资源简介

UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2025·宁波联考）Penguin’s Who Was？ series tells the incredible stories of trailblazers （开拓者）， legends， innovators， and creators.The following are four books about them：
　　Who Was Selena？
　　As a young girl， Selena Quintanilla sang in a band called Selena y Los Dinos with her brother and sister.The family performed at fairs， weddings， parties， and on street corners in their native Texas.Selena learned how to sing in Spanish and soon became hugely popular within the Latino community — and she became the best-selling Latin artist of the 1990s.
　　Who Was Chuck Jones？
　　Charles Jones was an American animator， cartoon artist， screenwriter， producer， and director of many classic animated cartoon shorts.They starred Bugs Bunny， Daffy Duck， Pepé Le Pew， Porky Pig and many other Warner Brothers characters.Jones won three Academy Awards and received an honorary Oscar.His career spanned almost seventy years， during which he made over 250 animated films.
　　Who Was Leif Erikson？
　　Leif Erikson was born to be an explorer.His father， Erik the Red， had established the first European settlement in present-day Greenland， and although he didn’t yet know it， Leif was destined to engage in a risky journey of his own.The wise and striking Viking landed in the area known as Vinland almost five centuries before Christopher Columbus even set sail！
　　Who Is Ralph Lauren？
　　Born in the Bronx， even as a teenager Ralph Lauren was known for his distinctive fashion sense， having a taste for both classic clothes and traditional looks like beat-up leather jackets.He got his start in the fashion business by selling ties that he designed.From ties he went on to create a global fashion empire.
1.What is special about Selena？（　　）
A.She had a very long career. B.She had a humble beginning.
C.She won two Academy Awards. D.She made many animated films.
2.What played a major role in Ralph Lauren’s business success？（　　）
A.His special talent. B.His great ambition.
C.His childhood experience. D.His educational background.
3.Which would be the best choice for a teen with a spirit of adventure？（　　）
A.Who Was Selena？ B.Who Was Chuck Jones？
C.Who Was Leif Erikson？ D.Who Is Ralph Lauren？
B
　　（2025·成都模拟）It was supposed to be a normal trip to the supermarket.My son was little， and it was getting close to naptime， so I was rushing to the cashier desk.However， when I went to start the car and realized my keys were gone — I must have locked them in the trunk with my bag.
　　I wasn’t sure what to do， so I took my son out of his car seat and went back inside the store with my cart still full of groceries.I had to use their phone to call my husband for the spare key.After multiple calls and messages with no answer， I was getting frustrated.
　　An employee at the store — whose name was Kelly — tapped me on the shoulder and took me to the Starbucks café that was inside the store.She walked over to the counter and came back with one for me.I told her how stupid I was， and she assured me it happened to a lot of people.She said if I couldn’t get in touch with my husband， they would call someone to get the trunk open.
　　After I got home that day， I kept thinking about what she had done for me and wanted to do something for her.When I saw her working again at the store， I told her how grateful I was.She would accept nothing in return and just told me to “pay it forward”.
　　So， Kelly， these are the things that you have done because I was thinking of your kindness as I did them：
　　Multiple doors held for people， letting someone ahead of me in line， picking up trash that someone tossed on the ground， hitting “yes” on the donation button at the checkout， helping a woman with heavy bags， food donations， helping a stranger find her glasses， and many others.
　　I am so glad I met Kelly that day.I am a better person because of my encounter with Kelly.Who would have thought one act of kindness could have so much of an effect on a person？
4.What happened to the author？（　　）
A.She couldn’t open her car door.
B.She couldn’t pay for her groceries.
C.Something was wrong with her car.
D.Something was wrong with her son.
5.Which of the following can best describe Kelly？（　　）
A.Caring and kind-hearted. B.Honest and hard-working.
C.Modest and strong-willed. D.Patient and open-minded.
6.What did Kelly advise the author to do by saying “pay it forward”？（　　）
A.Take good care of herself. B.Forget what she had done.
C.Do something nice to others. D.Pay for someone’s purchases.
7.What does the author intend to show by writing Paragraph 6？（　　）
A.How she spent her daily life. B.How she has been affected.
C.She led a very busy life indeed. D.She has done many good deeds.
C
　　（2025·青岛适应性检测）For much of human history， ethical behaviour has been guided by the Golden Rule： Do to others as you would have them do to you. But the rule is imperfect. What you want in a given situation may not be what another person desires at all.
　　In the medical field， making or influencing choices for others can make all the difference. Such choices impact people’s quality of life and even their chances of survival. As health care becomes more individualized， the time seems right for a new ethical guideline — the “Platinum （白金） Rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov： Do to others as they would want done to themselves.
　　Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year. He begins with a story about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen， who was severely disabled.The care doctor， after seeing her twisted （扭曲的） body， was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange question： Did Ellen read magazines？ “The question was frightening，” Chochinov writes. “This was not an attempt to get to know Ellen but rather a way to decide if hers was a life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life， but the gap between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor’s sense of what he would want in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule. “That’s when judging from where you stand what another might need or want begins to break down，” Chochinov explained.
　　Time is a limited resource in the health care system， and there’s no denying that getting to know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours. Still， Chochinov believes such investment is cost-effective. There are benefits for doctors as well. When they emotionally connect to their patients， they do a better job.
　　In certain cases， doctors may find it hard to apply the Platinum Rule. But there is value in the effort： At the very least， their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices.
8.Why is the Platinum Rule introduced to the medical field？（　　）
A.To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment.
B.To help doctors acquire accurate information.
C.To increase chances of survival for patients.
D.To make person-centered care accessible to patients.
9.What can we learn from Ellen’s story？（　　）
A.A health crisis caused her disability. B.The doctor was curious about her hobby.
C.The doctor gave little thought to her needs. D.Her brother sang high praises for the treatment.
10.Which statement might Chochinov agree with？（　　）
A.Health care system needs investing.
B.Time spent in knowing a patient is rewarding.
C.Trust between doctors and patients is important.
D.Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout.
11.What is the author’s attitude towards the Platinum Rule？（　　）
A.Objective. B.Favorable.
C.Careful. D.Unclear.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2025·南宁模拟）What is self-discipline？ It’s what keeps you from eating too many chips when you’re on a diet or from buying things you don’t need.
　　12.（　　）， but it will take practice and will require you to be patient and kind to yourself.Here are some ways you could start developing self-discipline：
　　Figure out your “why”. Viktor Frankl， a Holocaust survivor and psychiatrist， once said， “Those who have a ‘why’ to live， can bear with almost any ‘how’.” When you find your “why”， or the reason why you want to do something， you can remind yourself of these reasons when things get difficult.13.（　　）.
　　Be aware.14.（　　）： What to eat， when to go to bed， or whether you should send that passive-aggressive text.We can avoid temptations or give in to them.For example， people often say that you should not go grocery shopping on an empty stomach.Why？ Because you are more likely to buy less nutritious foods， snacks， or other high-calorie foods.
　　15.（　　）. If you don’t know where you’re going， it might be easier to get sidetracked.If this sounds like you， you can create an outline of clear action steps you intend to take on a daily or weekly basis until you reach your goal.Whether you want to increase good habits or reduce bad habits， creating a clear road map will help you achieve success.
　　Start small. The famous quote says，“The journey of a thousand miles begins with one single step.” Now that you have a plan， take a step.Start small.It’s unrealistic to expect results overnight.16.（　　）， as this can lead you to feel overwhelmed and might even cause you to abandon your plan.
