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选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS(二)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·浙江金华三模)
Many actors have famously remarked that they have，time and again，lost themselves in their performances.Now，researchers at University College London (UCL) have found some truth to this ①statement.A new study suggests actors may suppress(抑制) their sense of self when they take on a new character，hinting at the massive impact theater training may have on fundamental mechanisms of the human brain.
“Our findings indicate that cooperating with the theater industry could be helpful in producing theories about social interaction that could also be investigated in the real world，” said Dwaynica Gteaves，lead author of the study.In particular，the researchers are hoping that future work in this space can focus on how participation in theatrical activities might help people with autism(自闭症)．
The actors in the study ②were fitted with brain imaging technology while they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream.When they heard their names while performing，their response was suppressed in the brain region associated with self-awareness.While they were not performing，the actors responded normally when called by name.The study also looked at interpersonal coordination between pairs of actors.The researchers noticed that two actors rehearsing together had similar brain activity in the regions of the brain associated with social interaction and action planning，revealing “specific brain systems that are coordinated during complex social interactions”．
In fact，drama therapy has been considered a beneficial practical strategy for improving social communication in children with developmental or learning disabilities.A preliminary(初步的) study found students with autism who underwent theater experiences showed significant positive changes in the development of social and language skills.
In the future，researchers at UCL aim to include both trained and untrained actors as subjects.The recent study，admittedly，lacked a control group of people without theater training and had a small sample size of only 6 actors.But the researchers remain hopeful of the possible future applications of their findings in aiding social communication，including in individuals with autism.
1．What effect may taking on a new character have on actors，as suggested by the study
A．They may forget their identities.
B．Their self-awareness may weaken.
C．They may lose themselves completely.
D．Their brain mechanisms may be damaged.
2．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By interacting with the actors.
B．By observing the actors’ behavior.
C．By surveying the actors’ responses.
D．By monitoring the actors’ brain activity.
3．What positive changes were seen in students with autism who engaged in theater experiences
A．Improved physical health.
B．Enhanced cognitive abilities.
C．Strengthened interpersonal skills.
D．Increased academic performance.
4．What can be inferred about the study
A．The researchers lacked expertise.
B．It can be used to train child actors.
C．It is a major breakthrough in medicine.
D．It is promising despite its limitations.
语境猜词 ①statement(派)＝state＋ment ②be fitted with
B
There’s a long line of research showing that when we make contact with people who’re socially different from us，we tend to feel less prejudice towards them.According to the contact theory，contact seems to work best for reducing prejudice when the contact is generally positive.But what happens when the conditions for interpersonal contact may not be ideal For example，what if you feel threatened in some way by a group of people you see as “the other”？
Researchers from Ghent University in Belgium analyzed the results of 34 studies ①surveying nearly 64,000 people from 19 countries to see how intergroup contact affected their viewpoints about “outgroups” under conflict situations.For example，people were asked to report on how they viewed other groups.The researchers also had data from the surveys that measured attitudes towards ②outgroup members，such as how positive people felt towards them and how much they could trust them.
After analyzing the data，the researchers found strong feelings of threat were associated with more negative views of outgroup members.But having contact with outgroup members still reduced prejudice just as much under those ③unfavorable conditions.To Jasper Van Assche，the lead author of the paper，this suggests contact theory holds even under conflict situations.
Van Assche says that contact is so powerful probably because just being around people from an outgroup affects how we think and feel about them.As we become accustomed to even the mere presence of people from other groups，that can reduce our anxiety，especially if the encounters are positive—and that can lead to warmer feelings.Also，contact can enhance our knowledge about others’ customs and practices，so that they don’t seem so ④foreign or “other” to us.
Van Assche hopes his research can lead people to see the benefits of integrating the spaces where they live.This could be done through top-down methods，such as the government requiring school integration，but also from the bottom up.For example，suggests Van Assche，communities could create low-cost，low-key events that bring people together，helping to promote tolerance.
5．Why are the questions raised in paragraph 1
A．To inspire readers’ imagination.
B．To argue against the contact theory.
C．To show the author’s curiosity.
D．To offer the purpose of the study.
6．Why can interpersonal contact reduce prejudice
A．It improves people’s adaptive capacity.
B．It increases people’s desire to socialize.
C．It promotes each other’s understanding.
D．It makes people emotionally stable.
7．What might be Van Assche’s advice according to the text
A．Expanding communities on the whole.
B．Increasing chances of positive contact.
C．Strengthening interactions between schools.
D．Offering equal education opportunities to diverse groups.
8．What can be the best title of the text
A．People Involved in Equal Contact Are Generally Positive
B．Opportunities for Intergroup Contact Are on the Rise
C．The Interventions Based on Contact Are Unhealthy
D．Interpersonal Contact Can Help People Connect
语境猜词 ①survey(转)n.→v. ②outgroup(合)＝out＋group ③unfavorable(派)＝un＋favor＋able ④foreign(熟义：adj.外国的) 生义(文义)：
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东淄博模拟预测)
The Power of Peers
Do birds of a feather really flock together People do tend to choose friends who are similar to them.Many behaviors spread socially.Activities in certain brain areas change when other people are around. 1 You can use the power of social relationships to gain healthier habits—and motivate others to do the same.
2 Teens are especially ①responsive to peer influence.At the same time，the reward system in the teen brain becomes extra sensitive.Teens are just learning to explore the social world.Understanding other people’s values and being influenced by them are important parts of socializing.
A piece of research shows that even just having another peer around can change the reward response in the brain and also the risk-taking tendencies of teenagers.Some people seem to be more easily influenced than others and more sensitive to feeling included or excluded by others. 3 But it’s also a time that peer influence can help teens thrive if it gets them more involved with their community or helps them learn behaviors to get along with others.
It’s the quality of friendships—not quantity—that really makes the difference.Friendships you feel you want to let go of may be low-quality. 4 High-quality friendships provide understanding，support，and recognition of your self-worth.These types of friendships are more steady and satisfying.
Spending time with friends can be especially helpful for people.Noticing that our behavior is influenced by other people，we can be ②intentional and try to focus on the people who are doing the things we want to get into ourselves. 5
A．Adolescence is such a risky period.
B．That can affect what you choose to do.
C．Peer pressure can sometimes lead to competition.
D．People care about what others think across all different age groups.
E．They are linked to poor academic performance and behavioral issues.
F．Sharing your healthy habits could also make a real difference to others.
G．The number of friends you have determines your level of social influence.
语境猜词 ①responsive(派)＝respon(d)＋sive ②intentional(派)＝intention＋al
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·安徽安庆二模)
My two-year-old daughter was playing with groceries in my shopping cart.A gentleman stood behind me with three 1 .He looked at his watch and me.While my daughter was 2 well，I knew she couldn’t stay there any longer.The man obviously was in a 3 ，and he’d be behind me a long time.I 4 to let him go first.“Thank you，” he replied 5 ，stepping ahead of me.His face lit up with 6 .
When the line moved forward，I started 7 my cart.As I hurriedly opened my purse，my heart 8 ：I forgot to bring my bank card.The gentleman had paid and was 9 his groceries.“Can I just put my 10 on the side and go home to take my card？” I asked the cashier in a 11 voice.The gentleman said，“I’ll pay for her order.” But I 12 ，having over $250 worth of groceries.“You can just send me a check，” he 13 .“That’s too much of a car trip for the little girl.”
I was always willing to help others.However，there was a new feeling I 14 when I got help from others.I was shocked that a complete stranger would 15 another with a loan of that amount.
1．A.toys B．bags
C．items D．dollars
2．A.behaving B．studying
C．eating D．resting
3．A.panic B．hurry
C．mess D．mood
4．A.failed B．offered
C．agreed D．promised
5．A.patiently B．constantly
C．appreciatively D．eventually
6．A.respect B．confidence
C．determination D．pleasure
7．A.unloading B．unfolding
C．unwrapping D．uncovering
8．A.ached B．broke
C．beat D．sank
9．A.picking up B．looking over
C．handing out D．giving away
10．A.purse B．card
C．daughter D．stuff
11．A.annoyed B．discouraged
C．confused D．astonished
12．A.hesitated B．panicked
C．regretted D．rejected
13．A.confirmed B．joked
C．smiled D．insisted
14．A.remembered B．feared
C．experienced D．shared
15．A.trust B．praise
C．thank D．reward
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖南永州模拟预测)
Dazhai，a village 1. (surround) by mountains on all sides in Guangxi’s Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups，which boasts around 66 square kilometers of terraced(梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years，2. (attract) tens of thousands of visitors every year.Its terraced fields follow 3. ①landform of the mountains，at heights ranging from 300 to 1,200 meters above sea level.So far，from swiftly flowing river valleys to ②mist-covered mountains，dense forests and steep cliffs，wherever there is water and soil，terraces 4. (dig)．
Those in Dazhai are important 5. (representative) of Longji terracing，a well-known type of terrace that can be found all over the county.The highest tier(层) has more than 1,100 levels,6. (wind) from the foot of the mountain to the top，creating a magnificent landscape 7. resembles a staircase to the clouds.The largest terrace is no more than an acre 8. size，while the smallest only accommodates a handful of rice seedlings(秧苗)．
Longji terraces are based on an environmental practice that focuses on harmony between humans and nature 9. the dynamic balance of forests and fields.They are not just beautiful landscapes but also carriers of Zhuang and Yao culture.
Longji terraces are an important model of ancient Chinese water 10. (manage) and agricultural civilization that has been passed down to the present day.Visitors can appreciate the way the Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups have farmed the terraces and how ancestral farming methods have been preserved.
语境猜词 ①landform(合)＝land＋form ②mist-covered(合)＝mist＋cover＋ed
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①n.声明，报告；说明；陈述　②配备有
B．①做调查　②n.外群体，外团体　③adj.不利的　④adj.陌生的；不熟悉的
Ⅱ.①adj.反应迅速的，积极反应的　②adj.故意的，蓄意的
Ⅳ.①n.地貌　②adj.被雾笼罩的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章以科学研究为基础，报道了伦敦大学学院(UCL)的一项关于演员在表演时大脑活动变化的研究，探讨了演员在扮演新角色时可能会抑制他们的自我意识，以及这种现象对人类社交互动和自闭症治疗的潜在影响。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study suggests actors may suppress(抑制) their sense of self when they take on a new character，hinting at the massive impact theater training may have on fundamental mechanisms of the human brain.”可知，新的研究表明，演员在扮演新角色时可能会抑制自我意识，他们的自我意识可能会减弱。故选B。]
2．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段“The actors in the study were fitted with brain imaging technology while they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream...revealing ‘specific brain systems that are coordinated during complex social interactions’．”可知，参与研究的演员在排练莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》时被配备了脑成像技术。这说明研究者通过监测演员的大脑活动来进行研究。故选D。]
3．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A preliminary(初步的) study found students with autism who underwent theater experiences showed significant positive changes in the development of social and language skills.”可知，参与戏剧体验的自闭症学生的人际交往能力得到加强。故选C。]
4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The recent study，admittedly，lacked a control group of people without theater training and had a small sample size of only 6 actors.But the researchers remain hopeful of the possible future applications of their findings in aiding social communication，including in individuals with autism.”可知，尽管研究存在局限性，但研究人员仍对他们的发现抱有希望，认为在未来可能应用于帮助社交，包括自闭症患者。故选D。]
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。研究发现与来自不同群体的人接触可以减少人与人之间的偏见，从而帮助人们建立联系。
5．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“According to the contact theory，contact seems to work best for reducing prejudice when the contact is generally positive.But what happens when the conditions for interpersonal contact may not be ideal For example，what if you feel threatened in some way by a group of people you see as ‘the other’？”并结合下文的研究发现可推断，第一段提问是为了给出研究的目的。故选D。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As we become accustomed to even the mere presence of people from other groups，that can reduce our anxiety，especially if the encounters are positive—and that can lead to warmer feelings.Also，contact can enhance our knowledge about others’ customs and practices，so that they don’t seem so foreign or ‘other’ to us.”可知，人际接触之所以能减少偏见是因为它可以增进人与人之间的了解。故选C。]
7．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For example，suggests Van Assche，communities could create low-cost，low-key events that bring people together，helping to promote tolerance.”可知，Van Assche建议增加不同群体之间积极接触的机会。故选B。]
8．D　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“There’s a long line of research showing that when we make contact with people who’re socially different from us，we tend to feel less prejudice towards them.”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了研究发现与来自不同群体的人接触可以减少人与人之间的偏见，从而帮助人们建立联系。故选D。]
Ⅱ.1.B　2.D　3.A　4.E　5.F
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和女儿在商店购物的时候发现自己忘了带银行卡，没办法结账，这时前面的一位先生主动提出帮作者结账，让作者感到被陌生人信任的感觉。
1．C　[toy玩具；bag包；item商品；dollar美元。根据上文“playing with groceries in my shopping cart”可知，作者是在购物，所以此处指一位先生拿着三件商品排在作者身后，故选C。]
2．A　[behave表现，举止；study学习；eat吃；rest休息。根据上文“My two-year-old daughter was playing with groceries in my shopping cart.”可知，此处指女儿在作者身边表现很好，故选A。]
3．B　[panic恐慌；hurry匆忙；mess肮脏；mood情绪。根据上文“He looked at his watch and me.”可知，这位先生赶时间，短语be in a hurry意为“匆忙”。故选B。]
4．B　[fail失败；offer主动提出；agree同意；promise承诺。根据下文“he replied”可知，作者是主动提出让赶时间的这位先生先走。故选B。]
5．C　[patiently耐心地；constantly持续地；appreciatively感激地；eventually最后。根据上文“Thank you”可知，这位先生很感激作者的行为。故选C。]
6．D　[respect尊重；confidence自信；determination决心；pleasure快乐。根据上文可知这位先生赶时间，而作者主动让他先走，所以他应是因高兴而脸色变好。故选D。]
7．A　[unload卸，取下；unfold展开；unwrap解开；uncover揭露。根据上文“playing with groceries in my shopping cart”可知，此处指从购物车里把杂货卸下来结账。故选A。]
8．D　[ache疼痛；break打破；beat打败；sink下沉。根据下文“I forgot to bring my bank card”可知，作者发现忘了带银行卡而心一沉。故选D。]
9．A　[pick up收拾；look over检查；hand out分发；give away赠送。根据上文“The gentleman had paid”可知，前面的先生已经结完账，正在收拾自己买的东西。故选A。]
10．D　[purse钱包；card卡片；daughter女儿；stuff东西。根据上文可知作者在商店里购物，结果忘了带银行卡，所以此处作者提出把要买的东西先放到一边然后去取银行卡。故选D。]
11．B　[annoyed生气的；discouraged沮丧的；confused困惑的；astonished惊讶的。根据上文“I forgot to bring my bank card”可知，作者忘了带银行卡无法结账，所以沮丧。故选B。]
12．D　[hesitate犹豫；panic使恐慌；regret后悔；reject拒绝。根据下文“having over $250 worth of groceries”可知，作者要买的东西很多，所以拒绝了这位先生的提议。故选D。]
13．C　[confirm确认；joke 开玩笑；smile微笑；insist坚持。根据上文“You can just send me a check.(你可以寄支票给我)”可知，这位先生微笑着提出解决办法。故选C。]
14．C　[remember记得；fear恐惧；experience经历；share分享。根据上文“there was a new feeling I”可知，作者体验到了一种新的感觉。故选C。]
15．A　[trust信任；praise赞美；thank感谢；reward奖励。根据下文“another with a loan of that amount”可知，这位先生借给作者250美元是一种信任。故选A。]
Ⅳ.1.surrounded　2.attracts　3.the　4.have been dug
5．representatives　6.winding　7.which/that　8.in　9.and
10．management选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS(一)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·广东一模)
We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years.Standing on the shoulders of great men，we don’t have to experience endless ① trial and error，just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car.But where does our ability to learn from others come from
A study led by Markus Paulus，professor at Loyola Marymount University，shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood.“It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate(模仿) is inborn，but according to our observation，children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers.This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge，which，through generations’ efforts，consequently leads to the development of human beings，” says Markus Paulus.
