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选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12 INNOVATION(二)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东济南期末)
From the day we’re born，curiosity becomes a primary driving force that motivates us to explore unknown ideas and territories in search of answers and stimulations.Human beings have an inborn desire to close the “curiosity gap” every day.
A recent study found that curiosity can be a highly effective way to lead people to make smarter and healthier lifestyle choices.Evan Polman，assistant professor of marketing at the University of Wisconsin-Madison，said，“Our research shows that ①fueling people’s curiosity can influence their choices by turning them away from ②inviting desires，like unhealthy foods or taking the elevator，and toward less inviting but healthier options，such as buying more fresh produce or taking the stairs.”
To prove the positive potential of the curiosity gap，Polman and his team conducted a series of experiments designed to test how curiosity affected the choices people made positively.In each study，arousing curiosity resulted in ③noticeable behavior change.For example，in one of the experiments，Polman increased the number of participants who chose to watch a video of academic nature by promising that they would reveal the secret behind a magic trick at the end of the video.
The results of the field studies on curiosity were particularly convincing to Polman.In one field study，the researchers created a 10 percent increase in the use of stairs in a university building by posting trivial(琐事) questions near the elevators and posting the answers in the stairwell.In another，they increased the purchase of fresh produce by placing a joke on the posters describing the fruit or vegetable.
Polman was surprised by the degree that taking advantage of the curiosity gap could motivate people to automatically make healthier lifestyle choices.He concluded，“Our results suggest that using interventions based on curiosity gaps has the potential to increase participation in desired behaviors for which people often lack motivation.It also provides new evidence that curiosity-based interventions come at an incredibly small cost and could help push people toward a variety of positive actions.”
1．What did a recent study find about curiosity
A．It fuels people’s desires.
B．It lowers people’s purchasing power.
C．It benefits people’s health.
D．It determines people’s lives.
2．What were those experiments by Polman’s team aimed at
A．Supporting a theory. B．Raising a research topic.
C．Arousing scientists’ interest. D．Displaying negative evidence.
3．What is Polman’s attitude to the results of field studies
A．Doubtful. B．Unclear.
C．Approving. D．Dismissive.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．How to Stay Curious
B．The Magic of Curiosity
C．How to Make Health Choices
D．The Two Sides of Curiosity Gap
语境猜词 ①fuel(转)n.→v. ②inviting(派)＝invit(e)＋ing ③noticeable(派)＝notice＋able
B
About one in four Americans are physically inactive，according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.But for many of us，physical inactivity is not an intentional choice.It stems from sitting all day at a desk job，driving to work because there are no suitable walking or cycling routes，and having little time for exercise.But what if the infrastructure(基础设施) around you gave you the opportunity to move your body without taking extra time out of your day
“An active city would offer you loads of ways to get from A to B，” said Anna Boldina，an architectural researcher and designer who studies active cities at the University of Cambridge in the U．K.“Not only would these active cities be full of variety，but the various elements of an active city also have their own specific benefits：for example，stepping stones improve balanced ①co-activation of a variety of upper and lower body muscles as well as mindfulness and concentration on ‘here and now’，known as a stress relief.”
This all sounds great for future city design and planning，but how can we integrate these features into existing city infrastructure “The best way to transform a place into an active city is through small interventions here and there：an extra stepping stone ②shortcut across the grass or extra log across the rain garden，” Boldina said.“Sometimes it is not about adding；it is about removing.It is also important that these routes are accessible to people of all ages and abilities.”
Of course，if there are always less challenging alternatives available，how can we encourage those who are able to take the more physically active routes “One of our studies was aimed specifically at encouragement，” Boldina said.The study found that the most effective means of encouragement was providing a shortcut.“Other factors included ③playfulness，crossing water，using natural materials and adding handrails for confidence，” added Boldina，whose group is currently working with architects in Cambridge to create such active landscapes.
5．What does the phrase “stems from” underlined in paragraph 1 mean
A．Relies on. B．Is caused by.
C．Mixes with. D．Is changed into.
6．What can we learn about active cities
A．They contribute to better health.
B．They offer personalized activities.
C．They rely on governmental support.
D．They generally look like each other.
7．What does Boldina think matters when we transform a place into an active city
A．Protecting the local environment.
B．Adding a variety of safety equipment.
C．Making it easy for people to use.
D．Designing as many routes as possible.
8．What does Boldina’s study try to find
A．How to motivate citizens to use active routes.
B．How to make active routes functional and fun.
C．Why citizens have little interest in active routes.
D．Why Cambridge can succeed in adopting active routes.
语境猜词 ①co-activation(派)＝co＋activa(te)＋tion ②shortcut(合)＝short＋cut ③playfulness(派)＝play＋ful＋ness
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How long does it take to become an elite(精英) in your field 1 That’s what John Hayes，a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University，wanted to know.
For decades，Hayes has been investigating the role of effort，practice and knowledge in top performers. 2 The research focused on people like Mozart and Picasso to determine how long it took them to become world-class at their ①craft.
Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world-class-performers.And more importantly，let’s discuss how you can use these insights to achieve your goals and become your best.
3 He analyzed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900.The central question that drove his work was，“How long after one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world-class？” Eventually，Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of “masterworks” in the field，which were created by a total of 76 composers.
Next，Hayes ②mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career. 4 What he discovered was that ③virtually every single “masterwork” was written after the tenth year of the composer’s career.Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade of practice first.Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular. 5
In follow-up studies，Hayes found similar patterns among famous painters and popular poets.These findings have been further confirmed by research from professors like K．Anders Ericsson，who produced research that revealed that you needed to put in “10,000 hours” to become an elite or expert in your field.
A．It takes time to achieve your goals.
B．And what do people like doing in their spare time
C．He has studied the most talented creators in history.
D．Hayes started his research by examining successful composers.
E．And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us
F．Professor Hayes began to refer to this period as the “ten years of silence”．
G．And then he calculated how long they had been working before they created their popular works.
语境猜词 ①craft(熟义：n.工艺；手艺) 生义(文义)： ②map out ③virtually(熟义：adv.虚拟地) 生义(文义)：
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·浙江金华二模)
In the heart of Gaza，a 15-year-old Palestinian teen，Hussam Al-Attar，has become a beacon of hope.He has been 1 the “Newton of Gaza” because he came up with a brilliant and practical solution to the power 2 issue in ①displacement shelters in Rafah.
Equipped with 3 basic tools，Hussam generated electricity to illuminate the dark shelters.The 4 behind his solution was simple—
he wanted to 5 the loneliness and fear his twin nephews experienced in the dark tent.
Despite the 6 of resources，Hussam managed to create fans that generate electricity.Firstly，he 7 components from damaged electronic devices，gathering essential elements for his power generators.These components have 8 coils，wires，and magnets.Next，Hussam 9 a simple yet effective turbine(涡轮) using locally 10 materials.The turbine’s blades(叶片) were constructed from ②lightweight but strong materials to 11 the force of the wind.As the wind 12 these blades，it activated the turbine.
With dreams of becoming an inventor，Hussam remains 13 about life’s possibilities despite Palestine’s challenges.He also ③notes that there are many 14 teens like him in Gaza.As the “Newton of Gaza，” Hussam Al-Attar is not just brightening shelters; he is lighting the way for a brighter future in the face of 15 .
1．A.rewarded B．nicknamed
C．awarded D．marked
2．A.balance B．abuse
C．control D．failure
3．A.nearly B．almost
C．only D．much
4．A.instruction B．situation
C．motivation D．explanation
5．A.overcome B．ease
C．release D．escape
6．A.supply B．waste
C．shortage D．distribution
7．A.recycled B．restored
C．refreshed D．reformed
8．A.included B．excluded
C．switched D．battled
9．A.obtained B．transformed
C．repaired D．④fashioned
10．A.affordable B．sustainable
C．available D．organic
11．A.resist B．capture
C．measure D．generate
12．A.interacted with B．cooperated with
C．dealt with D．agreed with
13．A.curious B．optimistic
C．amazed D．sympathetic
14．A.energetic B．bold
C．promising D．innovative
15．A.change B．adventure
C．danger D．adversity
语境猜词 ①displacement(派)＝dis＋place＋ment ②lightweight(合)＝light＋weight ③note(熟义：v.留意) 生义(文义)： ④fashion(转)n.→v.
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The southern ①mountainous area of Anhui Province is home to old villages that seek to burst with new vitality.Among them，Xidi and Hongcun villages，1. (declare) by UNESCO to be World Heritage sites in 2000 for their outstanding preservation of ancient rural architecture，welcome visitors who come to appreciate 2. (they) distinctive Huizhou-style houses and a full display of the Hui culture.They feel as if immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting.
This level of preservation could not be achieved 3. the participation of generations of local residents.In the old days，street dealers 4. (forbid) from letting their shoulder poles(肩担)touch the ground in order to protect the bluestone laid on all the streets and alleys here.
5． a local folk rhyme(民谣)says，“One is not lucky to be born in Huizhou.At 13 or 14 he ②is kicked out of his hometown to make 6. living.” It indicates 7. hard the people of Huizhou once struggled.So far，some customs have remained and newly integrated with tourism，8. (offer) glimpses into the lives of the ancient Huizhou people.“This symbolizes the 9. (combine) of intangible with tangible cultural heritage.” A local official says.He also suggests that the old villages explore and find their own unique and ③marketable themes to fully showcase their 10.___________________(culture) charm.
