语法大课堂 板块一 语法奠基课 第一讲构词法 (课件+学案 ,共2讲)2026届高中英语大一轮复习

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

语法大课堂 板块一 语法奠基课 第一讲构词法 (课件+学案 ,共2讲)2026届高中英语大一轮复习

资源简介

(共20张PPT)
第二讲 基本句型
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
01
巩固
必备知识
02
培育
学科素养
1
巩固·必备知识
归纳整合,高效落实
一、9种句子成分

语 名词 Qianmen Street is a famous street of over 600 years old.
代词 I have a good news to tell you.
动词-ing形式 Running is cheap, easy and always energetic.
从句 What impresses me most is their colourful after-class
activities.

语 系动词 The Double Ninth Festival is the day for the elderly in our culture.
行为动词 I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.
情态动词+ 动词原形 Everybody can buy takeaway food.
助动词+分词 These plans were abandoned because of financial
problems.

语 名词 Looking forward to your reply.
代词 It’s great to hear from you.
动词-ing
形式 I don’t like talking in public.
从句 I recommend that you find your way in style.

语 I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.
I have something interesting to tell you.

语 修饰动词 He can speak English fluently.
修饰形容词 The suitcase is surprisingly light.
修饰另一副词 I go jogging fairly regularly.
修饰全句 Surprisingly, he agreed straight away.
状语从句 If you’d like to bring a gift, fruit is usually a good choice.

语 宾补 We’ll make our school more beautiful.
主补 The professor was seen making an experiment in the
chemistry lab.

语 The match became very exciting.
They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond.


语 名词 My favourite figure must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker
in the late Qing Dynasty.
代词 Helping others is a habit, one you can learn.
从句 We are glad at the news that he will come.


语 短句 That, I think, would be a great advantage.
动词不定式 To tell you the truth, I hate to do it.
分词 Generally speaking, we enjoyed the trip.
介词短语 In short, we should stop halfway.
形容词 Worse still, we got lost in the dark.
副词 I can’t go.To begin with, it’s too cold.Besides,
I’ve no money.

点津
由上表可以看出,句子成分与词性的关系主要有:(1)作主语或宾
语用名词或代词;(2)作谓语用动词;(3)作状语用副词(修饰
动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句);(4)作定语(修饰名
词)、表语、补语,用形容词。
以上四条是解答语法填空的必备基础,请反复朗读表中例句,仔细
体会这四条。
二、8种基本句型
基本句型 典例
主语+谓语
(SV) (2023·1月浙江卷)But nothing happened.但是什
么事都没有发生。
主语+谓语+状语
(SVA) A round of applause rang through the hall.一阵掌
声响彻大厅。
基本句型 典例
主语+谓语+宾语
(SVO) (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I reflected on my initial
thoughts and hesitations.
我反思了我最初的想法和犹豫。
主语+谓语+宾语
+状语(SVOA) (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Upon our arrival, we hugged
each other like long lost friends.到达后,我们像
久违的朋友一样拥抱在一起。
基本句型 典例
主语+谓语+间接
宾语+直接宾语
(S V IO DO) Mr Smith lent me his car.→Mr Smith lent his car to
me.
史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。
主语+谓语+宾语
+宾语补足语
(SVOC) Learning to knit helped me develop my creativity
and problem-solving skills.学习编织帮助我提高了
创造力和解决问题的能力。
基本句型 典例
主语+连系动词+
表语(SP) (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It was a truly amazing
experience!
那真是一次了不起的经历!
There be句型 (2022·全国乙卷)There are many things we can
do to learn English well.
为了学好英语,我们可以做很多事情。
点津
(1)S V IO DO句子结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”
或“主语+谓语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”。
(2)There be句型中,There是引导词,本身无意义,动词be是谓
语,有时态变化,也可与情态动词连用。动词be的单复数要和后面
邻近的主语一致。
 写出下列句子的类型
①We gathered on the playground at 8:00. 
②At that moment, I saw a brave butterfly flying in the
sky. 
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can see some of the sculptures at the visitor
center. 
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There are some very good reasons for
this. 
SVA 
SVOC 
SVOA 
There be句型 
2
培育·学科素养
精准训练,稳步提升
写出下列句子的类型
1. The flower smells sweet.
2. The news made us very surprised.

3. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet
melon. 
4. I froze at that moment. 
主语+连系动词+表语 
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 
主语+谓语+宾语 
主语+谓语+状语 
5. (2022·1月浙江卷)More importantly, I have earned my
teammate’s recognition since then. 
6. (2022·全国乙卷)There are a variety of ways to learn English
beyond the classroom with the development of modern
technology. 
7. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I knew I had to go to talk to him face to
face. 
主语+谓语+宾语+状语 
There be句型 
主语+谓语+宾语(从句) 
演示完毕 感谢观看 !(共36张PPT)
第一讲 构词法
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
01
巩固
必备知识
02
培育
学科素养
1
巩固·必备知识
归纳整合,高效落实
  按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫作构词法。英语构词法主
要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Compounding)、转化法
(Conversion)等。
一、派生法
派生法指在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来
单词意义相近或相反的单词。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意
思,不改变词性;除少数后缀外,后缀一般改变单词的词性,并不引
起词义的变化。

缀 表示否定
或相反意
义的前缀 dis-, mis-, un-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, anti-
disagree, misunderstand, unwilling, illegal,
impossible, independent, irrelevant, non-stop,
antivirus
形容词变
动词的前缀 en-
able→enable, large→enlarge, rich→enrich
其他 inter-(相互), over-(超过), ex-(以前的), re-(重新), super-(超), vice-(副)

缀 形容词加-
ly变成副
词 -ly
real→really
动词或名
词变形容
词的后缀 -able, -ful, -ous, -y, -al, -ible, -ive, -ary
reason→reasonable, nature→natural, use→useful,
wind→windy, secret→secretary,
continue→continuous, act→active, access→accessible

缀 动词变名
词的后缀 -al, -ance, -ence, -tion, -ssion, -ment, -ture, -y
arrive→arrival, appear→appearance,
exist→existence, invite→invitation
形容词变
名词的后
缀 -cy, -dom, -ence, -th, -age, -ty, -ity
fluent→fluency, wise→wisdom, silent→silence,
warm→warmth, short→shortage, safe→safety,
equal→equality
表示人的
后缀 -er, -or, -ist, -ee, -ess, -ese, -an, -ian, -ant
teacher, inventor, artist, employee, actress,
Chinese, American, musician, servant

缀 表示否定
的后缀 -less
hopeless, endless, fearless, careless, treeless,
meaningless
形容词变
动词的后缀 -en, -fy
broad→broaden, simple→simplify
名词变动
词的后缀 -ize
apology→apologize
 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in
contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of
China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk
Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to
define much of the (rich) of gardening in England.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to
create this protective (function) structure that is also
beautiful.
richness 
functional 
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those
amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing
hot, (taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away
my favorite Chinese street food.
tasty 
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one
steamer basket is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy,
and so I am always left wanting more next time.
⑤(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the
(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have
been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable
and (confidence) speaking English.
rarely 
arrival 
confident 
二、合成法
由两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词合成的词叫作合
成词,这种构词法称为合成法。最常见的合成词有合成名词、合
成形容词、合成动词等。词与词之间有的用连字符连接,有的直
接连接在一起。
分类 方法 举例



词 名词+
名词 sportsman男运动员   lifeboat救生船      
bookmark 书签 wheelchair 轮椅
guidebook 指南,手册
名词+动词-ing handwriting 书法sightseeing观光
名词+动词+-er painkiller 止痛药storyteller 讲故事的人
lawmaker立法者
分类 方法 举例



词 动词+名词 typewriter 打字机 postmark 邮戳
pushcart 手推车 workshop 研讨会,车间
形容词+名词 gentleman 绅士greenhouse 温室
名词+动词 handshake 握手sunset 日落
分类 方法 举例



词 介词+名词 afternoon 下午by-product 副产品
副词+动词 income 收入output 产量,输出
动词+
副词 cleanup 打扫closedown 停业checkup 检查
get-together 聚会  breakthrough 突破     
tryout 选拔赛
分类 方法 举例




词 名词+形
容词 lifelong 终身的,毕生的    snow-white 雪白的
名词+动
词-ing English-speaking 讲英语的peace-loving 爱好和平的
heartbreaking 令人心碎的  breathtaking 激动人心的
名词+动
词-ed fun-filled 充满乐趣的man-made 人造的    
heartbroken 悲伤的custom-made 订制的

