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第二讲　定语从句
　　在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
（一）who/whom/whose引导的定语从句
用法 例句
who和whom指人；who在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略；在口语中可用who代替whom On behalf of those who feel like making progress in English， I sincerely invite you to deliver a speech in our English program at 7：00 pm on Friday. The student who/whom you talked to just now is my best friend.
whose既可指人，也可指物；在从句中作定语，表示先行词的所有格，即 whose 前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系 My eldest son， whose work takes him all over the world， is in New York at the moment. He lives in a room whose window is broken.
（二）that/which/as引导的定语从句
1.只用that引导定语从句的情况
（1）先行词是all、 much、 little、 something、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 none等不定代词时。
If I run into anything that might interest you， I’ll send it to you.
如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西，我会把它寄给你。
（2）先行词被the only、 any、 few、 no、 very等修饰时。
After the fire in his house， the old car is the only thing that he owned.
他家失火后，那辆旧轿车是他唯一的财产了。
（3）先行词是形容词的最高级、序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.
那是迄今为止在这个城市上映的最好的电影。
（4）先行词既有人也有物时。
My mother and her old friends talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.
我母亲和她的老朋友们谈论了她们所记得的在学校里的人和事。
2.只用which引导定语从句的情况
（1）先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。
His best movie， which won several awards， was about the life of Gandhi.
他最优秀的电影，就是荣获几项大奖的那一部，是关于甘地生平的。
（2）先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
（3）引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
She lost the game， which depressed her greatly.
她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。
3.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
引导词 位置上 搭配上 意思上
which 只能放在先行词的后面 无动词的限制 这
as 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可位于句末 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等 正如……、正像……的那样
She changed her idea again， which was unexpected.
她又改变主意了，这是始料不及的。
She changed her idea again， as we expected.
正如我们所预料的那样，她又改变主意了。
　单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design， to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing （追溯） the steps along the Silk Route 　　　　　　brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating （纪念） Tang Xianzu， 　　　　　　is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”， add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon， William Shakespeare’s hometown.
③（2024·1月浙江卷）Of course， shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 　　　　will make them the most money.
④（2023·全国甲卷）Yet， the form of the fable still has values today， 　　　　　　Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
⑤ （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　　　　　　live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
先行词 关系副词 句法功能 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time、 day、 year等 when 时间 状语 ＝at/in/on/during which
表示场所的名词：park、place、country、house等 where 地点 状语 ＝at/in/on/to which
表示理由的名词：the reason why 原因 状语 ＝for which
He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education.
在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend， where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time.
我写信是想向你解释我上次没去听你讲课的原因。
点津
（1）当先行词为point、 situation、 case、 stage等表示抽象地点的名词时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；
（2）当先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where；
（3）当先行词way意为“方法，方式”，且关系词在从句中作状语时，可用that、in which或省略关系词三种形式。
I have come to the point where I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
　单句语法填空
①In the spring， a season 　　　　　　we are learning new rhythms of life， many of us find comfort in the natural world.
②5G commercial service’s being officially launched has opened a new digital age， 　　　　　　people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded.
③The reason 　　　　　　the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
④Their child is at the stage 　　　　　　she can say individual words but not full sentences.
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词若表示人，只能用whom；关系代词若表示事物，只能用which。
类别 句法功能 示例
介词＋关系代词（which/whom） 宾语 In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
介词＋whose＋名词 状语 I expressed my sincere gratitude to John， without whose help I couldn’t have finished my task.
名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词（which/whom） 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore， three of which were English novels.
点津
“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定
（1）根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.（be interested in）
物理是我们学校每个学生都感兴趣的课程。
（2）根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.（during the time）
我永远不会忘记我童年时在乡下度过的那段时光。
（3）根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas， without which we can’t live， is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体叫氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
　单句语法填空
①Our English teacher， with 　　　　　　help we have made great progress in English， has completed thirty years of teaching.
②Hua Mulan， the story of 　　　　　　has been told by generations in China， was a fighter in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
③There are many different tea sets and almost all kinds of tea in his home， most of 　　　　　I can’t name.
④（2025·广东六校模拟）According to the inscription， after the completion of the temple， the local medicine expert meeting was organised here on 28 April in most years of the Qing Dynasty， during 　　　　all kinds of talented people performed， and the vocal music lasted for more than ten days， said Wang Jianping， an expert in literature and history of the county.
⑤（2025·嘉兴二模）In Pure Teahouses， people do nothing but drink tea， most of 　　　　　　are unoccupied people or the young from the rich family.
（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place 　　　　welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
分析：that/which　句中先行词为place，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。
（2022·全国甲卷）On the 1，100-kilometer journey， the man Cao Shengkang，　　　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident， crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
分析：who　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，从句中缺少主语，应用who引导该定语从句。
一、模拟选萃
1.（2025·安阳联考）However， from the late Qing Dynasty onward， its city walls were gradually torn down， one brick at a time， by locals， 　　　　　　used the bricks as building materials for their own homes.
2.（2025·湖南名校联盟）The language is taught in more than 190 countries and regions， among 　　　　　　85 have included Chinese lessons in their national education systems.
3.（2025·济南模拟）The restaurant is also fitted with a smart machine 　　　　　　serves up coffee， milk， and ice cream.
4.（2025·浙江强基联盟）Her artistic vision， 　　　　　　respects the erhu’s history， is shared by other performers.
5.（2025·湖南部分学校联考）Taiwan， China， is where bubble tea was originally consumed and introduced， and one of the biggest drinkers of bubble tea is Thailand， 　　　　　　each person had six cups of bubble tea on average monthly in December 2019.
6.（2025·衡阳一模）The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming， which is observed in early April 　　　　　the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases.
二、高考连线
7.（2024·北京卷）Tinniswood，　　　　　　 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks， credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.
8.（2023·北京卷）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago， 　　　　　　thousands were attending a water conference.
9.（2022·天津卷）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler， for 　　　　　　routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
10.（天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from 　　　　　　we can learn without repeating them.
一、词语推敲
1.关系代词引导的定语从句运用于写作
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）我们被要求画一些给我们留下深刻印象的东西。
We were asked to draw or paint something that impressed us most.
运用：（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）你给我的诸多鼓励激发了我写作的动力。
A great deal of encouragement 　　　　　　　　　　　inspired my motivation for writing.
2.关系副词引导的定语从句运用于写作
（2023·全国甲卷）孔子的影响在现代中国社会仍然可以看到，他的学说继续被研究和应用于日常生活中。
Confucius’ influence can still be seen in modern Chinese society， where his teachings continue to be studied and applied in daily life.
运用：首先，我们会带你们参观我们的学校，然后在当地的一家餐馆吃饭，在那里你们可以尝尝地道的中国菜。
First， you’ll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local restaurant，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句运用于写作
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）那么，为什么他突然强迫我做一件我肯定会失败的事情呢？
So， why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail？
运用：（2022·全国乙卷）对于学生们来说，使他们受益最大的就是读英语书籍，他们可以从中学习在课堂上学不到的东西。
For students，what is most beneficial to them is reading English books， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.非限制性定语从句运用于写作
（2024·全国甲卷）今天，我想重点介绍一些重大发展，包括共享单车、高铁和新能源汽车。
Today I’d like to focus on some major developments， which include shared bicycles， high-speed trains and new energy vehicles.
运用：（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）我解释了我为什么选择这个特殊的主题，甚至在舞台上表演了一个角色，扮演里维尔的马，这让观众笑了出来。
I explained why I chose this special subject and even acted out one role-play as Revere’s horse on the stage， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
二、语篇打造
　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意定语从句的运用。
　　1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （众所周知）， high school life is an important turning point and 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所）.My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation.Having had a heated discussion， we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.
Material collecting took us a whole week， 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在此期间，我们采访了我们的老师，并拍摄了我们学校生活的各个方面）.Some compromises were unavoidable， but the video turned out perfect.4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （播放录像的那一天）， it was well received.Students and teachers in our school shared a great time， 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （这当然给了我们很大的成就感）.
第二讲　定语从句
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练1
①that/which　②who　③that/which　④as　⑤that
即时演练2
①when　②when　③why　④where
即时演练3
①whose　②whom　③which　④which　⑤whom
【培育·学科素养】
单句语法填空
1.who　2.which　3.that/which　4.which　5.where　6.when
7.who　8.where　9.whom　10.which
语法链接写作
一、1.which you gave me　2.where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food　3.from which they can learn what they can’t in class　4.which made the audience laugh out
二、1.As is universally known/As is known to all
2.high school campus is an important place where students study and live
3.during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of our school lives
4.That day when the video was played
5.which surely gave us a great sense of achievement
6 / 6第三讲　名词性从句
一、基本用法
　　名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词（短语），在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下：
类别 引导词 意义 功能
从属 连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连接 代词 what（ever） （无论）什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which（ever） （无论） 哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
who（ever） （无论）谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
连接 副词 when 何时 时间状语
where 哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
（一）主语从句
1.从句作主语时，主句谓语动词一般用单数
What she offers to her classmates is honesty and happiness.
她带给同学们的是诚实和快乐。
2.it作形式主语
it作形式主语的常见句型有：
（1）It＋be＋形容词（clear、 certain、 obvious、 important、 likely、 necessary、 possible等）＋从句
（2）It＋be＋名词/名词短语（a shame、 a pity、 an honour、 no wonder、 good news等）＋从句
（3）It＋be＋过去分词（said、 reported、 thought、 known、believed、 expected、 concluded等）＋从句
（4）It＋特殊动词或短语（doesn’t matter、 occurs to sb、 makes no difference等）＋从句
It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go.
难怪他不想去。
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
已经定下来会议被推迟到下周一了。
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕一个人待着。
3.whether/if引导的主语从句
引导主语从句，表示“是否”，只能用whether；若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。
It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
（二）宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语（作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导）。
1.it作形式宾语
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我会负责把他照顾好。
2.含虚拟语气的宾语从句
一个“坚持（insist）”、两个“命令（order/command）”、三个“建议（suggest/recommend/advise）”、三个“要求（demand/require/request）”等词后，宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The commander ordered that the troops （should） set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
（三）表语从句
1.why与because 引导的表语从句
why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。
I had a cold. That was why I didn’t attend school.我感冒了，因此我没去上学。
I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold.
我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。
点津
（1）句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，不用because；
（2）由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
2.as if/though引导的表语从句
as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look、 seem、 sound、 be等的后面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语气，也可直接采用陈述语气。
It sounded as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
The house was in such a mess — it looked as if/though it had been bombed.
