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必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(二)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·湖南长沙一模)
We are ①unavoidably linked to the ocean.Collectively，it covers about 71% of our world and is instrumental in the processes that keep us alive.While the rainforests may be referred to as “the lungs of the planet”，scientists say it’s actually the ocean that provides 50%－80% of the oxygen we breathe.Besides，through a “conveyor belt” action，it helps regulate Earth’s climate by transporting heat away from the equator，towards the poles to cool.The ocean also proves itself essential in the fight against climate change too.It absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere—or rather，it’s not the ocean itself but what lives in it.And perhaps one of the most incredible forms is the humble seagrass.
Across the globe，there are more than 70 species of seagrass，growing in shallow and ②sheltered coastal areas and covering 300,000 square kilometres，which absorbs 10% of the ocean’s carbon each year and captures carbon up to 35 times faster than tropical rainforests.Seagrass builds its leaves and roots using carbon，which it extracts from water through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用)—and it holds on to it，even after death.Dead plant material decomposes(分解) slowly on the ocean floor，and this means that the carbon stored within is eventually buried under the seabed.
Significant as it is，seagrass is critically endangered.According to the U．N.Environment Programme，a seagrass area the size of a football pitch is destroyed every 30 minutes around the world.Fortunately，restoration missions are already ③underway，in places as far afield as Kenya，Mozambique，and the UK.But rising temperatures remain a ④twofold threat：an increase in storms that tear the shallow-rooted seagrass from its beds，and rising sea-levels that block out the sunlight.
However，seagrass is known to adapt to survive—and gene sequencing of the Zostera marina seagrass has shown it has done so on three separate occasions already.Could it be one of Earth’s great survivors that will save us all Only time will tell.
1．How does the seagrass help regulate Earth’s climate
A．It blocks out the sunlight.
B．It absorbs carbon dioxide.
C．It provides most of the oxygen.
D．It transports heat towards the poles.
2．What does the underlined word “extracts” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Obtains. B．Replaces.
C．Consumes. D．Delivers.
3．What can be inferred about the seagrass from the last two paragraphs
A．It is no longer endangered after restoration.
B．It has saved the planet from climate change.
C．It hasn’t been affected by rising temperatures.
D．It is able to adapt to changes in its environment.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．The Fantastic World of Seagrass
B．The Uncertain Future of the Ocean
C．Seagrass：the Ocean’s Unsung Hero
D．The Battle to Save Seagrass from Extinction
语境猜词 ①unavoidably(派)＝un＋avoid＋abl(e)＋y ②sheltered(派)＝shelter＋ed ③underway(合)＝under＋way ④twofold(合)＝two＋fold
B
Ammonia(氨) is one of many pollutants present in wastewater and can be poisonous for marine and land life.Therefore，in a process called air stripping(空气剥离)，it is removed from wastewater and later used as a fertilizer or fuel.Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface.But this process is not efficient：it is ①energy-intensive，and requires specific temperatures，air supply，and a lot of chemicals，making it expensive.
②Addressing these disadvantages，researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal，even under ③sub-standard conditions.
“So far，the removal of ammonia from wastewater was thought to be dependent on only pH，temperature，and air supply.However，we have shown that an electric field can also act as a modulator(调节器) of this process，” says Prof.Young-Chae Song，the lead investigator on this study.
Prof.Song and his team used a combination of ④live experiments with an ammonia removal tank and deep learning to understand how electric fields of different strengths influence the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater.They found that electric fields with an alternating current of 50 MHz and a power of 15 V/cm significantly improve the ammonia removal efficiency，increasing it from 51% to 94%，even under sub-standard conditions.Therefore，improved ammonia yields could be achieved while considerably reducing the consumption of energy and chemicals.
Prof.Song comments，“Our findings showed that electric field application provides a similar efficiency of ammonia removal to conventional methods at a much lower temperature，air supply，and pH.Moreover，the energy needed to power the electric field is a minute part of the energy required to achieve these ‘excellent’ conditions.”
Indeed，this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process.
5．What happens to ammonia during air stripping
A．It becomes a fertilizer.
B．It stays on the water.
C．It changes into another state.
D．It disappears in the process.
6．What can be inferred from Prof.Song’s words
A．Electric fields slow the process of the removal.
B．Much energy is needed to achieve good conditions.
C．The removal of ammonia depends on only electric fields.
D．The use of electric fields improves the traditional method.
7．What is the function of the new platform
A．To power air stripping.
B．To lower the temperature.
C．To provide economical energy.
D．To remove ammonia at a lower cost.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The discovery of electric fields.
B．An electric field-coupled platform.
C．A new technological advancement.
D．Electric fields of different strengths.
语境猜词 ①energy-intensive(合)＝energy＋intensive ②address(熟义：n.地址) 生义(文义)： ③sub-standard(派)＝sub＋standard ④live(熟义：v.住，居住 adj.活的) 生义(文义)：
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Are worms the heroes we didn’t know we needed Silent，slimy and wriggling(扭动)，you might think that worms are good for nothing except bait(诱饵) on the end of a fishing pole. 1
The British naturalist Charles Darwin said that no other animal has “played such an important part in the history of the world as these lowly organised creatures”．They have lived on Earth for 600 million years and have even survived five mass extinctions. 2
Earthworms literally move the earth，and this is why farmers love them.As they travel，they aerate(使透气) the soil by loosening，mixing and oxygenating it. 3 They are effectively a small but very efficient plough(犁)．But it’s not just earthworms that deserve praise.
In 2022，a group of scientists at the Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research isolated enzymes(酶) found in wax worm saliva(唾液) which are plastic-eating. 4 It’s hoped that by producing these enzymes on an ①industry-level scale，we will have a more environmentally friendly way to reduce plastic pollution.
5 Bloodworms are small sea creatures which press themselves into the mud of the ocean floor.Scientists at the University of California，Santa Barbara have been studying their jaws，which are made up of 10% copper proteins(铜蛋白) and are so strong that they last the worm’s entire five-year ②lifespan.Because of this research，engineers may start using the jaws as inspiration for the design and manufacture of materials like concrete.
So，next time you see a worm，show it a little respect.They really are changing the world!
A．So，what do worms do that is so great
B．Worms have a lifespan of a few months.
C．And worms are even inspiring the building industry.
D．It increases the ground’s capacity to hold and empty water.
E．However，there is more to the humble worm than meets the eye.
F．Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.
G．These can break down a very common plastic that normally breaks down over many years.
语境猜词 ①industry-level(合)＝industry＋level ②lifespan(合)＝life＋span
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·广东深圳一模)
Last year，I started the journey of being a ①remote product designer.The thought of a flexible(灵活的) schedule，a comfortable home office，and the escape from the 1 public transport was incredibly 2 .The first few weeks were filled with a ②long-lost feeling of 3 .
However，the 4 of working from home gradually set in.I had started my day with the best 5 ，promising myself quick breaks and regular stretches(伸展) .But deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings 6 me to my computer throughout the day，leaving me little time to 7 .Gone were the short walks to a co-worker’s desk and the quick lunchtime walks around the office ③complex.Finally，my world was 8 to the walls of my home，my steps 9 in meters only rather than kilometers.
One day，I tried 10 one of my favorite dresses and it wasn’t passing through my waist at all.Looking at myself in the mirror，I saw a 11 person carrying extra weight，rather than someone enjoying freedom.The 12 of work and personal life had left me feeling like I was a never-ending motion machine.
This incident(事件) marked the 13 of a journey of self-discovery.I made up my mind that I needed a(n) 14 not just for my waistline but for my overall well-being.It was a promise to prioritize my physical and mental health，and a promise that I could 15 control over my life and my body.
1．A.dramatic B．severe
C．previous D．crowded
2．A.appealing B．annoying
C．challenging D．confusing
3．A.direction B．safety
C．freedom D．responsibility
4．A.duties B．awards
C．problems D．expectations
5．A.concerns B．reliefs
C．updates D．intentions
6．A.tied B．inspired
C．guide D．introduced
7．A.reply B．relax
C．react D．read
8．A.adapted B．limited
C．related D．admitted
9．A.counted B．repeated
C．watched D．followed
10．A.tidying up B．putting aside
C．fitting into D．getting back
11．A.lazy B．tired
C．rude D．mad
12．A.mix B．success
C．balance D．value
13．A.distance B．memory
C．beginning D．training
14．A.promise B．excuse
C．answer D．change
15．A.maintain B．ease
C．remove D．regain
语境猜词 ①remote(熟义：adj.遥远的) 生义(文义)： ②long-lost(合)＝long＋lost ③complex(熟义：adj.复杂的) 生义(文义)：
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·湖南岳阳一模)
Researchers have been applying artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor biodiversity and enhance efforts to protect some species from 1. (threaten)．Unlike conventional methods，AI has the capacity 2. (analyze) massive amounts of data effectively.
Species are disappearing 3. a rate much faster than that millions of years ago，with up to one million species on the edge of 4. (extinct)．In response，the United Nations set a goal in 2020 to safeguard at least 30%of Earth’s land and oceans.“AI is imperfect 5. could promote important discoveries，” says Nicolas Miailhe，Paris-based founder of the Future Society，an international non-profit organization 6. aims to ①better govern AI.“We badly need human ②practitioners to design models and interpret data.”
Besides monitoring biodiversity in real time，AI can also be used to ③model the impacts of human activities on an ecosystem.Although it 7. (document) that human activities have resulted in biodiversity loss，little is known about which environmental factors have 8. (large) impact.
“Long-term statistics will play 9. essential role in connecting changes in biodiversity with environmental changes，” says Luisa Orsini，who 10. (study) evolutionary bio-systems at the University of Birmingham，UK.