类 方法 举例




词 形容词+
动词-ing good-looking 相貌好看的
easy-going 性格随和的
形容词+
名词+-ed warm-hearted 热心肠的white-colored 白色的
分类 方法 举例




词 形容词+
动词-ed new-born 新生的electric-powered 电动的
white-painted 漆成白色的 ill-cooked 厨艺差劲的
副词+动
词-ed well-educated 受过良好教育的newly-made 新建的     
well-known 著名的
副词+动
词-ing hard-working 勤劳的
分类 方法 举例
合成形
容词 介词+名词/
动词-ing indoor 室内的         underlying 隐含的;潜在的
数词+名词+-ed one-eyed独眼的three-storeyed三层的
数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old三岁的two-foot-deep两英尺深的
动词-ed+副词 built-in内置的;嵌入式的
分类 方法 举例
合成 动词 形容词+动词 ill-treat虐待         
whitewash刷石灰水
副/介词+动词 overcome 战胜overthrow 推翻
分类 方法 举例
合成副
词 形容词+名词 hotfoot 匆忙地
anyway 无论如何
形容词+副词 everywhere 到处somehow 不知怎么地
副词+副词 however 无论如何
whole-heartedly 全心全意地
介词+副词 forever 永远
介词+名词 beforehand 预先downstairs 在楼下
分类 方法 举例
合成介
词 副词+名词 inside 在……里    outside 在……外
介词+副词 throughout 遍及within 在……之内
副词+介词 into 到……里upon 在……之上
合成代
词 代词宾格+-self herself 她自己     himself 他自己
物主代词+-self myself 我自己yourself 你自己
形容词+名词 anything 任何东西everything 一切东西
 写出下列句中加黑词的词性和词义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion
records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his
team tested how well these data represent actual global
biodiversity patterns. 
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)He developed a greenhouse-like facility that
treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South
Burlington. 
n.数据集 
adj.像温室一样的 
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You put organisms in new relationships and
observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their
own ways to self-repair. 
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is
a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming
AI revolution (变革). 
v.自行修复 
adj.即将到来的 
三、转化法
  在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词
性,而不加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转化法。转化法种类很多,
但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。
1. 许多名词可转化为动词,其意思也随之改变
cook n.厨师→v.烹调 picture n.画→v.描绘
name n.名字→v.取名 stand n.看台→v.站
2. 形容词转化为动词
calm adj.平静的→v.使平静
spare adj.空闲的→v.节省
own adj.自己的→v.拥有
last adj.最后的→v.持续
3. 形容词转化为副词
hard adj.困难的→adv.努力地
well adj.健康的→adv.很好地
 写出下列句中加黑词的词性和词义
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to
reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even
more. 
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is
remotely monitored. 
③(2023·全国乙卷)She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she
provided medical care to freed slaves. 
adj.可靠的 
vt.监控,监测 
adj.被释放的,使自由的 
④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I post my work on social media and, in turn,
have met some of the kindest people. 
⑤(2023·1月浙江卷)With gas prices rising and airport security lines
snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on
a train? 
v.发布 
v.(使)蜿蜒前进 
2
培育·学科素养
精准训练,稳步提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2025·龙岩月考)Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hours
sitting in her office in Hunchun, Jilin Province to make
a (compare) of hundreds of photos of Siberian tigers on
the computer.
2. (2025·齐鲁名校联考)Born in 1986, Gui’s
(enthusiastic) for science has been developing since childhood.
comparison 
enthusiasm 
3. (2025·湖南雅礼中学月考) Before the (arrive) of the
New Year, people in Xizang engage in thorough cleaning of their homes
and surroundings.
4. (2025·龙岩月考)“It seems a little boring, but
(basic) I enjoy the work, which makes a connection between me and
the big cats,” said the 36-year-old monitor from the search monitoring
center of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park.
5. (2025·湖南雅礼中学月考)Traditional dishes such as momos, a
type of (steam) dumpling filled with meat or vegetables,
and butter tea, made from yak butter and tea leaves, are served.
arrival 
basically 
steamed 
Ⅱ.写出下列句子中加黑词的构词法及含义
1. (2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.
构词法:  含义:
2. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors
become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go
down.
构词法:  含义:
合成法(名词+形容词) 
无引诱物的 
派生法 
有相互关系的 
3. (2023·全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U.
S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies,
which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