In this research，Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months.The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of 6 months，while their final visit was when they were 18 months old.As they engaged in various play situations，the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed.The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby，the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of 18 months.
Paulus’ research shows that mutual(相互的) imitation is the ②keystone of knowledge transfer，through which children successfully learn various skills，such as how to use objects，waving and ③acquisition of language.“This interaction is the nucleus of learning and，finally，gives rise to evolutionary success of human，” says Paulus.
“Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution，and it is rooted in the imitation of others，particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood，” says Paulus.“Through this，we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation，so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again.”
1．Why does the author mention the example of wheels
A．To praise the invention of wheels.
B．To describe the process of trial and error.
C．To emphasize the necessity of new tools.
D．To show the importance of prior knowledge.
2．What can we learn about Paulus’ research
A．Children’s imitation was recorded by mothers.
B．Sensitive mothers encouraged children’s imitation.
C．Children’s ability was analyzed through interaction.
D．Effective interaction promoted children’s development.
3．What does the underlined word “nucleus” probably mean in paragraph 4
A．Content. B．Result.
C．Aim. D．Core.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Why Does Evolution Matter
B．How to Interact with Children
C．Imitation：the Engine of Evolution
D．Cultural Learning：the Root of Imitation
语境猜词 ①trial and error ②keystone(合)＝key＋stone ③acquisition(派)＝acqui(re)＋sition
B
(2025·1月八省联考)
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair，whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense(稠密) and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order，walking to driving，and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs，urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions，because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community，especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks，which allow people to meet，talk，and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also，for Jacobs，key elements of this urban form.The commercial，business，and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side，to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings，and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally，urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live，work，and interact.Such high-density spaces are，she feels，engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be，because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”：shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
5．What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
A．Efficient public transport.
B．Strong interaction between people.
C．Uniform style of buildings.
D．A comparatively large population.
6．Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
A．Local residents. B．Government officials.
C．City planners. D．Construction workers.
7．How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
A．Lined with plants. B．Painted with clear signs.
C．Tightly connected. D．Convenient for the old.
8．According to Jacobs，the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of .
A．pride B．comfort C．security D．urgency
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Can you tell when your friends are happy or going through a difficult time Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group，building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn. 1 Research shows it might even help you ①fight off colds.
Friendship is a special connection you have with another person，and it comes in all shapes and sizes.You could chat for ages or giggle at things other people don’t find funny.You don’t expect the other person to be fun all the time. 2 Friends don’t always enjoy the same sports or hobbies but they encourage each other anyway.Experts say good friendship is a strong，stable connection.It makes you feel positive and it’s not ②one-sided. 3
Good friends are good for your health because they make you feel happy，confident and less stressed.Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun. 4 Author Lydia Denworth says friendship is good for you because it boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy.Having good，strong friendships is as important as diet and exercise.
5 Making time for your mates sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy.Try sending a message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat.Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust them and gives them a chance to do the same.If you think a friend is ③feeling down，find a quiet moment to ask if everything’s OK and listen closely to their answers.
A．Making new friends takes much time and effort.
B．You both give each other support when you need it.
C．And you may know when the other has had a bad day.
D．It builds trust and helps you understand each other better.
E．Being a friend is one of the most important skills we can learn.
F．That’s good news because hanging out with your friends is fun.
G．As well as lifting up others，friendship can boost your well-being too.
语境猜词 ①fight off ②one-sided(合)＝one＋sided ③feel down
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏连云港一模)
I often lock myself out.So，when I 1 into a studio apartment for my second year of school，I knew it would be wise to get to know my 2 .
Ali，a law student，was my ①across-the-hall neighbor.Though I am generally a little 3 ，I introduced myself，“I’m Sophie.I just moved in.Do you think we could exchange phone numbers in case one of us gets 4 ？”
He agreed.A few days later，I received a 5 from him.“Hey，it’s Ali! I left a box of chocolates by your door.” Such kindness 6 through the highs and lows of school days. 7 ，he knocked and I saw the smiles on his face，but most of the time we 8 small gifts—stickers，baked goods，and the like.
Inspired by Ali’s 9 ②generosity，I decided to pass it on.I 10 a loaf of ③homemade bread outside Ali’s door，and a bowl of soup to a neighbor down the hall. 11 ，these neighbors 12 kind notes under my door，and greeted me warmly in the hallways.Now I’m in a new apartment for my final year of school and have roommates to let me in when I lose my 13 ，but I will always remember the 14 that a small act of 15 can make in others’ life.
1．A.checked B．moved
C．fitted D．walked
2．A.students B．friends
C．neighbors D．owners
3．A.shy B．confident
C．careful D．nervous
4．A.kicked out B．sorted out
C．ruled out D．locked out
5．A.telegram B．letter
C．message D．present
6．A.continued B．suspended
C．returned D．appeared
7．A.Frequently B．Occasionally
C．Normally D．Typically
8．A.opened B．bought
C．borrowed D．exchanged
9．A.unrecognized B．unexpected
C．unrecorded D．unreported
10．A.laid B．threw
C．spread D．served
11．A.In short B．In reality
C．In return D．In general
12．A.slid B．compared
C．made D．took
13．A.boxes B．phones
C．gifts D．keys
14．A.attempt B．adaptation
C．difference D．contact
15．A.wisdom B．kindness
C．justice D．faith
语境猜词 ①across-the-hall (合)＝across＋the＋hall ②generosity(派)＝genero(u)s＋ity ③homemade(合)＝home＋made
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·山东临沂联考)
Playing an instrument or singing in a choir may boost your brain.For generations，parents 1.______________(encourage) their children to practice playing musical instruments.Parents have good reason to ①prioritize their children’s musical education.Learning an instrument is not only associated with 2. (good) educational ②attainment but also with improved cognitive abilities and intelligence scores in children.
The results of a recent study 3. (investigate) this question showed that musical people had better memory and the ability to stay 4. (focus) on tasks than those with less or no musicality.
However,5. made a difference among those who played an instrument was whether they continued to play 6. had only played in the past.Current amateur musicians exhibited the highest cognitive performance among participants.
Continued engagement 7. cognitively stimulating activities，like playing an instrument，is likely 8. (lead) to sustained brain health.In contrast，playing the recorder for only three years in primary school may not 9. (significant) impact our cognitive performance later in life.
Given the overall benefits of learning an instrument or participating in a choir，engaging in such a cognitive 10. (stimulate) as we age could be beneficial.
语境猜词 ①prioritize(派)＝prior＋it(y)＋ize ②attainment(派)＝attain＋ment
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①反复试验　②n.基础　③n.学得，习得
Ⅱ.①击退；抵抗　②adj.片面的，单方面的　③情绪低落；感到沮丧
Ⅲ.①adj.走廊对面的；对门的　②n.慷慨；大方　③adj.自家制的
Ⅳ.①v.优先处理　②n.成就
答案精析
Ⅰ.
