2025秋高考英语复习基础语法专题一词法第4讲介词(短语)课件

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2025秋高考英语复习基础语法专题一词法第4讲介词(短语)课件

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专题一 词法篇
第4讲 介词(短语)
◎高瞻远瞩→研究如何考◎
真题再现
题型 高考典例 设题角度解读



空 1.(2024全国新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands    a great achievement in contemporary design.
2.(2024全国甲卷)This area,with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved     all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
3.(2024全国甲卷改编)When we arrived,we went straight   a famous restaurant and ordered dishes,which tasted greatly. 1.考查介词的基本用法
2.考查固定搭配中的介词
as
for 
to 
题型 高考典例 设题角度解读



空 4.(2024北京卷)One day,I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought     myself,“Why would he carry all his books?”
5.(2023全国新高考Ⅱ卷改编)And I want to know who the panda keepers speak English     ?
6.(2023全国新高考Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup,and the wrappers are pressed     hand rather than rolled. 1.考查介词的基本用法
2.考查固定搭配中的介词
to 
with 
by
1. 考查介词。句意:温室是当代设计的一大成就。根据句意可知,空格处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
2.考查介词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了国家所有的人都能享受。介词for表目的,表示“为了国家所有的人”。 故填for。
3. 考查介词。句意:当我们到达时,我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆,点了一些菜,味道很好。go straight to为固定搭配,意为“径直前往……”。to为介词。
4.考查介词。句意:我心想,“他为什么要把所有的书都拿着?”think to oneself为固定搭配,意为“心想,暗想”。故填to。
5.考查介词。句意:我想知道他们和谁说英语?根据语境可知,此处强调双向交流,应用固定搭配speak with sb.,意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
6. 考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。by hand为固定搭配,意为“用手”。故填by。
解题策略
▼“是否有宾语”作依据:介词必须要接宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动词的-ing形式且它们在句中不作主语或动词的宾语,则空格处要考虑填介词。
▼“四种方法”来确定所填介词:
1.根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;
2.根据语境含义,结合介词用法;
3.根据特殊的结构关系,如接复合宾语常用with或without;
4.根据介词与动词等的搭配。
常考介词及其用法
▼表示时间的介词
◎核心精讲→归纳如何学◎
介词 用法 示例
at 表示时间点、时刻等 at 6 o’clock在六点钟
at daybreak在黎明
on 表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰) on Monday afternoon在周一下午
on a rainy morning
在一个雨天的上午
介词 用法 示例
in 表示在某段较长的时间内(用在世纪、年份、月份、季节、上午、下午、晚上等的前面) in the 20th century在20世纪
in winter在冬季
in September在9月
in the morning在上午
since+
时间点 意为“自从……以来”,常与延续性动词的完成时连用 Tom has been doing his homework since 7 o’clock.
汤姆从七点开始就一直在做他的家庭作业。
for+
时间段 长达 Mr Brown lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.
布朗先生退休后在那里生活了差不多15年。
介词 用法 示例
during 在……期间 during the class
在课堂上
until/till 直到 until/till midnight
直到深夜
by 到……为止;不迟于…… by 7 o’clock
七点前
介词 用法 示例
in/after
+时间段 意为“在……之后”;“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用 My father will be back in three days.
我父亲将在三天后回来。
My father came back after three days.我父亲三天后回来了。
before 在……之前 before the end of the year在年底之前
over 在……期间;直到……结束 over these years
这些年来
[名师点津]
1.当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every或each等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。
2.“on/upon+名词或动词的-ing形式”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
▼表示空间和方位的介词
▼表示工具、手段、方式的介词
介词 用法 示例
with 多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官 with a pencil用铅笔
by 侧重于使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具 by hand手工
by ship乘船
in 指使用某种语言、笔墨等 in pen用钢笔
in English用英语
on 多用于固定词组中 on the radio/on TV
通过收音机/电视
▼表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
介词(短语) 用法
besides 意为“除……之外(还有)”,相当于in addition to
except 意为“除……之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词或介词短语
but 意为“除……之外”(=except)
apart from 既可相当于besides或in addition to,也可相当于except for
other than 意为“除……之外(别无)”
[名师点津]
1.but常用于nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything, everyone, all 之后;作为连词,后接不定式时,如果前面为实义动词do,则不定式中的to省略。
2.besides还可作副词,意为“另外;而且”,在句中常用作插入语。
3.except还可用作连词,后接从句。
▼表示原因的介词(短语)
介词(短语) 示例
for,because of,due to,thanks to,owing to,on account of,as a result of The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
Owing to the emergency,the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
由于突发情况,航班延误了好几个小时。
常考介词短语及搭配
▼与名词的搭配
at a time 一次    at a loss 困惑;不知所措
at first sight 乍一看  at table 在吃饭
by mistake 错误地  by the way 顺便说一下
in charge of 负责  in return 作为回报
in turn 依次;反过来 in shape 健康状况良好
in trouble 处于困境中  on purpose 故意地
on holiday 在度假  in time 及时
on time 准时  on average 平均
in honour of… 向……表示敬意
in place of 代替  lack of 缺乏
in memory of… 为了纪念……
in addition to 除了  by hand 手工
on the contrary 与此相反
on account of 由于  on behalf of 代表
approach to… ……的方法
visit to… 到……的访问;访问……
for the sake of 为了 by means of 借助
the reason for… ……的原因
by accident/chance 偶然
beyond one’s reach 够不着
in advance 在前头;事先;预先
in the long run 从长远来看
beyond description 无法形容
at the cost of… 以……为代价
in support/favour of 支持;支援
in terms/view of 鉴于;根据
for the purpose of… 以……为目的
for the benefit of… 以……为利益
on the way to… 在去……的路上
on the basis of… 以……为基础
out of breath/balance 上气不接下气/失去平衡
to one’s surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是