语境猜词 ①better(熟义：adj.较好的，更好的) 生义(文义)： ②practitioner(派)＝pract＋ition＋er ③model(熟义：n.模型；模式) 生义(文义)：
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adv.不可避免地　②adj.有遮蔽物的　③adj.在进行中的
④adj.双重的
B．①adj.耗能的；能源密集型的　②v.处理，设法解决　③adj.标准以下的　④adj.现场直播的；实况转播的
Ⅱ.①adj.工业层面的　②n.寿命；使用期，有效期
Ⅲ.①adj.远程的　②adj.久违的　③n.建筑群
Ⅳ.①v.改善，改进　②从业人员，执业者　③v.使仿效，使模仿
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海草的重要性——能够通过吸收碳来帮助调节气候。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“The ocean also proves itself essential in the fight against climate change too.It absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere—or rather，it’s not the ocean itself but what lives in it.And perhaps one of the most incredible forms is the humble seagrass.”可知，海草能够通过吸收二氧化碳来帮助调节气候，故选B。]
2．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Seagrass builds its leaves and roots using carbon，which it extracts from water through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用)—and it holds on to it，even after death.”可知，海草通过光合作用从水中提取碳来使叶子和根生长，即使在死后也会保留碳。故“extract”意为“提取，获得”，故选A。]
3．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However，seagrass is known to adapt to survive...it has done so on three separate occasions already.”可推测，海草具备适应周边环境的变化以求生存的能力，故选D。]
4．C　[标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文的主体对象是海草，作为海洋生态系统的一部分，它能够吸收大量的碳，有助于减缓气候变化，结合文章结尾处“Could it be one of Earth’s great survivors that will save us all Only time will tell.”可知，C选项“海草：海洋的无名英雄”最适合作文章标题。故选C。]
语篇解读　本文是新闻报道。文章报道了韩国研究人员发现，在空气剥离过程中简单应用电场可以显著提高氨去除效率的新技术。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface.”可知，在空气剥离过程中氨会变成另一种状态。故选C。]
6．D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Prof.Song comments，‘Our findings showed that...air supply，and pH.’”可推知，电场的使用改进了传统的方法。故选D。]
7．D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Indeed，this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process.”可知，新平台的功能是以较低的成本去除氨。故选D。]
8．C　[主旨大意题。根据第二段“Addressing these disadvantages，researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal，even under sub-standard conditions.”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了在空气剥离过程中简单应用电场可以显著提高氨去除效率的新技术。故选C。]
Ⅱ.1.E　2.A　3.D　4.G　5.C
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者从事远程工作所遇到的一些问题以及作者下定决心做出改变，重新掌控自己的生活和身体。
1．D　[dramatic急剧的；severe十分严重的；previous以前的；crowded拥挤的。根据空后“public transport”以及上文“Last year，I started the journey of being a remote product designer.”可知，此句阐述作者以为的远程居家办公的益处，此处指居家办公能够避免拥挤的公共交通。故选D。]
2．A　[appealing吸引人的；annoying令人恼怒的；challenging有挑战性的；confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“a flexible(灵活的) schedule，a comfortable home office，and the escape from the __________ public transport”和常识可知，居家办公的优势是很吸引人的。故选A。]
3．C　[direction方向；safety安全；freedom自由；responsibility责任。根据上文“a remote product designer”和“a flexible(灵活的) schedule”可知，作者做远程产品设计师，工作时间很灵活，因此作者会感到很自由。故选C。]
4．C　[duty职责；award奖品；problem问题；expectation期望。根据However表转折，再根据下文“deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings ________ me to my computer throughout the day”可知，作者在家里工作的问题出现了。故选C。]
5．D　[concern关心；relief缓解；update最新消息；intention意图，打算。根据下文“promising myself quick breaks and regular stretches(伸展)”可知，作者每天开始的时候打算得很好，承诺自己要短暂休息和定期伸展。故选D。]
6．A　[tie绑，束缚，限制；inspire激励；guide指导；introduce介绍。根据上文“deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings”可知，工作规定的限期、没完没了的邮件和虚拟会议使作者一直待在电脑跟前，也就是被限制在电脑前。故选A。]
7．B　[reply回复；relax放松；react反应；read读。根据上文“promising myself quick breaks and regular stretches(伸展)”以及“deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings ______ me to my computer throughout the day”可知，工作规定的限期、没完没了的邮件和虚拟会议让作者一直在电脑前忙，没有时间实现给自己承诺的短暂休息和定期伸展去放松自己。故选B。]
8．B　[adapt适应；limit限制；relate使有联系；admit准许……进入。根据下文“the walls of my home”和上文“working from home”可知，作者在家里工作，所以作者的世界就被限制在家里的墙壁之内。故选B。]
9．A　[count计数；repeat重复；watch观看；follow跟随。根据上文“my world was __________ to the walls of my home”和下文“in meters only rather than kilometers”可知，作者只能在家里，所以作者的步数以米来计算。故选A。]
10．C　[tidy up整理；put aside把……放在一边；fit into进入，融入；get back返回。根据下文“one of my favorite dresses and it wasn’t passing through my waist at all”可知，作者试裙子。故选C。]
11．B　[lazy懒的；tired疲倦的，疲惫的；rude粗鲁的；mad疯的。根据上文“deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings __________ me to my computer throughout the day”可知，作者在居家办公期间每天都有很多事要忙，因此会感到疲惫。故选B。]
12．A　[mix混合；success成功；balance平衡；value价值。根据上文“working from home”和下文“work and personal life”可知，作者在家里工作，因此工作和个人生活是混合在一起的。故选A。]
13．C　[distance距离；memory记忆；beginning开始；training训练。根据下文“I made up my mind that”可知，作者下定决心要改变，因此这件事标志着作者自我发现之旅的开始。故选C。]
14．D　[promise承诺；excuse借口；answer回答；change改变。根据下文“It was a promise to prioritize my physical and mental health”可知，作者要做出改变。故选D。]
15．D　[maintain保持；ease减轻；remove去除；regain重新获得。根据上文“promise to prioritize my physical and mental health”和下文“control over my life and my body”可知，作者要优先考虑自己的身体和心理健康，要重新掌控自己的生活和身体。故选D。]
Ⅳ.1.being threatened　2.to analyze　3.at　4.extinction　5.but
6．which/that　7.is documented　8.the largest　9.an　10.studies必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(一)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·湖北十堰联考)
The birth of a male white-tailed eagle ①signals the success of the Roy Dennis Wildlife Foundation (RDWF) and Forestry England project to return these iconic birds to their original widespread locations along the southern coast of England.The last time a white-tailed eagle chick grew in England，Mozart was working on his opera Idomeneo in Germany.
For two centuries these amazing birds were missing from most of the UK，having been wiped out by human persecution by the early 20th century.
In 2020，the parents of the landmark bird were ②translocated from the Outer Hebrides and north-west Sutherland in Scotland to the Isle of Wight.This is an area with plentiful food to sustain them.It is also a location from which the birds could spread out to cliffs，lakes and forests.
Female G405 and male G471 were two of 25 eagles (16 are still alive) released by the RDWF and Forestry England as part of the ongoing project.And they are one of three pairs to have now established breeding territories in the south of England.
The chick hatched earlier this summer at a nest on private land，the exact location of which is being kept a secret to ensure the welfare of the young bird.
“This is a very special moment for everyone who has worked on，supported and followed this groundbreaking project，” Roy Dennis says，founder of the RDWF.“Restoring a breeding population in southern England，where the species was once widespread，has been our ultimate goal.Seeing the first pair reach this stage is truly incredible.”
The young white-tailed eagle has now been ringed and fitted with a satellite tag(标签) so that its progress can be tracked.A further release of young white-tailed eagles is planned for late summer from the project team’s base on the Isle of Wight.
1．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Mozart in paragraph 1
A．To admire the musician’s great works.
B．To celebrate the birth of the white-tailed eagle.
C．To compare the situations of England and Germany.
D．To emphasize white-tailed eagles’ centuries-long absence.
2．What does the underlined word “persecution” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Damage. B．Exploration.
C．Disturbance. D．Training.
3．Why is the accurate position of the chick kept secret
A．For privacy. B．For safety.
C．For territory. D．For support.
4．Which may be a suitable title for the text
A．A Splendid Bird
B．A Successful Wildlife Project
C．Milestone for White-tailed Eagles
D．Restoring a Breeding Population
语境猜词 ①signal(转)n.→v. ②translocate(派)＝trans＋locate
B
(2024·广东深圳一模)
Each year，the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees.At that rate，some scientists predict the world’s forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.To handle it，now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have ①pioneered a technique to generate wood-like plant materials in a lab.This makes it possible to “grow” a wooden product without cutting down trees.
In the lab，the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant.These cells are ②cultured in liquid medium for two days，then moved to another medium which contains nutrients and two different hormones(激素)．By adjusting the hormone levels，the researchers can ③tune the physical and mechanical qualities of the cells.Next，the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material，and let the shaped material grow in the dark for three months.Finally，the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material，and then evaluate its qualities.
They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded，open cells of lower density(密度)，while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid，helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics.What’s more，it’s to be noted that the research process is about 100 times faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity!
Research of this kind is groundbreaking.“This work demonstrates the great power of a technology，” says lead researcher，Jeffrey Berenstain.“The real opportunity here is to be at its best with what you use and how you use it.This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes，sizes，rigidity，and forms.It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve.”
5．Why do researchers at MIT perform the research
A．To grow more trees.
B．To reduce tree losses.
C．To protect plant diversity.
D．To predict forest disappearance.
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the lab research
A．Its scientific origins. B．Its theoretical basis.
C．Its usual difficulties. D．Its main processes.
7．What does the finding suggest about the plant materials
A．They are better than naturally grown plants.
B．Their growth speed determines their characteristics.
C．The hormone levels affect their rigidity.
D．Their cells’ shapes mainly rely on their density.
8．Why is the research path-breaking according to Berenstain
A．It uses new biological materials in lab experiments.
B．It has a significant impact on worldwide plant growth.
C．It revolutionizes the way to make wooden products.
D．It challenges traditional scientific theories in forestry.
语境猜词 ①pioneer(转)n.→v. ②culture(转)n.→v. ③tune(熟义：n.曲调；曲子) 生义(文义)：
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·安徽安庆三模)
The wildfires in the Amazon rainforest have produced alarm around the world. 1 However，there are several steps you can take to help reduce your impact on the Amazon and other rainforests.
Buy fewer paper and wood products.
One of the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon is logging，which is driven by the high demand for wood-based products. 2 For example，you can use both sides of a piece of paper.On top of that，look out for alternative paper products that are not made from tree materials as well as paper with a high percentage of recycled materials.
Cut your fossil fuel consumption.
Some scientists think that climate change could significantly increase the rate of forest loss in the Amazon.The burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere afterwards is one of the primary ①drivers of climate change： 3 You might take a bike to work instead of driving a car and switch off electrical appliances when you are not using them.
Hold businesses responsible.
4 If you believe that a business is operating in a manner that is environmentally irresponsible，make yourself heard：Contact the company; call them out on social media platforms; or organize a boycott.
Direct action has the power to transform how companies do business.In 1999，Home Depot，the single largest retailer of household items in the world，agreed to gradually stop sales of old-growth wood. 5
A．Sadly，there is not much you can do to stop the fires.
B．So wherever possible，try to cut down on your carbon emissions.
C．This practice has led to great progress in the conservation of rainforests.
D．These fires have little impact on humans though.
E．The company’s decision was largely the result of a campaign led by ②grassroots activists.
F．Educate yourself about the business practices of companies that are active in the Amazon.
G．Reduce the amount of wood products you purchase and make the most out of items you have bought.
语境猜词 ①driver(熟义：n.司机) 生义(文义)： ②grassroots(合)＝grass＋roots
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽合肥质检)
It was in the cold midwinter，and the homeless couple struggled through the night snow，seeking shelter.The father-to-be 1 the roadside for some place where his struggling 2 might rest safely for the night.
That December night，Gus Kiebel，a county wildlife officer，was driving home from work when he 3 the pair in the flash of his headlights.He ①parked his truck and 4 the animals.Gus 5 out his hands to the beagles(比格犬)，which made no effort to escape.Then，he placed the dogs in his truck.Gus 6 his phone，took a picture of the pair and sent it to his wife，Katie Kiebel before calling Katie.
“You cannot put them 7 in the snow，” she said.“Bring them home.”
The Kiebels prepared a bed for the dogs in their warm home，where the 8 animals lay together.However，already having a dog，the Kiebels couldn’t 9 to keep new ones.The next day，Katie took the dogs to the shelter—on one condition.“I’m not 10 the dogs over to you if you’re going to separate them，” she said.The shelter workers promised to keep the couple together.Soon after Christmas，the beagles were 11 —as a 12 ，to a loving family.
It’s a simple story，but it speaks to the 13 of our nature.And when 14 and love ②triumph over cruelty and neglect，it can feel like the greatest 15 of all.
1．A.looked B．headed
C．searched D．figured
2．A.companion B．company
C．friend D．effort
3．A.scared B．attracted
C．appealed D．spotted
4．A.frightened B．approached
C．attracted D．appealed
5．A.put B．laid
C．made D．stretched
6．A.brought up B．took out
C．warmed up D．put down
7．A.down B．up
C．back D．forward
8．A.disappointed B．lovely
C．unparalleled D．exhausted
9．A.afford B．offend
C．intend D．succeed
10．A.turning B．driving
C．signing D．giving
11．A.welcomed B．received
C．adopted D．presented
12．A.pet B．pair
C．family D．reward
13．A.bottom B．basis
C．fundamental D．best
14．A.kindness B．curiosity
C．generosity D．patience
15．A.achievement B．miracle
C．career D．job
语境猜词 ①park(熟义：n.公园) 生义(文义)： ②triumph(转)n.→v.
