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选择性必修第一册 UNIT 3 CONSERVATION(二)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东菏泽模拟预测)
The Arctic(北极) is heating up at a ①breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth.And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought.Over the last four decades，the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average，researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment.
And that’s just on average.Some parts of the Arctic Ocean，such as the Barents Sea between Russia and Norway’s Svalbard Archipelago，are warming as much as seven times as fast，meteorologist Mika Rantanen of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Helsinki and colleagues found.Previous studies have tended to say that the Arctic’s average temperature is increasing two to three times as fast as elsewhere，as humans continue causing the climate to change.
To calculate the true pace of the accelerated warming，a phenomenon called Arctic amplification(放大)，the researchers analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021.Globally，the average temperature increasing over that time was about 0.2℃ per decade.But the Arctic was warming by about 0.75℃ per decade.
“Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming，” Rantanen said.The ②inability of the models to realistically simulate past Arctic amplification calls into question how well the models can ③project future changes there.
It’s not clear where the problem lies.One issue may be that the models are struggling with correctly reproducing the sensitivity of Arctic temperatures to the loss of sea ice.Disappearing snow and ice，particularly sea ice，is one big reason why the Arctic is warming at this speed.The bright white snow and ice create a reflective barrier that bounces incoming radiation from the sun back into space.But open ocean waters or bare rocks absorb that heat，raising the temperature.
1．Which of the following can best describe the Arctic temperature
A．It has come to its peak.
B．It has stopped increasing.
C．It is becoming as high as the global average.
D．It is increasing faster than other regions.
2．How did the researchers find out the true speed of Arctic warming
A．By referring to a theory.
B．By concluding different views.
C．By analyzing previous data.
D．By monitoring the temperature change.
3．What can we know from the last two paragraphs
A．The climate models are out of date.
B．Snow and ice absorb more heat than sea water.
C．It’s hard for the climate models to correctly predict the future Arctic temperature.
D．It’s clear how Arctic temperatures reacted to the loss of sea ice.
4．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure.
C．A geography textbook. D．A computer magazine.
语境猜词 ①breakneck(合)＝break＋neck ②inability(派)＝in＋ability ③project(转)n.→v.
B
(2025·广东深圳期末)
While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala，researchers detected an ancient Maya site.“We can now see the entire landscape of the Maya region” in this section of Guatemala，said Carlos Morales-Aguilar，one of the researchers from the Department of Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.
The findings were the result of the survey using lidar(激光雷达)，or light detection and ranging，which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites.In lidar，lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to create imagery of a landscape.The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in Maya site，as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy，the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.
The lidar data showed “for the first time an area that was integrated politically and economically，and never seen before in other places in the Western Hemisphere(西半球)，” Carlos wrote in the study.Using data from the scans，the team identified more than 1,000 settlements dotting the region.They were ①interconnected by 100 miles of causeways that the Maya likely traveled on foot.They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids，along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.
So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to settle there in the first place
“For the Maya，the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the ‘Goldilocks Zone’，” Ross Ensley wrote，partner of Carlos，a geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in Houston，Texas.“The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.” Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs.They provided a source for limestone，their primary building material，and dry land to live on.The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps(沼泽)，which provided space for wetland agriculture as well as ②organic-rich soil for use in terraced agriculture.
Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.
5．Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey
A．It detects a wide range of lasers.
B．It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C．It passes lights through forests easily.
D．It improves the visibility of rainforests.
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Why Maya drew great attention.
B．How Maya people made a living.
C．The research process after surveying the Maya.
D．The findings through observing the Maya region.
7．What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley
A．They transformed the land to survive.
B．They were good at upland agriculture.
C．They preferred to build houses using limestone.
D．They made a sound choice about where to settle.
8．Which is the best title for the text
A．The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People
B．The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization
C．Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements
D．Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests
语境猜词 ①interconnect(派)＝inter＋connect ②organic-rich(合)＝organic＋rich
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
In modern life，stress has become an unwelcome companion for many.According to a survey conducted in 2023,91 percent of adults reported experiencing high or extreme levels of stress. 1 One alternative gaining popularity is wellness tourism，praised as the fastest-growing sector in the travel industry.
The change of scenery and ①adventurous nature of an active holiday can lead to an overall change in the dominant chemicals in our brain，triggering releases of dopamine(多巴胺)． 2 We often see dopamine travel as a complete distraction from everyday life，which promotes meaning or growth.Besides，such a form of travel has been proven to increase feelings of well-being，as well as increases in general activity level. 3 This is particularly present for outdoor trips such as mountaineering or skiing where a sense of accomplishment can lead to long lasting increases in self worth and confidence.
4 Oliver Brendon，CEO of Attraction Tickets Ltd adds：“The dopamine travel trend is ②centered on immersing yourself in exciting landscapes，which is why the ③brightly-colored theme parks such as Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando Resort make such popular destinations.”
For more mindful moments，surrounding yourself in nature can create a sense of adventure and escape unlike traditional wellness getaways. 5 Going sailing on the tranquil lazy river at Discovery Cove is another wise choice.
A．Consider choosing experiences like swimming with sea life.
B．Try riding the popular roller coaster at Disney’s Hollywood Studios.
C．These benefits have been reported as lasting up to a long post-holiday time.
D．This effect of certain holidays has coined a new travel trend—dopamine travel.
E．As we struggle with this stress，promoting our well-being has become most significant.
F．It’s evident that we are increasingly seeking comfort and refreshment in holiday experiences.
G．Just as other dopamine trends encourage bright colors，our environments also play a vital role.
语境猜词 ①adventurous(派)＝adventur(e)＋ous ②center(转)n.→v. ③brightly-colored(合)＝brightly＋colored
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏南京二模)
On February 17th，the Clermont County Animal Shelter，Ohio，shared a story.A woman met with her missing dog Will again.
While 1 the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community，Hannah saw a dog named Rome that was to be available at the shelter’s weekend 2 event and that dog looked quite 3 .
Hannah explained in her post that Will，a six-year-old，went missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere，they couldn’t 4 their missing baby.
A shelter volunteer said，“Just yesterday we 5 a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description of Will’s 6 in the hope that the dog brought to our shelter and ①renamed Rome was 7 Will！” But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today! Learning this，the volunteer，in a bit of 8 quickly sent a message back that Rome would be at the event! “We would love this family to be 9 and we just had to 10 whether this was Will after all these years！” It turned out a big yes.The volunteer continued，“The 11 story serves as a reminder of the ②incredible impact that the Internet can have in bringing communities together，especially in times of 12 .Thank you all for 13 Will’s post.”
It was ③nothing short of a 14 and we are sure Hannah and her family are 15 to have their dog back!
1．A.commenting on B．checking out
C．speaking of D．looking for
2．A.celebration B．adoption
C．demonstration D．recommendation
3．A.dynamic B．lovely
C．familiar D．friendly
4．A.shelter B．describe
C．forget D．locate
5．A.received B．forwarded
C．left D．delivered
6．A.duties B．achievements
C．owner D．appearance
7．A.possibly B．obviously
C．actually D．typically
8．A.hesitation B．guilt
C．anger D．panic
9．A.popular B．thankful
C．supportive D．reunited
10．A.guess B．know
C．discuss D．doubt
11．A.heart-warming B．mind-bending
C．convincing D．entertaining
12．A.danger B．need
C．happiness D．uncertainty
13．A.sharing B．reading
C．revising D．saving
14．A.connection B．treasure
C．wonder D．success
15．A.excited B．motivated
C．amused D．flushed
语境猜词 ①rename(派)＝re＋name ②incredible(派)＝in＋credible ③nothing short of
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Meat，milk，cheese—just some of the things provided by goats.But now we can also add fire safety to this list.Wildfires 1. (make) possible by hot，dry weather conditions as well as a supply of dead vegetation that serves as fuel.We may have limited control over the first factor,2. we can control the second.Reducing the fuel load ①lowers the probability of wildfires occurring，as well as the amount of damage 3. (cause)．This is where we can turn to goats to provide a 4. (solve)．Goats have an 5. (extreme) powerful ②digestive system.Much vegetation that are toxic(有毒的) to other animals can be eaten by goats.It’s not just fully-grown plants 6. goats are able to deal with：any seeds that pass through a goat will not grow.Human ③clearance teams worry about 7. (send) to hard-to-reach vegetation patches(土地) while goats don’t.They are skilled mountain climbers and when standing on their hind(后面的) legs，they can reach up to two meters to eat shrubs and grass that humans would struggle 8. (reach)．Because of this，using goats can reduce both workplace accidents and the amount of money spent 9. fire protection measures.Goatherds have been found to clear some patches of land for 10. third of the price of human vegetation control teams.
