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（3）Unit 3 Careers and skills—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选修四期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
1.主语从句
(1)引导词用法
that 引导：that 在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略 。易出错点在于，当句子较长时，容易忽略 that 的存在，比如"That teaching is an important job is known to all"，要明确 that 虽无实际语义，但起连接作用 。
疑问词引导(whether/what/when/where 等)：whether 表"是否"；what 在从句中可作主语、宾语，有实际语义；when/where 分别表时间、地点，在从句中作状语 。易错点是分不清 what 和其他疑问副词(when/where 等)在从句中所作成分，比如"What needs to be done must be done right away"(what 作主语)，"When the job interview will be held has not been decided yet"(when 作时间状语)。
(2)形式主语 it
用 it 作形式主语，主语从句后置(It + 谓语 + 其他 + that 从句)。易出错点在于，写句子时忘记用形式主语结构，或者混淆 it 作形式主语和其他句型(如强调句)，比如"It surprises everyone that he can sing so well"，要注意主语从句真正内容在句末 。
2.宾语从句
(1)that 的省略规则
单个宾语从句中，that 常可省略 ；但出现多个并列宾语从句时，仅能省略第一个 that ，后面的 that 不能省 。易错点是并列宾语从句中容易多省或漏省 that ，比如"Tell him (that) he needn't worry and that I will help him out"，第二个 that 要保留，否则句子结构易混乱 。
(2)形式宾语 it
当从句含宾语补足语时，用 it 作形式宾语，宾语从句后置(谓语 + it + 宾补 + that 从句)。易出错点是没识别出需要用形式宾语的情况，或者写错结构，比如"They want to make it clear that language is an important tool"，要牢记"动词 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语(从句)"这种模式 。
三、表语从句
(1)引导词用法
可由 that 引导(that 不充当成分，一般不省略)，也可由 whether/what/when/where 等疑问词引导 。重点是区分不同引导词语义和作用，比如"The truth is that teenagers work harder than you might imagine"(that 起连接作用)，"Mr White thinks the proposal is useless, and that's where I don't agree"(where 在从句中作地点状语，表"在……方面")。
(2)与其他从句区分
易和宾语从句、主语从句混淆，关键看从句在句子中作表语(位于系动词后)，比如"The fact is what we need to face"，what 引导表语从句，跟在系动词 is 后 。
4.同位语从句
(1)引导词与先行词
引导词：that/whether/what/when/where 等，that 无实际语义，只起连接作用；whether 表"是否"；what/when/where 等在从句中有实际语义，作相应成分 。
先行词：常接同位语从句的名词有 belief、conclusion、decision 等(表抽象概念)。易错点是分不清同位语从句和定语从句，同位语从句是对先行词内容的解释说明，引导词 that 不充当成分；而定语从句中 that 要充当成分(主语 / 宾语等)，比如"He hasn't made the decision whether he will go abroad"(whether 引导同位语从句，解释 decision 内容)。
(2)疑问词引导的同位语从句
what/when/where 等引导同位语从句时，在从句中作成分，要结合语义判断 。比如"They had no idea what was to become of them"(what 在从句中作主语)，理解和运用时容易出错，需多结合例句分析 。
一、单选题
1.It is uncertain ________ Peter can come back to attend Jenny and Henry's wedding or not.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
2. ________ is unfair is that millions of teenage girls still don't have the chance to be educated.
A. What B. That C. This D. It
3.I'm not sure ________ the branch manager is the right person to send it to.
A.whom B.which C.why D.whether
4.---What should I wear for the English speaking contest
---Dress ________ you like.
A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however
5.The most important thing was ________ people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the sea.
A. what B. that C. where D. which
6."Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea." This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
A.what B.how C.that D.whether
7.Modern science has given evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A.what B.which C.that D.where
8. ________ a strong storm took place in that country.
A.Word that came B.Word which came C.Word came which D.Word came that
9.There are some doubts ________ the meeting can be held on time.
A. whether B. that C. when D. which
10.When reports came into London Zoo ________ a wild puma had been spotted 45 miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
A.where B.what C.which D.that
二、阅读理解
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. "Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers," she says. However her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
11.What did Jennifer do after high school
A.She helped her dad with his work. B.She ran the family farm on her own.
C.She supported herself through college. D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
12.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield
A.To take care of her kids easily. B.To learn from the best nurses.
C.To save money for her parents. D.To find a well-paid job there.
13.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal
A.Her health. B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputation. D.Her chance of promotion.
14.What can we learn from Jennifer's story
A.Time is money. B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off. D.Education is the key to success.
三、七选五
Not all lessons can be learnt in a classroom environment. Overall development of students demands that they get the opportunity to participate in after-class activities in school ①_____ Students are given a chance to join in activities like sports, art, music, etc, and they can get the required break from dull classroom learning.
