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（4）Unit 4 Never too old to learn—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选修四期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
1. 英语句子分类
句子按照其结构可以分为简单句、并列句、主从复合句和并列复合句。
(1)简单句
只有一个主谓结构的独立分句叫简单句。在简单句中，主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当，也可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语充当，组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。除了主语和谓语之外，简单句中还可以有宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
例：Spring is the best season for planting trees.
春季是植树的最佳季节。
(2)并列句
含有两个或两个以上的独立分句的句子叫并列句。
并列句中的常见的连词有：
表示并列关系：and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...， as well as等
表示转折或对比关系：but，yet，while等。
表示因果关系：for，so，thus，therefore等。
表示选择关系：or，either...or等。
例：I have travelled to many places，but I still want to visit more.
我已经去过很多地方旅游，但是我还想游览更多的地方。
(3)主从复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子叫主从复合句。主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语，但从句只是句子的一个成分，不能独立存在。
主从复合句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句三大类。
①定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
②状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句等。
③名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(4)并列复合句
两个或两个以上由并列连接词连接的分句中至少有一个是主从复合句，这种句子称为并列复合句。
2. 分析长句的方法
(1)找出句子主干
一般而言，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。
(2)寻找并列连词
英语并列句或并列复合句都是由并列连词来连接的。找准这些并列连词，就能够弄懂句与句之间的逻辑关系。
(3)定位从属连词或关系词
在每个英语句子中，主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。根据从属连词或关系词的种类和功能，判断从句的类型。
一、句型转换
1."What's bothering you " This is what I want to know. (改为含主语从句和表语从句的复合句)
___________________________________________________________________________
2.Our school volleyball team had won the championship. The news encouraged us all greatly. (用同位语从句合并句子)
___________________________________________________________________________
3.He often comes to class early, and it makes his teacher happy. (合并成一个含定语从句的复合句)
___________________________________________________________________________
4.It remained a mystery why he didn't show up.(改为含有主语从句的复合句)
______ ______ ______ ______ show up remained a mystery.
5.The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. We are glad at the news. (合并成含有同位语从句的复合句)
___________________________________________________________________________
6.A new teacher will teach us English next term. The message reached me yesterday. (合并成含有同位语从句的复合句)
___________________________________________________________________________
7.Mr. King was quickly taken to the hospital, and he was badly hurt.(合并成一个含定语从句的复合句)
___________________________________________________________________________
8.将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句
The UN set up the United Nations Security Council. The United Nations Security Council's purpose is to maintain peace and security among nations.
___________________________________________________________________________
9.将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句
Finally, the thief handed in all the things. He stole them from the shop last night.
___________________________________________________________________________
10.将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句
Financial technology is an area. China and many developed countries are on the same starting line.
___________________________________________________________________________
二、阅读理解
A few years ago, I stood in a small classroom just outside of New York City, watching a high schooler named Serena Stevenson answer math questions. A teacher read out numbers—74,470, 70,809 and 98,402—and Stevenson added the min her head. For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the questions correctly.
The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus (算盘). Stevenson used a practice called the "mental abacus", imagining the abacus in her mind and then using her fingers to work out the problems.
From watching Stevenson, I knew that acquiring a skill at the abacus was more than a matter of counting beads (珠子), so I decided to sign up for an abacus course with my two daughters to see if we could also improve our math skills. I was one of the many who had some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear. My normal solution was escape, and if I had to calculate something, I would go online.
Then after a few abacus classes and a good amount of practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I didn't become Euclid, founder of geometry (几何学), but the practice reduced my fear. Confidence grows easily on the device, and abacus students are less likely to be nervous about an upcoming math test, according to one study. Part of the reason, it seems, is that practice and results appear to go hand in hand.
My kids gained much as well. My youngest daughter could work out those math problems that once confused her, while my older child took her abacus to school to show it to her classmates and teachers. These were just small successes for them, but that was how they finally developed confidence.
11.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A. To prove the difficulty of math.
B. To introduce the topic of the abacus.
C. To show the cleverness of Stevenson.
D. To stress the importance of abacus learning.
12.What do we know about the author from Paragraph 3
A. He was weak in math. B. He was good at computers.
C. He regarded math as useful. D. He had a close relationship with kids.
13.What did the author realize from his learning experience
A. All roads lead to Rome. B. It's never too late to learn.
C. Faith can move mountains. D. Practice makes perfect.
14.What is the best title for the text
A. The Secret to My Success B. A Rough Ride—Learning Math
C. The Power of Learning the Abacus D. The Abacus—an Ancient Technology
三、七选五
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
①_____ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ②_____ Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ③_____ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ④_____ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ⑤_____ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
答案以及解析
一、句型转换
1.答案：What I want to know is what is bothering you.