语境猜词 ①lower(转)adj.→v. ②digestive(派)＝digest＋ive ③clearance(派)＝clear＋ance
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.飞速惊险的　②n.无力；无能　③预计，推断
B．①v.使互相连接　②adj.富含有机物的
Ⅱ.①adj.冒险的　②以……为中心　③adj.色彩鲜艳的
Ⅲ.①v.重新命名　②adj.令人难以置信的　③简直是；无异于
Ⅳ.①降低　②adj.消化的　③n.清理
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了北极地区气候飞速变暖的现象，并探讨了造成这种现象的原因。
1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Over the last four decades，the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average...”可知，北极的温度的增长速度比其他地区快。故选D。]
2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“To calculate the true pace...analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021.”可知，研究人员通过分析以前的数据来查明北极变暖的真实速度。故选C。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming，’．..project future changes there.”可知，气候模型很难正确预测未来北极的温度。故选C。]
4．A　[文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据第一段可知，本文说明了北极地区的气候变化及其原因，是科研性质的主题，因此最可能出自一篇研究论文。故选A。]
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处玛雅人遗址，并介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察该遗址地的发现。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in Maya site，as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy，the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.”可知，研究人员在调查中使用激光雷达是因为它能轻易地将光线穿过森林。故选C。]
6．D　[段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Using data from the scans，the team identified more than 1,000 settlements dotting the region.They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways...They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids，along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.”可知，第三段的主要内容是研究团队通过观察玛雅地区获得的发现。故选D。]
7．D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.”可推知，玛雅人对在哪里定居做出了明智的选择。故选D。]
8．C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala，researchers detected an ancient Maya site.”以及第二段中的“The findings were the result of the survey using lidar(激光雷达)，or light detection and ranging，which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites.”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处玛雅人遗址，并介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察该遗址地的发现。故C选项“激光雷达的革命性使用揭示了玛雅定居点”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。]
Ⅱ.1.E　2.D　3.C　4.G　5.A　
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个感人的故事，一位妇女在多年后重新找回了她失踪的狗威尔。这个故事展示了互联网在帮助人们团聚方面的巨大力量，尤其是在需要帮助的时候。
1．B　[comment on对……进行评论；check out查看；speak of说起；look for寻找。根据下文“the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community，Hannah saw a dog”可知，Hannah在查看社区朋友转发的收容所的帖子。故选B。]
2．B　[celebration庆祝；adoption收养；demonstration展示；recommendation推荐。根据第四段中“But Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today！”可知，这只狗要出现在收养活动中。故选B。]
3．C　[dynamic动态的；lovely可爱的；familiar熟悉的；friendly友好的。根据第四段中的“whether this was Will after all these years”和“It turned out a big yes.”可知，Rome就是Will，所以Hannah看到Rome的照片觉得很熟悉。故选C。]
4．D　[shelter躲避；describe描述；forget忘记；locate确定……的位置。根据上文“went missing from her home in 2019.Although her family looked everywhere，they couldn’t”可知，虽然Hannah的家人到处找，但是没找到他们的狗。故选D。]
5．A　[receive收到；forward促进，推进；leave离开；deliver递送。根据下文“a message accompanied by photos with a detailed description”和“sent a message back”可知，收容所是收到了一条消息。故选A。]
6．D　[duty职责；achievement成就；owner主人；appearance外表。根据上文“photos with a detailed description of Will’s”可知，照片上详细描述了Will的外表，这样收容所的人才能判断Rome是不是Will。故选D。]
7．C　[possibly可能；obviously显然；actually实际上，事实上；typically一般，通常。根据上文“the dog brought to our shelter and renamed Rome”和下文“Will”可知，此处表示“希望这只被带到我们收容所并更名为Rome的狗真的是Will”。故选C。]
8．D　[hesitation犹豫；guilt愧疚；anger愤怒；panic恐慌。根据上文“Rome was scheduled to be at the Take Me Home event today”可知，Rome要参加收养活动了，可能会被人收养，所以志愿者有点恐慌。故选D。]
9．D　[popular流行的；thankful感激的；supportive支持的；reunited团聚的。根据第三段中“Will，a six-year-old，went missing from her home”可知，Will从它的家里走失了，所以志愿者是希望这个家庭能够团聚。故选D。]
10．B　[guess猜测；know知道；discuss讨论；doubt怀疑。根据下文“whether this was Will after all these years”可知，志愿者想要知道这么多年后这条狗是不是Will。故选B。]
11．A　[heart-warming感人的；mind-bending使人极度兴奋的；convincing令人信服的；entertaining娱乐的。根据上文“It turned out a big yes.”可知，Rome真的就是走失很久的Will，这是一个感人的故事。故选A。]
12．B　[danger危险；need需要；happiness快乐；uncertainty不确定。根据上文“the incredible impact that the Internet can have in bringing communities together”可知，互联网在将社区团结在一起方面具有不可思议的影响，尤其是在需要帮助的时候。故选B。]
13．A　[share分享；read读；revise修改；save救。根据第二段中“the shelter’s post forwarded by friends in her community”可知，Hannah刚开始是看到了社区里的朋友们发的帖子，朋友们发帖也就是分享帖子。故选A。]
14．C　[connection连接；treasure财宝；wonder奇迹；success成功。根据上一段中“It turned out a big yes.”可知，Rome真的就是走失很久的Will，这简直是一个奇迹。故选C。]
15．A　[excited激动的；motivated有……动机的；amused被逗乐的；flushed脸红的。根据下文“have their dog back”可知，走失多年的狗又回来了，这家人当然会感到激动。故选A。]
Ⅳ.1.are made　2.but/yet　3.caused　4.solution　5.extremely
6．that　7.being sent　8.to reach　9.on　10.a/one选择性必修第一册 UNIT 3 CONSERVATION(一)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·全国甲)
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry，it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However，when a cat is looking for affection，they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.
Cats have many ①heightened senses，but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will ②sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However，another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats，which they don’t usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物)．Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their ③nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
1．What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph
A．It’s a survival skill.
B．It’s taught by mother cats.
C．It’s hard to interpret.
D．It’s getting louder with age.
2．How does a pet cat assess different situations
A．By listening for sounds.
B．By touching familiar objects.
C．By checking on smells.
D．By communicating with other cats.
3．Which best explains the phrase “take...up notch” in paragraph 3
A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster.
C．Act strangely. D．Do better.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B．Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C．Have Fun with Your Cat
D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
语境猜词 ①heightened(派)＝height＋en＋ed ②sniff(转)n.→v. ③nature(熟义：n.自然) 生义(文义)：
B
(2025·湖南邵阳联考)
Antarctica，the southernmost continent on Earth and a frozen continent，remains a mysterious and original land，buried in ice and surrounded by a vast，①inhospitable ocean，which is often shrouded(隐藏) in mystery and intrigue.It holds a wealth of scientific wonders waiting to be explored.With the aid of cutting-edge technology，researchers have delved into its icy depths，uncovering the secrets of this remote and pristine(原始的) wilderness.
At the ②forefront of Antarctic exploration are advanced satellite imaging systems.These orbiting wonders provide detailed maps of the continent’s surface，allowing scientists to monitor changes in ice coverage and track the movements of glaciers with ③unprecedented accuracy.Such data is crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change on Antarctica’s delicate ecosystem and predicting future sea-level rise.
In addition to satellites，autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) play a key role in Antarctic research.These robotic submarines are equipped with an array of sensors and cameras，enabling them to navigate beneath the ice shelves and explore previously inaccessible regions.By collecting data on water temperature，salinity，and marine life，AUVs offer invaluable insights into the dynamics of Antarctic Ocean currents and the habitats of its unique marine species.
Furthermore，drones have revolutionized scientific fieldwork in Antarctica.These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for conducting aerial surveys of vast ice sheets and capturing high-resolution imagery of remote locations.By providing researchers with real-time data and imagery，drones facilitate rapid assessments of environmental changes and aid in the study of wildlife populations，from penguins to seals.
Despite the remarkable advancements in technology，conducting research in Antarctica remains a huge challenge due to its extreme weather conditions and remote location.However，through cooperative efforts and innovative approaches，scientists continue to push the boundaries of exploration，uncovering the mysteries of Antarctica and advancing our understanding of the Earth’s climate system.
5．What technology is primarily used for monitoring changes in ice coverage in Antarctica
A．Drones.
B．Submersible robots.
C．Satellite imaging systems.
D．Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)．
6．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph
A．Exploring and research on Antarctica is an easy task.
B．Scientific fieldwork in Antarctica is hard to continue.
C．Drones play a significant part in scientific fieldwork in Antarctica.
D．AUVs capture high-resolution imagery of remote locations.
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the research in Antarctica
A．Objective. B．Subjective.
C．Suspicious. D．Indifference.
8．What would be the most suitable title for the text
A．The Challenges of Antarctic Exploration
B．Traditional Methods of Antarctic Research
C．The Environmental Impact of Satellite Imaging
D．The Technological Wonders of Exploring Antarctica
语境猜词 ①inhospitable(派)＝in＋hospitable ②forefront(派)＝fore＋front ③unprecedented(派)＝un＋precedent＋ed
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
The harsh winters and modern cities can make life tough for a wild animal，especially when they get lost and are outside their natural habitat for too long.Animal shelters are crowded with animals in ①desperate need of help，especially during the winter season. 1
One day，a man found a small owl(猫头鹰) that was soaking wet and appeared to be struggling.He brought it into a local shelter. 2 The little owl was unable to fly，not because of an injury，but because it was too fat.