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·广东湛江二模)
No structure is as symbolically significant or 1. (cultural) important to China as the Great Wall.Architectural 2. (engineer) are part of a huge project to repair this centuries-old structure.
Jiankou 3. (believe) to be one of the most rugged ①stretches of the relic.Some of the most dangerous work includes laborers hanging from ②towering heights.With ropes tied around 4. (they) waists，repair workers spread cement on the wall’s steep sides，while others hold the ropes for support.5. (survive) a fall from the steep sides would be unlikely.A laborer explains 6. he risks his life to make repairs to the ancient structure，saying that it is an honor to be part of such a great cause，and it is very 7. (meaning) to do so.
Getting supplies to this part of the wall is also a demanding effort.Because the path is so steep，donkeys and mules must be used to transport bricks,8. can weigh as much as 150 kg each.The repair team goes to great lengths 9. (keep) the principle of minimal intervention.“We have to stick 10. the original format，the original material and the original ③craftsmanship，so that we can better preserve the historical and cultural values，” said Cheng Yongmao，the engineer leading Jiankou’s restoration work.
语境猜词 ①stretch(熟义：v.伸展) 生义(文义)： ②towering(派)＝tower＋ing ③craftsmanship(派)＝craftsman＋ship
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①标志，预示　②v.移动，转移
B．①倡导；开辟　②培育　③v.调整
Ⅱ.①n.驱动因素　②n.草根，基层
Ⅲ.①v.停(车)；泊(车)　②战胜；打败
Ⅳ.①n.一段；一片　②adj.高耸的　③n.技艺
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一只雄性白尾鹰的出生是恢复英国白尾鹰繁殖的里程碑。
1．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The last time a white-tailed eagle chick grew in England，Mozart was working on his opera Idomeneo in Germany.”和第二段中的“For two centuries these amazing birds were missing from most of the UK”可推知，作者在第一段中提到莫扎特是为了强调白尾鹰已经消失了几个世纪。故选D。]
2．A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段“...were missing from most of the UK，having been wiped out by human”可推知，此处指这种鸟类因人类的迫害而消失，故画线词“persecution”意为“迫害”，与Damage意思相近。故选A。]
3．B　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“the exact location of which is being kept a secret to ensure the welfare of the young bird”可知，将雏鹰的准确位置保密是为了确保其安全。故选B。]
4．C　[标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中的“The birth of a male white-tailed eagle signals the success...return these iconic birds to their original widespread locations along the southern coast of England.”可知，文章主要介绍了一只雄性白尾鹰的出生是恢复英国白尾鹰繁殖的里程碑。C项“白尾鹰的里程碑”最适合作文章标题。故选C。]
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了避免砍伐树木，麻省理工学院的研究人员开创了一种技术，在实验室里生产类似木材的植物材料，并解释了其实验过程及其积极意义。
5．B　[推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year，the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees.At that rate，some scientists predict the world’s forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.To handle it...”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员进行这项研究是为了减少树木损失。故选B。]
6．D　[段落大意题。根据第二段中的“first take cells from the leaves of a young plant” “then moved to another medium” “Next，the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material” “Finally，the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material，and then evaluate its qualities.”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于实验室研究的主要过程。故选D。]
7．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded，open cells of lower density(密度)，while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid，helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics.”可知，激素水平影响细胞的形状和密度，而细胞结构的密度影响植物材料硬度，由此可知，激素水平影响植物材料的硬度。故选C。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes，sizes，rigidity，and forms.It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve.”可知，Berenstain认为这项研究具有开创性是因为它革新了制作木制品的方法。故选C。]
Ⅱ.1.A　2.G　3.B　4.F　5.E
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在寒冷的冬夜，县野生动物官员Gus Kiebel发现了一对无家可归的比格犬，后来他和他的妻子凯蒂为这对狗狗提供了温暖和庇护。
1．C　[look看；head朝(某方向)行进；search搜索，在(某地)搜寻；figure认为，估计。结合上文“seeking shelter”可知，它在寻找一个可以休息的地方。故选C。]
2．A　[companion同伴，伴侣；company公司；friend朋友；effort努力。根据上文“the homeless couple”可知，这位准爸爸是给自己的伴侣寻找可以安全过夜的地方。故选A。]
3．D　[scare使害怕；attract吸引；appeal呼吁；spot发现。根据下文“he placed the dogs in his truck”可知，Gus Kiebel是发现了这两只动物。故选D。]
4．B　[frighten使惊吓；approach接近；attract吸引；appeal呼吁。根据下文“out his hands to the beagles(比格犬)，which made no effort to escape”可知，Gus是下车接近这两只动物。故选B。]
5．D　[put放；lay放置；make制作；stretch伸出。根据下文“out his hands to the beagles(比格犬)”以及“Then，he placed the dogs in his truck.”可知，Gus向比格犬伸出手。故选D。]
6．B　[bring up抚养；take out拿出；warm up温暖；put down放下。根据下文“took a picture of the pair and sent it to his wife”可知，Gus是拿出手机给这两只比格犬拍了照片，并发送给妻子。故选B。]
7．C　[down朝下，向下；up向上；back向后，回原处；forward向前。根据上文“Then，he placed the dogs in his truck.”可知，Gus已经把狗放在他的卡车里，结合空后“in the snow”以及下文“Bring them home.”可知，他的妻子的意思是不能再把狗放回雪地里，叫他把狗带回家。故选C。]
8．D　[disappointed失望的；lovely可爱的；unparalleled无与伦比的；exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据第一段中“It was in the cold midwinter，and the homeless couple struggled through the night snow，seeking shelter.”可知，在寒冷的冬夜，这两只狗在雪地里跋涉寻找栖身之所，已经筋疲力尽了。故选D。]
9．A　[afford负担得起；offend冒犯；intend打算；succeed成功。根据上文“However，already having a dog”可知，因为家里已经有一只狗了，所以他们负担不起再养这两只。故选A。]
10．C　[turn转向；drive开车；sign签名，签字；give给。根据下文“if you’re going to separate them”可知，Katie的意思是如果庇护所要把它们俩分开，她就不把狗给庇护所，也就是她不会签字同意把狗给庇护所。固定搭配sign sth over (to sb)意为“签字转让(权利或财产)”，符合语境。故选C。]
11．C　[welcome欢迎；receive收到；adopt收养；present呈现。根据下文“to a loving family”可知，那对比格犬被人收养了。故选C。]
12．B　[pet宠物；pair一对；family家人；reward回报。根据上文“The shelter workers promised to keep the couple together.”可知，庇护所的工作人员没有分开它们俩，所以它们作为一对，一起被收养。故选B。]
13．D　[bottom底部；basis基础；fundamental基本原则；best最好的事物。根据上文讲述的Gus把比格犬带回家、他的妻子Katie把比格犬送到庇护所以及下文“love triumph over cruelty and neglect”可知，这个故事道出了我们本性中最美好的一面。故选D。]
14．A　[kindness善良；curiosity好奇心；generosity慷慨；patience耐心。根据下文“and love triumph over cruelty and neglect”和上文Gus和Katie夫妻两人的善举可知，此处表示“当善良和爱战胜残酷和忽视时，感觉就像最伟大的奇迹”。故选A。]
15．B　[参考上题解析。achievement成就；miracle奇迹；career职业生涯；job工作。故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.culturally　2.engineers　3.is believed　4.their　5.Surviving
6．why　7.meaningful　8.which　9.to keep　10.toⅠ.阅读单词——会意
1．drought　　 　n．旱灾，干旱
2．hurricane n．飓风
3．landslide n．滑坡；塌方
4．volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的
5．landscape n．风景，景色
6．weed n．野草；海藻
7．deer n．鹿
8．insect n．昆虫
9．whale n．鲸
10．dolphin n．海豚
11．shark n．鲨(鱼)
12．kangaroo n．袋鼠
13．eagle n．鹰
14．fox n．狐狸
15．jungle n．(热带)丛林
16．whirlpool n．旋涡
17．file n．档案，卷宗
18．descent n．下降，下落
19．barrel n．桶
20．extent n．面积；长度；范围；程度
21．tube n．圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
22．lamp n．灯
23．sledge n．雪橇
24．ski n．滑雪板
vi.滑雪
25．polar adj.极地的，地极的
26．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆
27．tent n．帐篷
28．brochure n．小册子
29．aftershock n．(地震的)余震
30．metal n．金属
31．skiing n．滑雪运动
32．originality n．独创性；创造力
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．disaster n．灾难；灾祸
2．flood n．洪水，水灾
v．涌入
3．wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物
4．comment n．评论；意见
v．表达意见
5．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
6．living adj.活的，活着的
7．soil n．土壤
8．climate n．气候
9．lecture n．讲座，讲课；演讲；训斥
vi.开讲座，讲课
vt.训斥
10．overuse vt.过度使用；滥用
11．million n．百万
12．greenhouse n．温室，暖房
13．title n．题目，标题；冠军；称号
vt.加标题于
14．wave n．海浪；波涛；(活动或感情的)风潮，浪潮
v．挥手，招手
15．escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避，摆脱；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏
n．逃脱；逃避；漏出
16．float vi.浮；漂
vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划)
17．soul n．灵魂
18．edge n．边缘
19．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
20．vehicle n．交通工具，车辆
21．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中
n．陷阱；困境
22．damage n．& vt.伤害，损伤，损害
23．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量
linking v．(尺寸、数量等)量度为
n．措施，办法；尺度
24．overseas adv.在海外，在外国
25．site n．场所，地点
26．process n．过程，进程
vt.加工；处理
27．battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
28．duty n．职责，义务；责任
29．nearby adv.附近
30．dust n．灰尘；尘埃
31．captain n．上校；队长；组长
32．base n．基地，大本营；基础
vt.以……为基地
33．distant adj.久远的；遥远的；疏远的，冷淡的；远亲的
34．shelter n．庇护，掩蔽；避难所
v．掩蔽，保护；躲避
35．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
36．scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的
37．harmless adj.无害的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊；休克；冲击→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
2．poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人
3．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frighten v．使受惊；使惊恐→fright n．惊吓，害怕
4．attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图→attempted adj.未遂的
5．death n．死，死亡→die v．死亡→dying adj.垂死的→dead adj.失去生命的；不能再用的
6．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.失去；丢失；错过(机会)→lost adj.丢失的；迷路的
7．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨；苦难→suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)→sufferer n．受难者；患者
8．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；传导 vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n．导体；指挥；售票员
9．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．使高兴；欢呼 n．欢呼声
10．prove vt.证明；证实 linking v．证明是，被发现是→proof n．证据
11．disappearance n．消失；消亡→disappear vi.消失；消亡；灭绝→appear vi.出现 linking v．看来；似乎
12．eruption n．爆发→erupt v．爆发；喷出
13．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe v．观察；注意；庆祝，过(节日、生日等)；遵守；说，评论→observer n．观察者，目击者；评论员
14．interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断，打扰；中断时间
15．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v．(使)运行，(使)运转；操作，使用；起作用，奏效；动手术；经营，管理→operator n．接线员；操作者
16．protection n．保护；防护→protect v．保护；防护→protective adj.保护的；防护的
17．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．探险；探索；探究；勘察→exploration n．探险；探索；探究；勘察
18．preparation n．预备，准备→prepare v．准备；预备
19．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态学的；生态的→ecologist n．生态学家
20．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；艰难度过；比……活得长；生存，存活；保存下来→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
21．tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的→tide n．潮汐，潮水
22．horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horror n．恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事→horribly adv.可怕地；极其地→horrify vt.恐吓，使恐惧
23．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心；求知欲
24．equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的 n．同等的人；相等物 linking v．与……相等，等于 vt.比得上→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.相等地；平等地
25．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.(令人)气喘吁吁的；(令人)屏息的→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地
26．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的→dishonest adj.不诚实的→honestly adv.诚实地
27．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerely adv.诚挚地
28．bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地
29．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地→anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的；渴望的→anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑；渴望
30．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的
31．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．后缀-ly
(1)后缀-ly常常放在形容词后面构成副词，表示“从……角度；以……方式”。形容词变副词的口诀：
①形容词变副词有规律，后缀-ly加上去；②e结尾，要注意，前为元，要去e；③要是结尾le，前为元，也去e，前为辅，e变y；④y结尾不读[aI]，先要把y变成i；⑤ic结尾加ally，public要除开。如equal→equally，true→truly，whole→wholly，gentle→gently，happy→happily，basic→basically。
(2)后缀-ly也可用于构成形容词，意为“具有……性质或特点”。如friendly(友好的)，cowardly(怯懦的)，elderly (年老的)。
2．形容词后缀-ous/-ate/-ant表示“有……特点的”、“与……有关的”或者“……性的”。如ambition→ambitious, fame→famous，danger→dangerous，passion →passionate，consider→considerate，please→pleasant。
(1)The street lamps gleamed ____________(dull) through the night’s mist.