A.Develop a plan
B.Be the best version of yourself
C.Don’t try to do everything in one week
D.Every day you make decisions about how you live
E.Self-discipline is a skill and anyone can improve it
F.This helps us sustain self-discipline even in difficult situations
G.You need to use your willpower to resist temptations that surround you
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四本针对青少年的西方名人传记图书。
1.B　细节理解题。根据Who Was Selena？一书的介绍可知，Selena最初曾跟着家人在家乡得克萨斯州的集市、婚礼、派对和街角表演。由此可知，她演艺生涯的起步是卑微的。
2.A　细节理解题。根据Who Is Ralph Lauren？一书的介绍可知，Ralph Lauren十几岁时就以其独特的时尚品味而闻名，他既喜欢经典服装，也喜欢老式皮夹克等传统服装。由此可知，他对时尚及时装有着独特的天赋。
3.C　细节理解题。根据Who Was Leif Erikson？ 一书的介绍可知，Leif Erikson以其冒险之旅而闻名，他在哥伦布起航前几乎五个世纪就登陆了被称为文兰的地区。由此可知，有冒险精神的年轻人会对他最感兴趣。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从超市出来，发现自己把车钥匙锁到了车里。当作者焦急万分时，一位热心的店员给她提供了无微不至的帮助。
4.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的when I went to start the car and realized my keys were gone — I must have locked them in the trunk with my bag可知，作者离开超市后发现自己找不到车钥匙了。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，超市店员Kelly不但安慰了作者，而且给她买了一杯星巴克咖啡。由此可推知，Kelly既有爱心又非常善良。
6.C　词义猜测题。根据第四至六段可知，Kelly不接受任何回报，而是建议作者pay it forward——作者接下来做了大量的好事。由此可知，这里的pay it forward是建议作者去多做好事。
7.B　推理判断题。根据最后两段可推知，作者列举自己做的这些好事，是为了说明Kelly的善良给自己带来的积极影响和改变。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了医学领域实施的“白金法则”，作者认为实施这种法则的努力是有价值的，可以确保医生们努力解决问题。
8.D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，将“白金法则”引入医学领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。
9.C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知道医生很少考虑到她的需要。
10.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，乔奇诺夫认为花时间了解病人是值得的。
11.B　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为“白金法则”虽然难以应用，但是实施这种法则的努力是值得的。由此推断，作者支持“白金法则”。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们都知道，要想获得成功，自律非常重要。可是，我们怎样才能做到自律呢？12.E　本空后面有两个重要暗示：表示转折的并列连词but和代词it，这里it指代E项中的Self-discipline；另外，but后面说明自律之难，前面则应说明自律之易，E项正好符合语境。
13.F　上句指出：当我们遇到困难时，应该想一想自己做这件事的原因和初心。显然，这会帮助我们在困境中依然坚持自律，故F项符合语境。
14.D　本空后面是冒号，所列举的What to eat， when to go to bed等都是一些我们每天需要作出的决定，故D项符合语境。
15.A　综合全文可知，本文主要提出四条建议，其他三条建议都是祈使句，本空也应是祈使句，且本段主要强调制定计划的重要性，故A项符合语境。
16.C　本段主要建议我们从小事做起，循序渐进，否则会导致半途而废，故C项符合语境。
4 / 4Part Ⅰ　一维重点突破
　　Lin Qiaozhi， known 　　　 the “mother of ten thousand babies”， had delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.When she was 18 years old， she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 　　　（marry） like the majority of girls.Though 　　　（appoint） to hold many important positions， she was more interested in tending patients.Dr Lin didn’t retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　　　　。 2.②处应填　　　　。 3.③处应填　　　　。 4.④处加黑词与短语　　　　　　 同义。
majority n.大部分；大多数
【练通】 单句语法填空
①With the final exam approaching， the 　　　　　　（major） of students are under much pressure and work very hard.
【写美】 微写作
②最近的一项调查显示，大多数学生倾向于通过听英语歌曲来学习英语。
A recent survey suggests that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by listening to English songs.（语言学习）
【归纳】
（1）the majority of ...大多数……
be in the majority 占多数
（2）major n. 专业
v. 主修
major in 主修……；以……为专业
【佳句】 I love painting very much.I started learning painting at an early age and chose painting art and history as my major in college.
我非常喜欢画画。我很小就开始学习绘画，大学时选择了绘画艺术和历史作为我的专业。
appoint vt.任命；委派；安排
【练通】 单句语法填空
①I have something urgent to handle and therefore， I have to cancel the 　　　　　　（appoint） with you， and I will appoint my brother 　　　　（pick） you up at the airport.
【写美】 微写作
②得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the Students’ Association， I sincerely congratulate you. （祝贺信）
【归纳】
（1）appoint sb as/to be ...　　任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
（2）appointment n. 任命；约会
make an appointment with sb 与某人约会
keep/break an appointment 守约/违约
【佳句】 I have to apologise to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time.我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
　　Hearing the roar of the helicopter， we were so excited that we cried out of joy. There was no music more pleasant than it. We got on the helicopter， whose loud sound 　　　　（scare） the bear off for a moment.However， three minutes later， the bear was found making its way to our kitchen to search for the bread.Frightened as we were， neither Ellie 　　　　 I regretted this adventure. 微技能热身 1.句①为“　　　　　　　”表示最高级含义。 2.②处应填　　　　。 3.③处应填　　　　。
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Having realised my mistake，I bowed my head timidly， 　　　　　　（scare） to look at my father’s cloudy face. （心理描写）
②After watching a 　　　　　　（scare） film in the cinema， she was scared 　　　　　　walking home alone and therefore， she called a taxi.
【写美】 微写作
③当我意识到那头熊又回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。
When I realised that the bear was coming back to attack us， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【归纳】
（1）scare sb into doing sth　恐吓某人做某事
（2）scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
（3）scary adj. 吓人的；恐怖的
【佳句】 I was scared to speak in front of the class in the beginning， but eventually I gained the confidence to do it.
开始我害怕在全班同学面前讲话，但最终我获得自信去演讲。
　　There are many respectable people around us.The first man 　　　　（come） to my mind is Uncle Li.Though his work may be boring， he never complains about it.During the pandemic， we reached a stage 　　　　 we must take immediate measures to stop the virus from spreading.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （他不仅继续工作而且花很多时间） taking people’s body temperature and checking the passes for exit and entry.Therefore， he 　　　　（elect） a role model in our community because of his selflessness and contributions. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　　　　。 2.②处应填　　　　。 3.③处用倒装语序应填　　　　　　　　　　　　。 4.④处应填　　　　　　。
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
【练通】 单句语法填空
①I feel it no use 　　　　　　　　　（complain）； instead， I should take action immediately.
②（2024·1月浙江卷）The chief 　　　　　（complain） about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
【写美】 微写作
③我想向你投诉贵宾馆的服务员弄坏了我的行李箱。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the waiter of your hotel broke my suitcase. （投诉信）
【归纳】
（1）complain （to sb） about （doing） sth　（向某人）抱怨（做）某事
complain that ... 抱怨……
（2）complaint n. 抱怨；投诉
make a complaint about ... 抱怨……
【佳句】 She complained to her manager about having to work overtime every weekend， explaining that it was affecting her personal life and causing her stress.
她向经理抱怨每个周末都要加班，并解释说这影响了她的个人生活，给她带来了压力。
句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
【教材原句】 A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.道德困境是指你有两个或更多困难选择的情况。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①随着旅游业的发展，安全问题日益成为旅游者关心的问题。
With the development of tourism， security is becoming a key point 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases.
→Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（合并为定语从句）
【归纳】
（1）当先行词是stage、 point、 case、 situation、 position、 job、 business、 scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语时，常用where引导定语从句。
（2）抽象名词后的定语从句若缺少主语或宾语则用that/which来引导。
【佳句】 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工可以在其中快乐工作的轻松氛围。
　　Personally， I think store shopping in the future will exist along with online shopping but will never 　　　　（replace） .In the physical store a shop assistant guides me to the shelf 　　　　 the goods are displayed.What’s more， surfing the Internet is 　　　　（harm） to our eyes. 微技能热身 1.①处应填　　　　。 2.②处应填　　　　。 3.③处应填　　　　。
replace vt.接替；取代；更换；放回原处
【练通】 单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned， it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them 　　　　　　　　snacks.
【写美】 微写作
②喜欢其他文化并向其学习是一件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。
It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them， but they can never 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
【归纳】
（1）replace sth with/by sth　用……替换……
（2） 代替
【佳句】 I replaced him as the leading role in the school drama， which came as a big shock to the class.
我取代他成为学校戏剧中的主角，这让全班同学大为震惊。
Part Ⅱ　二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1.sharp
A.adj.急剧的　B.adj.敏锐的 C.adj.锋利的
D.adj.犀利的，深刻的 E.adj.急转的 F.adj.声音突然而响亮的
①（2023·1月浙江卷）Suddenly， Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds， he’d slid down the trunk and was back on the ground. 　　　　　
②Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town. 　　　　　
③I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. 　　　　　
④（2023·全国甲卷）The Socrates Express is a fun， sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire， loneliness， and aging. 　　　　　
⑤I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes， who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. 　　　　　
⑥The shears aren’t sharp enough to cut the grass. 　　　　　