1．D　[ 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Standing on the shoulders of great men，we don’t have to experience endless trial and error，just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car.”可知，正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我们不必再重新进行无尽的研究和试验。由此可推知，作者提到轮子的例子是为了表明先前知识的重要性。故选D。]
2．D　[ 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby，the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of 18 months.”可知，Paulus的研究表明，妈妈越频繁地模仿孩子，孩子在第18个月时的综合能力就越好。因此可知，有效的互动促进孩子们的发展。故选D。]
3．D　[ 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“This interaction”和下文“gives rise to evolutionary success of human”可知，这种互动最终促成了人类进化的成功，说明这种互动很重要，结合选项可知，应是学习的核心，故画线词意思是“核心”。故选D。]
4．C　[标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要讲述了模仿在人类进化中的重要性，强调了模仿对于人类进化的推动作用。因此，最佳标题应该是C项“模仿：进化的引擎”。故选C。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs独特的城市愿景，她认为城市社区应当充满活力，便于人们互相了解、彼此交流。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair，whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense(稠密) and exciting urban environments.”(她的构想的核心在于，城市生活应当充满活力且丰富多彩，因此人们能够在密集且令人兴奋的城市环境中相互交流)可知，Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说，人与人之间的强互动是最重要的。故选B。]
6．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For Jacobs”(对于Jacobs来说)以及“The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.”(关于一座城市应该是什么样子、应该如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己)可知，Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A。]
7．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks，which allow people to meet，talk，and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.”(人们居住的街道应当是纵横交错的人行道构成的紧密格局，这样人们才能相遇、交谈并相互了解。这样一系列复杂但最终丰富了个人经历的相遇有助于人们更好地了解自己的邻居和社区)可知，Jacobs建议人行道应紧密连接。故选C。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They are also safe places to be，because the higher density means that there are more ‘eyes on the street’：shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.”(它们也是安全的场所，因为人口密度高意味着有更多“街头的眼睛”：熟悉自己的区域并密切留意着社区的情况的店主和当地人)可知，Jacobs认为，“街头的眼睛”给人带来安全感。故选C。]
Ⅱ.1.G　2.C　3.B　4.D　5.E
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为怕自己被锁在外面而与邻居交换了联系方式，从交换小礼物等善意的举动开始，她和邻居们建立了深厚的友谊。
1．B　[根据第二段中作者的自我介绍“I’m Sophie.I just moved in.”可知，此处指刚新搬到一栋单间公寓时。故选B。]
2．C　[根据下文“Ali，a law student，was my across-the-hall neighbor.”和“a neighbor down the hall”可知，作者要去认识一下新邻居。故选C。]
3．A　[根据空前“Though I am generally a little”以及空后“I introduced myself”可知，前后是转折关系，作者尽管很腼腆，但是还是主动介绍了自己。故选A。]
4．D　[kick out逐出；sort out整理；rule out把……排除在外；lock out把……锁在门外。根据上文“I often lock myself out.”可知，作者经常把自己锁在门外，所以想要和邻居交换一下电话号码以防以后被锁在外面。故选D。]
5．C　[根据上文“Do you think we could exchange phone numbers”、“He agreed.”以及下文“‘Hey，it’s Ali! I left a box of chocolates by your door.’”可知，作者和Ali交换了电话号码，此处指收到Ali发来的信息。故选C。]
6．A　[根据下文“he knocked and I saw the smiles on his face，but most of the time we ____ small gifts—stickers，baked goods，and the like”可知，自从Ali送给作者一盒巧克力后，他们表达善意、互送小礼物的行为一直继续。故选A。]
7．B　[根据空后“but most of the time”可知，设空处应填“Occasionally”与“most of the time”相对应，表示二人偶尔面对面交流，但更多时候是互送小礼物。故选B。]
8．D　[根据下文“Inspired by Ali’s ________ generosity，I decided to pass it on.I ________ a loaf of homemade bread outside Ali’s door，and a bowl of soup to a neighbor down the hall.”可知，作者和Ali经常互送小礼物。故选D。]
9．B　[unrecognized未被承认的；unexpected令人意外的；unrecorded未记录下来的；unreported未经报道的，未报告的。根据上文“Do you think we could exchange phone numbers in case one of us gets ________？”以及“A few days later，I received a ________ from him.‘Hey，it’s Ali! I left a box of chocolates by your door.’”可知，作者和Ali刚成为邻居互相认识，几天后Ali给作者送了一盒巧克力，这是出乎作者意料的。故选B。]
10．A　[根据上文“Hey，it’s Ali! I left a box of chocolates by your door.”以及“Inspired by Ali’s ________ generosity，I decided to pass it on.”可知，受到Ali在作者门口放小礼物的启发，作者也在他门口放了自制的面包。故选A。]
11．C　[根据上文“I ________ a loaf of homemade bread outside Ali’s door，and a bowl of soup to a neighbor down the hall.”可知，作者给邻居送了东西，作为对作者善意的回报，他们会在走廊里热情地跟作者打招呼。故选C。]
12．A　[slide(使)快捷而悄声地移动。根据空后“kind notes under my door”可知，邻居们会把表达善意的纸条从门下面塞进来。故选A。]
13．D　[根据上文“I often lock myself out.”以及句中“have roommates to let me in”可知，当作者丢了钥匙被锁在门外时，会有室友给作者开门。故选D。]
14．C　[根据上文作者受邻居送小礼物的影响而开始给邻居们送小礼物表达善意的故事以及句中“that a small act of _________ can make in others’ life”可知，一些友好的举动、善意的行为能够对别人产生影响；make a difference“起作用，有影响”符合语境。故选C。]
15．B　[根据上文“Inspired by Ali’s ________ generosity，I decided to pass it on.I ________ a loaf of homemade bread outside Ali’s door，and a bowl of soup to a neighbor down the hall.________，these neighbors ________ kind notes under my door，and greeted me warmly in the hallways.”可知，本文讲述了作者受邻居送小礼物的影响，开始和邻居互送小礼物，友好善意的行为能够对别人产生影响。故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.have encouraged/have been encouraging　2.better
3．investigating　4.focused　5.what　6.or　7.in　8.to lead
9．significantly　10.stimulatorⅠ.阅读单词——会意
1．trait　　　　　　n．特性，品质
2．niece n．侄女，外甥女
3．nephew n．侄子，外甥
4．triangle n．三角形
5．hydrogen n．氢
6．rocket n．火箭
7．acid n．酸
8．onion n．洋葱
9．feedback n．反馈意见
10．highlight vt.标出；突出显示
n．高潮，最精彩的部分
11．social networking 社交网络
12．laptop n．笔记本电脑，便携式电脑
13．app n．应用程序
14．wired adj.联网的；极其兴奋的
15．scroll vi.上下滚动
16．inch n．英寸
v．(使朝某方向)缓慢移动
17．booze n．酒
18．hard-wired adj.硬件控制的；天生的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．outgoing adj.外向的，好交际的
2．flu n．流行性感冒，流感
3．angle n．角；角度，观点
vt.斜置
4．pour vt.灌，注，倒
5．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行
vt.(给……)加燃料；增强，刺激
6．drag vt.拖，拉
7．worthwhile adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的
8．handle vt.处理(难题)；应付(局面)
n．柄，把手
9．upset vt.(upset，upset，upsetting)使生气，使心烦意乱；弄翻，打翻；打乱，扰乱(计划、安排等)
adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；(肠胃)不适的
10．raise vt.举起；提出，提起；筹(款)；养育；饲养
11．manner n．方式，方法；举止；态度 (pl.)礼貌，礼仪
12．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的
13．constantly adv.持续不断地
14．dorm n．寝室，学生宿舍
15．flow n．流动
vi.流，流动
16．million n．百万
17．obsess vt.使迷恋
18．mate n．朋友，伙伴
19．deadline n．截止日期，最后期限
20．chase vi.& vt.努力赢得
n．追逐，追赶
21．delay vi.& vt.推迟，延期
22．chatter vi.唠叨，喋喋不休
23．bend vi.& vt.(使四肢等)弯曲；弯腰；俯身；(使)转弯
24．extraordinary adj.令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的
25．behalf n．代表……
26．topic n．话题，题目
27．principle n．原则；行为准则
28．contrast n．差异，差别
vt.形成对比
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．humour n．幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的
2．host vt.主办；主持；做……的东道主 n．主人；主持人；东道主；许多，大量→hostess n．女主人；女主持人
3．behaviour n．行为，举止→behave vi.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体
4．access n．进入；通道，入口；接触的机会 vt.到达，进入；访问；获取(计算机数据)→accessible adj.可进入的；可达到的；可使用的；易懂的；平易近人的
5．preference n．偏爱，偏好→prefer v．更喜欢；宁愿
6．ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的→shame n．羞耻；羞愧感→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的→shameless adj.不知羞耻的
7．effective adj.有效的→effect n．影响；效果
8．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚；投诉→complaint n．抱怨；不满；投诉
9．alcoholic n．酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者 adj.(含)酒精的→alcohol n．酒精
10．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→belonging n．归属；(pl.)动产，财物
11．approval n．赞许；同意→approve v．赞许；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的→disapprove v．不赞许；不同意→disapproval n．不同意
12．defend vi.& vt.保护，保卫→defence n．保护，保卫→defensive adj.防御(性)的；戒备的，自卫的
13．politics n．政治，政治活动→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家；政客
14．passionate adj.热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的→passionately adv.热情地；强烈地→passion n．热爱；激情
15．occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然→occasion n．场合，时刻→occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的
16．emotional adj.激起感情的；情感上的；情绪上的→emotionally adv.情感上；情绪上→emotion n．情感；情绪
17．presentation n．报告；陈述，说明；介绍(会)；展示(会)→present vt.颁发；出示(证件等供检查)；展示，表现；提交，提呈 n．礼物 adj.现在的，目前的；出席的
18．educationalist n．教育(学)家→educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educational adj.教育的；有教育意义的
19．intention n．意图，目的；打算→intend vi.& vt.计划；打算；想要
20．tense n．时态 adj.紧张的，担心的→tension n．紧张；焦虑
21．associate vt.与某人交往；联系→associated adj.有联系的→association n．联系；协会，社团
22．reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的→reserve n．(野生生物)保护区 vt.保留，保存，储备；预定→reservation n．保留；(房间、座位等的)预订
23．distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→distract vt.分散(注意力)，使分心→distraction n．使人分心的事物
24．dominate vi.& vt.主宰，支配，控制→domination n．控制；统治→dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的
25．desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的；不顾一切的；极度渴望的→desperately adv.绝望地；非常→desperation n．绝望；拼命；不顾一切
26．stimulation n．刺激→stimulate vt.刺激；激励；激发
27．depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→depress vt.使抑郁；使萧条→depressing adj.令人忧愁的，使人沮丧的→depression n．抑郁症；消沉；萧条期
28．invitation n．邀请→invite vt.邀请；引起，招致→inviting adj.诱人的，吸引人的
29．organise vt.组织，筹划→organiser n．组织者→organisation n．组织
30．innovation n．革新，创新→innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的→innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革→innovator n．革新者，创新者
31．competitor n．选手，参赛者→compete vi.参加比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的
32．progression n．发展，变化→progress n．进步；前进 vi.进步；前进
33．motivation n．动力，积极性→motivate vt.激励；激发→motivated adj.主动的；有积极性的→unmotivated adj.不积极的，不主动的→motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的
34．incredible adj.极好的；难以置信的→incredibly adv.难以置信地；非常地
35．extremely adv.极度，极其→extreme n．极端 adj.极端的
36．grateful adj.感激的，感谢的→gratitude n．感激→gratefully adv.感激地
37．practical adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的→practice n．& v．练习→practically adv.实际地；切实可行地
38．barely adv.几乎不→bare vt.揭开，脱掉 adj.裸露的；光秃秃的；仅有的，最基本的
39．reality n．现实；真实→real adj.真实的；现实的→really adv.真正地；确实地→realise vt.实现；意识到
40．rude adj.无礼的→rudely adv.无礼地；粗鲁地→rudeness n．粗野；无礼；粗鲁
41．fluency n．流畅，熟练→fluent adj.流畅的，熟练的→fluently adv.流利地，熟练地
42．sincerely adv.真诚地，由衷地→sincere adj.真诚的，由衷的→sincerity n．真挚，诚心诚意
43．socialise vi.交友；交际；交往→social adj.社会的；社交的→socially adv.在社会上；在社交上→society n．社会；协会；社团
44．lack vt.缺乏；缺少 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
45．demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的→demand vt.强烈要求；需要 n．要求；需求
46．appointment n．约定；约会→appoint v．任命，委派；指定；约定→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
47．engagement n．参与；订婚；约定→engage vt.参与，参加；吸引；雇用，聘请→engaged adj.忙于，从事；已订婚的；被占用的，使用中的
48．intense adj.紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的→intensity n．强度；强烈→intensify vt.加剧，增强
49．clarity n．清楚，清晰→clarify vt.澄清，讲清楚，阐明
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀out-表示“超过，胜过；出，外”。如outgoing＝out(外)＋going(进行的)→往外去的→外向的；outstanding＝out(出)＋stand(站立)＋ing(形容词后缀)→出人头地，站得很高→杰出的；outperform ＝out(胜过)＋perform(表演)→胜过，做得比……好。
2．前缀ob-来源于拉丁词ob，意为“toward”，后引申为“逆；反，反对”之意，ob-在c，f，p前面变成oc-，of-，op-，在其他元音字母或其他辅音字母前ob-保持不变，如：obsess＝ob＋sess(坐)→迷得神魂颠倒，坐不住→使迷恋；obey＝ob (toward)＋ey (listen)→服从；object＝ob(反对)＋ject(扔)→反对向……扔→反对。
3．后缀-fy：后缀-fy与元音i组合，形成特别常用的ify后缀，意为“使成为，使……化”，如：magnify，identify，horrify，simplify。
(1)It seems that the disadvantages often outweigh the advantages of ecotourism.________________(猜加黑词义)
(2)As a result of various reasons，nowadays women outlive men by about five to six years.________________
(3)The demonstrators were heavily outnumbered by the police.________________
(4)As far as I am concerned，we mustn’t oppress others and everyone is born equal.________________
(5)Neil did not mean to offend anybody with his joke.________________
(6)To recalculate results for particular start and stop times，you can specify a time range for a report.________________
(7)As far as I am concerned，it is rude of us to uglify others and we should treat others as they are.________________
(8)The Energy Department plans to solidify the deadly waste in a high-tech billion-dollar factory.________________
1．comedian/k 'mi di n/n.喜剧演员；有趣的人
2．superiority/su pI ri' r ti/n.优越感；优秀；优越
3．verbal/'v b l/adj.口头的，非书面的
4．depict/dI'pIkt/vt.描写，描述，描绘
5．bump/b mp/vi.& vt.猛碰，撞；拖拽
6．incongruity/ Ink n'ɡru ti/n.不和谐；不合适；不相称
7．removal/rI'mu v l/n.除去；消除；清除
8．detachment/dI't t m nt/n.超然，客观；分离，脱离→detached/dI't t t/adj.冷静的，不动感情的，客观的
9．conversely/'k nv sli/adv.相反地；另一方面
10．evoke/I'v k/vt.引起，唤起(某人强烈的感情或回忆)
11．exemplify/Iɡ'zemplIfaI/vt.举例说明；是……的范例
12．steep/sti p/adj.(价格、收费等)过高的；(增加或减小)大幅度的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．add up to合计达；结果是
2．for the first time初次，第一次
3．pour into投入(倒)……于某物
4．a couple of一些，几个；一双，一对
5．used to过去经常，曾经
6．make friends with和……交朋友
7．be eager to do渴望做某事
8．associate with与某人交往
9．in reality 实际上；事实上
10．obsess over对……过分担心
11．chatter away喋喋不休
12．go without没有……而勉强应付；没有……也行
13．on behalf of sb代表某人
14．take up占据
15．belong to 是……的成员；属于
16．in contrast to和……对比
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．I had no idea what hydrogen was，and I didn’t really want to know，either！(what引导的同位语从句)
我不知道氢是什么，而且也不想知道！
2．I found it all so boring and difficult.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
我觉得这些东西既无聊又难以理解。
3．Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion！(if only引导的虚拟条件句)
有时(我)甚至想，如果能打电话征求他的意见就好了！
4．The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored...(the first day引导时间状语从句)
第一天走进我的班级时，他的书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子……
5．Then we could make sure that we would find the path to success，both at school and in later life，for all of them.(make sure后跟宾语从句)
这样才能确保我们为他们找到通向成功的道路，不管在学业上还是以后的生活中。
6．As soon as I open my eyes in the morning，I check through all my social networking apps，read my emails and answer text messages.(as soon as引导时间状语从句)
早上一睁开眼，我就会立刻查看所有社交网络应用程序，阅读电子邮件并回复短信。
7．...not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.(否定副词位于句首引起部分倒装)
……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。
体验——析真题长句　知高考难度
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place.
