资源简介 (共63张PPT)专题二 句法篇第4讲 特殊句式◎高瞻远瞩→研究如何考◎真题再现题型 高考典例 设题角度解读语法填空 1.(2024北京卷)And when (ask)about his new title,he shared the secret:moderation(适度). 2.(2024全国新高考Ⅰ卷改编)But equally important (be)the mental aspect. 3.(2024全国新高考Ⅱ卷改编)Also,there (be)a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. 1.状语从句的省略2.there be句型、祈使句和感叹句3.强调句It’s…that/who…askedis is 题型 高考典例 设题角度解读语法填空 4.(2023全国新高考Ⅰ卷改编)In a journal or on a piece of paper, (put)the heading“Personal strengths”. 5.(2022全国甲卷)It was with the efforts made by both sides we began to understand each other. 6. fun it was to listen to some recordings of the insects’ singing in biology class! 7.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each;gone (be)the days of thousands standing to watch the match. 1.状语从句的省略2.there be句型、祈使句和感叹句3.强调句It’s…that/who…putthatHoware 1. 考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。分析句子结构可知,此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,动词ask与其逻辑主语he为动宾关系,应用动词的-ed形式。故填asked。2.考查倒装句。句意:但同样重要的是精神层面。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在句子为倒装句,其主语是the mental aspect。根语境可知,此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。3.考查There be句型。句意:根据空格后的名词短语“a convenient app”和that引导的定语从句的谓语provides可知,此处应用be动词的第三人称单数形式。故填is。4. 考查祈使句。句意:在日记或纸上,写上“个人优点”的标题。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在句子为祈使句,应用动词原形。故填put。5. 考查强调句。分析句子结构可知,此处为强调句,其句型结构为“It is/was…that/who…”。此处强调方式状语“with the efforts made by both sides”,应用that。故填that。6. 考查感叹句。句意:在生物课上听昆虫唱歌的录音是多么有趣啊!此处考查感叹句句型“How+adj.+主语+谓语+其他!”。 故填How。7.考查倒装句。分析句子结构可知,此处为倒装句,其主语是“the days of thousands standing to watch the match”,为复数概念,再根据上一句的谓语tend可知,此处应用一般现在时,be动词应用are。故填are。解题策略▼注意分析句式结构,确定为何种特殊句式;▼根据特殊句式的结构特点,填入适当的词;▼区分部分倒装与全部倒装、理解强调句的基本结构,同时掌握how/what引导的感叹句以及祈使句的特点等。◎核心精讲→归纳如何学◎强调句1.强调句型的基本结构:It is/was+被强调的部分+that+其他. 该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分指人时,引导词也可用who。It is my mother who/that does the cooking every day.每天都是我妈妈做饭。(强调主语)It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)[名师点津]强调主语时要注意主谓一致。2.强调句型的一般疑问句结构:Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+其他?Is it in 2021 that the 32nd Olympic Games were held in Tokyo?第32届东京奥运会是在2021年举行的吗?3.强调句型的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其他?How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task?你哥哥是怎样成功完成那个困难的任务的?4.not…until…句型的强调结构:It is/was not until…+that+其他.It was not until I got off the bus that I realised it.直到下车后我才意识到它。5.强调谓语动词:将助动词do,does或did放在动词原形之前。She does like English.她的确喜欢英语。Do be careful while crossing the street.过马路时一定要当心。倒装句1.部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词、介词短语或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装。这类词(组)有:never, seldom, rarely, hardly, little, few, at no time, by no means, hardly/scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…, not only…but also…, not until, nowhere, neither…nor…等。Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before.我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night.昨晚他直到十二点钟才睡觉。(2)“only+状语从句/介词短语/副词”置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。Only after he had been asked three times did he come to the meeting.在叫了三次之后,他才来参加会议。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以这种方式,我们才能学好英语。(3)so/such…that…结构中的so/such连同它所修饰的成分共同置于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装结构。So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.形势如此严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。(4)as引导让步状语从句时,状语从句必须部分倒装;though引导让步状语从句时,从句可部分倒装,也可不倒装。Successful as he is, he is not proud.尽管他取得了成功,但他并不骄傲。(5)在虚拟语气中,省略if时,要进行部分倒装,即把had, were, should等提到主语前。Were I you, I would go with them.我要是你的话,我就跟他们一起去。Should he come, say “Welcome here.” to him.万一他来了,对他说:“欢迎来到这里。”(6)“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示与前面所述的肯定情况相同。He used to have his further study abroad, so did I.他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。(7)“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示与前面所述的否定情况相同。One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages, neither/nor can his wife.我的一个朋友不会说外语,他的妻子也不会。He had no friends,nor did he wish to make any.他没有朋友,也不想交朋友。2.完全倒装(1)当here,there,off,out,in,up,down,away,now,then等置于句首,谓语是come,go,be等动词,且其主语为名词时,句子用全部倒装。Here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。Away flew the bird.那只鸟飞走了。Then came another question.然后又一个问题被提出来了。(2)There be/live/lie/stand/remain/exist/come/go/seem/appear to be/happen to be/used to be表示“存在”意义时,为全部倒装句。There lived a strange little man.那里住着一个奇怪且身材矮小的人。Once there lived an old fisherman by the sea.从前,海边住着一位老渔夫。(3)表示地点的介词短语置于句首,构成完全倒装。此时谓语动词通常是不及物动词,且主语为名词。In the cottage lives a family of six.在这间小屋里住着一家六口人。On either side of the great avenue stood many buildings.这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多大楼。(4)表语(形容词、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首,且主语是较长或结构较为复杂的句子时,句子用全部倒装。Gone are the days when he lived in a shabby house.他住在一所破烂的房子里的日子已经一去不复返了。祈使句1.祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),有时也可用everybody, someone,anybody等不定代词。2.祈使句的类型:①Do型:动词原形+宾语+其他.②Be型:Be+名词(短语)或形容词+其他.③Let型:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.