这个房子真乱，看起来就像被炸弹炸过一样。
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用。常见的抽象名词有news、 idea、 fact、 promise、 conclusion、 theory、 question、 doubt、 thought、 hope、 message、 suggestion、 word（消息）、 possibility、 decision等。
At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the universe.
起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。
　单句语法填空
①（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 　　　　　they need an English trainer.
②（2022·天津卷）Mental health involves 　　　　　　you process things such as stress and anxiety.
③I asked them 　　　　　　they wanted to buy something and they told me that they lacked nothing.
④By creating organized to-do lists，you can prioritize the things you need to do， and keep track of 　　　　　　still needs to be completed.
⑤　　　　　　 he failed in the test again really disappointed his parents.
二、难点突破
1.that与what引导的名词性从句的区别
that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，……的事情，什么样的”。
Our teacher made a request that we （should） be well prepared for the exam.
老师要求我们为考试做好充分准备。
We have to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we have learnt in class to our future professions.
我们必须写一篇论文，内容是我们打算如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到未来的职业中。
2.wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别
连接词what、 which、 who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever、 whichever、 whoever分别相当于anything that、 any ...that、 anyone who，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：
What you choose to wear should be clean.
你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。
Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.
无论你选择穿什么衣服都应该是干净的。
3.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别
（1）whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a question.
这是否真实依然是个问题。
It is unknown whether/if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会参加会议还不清楚。
（2）whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，但是如果直接与or not连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。
I was wondering whether/if she’d prefer to come a little later.
我想知道她是否乐意晚一点来。
There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the position.
关于他是否适合这个职位有过激烈的争论。
（3）whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。
Before making the decision whether we should wear the school uniform，we have to balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
在决定是否穿校服之前，我们必须权衡利弊。
　单句语法填空
①His capability has never been in doubt； the question is 　　　　　　he is prepared to do it.
②Over thousands of years， they began to depend less on 　　　　　　could be hunted or gathered from the wild， and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
③She also came to the conclusion 　　　　it is a myth that instrumental music is less disturbing than songs.
④Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China and 　　　　　　drove the elephants to make their long trip is still unknown.
⑤I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to 　　　　　　or not the milk was hot.
The student completed this experiment to make 　　　　Professor Joseph had said come true.
分析：what　句意：这个学生完成这个实验是为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实。make sth come true让某事成为现实。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作had said的宾语，应用连接代词。
However， there are problems. The biggest one is 　　　　there are not enough low-priced items.
分析：that　句意：然而，存在一些问题。最大的问题是没有足够的低价商品。设空处引导表语从句，从句意思完整且不缺少任何成分，应用that引导。
一、模拟选萃
1.Male voices are much lower than female voices. This is mainly 　　　　　　they have different sizes of vocal folds （声带）.
2.Gather a couple of friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets — this is 　　　　　　many youngsters enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
3.Technology is constantly advancing. 　　　　we imagined it years ago cannot keep up with its pace of development.
4.（2025·济南模拟）“We have employed six automatic cooking devices， which promise a dish delivery time of just five minutes from the moment of ordering to 　　　　　　it arrives at the customer’s table，” states Ren Guotao， the person in charge of the restaurant.
5.As for her house， the poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about 　　　　　　she lived.
二、高考连线
6.（2022·1月浙江卷）Cobb， for her part， started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 　　　　　　she could do so remotely； about three-quarters of the time， they agreed.
7.（天津卷）What puzzles Lily’s friend is 　　　　she always has so many crazy ideas.
8.（新高考Ⅰ卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 　　　　　is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
9.（全国Ⅰ卷）While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 　　　　　　they range all the way across the Arctic， and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
一、词语推敲
1.what引导的名词性从句最显眼
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）你说的话给了我很大的鼓励，这激发了我写作的动力。
What you said gave me a great deal of encouragement，which inspired my motivation for writing.
运用：令我惊讶的是，我爸爸允许我按照我的意愿使用这笔钱。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished.
2.同位语从句放在开头实力开篇
（2023·6月天津卷）我相信这样的活动对于促进跨文化理解和欣赏至关重要，我很高兴有机会分享自己的技能和经验，作为这项努力的一部分。
I hold the belief that such events are crucial for promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation，and I am thrilled to have the opportunity to share my own skills and experience as part of this effort.
运用：没有人能否认在线学习正变得越来越流行这一事实。
No one can deny the fact 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全
（2022·全国甲卷）我们必须采取措施来保护海洋的原因是它的污染正变得越来越严重。
The reason why we must take measures to protect the ocean is that its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
运用：很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去了。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断了腿，我必须照顾他。
I’m sorry that I can’t go out with you as planned.The reason is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and I must look after him.
4.That/This is because/why ...灵活简练
（2022·全国乙卷）他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏，那是因为他们缺乏自律。
They’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.That’s because they lack self-discipline.
运用：这个展览非常精彩，展示了中国文化的魅力。这就是为什么我想推荐我的同学们也来参加这个艺术展。
The exhibition is fantastic and shows the charm of Chinese culture. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　as well.
5.注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）相反，我建议我们应该实行一个让学生们能根据自己的语言能力和个人喜好选择自己同伴的制度。
Instead，I suggest we should implement a system where students can choose their own partners based on their language abilities and personal preferences.
运用：我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文授课的，这会对你有很大的好处。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese， which will benefit you a lot.
二、语篇打造
　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意名词性从句的运用。
The Moment I Take Pride in
　　Where there is a will， there is a way.When I began to learn to cook three years ago， I failed many times.But in the end，1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我所做的饭菜很美味）， because I carried on with it.The first dish was fried eggs.At first， 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我不知道油温什么时候合适）.In order to learn it well， I wasted a great number of eggs.I never gave up until I fried eggs better.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我学做饭的原因是让我妈妈完成工作后可以休息）.I will keep the moment in my heart.
第三讲　名词性从句
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练1
①why　②how　③whether/if　④what　⑤That
即时演练2
①whether　②what　③that　④what　⑤whether
【培育·学科素养】
单句语法填空
1.because　2.what 　3.How　4.when　5.where
6.whether/if　7.why　8.What　9.that
语法链接写作
一、1.What surprised me
2.that online learning is becoming more and more popular
3.that my younger brother broke his leg the other day
4.This is why I would like to recommend my fellow students to attend this art show
5.I recommend that you （should） choose the Listening and Speaking course
二、1.what was cooked by me was very delicious
2.I had no idea when the temperature of oil was proper
3.The reason why I learned to cook was that my mother could rest after she finished her work
6 / 6(共40张PPT)
第三讲　名词性从句
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
01
巩固
必备知识
02
培育
学科素养
1
巩固·必备知识
归纳整合，高效落实
一、基本用法
　　名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词
（短语），在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词
性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词
性从句的引导词及其用法如下：
类别 引导词 意义 功能
从属连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
类别 引导词 意义 功能
连接 代词 what（ever） （无论）什么 主语、宾语、表
语、定语
which（ever） （无论）哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
who（ever） （无论）谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
类别 引导词 意义 功能
连接 副词 when 何时 时间状语
where 哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
（一）主语从句
1. 从句作主语时，主句谓语动词一般用单数
What she offers to her classmates is honesty and happiness.
她带给同学们的是诚实和快乐。
2. it作形式主语
it作形式主语的常见句型有：
（1）It＋be＋形容词（clear、 certain、 obvious、 important、 likely、
necessary、 possible等）＋从句
（2）It＋be＋名词/名词短语（a shame、 a pity、 an honour、 no
wonder、 good news等）＋从句
（3）It＋be＋过去分词（said、 reported、 thought、 known、
believed、 expected、 concluded等）＋从句
（4）It＋特殊动词或短语（doesn’t matter、 occurs to sb、 makes no
difference等）＋从句
It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go.
难怪他不想去。
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
已经定下来会议被推迟到下周一了。
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕一个人待着。
3. whether/if引导的主语从句
引导主语从句，表示“是否”，只能用whether；若用it作形式主语，
则whether与if可互换。
It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
（二）宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词
的宾语（作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导）。
1. it作形式宾语
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我会负责把他照顾好。
2. 含虚拟语气的宾语从句
一个“坚持（insist）”、两个“命令（order/command）”、三个
“建议（suggest/recommend/advise）”、三个“要求
（demand/require/request）”等词后，宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语
动词应为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The commander ordered that the troops （should） set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
（三）表语从句
1. why与because 引导的表语从句
why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。
I had a cold. That was why I didn’t attend school.我感冒了，因此我没
去上学。
I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold.
我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。
点津
（1）句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，不
用because；
（2）由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too
terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
2. as if/though引导的表语从句
as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look、 seem、 sound、 be
等的后面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语气，也可直接采用陈述语气。
It sounded as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
The house was in such a mess — it looked as if/though it had been
bombed.
这个房子真乱，看起来就像被炸弹炸过一样。
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解
释说明的作用。常见的抽象名词有news、 idea、 fact、 promise、
conclusion、 theory、 question、 doubt、 thought、 hope、 message、
suggestion、 word（消息）、 possibility、 decision等。
At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth was
not the centre of the universe.
起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。
　单句语法填空
①（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in
English with international journalists. This is they need an
English trainer.
②（2022·天津卷）Mental health involves you process things
such as stress and anxiety.
③I asked them they wanted to buy something and they told
me that they lacked nothing.
why　
how　
whether/if　
④By creating organized to-do lists，you can prioritize the things you need
to do， and keep track of still needs to be completed.
⑤ he failed in the test again really disappointed his parents.
what　
That　
二、难点突破
1. that与what引导的名词性从句的区别
that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主
语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，……的事情，什么样的”。
Our teacher made a request that we （should） be well prepared for the
exam.
老师要求我们为考试做好充分准备。
We have to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we have learnt in
class to our future professions.
我们必须写一篇论文，内容是我们打算如何将课堂上学到的知识应用
到未来的职业中。
2. wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别
连接词what、 which、 who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一
个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever、 whichever、 whoever分别
相当于anything that、 any ...that、 anyone who，意为“无
论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：
What you choose to wear should be clean.
你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。
Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.
无论你选择穿什么衣服都应该是干净的。
3. whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别
（1）whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导
的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a question.
这是否真实依然是个问题。
It is unknown whether/if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会参加会议还不清楚。
（2）whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，但是如果直接与or
not连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。
I was wondering whether/if she’d prefer to come a little later.
我想知道她是否乐意晚一点来。
There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the
position.
关于他是否适合这个职位有过激烈的争论。
（3）whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。
Before making the decision whether we should wear the school uniform，
we have to balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
在决定是否穿校服之前，我们必须权衡利弊。
　单句语法填空
①His capability has never been in doubt； the question is he
is prepared to do it.