解析：原句This is what I want to know中的This指代问句What's bothering you 由此可知，此句表达的是"我想知道的是什么在困扰着你。"，此句可转换为含主语从句和表语从句的复合句， What I want to know(我想知道的)在句中作主语，疑问句What's bothering you？转化为what引导的表语从句，用陈述句语序；此句改写为What I want to know is what is bothering you.故填：What I want to know is what is bothering you.
2.答案：The news that our school volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
解析：原句中 "The news" 就是指代 "Our school volleyball team had won the championship" 这一消息内容，所以可以将后者作为同位语从句来修饰 "The news"，用 "that" 引导同位语从句，且同位语从句是对前面抽象名词内容的具体解释说明。
整合后的句子为：The news that our school volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
3.答案：He often comes to class early, which makes his teacher happy
解析：根据句型转换的要求，先行词是前面整个句子，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填：He often comes to class early, which makes his teacher happy.
4.答案：①. Why ②. he ③. did ④. not
解析： 考查主语从句。句意：他为什么没有出现仍然是个谜。对比两句话可知，空格处意为"他为什么没有"，用主语从句作主语，用陈述语气，由前面的why he didn't show up及空格是四个可知，空格处是why he did not，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Why,he, did, not。
5.答案：We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday.
解析：同位语从句是用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明的句子。分析原句可知，句中的抽象名词为news，即We are glad at the news，后面需接一个同位语从句，连接词无实意，只起连接作用且不可省略，需用that，即that引导从句that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday。故填：We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday.
6.答案：The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday.
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：一位新老师将在下学期教我们英语，这个消息昨天我就知道了。"A new teacher will teach us English next term. The message reached me yesterday."是用来解释说明名词message(消息)的，应用同位语从句来引导，且从句意完整，不缺少成分，应用只起连接作用无任何意义的that引导，故填The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday.
7.答案：Mr. King who/that was badly hurt was quickly taken to the hospital
解析：根据句型转换的要求，先行词Mr. King在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故填：Mr. King who/that was badly hurt was quickly taken to the hospital.
8.答案：The UN set up the United Nations Security Council whose purpose is to maintain peace and security among nations.
解析：分析句子结构可知，先行词the United Nations Security Council与purpose之间存在所属关系，故此处应用whose引导定语从句，whose在从句中作定语，修饰purpose。
9.答案：Finally, the thief handed in all the things (that) he stole from the shop last night.
解析：此处先行词为all the things，关系词在定语从句中作动词stole的宾语，故应用关系词that引导定语从句，that也可省略。
10.答案：Financial technology is an area where/in which China and many developed countries are on the same starting line.
解析：先行词 area 在此处是抽象地点名词，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故此处应用where/in which引导定语从句。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the questions correctly"以及第二段中的"The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus(算盘)"可推知，第一段的主要目的是引出算盘这个话题。故选B。
12.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"I was one of the many who had some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear. My normal solution was escape, and if I had to calculate something, I would go online"可知，作者的数学不好。故选A。
13.答案：D
解析：考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段内容可知，大量的练习产生了效果，帮助作者克服了对数学的恐惧。由此可推知作者从他的学习经历中认识到"熟能生巧"的道理。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知，作者通过和孩子们一起学习珠心算从而得出了"熟能生巧"的道理。C项"学习算盘的影响力"最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：DBEFG
解析：①根据下文"When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper."可知，第一次尝试写作时，不间断地写10或15分钟。D项"首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。"切题。故选D。
②根据上文"Stay loose and free."和下文"Don't worry about grammar or spelling."可知，写作时，不要担心语法或拼写问题。B项"让你的笔跟上思想的波动。"切题。故选B。
③根据上文"The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect."和下文"Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper."可知，写草稿时不要担心是否完美。E项"太多作者力求第一次就把草稿写好。"切题。故选E。
④根据上文"The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision."可知，第三个技巧是尝试打印一份三倍行距的副本，留出修改的空间。F项"许多新手作者没有留出足够的空间来修改草稿。"切题。故选F。
⑤根据上文"After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor."和下文"The resulting blank space invites you to revise."可知，草稿太乱无法继续修改时，可以输入到文字处理器中，留出空间以供修改。G项"然后，你可以再次将文本设置为三倍行距，打印一份新的草稿。"切题。故选G。

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