④名词型:名词(短语)+其他.Be careful next time. 下次务必小心。Let’s sit down to have a rest.让我们坐下休息一会吧。3.祈使句的强调形式:Do+动词原形+其他.Do be careful when you drive home!开车回家的时候务必小心!4.在祈使句的实际运用过程中,往往会出现以下两种句式结构:(1)“祈使句+and+陈述句(谓语动词一般用将来时).”(2)“祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句.”One more step farther and you will fall down.再多走一步,你就会摔倒。省略句 为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或多个句子成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种:1.简单句中的省略(1)省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句或其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语常常省略。(You) Shut up!住嘴!(I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。(It) Doesn’t matter.没关系。(2)省略宾语:当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。—Do you know Miss Gao?——你认识高女士吗?—I don’t know (her).——我不认识。(3)省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,但有时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(You come) This way, please.请走这边。(省略了主语和谓语)2.并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。(1)省略共同的主语或宾语。Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.汤姆捡起了一本在地上的书并把它交给了老师。(2)当主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同时,省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。(3)当主语与谓语动词相同时,省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。(4)当主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同时,省略主要动词及后续部分。He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid).他具备急救知识,但他朋友不具备。3.状语从句的省略(1)在when, while, once, if, as if, though,although,as,until,whether,unless,whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句的谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时,从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.木头燃烧时产生很多烟。Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.只要有可能,他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。Will you be free this Sunday? If (it is) so,let’s go camping.这个周日你有空吗?如果有,我们去野营吧。[名师点津]省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主谓关系,应用动词的-ing形式;若构成动宾关系,应用动词的-ed形式;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,应用动词不定式。When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.冰在加热时可以变成水。(2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。They don’t use more water than (it is) necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需求量。He runs as fast as Bob (runs).他和鲍勃跑得一样快。[名师点津]并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词。由after, before, because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等,用动词的-ing形式代替be动词。Because he was ill,he didn’t attend the meeting.→Because of being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(正)→Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(正)→Because ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(误)因为生病了,所以他没有出席会议。4.定语从句的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可省略。The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying.他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。5.宾语从句的省略(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,那么只有第一个that可以省略。I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.我由衷地相信美丽来自内心。He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city).我知道一个电影明星将要来我们的城市,但我不知道他什么时候来。6.动词不定式的省略(1)当动词不定式在形容词afraid, anxious,eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后面作状语时,to后面的内容常省略。You shouldn’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question).如果他没准备好回答这个问题,你不应该强迫他。(2)使役动词make, let, have或感官类动词see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to,但如果这些动词用于被动语态,则to不能省略。We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的动词不定式符号to。但动词不定式之间表示对比关系时,不能省略to。He likes to swim more than (to) skate.比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。(4)当动词agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,want,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,wish,would like等后接不定式作宾语时,为了避免重复,to后面的内容常常被省略。You can do it this way if you like to (do it).如果你想做,你可以这么做。(5)介词but, except前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的动词不定式不带to。All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。[名师点津]①省略的动词不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后要保留原形的have或be;②有类似用法的动词短语有ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to以及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。He didn’t come, but he ought to have.他没来,但他应该来。—Are you a farmer?——你是个农民吗?—No, but I used to be (a farmer).——不是,但我过去是。7.使用so, not等时的省略在英语中,可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Can you finish your work today?——你今天能完成工作吗?—I think so.——我认为能。—I don’t think so./I think not.——我认为不能。[名师点津]hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not。—The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好,是吗?—I guess not.——我猜是没做好。8.介词的省略(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,只保留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见的短语有:have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事spend some time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事(2)next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow, every, each, some用于表达时间时,其前一般省略介词。We go to school every day except Saturdays and Sundays.除星期六和星期天外,我们每天都上学。There be句型1.there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态,也可以和助动词或情态动词连用。