2.词义猜测
①（2022·全国乙卷）Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient （高效） across the board. 　　　　　
②（2022·全国甲卷）When you put them down between bites， always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 　　　　　
③Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. 　　　　　
④The dog was chained to the leg of the one solid garden seat. 　　　　　
⑤When we tear one page from the calendar， it means our life has been shortened by one day. 　　　　　
⑥I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors. 　　　　　
维度二 写作词汇夯实 ——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
单句语法填空
1.（2025·湖北协作体联考）The students seemed to be expecting another boring and dull English lesson， some dropping their eyes and some 　　　　　　（whisper） in the back rows.
2.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a 　　　　　　（publish） artist.
3.（2023·全国乙卷）I tend 　　　　　　（travel） with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
4.（2023·全国乙卷）There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing 　　　　　　（harm） gases， such as carbon dioxide.
5.A great deal of waste 　　　　　　（pour） into the river since then， 　　　　　　（poison） it completely.
6.Greatly surprised by her 　　　　　　（respond）， I left with a mixture of gratitude， respect and shame.
7.We have reached a stage 　　　　　　we must take effective measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves.
8.（2022·全国甲卷）Unfortunately， as our economy advances， recent years 　　　　　（see） the oceans being polluted.
Part Ⅲ　三维写作提能
感谢信——学生会主席
　　假定你是李华，你最近被任命为学生会主席。请你给学校领导Chris写一封感谢信。
第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.我写信感谢您任命我为学生会主席。（appoint）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.我将是第一个帮助那些有困难的学生解决他们问题的人。（the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to solve their problems.
3.我将耐心回答其他人的问题，并且不遗余力地提供许多实用的建议。（a great deal of）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.我不害怕面对各种困难。（scare）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.通过我巨大的努力，我相信没有人会是比我更负责、更称职的主席了。（“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义）
Through my great efforts， I believe 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
Dear Chris，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮词 情感描写：dilemma， complain， passive， scared， sharp， in memory of， in tears， in despair， tension
人物描写：moral， virtue， precious， energetic， pregnant， flexible， appoint， elect， whisper， pass away， assist， replace
美句 ①As a five-year-old girl， Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death.At age 18， instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to work and study. （人物描写） ②She was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical research on care for women and children， and training the next generation of doctors. （动作描写） ③Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems. （哲理感悟）
情感描写之“不安”和“绝望”
词汇 美句
单词 形容词：helpless， hopeless， desperate， uneasy ①The constant uncertainty about the future filled Mark with uneasiness. 对未来持续的不确定性使马克感到不安。 ②Lying awake at night， Clara felt the weight of despair pressing down on her. 克拉拉晚上躺在床上睡不着，她感到绝望的重压压在她身上。 ③The sudden loss of his job left Tom in a state of uneasiness. 突然失业使汤姆处于一种不安的状态。
名词：helplessness， hopelessness， desperation， despair， uneasiness
词块 ①in despair 绝望地 ②with growing uneasiness 越来越不安 ③decline one’s head in despair 垂头丧气 ④abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望 ⑤sb’s heart be torn with despair 绝望得撕心裂肺
情境导语 托德一行人在山里迷了路，夜幕降临，他们深感绝望和不安……
第一步　完成句子
1.他们在山里迷了路，只好不安地等待救援。（副词）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.随着夜色渐深，他们变得越来越不安。（形容词）
As the evening wore on， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.树林开始起雾了，他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬，这无疑使他们更加绝望。
→Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（非限制性定语从句）
→Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（分词短语作状语）
4.托德看着四周的黑暗，他深感绝望。（分词短语作状语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.一想到再也见不到家人，玛丽陷入绝望，心都要碎了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二步　连句成文
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　（2023·全国乙卷阅读理解B）Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape （风景） can be quite a challenge， mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar， either farm fields or highways， sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.To make some of my landscape shots， I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
　　One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake， Wisconsin， to climb the purple quartz （石英） rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks， we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However， we did not mark the route （路线） so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place， it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still， looking back on the photos， they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest？（　　）
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
25.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author？（　　）
A.Proper time management.
B.Good shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit.
D.Distinctive styles.
26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake？（　　）
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
27.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake？（　　）
A.Amusing.　　　　　B.Satisfying.
C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1.landscape n.　风景
2.character n. （地方的）特色，特性
3.destination n. 目的地
4.sunset n. 日落
5.position n. 位置
6.background n.背景
7.mark v. 做标记
8.route n. 路线
（二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇
1.specialize v.[派生词] 专门从事 （special＋-ize）
2.photographer n.[派生词] 摄影师 （photograph＋-er）
3.variation n.[派生词] 变化 （vary＋-ation）
4.decisive adj.[派生词] 决定性的，关键的 （decide＋-ive）
5.crazy-looking adj.[合成词] 看起来疯狂的 （crazy＋looking）
6.stressful adj.[派生词] 充满压力的，紧张的 （stress＋-ful）
7.management n.[派生词] 管理 （manage＋-ment）
8.adventurous adj.[派生词] 有冒险精神的 （adventure＋-ous）
（三）由文本积主题词块
1.become a photographer 成为一名摄影师
2.travel with friends 和朋友们旅行
3.on the spot 在现场
4.beautiful sunsets 美丽的日落
5.mark the route 标记路线
6.manage time wisely 明智地管理时间
7.miss the moment 错过（恰当的）时刻
（四）由文本知变式运用
1.近义替换（用文中的词汇替换）
①different character→　　　　　
②many rocks→　　　　　
2.熟词生义（文中生义）
①shot [熟义] n.开枪，射击； [生义] n.照片
Still， looking back on the photos， they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
②shoot [熟义] v.开（枪），射（箭）； [生义] v.拍摄，摄影
To make some of my landscape shots， I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.
（五）由文本学靓丽表达
1.Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（可能是一个相当大的挑战）.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我错过了许多美丽的日落/日出） due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
3.The position 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（使我们可以俯瞰湖泊） with the sunset in the background.
（六）由文本学长难句分析
　Still， looking back on the photos， they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。主句结构为　　　　；动词-ing短语looking back on the photos 作　　　　状语；though引导　　　　状语从句，从句中包含if引导的　　　　状语从句。
参考译文：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
【考点·多维突破】
Part Ⅰ
考点新语境（一）
[微技能热身]　1.as　2.marriage　3.appointed　4.taking care of
1.①majority　②the majority of students tend to learn English
2.①appointment； to pick　②you have been appointed as/to be chairman of
考点新语境（二）
[微技能热身]　1.否定词＋比较级　2.scared　3.nor
3.①scared　②scary； of　③I was nearly scared to death
考点新语境（三）
[微技能热身]　1.to come　2.where　3.Not only did he keep working but he also spent a great deal of time　4.was elected
4.①complaining　②complaint
③I’d like to complain/make a complaint to you that
5.①that/which tourists are concerned about　②where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly
考点新语境（四）
[微技能热身]　1.be replaced　2.where　3.harmful
6.①with/by　②replace your own culture
Part Ⅱ
维度一
1.①F　②A　③E　④D　⑤B　⑥C
2.①n.运行；操作　②n.（咬下的）一口　③adj.微弱的
④vt.用锁链拴住　⑤vt.撕掉　⑥n.寓意
维度二
1.whispering　2.published　3.to travel　4.harmful
5.has been poured； poisoning　6.response　7.where　8.have seen
Part Ⅲ
应用文写作增分练
第一步
1.I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your appointing me as chairman of the Students’ Union.
2.I will be the first one to assist those students in trouble
3.I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice.
4.I am not scared to face various hardships.
5.nobody will be a more responsible and qualified chairman than me
第二步
Dear Chris，
I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your appointing me as chairman of the Students’ Union.
I will be the first one to assist those students in trouble to solve their problems.Firstly， I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice. Moreover， I am not scared to face various hardships.
Through my great efforts，I believe nobody will be a more responsible and qualified chairman than me.Looking forward to your early reply！
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
读后续写微技能
第一步
1.Lost in the mountain， they had nothing to do but wait for rescue uneasily.
2.they grew increasingly/more and more uneasy
3.which undoubtedly made them even more desperate； undoubtedly making them even more desperate
4.Gazing at the darkness around him， Tod was consumed by a feeling of despair.
5.The thought of never seeing her family again abandoned Mary to despair.Her heart was torn with despair.