The owl weighed 245 grams，which was 33% more than the upper limit of what an owl that size should weigh.The reason for the weight gain was quite natural.The owl was eating too much.The winter had been unusually warm，and as a result，the area had a higher than normal population of mice. 3 So it got carried away.
The shelter staff put the owl on a ②systematic plan of diet and exercise，and it started to lose weight quickly.After some time，the owl was back to its normal health and was released back into the wild.
The question of whether this obesity issue is a strange result of climate change or just a coincidence(巧合) is difficult to say. 4 Wild animals are not used to living in modern cities，and they often struggle to survive.Luckily，there are many animal shelters that offer refuge for these animals.These shelters help restore them to their natural condition and put them back into the wild.
5 Some focus on specific animals，such as owls，while others focus on a particular region.However，they all have the same goal—to provide a safe haven for wild animals.
A．Different types of animal shelters have different purposes.
B．Animal shelters are not just a place for injured or sick animals.
C．This meant that it was like an all-you-can-eat buffet for the little owl.
D．They are really important when animals struggle to survive in cold weather.
E．After a thorough check-up，the shelter staff found out that it was not injured at all.
F．However，it is clear that it is vital to care for wild animals and to ensure their safety.
G．However，recently，a wild animal was brought to a shelter for a very different reason.
语境猜词 ①desperate(熟义：adj.绝望的) 生义(文义)： ②systematic(派)＝system＋atic
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago，I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France，but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 ，Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy，I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of Italian together，the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 .After I made Italy my permanent home，I discovered how 6 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a ①foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach，and nowhere ②fuels my 9 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 10 ，and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families 11 for big meals on Sundays，birthdays，and whatever other excuses they can 12 .These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy.Whatever 14 life in Italy might have，the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
1．A.study B．rent
C．visit D．settle
2．A.planned B．struggled
C．refused D．happened
3．A.string B．hang
C．mix D．match
4．A.improved B．assessed
C．admired D．praised
5．A.course B．barrier
C．area D．test
6．A.open-minded B．strong-willed
C．warm-hearted D．③well-informed
7．A.remind B．allow
C．persuade D．order
8．A.tricks B．promises
C．acts D．duties
9．A.ambition B．success
C．appetite D．growth
10．A.costume B．dish
C．symbol D．tale
11．A.gather B．cheer
C．leave D．wait
12．A.put up with B．stand up for
C．come up with D．make up for
13．A.signaled B．confirmed
C．represented D．accompanied
14．A.disadvantages B．meanings
C．surprises D．opportunities
15．A.created B．forgotten
C．understood D．identified
语境猜词 ①foodie(派)＝food＋ie ②fuel(转)n.→v. ③well-informed(合＋派)＝well＋inform＋ed
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·甘肃武威凉州区模拟预测)
New Year pictures are an ancient Chinese folk art.1. (date) from the Song Dynasty，they reflect the customs and beliefs of the people.New Year pictures，as their name suggests,2. (create) especially to celebrate the Lunar New Year holiday.The custom is popular with the people in the countryside,3. will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking 4. (vary) pictures on their doors，windows，walls，and stoves at the Spring Festival.They are often updated 5. (annual)，meaning “say goodbye to the past and welcome the future”．
Traditional New Year pictures，famous for simple lines，brilliant colors and scenes of prosperity，have the 6. (feature) of both ①woodcut prints and Chinese paintings，making a special branch in traditional folk art.New Year pictures are produced in all regions in China with different local characteristics 7. (meet) the specific needs of the vast rural population.
Besides，②viewed 8. the symbol of good luck and happiness，New Year pictures cover 9. wide range of themes，but the message in all pictures is related to nice things in the wish of the people.There are more and more new materials for New Year pictures.Meanwhile，New Year pictures 10. (become) a hot collectors’ item for both Chinese and foreigners in recent years.
语境猜词 ①woodcut(合)＝wood＋cut ②view(转)n.→v.
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.提高的；加强的　②闻；嗅　③n.本性
B．①adj.不适于居住的；荒凉的　②n.前沿　③adj.前所未有的
Ⅱ.①adj.极严重的；很危急的　②adj.系统的；有计划的
Ⅲ.①n.美食家　②刺激　③adj.消息灵通的，见多识广的
Ⅳ.①n.木刻；木版画　②看待
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
1．A　[推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二、三句可知，宠物猫通过叫声吸引注意力、获取食物和寻求关爱；最后一句指出猫从一出生就用叫声吸引猫妈妈的注意，并得到食物。综上可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。]
2．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。]
3．D　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit...”可知，狗擅长取回东西，画线部分所在句的下文提到猫会从外面给它们的主人带回礼物来表达它们对主人的爱，这是它们与生俱来的本能，由此可知，在从外面带回物品这方面，猫将这一行为提到了一个更高的层次。do better与画线部分意思最接近。故选D。]
4．B　[标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，文章介绍和解释了猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。由此可知，“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior”适合作本文标题。故选B。]
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the forefront of Antarctic exploration are advanced satellite imaging systems.These orbiting wonders provide detailed maps of the continent’s surface，allowing scientists to monitor changes in ice coverage and track...”可知，卫星成像系统为科学家提供了详细的南极大陆表面地图，以便他们监测冰盖变化并跟踪冰川的运动。故选C。]
6．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段“Furthermore，drones have revolutionized scientific fieldwork...These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for conducting...and capturing...By providing researchers with real-time data and imagery，drones facilitate rapid assessments of...”可推知，无人机在南极洲科考工作中起着非常重大的作用。故选C。]
7．A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Despite the remarkable advancements in technology，conducting research in Antarctica remains a huge challenge due to its extreme weather conditions and remote location.”可推知，作者对在南极进行研究持有客观的态度。故选A。]
8．D　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“With the aid of cutting-edge technology，researchers have delved into its icy depths，uncovering the secrets of this remote and pristine(原始的) wilderness.”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了南极探险中使用的先进技术。由此可知，D项“The Technological Wonders of Exploring Antarctica”最适合作本文标题。故选D。]
Ⅱ.1.G　2.E　3.C　4.F　5.A
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，中等难度。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。
1．D　[study学习；rent租用；visit游览；settle定居。根据上文的“I decided to buy a house in Europe”以及空白处前表示转折的but可知，虽然作者喜欢在法国旅行，但是最终还是选择在意大利定居。下文的“I made Italy my permanent home”亦有提示。故选D。]
2．B　[plan计划；struggle斗争，吃力地进行；refuse拒绝；happen出现，发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。]
3．A　[string串起，把……连在一起；hang悬挂；mix混合；match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。]
4．D　[improve改进；assess评估；admire钦佩；praise赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。]
5．B　[course课程；barrier障碍；area区域；test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and ________ my language skills.That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人的鼓励帮助作者克服了语言障碍。故选B。]
6．C　[open-minded思想开明的；strong-willed意志坚定的；warm-hearted热心的；well-informed见多识广的。根据下文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ____ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指作者发现意大利人都很热心。故选C。]
7．A　[remind提醒；allow允许；persuade说服；order命令。根据上文“I discovered how ________ Italians are”以及“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在快要下雨的时候会来作者家门前提醒作者关上车窗。故选A。]
8．C　[trick技巧；promise承诺；act行为；duty职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese... ______ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。]
9．C　[ambition雄心；success成功；appetite食欲；growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知，作者是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。]
10．B　[costume服装；dish菜肴；symbol符号；tale故事。结合上下文可知，本段内容与意大利饮食有关。再结合下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利的每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴。故选B。]
11．A　[gather聚集；cheer欢呼；leave留下；wait等待。根据下文的“These meals are always ________ by laughter and joy.”和“a big meal with friends and family”可知，意大利家庭热爱聚餐，并享受这种美食文化。故选A。]