构词法:  含义:
4. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet, by learning to live with imperfection,
you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled
(弄皱) paper.
构词法:  含义:
合成法(形容词+名词) 
野生动物 
派生法 
不完美 
5. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We find today is the product of a complex
interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.
构词法:  含义:
派生法 
相互作用 
Ⅲ.写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义
1. (1)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate
returning to teach, and this job was no game for him. 
(2)(人教必修一)I know that Chinese is a very difficult language,
but I hope to be fluent when I graduate.  
n.毕业生 
v.毕业 
2. (1)(人教必修二)In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted
to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce
electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. 
(2)(人教选必一)This way, you will be able to fix the problem
before your home becomes flooded or catches fire. 
n.洪水 
v.淹没 
3. (1)(人教选必一)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame
enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be
used for farming in 1974.  
(2)Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize,
he locked himself in his room. 
vt.克服 
vt.受到……的极大影响 
演示完毕 感谢观看 !第二讲 基本句型
一、9种句子成分
主语 名词 Qianmen Street is a famous street of over 600 years old.
代词 I have a good news to tell you.
动词-ing形式 Running is cheap, easy and always energetic.
从句 What impresses me most is their colourful after-class activities.
谓语 系动词 The Double Ninth Festival is the day for the elderly in our culture.
行为动词 I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.
情态动词+ 动词原形 Everybody can buy takeaway food.
助动词+分词 These plans were abandoned because of financial problems.
宾语 名词 Looking forward to your reply.
代词 It’s great to hear from you.
动词-ing形式 I don’t like talking in public.
从句 I recommend that you find your way in style.
定语 I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.
I have something interesting to tell you.
状语 修饰动词 He can speak English fluently.
修饰形容词 The suitcase is surprisingly light.
修饰另一副词 I go jogging fairly regularly.
修饰全句 Surprisingly, he agreed straight away.
状语从句 If you’d like to bring a gift, fruit is usually a good choice.
补语 宾补 We’ll make our school more beautiful.
主补 The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab.
表语 The match became very exciting.
They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond.
同位语 名词 My favourite figure must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
代词 Helping others is a habit, one you can learn.
从句 We are glad at the news that he will come.
插入语 短句 That, I think, would be a great advantage.
动词不定式 To tell you the truth, I hate to do it.
分词 Generally speaking, we enjoyed the trip.
介词短语 In short, we should stop halfway.
形容词 Worse still, we got lost in the dark.
副词 I can’t go.To begin with, it’s too cold.Besides, I’ve no money.
点津 由上表可以看出,句子成分与词性的关系主要有:(1)作主语或宾语用名词或代词;(2)作谓语用动词;(3)作状语用副词(修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句);(4)作定语(修饰名词)、表语、补语,用形容词。 以上四条是解答语法填空的必备基础,请反复朗读表中例句,仔细体会这四条。
二、8种基本句型
基本句型 典例
主语+谓语(SV) (2023·1月浙江卷)But nothing happened.但是什么事都没有发生。
主语+谓语+状语(SVA) A round of applause rang through the hall.一阵掌声响彻大厅。
主语+谓语+宾语(SVO) (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I reflected on my initial thoughts and hesitations. 我反思了我最初的想法和犹豫。
主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA) (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Upon our arrival, we hugged each other like long lost friends.到达后,我们像久违的朋友一样拥抱在一起。
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S V IO DO) Mr Smith lent me his car.→Mr Smith lent his car to me. 史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC) Learning to knit helped me develop my creativity and problem-solving skills.学习编织帮助我提高了创造力和解决问题的能力。
主语+连系动词+表语(SP) (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It was a truly amazing experience! 那真是一次了不起的经历!
There be句型 (2022·全国乙卷)There are many things we can do to learn English well. 为了学好英语,我们可以做很多事情。
点津 (1)S V IO DO句子结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”或“主语+谓语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”。 (2)There be句型中,There是引导词,本身无意义,动词be是谓语,有时态变化,也可与情态动词连用。动词be的单复数要和后面邻近的主语一致。