第二步
　　Lost in the mountain， they had nothing to do but wait for rescue uneasily. As the evening wore on， they grew increasingly/more and more uneasy. Worse still/Even worse， fog began creeping into the forest. Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness， undoubtedly making them even more desperate/which undoubtedly made them even more desperate. Gazing at the darkness around him， Tod was consumed by a feeling of despair. The thought of never seeing her family again abandoned Mary to despair. Her heart was torn with despair.
【素养·培育落实】
一、做真题
24.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的To make some of my landscape shots ...the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.可知，作者和他的朋友们到州立公园或乡村去拍摄，以此来应对中西部缺少地理多样性的挑战。
25.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，恰当的地点和恰当的时间对于拍摄任何风格的照片都起着决定性的作用。由此可知，作者认为风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。
26.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的However， we did not mark the route （路线） ...it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.可知，作者他们几乎完全错过了日落，之后安置拍摄设备的时间就非常有限了，也就是说他们到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。
27.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，虽然有准备不充分和时间管理不明智等方面的遗憾，作者依然认为这是一些自己拍摄的最好的照片。由此可推知，作者对自己拍摄的照片很满意。
三、再利用
（四）1.①distinctive　②a bunch of
（五）1.can be quite a challenge
2.I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises
3.enabled us to look over the lake
（六）主系表　时间　让步　条件　尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍是我拍得最好的一些照片。然而，如果我当时能准备充分并明智地管理时间，它们本可以拍得更好一些。
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UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
01
晨背
积累沉淀
02
基础
夯实过关
03
考点
多维突破
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
04
素养
培育落实
05
技能
锤炼提升
1
晨背·积累沉淀
高效用时，积少成多
写作词汇运用
词块记忆
1. be faced with a moral dilemma 面对道德困境
2. a traditional virtue 一种传统美德
3. feel nervous and faint 感到紧张眩晕
4. a precious opportunity to realise my dream 实现我梦想的一个宝贵的
机会
5. entrust the task to sb 把这项任务交付给某人
6. turn to his colleagues for help 向他的同事求助
7. open a private clinic 开一家私人诊所
8. live in a faraway village 住在一个遥远的村庄
9. in the last few decades 在过去的几十年里
10. publish reference books 出版工具书
11. stick to your principles 恪守你的道德原则
12. be bitten by a snake in the bush 在灌木丛中被蛇咬了
13. as chairman of the Students’ Union 作为学生会主席
14. with tears spilling out of his eyes 他的泪水夺眶而出
15. be overcome by fear and despair 被恐惧和绝望所征服
16. tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
①tend （to） my mother with great care in the hospital 在医院里对我母
亲照顾得很好
②tend to get angry 容易生气
语境记忆
plain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
In times of difficulty， what we need is not complaining about it to each
other but understanding of each other.
困难时期，我们需要的不是相互抱怨而是相互理解。
18. whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n.耳语（声）；低语
（声）；传言；谣传
Franklin cupped his hands over Tom’s ear and began whispering his
plan.　（动作细节）
富兰克林双手围成杯状在汤姆耳边低声讲起他的计划。
19. tear n.眼泪；泪水vt.撕破
Overwhelmed with an enormous sense of gratitude， I was almost moved
to tears.　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
我感到无比感激，几乎感动得流下泪来。
阅读词汇明义
快速一览
1. illustrate vt.（举例）说明；阐明；给（书或文章）加插图
2. tuition n.（小组）教学；讲课
3. staff n.员工；全体职员
4. kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园
5. passive adj.被动的；顺从的
6. insurance n.保险；保险业
7. import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
8. export n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
9. pole n.（行星的）极；地极
10. lap n.（坐着时的）大腿部；（跑道等的）一圈
11. café n.咖啡馆；小餐馆
12. waitress n.（餐馆的）女服务员；女侍者
13. pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
14. disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具
15. maple n.枫树；槭树
16. cart n.手推车；运货马车
17. limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
18. might n.力量；威力
19. fable n.寓言；寓言故事
20. the North/South Pole 北极/南极教材例句
21. （外研选择性必修第四册）Of course， the greatest dilemmas arise
from moral problems， when we are uncertain which choice results in
doing the right thing.　n.进退两难的境地；困境
22. （北师大选择性必修第四册）At the age of 21， when Hawking
spent his first year at the University of Cambridge， physicians
discovered he had a rare， slow-progressing form of ALS. 　n.医师；
（尤指）内科医生
派生词汇识记
1. marriage n.结婚；婚姻→marry v.（和某人）结婚；嫁；娶
2. majority n.大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程
3. complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨；投诉
4. respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n.反应；回
答；回复
5. scholarship n.奖学金→scholar n.学者
6. reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n.拒绝接受；否决
7. appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n.约会；任命；委任
→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
8. elect vt.选举；推选→election n.选举；推选；当选
9. tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n.趋势；趋向
10. retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.
退休的
11. saving n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.] 储蓄金；存款→save vt.
救；节省；储蓄
12. scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使
害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.令人恐惧的
13. sharp adj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply
adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高→sharpener n.
卷笔刀；磨具；削具
14. energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n.精力；活力；
能量
15. accident n.事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的
→accidentally adv.偶然地
16. operation n.手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；
操作；运转→operator n.操作员；话务员；经营者
17. assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n.助理；助手→assistance n.帮助；
援助
18. harm n.& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有
害地→harmless adj.无害的
第一组
1. carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2. tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3. first aid 急救
4. pass away 去世
5. in memory of 作为对……的纪念
6. trip over 被……绊倒
7. in tears 流着泪；含着泪
8. in despair 处于绝望中
9. a great deal （of） 大量
第二组
1. entrust me with that life 把生命托付给我
2. reject the offer 拒绝那项提议
3. in need of help 需要帮助
4. play a key role 发挥主要作用
5. leave her savings to a kindergarten and a fund
把她的积蓄留给一所幼儿园和一项基金
6. disguise himself 伪装他自己
7. make an attempt to move it 尝试移动它
8. with all her might 她竭尽全力
1. 句式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
原句：A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more
difficult choices to make.
道德困境是指你有两个或更多困难选择的情况。
2. 句式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
原句：To a person nothing is more precious than their life ...对一个人
来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
3. see意为“见证”的拟人用法
原句：The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing
a key role.
新中国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。
4. 句式：neither ... nor ...既不……也不……
原句：Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of
the road.
她和她的朋友们都没有想着把石头从路上挪走。
2
基础·夯实过关
默写查验，巧学活用
（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快
阅读单词知意
请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。
□1.moral adj.道德的；道义上的
n.　　品行；道德；寓意
□2.dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困境
□3.illustrate vt.（举例）说明；阐明；给（书或文章）加插图
□4.entrust vt.委托；交付
□5.tuition n.（小组）教学；讲课
□6.physician n.医师；（尤指）内科医生
□7.kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园
□8.principle n.道德原则；法则；原则
□9.passive adj.被动的；顺从的
□10.insurance n.保险；保险业
□11.pole n.（行星的）极；地极
□12.lap n.（坐着时的）大腿部；（跑道等的）一圈
□13.café n.咖啡馆；小餐馆
□14.pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
□15.disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖
n.伪装；化装用具
□16.maple n.枫树；槭树
□17.cart n.手推车；运货马车
□18.limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
□19.might n.力量；威力
□20.fable n.寓言；寓言故事
核心单词练通
1. vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
2. n.协会；联合会；工会
3. vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n.租借；租用
4. n.同事；同僚
5. n.诊所；门诊部
6. n.十年；十年期
7. adv.在别处；去别处
8. vt.发表（作品）；出版
faint　
union　
hire　
colleague　
clinic　
decade　
elsewhere　
publish　
9. n.员工；全体职员
10. vt.接替；取代；更换
11. n.子夜；午夜
12. vt.& vi.咬；叮；蜇
n.咬；（咬下的）一口；咬伤
staff　
replace　
midnight　
bite　
13. n.一连串（人或事）；链子；链条
14. vt.& vi.（使）洒出；（使）溢出
15. n.（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭
16. n.收入；收益
17. （2023·1月浙江卷）The activity lasted for the whole day and I felt
greatly lucky to have such a （宝贵的） chance.
18. （2023·全国乙卷）Several studies have backed this up and found
that indoor plants can improve creativity， focus and （记忆力）.
chain　
spill　
court　
income　
precious　
memory　
19. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） When I came to my senses， （眼
泪） of excitement came to my eyes.