语境猜词 ①mountainous(派)＝mountain＋ous ②be kicked out of one’s hometown ③marketable(派)＝market＋able
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①增加；加强；刺激　②adj.诱人的　③adj.显而易见的
B．①n.共同激活　②n.捷径；近路　③n.玩耍；嬉闹
Ⅱ.①n.行业；职业　②详细绘制　③adv.实际上；事实上
Ⅲ.①n.流离失所　②adj.重量轻的　③v.指出　④(尤指用手工)制作，使成形，塑造
Ⅳ.①adj.多山的　②被赶出家乡　③adj.可销售的；有销路的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了好奇心对人们做出更聪明和更健康的生活选择具有积极影响。
1．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“A recent study found that curiosity can be a highly effective way to lead people to make smarter and healthier lifestyle choices.”可知，研究发现好奇心能够被用来引导人们做出更健康的生活选择，即有益于人们的健康。故选C。]
2．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，为了证明好奇心差距的积极潜力，Polman和他的团队进行了一系列实验证明好奇心如何积极影响人们的选择，即这些实验是为了支持一个理论。故选A。]
3．C　[观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中“The results of the field studies on curiosity were particularly convincing to Polman.”可知，Polman对实地研究的结果是极其信服的，即他对实地研究的结果是赞同的。故选C。]
4．B　[标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段可知，这篇文章主要讲述了利用好奇心让人们做出更聪明和更健康的生活选择的研究及其结果。B选项“好奇心的魔力”能够概括文章主要内容，适合作标题。故选B。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于如何在城市中通过设计基础设施来促进人们的身体活动的研究和建议。
5．B　[词义猜测题。前文“But for many of us，physical inactivity is not an intentional choice.”指出缺乏运动并不是一个有意的选择，根据画线部分后文“sitting all day at a desk job，driving to work because there are no suitable walking or cycling routes，and having little time for exercise”可推知，后文是不活跃的原因，所以画线短语应是“源于”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B。]
6．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Not only would these active cities...improve balanced co-activation of a variety of upper and lower body muscles as well as mindfulness and concentration on...”可知，充满活力的城市有助于锻炼身体，增进健康。故选A。]
7．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The best way to transform a place into an active city is through small interventions here and there...It is also important that these routes are accessible to people of all ages and abilities.”可知，Boldina认为在改造活力城市时重要的是使设施方便各地区、所有年龄段和能力的人使用。故选C。]
8．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The study found that the most effective means of encouragement was providing a shortcut.”可知，Boldina的研究试图找到如何激励市民使用活跃的路线。故选A。]
Ⅱ.1.E　2.C　3.D　4.G　5.F
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了15岁的巴勒斯坦少年Hussam Al-Attar提出了一个聪明而实用的解决方案来解决拉法流离失所者收容所的停电问题。
1．B　[reward奖励；nickname给……起绰号；award授予；mark做标记。根据后文“the ‘Newton of Gaza’”可知，他外号叫“加沙的牛顿”。故选B。]
2．D　[balance平衡；abuse虐待；control控制；failure失败，故障。根据前文“he came up with a brilliant and practical solution to address the power”和后文“Hussam generated electricity to illuminate the dark shelters”可知，他解决了电力供应故障问题，故选D。]
3．C　[nearly差不多；almost几乎；only仅仅；much非常。根据后文“basic tools”和语境可知，他只有基本的工具。故选C。]
4．C　[instruction指示；situation情况；motivation动力；explanation解释。根据后文“he wanted to ________ the loneliness and fear his twin nephews experienced in the dark tent”可知，后文解释了他解决供电问题的动机。故选C。]
5．B　[overcome克服；ease缓解；release释放；escape逃走。根据后文“the loneliness and fear”可知，他解决供电问题的动机是想缓解他的双胞胎侄子在黑暗的帐篷里经历的孤独和恐惧。故选B。]
6．C　[supply供应；waste浪费；shortage缺乏；distribution分配。根据前文“basic tools”可知，他只有基本的工具，所以面临资源短缺的难题。故选C。]
7．A　[recycle回收利用；restore恢复；refresh使恢复精力；reform改革。根据后文“components from damaged electronic devices”可知，他从损坏的电子设备中回收部件，为他的发电机收集必要的电器元件。故选A。]
8．A　[include包括；exclude不包括；switch交换；battle搏斗。此处都是解决供电问题所需要的部件，故选A。]
9．D　[obtain获得；transform转换；repair修理；fashion(尤指用手工)制作。根据后文“a simple yet effective turbine(涡轮) using”可知他手工制作了一个涡轮机。故选D。]
10．C　[affordable负担得起的；sustainable可持续的；available可获得的；organic有机的。根据前文“he ________ components from damaged electronic devices”可知，他回收再利用的部件都是来自损坏的电子设备，即从当地能得到这些材料。故选C。]
11．B　[resist抵制；capture捕获；measure测量；generate产生。根据后文“the force of the wind”可知，涡轮机通过叶片捕捉风力，从而发电。故选B。]
12．A　[interact with与……相互作用；cooperate with与……合作；deal with处理；agree with同意。根据后文“these blades，it activated the turbine”可知，要利用风能发电，需要风与这些叶片相互作用，启动涡轮机。故选A。]
13．B　[curious好奇的；optimistic乐观的；amazed惊讶的；sympathetic有同情心的。根据后文“about life’s possibilities despite Palestine’s challenges”中despite表示让步可知，尽管巴勒斯坦面临种种挑战，Hussam仍然对生活的可能性持乐观态度，故选B。]
14．D　[energetic精力充沛的；bold大胆的；promising有前途的；innovative创新的。根据前文“he came up with a brilliant and practical solution to the power ________ issue in displacement shelters in Rafah”可知，他提出了一个聪明而实用的解决方案来解决拉法流离失所者收容所的停电问题，说明他有创新精神。故选D。]
15．D　[change改变；adventure冒险；danger危险；adversity逆境。呼应前文“despite Palestine’s challenges”可知，他身处逆境，但还是通过自己的才智为更光明的未来照亮道路。故选D。]
Ⅳ.1.declared　2.their　3.without　4.were forbidden　5.As
6．a　7.how　8.offering　9.combination　10.cultural选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12 INNOVATION(一)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Over the past few months，I’ve been invited to speak with well-known writers，musicians and film producers regarding my recent book，Extraterrestrial.Prior to these conversations，I was on the receiving (and admiring) end of their artistic work，but now they were curious about my own research as a scientist.The reverse led me to recognize the similarities between innovation in arts and sciences.
In sciences and arts alike，creativity appears magically as an unpredictable fountain of inspiration from the subconscious(潜意识)．Its unexpected content breaks routines within traditional thinking.It delivers something new that is distinct from common practices，often taking people out of their comfort zone because it is ahead of its time.As a result，many innovators are laughed at and denied the recognition they deserve when they need it the most.
There are many examples of such circumstances.In 1933 Fritz Zwicky inferred the existence of “dark matter”，but it took four decades for this concept to gain recognition within the astronomy community.Vincent van Gogh was considered a madman and a failure throughout his life.Today，his paintings are among the most expensive ever sold，though.
Typically，life offers two ways of acquiring objects.One is by collecting available items，and the other is by creating things that never existed before.Whereas most items on the shelves of supermarkets are mass-produced，products that are newly created by artists or scientists are originally unique.Just like aging wine，a product of creative work acquires quality over time.It is colored by the response of the audience as well as by imitations.The initial circumstances are a ①reminder of an admirable baby.It is fascinating for a scientist or an artist to watch the interaction of their creations with the world，just as it is for parents to watch their children.
Creativity in arts and sciences establishes a ②backdrop for human existence，as the content it invents gives pleasure and meaning to our lives.The human act of creation is an infinite-sum game，from which all of us benefit.And we can all participate in the creative process.
1．Which can best replace the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 1
A．Priority. B．Assumption.
C．Shift. D．Preference.
2．What can best describe creativity in sciences and arts
A．It tends to be forecastable. B．It mirrors common beliefs.
C．It usually leads the times. D．It enjoys instant acceptance.
3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Creative works withstand the test of time.
B．Mass-produced items are preferable.
C．Old wine can’t be put into new bottles.
D．Inventiveness starts from childhood.
4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To launch an appeal. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To offer an entertainment. D．To advocate a lifestyle.
语境猜词 ①reminder(派)＝remind＋er ②backdrop(合)＝back＋drop
B
Joey Hudicka began his business journey by creating a strategy game called Puckz when he was just 5 years old，combining two of his favorite interests—strategy games like checkers，and sports like ice hockey.Seeing the amazing experiences unfold for her big brother，Heidi Hudicka set out to create her own first business，a fashion clothing line for her 18 dolls.
But one day，Joey and Heidi met after school and experienced a real breakthrough.“I was telling Joey I was asking friends if they would like me to outsource(外包) the sewing of my designs to them，since it is not really my favorite part of that business，but none of my friends understood what I meant by outsourcing，” recalls Heidi.
“When Heidi told me what happened after school that day I was like，‘Yeah! I have the same problem.’ Most kids just don’t understand when we talk about our business，or even why it is important to understand how businesses work，” says Joey.“And that’s when we decided to do something about it，to create a fun and engaging way to teach more kids about the power of their creativity through innovation and business.”
Joey and Heidi，along with their parents，founded the company Fizzee Labs，and began creating engaging learning resources such as Outta This World，a board game that activates your imagination by applying it to invent amazing new products or experiences，in a ①fast-paced，competitive format.
“Outta This World is a journey through the depths of outer space.You have brought very limited supplies with you on your mission，and you must creatively ②repurpose these supplies，transforming them into brand new products or experiences that can be sold to the different civilizations you will meet along your journey，raising the funds you need to reach your destination！” describes Joey.
5．What motivated Heidi to start her first business
A．Her brother’s previous success.
B．Her eagerness for fortune.
C．Her passion for strategy games.
D．Her parents’ suggestion and support.
6．Why did Joey and Heidi decide to create Fizzee Labs
A．To understand how businesses work.
B．To create a board game about outer space.
C．To outsource the sewing of their clothing line.
D．To teach kids about the power of creativity and business.
7．What is the function of Outta This World
A．Addressing the business problems.
B．Raising funds for a space mission.
C．Developing interesting learning resources.
D．Encouraging imagination and invention.
8．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Two Great Teenagers Making History
B．A Strategy Board Game Popular with Teenagers
C．A Breakthrough in Teaching Kids About Business
D．An Innovative Way of Being Successful in Business
语境猜词 ①fast-paced(合＋派)＝fast＋pace＋d ②repurpose(派)＝re＋purpose
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
According to the World Economic Forum，by 2050，soft skills such as complex problem-solving，critical thinking，creativity，and emotional intelligence will be among the most important ones required in the workplace. 1 The following will give you some insight into this.
2 A report by iCIMS Hiring Insights found that 94 percent of employers believe an employee with stronger soft skills has a better chance of being promoted to a leadership position than an employee with more years of experience but weaker soft skills.It’s become vital to develop these skills if you want to progress in your career as they will set you apart from others at the interview and on the job.