(2)This information is not ____________(public) available.
(3)Points on the skin are ____________(energetic) connected to specific organs，body structures and systems.
(4)But if natural gas is not produced ____________(clean)，it will not prove to be so cheap，either.
(5)The still water of the lake mirrored the _______________________________________
(shape) figure of the mountain.
(6)Let me give you some ____________(father) advice and I hope you can achieve your ambition.
(7)It was a ____________(fortunate) coincidence that the police were passing by just then.
(8)These new crops must also be more __________(resist) to drought，heat and pests.
(9)Being a ____________(courage) person，I will not be frightened of any difficulty.
1．impulsive/Im'p lsIv/adj.冲动的，鲁莽的
2．route/ru t/n.路线
3．lush/l /adj.茂盛的，郁郁葱葱的
4．flock/fl k/n.(羊或鸟)群
5．wreckage/'rekId /n.残骸
6．conspiracy/k n'spIr si/n.密谋，阴谋
7．imprison/Im'prIz n/vt.监禁；禁锢
8．debunk/ di 'b k/vt.证明(思想或观念)错误
9．skeptic/'skeptIk/n.持怀疑态度的人
10．not pull any/your punches (批评时)毫不留情
11．cardboard/'kɑ db d/n.(硬)纸板，卡纸
12．nauseous/'n zi s/adj.恶心的，想呕吐的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．turn one’s back (on sb/sth)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
2．in the direction of朝……方向
3．on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
4．at great speed高速地
5．be/become curious about对……感到好奇
6．in the end最后
7．pick up去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救
8．breathe in吸气
9．run out用完；耗尽
10．on the way to...在去往……的路上
11．have difficulty with sth在某事方面有困难
12．break down使分解；(机器)停止运转，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉；消除，破坏(某种感情或态度)
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.(It takes/took sb some time to do...)
不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。
2．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(as if 引导方式状语从句)
我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
3．The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
第一，物体越大，下落越快……
4．As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(The reason why...is/was that...) 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
5．But what if I’m trapped？(what if...？)
但是如果我被困住了怎么办？
6．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(全部倒装) 极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
7．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.[have difficulty (in) doing...]
下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。
体验——析真题长句　知高考难度
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.
[句式分析]　本句是由but连接的____________句。after引导________________从句，so...that...引导________________从句。
[尝试翻译]　
In fact，I was curious to attend the lecture given by a famous explorer with honesty and sincerity,1.________________________________________________________________________ had just returned from a distant continent overseas as the captain.2.____________(expect) to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration，I went to the site in 3.____________ cheerful mood.Besides breathtaking landscapes，he indeed shared some stories of having battles against nature with bravery，in one of which his vehicle broke down in the polar area because the gas had run out.4.____________(trap) in the scary snowstorm，he attempted 5.______________(call) for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless.6.____________(fright) and hungry，he breathed hard，was at a loss and was faced with death several times，feeling as if floating in a whirlpool of hopelessness.With a wave of terror sweeping across him，he wondered whether he could escape and survive.He was walking anxiously when he 7.____________(find) shelter in a nearby base.Besides，the suffering of wildlife shocked us.According to his observation，millions of animals are on the edge of disappearance.Apart from 8.____________(disaster) such as floods，droughts，landslides，volcanic eruptions and hurricanes，to some extent，too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate，we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture，I find 9.____________ everyone’s duty to keep the balance of ecology.10.____________(equal) important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe natural laws.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊；休克；冲击 (shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的)
in shock震惊地；休克 be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆 be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do...因做……而震惊
(1)(读后续写之心理描写) He was on the edge of breaking down，not uttering a word，but pointed to the distance _____________shock.
(2)我震惊于我的搭档住院的消息。与此同时，我很震惊地发现我别无选择，只能自己完成我们的项目。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
I ____________________________________ that my partner was admitted to hospital.Meanwhile，I ________________________________________________________ I had no option but to finish our project on my own.
(3) (读后续写之神态描写)看见从窗户喷出的可怕的浓烟，他惊呆了。
Seeing horrible heavy smoke shooting out of the window，he _________________________.
escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避，摆脱；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏 n．逃脱；逃避；漏出
escape from从……逃脱；逃避…… escape (doing) sth逃避/避开(做)某事 have a narrow escape死里逃生；侥幸躲过
(1)The frightened deer attempted to escape ________________________(catch) by the tiger，but in vain.
(2)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)我们不知道怎样从黑暗的山洞里逃出去，浑身发抖，牙齿打战。
Not knowing ________________________________________________________________________，we quivered all over，with our teeth chattering.
(3)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)虽然我们死里逃生，幸运地躲过了被饥饿的北极熊伤害，但我们还是吓得气喘吁吁地。
Although we ________________________________________________________ and fortunately ____________________________ by the hungry polar bear，we still panted with extreme fright.
survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；艰难度过；比……活得长；保存下来 (survival n．幸存 survivor n．幸存者)
survive sth艰难度过……；从……中活下来 survive on靠……存活下来 A survive B (by＋时间)　A比B活得长(……)
(1)If the explorer couldn’t find his way out of the jungle，there would be little chance of ____________(survive)．
(2)All the ____________(survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby shelter.
(3)When I realized that the poor boy survived ___________________________________ discarded(丢弃的) food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me.
(4)To everyone’s shock，despite her poor health，she survived her husband ____________ five years.
(5)(读后续写之升华句)生活的真谛不在于挣扎着度过暴风雨，而在于学会在细雨中优雅起舞。
The true essence of life lies not in _________________________________________________，but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle.
curious adj.好奇的 (curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n．好奇心；求知欲)
be curious about对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth极想做某事 out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity 好奇地 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心
(1)既然你对科技如何影响中国人的生活感到好奇，我真诚地邀请你访问中国，亲身体验它们。(2024·天津3月，书面表达)
Now that ______________________________________________________________________，
I sincerely invite you to visit China and experience them in person.
(2)出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地进入了破旧的牛奶房，在那里我发现了一只被蜘蛛网困住的蜂鸟。(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)
________________________________________________________，I crept into the broken milking house，where I spotted a hummingbird trapped in spider-webs.
(3)我们很想了解周围的植物，因此，为了满足我们的好奇心，我们好奇地探索高中校园。(2023·浙江1月，应用文写作)
We ________________________________________________________________ and as a result，______________________________，we explored the senior high campus _________________.
equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物linking v．与……相等，等于vt.比得上(equality n．平等；相等equally adv.相等地；平等地)
be equal to (doing) sth等于/胜任(做)某事 equal sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过某人/物 without equal无与伦比
(1)(话题写作之人物介绍)The person I respect most is my head teacher，who attaches great importance to honesty，sincerity，bravery and ____________，so he treats each of us students ____________.(equal)
(2)(应用文写作之申请信)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是，我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
Firstly，nobody can ________________________._________________________________ is that I am ______________________________________ in communication skills.So I hold the firm belief that ________________________________________________________________ as a volunteer for the fair.
attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图(attempted adj.未遂的)
make attempts/an attempt (to do sth) 尝试(做某事) at the first attempt第一次尝试 attempt to do sth尝试/试图做某事
(1)Although he survived the ____________(attempt) murder，it took him quite a long time to return to normal.
(2)我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物，但我笨手笨脚的。我不安地皱了皱眉。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)
I _______________________________________________________________________，but I was all thumbs.I frowned anxiously.
(3)老师拍了拍我的肩膀，温柔地说：“你第一次尝试时失败是很正常的，坚持不懈很重要。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
My teacher patted me on the shoulder，saying gently，“________________________________ and perseverance matters.”
measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 linking v．(尺寸、数量等)量度为 n．措施，办法；尺度
measure...by...用……来衡量…… be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算 take measures/steps/action to do sth采取措施做某事 make sth to one’s measure照某人的尺寸做某物
(1)In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，some ____________(measure) over 90 meters in height.
(2)The tailor insisted that he should make clothes _________________________________ my own measure.
(3)(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)意识到我不能以貌取人，我非常羞愧地低下了头。
Realizing that I ____________________________________________________________，I hung my head in extreme shame.
(4)我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识，才能在不久的将来建成一个低碳校园。(2024·天津6月，书面表达)
Only if ________________________________________________________________________ can we build a low carbon campus in the near future.
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 [breath n．呼吸 breathless adj.(令人)气喘吁吁的；(令人)屏息的 breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地]
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气；吸入/呼出 breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 in one breath一口气 hold one’s breath屏息；屏气 take/draw a deep breath深呼吸 out of breath喘不过气
(1)It has been proved that in the daytime，plants breathe _____________ carbon dioxide and breathe ____________ oxygen.
(2)(记叙文写作之活动介绍)大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管上气不接下气，但我们收获了美丽的风景。
About 2 hours later，we all reached the top of the hill. __________________________，we were rewarded with beautiful scenery.
(3)(读后续写之乐于助人)我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后，我屏住呼吸，等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后，我松了一口气。
I ________________________________________________，dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.After conducting first aid，I ____________________________________，waiting for her to regain consciousness.After observing her ____________ normally，I ________________.
anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地(anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的；渴望的 anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑；渴望)
be anxious about sth/for sb为……担忧 be anxious to do/that...渴望(做)…… with anxiety＝anxiously 焦急地
(1)The mother was anxious ____________ her little son when knowing that he was frightened by a horrible accident.