20. （2022·全国乙卷） （因此）， students should spare
more time for English reading rather than watching movies or listening to
music too much.
21. Helping others is always considered as a sort of traditional
Chinese （美德）.
22. If you want to succeed， you need to be more （灵活
的） and creative in your approach.
tears　
Therefore　
virtue　
flexible　
23. She （低语） to me that she felt very afraid at the
party.
24. My parents lived in a small （遥远的） village in the
north.
whispered　
faraway　
拓展单词用活
1. n.结婚；婚姻→ v.（和某人）结婚；
嫁；娶
2. n.大部分；大多数→ adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.
主修课程
3. vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→ n.反
应；回答；回复
4. vt.拒绝接受；不录用→ n.拒绝接受；否决
marriage　
marry　
majority　
major　
respond　
response　
reject　
rejection　
5. adj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的；突然
转向的；敏锐的；尖锐的→ adv.急剧地；严厉地
→ vt.削尖；磨快；使提高
6. n.& vt.伤害；损害→ adj.有害的
→ adj.无害的
7. n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→ adj.紧张的；
（尤指肌肉、身体）拉紧的 n.（动词的）时态
8. n.事故；车祸；失事→ adj.意外的；偶
然的→ adv.偶然地
sharp　
sharply　
sharpen　
harm　
harmful　
harmless　
tension　
tense　
accident　
accidental　
accidentally　
拓展单词用活
9. The resident physician often about his working
conditions and I’m tired of his .（complain）
10. Seeing the wolf， the children were ， but
some adults managed to the beast off.（scare）
11. Doctors on the injured person immediately and
the was very successful.（operate）
12. When he needed someone him， his came
to his .（assist）
complains　
complaints　
scary　
scared　
scare　
operated　
operation　
to assist　
assistant　
assistance　
13. He is a man who is full of .Whenever I come across him，
he is always and in high spirits.（energy）
14. Mary and I had a time to meet at the shopping center，
but she failed to keep the ， so I was very angry.
（appoint）
energy
energetic　
appointed　
appointment　
（二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效
先
写
对 1. 帮助某
人渡过难关 2. 　　学费 3. 　　易于做某
事；往往会发生某事 4. 　　急救 5. 　　去世 6. 　　　　
作为对……的纪念
7. 　被……绊倒
8. 　流着泪；含着泪
9. 　　处于绝望中
10. 　大量
carry sb through sth　
tuition fees　
tend to do sth　
first aid　
pass away　
in memory of　
trip over　
in tears　
in despair　
a great deal （of）　
再
用
准 根据语境选用上面短语填空
1.At the age of 98， the great Chinese scientist ，
which was a great loss to our country.
2.It was my headteacher’s encouragement and trust that
me the hardships in my life and study.
3.With the popularity of the Internet， we spend more
time looking at our screens than the person in front of us.
passed away　
carried　
through　
tend to　
（三）破解构词密码——知规律·巧记忆
形容词后缀-ic/-（a）tic
密
码
解
读 含义 表示“属于……的，具有……性质的”
例
词 ①energy精力→energetic精力充沛的　　　　
②drama戏剧→dramatic巨大的；戏剧性的
③sympathy 同情→sympathetic 有同情心的　　
④organ器官；机构→organic有机的
⑤enthusiasm热情→enthusiastic热情的　　
⑥history历史→historic有历史意义的
⑦science科学→scientific科学的　　⑧system系统→systematic系统的
⑨base基础→basic基本的　　
⑩optimism乐观；乐观主义→optimistic 乐观的
即
时
演
练 1.Eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients provides the energy needed to maintain an （energy） lifestyle throughout the day.
2.Despite the challenges we face， the manager remains （optimism） about the future of our company.His optimism keeps our team motivated.
3.She’s such a （sympathy） lady that a sad movie always stirs up her sympathy.
4.Online education is a （system） project， and the
network teaching platform is an important component.
energetic　
optimistic　
sympathetic　
systematic　
（四）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 巩固练习
1.句型公式：“否定词
＋比较级”表达最高级
含义 教材原句：To a person
nothing is more
precious than their
life ... 1.没有什么比躺在草地中央仰望星空更令人
愉悦的事了。
lying on
the middle of the grassland and staring at the
night sky.
There is no greater pleasure than　
句型公式 巩固练习
2.句型公式：the＋序数词
＋名词＋to do sth 教材原句：She immediately
became the first woman ever
to be hired as a resident
physician in the OB-GYN
department of the PUMC
Hospital. 2.我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅
是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上
最伟大的宇航员之一。
I would really like to interview Yang
Liwei because he is not only
but also one of
the greatest astronauts in the world.
the first
Chinese to go to space　
句型公式 巩固练习
3.句型公式：see意为“见
证”的拟人用法 教材原句：The new People’s Republic of China
saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a
key role. 3.上周日，我们学校举行了一场篮球友
谊赛，它旨在促进我们的团队合作，丰
富我们的校园生活。

in our school，which
is aimed at boosting our teamwork and
enriching our campus lives.　（活动介
绍）
Last Sunday witnessed a friendly
basketball match　
句型公式 巩固练习
4.句型公式：独立主格结构 教材原句：After a while， a
group of women came
along， each balancing a pot
of water on her head. 4.她紧紧地抱住贴心的双胞胎，双眸满
是泪水。
She hugged the caring twins
tightly，
.
her eyes filled with/full of
tears　
3
考点·多维突破
精讲精练，突破重难
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Lin Qiaozhi， known 　　　 the “mother of ten
thousand babies”， had delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.When she was 18 years old， she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 　　 （marry） like the majority of girls.Though 　　 （appoint） to hold many important positions， she was more interested in tending patients.Dr Lin didn’t retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983.
as　
marriage
appointed
taking care of
微技能热身
1.①处应填 。
2.②处应填 　。
3.③处应填 。
4.④处加蓝词与短语 同义。
majority n.大部分；大多数
【练通】 单句语法填空
①With the final exam approaching， the （major） of
students are under much pressure and work very hard.
majority　
【写美】 微写作
②最近的一项调查显示，大多数学生倾向于通过听英语歌曲来学
习英语。
A recent survey suggests that
by listening to English songs.　（语言学习）
the majority of students tend to learn
English　
【归纳】
（1）the majority of ...　大多数……
be in the majority　　占多数
（2）major n.　　专业
v.　　主修
major in　　主修……；以……为专业
【佳句】 I love painting very much.I started learning painting at an early
age and chose painting art and history as my major in college.我非常喜
欢画画。我很小就开始学习绘画，大学时选择了绘画艺术和历史作为
我的专业。
appoint vt.任命；委派；安排
【练通】 单句语法填空
①I have something urgent to handle and therefore， I have to cancel
the （appoint） with you， and I will appoint my
brother （pick） you up at the airport.
appointment　
to pick　
【写美】 微写作
②得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that the
Students’ Association， I sincerely congratulate you.　（祝贺信）
you have been appointed as/to be chairman of　
【归纳】
（1）appoint sb as/to be ...　　任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth　　委派某人做某事
（2）appointment n.　　任命；约会
make an appointment with sb　与某人约会
keep/break an appointment　　守约/违约
【佳句】 I have to apologise to you for not being able to accompany you
to the bookshop at the appointed time.我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能
在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
Hearing the roar of the helicopter， we were so excited that we
cried out of joy. There was no music more pleasant than it. We got on the helicopter， whose loud sound 　　　　 （scare） the bear off for a moment.However， three minutes later， the bear was found making its way to our kitchen to search for the bread.Frightened as we were， neither Ellie 　　　　 I regretted this adventure.
微技能热身
1.句①为“ ”表示最高级含义。
2.②处应填 　。
3.③处应填 。
否定词＋比较级
scared
nor　
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Having realised my mistake， I bowed my head timidly，
（scare） to look at my father’s cloudy face.　（心理描写）
②After watching a （scare） film in the cinema， she was
scared walking home alone and therefore， she called a taxi.
scared　
scary　
of　
【写美】 微写作
③当我意识到那头熊又回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。
When I realised that the bear was coming back to attack us，
.
I was
nearly scared to death　
【归纳】
（1）scare sb into doing sth　恐吓某人做某事
（2）scared adj.　　害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be scared to do sth　　害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb/sth　　害怕某人/某事
be scared to death　　吓得要死
（3）scary adj.　　吓人的；恐怖的
【佳句】 I was scared to speak in front of the class in the beginning，
but eventually I gained the confidence to do it.