[句式分析]　此句是________________句。why引导的是________________从句，before引导的是________________从句。
[尝试翻译]　
Being an educationalist，I have a niece who is sensitive，outgoing and passionate about organising all kinds of 1.____________(activity) and a nephew who has good manners and a sense of humour but lacks 2.____________(confident)．When they came to my house for the first time a couple of weeks ago，they were extremely depressed because there was not a laptop in my house and barely did I socialise with others on social networking.3.____________ upset them that Wi-Fi was not 4.____________(access) to them before 6：00 pm.In reality，feeling tense，their reserved mother was desperate 5.__________________(send) them to my house so that they would not associate with their online mates.Besides，they used to chase after stimulation online，which took up a lot of their time.They were so distracted that they delayed 6.____________(do) their homework and even missed the deadline，but they didn’t feel ashamed.Their demanding parents constantly complained about and obsessed 7.____________ their behaviour.However，I found my unmotivated nephew had an extraordinary and intense preference for science fiction in contrast to other children，so I handled the problem from a practical and effective angle with the intention of fueling his interest.I made an appointment with him that 8.__________________ he could give a presentation about the book he had read，I would buy him another science fiction book，which was worthwhile.I expected some wonderful feedback.After all，interest is the 9.______________(good) motivation.Witnessing her children’s positive progression，my sister was sincerely grateful to me and she 10.________________(think) it incredible that her son could pour into reading for hours.Tears flowed down her cheeks.Gaining her approval，I felt I was on top of the world.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
grateful adj.感激的，感谢的 (gratitude n．感激 gratefully adv.感激地)
be grateful to sb (for sth)(因某事)感激某人 be grateful to do sth因做某事而感激 I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将感激不尽。 with gratitude感激地
(1)In reality，I was also grateful ________________(do) my part to help the homeless.(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)
(2)我热泪盈眶，感激地对出租车司机说：“我非常感谢你为我所做的一切。” (2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
With my eyes brimming with tears，I said to the taxi driver ________________________________________，“I ____________________________________ what you have done for me.”
(3)(应用文写作之求助信)如果您能花点时间看一下我的申请表并做些修改，我会很感激的。
____________________________________________________________ going through my application form and making some changes.
lack vt.缺乏；缺少 n．缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的)
(a) lack of缺少…… for/through lack of因缺少…… be lacking in在……方面缺乏
(1)In contrast to my reserved and sensitive niece，my nephew is ____________(lack) in motivation.
(2)(话题写作之健康生活)健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。由于缺乏这两者，许多人最终变得身体不健康。
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and __________________________.____________________________________________________________，many people end up being physically unhealthy.
(3)尽管他们缺乏烹饪经验，双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为妈妈准备一顿特别的早餐。
________________________________________________，the twins still prepared a special breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(现在分词短语作状语)
access n．进入；通道，入口；接触的机会 vt.到达，进入；访问；获取(计算机数据) (accessible adj.可进入的；可达到的；可使用的；易懂的；平易近人的)
have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有/获得……的机会；可以接近/进入 give access to准许进入(接近) be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
(1)With the development of technology，we can have access ____________ different means of transportation.(2024·全国甲，书面表达)
(2)在自习室，你可以使用免费Wi-Fi，这方便你做报告。(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)
In the self-study room，you can ____________________________________ free Wi-Fi，making it convenient for you to give a presentation.
upset vt.(upset，upset，upsetting)使生气，使心烦意乱；弄翻，打翻；打乱，扰乱(计划、安排等) adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；(肠胃)不适的
be upset by/about/at sth为某事心烦 be upset to do sth/that...对做某事感到不安 What upsets sb is that...让某人心烦的是…… It upsets sb to do sth/that...做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是……
(1)I was upset ____________ my son’s rude behaviour in public and I must think of some effective ideas to handle his present situation.
(2)The father was upset ____________________(know) that his son only used social networking rather than associated with his mates face to face.
(3)既心烦又沮丧，我甚至想中途退出写作比赛，是我的老师激励我坚持我的目标，直到我成功。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
____________________________________，I even wanted to drop out of the writing contest halfway and it was my teacher who motivated me to stick to my goal until I succeeded.
(4)I was upset that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
→________________________________________________ my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(用what引导主语从句改写)
→____________________________________ my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(用it作形式主语改写)
ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的 (shame n．羞耻；羞愧感 shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的 shameless adj.不知羞耻的)
be ashamed to do...耻于做……；因做……而羞愧 be/feel ashamed of...对……感到惭愧/羞耻 It’s a shame that...……是令人遗憾的事。
(1)It is ____________ shame that I made a couple of extremely silly mistakes in my class presentation.
(2)我很惭愧地说我对她撒谎了。换句话说，我为自己的可耻行为感到羞愧，这对我来说是一种耻辱。
_____________________ that I lied to her.In other words，_____________________________，which is ________________________.
(3)(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
____________________________________________________________ I felt as if my heart had been pierced by a knife，tears clouding my eyes.(运用so...that...句型的倒装形式)
demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的(demand vi.& vt.强烈要求；需要 n．要求；需求)
in demand需求大 meet/satisfy one’s demands for...满足某人对……的需求 demand to do sth要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth要求……做某事
(1)It is a fact that those who speak English with fluency are ____________ great demand in modern times.
(2)(读后续写片段描写)我要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求，我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走，以防迷路。
I ______________________________ in the mountains.__________________________，my uncle demanded that _________________________________________________________ in case we might get lost.
manner n．方式，方法；举止；态度 (pl.)礼貌，礼仪
in a/an...manner以……的方式 It’s bad/good manners to do sth.做……是没有/有礼貌的。 table manners餐桌礼仪
(1)It is bad ____________(manner) to give feedback by chattering away constantly.
(2)(记叙文之写人)我最尊敬的物理老师总是教我们如何用一种既合乎逻辑又科学的方式解决难题。
The physics teacher I respect most is always ___________________________________________.
(3)(话题写作之中国礼仪)当你拜访一位中国朋友的时候，带个礼物是有礼貌的，比如一束花。吃饭时，你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。
______________________________________________，such as a bunch of flowers，when you visit a Chinese friend.At dinner，________________________________________________.
associate vt.与某人交往；联系 (associated adj.有联系的 association n．联系；协会；社团)
associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 associate with sb与某人交往 be associated with...与……有关 in association with...与……合作；与……有关联
(1)In modern times millions of parents obsess over Internet addiction __________(associate) with social networking.They associate their children’s lack of motivation ____________too much exposure to the Internet.
(2)在与外教合作下，位于我们图书馆一楼的英语口语社已经成立了。外教把流利的英语和更积极的练习联系在一起。因此，现在加入我们社团吧，在这里你不仅可以提高英语口语而且可以学会如何与他人交往。
The Spoken English Club situated on the ground floor in our library has been set up _____________________________ our foreign teachers，who _________________________.So join our club right now，where not only can you improve your spoken English but you can also learn ________________________________________________________________________.
belong vi.应在(某处)；适应 [belonging n．归属；(pl.)动产，财物]
belong to属于 a sense of belonging归属感
(1)(应用文写作之感谢信)It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates’ approval that I feel a sense of ____________(belong)．
(2)The old woman complained that her rude neighbour took away the umbrella that belonged ________________________________________________________________________ her.
＝The old woman complained that her rude neighbour took away the umbrella _________(belong) to her.
(3)(读后续写之情感描写)Frank was desperate that he lost all his ____________(belong) in the fire and he buried his face in his hands，tears running down his cheeks.
用法点拨　belong to没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。
approval n．赞许；同意 (approve v．赞许；同意；批准 approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 disapprove v．不赞许；不同意 disapproval n．不同意)
give one’s approval to sth某人批准某事 approve of赞成，同意 disapprove of 不赞成，反对
(1)当你父母不同意你做饭时，我很理解你有多难过，我写信是为了给你一些建议，告诉你如何说服你父母允许你做饭。(2024·上海6月，书面表达)
I quite understand how upset you were when __________________________________，and I am writing to offer you some suggestions on how to convince your parents to permit you to cook.
(2)我的老师对我关于如何润色我的原创文章的想法表示赞同，他拍了拍我的肩膀，给了我一个赞许的微笑。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
My teacher ________________________________________________ on how to polish my original article and he patted me on the shoulder，__________________________________.
for the first time 初次，第一次
(1)I clearly remember when I stepped into senior high school ____________________________，I had a mixed feeling of excitement and worry.Being a senior high student，I must attend school _____________________________________________________________________，so every day I must get up early ____________________________________ catch the first class.Once I have made a plan，I must take action ____________________________________.Perhaps ___________________ I will come across difficulties，but ________________________________ should I give up.
(2)______________________，I was passionate about chasing stimulation by playing video games and I was so obsessed that I failed the exam ____________________.So I don’t play them anymore now.
find＋宾语＋宾语补足语　I found it all so boring and difficult.我觉得这些东西既无聊又难以理解。
find＋宾语＋ find＋it＋adj./n.＋to do(it作形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
(1)As I approached the milking house，I found a bird ____________________________________
(catch) in spiderwebs and it seemed to be desperately waiting for my help.(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)
(2)我觉得中文工坊既重要又有意义，因为它为学生提供了一个了解中华文化和欣赏中华文化之美的机会。(2023·天津6月，书面表达)
I ________________________________________________________________________ because it provides an opportunity for students to learn about Chinese culture and appreciate its beauty.
(3)这位爸爸发现他的孩子们正在准备母亲节早餐，所以他踮着脚进入厨房。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，so he tiptoed into the kitchen.
(4)(应用文写作之求助信)我发现适应新的学校生活很难，因此我真诚地寻求您慷慨的帮助。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，so I sincerely ask for your generous assistance.
用法点拨　该结构中宾语是oneself时，常表示主语“不知不觉发现自己……”。
否定副词位于句首引起部分倒装　...not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。
否定副词或者短语位于句首常常引起句子的部分倒装，常见的否定副词或短语有：not，never，neither，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，by no means，on no account，in no case，under no circumstances，no sooner...等。
(1)(读后续写之愤怒描写)我从来没有这么生气过，所以他一放开我，我就像箭一样冲出门。我对自己发誓：“我决不再回来了。”
__________________________________，so no sooner ________________________________I rushed out of the door like an arrow.I swore to myself，“By no means ______________________.”
(2)老师鼓舞人心的话语在她的脑海里回响：“在解决你的问题之前，你绝不能放弃。” (2024·浙江1月，读后续写)
The teacher’s inspiring words echoed in her mind，“________________________________ before solving your problem.”
(3)我几乎没有想到我能在最后一刻赶到汽车站，我向Gunter投去感激的微笑。(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Hardly ________________________________________________________________________ at the last minute and I cast a grateful smile at Gunter.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1．She angled① the ladder at an angle② of 30 degrees，but from my personal angle③，this was inappropriate.
①________________　②________________
③________________
2．His cruel fuel① greatly fueled② my emotion，so I got on my car to get away from my home.But my car lacked fuel③ and I must immediately fuel④ my car.Otherwise my car would break down halfway.
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
3．Having eaten some bad food，I had an upset① stomach at midnight and I was about to reach out to turn on the light when I upset② my glass cup full of water on the bedside table，which made me extremely upset③.What happened completely upset④ my initial plan to visit the city museum，which upset⑤ me very much.
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
⑤________________
4．My physics teacher has to raise① three children and unluckily，his father was seriously ill.Our head teacher made us raise② some practical ways to help him，so I raised③ my hand to suggest raising④ some money for him in our class and our school.