In some schools, participating in these activities is made compulsory while some keep it voluntary for students. There is a common mistaken belief that these events are not as important as regular learning. ②_____ Here are what students could learn by participating in them.
③_____ These are skills that are essential to meet the demands of a busy working life and are best if developed early. As adults, they'll need to schedule several tasks in professional and personal life reasonably.
Just as classrooms have different subjects to teach students, after-class activities in school also give them a chance to explore new kinds of art and sports. ④_____
Participating in after-class activities in school requires the students to commit to them for some time. Through this they learn the concept of long-term commitment. ⑤_____ Participating in particular events in school trains the child to make commitments sensibly and to stick to them.
A.This gives them required discipline.
B. It directs their attention in the wrong direction.
C. Active participation will help to raise self-respect.
D. This helps them understand where their interest lies.
E. Students can learn to manage their time and priorities.
F. This is why some top schools aim for a perfect balance.
G. Contrarily, they develop qualities in students like team spirit.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：D
解析：It is uncertain... 是一个主语从句，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。根据 "or not" 可知，此处表示 "是否"，在主语从句中表示 "是否" 且与 or not 连用，只能用 whether，所以选 D。
2.答案：A
解析：这是一个主语从句，从句 "________ is unfair" 中缺少主语，所以用 "What" 引导，同时 "What" 在从句中充当主语。B 选项 "That" 引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当成分；C 选项 "This" 不能引导主语从句；D 选项 "It" 常作形式主语，真正的主语在后面，但此句结构不符合这种情况。所以选 A。
3.答案：D
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定是否应该把这个发给部门经理。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词意为"是否"。故选D。
4.答案：B
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：—我应该穿什么去参加英语演讲比赛？——穿你喜欢的衣服。此处需要使用连接词引导从句作dress的宾语，连接词在从句中作like的宾语，指物，且此处不限定衣服的范围，因此使用连接词whatever。故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：was动词后的表语从句意思和结构完整，用连接词that引导从句。B项正确。故选：B。
6.答案：A
解析：本题主要考查表语从句。根据句子结构可知，设空处在从句中作 tell的宾语，指代前面的一整句话，只能用 what 来引导。故正确答案为A。
7.答案：C
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：现代科学证明吸烟可以导致许多疾病。evidence后接同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整，用连接词that。
8.答案：D
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：消息传来，那个国家发生了一场强风暴。结合选项和句子可知，本句是同位语从句，从句句子成分完整，句意完整，用that引导，"消息传来"翻译为"word come"，从句使用的一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时。故选D。
9.答案：A
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：会议能否按时举行还有些疑问。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，本句先行词为doubts，由从句可知，后面的部分为一个结果未知的问题，想表达的是是否能按时召开的意思，用whether引导。故选A项。
10.答案：D
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：当伦敦动物园看到报道说一只野生美洲狮在伦敦南部45英里的地方时，他们没有当回事。此处说明reports的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故选D。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition可知，珍妮弗高中毕业后自己打工挣钱交学费，故选C项。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids可知，珍妮弗选择这所学校的课程是为了方便在上学的同时照顾自己的孩子，故选A项。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study可知，珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标，牺牲了许多与孩子待在一起的夜晚，也错过了很多重要的活动，故选B项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了主人公通过自己的努力完成学业，最终获得成功的故事，强调了她坚持不懈、努力拼搏的精神，C项(努力终将得到回报)符合文章主旨，故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：FGEDA
解析：①上文中的Overall development of students demands that they get the opportunity to participate in after-class activities in school。说明学生不仅要学习，还要参加课外活动，以求全面发展，F项中的aim for a perfect balance是关键词，学校追求完美平衡，以促进学生发展，F项(这就是为什么一些顶尖学校追求完美平衡)符合语境。故选F项。
②上文中的There is a common mistaken belief that these events are not as important as regular learning。说明了认为课外活动不重要是错误的，下文列出学生能在参与课外活动中学到的东西，所以设空处应表示转折，说明参加课外活动的重要性，G项(相反地，它们培养学生的团队精神等素质)符合语境。故选C项。
③根据下文中的meet the demands of a busy working life以及schedule several tasks可知，设空处应与时间管理技能有关，E项(学生可以学习合理安排自己的时间和优先事项)符合本段内容。故选E项。
④设空处前一句说明课外活动会给予学生探索的机会，D项(这有助于他们了解自己的兴趣所在)承接上文。故选D项。
⑤下文Participating in particular events in school trains the child to make commitments sensibly and to stick to them。说明课外活动可以教育孩子合理作出承诺并且坚持下去，A项中的discipline是关键词，表明学生能由此获得好的自制力，A项(这使他们有必要的自制力)符合语境。故选A项。

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