The modern workplace is ①interpersonal.Skills such as active listening，cooperation，presenting ideas clearly and communicating with colleagues effectively are all highly valued in the modern workplace. 3 And that is a key element for organizations in an increasingly competitive world.
Customers and clients demand soft skills.Thanks to the development of online shopping，consumers these days have a huge number of choices as to where to buy the desired items.Online shopping makes convenience and low prices quite easy to come by and customer service is what really affects customers’ choosing a particular business. 4
The future workplace will rely on soft skills.Advances in technology，such as artificial intelligence，have caused tasks that required hard skills to decline，making soft skills a key differentiator (差别因素) in the workplace.An ②authoritative study predicts that soft skill-intensive occupations will account for two-thirds of all jobs by 2030. 5 Companies such as Virtual Speech are ③resolving this by using VR as a way to improve soft skills.
A．They are also useful in our personal lives.
B．Soft skills are helpful to career development.
C．The term “soft skills” covers a wide range of skills.
D．Thus it is vital to have good communication with customers.
E．But it’s difficult to teach soft skills and track the improvements.
F．Strong soft skills contribute to a productive and healthy work environment.
G．Perhaps you are wondering how they play a big role in our professional lives.
语境猜词 ①interpersonal(派)＝inter＋person＋al ②authoritative(派)＝authorit(y)＋a＋tive ③resolve(熟义：v.下决心) 生义(文义)：
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·广东茂名一模)
What’s connected to the invention of rubber surgical gloves is an interesting story.
Believe it or not，this little tool 1 in every doctor’s office and hospital was invented out of 2 .In 1889，Dr.William Halsted was in love with the nurse and eventual wife，Carolyn Hampton. 3 ，this invention should be named “Rubber Gloves of Love”．
Hospital procedures 4 surgical personnel to wash and ①disinfect their hands before interacting with patients.Carolyn 5 severe dermatitis(皮炎) due to the use of mercuric chloride(氯化汞) for disinfection.She was almost about to 6 but Halsted wanted to keep her near him.To protect her 7 ，he thought hard and suddenly，something 8 him.He ②contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company，asking the engineers there to 9 thin rubber gloves for Carolyn.
10 rubber gloves were very different from what we have today，but they proved to be an excellent 11 to the operating room.The gloves were 12 well received.Many other personnel began wearing the gloves.It’s generally 13 that now they have many uses，far beyond their original 14 .For example，③hairdressers use them to prevent getting poisoned by dyes and solutions(溶液) used in their business.
Whenever I see gloves anywhere，I can’t help but think of this 15 of inventing the “rubber gloves of love”．
1．A.seen B．made
C．tested D．confirmed
2．A.sympathy B．love
C．curiosity D．thankfulness
3．A.Instead B．Besides
C．Indeed D．Otherwise
4．A.allow B．cause
C．promise D．require
5．A.developed B．discovered
C．controlled D．cured
6．A.succeed B．graduate
C．resign D．retire
7．A.achievement B．courage
C．legs D．hands
8．A.happened to B．occurred to
C．answered for D．waited for
9．A.check B．clean
C．count D．④fashion
10．A.Original B．New
C．Extra D．Regular
11．A.response B．attitude
C．sensitivity D．addition
12．A.usually B．actually
C．carefully D．nearly
13．A.said B．known
C．reported D．announced
14．A.belief B．identity
C．purpose D．quality
15．A.story B．record
C．work D．memory
语境猜词 ①disinfect(派)＝dis＋infect ②contact(转)n.→v. ③hairdresser(合＋派)＝hair＋dress＋er ④fashion(熟义：n.时尚) 生义(文义)：
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Huishan clay figurines(泥人) are produced in the western suburb of Wuxi，Jiangsu Province，and are one of China’s most famous folk arts，having a history 1. (stretch) back over a thousand years.
The craft originated in the Southern Dynasties and reached 2. (it) peak in the Qing Dynasty.During the Qing，an artist made five clay figurines for Emperor Qianlong(1711～1799) and 3. (reward) with high praise from the royal family.
Huishan clay figurines differ from those of other ①localities in that they are always small and always feature a big head.They divide into two types—②mold-pressed and hand-crafted.The 4._______________(cheap) molded figures often serve as children’s toys while the hand-crafted pieces are more refined and original.
The characters depicted(描绘) come 5. (large) from legends and Chinese opera plots.Da A Fu，a plump(微胖的) boy holding a fish，is the most popular figure in Huishan clay art.The legend 6. (go) that long，long ago，a deity，disguised as a boy，beat a fierce lion 7. saved the children in Huishan.
8． (express) appreciation，local people started to make clay figures of their boy savior Da A Fu.One-third of the overall figure is taken up by Da A Fu’s large head,9.______________ a face round as a full moon and big ears ③reaching down to his shoulders.It is 10. image implying happiness and good fortune.
语境猜词 ①locality(派)＝local＋ity ②mold-pressed(合)＝mold＋pressed ③reach(熟义：v.到达) 生义(文义)：
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①n.令人回忆起……的东西；提醒……的东西　②n.背景
B．①adj.快步调的；快节奏的　②v.(为适合新用途)对……稍加修改
Ⅱ.①adj.人际的；人与人之间的　②adj.权威的；有威信的　③v.解决
Ⅲ.①v.给……消毒　②联系；联络　③n.理发师　④v.(尤指用手工)制作
Ⅳ.①n.地区　②adj.模压成型的　③v.延伸到
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是夹叙夹议文。本文以一场作者和艺术家们的对话引入话题，提出了艺术创新和科学创新的相似性。随后作者就两种创新的超前性展开论述并举例说明。最后作者呼吁人们参与创新。
1．C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Prior to these conversations，I was on the receiving (and admiring) end of their artistic work，but now they were curious about my own research as a scientist.”可知，以前是作者欣赏艺术家们的作品，现在是艺术家们对作者的作品感兴趣，即进行了角色互换。所以reverse意为“转换”。故选C。]
2．C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“In sciences and arts alike，creativity appears...It delivers something new that is distinct from common practices，often taking people out of their comfort zone because it is ahead of its time.”可知，艺术与科学中的创新往往领先于它所在的时代。故选C。]
3．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Just like aging wine，a product of creative work acquires quality over time.”可知，创新产品要经过一段时间才能显现其品质，即要经受时间的检验。故选A。]
4．A　[写作意图题。根据最后一段尤其最后一句可知，作者呼吁人们参与创新。故选A。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一对创业兄妹Joey和Heidi为激发同龄人的创造力而创办了一家公司，专门研发益智类的学习素材。
5．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Seeing the amazing experiences unfold for her big brother，Heidi Hudicka set out to create her own first business，a fashion clothing line for her 18 dolls.”可知，她哥哥的成功经历激励她创办自己的第一份事业。故选A。]
6．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“And that’s when we decided to do something about it，to create a fun and engaging way to teach more kids about the power of their creativity through innovation and business.”及第四段第一句中“Joey and Heidi，along with their parents，founded the company Fizzee Labs”可知，他们创立Fizzee Labs是为了使孩子们懂得创造力和商业的力量。故选D。]
7．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“...engaging learning resources such as Outta This World，a board game that activates your imagination by applying it to invent amazing new products or experiences，in a fast-paced，competitive format.”可知，该游戏可以激活想象力和创造力。故选D。]
8．A　[标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了一对创业兄妹Joey和Heidi为激发同龄人的创造力而创办了一家公司，专门研发益智类的学习素材，这是两个优秀的少年创造成功的故事。所以A项“两位创造历史的伟大少年”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。]
Ⅱ.1.G　2.B　3.F　4.D　5.E
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。如今橡胶手套在医院随处可见，文章主要讲述了这个发明背后是一个关于丈夫对妻子的爱的故事。
1．A　[根据后文“in every doctor’s office and hospital”并结合常识可知，橡胶手套会在每个医生的办公室和医院被看到。故选A。]
2．B　[根据后文“Rubber Gloves of Love”可知，这个工具是出于爱而被发明的。故选B。]
3．C　[根据后文可知橡胶手套是因为丈夫对妻子的爱而被发明的，所以“的确”应该被命名为“爱的橡胶手套”。故选C。]
4．D　[根据后文“surgical personnel to wash and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients”可知，医院程序要求外科人员在与病人接触之前洗手消毒。故选D。]
5．A　[根据后文“severe dermatitis(皮炎) due to the use of mercuric chloride(氯化汞) for disinfection”可知，由于经常使用氯化汞进行消毒，卡罗琳患上了严重的皮炎，此处develop表示“患某种疾病”。故选A。]
6．C　[前文提到她患了严重的皮炎，结合后文“but Halsted wanted to keep her near him”可知，她几乎想辞职了，但作为医生的丈夫希望她继续和他一起工作。故选C。]
7．D　[根据前文“wash and disinfect their hands”可知是手得了皮炎，因此要保护手。故选D。]
8．B　[happen to发生在某人身上；occur to被想到；answer for代表……讲话；wait for等待。根据后文“He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company，asking the engineers there to”可知他想出了橡胶手套的主意。短语sth occurred to sb表示“某人想到某事”。故选B。]
9．D　[count计算；fashion(尤指用手工)制作。根据后文“thin rubber gloves for Carolyn”可知，丈夫联系橡胶公司为妻子制作薄橡胶手套。故选D。]
10．A　[根据后文“were very different from what we have today”可知，最初的橡胶手套与我们今天使用的非常不同，故选A。]
11．D　[response回答；attitude态度；sensitivity敏感性；addition增加物，补充。根据后文“to the operating room”以及常识可知，手术室里离不开橡胶手套，即它们被证明是对手术室的一个很好的补充。故选D。]
12．B　[根据后文“Many other personnel began wearing the gloves.”可知，这些手套实际上很受欢迎。故选B。]
13．B　[根据后文“now they have many uses”以及句意可知，橡胶手套有多种用途已是一项共识，所以此处用句型It’s generally known that...表示“众所周知……”。故选B。]
14．C　[根据前文“now they have many uses”可知，橡胶手套如今用途变多了，即远远超出了它们最初的用途。故选C。]
15．A　[根据后文“of inventing the ‘rubber gloves of love’”并结合前文讲述了橡胶手套是因为丈夫对妻子的爱而被发明的可知，应是想起这个发明背后的故事。故选A。]
Ⅳ.1.stretching　2.its　3.was rewarded　4.cheaper
5．largely　6.goes　7.and　8.To express　9.with　10.anⅠ.阅读单词——会意
1．vitamin　　 　　n．维生素
2．labour-saving adj.节省劳力的
3．microscope n．显微镜
4．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
5．orbit n．轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行
6．particle n．粒子，质点
7．premier adj.最好的；最重要的
8．subsequently adv.后来，随后
9．relativity n．相对性
10．mould n．霉，霉菌
11．penicillin n．青霉素，盘尼西林
12．navy n．海军
13．missile n．导弹，飞弹
14．physicist n．物理学家
15．tube n．圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管
16．circuit n．电路，线路；环形道路
17．coincidence n．运气；巧合
18．incubation n．孵化