②Over thousands of years， they began to depend less on could
be hunted or gathered from the wild， and more on animals they had
raised and crops they had sown.
③She also came to the conclusion it is a myth that instrumental
music is less disturbing than songs.
whether　
what　
that　
④Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China
and drove the elephants to make their long trip is still unknown.
⑤I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to or not the
milk was hot.
what　
whether　
The student completed this experiment to make 　　　　 Professor
Joseph had said come true.
分析：what　句意：这个学生完成这个实验是为了使约瑟夫教授所说
的成为现实。make sth come true让某事成为现实。设空处引导宾语从
句，并在从句中作had said的宾语，应用连接代词。
However， there are problems. The biggest one is 　　　　 there
are not enough low-priced items.
分析：that　句意：然而，存在一些问题。最大的问题是没有足够的
低价商品。设空处引导表语从句，从句意思完整且不缺少任何成分，
应用that引导。
2
培育·学科素养
精准训练，稳步提升
一、模拟选萃
1. Male voices are much lower than female voices. This is
mainly they have different sizes of vocal folds （声带）.
2. Gather a couple of friends and take a leisurely walk through the
streets — this is many youngsters enjoy doing when they visit a
new city.
3. Technology is constantly advancing. we imagined it years
ago cannot keep up with its pace of development.
because　
what　
How　
4. （2025·济南模拟）“We have employed six automatic cooking
devices， which promise a dish delivery time of just five minutes from the
moment of ordering to it arrives at the customer’s table，”
states Ren Guotao， the person in charge of the restaurant.
5. As for her house， the poor woman wasn’t able to give him any
information about she lived.
when　
where　
二、高考连线
6. （2022·1月浙江卷）Cobb， for her part， started to ask conference
organizers who invited her to speak she could do so
remotely； about three-quarters of the time， they agreed.
7. （天津卷）What puzzles Lily’s friend is she always has so
many crazy ideas.
8. （新高考Ⅰ卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular
Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. is so
breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
9. （全国Ⅰ卷）While they are rare north of 88°， there is
evidence they range all the way across the Arctic， and as far
south as James Bay in Canada.
whether/if　
why　
What　
that　
一、词语推敲
1. what引导的名词性从句最显眼
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）你说的话给了我很大的鼓励，这激发了我写
作的动力。
What you said gave me a great deal of encouragement，which inspired
my motivation for writing.
运用：令我惊讶的是，我爸爸允许我按照我的意愿使用这笔钱。
was that my dad allowed me to use the money as I
wished.
What surprised me　
（2023·6月天津卷）我相信这样的活动对于促进跨文化理解和
欣赏至关重要，我很高兴有机会分享自己的技能和经验，作为这项努
力的一部分。
I hold the belief that such events are crucial for promoting cross-
cultural understanding and appreciation，and I am thrilled to have the
opportunity to share my own skills and experience as part of this effort.
运用：没有人能否认在线学习正变得越来越流行这一事实。
No one can deny the fact
.
that online learning is becoming more and
more popular　
2. 同位语从句放在开头实力开篇
（2022·全国甲卷）我们必须采取措施来保护海洋的原因是它的
污染正变得越来越严重。
The reason why we must take measures to protect the ocean is that its
pollution is becoming more and more serious.
运用：很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去了。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断
了腿，我必须照顾他。
I’m sorry that I can’t go out with you as planned.The reason is
and I must look after
him.
that
my younger brother broke his leg the other day　
3. 表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全
（2022·全国乙卷）他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏，那是
因为他们缺乏自律。
They’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing
games.That’s because they lack self-discipline.
运用：这个展览非常精彩，展示了中国文化的魅力。这就是为什么我
想推荐我的同学们也来参加这个艺术展。
The exhibition is fantastic and shows the charm of Chinese culture.

as well.
This
is why I would like to recommend my fellow students to attend this art
show　
4. That/This is because/why ...灵活简练
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）相反，我建议我们应该实行一个让学生们能
根据自己的语言能力和个人喜好选择自己同伴的制度。
Instead，I suggest we should implement a system where students can
choose their own partners based on their language abilities and personal
preferences.
运用：我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文授课的，
这会对你有很大的好处。

，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese， which will
benefit you a lot.
I recommend that you （should） choose the Listening and Speaking
course　
5. 注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合
二、语篇打造
　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意名词性从句的运用。
The Moment I Take Pride in
　　Where there is a will， there is a way.When I began to learn to cook
three years ago， I failed many times.But in the end，1.
（我所做的饭菜很美味）， because
I carried on with it.The first dish was fried eggs.At first， 2.
（我不知道油温什么时候
合适）.In order to learn it well， I wasted a great number of eggs.I never
gave up until I fried eggs better.
what was
cooked by me was very delicious　
I had no
idea when the temperature of oil was proper　
　　3.
（我学做饭的原因是让我妈妈完成工作后
可以休息）.I will keep the moment in my heart.
The reason why I learned to cook was that my mother could rest
after she finished her work　
演示完毕 感谢观看 !第四讲　特殊句式
一、强调句
1.强调句的基本句型结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注意被强调的主语与that后面的谓语的一致性。
It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.
是我们的老师帮助我们取得了巨大的进步。
2.强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
Was it in the park that he met our new teacher？
他是在公园里遇到了我们的新老师吗？
3.强调句的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？
他是什么时候决定上这门课的？
点津
由疑问词引导的强调结构作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.
他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。
4.not ... until ...句型的强调结构：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分。
It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed.
昨天晚上直到十二点我才去睡觉。
5.用助动词do、 does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
His parents did manage to send him to a technical school.
他父母确实设法把他送到了一所技术学校。
　单句语法填空
①I can’t remember what it was 　　　　　made the teacher give Mary the permission to leave the class earlier.
②（2025·安阳联考）It was in the early 1980s 　　　　　　local authorities began to repair the town’s older structures.
③It was not until we heard that she was safe and sound 　　　　　　we finally breathed a sigh of relief.
④Was it yesterday 　　　　　　you met your teacher in the street？
二、省略句
1.状语从句中的省略
（1）当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且主语和主句的主语一致或其主语是it时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
When seeing foreign friends， we should warmly help them， making them feel the enthusiasm of our Chinese.
当见到外国朋友时，我们应该热情地帮助他们，让他们感受到我们中国人的热情。
（2）if省略结构
if so如果这样的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if not如果不是这样的话
2.动词不定式的省略
在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略动词不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词（短语），只保留动词不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的动词不定式结构中含有be、 have（作助动词用），通常保留be或have。
Firstly， people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to.
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时，可能会感到是被迫的。
　单句语法填空
①（2025·湖南雅礼中学月考）People gather in public spaces and light incense （香） and candles 　　　　　　offering food， drinks and other items to the gods.
②I hope it will be fine this Sunday. If 　　　　　　， we’ll go for an outing.
③Though 　　　　　　（face） great pressure， the speakers bravely overcame it.
④Music and art， when 　　　　　　（use） in hospitals， help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress， anxiety and blood pressure.
⑤While 　　　　　　（stand） there， he heard a cry for help.
三、倒装句
1.完全倒装
表示时间、地点或方位的副词或介词短语（here、 there、 now、 then、 out、 in、 up、 down、 away、 on the wall、 in the room等）置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。
There stands a big tree full of fruit on one side of the stream.
在小溪的一边有一棵硕果累累的大树。
2.部分倒装
（1）将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构，这类词（组）有never、 seldom、 rarely、 little、 few、 at no time、 by no means、 no longer、 hardly/scarcely ...when ...、 no sooner ...than ...、 not only ...but also ...、 not until、 nowhere、 neither ...nor ...等。
Never will I give up my dream of becoming an astronaut.
我永远不会放弃成为一名宇航员的梦想。
Not only does Shuey Rhon Rhon imply tolerance， integration， harvest， warmth and light， but it also represents friendship， courage and strength.
雪容融不仅象征着宽容、融合、收获、温暖和光明，还代表着友谊、勇气和力量。
（2）“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
Only in this way will we get through the darkest time.
只有这样，我们才能度过最黑暗的时刻。
Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can you behave properly.
只有当你更好地了解中国的餐桌礼仪时，你才能表现得体。
（3）so/such ...that ...结构中的so、 such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.
这场排球比赛意义重大，每个人都应该提前到达我们学校的体育馆。
（4）as引导让步状语从句时，必须将从句的表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。though引导让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装；although引导让步状语从句不倒装。句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式：
①形容词/副词＋as＋主语＋连系动词be/实义动词；
②名词＋as＋主语＋连系动词be （注意句首的名词不带冠词）；
③实义动词＋as＋主语＋助动词（如果没有助动词，则要加上do/does/did）。
Tired as/though we are， we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
虽然我们很累，但我们为自己感到自豪，并相信我们可以为一个更美好的世界做更多的事情。
Much as I admire his courage， I don’t think he acted wisely.
我虽然很佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不明智的。
Child as he is， he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。
Try as he may， he never succeeds.
尽管他很努力，但他从未成功。
（5）表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”，其中so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义。
I’m so excited at the news and so are my friends Mary and Tom.
我对这个消息感到兴奋，我的朋友玛丽和汤姆也是。
　单句语法填空
①But here 　　　　　　（come） a problem： Should we clone humans？
②Not until recently 　　　　　　they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
③Absurd 　　　　　　it might sound， everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
④Only after I talked to two students 　　　　I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
⑤So clearly 　　　　　　　　he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
四、其他句式
1.感叹句
（1）由what引导的感叹句：
①What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
②What＋形容词＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
③What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词！
What a strange plant！ I’ve never seen it before.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过它。
What terrible problems we would face！
我们将面临多么严重的问题啊！
（2）由how引导的感叹句：
①How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
②How＋形容词（＋a/an）＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
③How＋形容词/副词！
How beautiful the flowers are！
这些花儿多美啊！
2.there be结构
（1）there be结构可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用，并且该结构中的be有时可用 live、 remain、 stand、 lie、 exist、 seem to be、 appear to be、 happen to be、 used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
从那时起，我们国家有了很多巨大的变化。
Once upon a time， there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
（2）there be结构的常考句型：
①There is no point/sense （in） doing sth
做某事没有意义
②There is no doubt that ...
毫无疑问……
③There is no need （for sb） to do sth
（某人）没有必要做某事
④There is no/a possibility of （doing） sth/that ...