under construction/consideration 建设/考虑中
▼与动词的搭配
apply for 申请  call at 拜访(地点)
refer to 谈到;涉及;查阅
result from 由……引起  suffer from 遭受
approve of 赞成  complain of/about 抱怨
consist of… 由……组成
dream of 梦到;梦见  think of 想起
call on 拜访(某人)  depend/rely on 依靠
result in/lead to 导致  belong to 属于
date from/back to 追溯到
protect…from 保护……不受伤害
succeed in… 在……方面成功
keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
answer for… 对……负责
▼与形容词的搭配
be aware of 意识到
be proud of… 以……为荣
be tired of 厌倦
be angry with sb. 对某人生气
be eager for 渴望
be absent from 缺席
be sure of/about… 对……有信心;确信
be familiar with… 熟悉……
be familiar to… 为……所熟悉
be patient with… 对……有耐心
be happy/pleased/satisfied with… 对……满意
be popular with/among… 受……欢迎
be strict with sb. 对某人严格
be addicted to… 对……上瘾;沉溺于……
feel/be ashamed of… 对……感到羞耻
be beneficial to… 对……有益处
be devoted to 致力于;献身于
be similar to… 与……相似
be confident in… 对……有信心
be anxious about/for 忧虑;担心
be crazy about 热衷;着迷
be curious about… 对……好奇
be particular about 挑剔
be suitable for/to 适合于
be available to… 对……可用;可供……使用
▼其他搭配
far from 远离 ahead of 在……前面;领先
▼易错的搭配
with the help/assistance of… 在……的帮助下
a hole in the wall 墙上的一个洞
a bird in the tree 树上的一只鸟
apples on the tree 树上的苹果
tickets for the concert 音乐会的门票
in the direction of… 朝着……的方向
set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样
under the leadership of… 在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Helen was walking down the street late     the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.
2.He flew 4,700 kilometres     Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
3.May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially     the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
◎冲关训练→专练如何解◎
in
from 
by
1. in the evening为固定搭配,意为“在晚上”。故填in。
2.句意:在九月二十日,他从4700千米外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据语境和空格后的“Xi’an to Kashgar”可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from。故填from。
3. 句意:在2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据语境可知,此处表示“被联合国命名”,应用介词by。故填by。
4.Giant pandas also serve     an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
5.Luc Gandarias, who is now thirteen, went blind suddenly     age seven.
6.In the future, robots will do boring jobs     place of people in order not to get us bored.
7.The Xi’an City Wall was built originally to protect the city     the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
as
at
in
in
4. 句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语serve as 意为“充当;担当”。故填as。
5. 句意:Luc Gandarias今年13岁,他在7岁时突然失明。表示“在……岁时”,应用介词at。故填at。
6. 根据语境可知,此处指机器人将代替人们做无聊的工作。in place of为固定搭配,意为“代替”。故填in。
7. 根据语境及空格后的“the Tang Dynasty”可知,此处指西安长城最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,应用介词in。故填in。
8.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types     trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
9.After that I poured oil into a pan and turned     the stove, I waited patiently until the oil was hot.
10.Bamboo plants are associated     health, abundance and a happy home.
of 
on
with 
8.句意:由于环保和探险旅游的盛行,现在多种旅游正被归类为生态旅游。various types of为固定短语,意为“各种各样的”。故填of。
9. 句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅,然后开火。根据“I poured oil into a pan”及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处用介词on。故填on。
10.句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with…为固定短语,意为“和……联系在一起”。故填with。
Ⅱ.语法填空
The “Spring Fair”, featuring diverse Chinese cultural activities, was held on Sunday at the Garden of Serenity, a traditional Chinese garden
1.     Santa Lucija, Malta.
  The fair, jointly organised 2.     the China Cultural Centre in Malta and the Santa Lucija local council, offered participants the opportunity to indulge in Chinese tea and cuisine, experience the art of calligraphy, and even try 3.     Han Chinese clothing.
in
by
on
  The event’s highlight was the performances by members 4.     the Malta School of Wushu-Longgui, who showcased amazing dragon dances and martial arts, attracting many audiences. Tai Chi performance, traditional Chinese folk music, and popular songs also gained loud cheers and applause.
  
from
5.     the opening ceremony, Charmaine St John, mayor of Santa Lucija, said that the Garden of Serenity is “ a symbol of friendship
6.     Malta and China.” She noted that cultural integration has always been a proposition(主张) 7.     the Maltese government, and that cooperation between the two sides should be based 8.     equality and mutual benefit in order to be sustainable.
One of the participants, 12-year-old Nathan Zammit, wrote his name in Chinese characters 9.     a brush at the booth of the Confucius Institute at the University of Malta. He was excited to experience calligraphy and showed admiration 10.    Chinese culture, despite not having visited China.
At
between
of 
on
with
for

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