 写出下列句子的类型
①We gathered on the playground at 8:00.        
②At that moment, I saw a brave butterfly flying in the sky.        
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can see some of the sculptures at the visitor center.        
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There are some very good reasons for this.        
写出下列句子的类型
1.The flower smells sweet.        
2.The news made us very surprised.        
3.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.        
4.I froze at that moment.        
5.(2022·1月浙江卷)More importantly, I have earned my teammate’s recognition since then.        
6.(2022·全国乙卷)There are a variety of ways to learn English beyond the classroom with the development of modern technology.       
7.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I knew I had to go to talk to him face to face.        
第二讲 基本句型
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练
①SVA ②SVOC ③SVOA ④There be句型
【培育·学科素养】
1.主语+连系动词+表语 2.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
3.主语+谓语+宾语 4.主语+谓语+状语 5.主语+谓语+宾语+状语 6.There be句型 7.主语+谓语+宾语(从句)
3 / 3第一讲 构词法
  按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫作构词法。英语构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Compounding)、转化法(Conversion)等。
一、派生法
  派生法指在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意义相近或相反的单词。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意思,不改变词性;除少数后缀外,后缀一般改变单词的词性,并不引起词义的变化。
前缀 表示否定或相反意义的前缀 dis-, mis-, un-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, anti-
disagree, misunderstand, unwilling, illegal, impossible, independent, irrelevant, non-stop, antivirus
形容词变动词的前缀 en-
able→enable, large→enlarge, rich→enrich
其他 inter-(相互), over-(超过), ex-(以前的), re-(重新), super-(超), vice-(副)
interaction, overweight, ex-husband, reuse, supernatural, vice-chairman
后缀 形容词加-ly变成副词 -ly
real→really
动词或名词变形容词的后缀 -able, -ful, -ous, -y, -al, -ible, -ive, -ary
reason→reasonable, nature→natural, use→useful, wind→windy, secret→secretary, continue→continuous, act→active, access→accessible
动词变名词的后缀 -al, -ance, -ence, -tion, -ssion, -ment, -ture, -y
arrive→arrival, appear→appearance, exist→existence, invite→invitation
形容词变名词的后缀 -cy, -dom, -ence, -th, -age, -ty, -ity
fluent→fluency, wise→wisdom, silent→silence, warm→warmth, short→shortage, safe→safety, equal→equality
表示人的后缀 -er, -or, -ist, -ee, -ess, -ese, -an, -ian, -ant
teacher, inventor, artist, employee, actress, Chinese, American, musician, servant
表示否定的后缀 -less
hopeless, endless, fearless, careless, treeless, meaningless
形容词变动词的后缀 -en, -fy
broad→broaden, simple→simplify
名词变动词的后缀 -ize
apology→apologize
 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the       (rich) of gardening in England.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective       (function) structure that is also beautiful.
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot,       (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is       (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time.
⑤(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the       (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and       (confidence) speaking English.
二、合成法
  由两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词合成的词叫作合成词,这种构词法称为合成法。最常见的合成词有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词等。词与词之间有的用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。
分类 方法 举例
合成名词 名词+名词 sportsman男运动员     lifeboat救生船      bookmark 书签 wheelchair 轮椅guidebook 指南,手册
名词+动词-ing handwriting 书法sightseeing观光
名词+动词+-er painkiller 止痛药storyteller 讲故事的人lawmaker立法者
动词+名词 typewriter 打字机postmark 邮戳pushcart 手推车 workshop 研讨会,车间
形容词+名词 gentleman 绅士greenhouse 温室
名词+动词 handshake 握手sunset 日落
介词+名词 afternoon 下午by-product 副产品
副词+动词 income 收入output 产量,输出
动词+副词 cleanup 打扫closedown 停业checkup 检查 get-together 聚会      breakthrough 突破     tryout 选拔赛
合成形容词 名词+形容词 lifelong 终身的,毕生的    snow-white 雪白的
名词+动词-ing English-speaking 讲英语的peace-loving 爱好和平的 heartbreaking 令人心碎的   breathtaking 激动人心的
名词+动词-ed fun-filled 充满乐趣的man-made 人造的    heartbroken 悲伤的 custom-made 订制的
续表
合成形容词 形容词+动词-ing good-looking 相貌好看的   easy-going 性格随和的
形容词+名词+-ed warm-hearted 热心肠的white-colored 白色的