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
5．The host① country France hosted② a host③ of events in the 2024 Paris Olympics；many people watched a live football match hosted④ by a famous host⑤.
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
⑤________________
6．If you desire to visit the national wildlife reserve①，you must reserve② tickets in advance either online or in the registration office.But a small part of tickets are reserved③ for special guests.
①________________　②________________
③________________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The ____________(passion) speech caused us to reflect on what we had done to the globe.
2．My father likes historical books，but ____________(occasional) he will show an interest in comic fiction.
3．I was grateful ____________ his timely help and expressed my gratitude ____________ him in person.
4．A lack ____________ evidence made it difficult for him to prove his innocence.
5.Moreover，people in remote areas have no easy access ____________ 5G systems with the advanced technology.
6．Though we are a little upset ____________ the unpleasant feedback，it can help us handle problems more effectively.
7．I didn’t work out the maths problem on the blackboard，and I felt ashamed ____________ it.
8．We couldn’t finish the ____________(demand) task on time，which was totally beyond our reach.
9．It is bad ____________(manner) to argue with your teachers or parents in public.
10．My sister’s recommendation was that I should apply to join the student _________(associate)．
11.Normally，we will defend all the things __________(belong) to us from being taken away.
12．So far we have organised a number of activities with the ____________(intend) of promoting the friendship between the two companies.
13．If only I ________________________(not ignore) the advice that my partner offered to me!
14.As a result，he complained to me ____________ his child’s terrible behavior at table.
15．Learning that you didn’t gain your parents’ _________________________________(approve)，I am writing to recommend you to do the following things.
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你班从外地转来一名新同学李明，他一时无法融入新的班集体中，感到很苦恼。请用英语写一封信，表达你对李明的关心，并提出你的建议。内容提要： 1.表示关心； 2.提出建议； 3.表达期望。
完成句子
1．使你心烦意乱的是你在新学校没有归属感。(upset；belonging)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．如果你学会说普通话，并与同学交换意见，你会发现结识新朋友很容易。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．如果你更喜欢打篮球，我会定期邀请你一起参加和其他学校合作的篮球比赛。(in association with)
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4．从现在起，无论你什么时候遇到困难，你都不应该放弃，同时，你可以毫不犹豫地向我求助。(on no account置于句首引起的倒装句)
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5．只有接受以上建议，你的尴尬局面才能得到改善。(only if引导的倒装句)
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组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
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教材语料整合
亮词 [动作描写]　host；pour；drag；access；handle；raise；highlight；flow；associate；obsess；dominate；chase；chatter；bend；complain；organise；defend
[人物描写]　humour；passionate；behaviour；outgoing；sensitive；reserved；distracted；extraordinary；rude；alcoholic；manner；unmotivated；educationalist；competitor
[情感描写]　ashamed；demanding；grateful；depressed；desperate；upset；sincerely
美句 1.I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket，and then another student lit a match to set it off.(动作描写) 2．The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored，but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion，he gave me his full attention.(动作描写) 3．When it was charged，she just spent hours reading about her favourite popstar；not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.(动作描写)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：感激与感动
单 词 appreciate vt.感激→appreciation n．感激 thankful adj.感激的→thankfully adv.感激地→thanks n．感激；感谢 move/touch vt.使感动→moving/touching adj.令人感动的→moved/touched adj.感动的
词 块 shed tears of gratitude 留下感激的泪水　be moved/touched to tears 感动得落泪　have deep gratitude towards...对……深怀感激　with gratitude/appreciation 感激地　owe sb a lot/a great deal 非常感激某人　be deeply moved/touched by...被……深深感动
句 型 A wave of warmth welled up/rose in her heart.(无灵主语句)一股暖流涌上她的心头。 With tears streaming down her face/With tears dropping from her eyes，she thanked him again and again with a lump in her throat.(with复合结构) 她泪流满面/热泪夺眶而出，哽咽着一遍又一遍地感谢他。 Deeply moved/touched/affected by what he had done，I felt tears rolling/flowing/pouring down without control.(过去分词短语作状语)他的所作所为深深打动了我，我的眼泪无法控制地滚落下来。 A feeling of warmth sweeping over Peter on the cold day，he began to believe there was kindness in every corner.(独立主格)寒冷的天气里，一种温暖的感觉席卷了彼得，他开始相信人间处处有善意。
语料运用　主题：人际交往
Depressed and upset，I bent my head and dragged my feet in the new school.①___________________(形容词短语作状语)，I was dominated by limitless sadness.It was at that time that ②______________________________ caught up with me.Possessing a sense of humour，he told me funny stories to raise my spirit.③__________________________(过去分词短语作状语)，I felt tears pouring down without control.I thanked him again and again ④________________________________(with复合结构)．⑤__________________________(独立主格)，I began to believe there was kindness in every corner.We became good friends，comforting and encouraging each other.
我感到沮丧和不安，低着头，拖着我的脚走在新学校里。无法应对苛刻的挑战，我被无尽的悲伤所控制。就在那个时候，我外向、体贴、热情的班长追上了我。他很有幽默感，给我讲有趣的故事以振奋我的精神。他的所作所为深深打动了我，我的眼泪无法控制地流了下来。我哽咽着一次又一次地感谢他。一种温暖的感觉席卷了我，我开始相信人间处处有善意。我们成了好朋友，互相安慰，互相鼓励。
答案精析
排查·基础知识
积累
(1)胜过，比……更重　(2)比……活得长　(3)(在数量上)压倒，比……多　(4)压迫，欺压　(5)冒犯　(6)明确指出；具体说明　(7)丑化　(8)使固体化
体验
主从复合　表语　时间状语　这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间要早几十年。
词汇串记
1．activities　2.confidence　3.It　4.accessible　5.to send
6．doing　7.over　8.if　9.best　10.thought
突破·核心考点
1．(1)to do　(2)gratefully/with gratitude；am so grateful to you for　(3)I’d be quite grateful if you could spend some time
2．(1)lacking　(2)(a) lack of exercise；For/Through lack of both of them　(3)Lacking cooking experience
3．(1)to　(2)access/get access to
4．(1)by/about/at　(2)to know　(3)Upset and depressed　(4)What upset me was that；It upset me that
5．(1)a　(2)I’m ashamed to say；I am/feel ashamed of my shameful behaviour；a shame to me　(3)So ashamed was I that
6．(1)in　(2)demanded to take a horse ride；To meet/satisfy my demands；my father and I (should) keep to the track
7．(1)manners　(2)teaching us how to solve difficult problems in a logical and scientific manner　(3)It’s good manners to bring a gift；you should also pay attention to your table manners
8．(1)associated；with 　(2)in association with；associate fluent English with more active practice；how to associate with others
9．(1)belonging　(2)to；belonging　(3)belongings
10．(1)your parents didn’t approve of/disapproved of/didn’t give their approval to your cooking　(2)approved of/gave his approval to my idea；casting an approving smile at me
11．(1)for the first time；on time；in time to；in no time；at times；at no time　(2)At one time；at a time
12．(1)caught　(2)find the Chinese Workshop significant and meaningful　(3)The father found his children preparing a Mother’s Day breakfast　(4)I find it difficult to adapt to the new school life
13．(1)Never had I been so annoyed；had he let go of me than；will I return　(2)By no means/In no way/On no account/In no case/Under no circumstances should you give up　(3)did I think that I could make it to the bus station
基础达标
Ⅰ.1.①vt.斜置　②n.角　③n.角度，观点
2．①n.刺激性言行　②vt.增强，刺激　③n.燃料　④vt.(给……)加燃料
3．①adj.(肠胃)不适的　②vt.弄翻，打翻　③adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的　④vt.打乱，扰乱　⑤vt.使生气，使心烦意乱
4．①vt.养育　②vt.提出，提起　③vt.举起　④vt.筹(款)
5．①n.东道主　②vt.主办　③n.许多，大量　④vt.主持
⑤n.主持人
6．①n.(野生生物)保护区　②vt.预定　③vt.保留，保存，储备
Ⅱ.1.passionate　2.occasionally　3.for；to　4.of　5.to　6.about/ by/at　7.of　8.demanding　9.manners　10.association　11.belonging　12.intention　13.hadn’t ignored　14.of/about　15.approval
提升·写作能力　应用文增分练
参考范文
Dear Li Ming，
What upsets you is that you don’t have a sense of belonging in the new school.I am terribly sorry to hear that and I am quite anxious for you.
First and foremost，you will find it easy to make new friends if you learn to speak Putonghua and compare notes with your classmates.Additionally，if you prefer playing basketball，I will regularly invite you to participate in basketball matches in association with other schools.Of course，whenever you come across difficulties from now on，on no account should you give up and meanwhile，you can turn to me for help without hesitation.
From my point of view，only if you take the above suggestions can you have your awkward situation improved.Looking forward to your living a comfortable life here as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
续写积累提能练
①Unable to handle demanding challenges　②my outgoing，sensitive and passionate monitor　③Deeply moved/touched/affected by what he had done　④with a lump in my throat
⑤A feeling of warmth sweeping over me(共137张PPT)
RELATIONSHIPS
选择性必修第一册　 UNIT 1
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.特性，品质
n.侄女，外甥女
n.侄子，外甥
n.三角形
n.氢
n.火箭
1
trait
2
niece
3
nephew
4
triangle
音频见PPT“图书打包下载”
知识速记
5
hydrogen
6
rocket
n.酸
n.洋葱
n.反馈意见
vt.标出；突出显示
n.高潮，最精彩的部分
社交网络
n.笔记本电脑，便携式电脑
n.应用程序
7
acid
8
onion
9
feedback
10
highlight
11
social networking
12
laptop
13
app
adj.联网的；极其兴奋的
vi.上下滚动
n.英寸
v.(使朝某方向)缓慢移动
n.酒
adj.硬件控制的；天生的
14
wired
15
scroll
16
inch
17
booze
18
hard-wired
adj.外向的，好交际的
n.流行性感冒，流感
n.角；角度，观点
vt.斜置
vt.灌，注，倒
n.燃料；刺激性言行
vt.(给……)加燃料；增强，刺激
1
outgoing
2
flu
3
angle
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
pour
5
fuel
vt.拖，拉
adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的
vt.处理(难题)；应付(局面)
n.柄，把手
vt.(upset，upset，upsetting)使生气，使心烦意乱；弄翻，打翻 ；打乱，扰乱(计划、安排等)
adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；(肠胃)不适的
7
worthwhile
8
handle
9
upset
6
drag
vt.举起；提出，提起 ；筹(款) ；养育 ；饲养
n.方式，方法；举止；态度 (pl.)礼貌，礼仪
adj.敏感的；善解人意的
adv.持续不断地
n.寝室，学生宿舍
n.流动
vi.流，流动
11
manner
12
sensitive
13
constantly
10
raise
14
dorm
15
flow
n.百万
vt.使迷恋
n.朋友，伙伴
n.截止日期，最后期限
vi.& vt.努力赢得
n.追逐，追赶
vi.& vt.推迟，延期
17
obsess
18
mate
19
deadline
16
million
20
chase
21
delay
vi.唠叨，喋喋不休
vi.& vt.(使四肢等)弯曲；弯腰 ；俯身 ；(使)转弯
adj.令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的
n.代表……
n.话题，题目
n.原则；行为准则
n.差异，差别
vt.形成对比
23
bend
24
extraordinary
25
behalf
22
chatter
26
topic
27
principle
28
contrast
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
2
humour n.幽默感
→humorous adj.幽默的
host vt.主办；主持；做……的东道主
n.主人；主持人 ；东道主 ；许多，大量
→hostess n.女主人；女主持人
3
4
behaviour n.行为，举止
→behave vi.表现
vi.& vt.表现得体
access n.进入；通道，入口；接触的机会
vt.到达，进入；访问 ；获取(计算机数据)
→accessible adj.可进入的；可达到的；可使用的；易懂的 ；平易近人的
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5
preference n.偏爱，偏好
→prefer v.更喜欢；宁愿
ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的
→shame n.羞耻；羞愧感
→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的
→shameless adj.不知羞耻的
8
7
effective adj.有效的
→effect n.影响；效果
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚；投诉
→complaint n.抱怨；不满；投诉
10
9
alcoholic n.酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者
adj.(含)酒精的
→alcohol n.酒精
belong vi.应在(某处) ；适应
→belonging n.归属；(pl.)动产，财物
11
approval n.赞许；同意