12．C　[put up with容忍；stand up for支持；come up with想出；make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出各种理由。故选C。]
13．D　[signal示意；confirm确认；represent代表；accompany伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“be accompanied by”译为“伴随着”。故选D。]
14．A　[disadvantage缺点；meaning意义；surprise惊喜；opportunity机会。根据下文“the problems”可推知，此处指不论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。]
15．B　[create创建；forget忘记；understand理解；identify确认。根据下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记那些不愉快。故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.Dating　2.are created　3.who　4.various/varied　5.annually
6．features　7.to meet　8.as　9.a　10.have becomeⅠ.阅读单词——会意
1．item　　　　　n．一项，一条
2．rhino n．犀牛
3．horn n．(牛、羊等头上的)角
4．asteroid n．小行星
5．solar adj.太阳光(能)的
6．hatch vi.& vt.(使)孵化
7．packet n．小包，小盒
8．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
9．coconut n．椰子
10．shell n．壳；贝壳
11．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
12．refillable adj.可再填充的
13．bin n．垃圾箱
14．carton n．硬纸盒；塑料盒
15．cutlery n．餐具
16．council n．委员会；理事会
17．roadworks n．道路施工
18．organic adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
19．institute n．机构；研究院
20．poultry n．家禽肉，家禽
21．committee n．委员会
22．temple n．庙宇，寺院
23．Confucius 孔子
24．memorial n．纪念馆；纪念碑
adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的
25．carve vt.雕，刻
26．thunderstorm n．雷暴
27．typhoon n．台风
28．Atlantic adj.大西洋的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．plastic adj.塑料制的
2．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
3．switch vi.& vt.转换，改变
n．开关；骤变
4．incredibly adv.非常地，极端地
5．species n．物种，种
6．wipe vt.擦；拭
7．mass adj.大量的
n．团，块，堆；大量，许多；(物理学)质量
8．decrease vi.& vt.减少
n．减少；减少的量
9．blame vt.责怪，指责；把……归咎于
n．责任；责备；指责
10．affect vt.影响；使感动；使感染(疾病)
11．restore vt.(使)恢复
12．wrap vt.包，裹
13．transportation n．交通运输系统，运输方式
14．swallow vi.& vt.吞下，咽下；抑制
n．燕子
15．chopsticks n．筷子
16．jam n．拥挤，堵塞；果酱
vt.塞满，挤满
17．decade n．十年，十年期
18．gas n．气，气体
19．cancer n．癌症
20．essay n．论说文；散文
21．involve vt.包含，需要；涉及，影响；使参加
22．billion n．十亿
23．instance n．例子，实例
24．claim vt.声称；断言；主张；要求，索要；认领(失物)；获得，赢得；(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求
25．drug n．药物，药材；毒品
26．sum vt.概括，总结
n．总数；算术；金额，款项
27．valley n．谷，山谷
28．scenic adj.景色优美的
29．agricultural adj.农业的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．mining n．采矿业→mine n．矿；矿井 vt.& vi.开矿；采矿→miner n．矿工
2．hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→hunting n．打猎→hunter n．猎人
3．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→urgently adv.迫切地；急切地→urgency n．紧迫(性)→urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.竭力主张；强烈要求；敦促
4．wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste v．& n．浪费
5．dirt n．灰尘，尘土→dirty adj.脏的
6．realistic adj.现实的，实际的→realise vt.实现；认识到→real adj.真的；真实的→really adv.真正地；确实地→reality n．真实；现实
7．stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick粘贴；将……刺入；刺；卡住，动不了
8．annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气；惹恼→annoying adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的→annoyance n．生气；令人烦恼的事物
9．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.气愤地；愤怒地
10．opponent n．反对者；对手，敌手→oppose vt.反对；与……竞争→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的→opposing adj.对立的；相竞争的
11．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍
12．chemical adj.化学的 n．化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师
13．historic adj.古老的；历史上重要的→history n．历史→historian n．历史学家
14．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary vi.变化；相异，不同→various adj.多种类型的→variety n．种类
15．endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．使面临危险；危及；危害→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的
16．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑，不安；渴望→anxiously adv.焦虑地
17．illegally adv.非法地，违法地→illegal adj.非法的，违法的→legally adv.合法地；法律上→legal adj.合法的
18．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→unusually adv.不寻常地→usual adj.平常的→usually adv.通常地
19．aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n．意识→unaware adj.不知道的；未察觉到的
20．regular adj.定期的，有规律的；频繁的，经常的→regularly adv.有规律地→irregular adj.无规律的
21．suit vt.适合 n．套装→suitable adj.适合的→unsuitable adj.不适合的
22．conservation n．保护→conserve vt.保护；节约→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
23．destroy vt.破坏；毁掉→destruction n．破坏，毁坏
24．informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→inform v．通知，告知→information n．信息
25．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝
26．consumer n．消费者→consume v．消费；消耗；吃，喝；使强烈地感到→consumption n．消费；消耗
27．collection n．收集；收藏品；专辑→collect vt.收集；收藏→collector n．收集者，收藏家→collective adj.集体的；共同的
28．relate vi.相联系，有关联 vt.叙述→related adj.有联系的→relation n．联系，关联
29．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→cycle n．循环→recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的
30．reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v．再使用，重复使用→use v．& n．使用
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀re-：recycle是由前缀re-(再、重新、重复)和cycle(循环)组成，可以理解为“重新循环，再利用”；re-还有以下三个意思：(1)“回或向后”，如：replace放回原处；(2)“相反、反对”，如：rebel反叛，resist反抗，reverse反转；(3)“加强”，如：recommend与commend同义，只是语气更强。
2．前缀de-：(1)表示“往下”，如decrease＝de-(往下)＋ crease(发展)→减少，decline＝de-(往下)＋cline (倾斜)→减少，devalue＝de-(往下)＋value(价值)→使贬值；
(2)表示“除掉，去掉”，如defrost＝de-(除掉，去掉)＋ frost(霜)→除霜；
(3)表示“相反、反转”，如decode＝de-(相反)＋code(编码)→解码，破译，decompose＝de-(反转)＋compose(组成)→分解，腐烂。
3．前缀trans-来源于拉丁介词，基本意思为across，over，beyond，表示“穿过/越过，超越，转移/转变”，常见的变体形式有tran-和tra-，其中tra-常出现在以d，j，m，v开头的词根前。如transport(运输)＝trans(转移)＋port(港口)，transmit(传输)＝trans(穿过)＋mit(送)。
(1)The teenager pushed the play button again，ran the tape，pushed stop，and then pushed rewind.________________(猜加黑词义)
(2)“We don’t know when we’ll be able to restart，” a company spokesman said.________________
(3)Inactivity can make your joints stiff，and the bones may begin to degenerate.________________
(4)Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity.________________
(5)A plan is the track that our “human train” runs on；without a plan we are certain to derail.________________
(6)There is no denying that the fires are likely to permanently deforest the land.________________
(7)This is a transnatural phenomenon；even science can’t account for it.________________
(8)We need to edit it to make it perform the transposition function described earlier.________________
(9)The world’s first transatlantic balloon race ended in chaos last night.________________
1．tow/t /vt.牵引，拖，拉(车或船)
2．slam/sl m/vi.& vt.(把……)砰地关上
3．cosmetics/k z'metIks/n.化妆品，美容品
4．installment/In'st lm nt/n.(尤指报刊等上的连载故事的)一期
5．in a nutshell一言以蔽之，简单地说
6．expire/Ik'spaI /vi.到期，过期，失效
expiration/ eksp 'reV n/n.到期，期满
7．valid/'v lId/adj.有效的；正式认可的
8．reverse/rI'v s/vi.& vt.调换(次序)；推翻；倒车
9．podcast/'p dkɑ st/n.播客(可从因特网上下载的一种广播节目)
10．count on v．依靠，指望；期望，料想
11．spectacular/spek't kj l /adj.壮观的；精彩的
12．immigration/ ImI'ɡreI n/n.入境检查处；移民入境
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．have a role起某种作用
2．do one’s part 尽自己的职责
3．die out消失；绝迹，灭绝
4．wipe out彻底毁灭，消灭
5．be to blame(对某事)负有责任
6．be at risk处境危险，受到威胁
7．set out开始做某事，着手进行
8．traffic jam交通堵塞
9．stressed out焦虑的；疲惫不堪
10．be related to与……有关联
11．for instance例如
12．sum up概括，总结
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.(It is not unusual for sb to do...)
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
2．They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.(倍数表达法)
他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。
3．Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.(without 引导含蓄虚拟语气) 没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
4．This morning，it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.(It takes sb some time to do...)
今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。
5．How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(形容词短语作状语)
又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？
6．Up to 90 people can travel in one bus，while the same number will need at least 18 cars.(while连接并列句)一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。
体验——析真题长句　知高考难度
(2024·全国甲)You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable，but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere，one that fits what’s right for the characters.
[句式分析]　此句是____________句。that’s unpredictable...nowhere是____________从句，修饰先行词an ending；one指代an ending；that fits...characters是____________从句，修饰先行词one；what引导____________从句，作fits的宾语。
[尝试翻译]　
It’s said that dinosaurs died out because of an unusual natural disaster.But now，it is claimed that many species are endangered or even extinct just because humans cause varied threats to them.For instance，tigers are being illegally hunted in 1.________________ incredibly cruel way for their fur while rhinos，for their horns.Besides，we have destroyed their habitats by 2.____________(cut) down trees，throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging polluted water that contains poisonous chemicals into rivers.All of these have affected nature badly.