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。
________________________________________________________________________ as if he had been on pins and needles.
(3)Eva渴望在巨大的学校大楼里找到路，但她的方向感很差，她是如此焦虑，以至于焦虑的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)
Eva __________________________________________________________ in the huge school building，but with a poor sense of direction，_________________________________(倒装句)．
run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)
run out of用完；耗尽(主语为人) run across偶然遇见 run after追赶；追求 run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等) run for竞选；匆匆去取
用run短语的适当形式填空
I was jogging on the street when I ________________________ my cousin，who was ________________________ president of the Student Association.He told me that he had been ________________________ this dream in the past two months，so he felt as if his energy were ________________________.Afraid that he would ________________________ all his energy，I invited him to sit by the roadside，patiently informing him of some do’s and don’ts.
break down 使分解；(机器)停止运转，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉；消除，破坏(某种感情或态度)
break into(及物)闯入；突然……起来 break in(不及物)破门而入，闯入；(on sth)打断，搅扰 break away (from)离开；脱离 break out爆发 break up粉碎；结束；解散；拆解；分手 break through取得突破；克服；(日/月)拨云而出
用break短语的适当形式填空
(读后续写之片段描写) A terrible quarrel ________________________ between the sensitive guy and his parents.He had difficulty ________________________ his inner anger，so the guy rose to his feet and stormed out of the house，determining on ____________________________ his family and ________________________ his relationship with his parents.With the sun ________________________ at around lunchtime，he staggered aimlessly on the street，regretting what he had said and done.Then，he dashed back，________________________ his house and hugged his parents，who removed their worry and finally ________________________ a smile.
the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...
第一，物体越大，下落越快……
“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。 “比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。 “the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。
(1)The more roads and parking lots we pave，the _________________________________(little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)她越想这个问题，就越感到害怕，手心在冒汗，心跳得厉害。
__________________________，____________________________________________，her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly.
(3)从图片上看，中国的交通变得越来越先进了。交通方式越多，中国人的生活就越方便。(2024·全国甲，书面表达)
Judging from the pictures，Chinese transport _______________________________________.
The more means of transportation there are，________________________________________.
用法点拨　“the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来意义。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1．The professor of education is lecturing① to parents，saying that they mustn’t lecture② their kids about their behaviour.The wonderful lecture③ had the desired effect.
①________________　②________________
③________________
2．The hard-working athlete won the Olympic title① in Paris and in her spare time，she often reads a book titled② “Who’s Who in the World” and watches a movie with the title③ of “Forrest Gump”．It is because of her great efforts that she is awarded the title④ of “Star Athlete of the Week”．
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
3．The young man floated① an innovative idea to his employer，but got turned down.He felt as if floating② in an ocean of sadness.
①________________　②________________
4．I couldn’t exactly measure① how big the room was，so I measured② the room using my newly-bought tool and it turned out that the room measured③ ten meters across.Then I returned to the company，where my colleagues were talking about what measures④ should be taken to improve the image of the company.
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
5．The earthquake struck the city and rescue workers built shelters① for survivors，trying to shelter② them from further injury.The survivors stayed at the specified places，sheltering③ from the possible aftershock.
①________________　②________________
③________________
6．The old man survived① the earthquake and survived② on little money；he survived③ his wife by 10 years who died in the earthquake.Believe it or not，the old man respected the old customs surviving④ into the present.
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
7．My diligent cousin operated① a restaurant and he bought a new computer which was easy to operate②.His measures to promote his restaurant operated③ at once and many diners had meals every day.To make his restaurant operate④ smoothly，he worked day and night.Unluckily，he fell ill and had to be operated⑤ on.
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
⑤________________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．I was ____________(shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my smartphone.
2．The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape ______________________(harm) by the powerful waves.
3.Obviously，his ____________(survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree.
4．Out of ____________(curious)，the girl pressed the red button of the device regardless of the warning.
5．In my opinion，the young man is equal __________ the job on account of his creativity.
6．To my amazement，our first attempt ____________________________(develop) new software was a great success.
7．We must take instant ____________(measure) to ensure the safety of the project.
8．Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife ____________(protect)．
9.In addition，____________(breath) deeply before taking an exam can help you relieve your stress.
10．These businessmen ______________(anxious) waited for the detailed contents of the latest policy.
11．With my money running ____________，I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few dollars.
12．To make matters worse，his car broke __________ at a location where no help was accessible.
13．The more careful you are，the ____________(few) errors you will make.
14．My cousin，who is addicted to computer games，has difficulty ____________(concentrate) on his academic work.
假如你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括： 1.表达安慰； 2.救援队已到达并实施救援； 3.表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。
完成句子
1．听说你们的家乡意外地发生了一场可怕的地震，我很震惊。(shock)
________________________________________________________________________
2．我越想这次地震，就越感到忧虑和沮丧。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
________________________________________________________________________
3．我很想借此机会向在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(anxious；定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我松了一口气。(breathe a sigh of relief)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．他们努力营救被困在废墟中的人们，完全将他们自身的安全抛在脑后，值得我们的尊重和钦佩。(attempt to do；现在分词短语作状语；非限制性定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．在政府和全国人民的帮助下，更多的人避免了在这场灾难中丧生。(escape doing)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
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教材语料整合
亮词 [人物描写]　ambition；honesty；sincerity；bravery
[情感描写]　shock；frightened；horrible；curious；anxiously；cheerful
美句 1.All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.(环境描写) 2．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(比喻句) 3．So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(动作描写) 4．Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.(环境描写)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：恐惧与绝望
单词 shout v．大声喊叫　scream v．惊声尖叫　struggle v．挣扎；奋斗；艰难行进　hopeless adj.不抱希望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地　threat n．威胁→threaten v．威胁；胁迫　despair n．绝望　desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n．绝望
词块 in despair/desperation绝望地　fall into despair/sink into hopelessness/abandon oneself to despair陷入绝望　be in the depths of despair处于绝望的深渊　give up all the hope放弃所有希望　be thrown into a world of darkness被投入黑暗世界　be getting desperate with＋情感名词　因为……而感到越来越绝望　weep bitter tears of despair/desperation绝望得痛哭流涕　be seized with overwhelming despair顿时绝望到极点　one’s eyes be glued to/be fixed on sb with terror惊恐地盯着某人
句型 I was trapped in the flood and tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face.(无灵主语句) 我被困在洪水中，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸颊流下来。 I felt more and more frightened，sensing that death was waiting for me.(现在分词短语作状语) 我越来越害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。 It was not until then that I got rid of my terror.(强调句型) 直到那时我才摆脱了恐惧。 As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually. 随着时间的推移，我能活下去的信心逐渐消退。 Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.(无灵主语句)他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。 A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely.(无灵主语句) 他完全被绝望吞没/控制了。 His heart was torn with despair.他的心因绝望而被撕裂了。
语料运用　主题：遇险与脱困
①__________________________________________________________________(部分倒装) in my life.I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Trapped in the horrible rain，I anxiously struggled to make my way but in vain；②_________________________________(无灵主语句)．What’s worse，what shocked me was that my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more and more frightened，③____________________________________________(现在分词短语作状语)．④____________________________________________________(分词短语作状语)，I yelled at the top of my lungs but there was no response.Seized with overwhelming despair，I almost couldn’t breathe.As time went by，⑤__________________________________________.It was at that time that my husband Joe came to my rescue like a savior.He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car.After confirming the safety，we inched forward in the muddy water and eventually made it home safe and sound.⑥________________________(强调句型)．Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting my back，comforting me gently.
我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在可怕的雨中，焦急地挣扎着前进，但没有成功；恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸颊流下来。更糟糕的是，令我震惊的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我越来越害怕，感觉到死亡正在等着我。我被扔进了黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有回应。绝望到极点，我几乎无法呼吸。随着时间的推移，我能活下去的信心逐渐消退。就在那个时候，我丈夫乔像救世主一样来救我。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在浑浊的水中慢慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，温柔地安慰我。
答案精析
排查·基础知识
积累
(1)dully　(2)publicly　(3)energetically　(4)cleanly　(5)shapely
(6)fatherly　(7)fortunate　(8)resistant　(9)courageous
体验
并列复合　时间状语　结果状语　汀达尔说，在查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他长眠，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。
词汇串记
1．who　2.Expecting　3.a　4.Trapped　5.to call　6.Frightened
7．found　8.disasters　9.it　10.Equally
突破·核心考点
1．(1)in 　(2)was shocked by/at the news；was shocked to find that　(3)was numb with shock
2．(1)being caught　(2)how to escape from the dark cave
(3)had a narrow escape；escaped being hurt
3．(1)survival　(2)survivors　(3)on　(4)by　(5)struggling to survive the storm
4．(1)you are curious about how technologies affect/influence/have an effect on/have an influence on/have an impact on the lives of Chinese people　(2)Out of curiosity　(3)were curious to learn about the plants around us；to meet/satisfy our curiosity；curiously/with curiosity
5．(1)equality；equally　(2)equal me in oral English；Equally attractive；without equal；I am equal to the job
6．(1)attempted　(2)attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people　(3)It is quite normal for you to fail at the first attempt
7．(1)measuring　(2)to　(3)couldn’t measure others by appearances　(4)we take appropriate measures to raise the awareness of environmental protection
8．(1)in；out　(2)Though (we were) out of breath/breathless
(3)took/drew a deep breath；held my breath；breathe；breathed a sigh of relief
9．(1)for　(2)He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety　(3)was anxious to find her way/was anxious that she could find her way；so anxious was she that tears of anxiety poured down her cheeks
10．ran across/into；running for；running after；running out；run out of
11．broke out；breaking down；breaking away from；breaking up；breaking through；broke into；broke into
12．(1)less　(2)The more she thought about this matter；the more frightened she felt　(3)has become more and more advanced；the more convenient Chinese people’s life will be
基础达标
Ⅰ.1.①vi.开讲座，讲课　②vt.训斥　③n.讲座，演讲
2．①n.冠军　②vt.加标题于　③n.题目，标题　④n.称号
3．①vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划)　②vi.漂，浮
4．①vt.估量，衡量　②vt.测量　③linking v．量度为
④n.措施，办法
5．①n.避难所　②vt.保护　③vi.躲避
6．①vt.幸存　②vi.生存，存活　③vt.比……活得长
④vi.保存下来
7．①vt.经营，管理　②vt.操作，使用　③vi.起作用，奏效
④vi.运行，运转　⑤vi.动手术
Ⅱ.1.shocked　2.being harmed　3.survival　4.curiosity　5.to　6.to develop　7.measures　8.protection　9.breathing　10.anxiously　11.out　12.down　13.fewer　14.concentrating
提升·写作能力　应用文增分练
参考范文
Dear friends，
I’m Li Hua，chairman of the Student Council.I am shocked to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown.The more I think about the earthquake，the more concerned and frustrated I feel.
I am anxious to take this opportunity to express my deepest sympathy and concern for the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake.Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，I breathe a sigh of relief.They have attempted to rescue people trapped in ruins，totally leaving their own safety behind，which deserves our respect and admiration.What’s more，with the aid of the government and people across the country，more people have escaped being killed in the disaster.