→approve v.赞许；同意；批准
→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的
→disapprove v.不赞许；不同意
→disapproval n.不同意
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12
defend vi.& vt.保护，保卫
→defence n.保护，保卫
→defensive adj.防御(性)的；戒备的，自卫的
politics n.政治，政治活动
→political adj.政治的
→politician n.政治家；政客
15
14
passionate adj.热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的
→passionately adv.热情地；强烈地
→passion n.热爱；激情
occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然
→occasion n.场合，时刻
→occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的
17
16
emotional adj.激起感情的；情感上的；情绪上的
→emotionally adv.情感上；情绪上
→emotion n.情感；情绪
presentation n.报告 ；陈述，说明；介绍(会)；展示(会)
→present vt.颁发；出示(证件等供检查)；展示，表现；提交，提呈
n.礼物
adj.现在的，目前的；出席的
19
18
educationalist n.教育(学)家
→educate vt.教育
→education n.教育
→educational adj.教育的；有教育意义的
intention n.意图，目的；打算
→intend vi.& vt.计划；打算；想要
21
20
tense n.时态
adj.紧张的，担心的
→tension n.紧张；焦虑
associate vt.与某人交往；联系
→associated adj.有联系的
→association n.联系；协会，社团
23
22
reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的
→reserve n.(野生生物)保护区
vt.保留，保存，储备；预定
→reservation n.保留；(房间、座位等的)预订
distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的
→distract vt.分散(注意力)，使分心
→distraction n.使人分心的事物
25
24
dominate vi.& vt.主宰，支配，控制
→domination n.控制；统治
→dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的
desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的；不顾一切的；极度渴望的
→desperately adv.绝望地；非常
→desperation n.绝望；拼命；不顾一切
27
26
stimulation n.刺激
→stimulate vt.刺激；激励；激发
depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的
→depress vt.使抑郁；使萧条
→depressing adj.令人忧愁的，使人沮丧的
→depression n.抑郁症；消沉；萧条期
29
28
invitation n.邀请
→invite vt.邀请；引起，招致
→inviting adj.诱人的，吸引人的
organise vt.组织，筹划
→organiser n.组织者
→organisation n.组织
30
innovation n.革新，创新
→innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
→innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革
→innovator n.革新者，创新者
31
competitor n.选手，参赛者
→compete vi.参加比赛；竞争
→competition n.比赛；竞争
→competitive adj.竞争的
32
progression n.发展，变化
→progress n.进步；前进
vi.进步；前进
33
motivation n.动力，积极性
→motivate vt.激励；激发
→motivated adj.主动的；有积极性的
→unmotivated adj.不积极的，不主动的
→motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的
35
34
incredible adj.极好的；难以置信的
→incredibly adv.难以置信地；非常地

extremely adv.极度，极其
→extreme n.极端
adj.极端的
37
36
grateful adj.感激的，感谢的
→gratitude n.感激
→gratefully adv.感激地
practical adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的
→practice n.& v.练习
→practically adv.实际地；切实可行地
39
38
barely adv.几乎不
→bare vt.揭开，脱掉
adj.裸露的；光秃秃的；仅有的，最基本的
reality n.现实；真实
→real adj.真实的；现实的
→really adv.真正地；确实地
→realise vt.实现；意识到
41
40
rude adj.无礼的
→rudely adv.无礼地；粗鲁地
→rudeness n.粗野；无礼；粗鲁
fluency n.流畅，熟练
→fluent adj.流畅的，熟练的
→fluently adv.流利地，熟练地
43
42
sincerely adv.真诚地，由衷地
→sincere adj.真诚的，由衷的
→sincerity n.真挚，诚心诚意
socialise vi.交友；交际；交往
→social adj.社会的；社交的
→socially adv.在社会上；在社交上
→society n.社会；协会 ；社团
45
44
lack vt.缺乏；缺少
n.缺乏；短缺
→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的
→demand vt.强烈要求；需要
n.要求；需求
47
46
appointment n.约定；约会
→appoint v.任命，委派；指定；约定
→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
engagement n.参与；订婚；约定
→engage vt.参与，参加；吸引 ；雇用，聘请
→engaged adj.忙于，从事；已订婚的 ；被占用的，使用中的
49
48
intense adj.紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的
→intensity n.强度；强烈
→intensify vt.加剧，增强

clarity n.清楚，清晰
→clarify vt.澄清，讲清楚，阐明
1.前缀out-表示“超过，胜过；出，外”。如outgoing＝out(外)＋going(进行的)→往外去的→外向的；outstanding＝out(出)＋stand(站立)＋ing(形容词后缀)→出人头地，站得很高→杰出的；outperform ＝out(胜过)＋perform(表演)→胜过，做得比……好。
2.前缀ob-来源于拉丁词ob，意为“toward”，后引申为“逆；反，反对”之意，ob-在c，f，p前面变成oc-，of-，op-，在其他元音字母或其他辅音字母前ob-保持不变，如：obsess＝ob＋sess(坐)→迷得神魂颠倒，坐不住→使迷恋；obey＝ob (toward)＋ey (listen)→服从；object＝ob(反对)＋ject(扔)→反对向……扔→反对。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
3.后缀-fy：后缀-fy与元音i组合，形成特别常用的ify后缀，意为“使成为，使……化”，如：magnify，identify，horrify，simplify。
(1)It seems that the disadvantages often outweigh the advantages of ecotourism.__________________(猜加颜色词义)
(2)As a result of various reasons，nowadays women outlive men by about five to six years._____________
(3)The demonstrators were heavily outnumbered by the police.
________________________
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
胜过，比……更重
比……活得长
(在数量上)压倒，比……多
(4)As far as I am concerned，we mustn’t oppress others and everyone is born equal.____________
(5)Neil did not mean to offend anybody with his joke._____
(6)To recalculate results for particular start and stop times，you can specify a time range for a report.____________________
(7)As far as I am concerned，it is rude of us to uglify others and we should treat others as they are.______
(8)The Energy Department plans to solidify the deadly waste in a high-tech billion-dollar factory._________
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
压迫，欺压
冒犯
明确指出；具体说明
丑化
使固体化
comedian/k 'mi di n/ n.喜剧演员；有趣的人
superiority/su pI ri' r ti/ n.优越感；优秀；优越
verbal/'v b l/ adj.口头的，非书面的
depict/dI'pIkt/ vt.描写，描述，描绘
bump/b mp/ vi.& vt.猛碰，撞；拖拽
1
2
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
3
4
5
incongruity/ Ink n'ɡru ti/ n.不和谐；不合适；不相称
removal/rI'mu v l/ n.除去；消除；清除
detachment/dI't t m nt/ n.超然，客观；分离，脱离
→detached/dI't t t/ adj.冷静的，不动感情的，客观的
conversely/'k nv sli/ adv.相反地；另一方面
6
8
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
7
9
evoke/I'v k/ vt.引起，唤起
(某人强烈的感情或回忆)
exemplify/Iɡ'zemplIfaI/ vt.举例说明；是……的范例
steep/sti p/ adj.(价格、收费等)过高的；
(增加或减小)大幅度的
12
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
11
10
1
2
add up to 合计达；结果是
for the first time 初次，第一次
pour into 投入(倒)……于某物
a couple of 一些，几个；一双，一对
used to 过去经常，曾经
make friends with 和……交朋友
be eager to do 渴望做某事
associate with 与某人交往
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
8
9
10
in reality 实际上；事实上
obsess over 对……过分担心
chatter away 喋喋不休
go without 没有……而勉强应付；没有……也行
on behalf of sb 代表某人
take up 占据
belong to 是……的成员；属于
in contrast to 和……对比
11
12
13
14
15
16
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
I had no idea what hydrogen was，and I didn’t really want to know，either！(what引导的同位语从句)
我不知道氢是什么，而且也不想知道！
I found it all so boring and difficult.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
我觉得这些东西既无聊又难以理解。
Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion！(if only引导的虚拟条件句)
有时(我)甚至想，如果能打电话征求他的意见就好了！
2
3
4
The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored...(the first day引导时间状语从句)
第一天走进我的班级时，他的书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子……
Then we could make sure that we would find the path to success，both at school and in later life，for all of them.(make sure后跟宾语从句)
这样才能确保我们为他们找到通向成功的道路，不管在学业上还是以后的生活中。
5
6
As soon as I open my eyes in the morning，I check through all my social networking apps，read my emails and answer text messages.(as soon as引导时间状语从句)
早上一睁开眼，我就会立刻查看所有社交网络应用程序，阅读电子邮件并回复短信。
...not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.(否定副词位于句首引起部分倒装)
……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。
7
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place.
[句式分析]　此句是_________句。why引导的是_____从句，before引导的是_________从句。
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
主从复合
这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其
未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间要早几十年。
表语
时间状语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.niece n._____________
2.nephew n.___________
3.triangle n._______
4.acid n.____
5.onion n.______
6.feedback n.__________
7.trait n.___________
8.hydrogen n.____
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 词汇默写
侄女，外甥女
侄子，外甥
三角形
酸
洋葱
反馈意见
特性，品质
氢
9.rocket n._____
10.highlight vt._______________
n.___________________
火箭
标出；突出显示
高潮，最精彩的部分
Ⅱ.重点单词
1._________ adj.外向的，好交际的
2._____ n.燃料；刺激性言行
vt.(给……)加燃料；增强，刺激
3.________ vt.处理(难题)；应付(局面)
n.柄，把手
4._________ n.方式，方法；举止；态度 (pl.)礼貌，礼仪
5._______ vt.灌，注，倒
6.__________ adv.持续不断地
outgoing
fuel
handle
manner
pour
constantly
7._____ vt.拖，拉
8.___________ adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的
9._________ adj.敏感的；善解人意的
10._____ n.流动
vi.流，流动
drag
worthwhile
sensitive
flow
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1._________ adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的
→_______ n.羞耻；羞愧感
→_________ adj.可耻的；丢脸的
→__________ adj.不知羞耻的
2.________ adj.紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的
→_________ n.强度；强烈
→_________ vt.加剧，增强
3.__________ vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚；投诉
→__________ n.抱怨；不满；投诉
ashamed
shame
shameful
shameless
intense
intensity
intensify
complain
complaint
4._______ vi.应在(某处)；适应
→__________ n.归属；(pl.)动产，财物
5._________ n.赞许；同意
→________ v.赞许；同意；批准
→__________ adj.赞许的；赞成的
→___________ v.不赞许；不同意
→___________ n.不同意
belong
belonging
approval
approve
approving
disapprove
disapproval
6.________ vi.& vt.保护，保卫
→________ n.保护，保卫
→_________ adj.防御(性)的；戒备的，自卫的
7.________ n.政治，政治活动
→________ adj.政治的
→__________ n.政治家；政客
8.____________ adv.偶尔；偶然
→_________ n.场合，时刻
→__________ adj.偶尔的；偶然的
defend
defence
defensive
politics
political
politician
occasionally
occasion
occasional
9.___________ adj.激起感情的；情感上的；情绪上的
→____________ adv.情感上；情绪上
→_________ n.情感；情绪
10.________ adj.含蓄的；内敛的
→________ n.(野生生物)保护区
vt.保留，保存，储备；预定
→___________ n.保留；(房间、座位等的)预订
emotional
emotionally
emotion
reserved
reserve
reservation
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.__________ n.喜剧演员；有趣的人
2._______ vt.描写，描述，描绘
3.bump vi.& vt.________________
4.removal n.__________________
5.steep adj.__________________________________________
comedian
depict
猛碰，撞；拖拽
除去；消除；清除
(价格、收费等)过高的；(增加或减小)大幅度的
Ⅴ.核心短语
1.__________ 投入(倒)……于某物
2._____________ 与某人交往
3._________________ 和……交朋友
4.__________ 合计达；结果是
5.______________ 渴望做某事
pour into
associate with
make friends with
add up to
be eager to do
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.One of her traits is that she has a sense of ________ so she can explain much knowledge in a __________ way.(humour)
2.Having a passion _____ soccer，the ___________(passion) boy watches every soccer match ____________(passion).
3.My partner _________ reading fiction novels while I had a __________ for Chinese classics.(prefer)
humorous
for
passionate
passionately
preferred
humour
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 语境运用
默写
preference
4.Being an ________________________ by profession，I have acquired a good knowledge of __________ and have a unique approach to _________ children.(educate)
5.Those guys often _______ badly at school and as a result，they are often warned to mind their rude __________.(behave)
6.The school library is __________(access) to us students，so I strongly recommend that we should periodically have access ___ it.
7.I had _________ to give up，but the teacher saw through my ________ and prevented me in time.(intend)
educationalist/educationist
educating
behave
education
behaviour
accessible
to
intended
intention
8.In short，I was so ______ that I had no idea how to relieve my inner _______.(tense)
9.We all thought it incredible that the boy who barely associated ______ others should apply to join the student __________(associate).