It is human activities 3.____________ are to blame for the mass extinction.However，we should be aware of the fact that without the ecological balance on 4.____________ we depend for our survival，we would be also at risk.Many anxious environmentalists of the Environmental Protection Council write realistic，informative and innovative 5.____________(essay) to educate people to go green.Urgent conservation measures involve switching to solar energy，decreasing the use of throwaway cartons，cutlery or chopsticks that can’t 6.__________________(recycle)，and taking public transportation on a regular 7.____________(base) to and from work.Consumers should buy products 8.____________(wrap) in small reusable packets rather than large wasteful packaging.To sum up，everybody has a role 9.________________(play) in protecting our planet and if we all set out to do our part，the 10.____________(harmony) world will be restored.Otherwise，the whole world would be wiped out.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
switch vi.& vt.转换，改变 n．开关；骤变
switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) switch on打开；开始运行 switch(...)from...to...(把……)由……转变为……
(应用文写作之口头通知)请注意！我们将从火车转乘公共汽车到省博物馆。到达目的地后，请确保所有手机都被关机。打开手机会影响我们的参观。
Attention，please！We will ________________________________________________ to reach the provincial museum.Upon reaching the destination，please make sure all mobile phones ____________________________.____________________________ will influence our visit.
decrease vi.& vt.减少n.减少；减少的量
decrease by...减少了…… decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到…… on the decrease 正在下降；正在减少 on the increase 正在增加
(1)To sum up，the number of new students decreased _____________ 200 ____________ 150.That is to say，the number decreased ____________ 25%.
(2)We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean animals ______________________________________________(正在下降)．So there is an urgent need to switch our wrongdoing so that their number ____________________________(将会逐渐增加)．(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
blame vt.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．责任；责备；指责
blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) take/shoulder the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人
(1)We human beings are supposed to take the blame __________ species’ being extinct or endangered，so we must do our part in wildlife conservation.
(2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误而指责其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不仅仅是把错误归咎于其他人。
When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always _______________________________.After all，many times ______________________.So instead of ______________________________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的 (annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气；惹恼 annoying adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的 annoyance n．生气；令人烦恼的事物)
·be annoyed with sb about/at st 因某事对某人生气 be annoyed to do sth因做某事而恼怒 ·What annoys sb most is that...最让某人生气的是…… ·to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是
(1)____________ but unable to let off steam，I bit my lips hard and took a breath，struggling to contain my inner _____________.(annoy)
(2)由于他令人讨厌的餐桌礼仪，我很恼他。最让我生气的是他满嘴食物地大声喧哗。此外，令我气恼的是，他甚至用筷子指着别人。最后，我是如此烦恼和他一起吃饭，以至于我很早就离开了，气得满脸通红。(读后续写片段描写)
I _______________________.______________________________________________ he talked loudly with his mouth full of food.Moreover，________________________________________，he even pointed at others with his chopsticks.Finally，I _____________________________ together with him that I left early，with my face flaming with anger.
relate vi.相联系，有关联 vt.叙述 (related adj.有联系的 relation n．联系，关联)
relate...to...把……和……联系起来 relate to涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解 (be) related to与……有关联
(1)It is claimed that the “new four great inventions” are all related ____________ China’s high-tech innovations.
(2)(话题写作之人物介绍)我们的班主任不仅能理解我们学生，而且他还能不断地将我们正在学习的东西与现实世界联系起来。
Not only can our head teacher ________________________________________________ but also he can constantly ____________________________________________________________.
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)由于有丰富的相关经验，我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。
____________________________________________________________，I am greatly convinced that I will be incredibly qualified for the position.
suit vt.适合 n．套装 (suitable adj.适合的 unsuitable adj.不适合的)
suit...to...使……适合…… suit one’s needs适合某人的需要 be suitable for 对……适合的 be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
(1)(应用文写作之申请信)I do believe I am suitable ________________________________ this voluntary work，because I have a good knowledge of English.
＝I do believe I am suitable ________________(do) this voluntary work，because I have a good knowledge of English.
(2)如果以上安排不符合您的需求，请毫不犹豫地告知我，以便我为您量身定制相关项目。
If the above arrangements don’t ____________________________________________，please inform me without hesitation so that I can ___________________________________________.
wipe out彻底毁灭，消灭
work out 解决；算出 set out开始做某事，着手进行；出发 turn out 结果是 check out结账后离开；察看 come out出版；开花；结果是 die out消失；绝迹，灭绝
用“动词＋out”短语的适当形式填空
As we ______________________________________ on our journey，we discovered an ancient tribe that seemed to ________________________.But to our surprise，they didn’t ____________________；they were just hiding.When we ____________________ their village，it ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ that they had a thriving community，which amazed us so much that our jaws dropped.
stressed out 焦虑的；疲惫不堪；(stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stress n．压力 vt.强调 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的)
under stress在压力之下 lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调……
(1)面对这样一个压力巨大的挑战，我非常焦虑，感觉如坐针毡。老师感觉到我压力很大，就拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰和鼓励我。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Faced with ____________________________________，so anxious was I that I was on pins and needles.Sensing I ____________________________________，my teacher patted me on the shoulder，comforting and encouraging me.
(2)我怎么强调海洋保护的重要性都不为过。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
I can’t ________________________________________________________________________ ocean conservation too much.
sum up总结，概括
make up补上；构成；编造；和解；组成 make up for补偿，弥补 turn up 开大；出现 go up 上升；上涨 set up 设立；建立 take up开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)；拿起 add up加起来；总计；积少成多
用“动词＋up”短语的适当形式填空
(1)To ________________，she decided to ____________________________________ lost time by ____________________________________ a new project.It ________________________ much of her energy，but she didn’t mind.As the costs ________________________，she asked her friends to ________________________ a great team.Their efforts seemed to ________________________，and eventually，successful results ________________________，which made them overjoyed.
(2)(读后续写之动作链描写)Once my mother ____________________，I swallowed my pride，rushed to her and said sorry to her，trying to ____________________ with her.
(3)I have great difficulty ____________________ these numbers，so could you please give me a hand
倍数表达法　They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。
倍数的表达方式： A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of B
(1)The new bulbs require twice ____________(little) electricity than the conventional ones currently used to produce the same amount of light.
(2)从这个短视频中可以很容易地看出，我们的新学校是十年前的三倍大。
Judging from the short video，it can be easily seen that our new school is ______________ what it was ten years ago.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1．The man claimed① first prize in yesterday’s competition but unluckily his life was claimed② in the car accident and all of his belongings were not claimed③.The insurance company claimed④ that they would deal with the matter as soon as possible.
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
2．The newly-bought suit① doesn’t suit② you and I strongly suggest that you should choose this one.
①________________　②________________
3．The serious illness affected① my uncle last month and the disease affected② my life.Luckily，my kind friends helped me a lot，which deeply affected③ me.
①________________　②________________
③________________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．After being rejected by a fashion designer，the young man switched ____________________ environment conversation.
2．The bridge completed last year collapsed，and it was said that an overloaded truck was ______________(blame)．
3．However hard he works，he won’t be recognised as a success by his mother，which is really ________(annoy)．
4．As a result of disciplines，the construction speed has been three times faster ____________ the speed in the previous days.
5．The ultimate goal of the millionaire is to earn _________________(billion) of dollars at the end of the year.
6．It __________________________(claim) that another three astronauts will be sent into space next month.
7．Many party members are devoted to wiping ____________________________________ poverty in underdeveloped areas.
8．You are required to sum ____________ the main idea of the passage with a maximum，rather than a minimum of 6 words.
9．Without the hybrid rice cultivated by Yuan Longping，many people _______________(die) from hunger in the past.
10．__________________ took much time as well as patience to convince him to stay in when parents went out.
2023·北京 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.活动形式； 2.活动内容。
完成句子
1．我写信是想告诉你一些与主题是“绿色北京”的社团活动有关的事情。(be related to；定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．组织一次环城徒步旅行来探索北京的绿地并推广环保交通适合你们社团。(suitable；动名词短语作主语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．为什么不开始种树来美化城市并净化空气呢？(set out)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．如果没有共同努力，就无法建设绿色北京，所以我强调当地志愿者和环保组织之间的合作。(without引导含蓄虚拟语气；lay stress on)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．只要你考虑以上建议，你就可以成功地组织这次活动，所以不要感到有压力。(as long as；stressed out)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　anxious；stressed out；anger；annoyed；cruel
[动作描写]　destroy；recycle；do one’s part；hunt；wipe out；decrease；hatch；sum；restore；relate；blame；set out；wrap；swallow；affect；carve
[环境描写]　dirt；traffic jam；typhoon；valley；scenic；historic；varied；plastic；packaging；shell；thunderstorm
美句 1.How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(人物描写) 2．Do whichever of these things that suit you.Don’t just sit around and complain！(结尾升华句)
拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：“头部”动作
词 块 drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one’s head 低头　put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands 双手抱头　nod/shake one’s head 点/摇头　rest one’s head on/against 把头靠在……上面　scratch one’s head 挠头　raise one’s head 抬头　throw one’s head back 把头往后仰
句 型 When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep.(现在分词短语作状语) 他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。 Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes.(现在分词短语作状语) 她母亲停止了家务，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。 I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and couldn’t resist weeping.(动作链描写) 我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。 I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes.(独立主格) 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
语料运用　主题：环境保护
I lived in a historic and scenic town.However，I ①_______________________________ recently and I couldn’t swallow my anger.When I walked slowly in each place，I saw varied plastic packaging，shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees.Then I ②______________(动作链描写)．My mother stroked my head and encouraged me to take immediate action.Finally，I ③_________________________________，with hope in my eyes.Besides，there were often traffic jams in the town.Anxious about my town，I set out to clean up the rubbish with other environmentalists.Instead of ④______________________________________，I decided to affect others with my behaviour.