（做）某事没有/有可能性
This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent， but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
这并不意味着我们正变得比以前更聪明或是不如以前聪明，但是毫无疑问，我们使用记忆力的方式正在发生变化。
3.祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
（1）祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you（常省略，也可不省）。祈使句的否定式一般在动词原形前加don’t或never。祈使句的强调形式可以在谓语动词前面加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
（2）“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句”可以表示假设。
Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the experimental result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果。
Start out right away， or we’ll miss the first train.
现在立刻出发，否则我们将会错过首班火车。
　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 a fantastic Chinese painting show it is！
②　　　　　　 beautiful the West Lake is！
③Get dressed quickly， 　　　　　　you’ll be late for school.
When 　　　　（ride） a bicycle， you don’t use petrol.
分析：riding　主从句的主语一致，从句中省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为When you are riding a bicycle。
It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house 　　　　we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
分析：that　此处是强调句：It was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分。本句强调的是时间状语。
一、模拟选萃
1.Professor Salovery，who invented the term EQ，gives the following description：At work，it is IQ 　　　　　　gets you promoted.
2.　　　　　　 （sit） in the first row is my headteacher，who will deliver a speech on the stage.
3.Although 　　　　　　（warn） several times，the boy still went swimming in the river.
4.Present at the party last night 　　　　　　（be） Mr Green and many other guests.
5.Some of you may have finished the text. 　　　　　　so， you can go on to the next.
6.The brave boy 　　　　　　（do） save a baby in the lake but he didn’t tell anyone.
二、高考连线
7.（天津卷）It was when I got back to my apartment 　　　　　　I first came across my new neighbors.
8.（上海卷）But like so many other things，it is only too much stress 　　　　　　does you harm.
9.（天津卷）Only when Lily walked into the office 　　　　　　（do） she realize that she had left the contract at home.
10.（湖北卷）Into the complete silence of the waiting class 　　　　　　（come） the teacher’s sweet voice，“Good morning， children.”
一、词语推敲
1.not until ...
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）直到我的老师带我到校园布告栏，在那里我看到了获奖名单，我才相信我能得奖。
Not until my teacher took me to the campus noticeboard where I saw the winner list did I believe I could win the prize.
运用：直到昨天我才得知我们班这个周末要开一个重要的会议——正好是我们要见面的时间。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that our class was going to hold an important meeting this weekend — exactly the time when we shall meet.
2.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
（新高考Ⅰ卷）我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持下去，你会成功的。”
I was about to give up when my teacher shouted at me，“Keep up， and you will make it.”
运用：埃莉（Elli）说：“快点，否则熊会追上我们的。”
“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，” said Elli.
3.强调句
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）正是我的老师很体贴地鼓励我去参加，鼓励我发挥自己讲故事的潜力。
It was my teacher who/that was considerate enough to encourage me to attend it，inspiring me to take advantage of my potential in telling stories.
运用：（2022·1月浙江卷）正是在那个文化节上，你分享了很多关于你们国家的有趣的事情。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　about your country.
4.“only＋状语（从句）”位于句首的倒装句
（2023·全国乙卷）从这件事中我明白了，只有通过不断的练习，我才能真正学会一项新技能。
From this I understand that only by practising constantly can I truly learn a new skill.
运用：（2022·全国甲卷）只有当所有人都努力保护海洋时，海洋环境才会变得越来越好。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 better and better.
5.倒装句（so＋adj.＋be＋sb/sth＋that从句）
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）大卫如此坚定，他终于到达了终点，所有的学生都为他欢呼。
So determined was David that he finally reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him.
运用：伯纳德（Bernard）是如此开心以至于他给了约翰一个大大的拥抱。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that he gave John a big hug.
6.完全倒装
（浙江卷）我的爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，他们看起来既悲伤又焦虑。
Beside the old truck stood my dad and mom， looking sad and anxious.
运用：后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚（tumble）的狗。
In the backyard 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
7.not only ...but （also）...倒装
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）从那时起，我不仅掌握了良好的写作能力，而且我也知道了一个真理：恐惧永远不会创造未来，但希望可以。
From then on， not only did I have a good command of writing， but I also knew the truth： Fear never builds the future， but hope does.
运用：（2022·全国甲卷）海洋不仅给我们提供了充足的食物，而且它还维持了自然界的平衡。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 offer us sufficient food， 　　　　　　　　　　　　the balance of nature.
二、语篇打造
　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意特殊句式的运用。
　　My favourite proverb is “Where there’s a will， there’s a way.” It means that only if we stick to our dreams and never give up 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我们才能克服各种各样的困难）.
　　Memories rushed to my mind when I saw this topic.2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在高中的时候）， I had great enthusiasm for English and intended to take part in an English speech contest.However， 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在准备比赛的时候）， I found it very challenging to collect information and use the language correctly.I was about to give up when my dad noticed and offered this proverb to me.Thanks to my father’s encouragement， I spared no effort to solve every problem with confidence.If it hadn’t helped me， I couldn’t have won the prize finally.Only then 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我才意识到坚强的意志是多么重要）！
　　In a word， 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （这句谚语不仅使我勇敢地面对困难）， but it also contributes much to keeping confident all the time. Therefore， keep in mind： Where there’s a will， there’s a way.Success comes to those who never give up.
疑难突破二
如何辨别强调句和三种从句
强调句 基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分 这一句型中的It没有指代意义。当去掉It is/was和后面的that/who时，句子在结构上仍然完整，句意上仍然通顺，只是不再突出强调某一成分
主语 从句 开头的It是形式主语，主语从句是真正的主语
定语从句 that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
时间状语从句 it表示时间
【题组1】 （1）It is Chinese’s becoming an official UNWTO language　　　　 will help China’s tourism industry grow.
（2）It really matters 　　　　he treated the latest failure， for the examination is around the corner.
分析：（1）that　句意：中文成为联合国世界旅游组织的官方语言将有助于中国旅游业的发展。把It is和横线去掉，剩下的部分句子结构完整且意义通顺，因此可以确定此处是强调句，被强调部分是Chinese’s becoming an official UNWTO language。
（2）how　句意：他如何对待最近的失败非常重要，因为考试即将到来。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，真正的主语是he treated the latest failure，且此部分主谓宾俱全，应该考虑填连接副词。根据句意可知，此处表示“他如何对待最近的失败”。
【题组2】 （1）It is novels 　　　　Miss William enjoys reading.
（2）It is a question 　　　　needs careful consideration.
分析：（1）that　句意：威廉小姐喜欢阅读小说。把It is和横线去掉，剩下的部分句子结构完整且意义通顺，因此可以确定此处是强调句，被强调部分是novels。
（2）which/that　句意：它是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。句中It有词义，因此排除强调句。从句中缺少主语，修饰question，因此判断此处为定语从句。
【题组3】 （1）It was at six o’clock 　　　　I got up today.
（2）It was six o’clock 　　　　I got up today.
分析：（1）that　句意：今天我是六点起床的。把It was和横线去掉，剩下的部分句子结构完整且意义通顺，因此可以确定此处是强调句，被强调部分是at six o’clock。
（2）when　句意：今天我起床时六点了。句中It表示时间，因此可以确定此处引导时间状语从句。
第四讲　特殊句式
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练1
①that　②that　③that　④that
即时演练2
①while/when　②so　③facing　④used　⑤standing
即时演练3
①comes　②did　③as/though　④did　⑤does
即时演练4
①What　②How　③or
【培育·学科素养】
单句语法填空
1.that　2.Sitting　3.warned　4.were　5.If　6.did　7.that
8.that　9.did　10.came
语法链接写作
一、1.Not until yesterday was I informed
2.Hurry up， or the bear will catch up with us
3.It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things
4.Only when all the people make their efforts to protect the ocean will the ocean environment become
5.So happy was Bernard
6.were two happy dogs tumbling about on the grassland
7.Not only does the ocean； but it also maintains
二、1.will we be able to overcome all kinds of difficulties
2.When in high school
3.when preparing for it
4.did I realise how important a strong will is
5.not only does the proverb enable me to face the difficulties bravely
8 / 8第一讲　状语从句
一、时间状语从句
连词 基本意义 用法
when， while， as 当……的时候 as可译为“在……的时候，一边……一边……，随着，正当”；while多用于持续性的动作或状态；when后接短暂性或持续性动词均可
as soon as， the moment， the instant， the minute， the second， immediately， directly， hardly/scarcely ...when ...， no sooner ...than ... 一……就…… 在hardly/scarcely ...when ...和no sooner ...than ... 结构中，when/than前的主句通常用过去完成时，when/than引导的从句通常用一般过去时；hardly/scarcely和no sooner提至句首时，它们所在的主句要部分倒装
before； after 在……之前； 在……之后 It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……才…… It was not long before ... 没过多久就…… It won’t be long before ... 不久就会…… It will be＋时间段＋before ... 要过……才……
until/till 直到 强调句：It is not until ...that ...
since；by the time 自从……；到……时 since引导时间状语从句时，主句通常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；by the time引导从句时，主句通常用过去完成时或将来完成时
each/every time， the next time， the last time， the first time， any time，whenever 每次；下次；上次/最后一次；第一次；任何时候；无论何时 引导的从句通常用一般现在时
When I was walking along the street， I met a friend of mine.
当我在街上散步时，我遇见了我的一个朋友。
It was raining when I started.
我出发时正在下雨。
While some people are motivated by a need for success， others are motivated by a fear of failure.
当一些人被成功的需求驱动的时候，另一些人却被失败的恐惧驱动着。
We had hardly sat down to have supper when the phone rang.
我们刚坐下吃晚餐，这时电话响了。
If you miss this chance， it will be years before you get another one.
如果你错过了这个机会，那要过很多年你才能获得另一个。
He has been working in a bank since leaving school.
毕业后他一直在一家银行工作。
He didn’t know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
By the time you have finished this book， your meal will get cold.
等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。
Every time I express an opinion， she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 the average age of the population increases， there are more and more old people to care for.
②By the time the rescue team arrived， the violent rainstorm 　　　　　　（sweep） the whole town， causing great economic loss and many broken families.
③　　　　　　（immediate） they appeared， they were greeted with a burst of applause.
④No sooner had Huawei’s new phone been launched 　　　　　　it sold out and received popularity.
⑤It could easily be another year 　　　　　　the economy starts to show some improvement.
二、让步状语从句
连词 用法
although/though 从句不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用
as/though as引导的从句必须倒装；though引导的从句可倒装也可不倒装
while 表示“虽然，尽管”，从句一般放在主句前，用逗号隔开
even though/ even if 表示“即使，尽管”
whether ...or ... 表示“不管……还是……”
疑问词＋-ever 表示“无论，不管”，相当于“no matter＋相应的疑问词”
Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important， it’s never a good idea to exercise close to bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼从来都不是一个好主意。
Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。
Try as/though he might， he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。
Tim is in good shape physically even if/though he doesn’t do much exercise.