开始我害怕在全班同学面前讲话，但最终我获得自信去演讲。
There are many respectable people around us.The first
man 　　　　 （come） to my mind is Uncle Li.Though his work may be boring， he never complains about it.During the pandemic， we reached a stage 　　　　 we must take immediate measures to stop the virus from spreading. 　　　　　　　　　 （他
不仅继续工作而且花很多时间） taking people’s body temperature and checking the passes for exit and entry.Therefore， he 　　 （elect） a role model in our community because of his selflessness and contributions.
微技能热身
1.①处应填 。
2.②处应填 。
3.③处用倒装语序应填
。
4.④处应填 。
to come
where　
Not only did he keep working but he also spent a great deal of time
was elected
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
【练通】 单句语法填空
①I feel it no use （complain）； instead， I should
take action immediately.
②（2024·1月浙江卷）The chief （complain） about
online courses is that they lack human interaction.
complaining　
complaint　
【写美】 微写作
③我想向你投诉贵宾馆的服务员弄坏了我的行李箱。
the waiter of your
hotel broke my suitcase.　（投诉信）
I’d like to complain/make a complaint to you that　
【归纳】
（1）complain （to sb） about （doing） sth　（向某人）抱怨（做）
某事
complain that ...　　抱怨……
（2）complaint n.　　抱怨；投诉
make a complaint about ... 抱怨……
【佳句】 She complained to her manager about having to work
overtime every weekend， explaining that it was affecting her personal life
and causing her stress.
她向经理抱怨每个周末都要加班，并解释说这影响了她的个人生活，
给她带来了压力。
句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
【教材原句】 A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or
more difficult choices to make.
道德困境是指你有两个或更多困难选择的情况。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①随着旅游业的发展，安全问题日益成为旅游者关心的问题。
With the development of tourism， security is becoming a key
point .
②Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to
use the language properly in the cases.
→Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases
.　（合并为定语从句）
that/which tourists are concerned about　
where/in which beginners
of English fail to use the language properly　
【归纳】
（1）当先行词是stage、 point、 case、 situation、 position、 job、
business、 scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语
时，常用where引导定语从句。
（2）抽象名词后的定语从句若缺少主语或宾语则用that/which来引
导。
【佳句】 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere
where his employees enjoy their work.
公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工可以在其中快乐工作的轻松氛围。
　　Personally， I think store shopping in the future
will exist along with online shopping but will
never 　　　　 （replace） .In the physical store a
shop assistant guides me to the shelf 　　　　 the
goods are displayed.What’s more， surfing the
Internet is 　　　　 （harm） to our eyes. 微技能热身
1.①处应填
。
2.②处应
填 。
3.③处应
填 。
be
replaced　
where　
harmful　
replace vt.接替；取代；更换；放回原处
【练通】 单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned， it is not a good idea to miss meals and
replace them snacks.
with/by　
【写美】 微写作
②喜欢其他文化并向其学习是一件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己
的文化。
It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them， but they can
never .
replace your own culture　
【归纳】
（1）replace sth with/by sth　用……替换……
（2） 　　代替
【佳句】 I replaced him as the leading role in the school drama， which
came as a big shock to the class.我取代他成为学校戏剧中的主角，这让
全班同学大为震惊。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1. sharp
A. adj.急剧的　　　 B. adj.敏锐的
C. adj.锋利的　　 D. adj.犀利的，深刻的
E. adj.急转的　　 F. adj.声音突然而响亮的
①（2023·1月浙江卷）Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within
seconds， he’d slid down the trunk and was back on the
ground.　
②Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening
throughout the town.　
③I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the
left.　
F　
A　
E　
④（2023·全国甲卷）The Socrates Express is a fun， sharp book that
draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in
deeper thoughts on desire， loneliness， and aging.　
⑤I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes， who kept
watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her
lap.　
⑥The shears aren’t sharp enough to cut the grass. 　
D　
B　
C　
2. 词义猜测
①（2022·全国乙卷）Costs would be cut and operations would be more
efficient （高效） across the board.　
②（2022·全国甲卷）When you put them down between bites， always
put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in
front of you.　
③Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-
half hours.　
n.运行；操作　
n.（咬下的）一口　
adj.微弱的　
④The dog was chained to the leg of the one solid garden seat.　

⑤When we tear one page from the calendar， it means our life has been
shortened by one day.　
⑥I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own
behaviors.　
vt.用
锁链拴住　
vt.撕掉　
n.寓意　
维度二 写作词汇夯实　——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
单句语法填空
1. （2025·湖北协作体联考）The students seemed to be expecting
another boring and dull English lesson， some dropping their eyes and
some （whisper） in the back rows.
2. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）The winning stories would go into our kiosk and
then you would be a （publish） artist.
whispering　
published　
3. （2023·全国乙卷）I tend （travel） with a few of my
friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take
photos along the way.
4. （2023·全国乙卷）There is also research showing that pot plants can
clean the air around them by removing （harm） gases，
such as carbon dioxide.
5. A great deal of waste （pour） into the river since
then， （poison） it completely.
to travel　
harmful　
has been poured　
poisoning　
6. Greatly surprised by her （respond）， I left with a
mixture of gratitude， respect and shame.
7. We have reached a stage we must take effective measures to
protect the environment so as to save ourselves.
8. （2022·全国甲卷）Unfortunately， as our economy advances，
recent years （see） the oceans being polluted.
response　
where　
have seen　
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
感谢信——学生会主席
　　假定你是李华，你最近被任命为学生会主席。请你给学校领导
Chris写一封感谢信。
第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1. 我写信感谢您任命我为学生会主席。（appoint）


2. 我将是第一个帮助那些有困难的学生解决他们问题的人。（the＋
序数词＋名词＋to do sth）
to solve their
problems.
I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your appointing me as
chairman of the Students’ Union.
I will be the first one to assist those students in trouble　
3. 我将耐心回答其他人的问题，并且不遗余力地提供许多实用的建
议。（a great deal of）


4. 我不害怕面对各种困难。（scare）

I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare no effort to provide
a great deal of practical advice.
I am not scared to face various hardships.
5. 通过我巨大的努力，我相信没有人会是比我更负责、更称职的主席
了。　（“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义）
Through my great efforts， I believe
.
nobody will be a more responsible
and qualified chairman than me　
第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
Dear Chris，






I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your appointing me
as chairman of the Students’ Union.
I will be the first one to assist those students in trouble to solve their
problems.Firstly， I will respond to others’ questions patiently and spare
no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice. Moreover， I am not
scared to face various hardships.



　Yours sincerely，
　 Li Hua
Through my great efforts，I believe nobody will be a more
responsible and qualified chairman than me.Looking forward to your early
reply！
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮
词 情感描写：dilemma， complain， passive， scared， sharp， in
memory of， in tears， in despair， tension
人物描写：moral， virtue， precious， energetic， pregnant，
flexible， appoint， elect， whisper， pass away， assist， replace
美
句 ①As a five-year-old girl， Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her
mother’s death.At age 18， instead of following the traditional path
of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to work and study.　
（人物描写）
②She was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical
research on care for women and children， and training the next
generation of doctors.　（动作描写）
③Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and
expect others to solve their problems.　（哲理感悟）
情感描写之“不安”和“绝望”
词汇 单
词 形容词：helpless， hopeless， desperate， uneasy
名词：helplessness， hopelessness， desperation， despair， uneasiness
词
块 ①in despair 绝望地
②with growing uneasiness 越来越不安
③decline one’s head in despair 垂头丧气
④abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望
⑤sb’s heart be torn with despair 绝望得撕心裂肺
美句
①The constant uncertainty about the future filled Mark with uneasiness.
对未来持续的不确定性使马克感到不安。
②Lying awake at night， Clara felt the weight of despair pressing down on her.
克拉拉晚上躺在床上睡不着，她感到绝望的重压压在她身上。
③The sudden loss of his job left Tom in a state of uneasiness.
突然失业使汤姆处于一种不安的状态。
情境导语 托德一行人在山里迷了路，夜幕降临，他们深感绝望和不
安……　
第一步　完成句子
1. 他们在山里迷了路，只好不安地等待救援。　（副词）


Lost in the mountain， they had nothing to do but wait for rescue
uneasily.