我住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇。然而，最近我对一些现象感到恼火，我无法控制我的愤怒。当我慢慢地走在每一个地方时，我看到了各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和刻在墙上和树上的字。然后我走近母亲，坐在她身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。母亲抚摸着我的头，鼓励我立即采取行动。最后，我抬起头，擦了擦眼泪，眼里充满了希望。此外，镇上经常发生交通堵塞。我很担心我的小镇，于是我开始和其他环保主义者一起清理垃圾。我决定用自己的行为去影响别人，而不是把污染归咎于游客。
答案精析
排查·基础知识
积累
(1)倒带(键)　(2)重新开始　(3)退化　(4)降低，削弱
(5)脱轨　(6)毁掉(某地的)森林　(7)超自然的　(8)转换位置　(9)横渡大西洋的
体验
主从复合　定语　定语　宾语　你必须平衡创造一个不可预测但不像是凭空而来的结局，一个适合角色的结局。
词汇串记
1．an　2.cutting　3.that　4.which　5.essays　6.be recycled
7．basis　8.wrapped　9.to play　10.harmonious
突破·核心考点
1．switch from the train to the bus；are switched off；Switching them on
2．(1)from；to；by　(2)is decreasing/on the decrease；will be gradually on the increase
3．(1)for　(2)blame others for mistakes；we are also to blame；blaming mistakes on others/putting/laying the blame for mistakes on others
4．(1)Annoyed；annoyance　(2)was annoyed with him about/at his annoying table manners；What annoyed me most was that；to my annoyance；was so annoyed to have dinner
5．(1)to　(2)relate to us students；relate what we are studying to the real world　(3)With so much related experience
6．(1)for；to do　(2)suit your needs；suit relevant items to you
7．set out；be wiped out；die out；checked out；turned out/came out
8．(1)such a stressful challenge；was under stress/stressed (out)　(2)lay/place/put stress on/upon the significance of/stress the significance of
9．(1)sum up；make up for；setting up；took up；went up；make up；add up；turned up　(2)turned up；make up　(3)adding up
10．(1)less　(2)three times as large as/three times larger than/three times the size of
基础达标
Ⅰ.1.①vt.获得，赢得　②vt.夺去(生命)　③vt.认领(失物)
④vt.声称
2．①n.套装　②vt.适合
3．①vt.使感染(疾病)　②vt.影响　③vt.使感动
Ⅱ.1.to　2.to blame　3.annoying　4.than　5.billions　6.is claimed　7.out　8.up　9.would have died　10.It
提升·写作能力　应用文增分练
参考范文
Dear Jim，
I am writing to tell you something that is related to the club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”．The following are my suggestions.
First of all，organising a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing and promote eco-friendly transportation is suitable for your club.Additionally，why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air？Last but not least，without joint efforts，a green Beijing wouldn’t be built，and as a consequence，I lay stress on the cooperation between local volunteers and local environmental organizations.
All in all，as long as you take the above suggestions into account，you can succeed in organising this activity，so don’t be stressed out.I am looking forward to participating in this event and strengthening environmental awareness together.
Yours，
Li Hua
续写积累提能练
①was annoyed at/about some phenomena　②approached my mother，sat close to her，rested my head on her shoulder and couldn’t resist weeping　③raised my head and wiped my tears
④blaming tourists for the pollution/blaming the pollution on tourists(共114张PPT)
CONSERVATION
选择性必修第一册　UNIT 3
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.一项，一条
n.犀牛
n.(牛、羊等头上的)角
n.小行星
adj.太阳光(能)的
vi.& vt.(使)孵化
1
item
2
rhino
3
horn
4
asteroid
知识速记
5
solar
6
hatch
音频见PPT“图书打包下载”
n.小包，小盒
n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
n.椰子
n.壳；贝壳
adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
adj.可再填充的
n.垃圾箱
7
packet
8
packaging
9
coconut
10
shell
11
innovative
12
refillable
13
bin
n.硬纸盒；塑料盒
n.餐具
n.委员会；理事会
n.道路施工
adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
n.机构；研究院
n.家禽肉，家禽
14
carton
15
cutlery
16
council
17
roadworks
18
organic
19
institute
20
poultry
n.委员会
n.庙宇，寺院
孔子
n.纪念馆；纪念碑
adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的
vt.雕，刻
n.雷暴
21
committee
22
temple
23
Confucius
24
memorial
25
carve
27
thunderstorm
n.台风
adj.大西洋的
27
typhoon
28
Atlantic
adj.塑料制的
n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
vi.& vt.转换，改变
n.开关；骤变
adv.非常地，极端地
n.物种，种
vt.擦；拭
1
plastic
2
threat
3
switch
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
incredibly
5
species
6
wipe
adj.大量的
n.团，块，堆；大量，许多 ；(物理学)质量
vi.& vt.减少
n.减少；减少的量
vt.责怪，指责；把……归咎于
n.责任；责备；指责
vt.影响；使感动 ；使感染(疾病)
vt.(使)恢复
8
decrease
9
blame
10
affect
11
restore
7
mass
vt.包，裹
n.交通运输系统，运输方式
vi.& vt.吞下，咽下；抑制
n.燕子
n.筷子
n.拥挤，堵塞；果酱
vt.塞满，挤满
13
transportation
14
swallow
15
chopsticks
12
wrap
16
jam
n.十年，十年期
n.气，气体
n.癌症
n.论说文；散文
vt.包含，需要 ；涉及，影响 ；使参加
n.十亿
17
decade
18
gas
19
cancer
20
essay
21
involve
22
billion
n.例子，实例
vt.声称；断言；主张；要求，索要；认领(失物) ；获得，赢得 ；(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
n.声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求
n.药物，药材；毒品
vt.概括，总结
n.总数；算术 ；金额，款项
n.谷，山谷
24
claim
25
drug
26
sum
27
valley
23
instance
adj.景色优美的
adj.农业的
29
agricultural
28
scenic
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
2
mining n.采矿业
→mine n.矿；矿井 vt.& vi.开矿；采矿
→miner n.矿工
hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀
→hunting n.打猎
→hunter n.猎人
3
urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的
→urgently adv.迫切地；急切地
→urgency n.紧迫(性)
→urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.竭力主张；强烈要求；敦促
4
5
wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的
→waste v.& n.浪费
dirt n.灰尘，尘土
→dirty adj.脏的
6
realistic adj.现实的，实际的
→realise vt.实现；认识到
→real adj.真的；真实的
→really adv.真正地；确实地
→reality n.真实；现实
8
7
stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的
→stick 粘贴；将……刺入；刺；卡住，动不了
annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的
→annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气；惹恼
→annoying adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的
→annoyance n.生气；令人烦恼的事物
10
9
anger n.愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气
→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的
→angrily adv.气愤地；愤怒地
opponent n.反对者；对手，敌手
→oppose vt.反对；与……竞争
→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的
→opposing adj.对立的；相竞争的
12
11
cruel adj.残忍的
→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地
→cruelty n.残忍
chemical adj.化学的 n.化学品
→chemistry n.化学
→chemist n.化学家；药剂师
14
13
historic adj.古老的；历史上重要的
→history n.历史
→historian n.历史学家
varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
→vary vi.变化；相异，不同
→various adj.多种类型的
→variety n.种类
15
endangered adj.濒危的
→endanger v.使面临危险；危及；危害
→danger n.危险
→dangerous adj.危险的
16
anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的；渴望的
→anxiety n.焦虑，不安；渴望
→anxiously adv.焦虑地
17
illegally adv.非法地，违法地
→illegal adj.非法的，违法的
→legally adv.合法地；法律上
→legal adj.合法的
18
unusual adj.异常的；不平常的
→unusually adv.不寻常地
→usual adj.平常的
→usually adv.通常地
19
aware adj.意识到的，明白的
→awareness n.意识
→unaware adj.不知道的；未察觉到的
20
regular adj.定期的，有规律的；频繁的，经常的
→regularly adv.有规律地
→irregular adj.无规律的
21
suit vt.适合 n.套装
→suitable adj.适合的
→unsuitable adj.不适合的
22
conservation n.保护
→conserve vt.保护；节约
→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
23
destroy vt.破坏；毁掉
→destruction n.破坏，毁坏
24
informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
→inform v.通知，告知
→information n.信息
25
extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的
→extinction n.灭绝
26
consumer n.消费者
→consume v.消费；消耗；吃，喝 ；使强烈地感到
→consumption n.消费；消耗
27
collection n.收集；收藏品；专辑
→collect vt.收集；收藏
→collector n.收集者，收藏家
→collective adj.集体的；共同的
28
relate vi.相联系，有关联 vt.叙述
→related adj.有联系的
→relation n.联系，关联
29
recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用
→cycle n.循环
→recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的
→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的
30
reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的
→reuse v.再使用，重复使用
→use v.& n.使用
1.前缀re-：recycle是由前缀re-(再、重新、重复)和cycle(循环)组成，可以理解为“重新循环，再利用”；re-还有以下三个意思：(1)“回或向后”，如：replace放回原处；(2)“相反、反对”，如：rebel反叛，resist反抗，reverse反转；(3)“加强”，如：recommend与commend同义，只是语气更强。
2.前缀de-：(1)表示“往下”，如decrease＝de-(往下)＋ crease(发展)
→减少，decline＝de-(往下)＋cline (倾斜)
→减少，devalue＝de-(往下)＋value(价值)
→使贬值；
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(2)表示“除掉，去掉”，如defrost＝de-(除掉，去掉)＋ frost(霜)
→除霜；
(3)表示“相反、反转”，如decode＝de-(相反)＋code(编码)
→解码，破译，decompose＝de-(反转)＋compose(组成)
→分解，腐烂。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
3.前缀trans-来源于拉丁介词，基本意思为across，over，beyond，表示“穿过/越过，超越，转移/转变”，常见的变体形式有tran-和tra-，其中tra-常出现在以d，j，m，v开头的词根前。如transport(运输)＝trans(转移)＋port(港口)，transmit(传输)＝trans(穿过)＋mit(送)。
(1)The teenager pushed the play button again，ran the tape，pushed stop，and then pushed rewind. (猜加颜色词义)
(2)“We don’t know when we’ll be able to restart，” a company spokesman said. _________
(3)Inactivity can make your joints stiff，and the bones may begin to degenerate. ____
(4)Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. __________
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
倒带(键)
重新开始
退化
降低，削弱
(5)A plan is the track that our “human train” runs on；without a plan we are certain to derail. _____
(6)There is no denying that the fires are likely to permanently deforest the land. _______________
(7)This is a transnatural phenomenon；even science can’t account for it.