尽管蒂姆不怎么锻炼，但他身体状况很好。
No matter how/However hard you try， it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力，不减少饭量，减肥很难。
All people， whether they are old or young， rich or poor， have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
自从灾后，所有人，无论年老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助需要帮助的人们。
　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 we have learned a lot about the universe， there is much we still don’t know.
②He keeps taking exercise 　　　　　　cold it is in winter.
③Young 　　　　　　he is， he can read and write in several foreign languages.
④　　　　　　　　　 she comes here or we go there， the topic of the discussion will remain.
⑤Consequently， 　　　　　　something unhappy happens among us， I’ll be in others’ shoes.
三、条件状语从句
连词 含义 例句
if 如果 They agreed to lend us the car if we promised to return it before the weekend. You should go to school unless you are seriously ill. As long as we don’t lose heart， we will succeed. Providing they do not panic， I believe that their chances of survival will be beyond 95 per cent.
unless 除非，如果不 （＝if ...not）
as/so long as 只要
in case 如果
on condition that 条件是
supposing 假如
provided/providing 如果
　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 you can sleep well， you will lose the ability to focus， plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
②　　　　　　　　　 we make good use of public transport， the environment will be better.
③　　　　　　 （suppose） you are wrong， what will you do then？
四、其他状语从句
类型 连词 例句 注意事项
原因 状语 从句 because、since、as、for、now （that） He didn’t go to school because he was ill. We thought that， since we were in the area， we’d stop by and see them. As he is a League member， he takes the lead in everything in his class. because语气最强，回答why提出的问题；since次之；as最弱；as引导的从句往往放在主句前面；for后面的并列分句往往表示一种附带的解释或说明
结果 状语 从句 so ...that ...、such ...that ...、so that He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him. It was such an interesting novel that I read it three times. I got up late so that I missed the early bus. 在so ...that ...和such ...that ...结构中，so为副词，后接形容词或副词，而such为限定词，后面只能接名词或名词性短语
方式 状语 从句 as、 just as、 as if、 as though We should work and study as he did. They talked as if they had been friends for years. as if、as though在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况，常用虚拟语气
比较 状语 从句 as ...as ...、not as/so ...as、比较级＋than He works as hard as everyone else （does） in the class. He is taller than any other student in our class. 可以用比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义：比较级＋than＋any other＋单数可数名词
目的 状语 从句 so that、in order that、for fear that、 in case （that） She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university. Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain. 从句中常用may、 might、 can、 could、 should等情态动词
　单句语法填空
①So excited was I on hearing this news 　　　　　　I signed up without much thought.
②The house has been greatly damaged by the truck and we’d better leave it 　　　　it is until the police arrive.
③Leave your key with your neighbour 　　　　case you lock yourself out one day.
On our way to the house， it was raining 　　　　　　hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
分析：so　句型判断法。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得那么大以至于我们不禁想还要多久才能到达那里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，so ...that ...（如此……以至于……）引导结果状语从句。
Dujiangyan Panda Base is the most convenient one 　　　　　　it is near to Chengdu City.
分析：because　逻辑判断法。句意：都江堰熊猫基地是最方便的，因为它靠近成都市。根据句意可知，前后两分句构成因果关系。
一、模拟选萃
1.If you are travelling 　　　　　　the customs are totally different from your own， you may feel a cultural shock.
2.I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate 　　　　　　an old man with a huge bag sat down across from me.
3.Convenient 　　　　　　computers are， handwriting still plays an important role in the modern world.
4.　　　　　　 fierce the competition is， there is a good chance that our team will win as long as we have made full preparations.
5.We were in such an anxious rush 　　　　we forgot to take the airline tickets when we left.
6.This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved 　　　　　　we work well together.
二、高考连线
7.（天津卷改编）Feeling fearful is healthy 　　　　　　it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
8.（天津卷改编）We all need to get involved in saving energy 　　　　　　it’s at work， at home， or at school.
9.（全国Ⅲ卷）　　　　　　 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary （传奇的） artist， they smiled and pointed down the river.
10.（天津卷改编）—Why do people like pop music？ I hate it so much.
—Even 　　　　　　it is not your style， that doesn’t mean it is bad.
一、词语推敲
1.as引导时间状语从句
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）第二天我们在出发地见面时，我向他表达了深深的感激之情。
As we met the following day at the departure place， I expressed my great gratitude to him.
运用：随着时间的流逝，记忆会褪色，但真正友谊的本质却永远不变。
　　　　　　　　， memories fade but the essence of true friendship remains eternal.
2.the moment引导时间状语从句
（2023·全国乙卷）一把盘子放在桌子上，我的父母就对我竖起大拇指。
The moment I put the dishes on the table， my parents gave me the thumbs up.
运用：他一踏上舞台，观众就满怀期待地安静下来。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the audience fell silent in anticipation.
3.whatever引导让步状语从句
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）的确，我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了坚持不懈地追求自己的梦想，不管遇到什么困难。
Indeed， I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance， whatever difficulties might arise.
运用：无论我们在通往成功的道路上遇到什么困难，我们都必须记住它们只是暂时的挫折。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 on the road to success， we must remember that they are only temporary setbacks.
4.once引导时间状语从句
（2023·全国乙卷）一回到家，我们就开始仔细地清洗它们。
Once we got back home， we began to wash them carefully.
运用：一旦你敞开心扉去爱，一个全新的世界就会在你面前展开。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， a whole new world unfolds before you.
5.so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）你在英语口语方面如此精通，我们都会从你的演讲中受益匪浅。
You are so expert at spoken English that we all will benefit much from your speech.
运用：（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）写作对我来说是如此困难和痛苦，以至于我的老师允许我通过表演一出戏剧来展示我的关于“泰坦尼克号”沉没的论文，我在剧中扮演了所有角色。
Writing was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts.
二、语篇打造
　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意连接词的运用。
Dear Peter，
　　Glad to hear from you and you’re welcome to China in July.I’m greatly willing to introduce some significant Chinese customs to you.
　　Firstly， we greet each other by saying “Hello” or asking such questions as “Where are you going？” or “Are you busy？” to express our care.Secondly， 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （当受到表扬时，我们回答“哦，不！”或者“过奖了”来表现出礼貌）.Additionally， 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （当收到礼物时，我们通常会说“没必要”，也会说“谢谢”以示礼貌，然后把它收起来）.Finally， at dinner parties， we talk loudly and clink glasses 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （当我们为某人的健康或成功祝酒时） to show that we’re warm.
　　Anyhow， different cultures， different customs.4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （如果你入乡随俗，你会在这里待得更愉快）.
　　I hope what’s mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a pleasant journey.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第一讲　状语从句
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练1
①As　②had swept　③Immediately　④than　⑤before
即时演练2
①Although/Though/While　②however　③as/though
④Whether　⑤whenever
即时演练3
①Unless　②If　③Supposing
即时演练4
①that　②as　③in
【培育·学科素养】
单句语法填空
1.where　2.when　3.as/though　4.However　5.that
6.unless　7.because　8.whether　9.When/As　10.if/though
语法链接写作
一、1.As time goes by
2.The moment he stepped onto the stage
3.Whatever difficulties we encounter
4.Once you open your heart to love
5.so difficult and painful for me that
二、1.when praised， we reply with “Oh， no！” or “I’m flattered.” to show good manners
2.when receiving a gift， we usually say “It’s unnecessary.” as well as “Thanks.” to show politeness and then put it away
3.when drinking to someone’s health or success
4.If you do as the Romans do when in Rome， you’ll enjoy more of your stay here
5 / 5(共38张PPT)
第二讲　定语从句
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
01
巩固
必备知识
02
培育
学科素养
1
巩固·必备知识
归纳整合，高效落实
　　在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
（一）who/whom/whose引导的定语从句
用法 例句
who和whom指人；who在定语
从句中作主语或宾语；whom
在定语从句中作宾语，在限制
性定语从句中可省略；在口语
中可用who代替whom On behalf of those who feel like making
progress in English， I sincerely invite
you to deliver a speech in our English
program at 7：00 pm on Friday.
The student who/whom you talked to
just now is my best friend.
用法 例句
whose既可指人，也可指物；
在从句中作定语，表示先行词
的所有格，即 whose 前的先行
词和whose之后的名词有所属
关系 My eldest son， whose work takes him
all over the world， is in New York at
the moment.
He lives in a room whose window is
broken.
（二）that/which/as引导的定语从句
1. 只用that引导定语从句的情况
（1）先行词是all、 much、 little、 something、 everything、
anything、 nothing、 none等不定代词时。
If I run into anything that might interest you， I’ll send it to you.
如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西，我会把它寄给你。
（2）先行词被the only、 any、 few、 no、 very等修饰时。
After the fire in his house， the old car is the only thing that he owned.
他家失火后，那辆旧轿车是他唯一的财产了。
（3）先行词是形容词的最高级、序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词
修饰时。
That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.
那是迄今为止在这个城市上映的最好的电影。
（4）先行词既有人也有物时。
My mother and her old friends talked of persons and things that they
remembered in the school.
我母亲和她的老朋友们谈论了她们所记得的在学校里的人和事。
2. 只用which引导定语从句的情况
（1）先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。
His best movie， which won several awards， was about the life of
Gandhi.
他最优秀的电影，就是荣获几项大奖的那一部，是关于甘地生平的。
（2）先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词
之前时。
I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I
saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
（3）引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体
概念或部分概念时。
She lost the game， which depressed her greatly.
她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。
3. which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
引导词 位置上 搭配上 意思上
which 只能放在先行词的后面 无动词的限制 这
as 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可位于句末 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、
know、expect、remember等 正如……、
正像……
的那样
She changed her idea again， which was unexpected.
她又改变主意了，这是始料不及的。
She changed her idea again， as we expected.
正如我们所预料的那样，她又改变主意了。
　单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in
contemporary design， to house the plants of the southwestern part of
China at the end of a path retracing （追溯） the steps along the Silk
Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia
to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
that/which　
②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating （纪
念） Tang Xianzu， is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”，
add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon， William
Shakespeare’s hometown.
③（2024·1月浙江卷）Of course， shops are not charities — they price
goods in the way will make them the most money.