I’m fully convinced that everything will be fine though deeply affected by the earthquake，and the stricken area will recover soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
续写积累提能练
①Never had I experienced such a hopeless/desperate moment
②tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face　③sensing that death was waiting for me　④Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness　⑤the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually　⑥It was not until then that I got rid of my terror(共120张PPT)
HUMANS AND NATURE
必修第二册　 UNIT 5
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.旱灾，干旱
n.飓风
n.滑坡；塌方
adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的
n.风景，景色
n.野草；海藻
1
drought
2
hurricane
3
landslide
4
volcanic
知识速记
5
landscape
6
weed
n.鹿
n.昆虫
n.鲸
n.海豚
n.鲨(鱼)
n.袋鼠
n.鹰
7
deer
8
insect
9
whale
10
dolphin
11
shark
12
kangaroo
13
eagle
n.狐狸
n.(热带)丛林
n.旋涡
n.档案，卷宗
n.下降，下落
n.桶
n.面积；长度；范围 ；程度
14
fox
15
jungle
16
whirlpool
17
file
18
descent
19
barrel
20
extent
n.圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
n.灯
n.雪橇
n.滑雪板
vi.滑雪
adj.极地的，地极的
n.洲，大洲；大陆
21
tube
22
lamp
23
sledge
24
ski
25
polar
26
continent
n.帐篷
n.小册子
n.(地震的)余震
n.金属
n.滑雪运动
n.独创性；创造力
27
tent
28
brochure
29
aftershock
30
metal
31
skiing
32
originality
n.灾难；灾祸
n.洪水，水灾
v.涌入
n.野生动植物，野生生物
n.评论；意见
v.表达意见
adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
1
disaster
2
flood
3
wildlife
4
comment
5
crowded
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
adj.活的，活着的
n.土壤
n.气候
n.讲座，讲课；演讲；训斥
vi.开讲座，讲课
vt.训斥
vt.过度使用；滥用
6
living
7
soil
8
climate
9
lecture
10
overuse
n.百万
n.温室，暖房
n.题目，标题；冠军 ；称号
vt.加标题于
n.海浪；波涛；(活动或感情的)风潮，浪潮
v.挥手，招手
11
million
12
greenhouse
13
title
14
wave
vi.& vt.逃离；逃避，摆脱；被遗忘 ；(气体、液体等)泄漏
n.逃脱；逃避；漏出
vi.浮；漂
vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划)
n.灵魂
n.边缘
n.& vt.营救；救援
15
escape
16
float
17
soul
18
edge
19
rescue
n.交通工具，车辆
vt.困住；使陷于危险中
n.陷阱；困境
n.& vt.伤害，损伤，损害
vt.估量，衡量 ；测量
linking v.(尺寸、数量等)量度为
n.措施，办法 ；尺度
20
vehicle
21
trap
22
damage
23
measure
adv.在海外，在外国
n.场所，地点
n.过程，进程
vt.加工 ；处理
n.较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
n.职责，义务；责任
adv.附近
24
overseas
25
site
26
process
27
battle
28
duty
29
nearby
n.灰尘；尘埃
n.上校；队长；组长
n.基地，大本营 ；基础
vt.以……为基地
adj.久远的；遥远的；疏远的，冷淡的 ；远亲的
n.庇护，掩蔽；避难所
v.掩蔽，保护；躲避
30
dust
31
captain
32
base
33
distant
34
shelter
adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
adj.可怕的，恐怖的
adj.无害的
35
varied
36
scary
37
harmless
1
2
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；休克 ；冲击
→shocking adj.令人震惊的
→shocked adj.感到震惊的
poetry n.诗歌；作诗的艺术
→poem n.诗；诗歌
→poet n.诗人
3
4
frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
→frightening adj.令人害怕的
→frighten v.使受惊；使惊恐
→fright n.惊吓，害怕
attempt n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图
→attempted adj.未遂的
5
death n.死，死亡
→die v.死亡
→dying adj.垂死的
→dead adj.失去生命的；不能再用的
6
7
loss n.丧失；死亡
→lose vt.失去；丢失；错过(机会)
→lost adj.丢失的；迷路的
suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨；苦难
→suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)
→sufferer n.受难者；患者
8
9
conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；传导 vi.& vt.指挥
→conductor n.导体 ；指挥；售票员
cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
→cheer v.使高兴；欢呼 n.欢呼声
10
11
prove vt.证明；证实 linking v.证明是，被发现是
→proof n.证据
disappearance n.消失；消亡
→disappear vi.消失；消亡；灭绝
→appear vi.出现 linking v.看来；似乎
12
13
eruption n.爆发
→erupt v.爆发；喷出
observation n.观察；观察结果
→observe v.观察；注意；庆祝，过(节日、生日等) ；遵守 ；说，评论
→observer n.观察者，目击者；评论员
14
15
interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话
→interruption n.打断，打扰；中断时间
operation n.行动，活动；手术；操作
→operate v.(使)运行，(使)运转；操作，使用；起作用，奏效 ；
动手术 ；经营，管理
→operator n.接线员；操作者
16
17
protection n.保护；防护
→protect v.保护；防护
→protective adj.保护的；防护的
explorer n.探险者；勘察者
→explore v.探险；探索；探究；勘察
→exploration n.探险；探索；探究；勘察
18
19
preparation n.预备，准备
→prepare v.准备；预备
ecology n.生态；生态学
→ecological adj.生态学的；生态的
→ecologist n.生态学家
20
21
survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；艰难度过 ；比……活得长 ；
生存，存活；保存下来
→survival n.幸存
→survivor n.幸存者
tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的
→tide n.潮汐，潮水
22
horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的
→horror n.恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事
→horribly adv.可怕地；极其地
→horrify vt.恐吓，使恐惧
23
curious adj.好奇的
→curiously adv.好奇地
→curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲
24
equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的 n.同等的人；相等物
linking v.与……相等，等于 vt.比得上
→equality n.平等；相等
→equally adv.相等地；平等地
25
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
→breath n.呼吸
→breathless adj.(令人)气喘吁吁的；(令人)屏息的
→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地
26
honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直
→honest adj.诚实的
→dishonest adj.不诚实的
→honestly adv.诚实地
27
28
sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实
→sincere adj.真诚的
→sincerely adv.诚挚地
bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为
→brave adj.勇敢的
→bravely adv.勇敢地
29
30
anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地
→anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的；渴望的
→anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑；渴望
mystery n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物
→mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的
31
ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
→ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的
1.后缀-ly
(1)后缀-ly常常放在形容词后面构成副词，表示“从……角度；以……方式”。形容词变副词的口诀：
①形容词变副词有规律，后缀-ly加上去；②e结尾，要注意，前为元，要去e；③要是结尾le，前为元，也去e，前为辅，e变y；④y结尾不读[aI]，先要把y变成i；⑤ic结尾加ally，public要除开。如equal→equally，true→truly，whole→wholly，gentle→gently，happy→happily，basic→basically。
(2)后缀-ly也可用于构成形容词，意为“具有……性质或特点”。如friendly(友好的)，cowardly(怯懦的)，elderly (年老的)。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
2.形容词后缀-ous/-ate/-ant表示“有……特点的”、“与……有关的”或者“……性的”。如ambition→ambitious，fame→famous，danger→dangerous，passion→passionate，consider→considerate，please→pleasant。
(1)The street lamps gleamed (dull) through the night’s mist.
(2)This information is not (public) available.
(3)Points on the skin are (energetic) connected to specific organs，body structures and systems.
(4)But if natural gas is not produced (clean)，it will not prove to be so cheap，either.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
dully
publicly
energetically
cleanly
(5)The still water of the lake mirrored the (shape) figure of the mountain.
(6)Let me give you some (father) advice and I hope you can achieve your ambition.
(7)It was a (fortunate) coincidence that the police were passing by just then.
(8)These new crops must also be more (resist) to drought，heat and pests.
(9)Being a (courage) person，I will not be frightened of any difficulty.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
shapely
fatherly
fortunate
resistant
courageous
impulsive/ m'p ls v/ adj.冲动的，鲁莽的
route/ru t/ n.路线
lush/l / adj.茂盛的，郁郁葱葱的
flock/fl k/ n.(羊或鸟)群
wreckage/'rek d / n.残骸
conspiracy/k n'sp r si/ n.密谋，阴谋
1
3
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
2
4
5
6
imprison/ m'pr z n/ vt.监禁；禁锢
debunk/ di 'b k/ vt.证明(思想或观念)错误
skeptic/'skept k/ n.持怀疑态度的人
not pull any/your punches (批评时)毫不留情
cardboard/'kɑ db d/ n.(硬)纸板，卡纸
nauseous/'n zi s/ adj.恶心的，想呕吐的
7
9
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
8
10
11
12
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1
2
3
4
5
6
turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手
不管
in the direction of 朝……方向
on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤
指不好的事)
at great speed 高速地
be/become curious about 对……感到好奇
in the end 最后
7
8
9
10
11
12
pick up 去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，
搭救
breathe in 吸气
run out 用完；耗尽
on the way to... 在去往……的路上
have difficulty with sth 在某事方面有困难
break down 使分解；(机器)停止运转，出故
障；(谈判)失败 ；(身体)垮掉 ；
消除，破坏(某种感情或态度)
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.(It takes/took sb some time to do...)
不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。
I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(as if 引导方式状语从句)
我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
第一，物体越大，下落越快……
2
3
4
As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(The reason why...is/was that...)
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
But what if I’m trapped？(what if...？)
但是如果我被困住了怎么办？
Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(全部倒装)
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.[have difficulty (in) doing...]
下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。
5
6
7
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.
[句式分析]　本句是由but连接的 句。after引导 从句，so...that...引导 从句。
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
并列复合
时间状语
结果状语
汀达尔说，在查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他长眠，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.drought n.____________
2.hurricane n.______
3.volcanic adj.___________________________
4.landscape n.____________
5.landslide n.____________
6.insect n.______
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 词汇默写
旱灾，干旱
飓风
火山的；由火山作用引起的
风景，景色
滑坡；塌方
昆虫
7.dolphin n.______
8.whale n.____
9.jungle n.____________
10.whirlpool n.______
海豚
鲸
(热带)丛林
旋涡
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. n.灾难；灾祸
2. n.洪水，水灾
v.涌入
3. n.野生动植物，野生生物
4. n.评论；意见
v.表达意见
5. adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
6. adj.活的，活着的
7. n.土壤
disaster
flood
wildlife
comment
crowded
living
soil
8. n.气候
9. n.讲座，讲课；演讲；训斥
vi.开讲座，讲课
vt.训斥
10. vt.过度使用；滥用
11. n.百万
12. n.温室，暖房
13. vi.& vt.逃离；逃避，摆脱；被遗忘；(气体、
液体等)泄漏
n.逃脱；逃避；漏出
climate
lecture
overuse
million
greenhouse
escape
14. vi.浮；漂
vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划)
15. n.灵魂
16. n.边缘
17. n.& vt.营救；救援
18. n.交通工具，车辆
19. vt.困住；使陷于危险中
n.陷阱；困境
20. n.题目，标题；冠军；称号
vt.加标题于
float
soul
edge
rescue
vehicle
trap
title
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.诗歌；作诗的艺术
→ n.诗；诗歌
→ n.诗人
2. n.丧失；死亡
→ vt.失去；丢失；错过(机会)
→ adj.丢失的；迷路的
3. vt.实施；进行；执行；传导
vi.& vt.指挥
→ n.导体；指挥；售票员
poetry
poem
poet
loss
lose
lost
conduct
conductor
4. adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
→ v.使高兴；欢呼
n.欢呼声
5. vt.证明；证实
linking v.证明是，被发现是
→ n.证据
6. n.行动，活动；手术；操作
→ v.(使)运行，(使)运转；操作，使用；起作用，
奏效；动手术；经营，管理
→ n.接线员；操作者
cheerful
cheer
prove
proof
operation
operate
operator
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1. n.路线
2. n.(硬)纸板，卡纸
3.wreckage n._____
4.conspiracy n.___________
5.not pull any/your punches _________________
route
cardboard
残骸
密谋，阴谋
(批评时)毫不留情
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
2. 朝……方向
3. 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
4. 高速地
5. 对……感到好奇
turn one’s back (on sb/sth)
in the direction of
on the edge of
at great speed
be/become curious about
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The volcano on Wednesday and a huge cloud of gas and dust from the covered the whole sky，which obviously alarmed all the citizens.(erupt)
2.Looking at the newspaper shock，the boy was at the _________ latest news.(shock)
3.Many animals have indeed in the past decades，but it _________ that people don’t care about the of these species.(appear)
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 语境运用
默写
erupted
eruption
in
shocked
shocking
disappeared
appears
disappearance
4.This famous has been the distant star in the past two weeks，hoping that he can make amazing some day.(observe)
5.The author suffered a serious illness and nothing could relieve his ___________(suffer).