_________
(8)We need to edit it to make it perform the transposition function described earlier. _________
(9)The world’s first transatlantic balloon race ended in chaos last night.
______________
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
脱轨
毁掉(某地的)森林
超自然的
转换位置
横渡大西洋的
tow/t / vt.牵引，拖，拉(车或船)
slam/sl m/ vi.& vt.(把……)砰地关上
cosmetics/k z'metIks/ n.化妆品，美容品
installment/In'st lm nt/ n.(尤指报刊等上的连载故事的)一期
in a nutshell 一言以蔽之，简单地说
1
2
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
3
4
5
expire/Ik'spaI / vi.到期，过期，失效
→expiration/ eksp 'reI n/ n.到期，期满
valid/'v lId/ adj.有效的；正式认可的
reverse/rI'v s/ vi.& vt.调换(次序)；推翻；倒车
podcast/'p dkɑ st/ n.播客(可从因特网上下载的一种
广播节目)
count on v.依靠，指望；期望，料想
6
8
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
7
9
10
spectacular/spek't kj l / adj.壮观的；精彩的
immigration/ ImI'ɡreI n/ n.入境检查处；移民入境
11
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
12
1
2
have a role 起某种作用
do one’s part 尽自己的职责
die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
wipe out 彻底毁灭，消灭
be to blame (对某事)负有责任
be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
set out 开始做某事，着手进行
traffic jam 交通堵塞
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
8
9
10
stressed out 焦虑的；疲惫不堪
be related to 与……有关联
for instance 例如
sum up 概括，总结
11
12
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.(It is not unusual for sb to do...)
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
2
They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.(倍数表达法)
他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。
3
Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.(without 引导含蓄虚拟语气)
没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
4
This morning，it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.(It takes sb some time to do...)
今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。
5
How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(形容词短语作状语)
又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？
6
Up to 90 people can travel in one bus，while the same number will need at least 18 cars.(while连接并列句)
一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。
(2024·全国甲)You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable，but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere，one that fits what’s right for the characters.
[句式分析]　此句是 句。that’s unpredictable...nowhere是____
从句，修饰先行词an ending；one指代an ending；that fits...characters是 从句，修饰先行词one；what引导 从句，作fits的宾语。
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
主从复合
定语
定语
宾语
你必须平衡创造一个不可预测但不像是凭空而来的结局，一个适合角色的结局。
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.item n._____________
2.horn n.___________________
3.hatch vi.& vt.________
4.packet n.___________
5.solar adj.____________
6.shell n.__________
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 词汇默写
一项，一条
(牛、羊等头上的)角
(使)孵化
小包，小盒
太阳光(能)的
壳；贝壳
7.innovative adj._______________________
8.refillable adj.___________
9.bin n._______
10.carton n.________________
新颖的，创新的，革新的
可再填充的
垃圾箱
硬纸盒；塑料盒
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. adj.塑料制的
2. n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
3. vi.& vt.转换，改变
n.开关；骤变
4. adv.非常地，极端地
5. vi.& vt.减少
n.减少；减少的量
plastic
threat
switch
incredibly
decrease
6. vt.责怪，指责；把……归咎于
n.责任；责备；指责
7. vt.影响；使感动；使感染(疾病)
8. vt.(使)恢复
9. n.交通运输系统，运输方式
10. vi.& vt.吞下，咽下；抑制
n.燕子
blame
affect
restore
transportation
swallow
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.采矿业
→ n.矿；矿井
vt.& vi.开矿；采矿
→ n.矿工
2. adj.浪费的；挥霍的
→ v.& n.浪费
3. n.灰尘，尘土
→ adj.脏的
mining
mine
miner
wasteful
waste
dirt
dirty
4. adj.卡住的，无法移动的
→ v.粘贴；将……刺入；刺；卡住，动不了
5. adj.化学的
n.化学品
→ n.化学
→ n.化学家；药剂师
6. adj.古老的；历史上重要的
→ n.历史
→ n.历史学家
stuck
stick
chemical
chemistry
chemist
historic
history
historian
7. adj.濒危的
→ v.使面临危险；危及；危害
→ n.危险
→ adj.危险的
endangered
endanger
danger
dangerous
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.tow vt._____________________
2.installment n._______________________________
3.count on v.________________________
4.spectacular adj._______________
5. adj.有效的；正式认可的
牵引，拖，拉(车或船)
(尤指报刊等上的连载故事的)一期
依靠，指望；期望，料想
壮观的；精彩的
valid
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 起某种作用
2. 消失；绝迹，灭绝
3. 彻底毁灭，消灭
4. (对某事)负有责任
5. 尽自己的职责
have a role
die out
wipe out
be to blame
do one’s part
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.What makes the designer is that his brother is making much noise by playing rock music.(annoy)
2.To my surprise，my (oppose) is not opposed giving me a second chance and thus，I am appreciative of his generosity.
3.We urge the professor (help)us，because we need his help to solve a problem that needs solving with .(urgent)
4.The selfish man is cruel me，and he even treats his brother with
.What’s worse，he treats those around him .(cruel)
annoyed
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 语境运用
默写
annoying
opponent
to
to help
urgently
urgency
to
cruelty
cruelly
5.Those persistent went every morning and came back at dusk.(hunt)
6.He was so that he shouted bitterly and to let out his extreme .(anger)
7.It is essential that your diets should be and balanced，
from meat to vegetables，because your kids need a of nutrition.(vary)
8.In ，we should set a goal and if we are committed and determined，we can realise it.(real)
hunters
hunting
angry
angrily
anger
varied/various
varying
variety
reality
realistic
really
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.在过去的十年里，物种灭绝并不罕见。(It is not unusual for sb to do...) 2.研究人员发现，物种正在比正常情况快1 000倍地减少。 (倍数表达法) 　　1.____________________________
in the past decade.Researchers find that 2._____________________________
.Without so many species in the world,
It is not unusual for species to die
out
species are decreasing 1,000 times
faster than normal
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.如果世界上没有这么多的物种，我们迟早会面临灭绝的危险。(without引导含蓄虚拟语气) 3. .