19．PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n．博士学位
20．cosmology n．宇宙论，宇宙学
21．kettle n．水壶，壶
22．revolution n．彻底变革，革命
23．fibre n．(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
24．mechanical adj.机械的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．well-being n．健康，幸福，舒适
2．garbage n．垃圾
3．device n．设备，装置；修辞手段
4．launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事；推出(新产品)
5．split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)
6．outspoken adj.坦率的，直言不讳的
7．constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n．常量，恒量
8．finding n．研究的结果；发现
9．biologist n．生物学家
10．million num.百万
11．humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的；简陋的；地位低下的
12．outcome n．结果，后果
13．joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的 n．关节；公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)
14．emerge vi.出现，浮现
15．overcome vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
16．decline vi.减少，降低；衰退；谢绝，拒绝
17．grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
18．bonus n．意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
19．gravity n．重力，引力；严肃；严重性
20．steam n．水蒸气；蒸汽动力
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的→gift n．天赋，天才，才能；礼物
2．correspond vi.通信；相符合；相类似→correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系；相似→correspondent n．记者，通讯员
3．propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)；求婚→proposal n．提议；建议；求婚
4．clueless adj.一窍不通的，一无所知的→clue n．线索；提示
5．theoretical adj.理论的→theory n．理论；学说
6．boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮 n．沸腾→boiling adj.炎热的；炽热的→boiled adj.煮沸的，煮熟的
7．availability n．可能性→available adj.可利用的；可得到的；可买到的；有空的
8．mass n．团，堆；大量，大宗；(物理学)质量 adj.大量的，大规模的→massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的
9．sailor n．水手，海员→sail v．航行，起航→sailing n．帆船运动；航行
10．electric adj.用电的，带电的，电动的→electrical adj.电的，与电有关的→electronic adj.电子的→electricity n．电；电能
11．entertainment n．娱乐活动，娱乐节目→entertain v．使快乐；招待，款待→entertaining adj.有趣的→entertainer n．表演者，艺人
12．improvement n．改善，改进；改进之处→improve v．改善；提高
13．productive adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的→produce v．生产 n．农产品→product n．产品；产物→production n．生产；产量
14．donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐赠，捐献→donor n．捐赠者
15．evaluation n．评价，评估→evaluate v．评价，评估
16．explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→explosion n．爆炸；激增→explosive adj.(易)爆炸的；激增的
17．illustrate vt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→illustration n．说明，阐明；插图
18．regulate vt.控制，管理→regulation n．规则；规章；管理
19．preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n．腌菜，果酱；保护区→preservation n．维护；保存
20．scientific adj.科学(上)的→scientifically adv.科学(上)地→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
21．instant adj.立刻的，马上的；速食的，速溶的 n．瞬间，片刻→instantly adv.立即，马上
22．accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确→accurate adj.正确的，准确的→accurately adv.准确地
23．efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地→efficient adj.高效的→inefficient adj.效率低的→efficiency n．效率
24．specifically adv.特定地，专门地→specific adj.特别的；具体的；明确的
25．perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉→perception n．看法，认识；感觉，感知；洞察力
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀sub- ①表示“下、在……下面”，如subway(地铁)，即“在地面下的路”，通常指地下铁道系统，submarine(潜水艇)，“在海下面行驶的船”，用于在水下航行；②表示“次、亚、子、副”，如subcontinent(次大陆)，是指面积比洲小，在地理上有某种独立性的陆地，subeditor(副编辑)，协助主编进行编辑工作的人员；③表示“稍”“略”“近于”，如subsequently(随后)，是指近于时间顺序的。
2．词根merg/mers表示“沉浸，陷入”。如emerge＝e(出)＋merg(e)(沉浸)→从沉浸中出来→浮现；出现。
3．词根ceive的含义是“拿；接受；领会”。如perceive＝per(通过)＋ceive→察觉，觉察，conceive＝con (共同)＋ceive→构想，设想 receive＝re(回，再)＋ceive→接收，领会。
(1)By taking some measures，the bearing capacity of subsoil meets the requirement of design.________________(猜加黑词义)
(2)Header Designer exposes Heading and Subheading properties to the user.________________
(3)This is my favourite fruit with subacid flavour，so I strongly suggest that you should enjoy one.________________
(4)In the countryside，you can immerse yourself in the traditional way of life and understand this country better.________________
(5)A proposal to merge the two companies was voted through yesterday.________________
(6)If we use words that can deceive others，we tell a lie；and Ted’s lie was a bad one，for it sounded so like the truth.________________
1．incandescent/ Ink n'des nt/adj.白热的，白炽的
2．reservoir/'rez vwɑ /n.蓄水池，水库
3．compost/'k mp st/vt.将……制成堆肥
4．wealthy/'welθi/adj.富有的，有钱的，富裕的
5．poverty/'p v ti/n.贫穷，贫困
6．fertility/f 'tIl ti/n.生育能力，繁殖力；肥沃
7．mortality/m 't l ti/n.死亡；死亡率；死亡数
8．assault/ 's lt/n.侵犯人身(罪) vt.猛袭，攻击
9．gloom and doom无望，悲观失望
10．infant/'Inf nt/n.婴儿；幼儿
11．stabilize/'steIb laIz/vi.& vt.(使)稳固，(使)稳定
12．triple/'trIp l/vi.& vt.(使)成为三倍，增加两倍adj.三倍的；有三部分的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
2．have sth on one’s hands有某事要处理
3．not to mention...更不用说……
4．range from...to...范围从……到……
5．figure out算出；弄懂；弄清楚
6．single out 挑选；挑出
7．turn to sb向某人求助
8．in a joint effort在共同努力下
9．go out熄灭
10．be dedicated to 致力于；献身于
11．be expected to do sth被预期会做某事
12．be reduced to 减少到
13．reflect on 仔细考虑，反省
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your hands.(if 引导的虚拟条件句)
如果你必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容易的事。
2．...and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.(the way 作先行词的定语从句)
……我们的通信方式从写信变成了发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
3．...it used so much energy that when it was turned on，the lights in the local town went out！(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
……它消耗如此多的电量，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！
4．Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”，with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.(with＋宾语＋done)
不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。
5．This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own.[形容词(短语)作状语]
这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
6．In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.(argue that...认为……)
在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
7．As the water boiled，the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.(as引导的时间状语从句)
当水沸腾时，水蒸气使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
体验——析真题长句　知高考难度
(2023·新课标Ⅱ)Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
[句式分析]　此句是________________句。which引导________________，修饰先行词a usable language，该从句中又包含一个____________从句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词________________。
[尝试翻译]　
The world needs scientific innovations for our well-being.We need productive crops for the ever 1.____________(increase) population，electric labour-saving devices to work more efficiently and some new ways 2.____________________(deal) with garbage.Some people think that only 3.____________(gift) people can propose novel ideas.For example，Einstein put forward the Theory of Relativity,4.____________ shows even time，mass or length are not constant.Biologist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.Eckert,5.____________ engineer and Mauchly，a humble physicist，produced a machine to improve the 6.____________(accurate) of missiles in a joint effort.James Watt developed the mechanical steam engine.However，their achievements lay in the fact that they could perceive some otherwise ignored phenomena and they overcame various 7.____________(difficulty)．Subsequently grand outcomes and findings emerged.In spite of this，we common people can still dedicate ourselves 8.____________ the improvement of something，maybe causing a revolution.So the moment you want to find a good way to regulate traffic or to preserve food，just launch your project 9.____________(instant)．A bonus is 10.____________(specific) waiting for you.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
entertainment n．娱乐活动，娱乐节目 (entertain v．使快乐；招待，款待 entertaining adj.有趣的 entertainer n．表演者，艺人)
to one’s entertainment使某人高兴的是 entertain sb to sth用某物招待某人 entertain sb with sth用某物使某人快乐
(1)You have helped me overcome a mass of problems，so I will entertain you ____________ what you like eating most.Then，we will go to the cinema for ____________(entertain)．
(2)(读后续写之安慰)发现母亲在哭，小汤米努力用他能想到的方法来让她开心。他绘声绘色地给她讲有趣的故事。最后，让他高兴的是，他的母亲破涕为笑了。
Finding his mother weeping，little Tommy spared no effort to _________________________.He vividly told __________________________ to her.Finally，_____________________________，his mother smiled through tears.
gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的 (gift n．天赋，天才，才能；礼物)
be gifted/talented in在……方面有天赋 have a gift/talent for有……的天赋
(1)However ____________(gift) you are，you won’t succeed without constant effort and perseverance.
(2)她出生在一个医学世家，从小就有中医天赋。
Born in a medical family，___________________________________________________ ever since childhood.
(3)(应用文写作之通知)许多有天赋的学生和音乐教师将在音乐节期间进行表演。
__________________________________________________________________________________ during the music festival.
correspond vi.通信；相符合；相类似 (correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系；相似 correspondent n．记者，通讯员)
correspond with sb与某人通信 correspond to相当于……；类似于…… correspond with/to与……一致；符合 in correspondence with与……有通信联系；与……一致
(1)The editor welcomes ____________(correspond) from readers and amateurs on any subject.
(2)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。
Only when _______________________________________________________________ can you build better relationships with others.
(3)(应用文写作之结束语)如果你有任何问题，请尽早和我通信。
If you have any question，_____________________________________________________ at your earliest convenience.
preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n．腌菜，果酱；保护区 (preservation n．维护；保存)
preserve...from/against...保护……免于…… be well/strictly preserved被很好/严格地保存/保护
(1)The old building dating back to the Song Dynasty is still in good ____________(preserve)．
(2)现在是政府建立更多自然保护区以保护濒危物种免于灭绝的时候了。
It is high time that _________________________________________________________.