2. 随着夜色渐深，他们变得越来越不安。　（形容词）
As the evening wore on， .
they grew increasingly/more and more uneasy
3. 树林开始起雾了，他们周围的一切都被黑暗吞噬，这无疑使他们更
加绝望。
→Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was
swallowed by the darkness，
.　（非限制性定语从句）
→Fog began creeping into the forest.Everything around them was
swallowed by the darkness，
.　（分词短语作状语）
which undoubtedly made them even more
desperate　
undoubtedly making them even more
desperate　
4. 托德看着四周的黑暗，他深感绝望。　（分词短语作状语）


5. 一想到再也见不到家人，玛丽陷入绝望，心都要碎了。


　Gazing at the darkness around him， Tod was consumed by a feeling of
despair.　
The thought of never seeing her family again abandoned Mary to despair.
Her heart was torn with despair.
第二步　连句成文
　　







　　 　Lost in the mountain， they had nothing to do but wait for rescue
uneasily. As the evening wore on， they grew increasingly/more and more
uneasy. Worse still/Even worse， fog began creeping into the forest.
Everything around them was swallowed by the darkness， undoubtedly
making them even more desperate/which undoubtedly made them even
more desperate. Gazing at the darkness around him， Tod was consumed
by a feeling of despair. The thought of never seeing her family again
abandoned Mary to despair. Her heart was torn with despair.　
4
素养·培育落实
真题剖析，深度探究
　　 （2023·全国乙卷阅读理解B）Living in Iowa and trying to
become a photographer specializing in landscape （风景） can be quite a challenge， mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar， either
farm fields or highways， sometimes I find distinctive character in the
hills or lakes.To make some of my landscape shots， I have traveled up to
four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.I tend to travel
with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on
adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of
photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set
up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.I
have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot
only five minutes before the best moment.
　　One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake，
Wisconsin， to climb the purple quartz （石英） rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks， we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However， we did not mark the route （路线） so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place， it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still， looking back on the photos， they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape
photographer in the Midwest？（　　）
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
√
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的To make some of my landscape shots ...the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.可知，作者和他的朋友们到州立公园或乡村去拍摄，以此来应对中西部缺少地理多样性的挑战。
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the
author？（　　）
A. Proper time management.
B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，恰当的地点和恰当
的时间对于拍摄任何风格的照片都起着决定性的作用。由此可知，作
者认为风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。
√
26. What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s
Lake？（　　）
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
√
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段中的However， we did not mark
the route （路线） ...it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in
the limited time.可知，作者他们几乎完全错过了日落，之后安置拍摄
设备的时间就非常有限了，也就是说他们到达拍摄地点的时间比预期
的要晚。
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake？
（　　）
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，虽然有准备不
充分和时间管理不明智等方面的遗憾，作者依然认为这是一些自己拍
摄的最好的照片。由此可推知，作者对自己拍摄的照片很满意。
√
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. landscape n. 风景
2. character n. （地方的）特色，特性
3. destination n. 目的地
4. sunset n. 日落
5. position n. 位置
6. background n. 背景
7. mark v. 做标记
8. route n. 路线
（二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇
1. specialize v.[派生词] 专门从事 （special＋-ize）
2. photographer n.[派生词] 摄影师 （photograph＋-er）
3. variation n.[派生词] 变化 （vary＋-ation）
4. decisive adj.[派生词] 决定性的，关键的 （decide＋-ive）
5. crazy-looking adj.[合成词] 看起来疯狂的 （crazy＋looking）
6. stressful adj.[派生词] 充满压力的，紧张的 （stress＋-ful）
7. management n.[派生词] 管理 （manage＋-ment）
8. adventurous adj.[派生词] 有冒险精神的 （adventure＋-ous）
（三）由文本积主题词块
1. become a photographer 成为一名摄影师
2. travel with friends 和朋友们旅行
3. on the spot 在现场
4. beautiful sunsets 美丽的日落
5. mark the route 标记路线
6. manage time wisely 明智地管理时间
7. miss the moment 错过（恰当的）时刻
（四）由文本知变式运用
1. 近义替换（用文中的词汇替换）
①different character→
②many rocks→
distinctive　
a bunch of　
2. 熟词生义（文中生义）
①shot [熟义] n.开枪，射击； [生义] n.照片
Still， looking back on the photos， they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared
and managed my time wisely.
②shoot [熟义] v.开（枪），射（箭）； [生义] v.拍摄，摄影
To make some of my landscape shots， I have traveled up to four hours
away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.
（五）由文本学靓丽表达
1. Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in
landscape （可能是一个相当大的挑战）.
2. （我错过了许多
美丽的日落/日出） due to being on the spot only five minutes before the
best moment.
3. The position （使我们可以俯瞰
湖泊） with the sunset in the background.
can be quite a challenge　
I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises　
enabled us to look over the lake　
（六）由文本学长难句分析
　Still， looking back on the photos， they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared
and managed my time wisely.
结构分析：这是一个复合句。主句结构为 ；动词-ing短语
looking back on the photos 作 状语；though引导 状语
从句，从句中包含if引导的 状语从句。
参考译文：


主系表　
时间　
让步　
条件　
尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍是我拍得最好的一些
照片。然而，如果我当时能准备充分并明智地管理时间，它们本可以
拍得更好一些。　
5
技能·锤炼提升
统筹组合，全面训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2025·宁波联考）Penguin’s Who Was？ series tells the incredible
stories of trailblazers （开拓者）， legends， innovators， and
creators.The following are four books about them：
　　As a young girl， Selena Quintanilla sang in a band called Selena y
Los Dinos with her brother and sister.The family performed at fairs，
weddings， parties， and on street corners in their native Texas.Selena
learned how to sing in Spanish and soon became hugely popular within the
Latino community — and she became the best-selling Latin artist of the
1990s.
　　Who Was Selena？
　　Who Was Chuck Jones？
　　Charles Jones was an American animator， cartoon artist，
screenwriter， producer， and director of many classic animated cartoon
shorts.They starred Bugs Bunny， Daffy Duck， Pepé Le Pew， Porky
Pig and many other Warner Brothers characters.Jones won three Academy
Awards and received an honorary Oscar.His career spanned almost
seventy years， during which he made over 250 animated films.
　　Who Was Leif Erikson？
　　Leif Erikson was born to be an explorer.His father， Erik the Red，
had established the first European settlement in present-day Greenland，
and although he didn’t yet know it， Leif was destined to engage in a
risky journey of his own.The wise and striking Viking landed in the area
known as Vinland almost five centuries before Christopher Columbus even
set sail！
　　Who Is Ralph Lauren？
　　Born in the Bronx， even as a teenager Ralph Lauren was known for
his distinctive fashion sense， having a taste for both classic clothes and
traditional looks like beat-up leather jackets.He got his start in the fashion
business by selling ties that he designed.From ties he went on to create a
global fashion empire.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四本针对青少年的
西方名人传记图书。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四本针对青少年的
西方名人传记图书。
1. What is special about Selena？（　　）
A. She had a very long career.
B. She had a humble beginning.
C. She won two Academy Awards.
D. She made many animated films.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Who Was Selena？一书的介绍可知，
Selena最初曾跟着家人在家乡得克萨斯州的集市、婚礼、派对和街角
表演。由此可知，她演艺生涯的起步是卑微的。
√
2. What played a major role in Ralph Lauren’s business success？（　）
A. His special talent.
B. His great ambition.
C. His childhood experience.
D. His educational background.
√
解析：　细节理解题。根据Who Is Ralph Lauren？一书的介绍可
知，Ralph Lauren十几岁时就以其独特的时尚品味而闻名，他既喜欢
经典服装，也喜欢老式皮夹克等传统服装。由此可知，他对时尚及时
装有着独特的天赋。
3. Which would be the best choice for a teen with a spirit of adventure？
（　　）
A. Who Was Selena？
B. Who Was Chuck Jones？
C. Who Was Leif Erikson？
D. Who Is Ralph Lauren？
√
解析：　细节理解题。根据Who Was Leif Erikson？ 一书的介绍可
知，Leif Erikson以其冒险之旅而闻名，他在哥伦布起航前几乎五个世
纪就登陆了被称为文兰的地区。由此可知，有冒险精神的年轻人会对
他最感兴趣。
B
　　（2025·成都模拟）It was supposed to be a normal trip to the
supermarket.My son was little， and it was getting close to naptime， so I
was rushing to the cashier desk.However， when I went to start the car
and realized my keys were gone — I must have locked them in the trunk
with my bag.