10.Not only did these _________(effect) measures have a great effect ____ ocean protection but they also affected individuals’ daily practice.
tense
with
association
tension
effective
on
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.他甚至不知道没有社交网络，他的生活会是什么样子。(what引导的同位语从句) Mark never stops associating with his friends online，checking through all his social networking apps，reading his emails and answering text messages.He even has no idea 1.____________________________________
___________.Since he spends so much time socialising online，he keeps delaying things that are of great importance in his real life.
what his life would be like without social
networking
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.他发现没有社交网络的生活既无聊又没有意义。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 3.要是马克不迷恋网络就好了！(if only引导的虚拟条件句) It’s funny that his friends and he chatter away online so much，but they end up having nothing to say when they meet.He 2.__________________________________________________________.Thus，his parents often complain，“3.____________________
_______________________”
finds life without social networking
boring and meaningless
If only Mark weren’t
addicted to the Internet！
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.wired adj.___________________
2.scroll vi.__________
3.social networking __________
4.laptop n.________________________
5.app n.__________
6.inch n.______
v.______________________
7.booze n.____
8.hard-wired adj.___________________
联网的；极其兴奋的
上下滚动
社交网络
笔记本电脑，便携式电脑
应用程序
英寸
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 词汇默写
(使朝某方向)缓慢移动
酒
硬件控制的；天生的
Ⅱ.重点单词
1.______ vt.使迷恋
2._______ n.百万
3._____ n.朋友，伙伴
4._____ vi.& vt.(使四肢等)弯曲；弯腰；俯身；(使)转弯
5.________ n.截止日期，最后期限
6.______ vi.& vt.努力赢得
n.追逐，追赶
7._______ vi.唠叨，喋喋不休
8.______ vi.& vt.推迟，延期
obsess
million
mate
bend
deadline
chase
delay
chatter
9._____________ adj.令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的
10.______ n.话题，题目
11._________ n.原则；行为准则
12.________ n.差异，差别
vt.形成对比
extraordinary
topic
principle
contrast
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.__________ adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的
→________ vt.分散(注意力)，使分心
→___________ n.使人分心的事物
2.__________ vi.& vt.主宰，支配，控制
→___________ n.控制；统治
→__________ adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的
distracted
distract
distraction
dominate
dominant
domination
3._________ adj.拼命的；绝望的；不顾一切的；极度渴望的
→__________ adv.绝望地；非常
→___________ n.绝望；拼命；不顾一切
4.____________ n.刺激
→_________ vt.刺激；激励；激发
5.___________ n.革新，创新
→__________ adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
→________ vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革
→_________ n.革新者，创新者
desperate
desperately
desperation
stimulation
stimulate
innovation
innovative
innovate
innovator
6.___________ n.动力，积极性
→_________ vt.激励；激发
→__________ adj.主动的；有积极性的
→____________ adj.不积极的，不主动的
→___________ adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的
7.___________ adj.极好的；难以置信的
→__________ adv.难以置信地；非常地
8.__________ adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的
→________ n.& v.练习
→___________ adv.实际地；切实可行地
motivation
motivate
motivated
unmotivated
motivating
incredible
incredibly
practical
practically
practice
9.________ vi.交友；交际；交往
→______ adj.社会的；社交的
→________ adv.在社会上；在社交上
→________ n.社会；协会；社团
10.___________ n.参与；订婚；约定
→________ vt.参与，参加；吸引；雇用，聘请
→_________ adj.忙于，从事；已订婚的；被占用的，使用中的
socialise
social
socially
society
engagement
engage
engaged
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.___________ n.优越感；优秀；优越
2._______ adj.口头的，非书面的
3._______ vt.引起，唤起(某人强烈的感情或回忆)
4.conversely adv.__________________
5.exemplify vt.________________________
superiority
verbal
evoke
相反地；另一方面
举例说明；是……的范例
Ⅴ.核心短语
1.____________ 喋喋不休
2.______________ 代表某人
3.___________ 对……过分担心
4._________ 是……的成员；属于
5.____________ 和……对比
chatter away
on behalf of sb
obsess over
belong to
in contrast to
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It is generally assumed that if you seek after your dream and try your best to _______ it，sooner or later it will ______ become a _______.(real)
2.Mother’s ___________ seemed to have an influence on me and I ended up feeling _________ when she was talking about ___________ affairs.(depress)
3.I’m grateful ___ you and I’m writing to express my sincere _________(grateful) for your timely help.
realise
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 语境运用
默写
really
reality
depression
depressed
depressing
to
gratitude
4.Now that you had decided to keep the ____________ ，it was beyond me why you didn’t turn up at the __________ time.(appoint)
5.Many people appreciated ____________ to the ________ palace ball and accepted the _________　in excitement.(invite)
6.Not only can my sister speak Spanish ________，but she can also speak French with great ________.(fluent)
7.This is a ___________ job which _________ attention and concentration. (demand)
8.All the ____________ fiercely __________ with each other in the ___________ English speech ___________ yesterday.(compete)
appointment
appointed
being invited
inviting
invitation
fluently
fluency
demanding
demands
competitors
competed
competitive
competition
9.The _________ of the international ____________ is capable of __________ the activity perfectly.(organise)
10.I _________ hope that you can accept my _______ apology and that my _________ can win your forgiveness.(sincere)
organiser
organisation
organising
sincerely
sincere
sincerity
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.我发现我奶奶每次见到我都躲着我。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 2.我保证从今天起我再也不说谎了。(make sure后跟宾语从句；否定副词位于句首引起部分倒装) I 1.______________________________
____________ every time she saw me.The weight of my lie to her was becoming unbearable.With a heavy heart，I approached her，and said softly，“I feel terrible about what happened and I deeply regret my action.I 2.___________________
__________________________.”
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
found my grandmother avoiding
make sure that never
meeting me
will I tell a lie from today on
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.祖母一听到我的话，就点了点头，泪水夺眶而出。 (as soon as引导时间状语从句) I struggled to keep my voice steady.3._______________
____________________________，she nodded her head，tears welling up in her eyes.Then she placed a trembling hand on mine，saying，“Thank you for apologizing，my dear.Cheer up，and honesty will never be wrong.” As we sat together，the weight of our conflict disappeared，comfort in the air.
As soon as
Grandmother heard my words
Being an educationalist，I have a niece who is sensitive，outgoing and passionate about organising all kinds of 1._________(activity) and a nephew who has good manners and a sense of humour but lacks 2.__________(confident).When they came to my house for the first time a couple of weeks ago，they were extremely depressed because there was not a laptop in my house and barely did I socialise with others on social networking.3.___ upset them that Wi-Fi was not 4._________(access) to them before 6：00 pm.
activities
confidence
It
词汇串记
accessible
In reality，feeling tense，their reserved mother was desperate 5._______(send) them to my house so that they would not associate with their online mates.Besides，they used to chase after stimulation online，which took up a lot of their time.They were so distracted that they delayed 6.______(do) their homework and even missed the deadline，but they didn’t feel ashamed.Their demanding parents constantly complained about and obsessed 7._____ their behaviour.
to send
doing
over
However，I found my unmotivated nephew had an extraordinary and intense preference for science fiction in contrast to other children，so I handled the problem from a practical and effective angle with the intention of fueling his interest.I made an appointment with him that 8.__ he could give a presentation about the book he had read，I would buy him another science fiction book，which was worthwhile.I expected some wonderful feedback.After all，interest is the 9._____(good) motivation.
if
best
Witnessing her children’s positive progression，my sister was sincerely grateful to me and she 10.________(think) it incredible that her son could pour into reading for hours.Tears flowed down her cheeks.Gaining her approval，I felt I was on top of the world.
thought
返 回
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
adj.感激的，感谢的
(gratitude n.感激 gratefully adv.感激地)
grateful
·be grateful to sb (for sth)(因某事)感激某人
be grateful to do sth因做某事而感激
I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将感激不尽。
·with gratitude感激地
1
(1)In reality，I was also grateful ______(do) my part to help the homeless.
(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)
to do
(2)我热泪盈眶，感激地对出租车司机说：“我非常感谢你为我所做的一切。” (2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
With my eyes brimming with tears，I said to the taxi driver ______________________，“I ______________________ what you have done for me.”
(3)(应用文写作之求助信)如果您能花点时间看一下我的申请表并做些修改，我会很感激的。
____________________________________________ going through my application form and making some changes.
gratefully/with gratitude
am so grateful to you for
I’d be quite grateful if you could spend some time
lack
·(a) lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
·be lacking in在……方面缺乏
vt.缺乏；缺少 n.缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的)
(1)In contrast to my reserved and sensitive niece，my nephew is ________(lack) in motivation.
lacking
2
(2)(话题写作之健康生活)健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。由于缺乏这两者，许多人最终变得身体不健康。
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and ________________.______________________________，many people end up being physically unhealthy.
(3)尽管他们缺乏烹饪经验，双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为妈妈准备一顿特别的早餐。
________________________，the twins still prepared a special breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(现在分词短语作状语)
(a) lack of exercise
Lacking cooking experience
For/Through lack of both of them
access
3
n.进入；通道，入口；接触的机会 vt.到达，进入；访问；获取(计算机数据) (accessible adj.可进入的；可达到的；可使用的；易懂的；平易近人的)
·have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有/获得……的机会；可以接近/进入
give access to准许进入(接近)
·be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
(1)With the development of technology，we can have access __ different means of transportation. (2024·全国甲，书面表达)
(2)在自习室，你可以使用免费Wi-Fi，这方便你做报告。
(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)
In the self-study room，you can __________________ free Wi-Fi，making it convenient for you to give a presentation.
to
access/get access to
upset
4
vt.(upset，upset，upsetting)使生气，使心烦意乱；弄翻，打翻；打乱，扰乱(计划、安排等) adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；(肠胃)不适的
·be upset by/about/at sth为某事心烦
be upset to do sth/that...对做某事感到不安
·What upsets sb is that...让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb to do sth/that...做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是……
(1)I was upset ___________ my son’s rude behaviour in public and I must think of some effective ideas to handle his present situation.
(2)The father was upset ________(know) that his son only used social networking rather than associated with his mates face to face.
(3)既心烦又沮丧，我甚至想中途退出写作比赛，是我的老师激励我坚持我的目标，直到我成功。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
__________________，I even wanted to drop out of the writing contest halfway and it was my teacher who motivated me to stick to my goal until I succeeded.
by/about/at
to know
Upset and depressed
(4)I was upset that my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital. (2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
→______________________ my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(用what引导主语从句改写)
→_______________ my partner came down with a serious illness and was admitted to hospital.(用it作形式主语改写)
What upset me was that
It upset me that
ashamed
·be ashamed to do...耻于做……；因做……而羞愧
be/feel ashamed of...对……感到惭愧/羞耻
·It’s a shame that...……是令人遗憾的事。
adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的 (shame n.羞耻；羞愧感 shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的 shameless adj.不知羞耻的)
(1)It is __ shame that I made a couple of extremely silly mistakes in my class presentation.
a
5
(2)我很惭愧地说我对她撒谎了。换句话说，我为自己的可耻行为感到羞愧，这对我来说是一种耻辱。
__________________ that I lied to her.In other words，__________
_______________________________，which is _____________.
(3)(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
_____________________ I felt as if my heart had been pierced by a knife，tears clouding my eyes.(运用so...that...句型的倒装形式)
I’m ashamed to say
I am/feel
So ashamed was I that
ashamed of my shameful behaviour
a shame to me
demanding
·in demand需求大
meet/satisfy one’s demands for...满足某人对……的需求
·demand to do sth要求做某事
demand that...(should) do sth要求……做某事
adj.要求严格的；费力的(demand vi.& vt.强烈要求；需要 n.要求；需求)
6
(1)It is a fact that those who speak English with fluency are ____ great demand in modern times.
(2)(读后续写片段描写)我要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求，我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走，以防迷路。
I ____________________________ in the mountains._________________
_________，my uncle demanded that _____________________________
_________in case we might get lost.
in
demanded to take a horse ride
To meet/satisfy my
demands
my father and I (should) keep to
the track
manner
in a/an...manner以……的方式
It’s bad/good manners to do sth.做……是没有/有礼貌的。
table manners餐桌礼仪
n.方式，方法；举止；态度 (pl.)礼貌，礼仪
7
(1)It is bad ________(manner) to give feedback by chattering away constantly.
manners
(2)(记叙文之写人)我最尊敬的物理老师总是教我们如何用一种既合乎逻辑又科学的方式解决难题。
The physics teacher I respect most is always ________________________
______________________________________________.
(3)(话题写作之中国礼仪)当你拜访一位中国朋友的时候，带个礼物是有礼貌的，比如一束花。吃饭时，你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。
_____________________________，such as a bunch of flowers，when you visit a Chinese friend.At dinner，_____________________________
___________________.
teaching us how to solve
It’s good manners to bring a gift
you should also pay attention to
difficult problems in a logical and scientific manner
your table manners
associate
·associate...with...把……和……联系在一起
associate with sb与某人交往
·be associated with...与……有关
·in association with...与……合作；与……有关联
vt.与某人交往；联系 (associated adj.有联系的 association n.联系；协会；社团)
(1)In modern times millions of parents obsess over Internet addiction __________(associate) with social networking.They associate their children’s lack of motivation _____ too much exposure to the Internet.