形容词(短语)作状语　This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own.
这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
此句中的completely separate from our own是形容词短语作状语，其具体用法如下： 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。 形容词(短语)作状语时常说明句子主语的状态。如果要修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
(1)使我们欣慰的是，走失的孩子10天后回到了家，虽然筋疲力尽但还健康。
To our relief，the missing child returned home ten days later，_____________________________.
(2)没有意识到潜在的危险，她步入森林深处，掉进了陷阱。
____________________________________________________________________________，she went further into the forest and fell into the trap.
(3)三周前，决心增强自己的力量和意志力，我报名参加了城市半程马拉松比赛。
_______________________________________________________________________，I signed up for the city half-marathon three weeks ago.
(4)出乎意料地，父亲并没有勃然大怒，反而和颜悦色地和我交谈。
_______________________________________________________________________，my father didn’t explode with anger and instead，he talked with me mildly.
as引导的状语从句　As the water boiled，the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.
当水沸腾时，水蒸气使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
as作连词，可引导以下状语从句： 作“在……期间，当……的时候，随着……”解，引导时间状语从句。 作“由于”解，引导原因状语从句，常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。 作“像……，按照……的方式”解，引导方式状语从句。 用于as...as或not so/as...as中，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。 表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，构成“n./v./adj./adv.＋as＋主语＋谓语/系动词”结构，单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。
(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
①As time goes by，more and more people have perceived that only by joint efforts can we preserve oceans from being polluted.________________
②You should treat others as you would like to be treated.________________
③Child as he is，he can propose some scientific improvement measures.________________
④ I boiled with anger，as my son didn’t behave well at table.________________
(2)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)随着公共汽车越来越靠近城镇，汤姆浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，Tom shook all over，feeling like being on pins and needles.
(3)尽管我们又累又饿，但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。
____________________________________________________________________，we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.
(4)我不像你一样了解这座城市，所以你能带我参观一下这座城市吗？
I ________________________________________________________________，so could you please show me around the city
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1．With the latest rocket launched①，the authorities launched② a campaign to launch③ the relevant advanced products.
①________________　②________________
③________________
2．The young boss’ ankle joints① got operated on，so his friends and relatives made joint② efforts to help him to manage his fast food joint③.
①________________　②________________
③________________
3．With economy declining① sharply，the number of tourists to the tourist attraction declined② by 10% last year.But the head of the tourist attraction declined③ to accept the government’s help and tried to solve the problem independently.
①________________　②________________
③________________
4．I often entertain① my best friend at my home，who always entertains② me with his stories and jokes.
①________________　②________________
5．I was quite hungry and the instant① I saw instant② noodles，I ate them instantly③.
①________________　②________________
③________________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．I really admire the manager because he is gifted _____________ resolving problems efficiently.
2．To my ____________(entertain)，the cat jumped up in panic when seeing the cucumber.
3．The general proposed that they ____________(cease) fire and negotiate a compromise.
4．____________ coincidence，my best friend and I ended up working at the same advertising firm.
5．Though overcome ____________ panic，the tailor picked up courage and came out to see what had happened.
6．Unfortunately，just ____________ I took out my camera，a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view.
7．The ban on plastic bags is to preserve the environment ____________ being polluted.
8．A few representatives from different companies donated necessary supplies ____________ the disaster area.
9．The old soldier has a good memory and can recall the violent battle with _________(accurate)．
10．The scientist is dedicated ____________ the research in spite of his advanced age.
假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华，应学校要求，你需要向来学校参观的外国学生介绍中国古代的四大发明，内容包括： 1.四大发明都有哪些； 2.其对中国和世界的影响； 3.你的感想。
完成句子
1．我很自豪也很高兴，站在这里向大家介绍中国的四大发明：造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。(形容词短语作状语；定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
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2．正如大家已经知道的，中国历史悠久，成就斐然，四大发明就在其中。(as引导定语从句；among which引导定语从句)
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3．四大发明意义重大，对世界发展产生了特别深远的影响。(so...that...倒装句)
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4．如果没有造纸术和印刷术，人类文明和文化就不会被如此完好地保存和传播。如果没有指南针，欧洲水手就不会在海上探险中实现深入的探索和突破。(if引导虚拟条件句)
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5．因此，人们普遍认为，四大发明不仅影响了中国，而且改变了整个世界。(argue；not only...but also...)
________________________________________________________________________
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6．作为一个中国人，我坚信我们有责任保护它们，以便它们在世界上发挥更重要的作用。(preserve)
________________________________________________________________________
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组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
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教材语料整合
亮词 [性格品质描写]　gifted；productive；outspoken；humble
[动作描写]　donate；launch；perceive；propose；overcome；decline；boil；explode；regulate；preserve
美 句 1.In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.(动作描写) 2．Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery.(情感描写) 3．Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”．(比喻) 4．Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.(主旨升华) 5．Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：笑
单词 smile微笑；laugh发笑；roar放声大笑；simper矫揉造作地笑；tease取笑；mock嘲笑；smirk 傻笑，自鸣得意地笑；giggle咯咯地笑，傻笑；sneer嘲笑
词块 a big/broad/wide/bright smile 灿烂的微笑　explode with laughter哄堂大笑　force/manage/squeeze a smile强颜欢笑　flash a bright smile露出灿烂的微笑　beam with smiles/pleasure 笑逐颜开　light (sth) up喜形于色，喜气洋洋　crack a smile展颜微笑，莞尔一笑　burst into laughter/burst out laughing突然大笑起来　grin/smile from ear to ear笑得合不拢嘴　laugh heartily放声大笑，开怀大笑　scream with laughter捧腹大笑　smile bitterly苦笑　split into a smile绽放微笑　wear a broad smile面带微笑
句型 He said thanks and smiled with a row of perfect teeth.他说了声谢谢，笑了，露出一排完美的牙齿。 The smile faded from his lips，his face turned pale，and his hands trembled.他嘴角的笑容消失了，脸色变得苍白，双手颤抖。 With a broad/wide/bright smile on her lips,15-year-old Jenny rushed to her mom’s room to show off her new painting.(with复合结构)15岁的珍妮嘴角挂着灿烂的微笑，冲到妈妈的房间炫耀她的新画。 Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting，a broad smile spreading across/crossing her face.(独立主格)她母亲看到这幅美丽的画非常激动，脸上绽开了灿烂的笑容。 Happily，when she pictured herself becoming a painter，her face lit up and lips curved in a smile. 当她快乐地想象自己成为一名画家时，她的脸亮了起来，嘴角绽开了笑容。 Grinning from ear to ear，she hurried to her bedroom with great expectations.(现在分词短语作状语)她笑得合不拢嘴，满怀期待地匆匆回到卧室。 After years of painstaking research，they were rewarded with a great breakthrough，the smile on their faces shining like a diamond.(独立主格)经过多年潜心研究，他们取得了巨大的突破，他们脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。 She didn’t say a word，but smiled a watery smile and held my hand tightly.她一句话也没说，只是含泪笑了笑，紧紧地握住我的手。
语料运用　主题：科学发明
Edith was a gifted girl who was keen on science and invention.She ①___________________ which could improve the well-being of the elderly.②______________________________(形容词短语作状语)，she showed her device in class，but ③_______________________ because she failed.However，instead of being discouraged，she ④__________________________and firmly announced she would make it sooner or later.⑤________________________________(分词短语作状语)，she finally improved her invention and succeeded，⑥______________________(定语从句)．⑦_____________________________________________(with复合结构)，the 15-year-old gifted girl submitted her work to the national science club，⑧___________________________(形容词短语作状语)．Hearing the good news，all people around her were happy for her.Her efforts finally paid off.
伊迪丝是一个天赋异禀的女孩，她热衷于科学和发明。她几乎把所有的时间都用于发明一种能改善老年人的健康的精致装置。既兴奋又非常激动，她在课堂上展示了自己的设备，但由于失败，引来了哄堂大笑。然而，她并没有气馁，而是勉强挤出一丝微笑，坚定地宣布她迟早会成功的。她拒绝了许多娱乐活动，克服了许多困难，终于改进了自己的发明并取得了成功，这使她笑逐颜开。这位15岁的天才女孩嘴角挂着灿烂的笑容，向国家科学俱乐部提交了她的作品，决心申请专利。听到这个好消息，周围的人都为她高兴。她的努力终于得到了回报。
答案精析
排查·基础知识
积累
(1)下层土　(2)副标题　(3)略酸的　(4)使沉浸(于)　(5)(使)合并，(使)融合　(6)欺骗
体验
主从复合　非限制性定语从句　定语　activities　为每种自然体验命名创造出了一种可用的语言，它帮助人们意识到并参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。　
词汇串记
1．increasing　2.to deal　3.gifted　4.which　5.an　6.accuracy
7．difficulties　8.to　9.instantly　10.specifically
突破·核心考点
1．(1)to；entertainment　(2)entertain her with whatever he could think of；entertaining stories；to his entertainment
2．(1)gifted　(2)she has had a gift for/been gifted in Chinese medicine　(3)Many gifted students and music teachers will put on performances
3．(1)correspondence　(2)what you do corresponds with/is in correspondence with what you say　(3)please correspond with me
4．(1)preservation　(2)the government set/should set up more nature preserves to preserve the endangered species from/against extinction/dying out
5．(1)exhausted but healthy　(2)Not aware/Unaware of the potential danger　(3)Determined to build up my strength and strengthen my willpower　(4)Unexpectedly
6．(1)①随着　②按照……的方式　③尽管　④因为　(2)As the bus got closer and closer to the town　(3)Exhausted and hungry as we were　(4)don’t know the city as well as you do
基础达标
Ⅰ.1.①vt.发射　②vt.发起　③vt.推出(新产品)
2．①n.关节　②adj.联合的，共同的　③n.公共场所
3．①vi.衰退　②vi.减少，降低　③vi.谢绝，拒绝
4．①v.招待，款待　②v.使快乐
5．①n.瞬间，片刻　②adj.速食的　③adv.立即，马上
Ⅱ.1.in　2.entertainment　3.(should) cease　4.By　5.by/with　6.as　7.from　8.to　9.accuracy　10.to
提升·写作能力　应用文增分练
参考范文
Proud and delighted，I am standing here to introduce the Four Great Inventions of China to you，which include paper-making，printing，gunpowder，and the compass.
