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（2）Unit 2 Out of this world—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选修三期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，以下是相关要点：
1.引导词
从属连词：that 无词义，在从句中不充当成分，不能省略；whether 意为 "是否" ，不充当成分。例如：That he is honest is known to us all.（他很诚实，这我们都知道 ）；Whether he will come is not clear.（他是否会来还不清楚 ）
连接代词：who（谁）、whom（谁，宾格）、whose（谁的）、what（什么）、which（哪一个） ，在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。如：What he said made me angry.（他说的话让我生气 ）
连接副词：when（何时）、where（何地）、why（为什么）、how（怎样） ，在从句中作状语。例如：When he will arrive is unknown.（他什么时候到还不知道 ）
2.注意事项
形式主语 it：为避免头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将主语从句后置。如：It is obvious that he is wrong.（显然他错了 ）常见结构有 It + be + 形容词（true, possible 等）+ that 从句；It + be + 名词（a pity, a fact 等）+ that 从句 ；It + 不及物动词（seem, happen 等）+ that 从句 。
主谓一致：主语从句作主语时，主句谓语动词一般用单数形式 ，但 what 引导的主语从句，若表复数概念，谓语动词用复数。如：What we need are good teachers.（我们需要的是好老师 ）
特殊情况：if 不能引导主语从句；that 引导主语从句时，在句首不能省略。
一、单选题
1. ________ is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift.
A. Which B. As C. That D. What
2.It is uncertain ________ Peter can come back to attend Jenny and Henry's wedding or not.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
3. ________ is unfair is that millions of teenage girls still don't have the chance to be educated.
A. What B. That C. This D. It
4.Learning Chinese Peking Opera has taught me ________ makes it special is its distinctive blend of traditional music, expressive movements, and dramatic storytelling.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
5.It's not really surprising ________ Tom won the first place in the singing competition as he is so talented and hard-working.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
6. ________ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences.
A. That B. What C. This D. Which
7.Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whichever D. whomever
8. ________ is the most important in study is diligence rather than intelligence.
A. Which B. What C. When D. Who
9.It remains to be seen ________ the new traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation after they are issued.
A.which B.whether C.what D.that
10.In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile.
A.what B.that C.which D.how
二、阅读理解
A 293-million-mile journey of the NASA's Perseverance rover (探测器) to Mars ended successfully on February 18th,2021,with a picture-perfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car-sized, six-wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy, is the US space agency's biggest and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial (微生物的) life on Mars.
Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet's gravitational (引力的) pull causes approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere—just one percent that of Earth's—does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.
The scientists had to reduce Percy's 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph—in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be precise 12 degrees—any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the "seven minutes of terror".
Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the perfect landing spot. Its complex map-reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location.
The NASA scientists will spend the next two months testing Percy's scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover will begin to carry out its mission.
"Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof," said Lori Glaze, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division. "While we'll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well-equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples (样本) carry evidence that Mars once harboured life."
11. What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars
A. The speed reduction. B. The atmosphere analysis.
C. The location search. D. The time management.
12. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Ways to find the precise entry angle.
B. Consequences of a wrong entry degree.
C. Factors to survive the "seven minutes of terror".
D. Reasons for the necessity of speed reduction.
13. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. The space. B. The area. C. The system. D. The surface.
14. What can be inferred from Lori Glaze's words
A. Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable.
B. Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed.
C. Man still has a long way to go to prove there was life on Mars.
D. Samples of Mars will be returned soon to the labs on Earth.
三、七选五
Being able to read is one thing, but really enjoying books is completely another. That's what a family book club is all about: exploring books—simply for the fun of it. ①_____ Here are some tips for choosing books for the family book club and getting fun out of them.
②_____ When parents choose all the books, it can feel too much like being at school. Let kids make choices too! Grown-ups, when it's your turn to choose, try to think of books you truly love and want to share, especially those books that kids might not necessarily come across in school.
Try new genres (体裁) and styles. ③_____ If your family normally prefers fiction, choose a biography (传记)or a non-fiction book instead. Just finished a historical fiction book Choose a biography next, followed by a mystery.
Set aside a whole afternoon or evening. When everyone's had a chance to read the book, make your family book club time something special. You could just chat about it over dinner, but why not turn it into an event instead Schedule the time in advance, and plan for it together. ④_____
Include a hands-on activity or craft (手艺).Most kids will get bored pretty quickly if they're just sitting around talking about a book. ⑤_____ Colour a picture, make something, eat snacks together and so on. Anything fun and practical will work.