形容词+动词-ed new-born 新生的electric-powered 电动的 white-painted 漆成白色的   ill-cooked 厨艺差劲的
副词+动词-ed well-educated 受过良好教育的newly-made 新建的     well-known 著名的
副词+动词-ing hard-working 勤劳的
介词+名词/动词-ing indoor 室内的        underlying 隐含的;潜在的
数词+名词+-ed one-eyed独眼的three-storeyed三层的
数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old三岁的two-foot-deep两英尺深的
动词-ed+副词 built-in内置的;嵌入式的
合成动词 形容词+动词 ill-treat虐待         whitewash刷石灰水
副/介词+动词 overcome 战胜overthrow 推翻
合成副词 形容词+名词 hotfoot 匆忙地        anyway 无论如何
形容词+副词 everywhere 到处somehow 不知怎么地
副词+副词 however 无论如何whole-heartedly 全心全意地
介词+副词 forever 永远
介词+名词 beforehand 预先downstairs 在楼下
合成介词 副词+名词 inside 在……里        outside 在……外
介词+副词 throughout 遍及within 在……之内
副词+介词 into 到……里upon 在……之上
合成代词 代词宾格+-self herself 她自己        himself 他自己
物主代词+-self myself 我自己yourself 你自己
形容词+名词 anything 任何东西everything 一切东西
 写出下列句中加黑词的词性和词义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.        
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.       
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.        
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).        
三、转化法
  在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,而不加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转化法。转化法种类很多,但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。
1.许多名词可转化为动词,其意思也随之改变
cook n.厨师→v.烹调 picture n.画→v.描绘
name n.名字→v.取名 stand n.看台→v.站
2.形容词转化为动词
calm adj.平静的→v.使平静
spare adj.空闲的→v.节省
own adj.自己的→v.拥有
last adj.最后的→v.持续
3.形容词转化为副词
hard adj.困难的→adv.努力地
well adj.健康的→adv.很好地
 写出下列句中加黑词的词性和词义
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.        
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored.        
③(2023·全国乙卷)She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.        
④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.        
⑤(2023·1月浙江卷)With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train?        
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025·龙岩月考)Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hours sitting in her office in Hunchun, Jilin Province to make a       (compare) of hundreds of photos of Siberian tigers on the computer.
2.(2025·齐鲁名校联考)Born in 1986, Gui’s       (enthusiastic) for science has been developing since childhood.
3.(2025·湖南雅礼中学月考) Before the       (arrive) of the New Year, people in Xizang engage in thorough cleaning of their homes and surroundings.
4.(2025·龙岩月考)“It seems a little boring, but       (basic) I enjoy the work, which makes a connection between me and the big cats,” said the 36-year-old monitor from the search monitoring center of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park.
5.(2025·湖南雅礼中学月考)Traditional dishes such as momos, a type of     (steam) dumpling filled with meat or vegetables, and butter tea, made from yak butter and tea leaves, are served.
Ⅱ.写出下列句子中加黑词的构词法及含义
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.
构词法:       含义:      
2.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
构词法:       含义:      
3.(2023·全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
构词法:       含义:      
4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.
构词法:       含义:      
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.
构词法:       含义:      
Ⅲ.写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义
1.(1)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him.        
(2)(人教必修一)I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate.        
2.(1)(人教必修二)In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area.       
(2)(人教选必一)This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.       
3.(1)(人教选必一)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.        
(2)Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize, he locked himself in his room.        
第一讲 构词法
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练1
①richness ②functional ③tasty ④rarely
⑤arrival; confident
即时演练2
①n.数据集 ②adj.像温室一样的 ③v.自行修复
④adj.即将到来的
即时演练3
①adj.可靠的 ②vt.监控,监测 ③adj.被释放的,使自由的
④v.发布 ⑤v.(使)蜿蜒前进
【培育·学科素养】
Ⅰ.1.comparison 2.enthusiasm 3.arrival 4.basically 5.steamed
Ⅱ.1.合成法(名词+形容词) 无引诱物的 2.派生法 有相互关系的 3.合成法(形容词+名词) 野生动物
4.派生法 不完美 5.派生法 相互作用
Ⅲ.1.(1)n.毕业生 (2)v.毕业 2.(1)n.洪水 (2)v.淹没
3.(1)vt.克服 (2)vt.受到……的极大影响
5 / 5

展开更多......

收起↑

资源列表