6.The captain ensured that these (protect)measures could definitely protect all the sailors being hurt.
7.We were having a meeting when a man it and it was beyond argument that everyone was annoyed at the sudden . (interrupt)
observer
observing
observation(s)
from
suffering(s)
protective
from
interrupted
interruption
8.Doctor Yuan Longping，viewed as one of the most outstanding experts in agriculture， in May，2021 and his left Chinese in extreme sorrow.Although he has been for quite a long time，we are still missing him.(die)
9.The scene my son and I hugged my __________ boy tightly，comforting him.(frighten)
died
death
dead
frightening
frightened
frightened
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.不幸的是，他掉进了海里，被推向旋涡的方向，感觉他好像要死了。(as if引导状语从句) 2.但出乎意料的是，越靠近旋涡的边缘，他就越平静。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) 3.他花了大约半个小时才到达一个安全的地方。(It takes/ took sb some time to do...) 　　One day，when Bob risked going to the islands and got more fish，he met with a horrible storm.Unfortunately，he fell into the sea and was pushed in the direction of the whirlpool，1.______
.But unexpectedly，2.___
____________________________________________________________.After a while，he made three important observations.Based on what he had observed，he tied himself to a barrel，which helped him to survive.3.____________________________
.
feeling
as if he were going to die
the
closer he reached the edge of the whirlpool，the calmer he became
It took him about half an hour
to reach a safe place
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 词汇默写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.lamp n.___
2.file n.____________
3.polar adj.________________
4.continent n.________________
5.descent n.____________
6.brochure n._______
灯
档案，卷宗
极地的，地极的
洲，大洲；大陆
下降，下落
小册子
7.sledge n.______
8.metal n.______
9.skiing n.__________
10.originality n.________________
雪橇
金属
滑雪运动
独创性；创造力
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. n.& vt.伤害，损伤，损害
2. vt.估量，衡量；测量
linking v.(尺寸、数量等)量度为
n.措施，办法；尺度
3. adv.在海外，在外国
4. n.场所，地点
5. n.过程，进程
vt.加工；处理
6. n.较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
damage
measure
overseas
site
process
battle
7. n.职责，义务；责任
8. adj.久远的；遥远的；疏远的，冷淡的；远亲的
9. adv.附近
10. n.灰尘；尘埃
11. n.上校；队长；组长
12. n.庇护，掩蔽；避难所
v.掩蔽，保护；躲避
13. adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
14. adj.可怕的，恐怖的
15. adj.无害的
duty
distant
nearby
dust
captain
shelter
varied
scary
harmless
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.生态；生态学
→ adj.生态学的；生态的
→ n.生态学家
2. adj.潮汐的，潮水的
→ n.潮汐，潮水
3. adj.好奇的
→ adv.好奇地
→ n.好奇心；求知欲
ecology
ecological
ecologist
tidal
tide
curious
curiously
curiosity
4. adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的
n.同等的人；相等物
linking v.与……相等，等于
vt.比得上
→ n.平等；相等
→ adv.相等地；平等地
5. n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物
→ adj.神秘的；不可思议的
equal
equality
equally
mystery
mysterious
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.impulsive adj.________________
2.imprison vt.____________
3.debunk vt._____________________
4.skeptic n.________________
5. n.(羊或鸟)群
冲动的，鲁莽的
监禁；禁锢
证明(思想或观念)错误
持怀疑态度的人
flock
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救
2. 吸气
3. 用完；耗尽
4. 在去往……的路上
5. 停止运转，出故障；失败；垮掉；消除，破坏
pick up
breathe in
run out
on the way to...
break down
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.These were busy the distant region and their _____________ would have a great impact.(explore)
2.Our team members have made full for the experiment and at present everything is well .(prepare)
3.In my opinion，if you interact with others ，they will be struck by your sooner or later.(sincere)
4.The old father，who was anxious his son’s safety，waited at the exit of the station with ，wringing his hands .(anxious)
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 语境运用
默写
explorers
exploring
exploration(s)
preparations
prepared
sincerely
sincerity
about
anxiety
anxiously
5.Those young men sadly found that their had abandoned them.(ambition)
6.My father tells me to be an person and as far as he is concerned，________ is the best policy.(honest)
7.The boy jumped into the river to save the drowning girl，and we all praised him for his .(brave)
8.To our ，the wolf suddenly appeared in front of us，which almost us to death.(horror)
ambitious
ambitions
honest
honesty
brave
bravely
bravery
horror
horrible
horrified
9.The air at the top of the mountain was hard to and soon we became out of .My sister told me that she would never come again.(breath)
10.The only who the terrible car accident told her friend that it was the safety belt that contributed to her final . (survive)
breathe
breath
breathlessly
survivor
survived
survival
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.我们邀请史密斯教授的原因是他是一位从事环境研究30多年的英国环境专家。(The reason why...is/was that...) Dear fellow students，
　　We are greatly honored to have Professor Smith here for the special lecture titled “Living in Harmony with Nature”.Now let’s give a warm welcome to Professor Smith.
　　1._________________________________________
who has been engaged in environmental research for more than 30 years.Today’s lecture will focus on three aspects.
The reason why we invite Professor Smith is
that he is a British environmental expert
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.然后是第三个方面：人与自然和谐共存的策略。(全部倒装) 3.如果你听不懂教授讲的话，你可以在演讲结束后向教授寻求帮助。[have difficulty (in) doing...] The first two are the development and change of man and nature and the destruction of nature by human activities.2.__________________________
—the strategies of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.If 3.__________________
，you can turn to the professor for help after the speech.
　　Now let’s welcome Professor Smith and here comes our eco-friendly journey.
Then comes the third aspect
you have difficulty
(in) understanding what the professor says
In fact，I was curious to attend the lecture given by a famous explorer with honesty and sincerity，1. had just returned from a distant continent overseas as the captain.2. (expect) to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration，I went to the site in 3. cheerful mood.Besides breathtaking landscapes，he indeed shared some stories of having battles against nature with bravery，in one of which his vehicle broke down in the polar area because the gas had run out.4. (trap) in the scary snowstorm，he attempted 5. (call) for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless.
词汇串记
who
Expecting
a
Trapped
to call
6. (fright) and hungry，he breathed hard，was at a loss and was faced with death several times，feeling as if floating in a whirlpool of hopelessness.With a wave of terror sweeping across him，he wondered whether he could escape and survive.He was walking anxiously when he 7. (find) shelter in a nearby base. Besides，the suffering of wildlife shocked us.According to his observation，millions of animals are on the edge of disappearance.Apart from 8. (disaster) such as floods，droughts，landslides，volcanic eruptions and hurricanes，to some extent，too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate，we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection. Having heard his lecture，I find 9. everyone’s duty to keep the balance of ecology.10. (equal) important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe natural laws.
Frightened
found
disasters
it
Equally
返 回
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
vt.使震惊；使难以置信n.震惊；休克；冲击(shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的)
shock
·in shock震惊地；休克
　be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆
·be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊
　be shocked to do...因做……而震惊
1
(1)(读后续写之心理描写) He was on the edge of breaking down，not uttering a word，but pointed to the distance shock.
(2)我震惊于我的搭档住院的消息。与此同时，我很震惊地发现我别无选择，只能自己完成我们的项目。　　　(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
I that my partner was admitted to hospital.Meanwhile，I I had no option but to finish our project on my own.
(3) (读后续写之神态描写)看见从窗户喷出的可怕的浓烟，他惊呆了。
Seeing horrible heavy smoke shooting out of the window，he _________
.
in
was shocked by/at the news
was shocked to find that
was numb
with shock
vi.& vt.逃离；逃避，摆脱；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏n.逃脱；逃避；漏出
escape
·escape from从……逃脱；逃避……
　escape (doing) sth逃避/避开(做)某事
·have a narrow escape死里逃生；侥幸躲过
2
(1)The frightened deer attempted to escape (catch) by the tiger，but in vain.
(2)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)我们不知道怎样从黑暗的山洞里逃出去，浑身发抖，牙齿打战。
Not knowing ，we quivered all over，with our teeth chattering.
(3)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)虽然我们死里逃生，幸运地躲过了被饥饿的北极熊伤害，但我们还是吓得气喘吁吁地。
Although we and fortunately by the hungry polar bear，we still panted with extreme fright.
being caught
how to escape from the dark cave
had a narrow escape
escaped being hurt
vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；艰难度过；比……活得长；保存下来(survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者)
survive
survive sth艰难度过……；从……中活下来
survive on靠……存活下来
A survive B (by＋时间)　A比B活得长(……)
3
(1)If the explorer couldn’t find his way out of the jungle，there would be little chance of (survive).
(2)All the (survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby shelter.
survival
survivors
(3)When I realized that the poor boy survived discarded(丢弃的) food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me.
(4)To everyone’s shock，despite her poor health，she survived her husband five years.
(5)(读后续写之升华句)生活的真谛不在于挣扎着度过暴风雨，而在于学会在细雨中优雅起舞。
The true essence of life lies not in ，but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle.
on
by
struggling to survive the storm
adj.好奇的(curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲)
curious
·be curious about对……感到好奇
　be curious to do sth极想做某事
·out of curiosity出于好奇
　with curiosity 好奇地
　meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心
4
(1)既然你对科技如何影响中国人的生活感到好奇，我真诚地邀请你访问中国，亲身体验它们。　　　　　　　(2024·天津3月，书面表达)
Now that _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________，I sincerely invite you to visit China and experience them in person.
(2)出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地进入了破旧的牛奶房，在那里我发现了一只被蜘蛛网困住的蜂鸟。　　　　　　　(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)
，I crept into the broken milking house，where I spotted a hummingbird trapped in spider-webs.
　　　　 you are curious about how technologies affect/influence/have an effect on/have an influence on/have an impact on the lives of Chinese people
Out of curiosity
(3)我们很想了解周围的植物，因此，为了满足我们的好奇心，我们好奇地探索高中校园。　　　　　　　　(2023·浙江1月，应用文写作)
We and as a result，____________________________，we explored the senior high campus _____________________.
were curious to learn about the plants around us
to meet/satisfy our curiosity
curiously/with curiosity
adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物linking v.与……相等，等于vt.比得上(equality n.平等；相等equally adv.相等地；平等地)
equal
·be equal to (doing) sth等于/胜任(做)某事
·equal sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
·without equal无与伦比
5
(1)(话题写作之人物介绍)The person I respect most is my head teacher，who attaches great importance to honesty，sincerity，bravery and ________，so he treats each of us students .(equal)
(2)(应用文写作之申请信)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是，我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
Firstly，nobody can . is that I am in communication skills.So I hold the firm belief that as a volunteer for the fair.
equality
equally
equal me in oral English
Equally attractive
without equal
I am equal to the job
n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图(attempted adj.未遂的)
attempt
·make attempts/an attempt (to do sth) 尝试(做某事)
　at the first attempt第一次尝试
·attempt to do sth尝试/试图做某事
6
(1)Although he survived the (attempt) murder，it took him quite a long time to return to normal.
(2)我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物，但我笨手笨脚的。我不安地皱了皱眉。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)
I ，but I was all thumbs.I frowned anxiously.
(3)老师拍了拍我的肩膀，温柔地说：“你第一次尝试时失败是很正常的，坚持不懈很重要。”　　　　　　　　　(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
My teacher patted me on the shoulder，saying gently，“____________
and perseverance matters.”
attempted
attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people
It is quite
normal for you to fail at the first attempt
vt.估量，衡量；测量 linking v.(尺寸、数量等)量度为n.措施，办法；尺度
measure
·measure...by...用……来衡量……
　be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算
·take measures/steps/action to do sth采取措施做某事
　make sth to one’s measure照某人的尺寸做某物
7
(1)In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，some __________ (measure) over 90 meters in height.