A. Select ideal books.
B. Take turns to choose a book.
C. Ready to try it with your family
D. This is the time to expand your horizons.
E. Choose books kids can read on their own.
F. Give them something to keep their hands busy while you chat.
G. It will become something everyone in the family is looking forward to.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：D
解析："What is obviously right" 是主语从句，"what" 在从句中作主语，表示 "明显正确的事情"。"Which" 表示 "哪一个"，有选择范围；"As" 不能引导主语从句；"That" 引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当成分，均不符合题意。
2.答案：D
解析：It is uncertain... 是一个主语从句，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。根据 "or not" 可知，此处表示 "是否"，在主语从句中表示 "是否" 且与 or not 连用，只能用 whether，所以选 D。
3.答案：A
解析：这是一个主语从句，从句 "________ is unfair" 中缺少主语，所以用 "What" 引导，同时 "What" 在从句中充当主语。B 选项 "That" 引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当成分；C 选项 "This" 不能引导主语从句；D 选项 "It" 常作形式主语，真正的主语在后面，但此句结构不符合这种情况。所以选 A。
4.答案：B
解析：本题考查名词性从句引导词。空格处引导一个主语从句，该从句缺少主语，且主语指的是"使京剧特别的东西"。因此，应选择引导词 what，表示"什么"。其他选项不符合句意：that 不充当成分，why表示原因，how 表示方式。故答案为 B. what。
5.答案：A
解析：此句为it作形式主语的主语从句，真正主语"Tom won the first place in the singing competition"结构完整，不缺成分，用that引导。B选项"what"在从句中要充当成分；C选项"which"意为哪一个，在从句中充当成分；D选项"how"意为如何，在从句中充当方式状语，均不符合。所以选A。
6.答案：A
解析：考查that引导的主语从句。句意：国与国之间的时装差异可以反映出其文化的差异。因为该主语从句是一个完整的句子，不缺少句子成分，所以要用that引导。
7.答案：B
解析：考查主语从句。A. whatever 任何事B. whoever 任何人C. whichever无论哪个D. whomever任何人。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A和C，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。
8.答案：B
解析：此处考查主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示 "…… 的东西，…… 的事情"，所以用 "What" 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。A 选项 "Which" 表示 "哪一个"，有选择的意味；C 选项 "When" 表示时间，在从句中作状语；D 选项 "Who" 表示人，不符合此处表达的在学习中最重要的是勤奋而不是智力这一意思。
9.答案：B
解析：考查主语从句。句意：新的交通法规发布后能否适应实际情况尚待观察。
10.答案：A
解析：考查主语从句。句意：在与他人交流时，我认为最有效的是微笑。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，结合句子结构可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语成分，意为"最有效的事情"。故选A项。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是"毅力号"探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。故选A项。
12.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段中的The scientists had to reduce Perey's 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed...The target entry angle also had to be precise 12 degrees 以及It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the "seven minutes of terror"。可知，该段主要介绍了"恐怖七分钟"的生存因素：降低速度和精确的切入角度。故选C项。
13.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的Its complex map-reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database 可知，将探测器数据库中的地图与扫描的区域进行匹配，由此找到最佳的着陆位置。故推断it指代该句中的the area。故选B项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中洛丽·格莱兹说的话可知，我们需要设备更加精良的实验室以及精密的仪器来告诉我们，我们的样本是否携带火星曾经有生命存在的证据。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走。故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：CBDGF
解析：①设空处上句指出文章话题：家庭读书俱乐部探索读书的乐趣。设空处下句引出文章主题：一些关于为家庭读书俱乐部挑选书籍的具体建议。根据上下文语境可推测，设空处可能是询问读者是否乐意和家人一起尝试一下家庭读书俱乐部。C选项紧扣文章主题，符合语境。
②设空句为本段的主旨句。结合本段中的Let kids make choices too! Grown-ups, when it's your turn to choose…可知，本段主要介绍的是家长和孩子轮流选书，B项符合语境。
③根据本段段首的主旨句和设空处下文讲述的具体做法可知，设空处可能提及尝试不同体裁和风格的书的好处，故选D项。
④由本段主旨句可知，本段主要建议专门留出来整个下午或夜晚用于读书活动，同时设空处前一句指出大家要一起提前规划好这场活动。G选项中的It指代此项活动，符合语境。
⑤设空处前一句提出大多数孩子参加读书活动容易厌烦，因此设空处应给出具体的解决办法，F选项中的them指代kids，建议家长在聊天时让孩子们的双手忙起来。同时设空处后一句也列举了具体活动，如涂色、做手工、吃零食等。综上所述，F选项承上启下，符合语境。

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