As you have known，China has a long history with numerous remarkable achievements，among which are the Four Great Inventions.So significant are the Four Great Inventions that they have had an especially profound influence on global development.If there hadn’t been paper-making and printing，human civilization and culture would not have been so well preserved and spread.If there hadn’t been the compass，European sailors wouldn’t have explored further and made breakthroughs in the sea exploration.
So it is widely argued that the Four Great Inventions not only impacted China but also transformed the whole world.As a Chinese，I firmly believe that it is our duty to preserve them so that they can play a more important role in the world.
续写积累提能练
①donated almost all her time to inventing a delicate device
②Excited and thrilled　③it brought a roar of laughter　④forced a faint smile 　⑤Having declined many entertainments and overcome numerous difficulties　⑥which made her beam with pleasure　⑦With a broad/wide/bright smile on her lips　⑧determined to apply for a patent(共106张PPT)
INNOVATION
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 12
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.维生素
adj.节省劳力的
n.显微镜
n.人造卫星；卫星
n.轨道
vi.& vt.沿轨道运行
1
vitamin
2
labour-saving
3
microscope
4
satellite
知识速记
5
orbit
音频见PPT“图书打包下载”
n.粒子，质点
adj.最好的；最重要的
adv.后来，随后
n.相对性
n.霉，霉菌
n.青霉素，盘尼西林
n.海军
6
particle
7
premier
8
subsequently
9
relativity
10
mould
11
penicillin
12
navy
n.导弹，飞弹
n.物理学家
n.圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管
n.电路，线路；环形道路
n.运气；巧合
n.孵化
n.博士学位
13
missile
14
physicist
15
tube
16
circuit
17
coincidence
18
incubation
19
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)
n.宇宙论，宇宙学
n.水壶，壶
n.彻底变革，革命
n.(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
adj.机械的
20
cosmology
21
kettle
22
revolution
23
fibre
24
mechanical
n.健康，幸福，舒适
n.垃圾
n.设备，装置；修辞手段
vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事 ；推出(新产品)
vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)
adj.坦率的，直言不讳的
1
well-being
2
garbage
3
device
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
launch
5
split
6
outspoken
adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的
n.常量，恒量
n.研究的结果；发现
n.生物学家
num.百万
adj.谦虚的，谦卑的；简陋的；地位低下的
n.结果，后果
8
finding
9
biologist
10
million
7
constant
11
humble
12
outcome
adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
n.关节；公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)
vi.出现，浮现
vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情) ；征服，战胜
vi.减少，降低；衰退 ；谢绝，拒绝
adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
16
decline
13
joint
14
emerge
15
overcome
17
grand
n.意外收获，额外的好处 ；奖金；红利
n.重力，引力；严肃 ；严重性
n.水蒸气；蒸汽动力
18
bonus
19
gravity
20
steam
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的
→gift n.天赋，天才，才能 ；礼物
2
correspond vi.通信；相符合 ；相类似
→correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系；相似
→correspondent n.记者，通讯员
3
propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)；求婚
→proposal n.提议；建议；求婚
4
clueless adj.一窍不通的，一无所知的
→clue n.线索；提示
5
theoretical adj.理论的
→theory n.理论；学说
6
boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮 n.沸腾
→boiling adj.炎热的；炽热的
→boiled adj.煮沸的，煮熟的
7
availability n.可能性
→available adj.可利用的；可得到的；可买到的 ；有空的
8
mass n.团，堆；大量，大宗 ；(物理学)质量 adj.大量的，
大规模的
→massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的
9
sailor n.水手，海员
→sail v.航行，起航
→sailing n.帆船运动；航行
10
electric adj.用电的，带电的，电动的
→electrical adj.电的，与电有关的
→electronic adj.电子的
→electricity n.电；电能
11
entertainment n.娱乐活动，娱乐节目
→entertain v.使快乐；招待，款待
→entertaining adj.有趣的
→entertainer n.表演者，艺人
12
improvement n.改善，改进；改进之处
→improve v.改善；提高
13
productive adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的
→produce v.生产 n.农产品
→product n.产品；产物
→production n.生产；产量
14
donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献
→donation n.捐赠，捐献
→donor n.捐赠者
15
evaluation n.评价，评估
→evaluate v.评价，评估
16
explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长
→explosion n.爆炸；激增
→explosive adj.(易)爆炸的；激增的
17
illustrate vt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图
→illustration n.说明，阐明；插图
18
regulate vt.控制，管理
→regulation n.规则；规章；管理
19
preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n.腌菜，果酱；保护区
→preservation n.维护；保存
20
scientific adj.科学(上)的
→scientifically adv.科学(上)地
→science n.科学
→scientist n.科学家
21
instant adj.立刻的，马上的；速食的，速溶的 n.瞬间，片刻
→instantly adv.立即，马上
22
accuracy n.准确性；精准度；正确，准确
→accurate adj.正确的，准确的
→accurately adv.准确地
23
efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地
→efficient adj.高效的
→inefficient adj.效率低的
→efficiency n.效率
24
specifically adv.特定地，专门地
→specific adj.特别的；具体的；明确的
25
perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉
→perception n.看法，认识；感觉，感知；洞察力
1.前缀sub- ①表示“下、在……下面”，如subway(地铁)，即“在地面下的路”，通常指地下铁道系统，submarine(潜水艇)，“在海下面行驶的船”，用于在水下航行；②表示“次、亚、子、副”，如subcontinent(次大陆)，是指面积比洲小，在地理上有某种独立性的陆地，subeditor(副编辑)，协助主编进行编辑工作的人员；③表示“稍”“略”“近于”，如subsequently(随后)，是指近于时间顺序的。
2.词根merg/mers表示“沉浸，陷入”。如emerge＝e(出)＋merg(e)(沉浸)→从沉浸中出来→浮现；出现。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
3.词根ceive的含义是“拿；接受；领会”。如perceive＝per(通过)＋ceive→察觉，觉察，conceive＝con (共同)＋ceive→构想，设想 receive＝re(回，再)＋ceive→接收，领会。
(1)By taking some measures，the bearing capacity of subsoil meets the requirement of design. (猜加颜色词义)
(2)Header Designer exposes Heading and Subheading properties to the user. ______
(3)This is my favourite fruit with subacid flavour，so I strongly suggest that you should enjoy one. ______
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
下层土
副标题
略酸的
(4)In the countryside，you can immerse yourself in the traditional way of life and understand this country better. _________
(5)A proposal to merge the two companies was voted through yesterday.
__________________
(6)If we use words that can deceive others，we tell a lie；and Ted’s lie was a bad one，for it sounded so like the truth. ____
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
使沉浸(于)
(使)合并，(使)融合
欺骗
incandescent/ Ink n'des nt/ adj.白热的，白炽的
reservoir/'rez vwɑ / n.蓄水池，水库
compost/'k mp st/ vt.将……制成堆肥
wealthy/'welθi/ adj.富有的，有钱的，富裕的
poverty/'p v ti/ n.贫穷，贫困
1
2
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
3
4
5
fertility/f 'tIl ti/ n.生育能力，繁殖力；肥沃
mortality/m 't l ti/ n.死亡；死亡率；死亡数
assault/ 's lt/ n.侵犯人身(罪) vt.猛袭，攻击
gloom and doom 无望，悲观失望
infant/'Inf nt/ n.婴儿；幼儿
6
8
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
7
9
10
stabilize/'steIb laIz/ vi.& vt.(使)稳固，(使)稳定
triple/'trIp l/ vi.& vt.(使)成为三倍，增加两倍
adj.三倍的；有三部分的
11
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
12
1
2
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
have sth on one’s hands 有某事要处理
not to mention... 更不用说……
range from...to... 范围从……到……
figure out 算出；弄懂；弄清楚
single out 挑选；挑出
turn to sb 向某人求助
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
10
in a joint effort 在共同努力下
go out 熄灭
be dedicated to 致力于；献身于
be expected to do sth 被预期会做某事
be reduced to 减少到
reflect on 仔细考虑，反省
11
12
9
8
13
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your hands.(if 引导的虚拟条件句)
如果你必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容易的事。
2
...and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.(the way 作先行词的定语从句)
……我们的通信方式从写信变成了发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
3
...it used so much energy that when it was turned on，the lights in the local town went out！(so...that...引导结果状语从句)
……它消耗如此多的电量，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！
4
Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”，with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.(with＋宾语＋done)
不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。
5
This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own.[形容词(短语)作状语]
这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.(argue that...认为……)
在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
6
7
As the water boiled，the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.(as引导的时间状语从句)
当水沸腾时，水蒸气使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
(2023·新课标Ⅱ)Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
[句式分析]　此句是 句。which引导 ，修饰先行词a usable language，该从句中又包含一个 从句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词 。
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
为每种自然体验命名创造出了一种可用的语言，它帮助人们意识到并参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。
主从复合
非限制性定语从句
定语
activities
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.vitamin n._______
2.microscope n._______
3.labour-saving adj.___________
4.satellite n._______________
5.premier adj._________________
6.subsequently adv.___________
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 词汇默写
维生素
显微镜
节省劳力的
人造卫星；卫星
最好的；最重要的
后来，随后
7.relativity n.________
8.orbit n._____
vi.& vt.____________
9.particle n.___________
10.mould n._________
11.penicillin n._________________
12.navy n._____
相对性
轨道
沿轨道运行
粒子，质点
霉，霉菌
青霉素，盘尼西林
海军
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. n.健康，幸福，舒适
2. n.垃圾
3. n.设备，装置；修辞手段
4. n.研究的结果；发现
5. vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事；推出(新产品)
6. vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)
7. adj.坦率的，直言不讳的
well-being
garbage
device
finding
launch
split
outspoken
8. adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的
n.常量，恒量
9. n.生物学家
10. num.百万
constant
biologist
million
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. vi.通信；相符合；相类似
→ n.来往信件；通信联系；相似
→ n.记者，通讯员
2. adj.一窍不通的，一无所知的
→ n.线索；提示
3. adj.理论的
→ n.理论；学说
correspond
correspondence
correspondent
clueless
clue
theoretical
theory
4. n.可能性
→ adj.可利用的；可得到的；可买到的；有空的
5. n.团，堆；大量，大宗；(物理学)质量
adj.大量的，大规模的
→ adj.巨大的；非常严重的
6. adj.用电的，带电的，电动的
→ adj.电的，与电有关的
→ adj.电子的
→ n.电；电能
availability
available
mass
massive
electric
electrical
electronic
electricity
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.reservoir n._____________
2.fertility n._______________________
3.assault n._____________
vt.___________
4.stabilize vi.& vt.__________________
5. adj.富有的，有钱的，富裕的
蓄水池，水库
生育能力，繁殖力；肥沃
侵犯人身(罪)
猛袭，攻击
(使)稳固，(使)稳定
wealthy
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
2. 有某事要处理
3. 更不用说
4. 范围从……到……
5. 算出；弄懂；弄清楚
6. 挑选；挑出
7. 向某人求助
in spite of
have sth on one’s hands
not to mention
range from...to...
figure out
single out
turn to sb
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The children in the mountain village have no ，so their teachers often tell stories with the objective of
them after class.(entertain)
2.Brian has a gift music and he firmly believes that he can be a
(gift) musician like Beethoven.