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associated
with
(2)在与外教合作下，位于我们图书馆一楼的英语口语社已经成立了。外教把流利的英语和更积极的练习联系在一起。因此，现在加入我们社团吧，在这里你不仅可以提高英语口语而且可以学会如何与他人交往。
The Spoken English Club situated on the ground floor in our library has been set up _________________ our foreign teachers，who ___________
___________________________________.So join our club right now，where not only can you improve your spoken English but you can also learn _________________________.
in association with
associate
how to associate with others
fluent English with more active practice
belong
·belong to属于
·a sense of belonging归属感
vi.应在(某处)；适应 [belonging n.归属；(pl.)动产，财物]
9
(1)(应用文写作之感谢信)It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates’ approval that I feel a sense of __________(belong).
belonging
(2)The old woman complained that her rude neighbour took away the umbrella that belonged ___ her.
＝The old woman complained that her rude neighbour took away the umbrella __________(belong) to her.
(3)(读后续写之情感描写)Frank was desperate that he lost all his ___________(belong) in the fire and he buried his face in his hands，tears running down his cheeks.
用法点拨　belong to没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。
belonging
belongings
to
approval
10
n.赞许；同意 (approve v.赞许；同意；批准 approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 disapprove v.不赞许；不同意 disapproval n.不同意)
·give one’s approval to sth某人批准某事
·approve of赞成，同意
·disapprove of 不赞成，反对
(1)当你父母不同意你做饭时，我很理解你有多难过，我写信是为了给你一些建议，告诉你如何说服你父母允许你做饭。
(2024·上海6月，书面表达)
I quite understand how upset you were when _______________________
____________________________________________________________，and I am writing to offer you some suggestions on how to convince your parents to permit you to cook.
your parents didn’t
approve of/disapproved of/didn’t give their approval to your cooking
(2)我的老师对我关于如何润色我的原创文章的想法表示赞同，他拍了拍我的肩膀，给了我一个赞许的微笑。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
My teacher ____________________________________ on how to polish my original article and he patted me on the shoulder，______________
_____________________.
casting an
approved of/gave his approval to my idea
approving smile at me
for the first time
初次，第一次
11
in time (for/to do...)及时(赶上/做……)
on time准时；按时
in no time立即，马上
at no time决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
at a time一次
at one time曾经；一度
at times有时
用time的相关短语填空
(1)I clearly remember when I stepped into senior high school ________
__________，I had a mixed feeling of excitement and worry.Being a senior high student，I must attend school _______，so every day I must get up early _________ catch the first class.Once I have made a plan，I must take action __________.Perhaps ________ I will come across difficulties，but _________ should I give up.
(2)___________，I was passionate about chasing stimulation by playing video games and I was so obsessed that I failed the exam ________.So I don’t play them anymore now.
on time
in time to
for the
first time
in no time
at times
at no time
At one time
at a time
find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
I found it all so boring and difficult.我觉得这些东西既无聊又难以理解。
12
doing(表示主动和动作正在进行)
done(表示被动和动作已经完成)
名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
·find＋it＋adj./n.＋to do(it作形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
·find＋宾语＋
(1)As I approached the milking house，I found a bird _______(catch) in spiderwebs and it seemed to be desperately waiting for my help.
(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)
caught
(2)我觉得中文工坊既重要又有意义，因为它为学生提供了一个了解中华文化和欣赏中华文化之美的机会。 (2023·天津6月，书面表达)
I _______________________________________________ because it provides an opportunity for students to learn about Chinese culture and appreciate its beauty.
(3)这位爸爸发现他的孩子们正在准备母亲节早餐，所以他踮着脚进入厨房。
__________________________________________________________，so he tiptoed into the kitchen.
find the Chinese Workshop significant and meaningful
The father found his children preparing a Mother’s Day breakfast
(4)(应用文写作之求助信)我发现适应新的学校生活很难，因此我真诚地寻求您慷慨的帮助。
_________________________________________，so I sincerely ask for your generous assistance.
用法点拨　该结构中宾语是oneself时，常表示主语“不知不觉发现自己……”。
I find it difficult to adapt to the new school life
否定副词位于句首引起部分倒装
13
...not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。
否定副词或者短语位于句首常常引起句子的部分倒装，常见的否定副词或短语有：
not，never，neither，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，by no means，on no account，in no case，under no circumstances，no sooner...等。
(1)(读后续写之愤怒描写)我从来没有这么生气过，所以他一放开我，我就像箭一样冲出门。我对自己发誓：“我决不再回来了。”
__________________________，so no sooner ______________________ I rushed out of the door like an arrow.I swore to myself，“By no means ____________.”
(2)老师鼓舞人心的话语在她的脑海里回响：“在解决你的问题之前，你绝不能放弃。” (2024·浙江1月，读后续写)
The teacher’s inspiring words echoed in her mind，“_________________
______________________________________________________________
____before solving your problem.”
Never had I been so annoyed
had he let go of me than
By no means/In no
will I return
way/On no account/In no case/Under no circumstances should you give
up
(3)我几乎没有想到我能在最后一刻赶到汽车站，我向Gunter投去感激的微笑。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Hardly __________________________________________ at the last minute and I cast a grateful smile at Gunter.
did I think that I could make it to the bus station
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1.She angled① the ladder at an angle② of 30 degrees，but from my personal angle③，this was inappropriate.
①_______　②_____　③_____________
2.His cruel fuel① greatly fueled② my emotion，so I got on my car to get away from my home.But my car lacked fuel③ and I must immediately
fuel④ my car.Otherwise my car would break down halfway.
①____________　②_____________　③_______　④________________
vt.斜置
n.角
n.角度，观点
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
n.刺激性言行
vt.增强，刺激
n.燃料
vt.(给……)加燃料
3.Having eaten some bad food，I had an upset① stomach at midnight and I was about to reach out to turn on the light when I upset② my glass cup full of water on the bedside table，which made me extremely upset③.What happened completely upset④ my initial plan to visit the city museum，which upset⑤ me very much.
①________________　②______________　③______________________　④______________　⑤_____________________
adj.(肠胃)不适的
vt.弄翻，打翻
adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的
vt.打乱，扰乱
vt.使生气，使心烦意乱
4.My physics teacher has to raise① three children and unluckily，his father was seriously ill.Our head teacher made us raise② some practical ways to help him，so I raised③ my hand to suggest raising④ some money for him in our class and our school.
①_______　②_____________　③_______　④_________
5.The host① country France hosted② a host③ of events in the 2024 Paris Olympics；many people watched a live football match hosted④ by a famous host⑤.
①_________　②_______　③_____________　④_______　⑤_________
vt.养育
vt.提出，提起
vt.举起
vt.筹(款)
n.东道主
vt.主办
n.许多，大量
vt.主持
n.主持人
6.If you desire to visit the national wildlife reserve①，you must reserve② tickets in advance either online or in the registration office.But a small part of tickets are reserved③ for special guests.
①___________________　②_______　③___________________
n.(野生生物)保护区
vt.预定
vt.保留，保存，储备
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.The __________(passion) speech caused us to reflect on what we had done to the globe.
2.My father likes historical books，but ___________(occasional) he will show an interest in comic fiction.
3.I was grateful ___ his timely help and expressed my gratitude ___ him in person.
4.A lack ___ evidence made it difficult for him to prove his innocence.
5.Moreover，people in remote areas have no easy access ___ 5G systems with the advanced technology.
passionate
occasionally
for
to
of
to
6.Though we are a little upset ___________ the unpleasant feedback，it can help us handle problems more effectively.
7.I didn’t work out the maths problem on the blackboard，and I felt ashamed ___ it.
8.We couldn’t finish the ___________(demand) task on time，which was totally beyond our reach.
9.It is bad _________(manner) to argue with your teachers or parents in public.
10.My sister’s recommendation was that I should apply to join the student ___________(associate).
about/by/at
of
demanding
manners
association
11.Normally，we will defend all the things _________(belong) to us from being taken away.
12.So far we have organised a number of activities with the ________(intend) of promoting the friendship between the two companies.
13.If only I _____________(not ignore) the advice that my partner offered to me!
14.As a result，he complained to me ________ his child’s terrible behavior at table.
15.Learning that you didn’t gain your parents’ _________(approve)，I am writing to recommend you to do the following things.
belonging
approval
intention
hadn’t ignored
of/about
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Part Three
应用文增分练
人际关系
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你班从外地转来一名新同学李明，他一时无法融入新的班集体中，感到很苦恼。请用英语写一封信，表达你对李明的关心，并提出你的建议。内容提要：
1.表示关心；
2.提出建议；
3.表达期望。
1.使你心烦意乱的是你在新学校没有归属感。(upset；belonging)
_______________________________________________________________
2.如果你学会说普通话，并与同学交换意见，你会发现结识新朋友很容易。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
_______________________________________________________________
3.如果你更喜欢打篮球，我会定期邀请你一起参加和其他学校合作的篮球比赛。(in association with)
______________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.从现在起，无论你什么时候遇到困难，你都不应该放弃，同时，你可以毫不犹豫地向我求助。(on no account置于句首引起的倒装句)
______________________________________________________________
5.只有接受以上建议，你的尴尬局面才能得到改善。(only if引导的倒装句)
______________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Dear Li Ming，
What upsets you is that you don’t have a sense of belonging in the new school.I am terribly sorry to hear that and I am quite anxious for you.
First and foremost，you will find it easy to make new friends if you learn to speak Putonghua and compare notes with your classmates. Additionally，if you prefer playing basketball，I will regularly invite you to participate in basketball matches in association with other schools.Of course，whenever you come across difficulties from now on，on no account should you give up and meanwhile，you can turn to me for help without hesitation.
应用文增分练
参考范文
From my point of view，only if you take the above suggestions can you have your awkward situation improved.Looking forward to your living a comfortable life here as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
亮词 [动作描写]　host；pour；drag；access；handle；raise；highlight；flow；associate；obsess；dominate；chase；chatter；bend；complain；organise；defend
[人物描写]　humour；passionate；behaviour；outgoing；sensitive；reserved；distracted；extraordinary；rude；alcoholic；manner；unmotivated；educationalist；competitor
[情感描写]　ashamed；demanding；grateful；depressed；desperate；upset；sincerely
美句 1.I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket，and then another student lit a match to set it off.(动作描写)
2.The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored，but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion，he gave me his full attention.(动作描写)
3.When it was charged，she just spent hours reading about her favourite popstar；not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.(动作描写)
情感细节描写：感激与感动
单词 appreciate vt.感激→appreciation n.感激
thankful adj.感激的→thankfully adv.感激地→thanks n.感激；感谢
move/touch vt.使感动→moving/touching adj.令人感动的→moved/touched adj.感动的
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词块 shed tears of gratitude 留下感激的泪水　be moved/touched to tears 感动得落泪　have deep gratitude towards...对……深怀感激　with gratitude/appreciation 感激地　owe sb a lot/a great deal 非常感激某人　be deeply moved/touched by...被……深深感动
句型 A wave of warmth welled up/rose in her heart.(无灵主语句)
一股暖流涌上她的心头。
With tears streaming down her face/With tears dropping from her eyes，she thanked him again and again with a lump in her throat.(with复合结构)
她泪流满面/热泪夺眶而出，哽咽着一遍又一遍地感谢他。
Deeply moved/touched/affected by what he had done，I felt tears rolling/flowing/pouring down without control.(过去分词短语作状语)他的所作所为深深打动了我，我的眼泪无法控制地滚落下来。
句型 A feeling of warmth sweeping over Peter on the cold day，he began to believe there was kindness in every corner.(独立主格)
寒冷的天气里，一种温暖的感觉席卷了彼得，他开始相信人间处处有善意。
主题：人际交往
Depressed and upset，I bent my head and dragged my feet in the new school.①___________________________________(形容词短语作状语)，I was dominated by limitless sadness.It was at that time that ②__________________________________________ caught up with me.
我感到沮丧和不安，低着头，拖着我的脚走在新学校里。无法应对苛刻的挑战，我被无尽的悲伤所控制。就在那个时候，我外向、体贴、热情的班长追上了我。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
Unable to handle demanding challenges
my outgoing，sensitive and passionate monitor
Possessing a sense of humour，he told me funny stories to raise my spirit.③______________________________________________(过去分词短语作状语)，I felt tears pouring down without control.I thanked him again and again ④_______________________(with复合结构).
他很有幽默感，给我讲有趣的故事以振奋我的精神。他的所作所为深深打动了我，我的眼泪无法控制地流了下来。我哽咽着一次又一次地感谢他。
Deeply moved/touched/affected by what he had done
with a lump in my throat
⑤__________________________________(独立主格)，I began to believe there was kindness in every corner.We became good friends，comforting and encouraging each other.
一种温暖的感觉席卷了我，我开始相信人间处处有善意。我们成了好朋友，互相安慰，互相鼓励。
A feeling of warmth sweeping over me
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