④（2023·全国甲卷）Yet， the form of the fable still has values
today， Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
⑤ （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger
protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range
and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
who　
that/which　
as　
that　
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
先行词 关系副词 句法功
能 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time、 day、 year等 when 时间状语 ＝at/in/on/durin
g which
表示场所的名词：park、
place、country、house等 where 地点状语 ＝at/in/on/to
which
表示理由的名词：the reason why 原因状语 ＝for which
He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education.
在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend， where we enjoyed a
splendid view of the lake.
我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your
lecture last time.
我写信是想向你解释我上次没去听你讲课的原因。
点津
（1）当先行词为point、 situation、 case、 stage等表示抽象地点
的名词时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导
定语从句；
（2）当先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场
合”时，用关系副词where；
（3）当先行词way意为“方法，方式”，且关系词在从句中作状语
时，可用that、in which或省略关系词三种形式。
I have come to the point where I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
　单句语法填空
①In the spring， a season we are learning new rhythms of
life， many of us find comfort in the natural world.
②5G commercial service’s being officially launched has opened a new
digital age， people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be
upgraded.
③The reason the injection needs repeating every year is that the
virus changes.
④Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but
not full sentences.
when　
when　
why　
where　
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词若表示人，只能用whom；
关系代词若表示事物，只能用which。
类别 句法功能 示例
介词＋关系代词
（which/whom） 宾语 In the dark street， there wasn’t a single
person to whom she could turn for help.
类别 句法功能 示例
介词＋whose＋名
词 状语 I expressed my sincere gratitude to John， without whose help I couldn’t have finished my task.
名词/代词/数词＋
介词＋关系代词
（which/whom） 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore， three of which were English novels.
点津
“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定
（1）根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.
（be interested in）
物理是我们学校每个学生都感兴趣的课程。
（2）根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the
country.（during the time）
我永远不会忘记我童年时在乡下度过的那段时光。
（3）根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas， without which we can’t live， is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体叫氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
　单句语法填空
①Our English teacher， with help we have made great
progress in English， has completed thirty years of teaching.
②Hua Mulan， the story of has been told by generations in
China， was a fighter in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
③There are many different tea sets and almost all kinds of tea in his
home， most of I can’t name.
whose　
whom　
which　
④（2025·广东六校模拟）According to the inscription， after the
completion of the temple， the local medicine expert meeting was
organised here on 28 April in most years of the Qing Dynasty，
during all kinds of talented people performed， and the vocal
music lasted for more than ten days， said Wang Jianping， an expert in
literature and history of the county.
⑤（2025·嘉兴二模）In Pure Teahouses， people do nothing but drink
tea， most of are unoccupied people or the young from the rich
family.
which　
whom　
（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also
a place 　　　　welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，
with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with
historical buildings of the past.
分析：that/which　句中先行词为place，指物，从句中缺少主语，应
用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。
（2022·全国甲卷）On the 1，100-kilometer journey， the man Cao
Shengkang， 　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car
accident， crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
分析：who　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cao
Shengkang，指人，从句中缺少主语，应用who引导该定语从句。
2
培育·学科素养
精准训练，稳步提升
一、模拟选萃
1. （2025·安阳联考）However， from the late Qing Dynasty onward，
its city walls were gradually torn down， one brick at a time， by
locals， used the bricks as building materials for their own
homes.
2. （2025·湖南名校联盟）The language is taught in more than 190
countries and regions， among 85 have included Chinese
lessons in their national education systems.
who　
which　
3. （2025·济南模拟）The restaurant is also fitted with a smart
machine serves up coffee， milk， and ice cream.
4. （2025·浙江强基联盟）Her artistic vision， respects the
erhu’s history， is shared by other performers.
5. （2025·湖南部分学校联考）Taiwan， China， is where bubble tea
was originally consumed and introduced， and one of the biggest drinkers
of bubble tea is Thailand， each person had six cups of bubble
tea on average monthly in December 2019.
that/which　
which　
where　
6. （2025·衡阳一模）The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked
before Qingming， which is observed in early April the
temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases.
when　
二、高考连线
7. （2024·北京卷）Tinniswood， doesn’t smoke and rarely
drinks， credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long
life.
8. （2023·北京卷）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in
Chicago， thousands were attending a water conference.
9. （2022·天津卷）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of
the traveler， for routes round a city or a site are often
suggested.
10. （天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of
past mistakes from we can learn without repeating them.
who　
where　
whom　
which　
一、词语推敲
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句运用于写作
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）我们被要求画一些给我们留下深刻印象的东
西。
We were asked to draw or paint something that impressed us most.
运用：（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）你给我的诸多鼓励激发了我写作的动力。
A great deal of encouragement inspired my
motivation for writing.
which you gave me　
（2023·全国甲卷）孔子的影响在现代中国社会仍然可以看到，
他的学说继续被研究和应用于日常生活中。
Confucius’ influence can still be seen in modern Chinese society，
where his teachings continue to be studied and applied in daily life.
运用：首先，我们会带你们参观我们的学校，然后在当地的一家餐馆
吃饭，在那里你们可以尝尝地道的中国菜。
First， you’ll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local
restaurant， .
where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food　
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句运用于写作
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）那么，为什么他突然强迫我做一件我肯定会
失败的事情呢？
So， why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure
to fail？
运用：（2022·全国乙卷）对于学生们来说，使他们受益最大的就是
读英语书籍，他们可以从中学习在课堂上学不到的东西。
For students，what is most beneficial to them is reading English
books， .
from which they can learn what they can’t in class　
3. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句运用于写作
（2024·全国甲卷）今天，我想重点介绍一些重大发展，包括共
享单车、高铁和新能源汽车。
Today I’d like to focus on some major developments， which include
shared bicycles， high-speed trains and new energy vehicles.
运用：（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）我解释了我为什么选择这个特殊的主
题，甚至在舞台上表演了一个角色，扮演里维尔的马，这让观众
笑了出来。
I explained why I chose this special subject and even acted out one role-
play as Revere’s horse on the stage，
.
which made the audience laugh
out　
4. 非限制性定语从句运用于写作
二、语篇打造
　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意定语从句的运用。
　　1. （众所周知），
high school life is an important turning point and 2.
（高中校园是学生
学习和生活的重要场所）.My classmates and I decided to do something
for the coming graduation.Having had a heated discussion， we agreed on
making a video to record our experiences at school.
As is universally known/As is known to all　
high school campus
is an important place where students study and live　
　　Material collecting took us a whole week， 3.

（在此期间，我们采访了我们的老师，并拍摄了我们学校生活
的各个方面）.Some compromises were unavoidable， but the video
turned out perfect.4. （播放录
像的那一天）， it was well received.Students and teachers in our school
shared a great time， 5.
（这当然给了我们很大的成就感）.
during which we
interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of our school
lives　
That day when the video was played　
which surely gave us a great sense of
achievement　
演示完毕 感谢观看 !(共51张PPT)
第四讲　特殊句式
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
01
巩固
必备知识
02
培育
学科素养
1
巩固·必备知识
归纳整合，高效落实
一、强调句
1. 强调句的基本句型结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其
他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当
被强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注
意被强调的主语与that后面的谓语的一致性。
It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.
是我们的老师帮助我们取得了巨大的进步。
2. 强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句
子其他部分？
Was it in the park that he met our new teacher？
他是在公园里遇到了我们的新老师吗？
3. 强调句的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其
他部分？
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么时
候决定上这门课的？
点津
由疑问词引导的强调结构作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错
拿了他的伞。
4. not ... until ...句型的强调结构：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋
that＋句子其他部分。
It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed.
昨天晚上直到十二点我才去睡觉。
5. 用助动词do、 does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般
过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
His parents did manage to send him to a technical school.
他父母确实设法把他送到了一所技术学校。
　单句语法填空
①I can’t remember what it was made the teacher give Mary the
permission to leave the class earlier.
②（2025·安阳联考）It was in the early 1980s local authorities
began to repair the town’s older structures.
③It was not until we heard that she was safe and sound we
finally breathed a sigh of relief.
④Was it yesterday you met your teacher in the street？
that　
that　
that　
that　
二、省略句
1. 状语从句中的省略
（1）当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且
主语和主句的主语一致或其主语是it时，可以省略状语从句中的主语
和be动词。
When seeing foreign friends， we should warmly help them， making
them feel the enthusiasm of our Chinese.
当见到外国朋友时，我们应该热情地帮助他们，让他们感受到我们中
国人的热情。
（2）if省略结构
if so如果这样的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if not如果不是这样的话
2. 动词不定式的省略
在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略动词不定式中和前面句子
中相同的动词（短语），只保留动词不定式符号to，否定形式的省略
用not to。但如果省略的动词不定式结构中含有be、 have（作助动词
用），通常保留be或have。
Firstly， people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t
want to.
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时，可能会感到是被
迫的。
　单句语法填空
①（2025·湖南雅礼中学月考）People gather in public spaces and light
incense （香） and candles offering food， drinks and
other items to the gods.
②I hope it will be fine this Sunday. If ， we’ll go for an outing.
③Though （face） great pressure， the speakers bravely
overcame it.
④Music and art， when （use） in hospitals， help to improve
the conditions of patients by reducing stress， anxiety and blood pressure.
⑤While （stand） there， he heard a cry for help.
while/when　
so　
facing　
used　
standing　
三、倒装句
1. 完全倒装
表示时间、地点或方位的副词或介词短语（here、 there、 now、
then、 out、 in、 up、 down、 away、 on the wall、 in the room等）置
于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。
There stands a big tree full of fruit on one side of the stream.在小溪的一
边有一棵硕果累累的大树。
2. 部分倒装
（1）将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构，
这类词（组）有never、 seldom、 rarely、 little、 few、 at no time、
by no means、 no longer、 hardly/scarcely ...when ...、 no
sooner ...than ...、 not only ...but also ...、 not until、 nowhere、
neither ...nor ...等。
Never will I give up my dream of becoming an astronaut.
我永远不会放弃成为一名宇航员的梦想。
Not only does Shuey Rhon Rhon imply tolerance， integration，
harvest， warmth and light， but it also represents friendship， courage
and strength.
雪容融不仅象征着宽容、融合、收获、温暖和光明，还代表着友谊、
勇气和力量。
（2）“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
Only in this way will we get through the darkest time.
只有这样，我们才能度过最黑暗的时刻。
Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can
you behave properly.
只有当你更好地了解中国的餐桌礼仪时，你才能表现得体。
（3）so/such ...that ...结构中的so、 such连同它所修饰的成分共同
位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our
school stadium ahead of schedule.