3.The rice they grow this year is and they hope that the
will be twice as much as that of last year.(product)
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 语境运用
默写
entertainment(s)
entertaining
entertaining
for
gifted
productive
production
4.I was with rage，but my husband let me drink some _______
water to cool my anger.(boil)
5.After months of learning，his English has a lot，and his parents are also pleased with the .(improve)
6.The representative proposed (abolish) the regulation but no one agreed to his (propose).
7.Though he likes very much，he doesn’t want to be a who
all the year round.(sail)
boiling
boiled
improved
improvement
abolishing
proposal
sailing
sailor
sails
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.在过去的几年里，我们支付商品的方式有了很大的变化。(the way 作先行词的定语从句) Dear Tom，
I am glad to receive your email and share what I know about mobile payment in China.In the past few years，the way 1.______________________________
has changed significantly.
(in which/that)we pay for our
goods
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.移动支付已经变得如此重要以至于它被广泛应用于各个领域，包括交通运输、产品购买和餐饮。(so...that...引导结果状语从句) Mobile payment 2._____________________________
，including transportation，product purchases，and dining.It offers great convenience and flexibility.The process is remarkably straightforward—all that is required is a quick scan of a QR code.
has become so important that it is
widely used across various sectors
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.我们可以想象，如果我们停止使用移动支付，我们的生活将会很不方便。(if 引导的虚拟条 件句) We can imagine that if we stopped using mobile payment,3. .With mobile payment，we no longer need to handle cash in most situations，and have no concerns about theft.However，with the speed of transactions，we might need to be more cautious and slower when spending money.
Yours，
Li Hua
we would live an inconvenient life
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.incubation n._____
2.PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n._________
3.cosmology n._______________
4.kettle n._________
5.revolution n._______________
6.fibre n.___________________________
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 词汇默写
孵化
博士学位
宇宙论，宇宙学
水壶，壶
彻底变革，革命
(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
7.mechanical adj._______
8.missile n.___________
9.physicist n._________
10.coincidence n.___________
11.circuit n._____________________
12.tube n.___________________________________
机械的
导弹，飞弹
物理学家
运气；巧合
电路，线路；环形道路
圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. adj.谦虚的，谦卑的；简陋的；地位低下的
2. n.结果，后果
3. adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
n.关节；公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐
场所)
4. vi.出现，浮现
5. vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
6. vi.减少，降低；衰退；谢绝，拒绝
humble
outcome
joint
emerge
overcome
decline
7. adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
8. n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
9. n.重力，引力；严肃；严重性
10. n.水蒸气；蒸汽动力
grand
bonus
gravity
steam
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. vt.察觉，注意到，发觉
→ n.看法，认识；感觉，感知；洞察力
2. n.评价，评估
→ v.评价，评估
3. adj.科学(上)的
→ adv.科学(上)地
→ n.科学
→ n.科学家
perceive
perception
evaluation
evaluate
scientific
scientifically
science
scientist
4. adj.立刻的，马上的；速食的，速溶的
n.瞬间，片刻
→ adv.立即，马上
5. adv.特定地，专门地
→ adj.特别的；具体的；明确的
6. vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献
→ n.捐赠，捐献
→ n.捐赠者
instant
instantly
specifically
specific
donate
donation
donor
7. vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长
→ n.爆炸；激增
→ adj.(易)爆炸的；激增的
explode
explosion
explosive
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.compost vt._______________
2.mortality n.______________________
3.infant n.___________
4.triple vi.& vt.______________________
adj.__________________
5. n.贫穷，贫困
将……制成堆肥
死亡；死亡率；死亡数
婴儿；幼儿
(使)成为三倍，增加两倍
三倍的；有三部分的
poverty
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 在共同努力下
2. 熄灭
3. 致力于；献身于
4. 被预期会做某事
5. 减少到
6. 仔细考虑，反省
in a joint effort
go out
be dedicated to
be expected to do sth
be reduced to
reflect on
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Have you ever donated anything the charity？Last week，our organization received a large of money and learning materials，but we didn’t know who was the generous .(donate)
2.While calculating the maths problem，you should pay more attention to the of the numbers，or you can’t figure it out
.(accurate)
3.Two bombs in the centre of the city and the ___________
caused seven deaths.(explode)
to
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 语境运用
默写
donation
donor
accuracy
accurately
exploded
explosion
4.The government has issued a set of with the aim of
the car rental market.(regulate)
5.Being an secretary，she can organize various jobs _________
and improve her .(efficient)
6.The teacher has the problem several times，but the pupils are still confused about his .(illustrate)
7.While pandas，we should also pay attention to the
of their habitats.(preserve)
regulations
regulating
efficient
efficiently
efficiency
illustrated
illustration
preserving
preservation
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.三场由知名学者主持的新兴技术论坛，让同学们享受了一场先进技术的盛宴。(with＋宾语＋done) A Successful Sci-tech Festival
The school’s yearly sci-tech festival was successfully held last week，aiming to encourage students’ active engagement with science and technology.
The festival，featuring “Innovation and Technology，Touching the Future”，attracted lots of students to participate in a variety of activities such as robotics competitions，science exhibitions，and coding contests.1._______________________
，all the students had a feast of advanced technology.
With three forums hosted
by distinguished scholars on emerging technologies
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.既激动又高兴，在场的人充分利用这个机会与专家互动，试图更深入地了解技术如何改变世界。[形容词(短语)作状语] 2. ，those present made the most of this opportunity to interact with the experts，trying to gain a deeper insight on how technology is changing the world.
Thrilled and delighted
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.总的来说，所有人都认为这个节日得到了校园内外的热烈响应。(argue that...) Overall，all of the people 3.______________
_____________________________________________________________________.It served as a platform for young minds not only to showcase their creativity and ingenuity，but also to explore how they might reshape the future by means of science.
argued that the
festival received an enthusiastic response from inside and outside the campus
The world needs scientific innovations for our well-being.We need productive crops for the ever 1. (increase) population，electric labour-saving devices to work more efficiently and some new ways 2.____
(deal) with garbage.Some people think that only 3. (gift) people can propose novel ideas.For example，Einstein put forward the Theory of Relativity,4. shows even time，mass or length are not constant.Biologist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.Eckert,5.____
engineer and Mauchly，a humble physicist，produced a machine to improve the 6. (accurate) of missiles in a joint effort.
increasing
词汇串记
to
deal
gifted
which
an
accuracy
James Watt developed the mechanical steam engine.However，their achievements lay in the fact that they could perceive some otherwise ignored phenomena and they overcame various 7. (difficulty).
Subsequently grand outcomes and findings emerged.In spite of this，we common people can still dedicate ourselves 8. the improvement of something，maybe causing a revolution.So the moment you want to find a good way to regulate traffic or to preserve food，just launch your project 9. (instant).A bonus is 10. (specific) waiting for you.
difficulties
to
instantly
返 回
specifically
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
n.娱乐活动，娱乐节目 (entertain v.使快乐；招待，款待 entertaining adj.有趣的 entertainer n.表演者，艺人)
entertainment
·to one’s entertainment使某人高兴的是
·entertain sb to sth用某物招待某人
entertain sb with sth用某物使某人快乐
1
(1)You have helped me overcome a mass of problems，so I will entertain you what you like eating most.Then，we will go to the cinema for
(entertain).
to
entertainment
(2)(读后续写之安慰)发现母亲在哭，小汤米努力用他能想到的方法来让她开心。他绘声绘色地给她讲有趣的故事。最后，让他高兴的是，他的母亲破涕为笑了。
Finding his mother weeping，little Tommy spared no effort to ________
.He vividly told _______________
to her.Finally， ，his mother smiled through tears.
entertain
her with whatever he could think of
entertaining
stories
to his entertainment
gifted
·be gifted/talented in在……方面有天赋
·have a gift/talent for有……的天赋
2
adj.有天赋的，有才华的 (gift n.天赋，天才，才能；礼物)
(1)However (gift) you are，you won’t succeed without constant effort and perseverance.
gifted
(2)她出生在一个医学世家，从小就有中医天赋。
Born in a medical family，_______________________________________
ever since childhood.
(3)(应用文写作之通知)许多有天赋的学生和音乐教师将在音乐节期间进行表演。
______________________________________________________________
during the music festival.
she has had a gift for/been gifted in Chinese
medicine
Many gifted students and music teachers will put on performances
correspond
·correspond with sb与某人通信
correspond to相当于……；类似于……
correspond with/to与……一致；符合
·in correspondence with与……有通信联系；与……一致
vi.通信；相符合；相类似 (correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系；相似 correspondent n.记者，通讯员)
3
(1)The editor welcomes (correspond) from readers and amateurs on any subject.
correspondence
(2)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。
Only when ____________________________________________________
can you build better relationships with others.