　　I wasn’t sure what to do， so I took my son out of his car seat and
went back inside the store with my cart still full of groceries.I had to use
their phone to call my husband for the spare key.After multiple calls and
messages with no answer， I was getting frustrated.
　　An employee at the store — whose name was Kelly — tapped me on
the shoulder and took me to the Starbucks café that was inside the
store.She walked over to the counter and came back with one for me.I
told her how stupid I was， and she assured me it happened to a lot of
people.She said if I couldn’t get in touch with my husband， they would
call someone to get the trunk open.
　　After I got home that day， I kept thinking about what she had done
for me and wanted to do something for her.When I saw her working again
at the store， I told her how grateful I was.She would accept nothing in
return and just told me to “pay it forward”.
　　So， Kelly， these are the things that you have done because I was
thinking of your kindness as I did them：
　　Multiple doors held for people， letting someone ahead of me in
line， picking up trash that someone tossed on the ground， hitting
“yes” on the donation button at the checkout， helping a woman with
heavy bags， food donations， helping a stranger find her glasses， and
many others.
　　I am so glad I met Kelly that day.I am a better person because of my
encounter with Kelly.Who would have thought one act of kindness could
have so much of an effect on a person？
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从超市出来，发现自己把车钥
匙锁到了车里。当作者焦急万分时，一位热心的店员给她提供了无
微不至的帮助。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从超市出来，发现自己把车钥
匙锁到了车里。当作者焦急万分时，一位热心的店员给她提供了无
微不至的帮助。
4. What happened to the author？（　　）
A. She couldn’t open her car door.
B. She couldn’t pay for her groceries.
C. Something was wrong with her car.
D. Something was wrong with her son.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的when I went to start the car
and realized my keys were gone — I must have locked them in the trunk
with my bag可知，作者离开超市后发现自己找不到车钥匙了。
√
5. Which of the following can best describe Kelly？（　　）
A. Caring and kind-hearted.
B. Honest and hard-working.
C. Modest and strong-willed.
D. Patient and open-minded.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，超市店员Kelly不但安慰了
作者，而且给她买了一杯星巴克咖啡。由此可推知，Kelly既有爱心又
非常善良。
√
6. What did Kelly advise the author to do by saying “pay it forward”？
（　　）
A. Take good care of herself.
B. Forget what she had done.
C. Do something nice to others.
D. Pay for someone’s purchases.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第四至六段可知，Kelly不接受任何回
报，而是建议作者pay it forward——作者接下来做了大量的好事。由
此可知，这里的pay it forward是建议作者去多做好事。
√
7. What does the author intend to show by writing Paragraph 6？
（　　）
A. How she spent her daily life.
B. How she has been affected.
C. She led a very busy life indeed.
D. She has done many good deeds.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后两段可推知，作者列举自己做的这
些好事，是为了说明Kelly的善良给自己带来的积极影响和改变。
√
C
　　（2025·青岛适应性检测）For much of human history， ethical
behaviour has been guided by the Golden Rule： Do to others as you
would have them do to you. But the rule is imperfect. What you want in a
given situation may not be what another person desires at all.
　　In the medical field， making or influencing choices for others can
make all the difference. Such choices impact people’s quality of life and
even their chances of survival. As health care becomes more individualized， the time seems right for a new ethical guideline — the “Platinum （白金） Rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov： Do to others as they would want done to themselves.
　　Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year.
He begins with a story about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen， who
was severely disabled.The care doctor， after seeing her twisted （扭曲
的） body， was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he
asked Chochinov a strange question： Did Ellen read magazines？ “The
question was frightening，” Chochinov writes.
“This was not an attempt to get to know Ellen but rather a way to decide
if hers was a life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many
simple pleasures of life， but the gap between her life as a person who
uses a wheelchair and the doctor’s sense of what he would want in her
situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule. “That’s when
judging from where you stand what another might need or want begins to
break down，” Chochinov explained.
　　Time is a limited resource in the health care system， and there’s no
denying that getting to know a patient as an individual means investing
additional minutes or hours. Still， Chochinov believes such investment is
cost-effective. There are benefits for doctors as well. When they
emotionally connect to their patients， they do a better job.
　　In certain cases， doctors may find it hard to apply the Platinum
Rule. But there is value in the effort： At the very least， their trying to
work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the
wisdom of their choices.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了医学领域实施的“白金
法则”，作者认为实施这种法则的努力是有价值的，可以确保医生
们努力解决问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了医学领域实施的“白金
法则”，作者认为实施这种法则的努力是有价值的，可以确保医生
们努力解决问题。
8. Why is the Platinum Rule introduced to the medical field？（　　）
A. To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment.
B. To help doctors acquire accurate information.
C. To increase chances of survival for patients.
D. To make person-centered care accessible to patients.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，将“白金法则”引入医学
领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。
√
9. What can we learn from Ellen’s story？（　　）
A. A health crisis caused her disability.
B. The doctor was curious about her hobby.
C. The doctor gave little thought to her needs.
D. Her brother sang high praises for the treatment.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知
道医生很少考虑到她的需要。
√
10. Which statement might Chochinov agree with？（　　）
A. Health care system needs investing.
B. Time spent in knowing a patient is rewarding.
C. Trust between doctors and patients is important.
D. Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，乔奇诺夫认为花时
间了解病人是值得的。
√
11. What is the author’s attitude towards the Platinum Rule？（　　）
A. Objective. B. Favorable.
C. Careful. D. Unclear.
解析：　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为“白金法则”
虽然难以应用，但是实施这种法则的努力是值得的。由此推断，作者
支持“白金法则”。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2025·南宁模拟）What is self-discipline？ It’s what keeps you
from eating too many chips when you’re on a diet or from buying things
you don’t need.
　　12. （　　）， but it will take practice and will require you to be
patient and kind to yourself.Here are some ways you could start developing self-discipline：
　　Figure out your “why”. Viktor Frankl， a Holocaust survivor and
psychiatrist， once said， “Those who have a ‘why’ to live， can
bear with almost any ‘how’.” When you find your “why”， or the
reason why you want to do something， you can remind yourself of these
reasons when things get difficult.13.（　　）.
　　Be aware.14.（　　）： What to eat， when to go to bed， or
whether you should send that passive-aggressive text.We can avoid
temptations or give in to them.For example， people often say that you
should not go grocery shopping on an empty stomach.Why？ Because you
are more likely to buy less nutritious foods， snacks， or other high-
calorie foods.
　　15. （　　）. If you don’t know where you’re going， it might
be easier to get sidetracked.If this sounds like you， you can create an
outline of clear action steps you intend to take on a daily or weekly basis
until you reach your goal.Whether you want to increase good habits or
reduce bad habits， creating a clear road map will help you achieve success.
　　Start small. The famous quote says，“The journey of a thousand
miles begins with one single step.” Now that you have a plan， take a
step.Start small.It’s unrealistic to expect results overnight.16.（　）， as this can lead you to feel overwhelmed and might even cause you to abandon your plan.
A. Develop a plan
B. Be the best version of yourself
C. Don’t try to do everything in one week
D. Every day you make decisions about how you live
E. Self-discipline is a skill and anyone can improve it
F. This helps us sustain self-discipline even in difficult situations
G. You need to use your willpower to resist temptations that surround you
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们都知道，要想获得成功，自律
非常重要。可是，我们怎样才能做到自律呢？
12. E　本空后面有两个重要暗示：表示转折的并列连词but和代词it，
这里it指代E项中的Self-discipline；另外，but后面说明自律之难，前面
则应说明自律之易，E项正好符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们都知道，要想获得成功，自律
非常重要。可是，我们怎样才能做到自律呢？
13. F　上句指出：当我们遇到困难时，应该想一想自己做这件事的
原因和初心。显然，这会帮助我们在困境中依然坚持自律，故F项符
合语境。
14. D　本空后面是冒号，所列举的What to eat， when to go to bed等
都是一些我们每天需要作出的决定，故D项符合语境。
15. A　综合全文可知，本文主要提出四条建议，其他三条建议都是
祈使句，本空也应是祈使句，且本段主要强调制定计划的重要性，故
A项符合语境。
16. C　本段主要建议我们从小事做起，循序渐进，否则会导致半途
而废，故C项符合语境。
演示完毕 感谢观看 !

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