这场排球比赛意义重大，每个人都应该提前到达我们学校的体育馆。
（4）as引导让步状语从句时，必须将从句的表语、状语或动词原形
提到as前面。though引导让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装；although引
导让步状语从句不倒装。句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式：
①形容词/副词＋as＋主语＋连系动词be/实义动词；
②名词＋as＋主语＋连系动词be （注意句首的名词不带冠词）；
③实义动词＋as＋主语＋助动词（如果没有助动词，则要加上
do/does/did）。
Tired as/though we are， we are proud of ourselves and believe we can
do more for a better world.
虽然我们很累，但我们为自己感到自豪，并相信我们可以为一个更美
好的世界做更多的事情。
Much as I admire his courage， I don’t think he acted wisely.
我虽然很佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不明智的。
Child as he is， he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。
Try as he may， he never succeeds.
尽管他很努力，但他从未成功。
（5）表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构
“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”，其中so表示肯定
意义，neither/nor表示否定意义。
I’m so excited at the news and so are my friends Mary and Tom.
我对这个消息感到兴奋，我的朋友玛丽和汤姆也是。
　单句语法填空
①But here （come） a problem： Should we clone humans？
②Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-
related activities in the rural areas.
③Absurd it might sound， everyone present was amused
by his adventure story in Africa.
④Only after I talked to two students I discover that having strong
motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
⑤So clearly he speak English that he can always make himself
understood.
comes　
did　
as/though　
did　
does　
四、其他句式
1. 感叹句
（1）由what引导的感叹句：
①What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
②What＋形容词＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
③What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词！
What a strange plant！ I’ve never seen it before.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过它。
What terrible problems we would face！
我们将面临多么严重的问题啊！
（2）由how引导的感叹句：
①How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
②How＋形容词（＋a/an）＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
③How＋形容词/副词！
How beautiful the flowers are！
这些花儿多美啊！
2. there be结构
（1）there be结构可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连
用，并且该结构中的be有时可用 live、 remain、 stand、 lie、 exist、
seem to be、 appear to be、 happen to be、 used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
从那时起，我们国家有了很多巨大的变化。
Once upon a time， there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
（2）there be结构的常考句型：
①There is no point/sense （in） doing sth
做某事没有意义
②There is no doubt that ...
毫无疑问……
③There is no need （for sb） to do sth
（某人）没有必要做某事
④There is no/a possibility of （doing） sth/that ...
（做）某事没有/有可能性
This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent， but
there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
这并不意味着我们正变得比以前更聪明或是不如以前聪明，但是毫无
疑问，我们使用记忆力的方式正在发生变化。
3. 祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
（1）祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you（常省略，也可不省）。祈使
句的否定式一般在动词原形前加don’t或never。祈使句的强调形式可
以在谓语动词前面加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
（2）“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句”可以表示假设。
Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the experimental result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果。
Start out right away， or we’ll miss the first train.
现在立刻出发，否则我们将会错过首班火车。
　单句语法填空
① a fantastic Chinese painting show it is！
② beautiful the West Lake is！
③Get dressed quickly， you’ll be late for school.
What　
How　
or　
When 　　　　 （ride） a bicycle， you don’t use petrol.
分析：riding　主从句的主语一致，从句中省略了主语和be动词，补
充完整为When you are riding a bicycle。
It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house 　　　　 we
saw Lily in the passenger seat.
分析：that　此处是强调句：It was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部
分。本句强调的是时间状语。
2
培育·学科素养
精准训练，稳步提升
一、模拟选萃
1. Professor Salovery，who invented the term EQ，gives the following
description：At work，it is IQ gets you promoted.
2. （sit） in the first row is my headteacher，who will
deliver a speech on the stage.
3. Although （warn） several times，the boy still went
swimming in the river.
4. Present at the party last night （be） Mr Green and many
other guests.
that　
Sitting　
warned　
were　
5. Some of you may have finished the text. so， you can go on to
the next.
6. The brave boy （do） save a baby in the lake but he didn’t
tell anyone.
If　
did　
二、高考连线
7. （天津卷）It was when I got back to my apartment I first
came across my new neighbors.
8. （上海卷）But like so many other things，it is only too much
stress does you harm.
9. （天津卷）Only when Lily walked into the office （do） she
realize that she had left the contract at home.
10. （湖北卷）Into the complete silence of the waiting class
（come） the teacher’s sweet voice，“Good morning， children.”
that　
that　
did　
came　
一、词语推敲
1. not until ...
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）直到我的老师带我到校园布告栏，在那里我
看到了获奖名单，我才相信我能得奖。
Not until my teacher took me to the campus noticeboard where I saw the
winner list did I believe I could win the prize.
运用：直到昨天我才得知我们班这个周末要开一个重要的会议——正
好是我们要见面的时间。
that our class was going to hold an
important meeting this weekend — exactly the time when we shall meet.
Not until yesterday was I informed　
（新高考Ⅰ卷）我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持下去，你
会成功的。”
I was about to give up when my teacher shouted at me，“Keep up， and
you will make it.”
运用：埃莉（Elli）说：“快点，否则熊会追上我们的。”
“ ，” said Elli.
Hurry up， or the bear will catch up with us　
2. 祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）正是我的老师很体贴地鼓励我去参加，鼓励
我发挥自己讲故事的潜力。
It was my teacher who/that was considerate enough to encourage me to
attend it，inspiring me to take advantage of my potential in telling stories.
运用：（2022·1月浙江卷）正是在那个文化节上，你分享了很多关于
你们国家的有趣的事情。
about
your country.
It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things　
3. 强调句
（2023·全国乙卷）从这件事中我明白了，只有通过不断的练
习，我才能真正学会一项新技能。
From this I understand that only by practising constantly can I truly learn
a new skill.
运用：（2022·全国甲卷）只有当所有人都努力保护海洋时，海洋环
境才会变得越来越好。

better and better.
Only when all the people make their efforts to protect the ocean will the
ocean environment become　
4. “only＋状语（从句）”位于句首的倒装句
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）大卫如此坚定，他终于到达了终点，所有的
学生都为他欢呼。
So determined was David that he finally reached the finishing line and all
the students cheered for him.
运用：伯纳德（Bernard）是如此开心以至于他给了约翰一个大大
的拥抱。
that he gave John a big hug.
So happy was Bernard　
5. 倒装句（so＋adj.＋be＋sb/sth＋that从句）
（浙江卷）我的爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，他们看起来既
悲伤又焦虑。
Beside the old truck stood my dad and mom， looking sad and anxious.
运用：后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚（tumble）的狗。
In the backyard
.
were two happy dogs tumbling about on the
grassland　
6. 完全倒装
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）从那时起，我不仅掌握了良好的写作能力，
而且我也知道了一个真理：恐惧永远不会创造未来，但希望可以。
From then on， not only did I have a good command of writing， but I
also knew the truth： Fear never builds the future， but hope does.
运用：（2022·全国甲卷）海洋不仅给我们提供了充足的食物，而且
它还维持了自然界的平衡。
offer us sufficient food，
the balance of nature.
Not only does the ocean　
but it also
maintains　
7. not only ...but （also）...倒装
二、语篇打造
　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意特殊句式的运用。
　　My favourite proverb is “Where there’s a will， there’s a
way.” It means that only if we stick to our dreams and never give up
1. （我们才能克
服各种各样的困难）.
will we be able to overcome all kinds of difficulties　
　　Memories rushed to my mind when I saw this topic.2.
（在高中的时候）， I had great enthusiasm for English
and intended to take part in an English speech contest.However，
3. （在准备比赛的时候）， I found it very
challenging to collect information and use the language correctly.I was
about to give up when my dad noticed and offered this proverb to
me.Thanks to my father’s encouragement， I spared no effort to solve
every problem with confidence.If it hadn’t helped me， I couldn’t
have won the prize finally.Only then 4.
（我才意识到坚强的意志是多么重要）！
When in
high school　
when preparing for it　
did I realise how important a
strong will is　
　　In a word， 5.
（这句谚语不仅使我勇敢地面对困难）， but it
also contributes much to keeping confident all the time. Therefore， keep
in mind： Where there’s a will， there’s a way.Success comes to those
who never give up.
not only does the proverb enable me to face the
difficulties bravely　
疑难突破二
如何辨别强调句和三种从句
强调句 基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分这一句型中的It没有指代意义。当去掉It is/was和后面的that/who时，句子在结构上仍然完整，句意上仍然通顺，只是不再突出强调某一成分
主语从句 开头的It是形式主语，主语从句是真正的主语
定语从句 that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
时间状语从句 it表示时间
【题组1】 （1）It is Chinese’s becoming an official UNWTO
language 　　　　 will help China’s tourism industry grow.
（2）It really matters 　　　　he treated the latest failure， for the
examination is around the corner.
分析：（1）that　句意：中文成为联合国世界旅游组织的官方语言将
有助于中国旅游业的发展。把It is和横线去掉，剩下的部分句子结构
完整且意义通顺，因此可以确定此处是强调句，被强调部分是
Chinese’s becoming an official UNWTO language。
（2）how　句意：他如何对待最近的失败非常重要，因为考试即将到
来。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，真正的主语是he treated the
latest failure，且此部分主谓宾俱全，应该考虑填连接副词。根据句意
可知，此处表示“他如何对待最近的失败”。
【题组2】 （1）It is novels 　　　　 Miss William enjoys reading.
（2）It is a question 　　　　 needs careful consideration.
分析：（1）that　句意：威廉小姐喜欢阅读小说。把It is和横线去
掉，剩下的部分句子结构完整且意义通顺，因此可以确定此处是强调
句，被强调部分是novels。
（2）which/that　句意：它是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。句中It有词
义，因此排除强调句。从句中缺少主语，修饰question，因此判断此
处为定语从句。
【题组3】 （1）It was at six o’clock 　　　　 I got up today.
（2）It was six o’clock 　　　　 I got up today.
分析：（1）that　句意：今天我是六点起床的。把It was和横线去
掉，剩下的部分句子结构完整且意义通顺，因此可以确定此处是强调
句，被强调部分是at six o’clock。
（2）when　句意：今天我起床时六点了。句中It表示时间，因此可以
确定此处引导时间状语从句。
演示完毕 感谢观看 !(共41张PPT)
第一讲　状语从句
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
01
巩固
必备知识
02
培育
学科素养
1
巩固·必备知识
归纳整合，高效落实
连词 基本意义 用法
when， while，
as 当……
的时候 as可译为“在……的时候，一边……一边……，随着，正当”；while多用于持续性的动作或状态；when后接短暂性或持续性动词均可
一、时间状语从句
连词 基本意义 用法
as soon as， the
moment， the
instant， the
minute， the
second， immediately，
directly， hardly/scarcely ..
