2025届高考英语容易混淆的语法盘点(素材)

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

2025届高考英语容易混淆的语法盘点(素材)

资源简介

高考英语容易混淆的语法盘点
一、强调句和状语从句
【辨别方法】
强调句:结构为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他,that不充当从句成分,仅起连接作用。
状语从句:由“when/before/since”等引导,表示时间、原因等,引导词在从句中充当状语成分。
例句:
It was at 3 o’clock that they came back.
他们回来是在三点钟。(强调句)
It was 3 o’clock when they came back.
他们回来时是三点钟。(时间状语从句)
It was 3 hours before they came back.
他们三小时后才回来。(时间状语从句)
It is 3 hours since they came back.
自从他们回来已经三小时了。(时间状语从句)
二、定语从句和状语从句
【辨别方法】
定语从句:用“as/which”等关系词修饰名词,从句与主句有直接修饰关系。
状语从句:用“that”引导结果状语从句。
例句:
He is such a good teacher as we all respect.
他是我们所有人都尊敬的好老师。(定语从句)
He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.
他是一位好老师,以至于我们所有人都尊敬他。(结果状语从句)
三、定语从句关系词辨析
(1) which vs when
【辨别方法】
when:引导定语从句时,在从句中作时间状语,修饰表示时间的名词(如days)。
which:在从句中作宾语,修饰名词。
例句:
I still remember the days when I worked with him.
我仍然记得和他一起工作的日子。(when指代the days,在从句中作时间状语)
I still remember the days which I spent with him.
我仍然记得和他一起度过的日子。(which指代the days,在从句中作spent的宾语)
(2) which vs where
【辨别方法】
where:在定语从句中作地点状语,修饰表示地点的名词(如place)。
which:在从句中作宾语,修饰名词。
例句:
I still remember the place where I once lived.
我仍然记得曾经住过的地方。(where指代the place,在从句中作地点状语)
I still remember the place which I visited last year.
我仍然记得去年参观过的地方。(which指代the place,在从句中作visit的宾语)
(3) who vs whose
【辨别方法】
who:在定语从句中作主语,修饰表示人的名词。
whose:在从句中作定语,表示所属关系。
例句:
I’m grateful to Peter, who helped me through my hard times.
我感激彼得,他在我困难时帮助了我。
I’m grateful to Peter, whose care helped me through my hard times.
我感激彼得,他的关心帮助我度过了困难时期。
(4) that vs which
【辨别方法】
which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。作宾语时一般可省略,作从句中介词的宾语时不可省略。
that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语等,作宾语时一般可省略。指人时一般可用who替代,指物时一般可用which替代。
【宜用that不用which的情况】
a. 当先行词是all,much,anything,something,everything,nothing,little,none等不定代词时。
She told me everything that she knew.
她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
b. 当先行词被all,no,few,any,little,some,much,last,only,very等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that were borrowed from others.
我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。
c. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰,或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。
d. 当先行词既有人又有物时。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照片。
四、定语从句和并列句
【辨别方法】
并列句:用“and”连接两个独立句子,前后句无修饰关系。
定语从句:用“whom”引导从句,修饰主句中的名词。
例句:
There are 40 students in our class, and all of them work hard.
我们班有40名学生,他们都很努力。(并列句)
There are 40 students in our class, all of whom work hard.
我们班有40名学生,所有人都很努力。(定语从句)
五、定语从句和主语从句
【辨别方法】
定语从句:由“as”引导,修饰主句的主语或宾语。
主语从句:由“it”作形式主语,真正的主语是“that”引导的从句。
例句:
As is known to all, China is no longer what she used to be.
众所周知,中国已不再是过去的样子。(定语从句)
It is known to all that China is no longer what she used to be.
众所周知,中国已不再是过去的样子。(主语从句)
六、定语从句和宾语从句
【辨别方法】
定语从句:用“that”修饰名词,从句中“that”可省略。
宾语从句:用“what”引导,表示动作的具体内容。
例句:
The stepmother did all that she could to help the boy go to school.
继母尽她所能帮助男孩上学。(定语从句,修饰先行词all)
The stepmother did what she could do to help the boy go to school.
继母做了她能做的来帮助男孩上学。(宾语从句)
七、定语从句和同位语从句
【辨别方法】
同位语从句:用“that”解释名词的具体内容,“that”不充当成分。
定语从句:用“that”修饰名词,“that”在从句中作成分。
例句:
The news that our team won encouraged us.
我们队获胜的消息鼓舞了我们。(同位语从句)
The news that you told me encouraged us.
你告诉我的消息鼓舞了我们。(定语从句,修饰先行词the news,that在从句中作told的宾语)
八、名词性从句引导词
【辨别方法】
that:引导主语或表语从句时,本身无实义,仅起连接作用。
what:在从句中充当成分(如宾语),表示具体内容。
例句:
That he said so in the meeting made the leader embarrassed.
他在会议上这么说让领导很尴尬。
What he said in the meeting made the leader embarrassed.
他在会议上说的话让领导很尴尬。
九、定语从句中的主谓一致
一般情况下,关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句谓语动词的人称和数与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom.
两周内卖光的那些书都是汤姆写的。
I’m fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.
我喜欢珍妮演奏的那首曲子。
特别提醒:“one of the + 可数名词复数+定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式;而“the only/very/right one of the +可数名词复数+定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is one of the players who were presented with the medal.
他是被授予了奖章的运动员之一。
He is the only one of the players who was presented with the medal.
他是唯一一位被授予了奖章的运动员。
十、词性差异导致用法不同
【辨别方法】
including:介词,表示包含,后接名词。
included:形容词,常置于名词后,表示被包含。
例句:
The bill came to $467, including tax.
账单总计467美元,含税。
The bill came to $467, tax included.
账单总计467美元,含税。
十一、不及物动词词组
date back to 追溯到……
例句:
The Terracotta Warriors, dating back to the Qin Dynasty, are considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries in the world.
兵马俑可追溯至秦朝,被认为是世界上最伟大的考古发现之一。
Dating back to the Han Dynasty, the Chinese tea ceremony reflects profound cultural traditions and philosophical values.
中国茶道可追溯至汉代,体现了深厚的文化传统与哲学理念。
十二、名词修饰名词
单数形式为主:修饰名词通常用单数(即使被修饰词是复数)。
表属性或功能:说明被修饰名词的类别、用途、材料等。
常考搭配:涉及学科、工具、材料、时间、地点等。
例如:
engineering techniques 工程技术
science experiment 科学实验
Information technology 信息技术
time management 时间管理
swimming pool 游泳池
learning process 学习过程
learning disability 学习困难;学习障碍
reading material 阅读材料
十三、含冠词的固定搭配
in a hurry 匆忙 all of a sudden 突然
make a difference 有影响 the same as 与……相同
to the point 切中要害 by the way 顺便说一下
on the one hand... on the other hand 一方面……另一方面
十四、形式特别的形容词(误以为是副词)
1. friendly adj. 友好的
例句:
The friendly tour guide introduced the history of the Great Wall in detail.
这位友好的导游详细介绍了长城的历史。
2. lovely adj. 可爱的;美好的
例句:
The lovely lanterns during the Spring Festival create a warm atmosphere.
春节时可爱的灯笼营造出温馨的氛围。
3. lonely adj. 孤独的
例句:
The poet wrote many poems about the lonely moon in the Tang Dynasty.
这位唐代诗人写了许多关于孤月的诗。
4. costly adj. 昂贵的;代价高的
例句:
The construction of the Grand Canal was a costly but significant project in Chinese history.
大运河的建造是中国历史上代价高昂但意义重大的工程。
5. orderly adj. 有序的
例句:
The orderly arrangement of the Terracotta Warriors shows the Qin Dynasty’s military discipline.
兵马俑有序的排列体现了秦朝的军事纪律。

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览