(2)The tailor insisted that he should make clothes my own measure.
measuring
to
(3)(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)意识到我不能以貌取人，我非常羞愧地低下了头。
Realizing that I ，I hung my head in extreme shame.
(4)我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识，才能在不久的将来建成一个低碳校园。　　　　　　　　　　　(2024·天津6月，书面表达)
Only if _______________________________________________________
can we build a low carbon campus in the near future.
couldn’t measure others by appearances
we take appropriate measures to raise the awareness of
environmental protection
vi.& vt.呼吸[breath n.呼吸 breathless adj.(令人)气喘吁吁的；(令人)屏息的 breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地]
breathe
·breathe in/out 吸气/呼气；吸入/呼出
　breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气
·in one breath一口气
　hold one’s breath屏息；屏气
　take/draw a deep breath深呼吸
　out of breath喘不过气
8
(1)It has been proved that in the daytime，plants breathe carbon dioxide and breathe oxygen.
in
out
(2)(记叙文写作之活动介绍)大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管上气不接下气，但我们收获了美丽的风景。
About 2 hours later，we all reached the top of the hill.________________
，we were rewarded with beautiful scenery.
(3)(读后续写之乐于助人)我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后，我屏住呼吸，等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后，我松了一口气。
I ，dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.After conducting first aid，I ，waiting for her to regain consciousness.After observing her normally，I ________
.
Though (we were)
out of breath/breathless
took/drew a deep breath
held my breath
breathe
breathed
a sigh of relief
adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地(anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的；渴望的 anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑；渴望)
anxiously
·be anxious about sth/for sb为……担忧
　be anxious to do/that...渴望(做)……
·with anxiety＝anxiously 焦急地
9
(1)The mother was anxious her little son when knowing that he was frightened by a horrible accident.
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。
as if he had been on pins and needles.
(3)Eva渴望在巨大的学校大楼里找到路，但她的方向感很差，她是如此焦虑，以至于焦虑的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)
Eva __________________________________________________________ in the huge school building，but with a poor sense of direction，______________________________________________________(倒装句).
for
He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety
was anxious to find her way/was anxious that she could find her way
so anxious was she that tears of anxiety poured down her cheeks
用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)
run out
run out of用完；耗尽(主语为人)
run across偶然遇见
run after追赶；追求
run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
run for竞选；匆匆去取
10
用run短语的适当形式填空
I was jogging on the street when I my cousin，who was president of the Student Association.He told me that he had been this dream in the past two months，so he felt as if his energy were .Afraid that he would all his energy，I invited him to sit by the roadside，patiently informing him of some do’s and don’ts.
ran across/into
running for
running after
running out
run out of
使分解；(机器)停止运转，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉；消除，破坏(某种感情或态度)
break down
break into(及物)闯入；突然……起来
break in(不及物)破门而入，闯入；(on sth)打断，搅扰
break away (from)离开；脱离
break out爆发
break up粉碎；结束；解散；拆解；分手
break through取得突破；克服；(日/月)拨云而出
11
用break短语的适当形式填空
(读后续写之片段描写) A terrible quarrel between the sensitive guy and his parents.He had difficulty his inner anger，so the guy rose to his feet and stormed out of the house，determining on his family and his relationship with his parents.With the sun at around lunchtime，he staggered aimlessly on the street，regretting what he had said and done.Then，he dashed back， his house and hugged his parents，who removed their worry and finally a smile.
broke out
breaking down
breaking away from
breaking up
breaking through
broke into
broke into
The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...第一，物体越大，下落越快……
the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
·“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。
·“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。
·“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。
12
(1)The more roads and parking lots we pave，the (little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
less
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)她越想这个问题，就越感到害怕，手心在冒汗，心跳得厉害。
， ，her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly.
(3)从图片上看，中国的交通变得越来越先进了。交通方式越多，中国人的生活就越方便。　　　　　　　　 　(2024·全国甲，书面表达)
Judging from the pictures，Chinese transport ______________________
.The more means of transportation there are，________
.
用法点拨　“the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来意义。
The more she thought about this matter
the more frightened she felt
has become more and
more advanced
the more
convenient Chinese people’s life will be
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1.The professor of education is lecturing① to parents，saying that they mustn’t lecture② their kids about their behaviour.The wonderful lecture③ had the desired effect.
①_______________　②_______　③_____________
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
vi.开讲座，讲课
vt.训斥
n.讲座，演讲
2.The hard-working athlete won the Olympic title① in Paris and in her spare time，she often reads a book titled② “Who’s Who in the World” and watches a movie with the title③ of “Forrest Gump”.It is because of her great efforts that she is awarded the title④ of “Star Athlete of the Week”.
①_______　②____________　③_____________　④_______
3.The young man floated① an innovative idea to his employer，but got turned down.He felt as if floating② in an ocean of sadness.
①_____________________________　②__________
n.冠军
vt.加标题于
n.题目，标题
n.称号
vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划)
vi.漂，浮
4.I couldn’t exactly measure① how big the room was，so I measured② the room using my newly-bought tool and it turned out that the room measured③ ten meters across.Then I returned to the company，where my colleagues were talking about what measures④ should be taken to improve the image of the company.
①_____________　②_______　③_______________　④_____________
5.The earthquake struck the city and rescue workers built shelters① for survivors，trying to shelter② them from further injury.The survivors stayed at the specified places，sheltering③ from the possible aftershock.
①_________　②_______　③_______
vt.估量，衡量
vt.测量
linking v.量度为
n.措施，办法
n.避难所
vt.保护
vi.躲避
6.The old man survived① the earthquake and survived② on little money；he survived③ his wife by 10 years who died in the earthquake.Believe it or not，the old man respected the old customs surviving④ into the present.
①_______　②_____________　③_______________　④____________
7.My diligent cousin operated① a restaurant and he bought a new computer which was easy to operate②.His measures to promote his restaurant operated③ at once and many diners had meals every day.To make his restaurant operate④ smoothly，he worked day and night.Unluckily，he fell ill and had to be operated⑤ on.
①____________　②____________　③______________　④____________　⑤_________
vt.幸存
vi.生存，存活
vt.比……活得长
vi.保存下来
vt.经营，管理
vt.操作，使用
vi.起作用，奏效
vi.运行，运转
vi.动手术
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.I was (shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my smartphone.
2.The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape (harm) by the powerful waves.
3.Obviously，his (survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree.
4.Out of (curious)，the girl Obviously the red button of the device regardless of the warning.
5.In my opinion，the young man is equal the job on account of his creativity.
shocked
being harmed
survival
curiosity
to
6.To my amazement，our first attempt (develop) new software was a great success.
7.We must take instant (measure) to ensure the safety of the project.
8.Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife __________(protect).
9.In addition， (breath) deeply before taking an exam can help you relieve your stress.
10.These businessmen (anxious) waited for the detailed contents of the latest policy.
to develop
measures
protection
breathing
anxiously
11.With my money running ，I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few dollars.
12.To make matters worse，his car broke at a location where no help was accessible.
13.The more careful you are，the (few) errors you will make.
14.My cousin，who is addicted to computer games，has difficulty _____________(concentrate) on his academic work.
out
down
fewer
concentrating
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Part Three
应用文增分练
自然灾害
假如你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括：
1.表达安慰；
2.救援队已到达并实施救援；
3.表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。
1.听说你们的家乡意外地发生了一场可怕的地震，我很震惊。(shock)
_____________________________________________________________
2.我越想这次地震，就越感到忧虑和沮丧。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
_____________________________________________________________
3.我很想借此机会向在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(anxious；定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我松了一口气。(breathe a sigh of relief)
_____________________________________________________________
5.他们努力营救被困在废墟中的人们，完全将他们自身的安全抛在脑后，值得我们的尊重和钦佩。(attempt to do；现在分词短语作状语；非限制性定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
6.在政府和全国人民的帮助下，更多的人避免了在这场灾难中丧生。(escape doing)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Dear friends，
I’m Li Hua，chairman of the Student Council.I am shocked to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown.The more I think about the earthquake，the more concerned and frustrated I feel.
I am anxious to take this opportunity to express my deepest sympathy and concern for the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake.Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，I breathe a sigh of relief.They have attempted to rescue people trapped in ruins，totally leaving their own safety behind，
应用文增分练
参考范文
which deserves our respect and admiration.What’s more，with the aid of the government and people across the country，more people have escaped being killed in the disaster.
I’m fully convinced that everything will be fine though deeply affected by the earthquake，and the stricken area will recover soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
亮 词 [人物描写]　ambition；honesty；sincerity；bravery
[情感描写]　shock；frightened；horrible；curious；anxiously；cheerful
美 句 1.All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.(环境描写)
2.I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(比喻句)
3.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(动作描写)
4.Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.
(环境描写)
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
情感细节描写：恐惧与绝望
单 词 shout v.大声喊叫
scream v.惊声尖叫
struggle v.挣扎；奋斗；艰难行进
hopeless adj.不抱希望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地
threat n.威胁→threaten v.威胁；胁迫
despair n.绝望
desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n.绝望
词 块 in despair/desperation绝望地　fall into despair/sink into hopelessness/ abandon oneself to despair陷入绝望　be in the depths of despair处于绝望的深渊　give up all the hope放弃所有希望　be thrown into a world of darkness被投入黑暗世界　be getting desperate with＋情感名词　因为……而感到越来越绝望　weep bitter tears of despair/ desperation绝望得痛哭流涕　be seized with overwhelming despair顿时绝望到极点　one’s eyes be glued to/be fixed on sb with terror惊恐地盯着某人
句 型 I was trapped in the flood and tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face.(无灵主语句)
我被困在洪水中，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸颊流下来。
I felt more and more frightened，sensing that death was waiting for me.(现在分词短语作状语)我越来越害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。
It was not until then that I got rid of my terror.(强调句型)
直到那时我才摆脱了恐惧。
As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually.
随着时间的推移，我能活下去的信心逐渐消退。
Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.(无灵主语句)
他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。
A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely.(无灵主语句)
他完全被绝望吞没/控制了。
His heart was torn with despair.他的心因绝望而被撕裂了。
主题：遇险与脱困
① (部分倒装) in my life.I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Trapped in the horrible rain，I anxiously struggled to make my way but in vain；② (无灵主语句).
我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在可怕的雨中，焦急地挣扎着前进，但没有成功；恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸颊流下来。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
Never had I experienced such a hopeless/desperate moment
tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face
What’s worse，what shocked me was that my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more and more frightened，③________________
(现在分词短语作状语).④_______________________
(分词短语作状语)，I yelled at the top of my lungs but there was no response.Seized with overwhelming despair，I almost couldn’t breathe.As time went by，⑤______________
.
更糟糕的是，令我震惊的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我越来越害怕，感觉到死亡正在等着我。我被扔进了黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有回应。绝望到极点，我几乎无法呼吸。随着时间的推移，我能活下去的信心逐渐消退。
sensing that death
was waiting for me
Thrown into a world of
darkness and sinking into hopelessness
the faith that I
could make it alive faded gradually
It was at that time that my husband Joe came to my rescue like a savior. He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car. After confirming the safety，we inched forward in the muddy water and eventually made it home safe and sound.⑥__________________________
(强调句型).Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting my back，comforting me gently.
就在那个时候，我丈夫乔像救世主一样来救我。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在浑浊的水中慢慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，温柔地安慰我。
It was not until then that I got
rid of my terror
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