.when ...， no sooner ...than .
.. 一…
…就
…… 在hardly/scarcely ...when ...和no
sooner ...than ... 结构中，when/than前的主句通常用过去完成时，when/than引导的从句通常用一般过去时；hardly/scarcely和no sooner提至句首时，它们所在的主句要部分倒装
连词 基本意义 用法
before； after 在……之 前； 在……之后 It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……才……
It was not long before ... 没过多久就……
It won’t be long before ... 不久就会……
It will be＋时间段＋before ... 要过……才……
until/till 直到 强调句：It is not until ...that ...
since；by the
time 自从……；
到……时 since引导时间状语从句时，主句通常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；by the time引导从句时，主句通常用过去完成时或将来完成时
连词 基本意义 用法
each/every time， the next time，
the last time， the first time，
any time，whenever 每次；下次；上次/最
后一次；第一次；任何
时候；无论何时 引导的从
句通常用
一般现在
时
When I was walking along the street， I met a friend of mine.
当我在街上散步时，我遇见了我的一个朋友。
It was raining when I started.
我出发时正在下雨。
While some people are motivated by a need for success， others are
motivated by a fear of failure.
当一些人被成功的需求驱动的时候，另一些人却被失败的恐惧驱
动着。
We had hardly sat down to have supper when the phone rang.
我们刚坐下吃晚餐，这时电话响了。
If you miss this chance， it will be years before you get another one.
如果你错过了这个机会，那要过很多年你才能获得另一个。
He has been working in a bank since leaving school.
毕业后他一直在一家银行工作。
He didn’t know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
By the time you have finished this book， your meal will get cold.
等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。
Every time I express an opinion， she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
　单句语法填空
① the average age of the population increases， there are more
and more old people to care for.
②By the time the rescue team arrived， the violent rainstorm
（sweep） the whole town， causing great economic loss and
many broken families.
③ （immediate） they appeared， they were greeted
with a burst of applause.
As　
had
swept　
Immediately　
④No sooner had Huawei’s new phone been launched it sold
out and received popularity.
⑤It could easily be another year the economy starts to show
some improvement.
than　
before　
二、让步状语从句
连词 用法
although/thou
gh 从句不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用
as/though as引导的从句必须倒装；though引导的从句可倒装也可
不倒装
while 表示“虽然，尽管”，从句一般放在主句前，用逗号
隔开
连词 用法
even though/even if 表示“即使，尽管”
whether ...o
r ... 表示“不管……还是……”
疑问词＋-ever 表示“无论，不管”，相当于“no matter＋相应的疑问词”
Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important， it’s never
a good idea to exercise close to bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼从来都不是一个好主意。
Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。
Try as/though he might， he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。
Tim is in good shape physically even if/though he doesn’t do much
exercise.
尽管蒂姆不怎么锻炼，但他身体状况很好。
No matter how/However hard you try， it is difficult to lose weight
without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力，不减少饭量，减肥很难。
All people， whether they are old or young， rich or poor， have been
trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
自从灾后，所有人，无论年老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽
他们所能帮助需要帮助的人们。
　单句语法填空
① we have learned a lot about the universe，
there is much we still don’t know.
②He keeps taking exercise cold it is in winter.
③Young he is， he can read and write in several foreign
languages.
④ she comes here or we go there， the topic of the
discussion will remain.
⑤Consequently， something unhappy happens among
us， I’ll be in others’ shoes.
Although/Though/While　
however　
as/though　
Whether　
whenever　
三、条件状语从句
连词 含义 例句
if 如果 They agreed to lend us the car if we promised to return it before the
weekend.
You should go to school unless you are seriously ill.
As long as we don’t lose heart， we will succeed.
Providing they do not panic， I
believe that their chances of survival will be beyond 95 per cent.
unless 除非，如果不 （＝f ...not）
as/so long as 只要
in case 如果
on condition that 条件是
supposing 假如
provided/providing 如果
　单句语法填空
① you can sleep well， you will lose the ability to focus，
plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
② we make good use of public transport， the environment will be
better.
③ （suppose） you are wrong， what will you do then？
Unless　
If　
Supposing　
四、其他状语从句
类型 连词 例句 注意事项
原因 状语 从句 becaus
e、since
、as、
for、now
（that） He didn’t go to school because he was ill. We thought that， since we were in the area， we’d
stop by and see them. As he is a League member， he takes the lead in everything in his class. because语气最强，回答why提出的问题；since次之；as最弱；as引导的从句往往放在主句前面；for后面的并列分句往往表示一种附带的解释或说明
类型 连词 例句 注意事项
结
果 状
语 从
句 so ...tht ...、
such ...that ...、so that He runs so fast that no one can catch up with
him. It was such an interesting novel that I read it
three times. I got up late so that I missed the early bus. 在so ...that ...和
such ...that ...结构中，so为副词，后接形容词或副词，而such为限定词，后面只能接名词或名词性短语
类
型 连词 例句 注意事项
方
式 状
语 从
句 as、 just as、
as if、 as
though We should work
and study as he
did. They talked as if
they had been
friends for years. as if、as though在方式状语从句
中多指非真实的或可能性较小
的情况，常用虚拟语气
类型 连词 例句 注意事项
比
较 状
语 从
句 as ...as ...、not as/so ...as、比较级＋
than He works as hard as everyone else （does） in the class. He is taller than any other
student in our class. 可以用比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义：比较级＋than＋any other＋单数可数名词
类型 连词 例句 注意事项
目
的 状
语 从
句 so that、in
order that、
for fear
that、 in case
（that） She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university. Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain. 从句中常用may、 might、 can、 could、 should等情态动词
　单句语法填空
①So excited was I on hearing this news I signed up without
much thought.
②The house has been greatly damaged by the truck and we’d better
leave it it is until the police arrive.
③Leave your key with your neighbour case you lock yourself out
one day.
that　
as　
in　
On our way to the house， it was raining 　　　　　　 hard that we
couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
分析：so　句型判断法。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下
得那么大以至于我们不禁想还要多久才能到达那里。根据句意并
分析句子结构可知，so ...that ...（如此……以至于……）引导
结果状语从句。
Dujiangyan Panda Base is the most convenient
one 　　　　　　　　　　 it is near to Chengdu City.
分析：because　逻辑判断法。句意：都江堰熊猫基地是最方便的，因
为它靠近成都市。根据句意可知，前后两分句构成因果关系。
2
培育·学科素养
精准训练，稳步提升
一、模拟选萃
1. If you are travelling the customs are totally different from
your own， you may feel a cultural shock.
2. I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of
chocolate an old man with a huge bag sat down across from
me.
3. Convenient computers are， handwriting still plays an
important role in the modern world.
where　
when　
as/though　
4. fierce the competition is， there is a good chance that
our team will win as long as we have made full preparations.
5. We were in such an anxious rush we forgot to take the airline
tickets when we left.
6. This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be
achieved we work well together.
However　
that　
unless　
二、高考连线
7. （天津卷改编）Feeling fearful is healthy it helps you
slow down and evaluate risks properly.
8. （天津卷改编）We all need to get involved in saving
energy it’s at work，at home，or at school.
9. （全国Ⅲ卷） he asked the villagers on the banks of the
river where he could find the legendary （传奇的） artist， they smiled
and pointed down the river.
because　
whether　
When/As　
10. （天津卷改编）—Why do people like pop music？ I hate it so
much.
—Even it is not your style， that doesn’t mean it is bad.
if/though　
一、词语推敲
1. as引导时间状语从句
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）第二天我们在出发地见面时，我向他表达了
深深的感激之情。
As we met the following day at the departure place， I expressed my great
gratitude to him.
运用：随着时间的流逝，记忆会褪色，但真正友谊的本质却永远
不变。
， memories fade but the essence of true friendship
remains eternal.
As time goes by　
（2023·全国乙卷）一把盘子放在桌子上，我的父母就对我竖起
大拇指。
The moment I put the dishes on the table， my parents gave me the
thumbs up.
运用：他一踏上舞台，观众就满怀期待地安静下来。
， the audience fell silent in
anticipation.
The moment he stepped onto the stage　
2. the moment引导时间状语从句
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）的确，我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了坚持不
懈地追求自己的梦想，不管遇到什么困难。
Indeed， I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with
perseverance， whatever difficulties might arise.
运用：无论我们在通往成功的道路上遇到什么困难，我们都必须记住
它们只是暂时的挫折。
on the road to success， we must
remember that they are only temporary setbacks.
Whatever difficulties we encounter　
3. whatever引导让步状语从句
（2023·全国乙卷）一回到家，我们就开始仔细地清洗它们。
Once we got back home， we began to wash them carefully.
运用：一旦你敞开心扉去爱，一个全新的世界就会在你面前展开。
， a whole new world unfolds
before you.
Once you open your heart to love　
4. once引导时间状语从句
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）你在英语口语方面如此精通，我们都会从你
的演讲中受益匪浅。
You are so expert at spoken English that we all will benefit much from
your speech.
运用：（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）写作对我来说是如此困难和痛苦，以至于
我的老师允许我通过表演一出戏剧来展示我的关于“泰坦尼克号”沉
没的论文，我在剧中扮演了所有角色。
Writing was my teacher had
allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out
a play，where I played all the parts.
so difficult and painful for me that　
5. so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
二、语篇打造
　　根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意连接词的运用。
Dear Peter，
　　Glad to hear from you and you’re welcome to China in July.I’m
greatly willing to introduce some significant Chinese customs to you.
　　Firstly， we greet each other by saying “Hello” or asking such
questions as “Where are you going？” or “Are you busy？” to
express our care.Secondly，
1.
（当受到表扬时，我们回答“哦，不！”或者
“过奖了”来表现出礼貌）.Additionally， 2.

（当收到礼物时，我们通常会说“没
必要”，也会说“谢谢”以示礼貌，然后把它收起来）.Finally， at
dinner parties， we talk loudly and clink glasses 3.
（当我们为某人的健康或成功祝酒时）
to show that we’re warm.
when praised， we reply with “Oh， no！” or “I’m flattered.” to
show good manners　
when receiving a gift，
we usually say “It’s unnecessary.”as well as “Thanks.”to show
politeness and then put it away　
when drinking to
someone’s health or success　
　　Anyhow， different cultures， different customs.4.

（如果你入乡随俗，你会在这里待得更愉快）.
　　I hope what’s mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a
pleasant journey.
　Yours sincerely，
　Li Hua
If you do as
the Romans do when in Rome， you’ll enjoy more of your stay here　
演示完毕 感谢观看 !

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