There have been many great changes in my country since then.自从那时起,我国就发生了巨大的变化。There must be a mistake somewhere.某个地方一定出错了。2.there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be,appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替换。There seems to be an announcement about the project.关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有一个人路过。3.there be结构的常用句式:There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。There is no doubt about …/that…毫无疑问……There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth/with sth.(做)某事(没)有困难/麻烦。There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that… (做)某事(没)有可能性。感叹句▼what引导的感叹句 what引导的感叹句的句式结构:(1)What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!What a great time they had during their stay in the city!他们待在这座城市期间,度过了多么愉快的一段时光呀!(2)What+adj.+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!What wonderful movies they watched yesterday!昨天他们看的电影多么精彩呀!(3)What+adj.+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!What fine weather (it is)!多么好的天气呀!▼how引导的感叹句 how引导的感叹句的句式结构:(1)How+adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!How smart the little girl is!这个小女孩多聪明呀!(2)How+adj.+a/an/the+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!How great the idea (it is)!这个主意太好了!(3)How+主语+谓语!How time flies!时光飞逝!Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024全国新高考Ⅰ卷改编)Of course, these days there (be) plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses(同义词词典). 2.(2024全国新高考Ⅱ卷改编)As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.From there, Cambell says, (come) Artificial Dominant Intelligence. ◎冲关训练→专练如何解◎arewill come 1. 考查There be句型。句意:当然,现在有很多在线词典和同义词词典。根据空格前的“these days there”和空格后的“plenty of online dictionaries”可知, 此处应用一般现在时,be动词用复数形式。故填are。2.考查倒装句。句意:我们很快就会从AI by Design一书中学习,人工智能已经超级智能,并且将变得更有能力,从当前一代的“狭义人工智能”转向人工通用智能。Campbell说,从那里将会出现人工主导智能。分析句子结构可知,此处为倒装句,其主语为“Artificial Dominant Intelligence”。根据上文语境可知,此处应用一般将来时。故填will come。3.In ancient China (live) an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 4. possible, shall we meet you in your office at 10:00 a.m. tomorrow? 5. great trouble Jim had persuading his father to sell his old car! 6.He said he (do) see a woman in black walking out of the office building just now. lived IfWhatdid3.考查倒装句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。当时间状语“In ancient China”位于句首时,句子要用全部倒装。同时根据时间状语“In ancient China”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填lived。4. 考查省略句。句意:如果可能的话,我们明天上午10点在你的办公室见面好吗?分析句子结构可知,此处为省略句,再结合语境可知,此处表示“如果可能的话”。故填If。5. 考查感叹句。句意:Jim说服他的父亲卖掉那辆旧车费了多大的劲啊!此处考查感叹句句型“What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。故填What。7.Hardly (have) she sat down when she heard someone knocking on the door. 8.When (return) home, I met my old friend Paul in the street. 9.It was last Saturday we visited the History Museum in the centre of the city. hadreturningthat6. 考查强调句。句意:他说他刚才的确看到了一个黑衣女子从办公大楼走出来。分析句子结构可知,此处是对谓语动词see的强调,再根据时间状语“just now”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填did。7. 考查倒装句。句意:她刚刚坐下,就听到有人敲门。此处考查固定句型hardly…when…,意为“一……就……”。hardly放在句首,用部分倒装,从句使用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。故填had。8. 考查省略句。句意:当我回家时,我在街上遇到了我的老朋友Paul。分析句子结构可知,此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,动词return与其逻辑主语I为主谓关系,应用动词的-ing形式。故填returning。9. 考查强调句。句意:我们是在上周六参观位于市中心的历史博物馆的。此处考查强调句,其句型结构为It is/was…that/who… 此处强调时间状语“last Saturday”,应用that。故填that。Ⅱ.语法填空 The core value of Chinese traditional culture is the concept of harmony. Harmony is, in fact, a complete cultural system that consists of not only 1. (value) but also a philosophy with its own world outlook. Harmony means “proper and balanced cooperation between things”. With harmony at the heart, traditional Chinese principles suggest that there 2. (be) a built-in dynamic in the universe that turns imbalance into balance. This concept, deeply 3. (mix) into the history of Chinese society, advocates for a balanced and 4. (peace)values ismixedpeacefulcoexistence within the individual, between people, and between humanity and nature. At the centre of Chinese cultural harmony 5. (be) the belief in the interconnectedness of all things. It is reflected in aspects of Chinese life, from the emphasis on family unity and social bond 6. the practice of traditional arts and the governance of the state. The significance of harmony in Chinese culture cannot be overstated. It has shaped China’s approach to international relations, 7.____________ (highlight) harmonious coexistence and shared benefit. In taking care of theistohighlightingenvironment, it inspires efforts to live according to natural cycles and8. (respect) all forms of life. Moreover, the concept of harmony, which has enabled China to maintain social stability and cultural consistency despite the challenges of history, offers 9. model for settling conflicts and promoting a sense of community and belonging. As the world becomes steadily interconnected, it is the principles of Chinese cultural harmony 10. offer valuable insights for creating a more balanced and sustainable global society. to respecta that 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览