(3)(应用文写作之结束语)如果你有任何问题，请尽早和我通信。
If you have any question， at your earliest convenience.
what you do corresponds with/is in correspondence with
what you say
please correspond with me
preserve
preserve...from/against...保护……免于……
be well/strictly preserved被很好/严格地保存/保护
vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n.腌菜，果酱；保护区 (preservation n.维护；保存)
4
(1)The old building dating back to the Song Dynasty is still in good
(preserve).
preservation
(2)现在是政府建立更多自然保护区以保护濒危物种免于灭绝的时候了。
It is high time that _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
the government set/should set up more nature
preserves to preserve the endangered species from/against extinction/
dying out
形容词(短语)作状语
此句中的completely separate from our own是形容词短语作状语，其具体用法如下：
·形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，
常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
·形容词(短语)作状语时常说明句子主语的状态。如果要修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句
子，则应用副词作状语。
This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own.这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
5
(1)使我们欣慰的是，走失的孩子10天后回到了家，虽然筋疲力尽但还健康。
To our relief，the missing child returned home ten days later，
.
(2)没有意识到潜在的危险，她步入森林深处，掉进了陷阱。
，she went further into the forest and fell into the trap.
exhausted but healthy
Not aware/Unaware of the potential danger
(3)三周前，决心增强自己的力量和意志力，我报名参加了城市半程马拉松比赛。
，I signed up for the city half-marathon three weeks ago.
(4)出乎意料地，父亲并没有勃然大怒，反而和颜悦色地和我交谈。
，my father didn’t explode with anger and instead，he talked with me mildly.
Determined to build up my strength and strengthen my willpower
Unexpectedly
as引导的状语从句
As the water boiled，the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.当水沸腾时，水蒸气使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
6
as作连词，可引导以下状语从句：
·作“在……期间，当……的时候，随着……”解，引导时间状语从句。
·作“由于”解，引导原因状语从句，常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或
理由。
·作“像……，按照……的方式”解，引导方式状语从句。
·用于as...as或not so/as...as中，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语
从句。
·表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，构成“n./v./adj./adv.＋as
＋主语＋谓语/系动词”结构，单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。
(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
①As time goes by，more and more people have perceived that only by joint efforts can we preserve oceans from being polluted. ____
② You should treat others as you would like to be treated.
____________________
③ Child as he is，he can propose some scientific improvement measures.
______
④ I boiled with anger，as my son didn’t behave well at table. _____
随着
按照……的方式
尽管
因为
(2)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)随着公共汽车越来越靠近城镇，汤姆浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。
，Tom shook all over，feeling like being on pins and needles.
(3)尽管我们又累又饿，但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。
，we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.
As the bus got closer and closer to the town
Exhausted and hungry as we were
(4)我不像你一样了解这座城市，所以你能带我参观一下这座城市吗？
I ，so could you please show me around the city
don’t know the city as well as you do
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1.With the latest rocket launched①，the authorities launched② a campaign to launch③ the relevant advanced products.
① 　② 　③_________________
2.The young boss’ ankle joints① got operated on，so his friends and relatives made joint② efforts to help him to manage his fast food joint③.
① 　② 　③___________
vt.发射
vt.发起
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
vt.推出(新产品)
n.关节
adj.联合的，共同的
n.公共场所
3.With economy declining① sharply，the number of tourists to the tourist attraction declined② by 10% last year.But the head of the tourist attraction declined③ to accept the government’s help and tried to solve the problem independently.
① 　② 　③______________
4.I often entertain① my best friend at my home，who always entertains② me with his stories and jokes.
① 　②_________
vi.衰退
vi.减少，降低
vi.谢绝，拒绝
v.招待，款待
v.使快乐
5.I was quite hungry and the instant① I saw instant② noodles，I ate them instantly③.
① 　② 　③_______________
n.瞬间，片刻
adj.速食的
adv.立即，马上
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.I really admire the manager because he is gifted resolving problems efficiently.
2.To my (entertain)，the cat jumped up in panic when seeing the cucumber.
3.The general proposed that they (cease) fire and negotiate a compromise.
4. coincidence，my best friend and I ended up working at the same advertising firm.
in
entertainment
(should) cease
By
5.Though overcome panic，the tailor picked up courage and came out to see what had happened.
6.Unfortunately，just I took out my camera，a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view.
7.The ban on plastic bags is to preserve the environment being polluted.
8.A few representatives from different companies donated necessary supplies the disaster area.
by/with
as
from
to
9.The old soldier has a good memory and can recall the violent battle with
(accurate).
10.The scientist is dedicated the research in spite of his advanced age.
accuracy
to
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Part Three
应用文增分练
中国四大发明
假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华，应学校要求，你需要向来学校参观的外国学生介绍中国古代的四大发明，内容包括：
1.四大发明都有哪些；
2.其对中国和世界的影响；
3.你的感想。
1.我很自豪也很高兴，站在这里向大家介绍中国的四大发明：造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。(形容词短语作状语；定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________
2.正如大家已经知道的，中国历史悠久，成就斐然，四大发明就在其中。(as引导定语从句；among which引导定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.四大发明意义重大，对世界发展产生了特别深远的影响。(so...that...倒装句)
______________________________________________________________ 4.如果没有造纸术和印刷术，人类文明和文化就不会被如此完好地保存和传播。如果没有指南针，欧洲水手就不会在海上探险中实现深入的探索和突破。(if引导虚拟条件句)
______________________________________________________________
5.因此，人们普遍认为，四大发明不仅影响了中国，而且改变了整个世界。(argue；not only...but also...)
______________________________________________________________
6.作为一个中国人，我坚信我们有责任保护它们，以便它们在世界上发挥更重要的作用。(preserve)
______________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Proud and delighted，I am standing here to introduce the Four Great Inventions of China to you，which include paper-making，printing，gunpowder，and the compass.
As you have known，China has a long history with numerous remarkable achievements，among which are the Four Great Inventions.So significant are the Four Great Inventions that they have had an especially profound influence on global development.If there hadn’t been paper-making and printing，human civilization and culture would not have been so well preserved and spread.If there hadn’t been the compass，European sailors wouldn’t have explored further and made breakthroughs in the sea exploration.
应用文增分练
参考范文
So it is widely argued that the Four Great Inventions not only impacted China but also transformed the whole world.As a Chinese，I firmly believe that it is our duty to preserve them so that they can play a more important role in the world.
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
亮词 [性格品质描写]　gifted；productive；outspoken；humble
[动作描写]　donate；launch；perceive；propose；overcome；decline；boil；explode；regulate；preserve
美 句 1.In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.(动作描写)
2.Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery.(情感描写)
3.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”.(比喻)
美 句 4.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.(主旨升华)
5.Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.(主旨升华)
动作细节描写：笑
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
单 词 smile微笑；laugh发笑；roar放声大笑；simper矫揉造作地笑；tease取笑；mock嘲笑；smirk 傻笑，自鸣得意地笑；giggle咯咯地笑，傻笑；sneer嘲笑
词 块 a big/broad/wide/bright smile 灿烂的微笑　explode with laughter哄堂大笑　force/manage/squeeze a smile强颜欢笑　flash a bright smile露出灿烂的微笑　beam with smiles/pleasure 笑逐颜开　light (sth) up喜形于色，喜气洋洋　crack a smile展颜微笑，莞尔一笑　burst into laughter/burst out laughing突然大笑起来　grin/smile from ear to ear笑得合不拢嘴　laugh heartily放声大笑，开怀大笑　scream with laughter捧腹大笑　smile bitterly苦笑　split into a smile绽放微笑　wear a broad smile面带微笑
句 型 He said thanks and smiled with a row of perfect teeth.他说了声谢谢，笑了，露出一排完美的牙齿。
The smile faded from his lips，his face turned pale，and his hands trembled.他嘴角的笑容消失了，脸色变得苍白，双手颤抖。
With a broad/wide/bright smile on her lips,15-year-old Jenny rushed to her mom’s room to show off her new painting.(with复合结构)15岁的珍妮嘴角挂着灿烂的微笑，冲到妈妈的房间炫耀她的新画。
句 型 Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting，a broad smile spreading across/crossing her face.(独立主格)她母亲看到这幅美丽的画非常激动，脸上绽开了灿烂的笑容。
Happily，when she pictured herself becoming a painter，her face lit up and lips curved in a smile.
当她快乐地想象自己成为一名画家时，她的脸亮了起来，嘴角绽开了笑容。
Grinning from ear to ear，she hurried to her bedroom with great expectations.(现在分词短语作状语)她笑得合不拢嘴，满怀期待地匆匆回到卧室。
句 型 After years of painstaking research，they were rewarded with a great breakthrough，the smile on their faces shining like a diamond.
(独立主格)经过多年潜心研究，他们取得了巨大的突破，他们脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
She didn’t say a word，but smiled a watery smile and held my hand tightly.她一句话也没说，只是含泪笑了笑，紧紧地握住我的手。
主题：科学发明
续写积累提能练
语料运用
Edith was a gifted girl who was keen on science and invention.She ①
which could improve the well-being of the elderly.② (形容词短语作状语)，she showed her device in class，but ③_________________
because she failed.
伊迪丝是一个天赋异禀的女孩，她热衷于科学和发明。她几乎把所有的时间都用于发明一种能改善老年人的健康的精致装置。既兴奋又非常激动，她在课堂上展示了自己的设备，但由于失败，引来了哄堂大笑。
donated almost all her time to inventing a delicate device
Excited and thrilled
it brought a roar of
laughter
However，instead of being discouraged，she ④ and firmly announced she would make it sooner or later.⑤________________
(分词短语作状语)，she finally improved her invention and succeeded，⑥________
(定语从句).
然而，她并没有气馁，而是勉强挤出一丝微笑，坚定地宣布她迟早会成功的。她拒绝了许多娱乐活动，克服了许多困难，终于改进了自己的发明并取得了成功，这使她笑逐颜开。
forced a faint smile
Having declined
many entertainments and overcome numerous difficulties
which
made her beam with pleasure
⑦ (with复合结构)，the 15-year-old gifted girl submitted her work to the national science club，⑧
(形容词短语作状语).Hearing the good news，all people around her were happy for her.Her efforts finally paid off.
这位15岁的天才女孩嘴角挂着灿烂的笑容，向国家科学俱乐部提交了她的作品，决心申请专利。听到这个好消息，周围的人都为她高兴。她的努力终于得到了回报。
With a broad/wide/bright smile on her lips
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determined to apply for a patent

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