What’s more，air pollution is becoming worse and worse.For example，the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet.Human activities are partly to blame.We definitely need to stop destroying the environment and switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.Only in this way can we humans survive in the future.
we would be at risk of dying out sooner or later
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.cutlery n._____
2.council n._______________
3.organic adj._____________________________
4.institute n._____________
5.committee n._______
餐具
委员会；理事会
不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
机构；研究院
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 词汇默写
委员会
6.temple n.____________
7.carve vt._______
8.memorial n.________________
adj.______________________
9.roadworks n._________
10.typhoon n._____
庙宇，寺院
雕，刻
纪念馆；纪念碑
(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的
道路施工
台风
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. n.筷子
2. n.十年，十年期
3. n.论说文；散文
4. vt.包含，需要；涉及，影响；使参加
5. n.十亿
6. n.药物，药材；毒品
7. n.例子，实例
8. n.谷，山谷
chopsticks
decade
essay
involve
billion
drug
instance
valley
9. adj.景色优美的
10. adj.农业的
scenic
agricultural
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. adj.异常的；不平常的
→ adv.不寻常地
→ adj.平常的
→ adv.通常地
2. vt.适合
n.套装
→ adj.适合的
→ adj.不适合的
unusual
unusually
usual
usually
suit
suitable
unsuitable
3. n.保护
→ vt.保护；节约
→ adj.保守的；守旧的
4. vt.破坏；毁掉
→ n.破坏，毁坏
5. n.消费者
→ v.消费；消耗；吃，喝；使强烈地感到
→ n.消费；消耗
conservation
conserve
conservative
destroy
destruction
consumer
consume
consumption
6. vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用
→ adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的
→ adj.不可回收的
7. adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的
→ v.再使用，重复使用
recycle
recyclable
unrecyclable
reusable
reuse
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.slam vi.& vt.__________________
2.cosmetics n.________________
3.in a nutshell _____________________
4.expire vi.__________________
expiration n.___________
5.reverse vi.& vt.______________________
(把……)砰地关上
化妆品，美容品
一言以蔽之，简单地说
到期，过期，失效
到期，期满
调换(次序)；推翻；倒车
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 开始做某事，着手进行
2. 焦虑的；疲惫不堪
3. 与……有关联
4. 例如
5. 概括，总结
set out
stressed out
be related to
for instance
sum up
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The wife was on pins and needles，and her was so obvious that we all comforted her.(anxious)
2. of the dangers，the boy walked into the dark room.It was necessary to raise his of safety.(aware)
3.My brother has been stamps for many years so he has a large of stamps.(collect)
4.The book，which contains much about the history of the Ming Dynasty，is both and entertaining.(inform)
anxious
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 语境运用
默写
anxiety
Unaware
awareness
collecting
collection
information
informative
5.Some doctors think there is a between alcohol abuse and liver cancer.What’s worse，alcohol abuse is also to heart disease.
(relate)
6. ，we should crack down on both sellers and buyers of fake(假的) certificates because it is to produce or use them.(legal)
7.Lots of species have been and others are still in danger of
.(extinct)
8.He didn’t have a balanced diet or take exercise ，so this
lifestyle led to his poor health.(regular)
relation
related
Legally
illegal
extinct
extinction
regularly
irregular
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.不幸的是，我遇到了交通堵塞，所以我花了大约两个小时才到达公司。(It takes sb some time to do...) 2.我急于开会，像箭一样冲进办公室。(形容词短语作状语) 　　In order to make preparations for the meeting to be held at 9 o’clock，I set out at 7 o’clock in the morning.Unfortunately，I was caught in traffic jams，so 1._______
.
2. ，I dashed to the office like an arrow.
it took
me about two hours to reach the company
Anxious to attend the meeting
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.但是我的同事们拿着所有必需的材料，而我却把它们落在家里，我尴尬得脸都红了。(while连接并列句) Thank goodness，I managed to arrive at the conference room.But my colleagues carried all the necessary materials 3._____
and so embarrassed was I that my face flushed.
while
I left them at home
It’s said that dinosaurs died out because of an unusual natural disaster.But now，it is claimed that many species are endangered or even extinct just because humans cause varied threats to them.For instance，tigers are being illegally hunted in 1. incredibly cruel way for their fur while rhinos，for their horns.Besides，we have destroyed their habitats by 2. (cut) down trees，throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging polluted water that contains poisonous chemicals into rivers.All of these have affected nature badly.
an
cutting
词汇串记
It is human activities 3. are to blame for the mass extinction.However，we should be aware of the fact that without the ecological balance on 4. we depend for our survival，we would be also at risk.Many anxious environmentalists of the Environmental Protection Council write realistic，informative and innovative 5._______
(essay) to educate people to go green.Urgent conservation measures involve switching to solar energy，decreasing the use of throwaway cartons，cutlery or chopsticks that can’t 6. (recycle)，and taking public transportation on a regular 7. (base) to and from work.
that
which
be recycled
essays
basis
Consumers should buy products 8. (wrap) in small reusable packets rather than large wasteful packaging.To sum up，everybody has a role 9. (play) in protecting our planet and if we all set out to do our part，the 10. (harmony) world will be restored.Otherwise，the whole world would be wiped out.
wrapped
to play
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harmonious
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
vi.& vt.转换，改变 n.开关；骤变
switch
switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)
switch on打开；开始运行
switch(...)from...to...(把……)由……转变为……
1
(应用文写作之口头通知)请注意！我们将从火车转乘公共汽车到省博物馆。到达目的地后，请确保所有手机都被关机。打开手机会影响我们的参观。
Attention，please！We will to reach the provincial museum.Upon reaching the destination，please make sure all mobile phones will influence our visit.
switch from the train to the bus
are switched off.Switching them on
decrease
·decrease by...减少了……
decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……
·on the decrease 正在下降；正在减少
on the increase 正在增加
2
vi.& vt.减少n.减少；减少的量
(1)To sum up，the number of new students decreased 200 __ 150.
That is to say，the number decreased 25%.
(2)We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean animals (正在下降).So there is an urgent need to switch our wrongdoing so that their number
(将会逐渐增加).
(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
from
to
is decreasing/on the decrease
will be gradually on the increase
by
blame
·blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
·take/shoulder the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人
vt.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.责任；责备；指责
3
(1)We human beings are supposed to take the blame species’ being extinct or endangered，so we must do our part in wildlife conservation.
(2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误而指责其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不仅仅是把错误归咎于其他人。
When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always _______________
.After all，many times .So instead of
______________________________________________________________
，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
for
blame others for
mistakes
we are also to blame
blaming mistakes on others/putting/laying the blame for mistakes on
others
annoyed
·be annoyed with sb about/at st 因某事对某人生气
be annoyed to do sth因做某事而恼怒
·What annoys sb most is that...最让某人生气的是……
·to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是
adj.烦恼的，生气的 (annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气；惹恼 annoying adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的 annoyance n.生气；令人烦恼的事物)
(1) but unable to let off steam，I bit my lips hard and took a breath，struggling to contain my inner .(annoy)
Annoyed
4
annoyance
(2)由于他令人讨厌的餐桌礼仪，我很恼他。最让我生气的是他满嘴食物地大声喧哗。此外，令我气恼的是，他甚至用筷子指着别人。最后，我是如此烦恼和他一起吃饭，以至于我很早就离开了，气得满脸通红。(读后续写片段描写)
I .______
he talked loudly with his mouth full of food.Moreover， ，he even pointed at others with his chopsticks.Finally，I together with him that I left early，with my face flaming with anger.
was annoyed with him about/at his annoying table manners
What
annoyed me most was that
to my annoyance
was so annoyed to have dinner
relate
·relate...to...把……和……联系起来
relate to涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解
·(be) related to与……有关联
vi.相联系，有关联 vt.叙述 (related adj.有联系的 relation n.联系，关联)
(1)It is claimed that the “new four great inventions” are all related ____
China’s high-tech innovations.
5
to
(2)(话题写作之人物介绍)我们的班主任不仅能理解我们学生，而且他还能不断地将我们正在学习的东西与现实世界联系起来。
Not only can our head teacher but also he can constantly .
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)由于有丰富的相关经验，我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。
，I am greatly convinced that I will be incredibly qualified for the position.
relate to us students
relate what we are studying to the real world
With so much related experience
suit
·suit...to...使……适合……
suit one’s needs适合某人的需要
·be suitable for 对……适合的
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
vt.适合 n.套装 (suitable adj.适合的 unsuitable adj.不适合的)
(1)(应用文写作之申请信)I do believe I am suitable this voluntary work，because I have a good knowledge of English.
＝I do believe I am suitable (do) this voluntary work，because I have a good knowledge of English.
6
for
to do
(2)如果以上安排不符合您的需求，请毫不犹豫地告知我，以便我为您量身定制相关项目。
If the above arrangements don’t ，please inform me without hesitation so that I can .
suit your needs
suit relevant items to you
wipe out
work out 解决；算出
set out开始做某事，着手进行；出发
turn out 结果是
check out结账后离开；察看
come out出版；开花；结果是
die out消失；绝迹，灭绝
彻底毁灭，消灭
7
用“动词＋out”短语的适当形式填空
As we on our journey，we discovered an ancient tribe that seemed to .But to our surprise，they didn’t ；they were just hiding.When we their village，it ______________
that they had a thriving community，which amazed us so much that our jaws dropped.
set out
die out
be wiped out
checked out
turned out/came
out
under stress在压力之下
lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调……
8
焦虑的；疲惫不堪；(stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stress n.压力 vt.强调 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的)
stressed out
(1)面对这样一个压力巨大的挑战，我非常焦虑，感觉如坐针毡。老师感觉到我压力很大，就拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰和鼓励我。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Faced with ，so anxious was I that I was on pins and needles.Sensing I ，my teacher patted me on the shoulder，comforting and encouraging me.
such a stressful challenge
was under stress/stressed (out)
(2)我怎么强调海洋保护的重要性都不为过。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
I can’t _______________________________________________________
ocean conservation too much.
lay/place/put stress on/upon the significance of/stress the
significance of
9
make up补上；构成；编造；和解；组成
make up for补偿，弥补
turn up 开大；出现
go up 上升；上涨
set up 设立；建立
take up开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)；拿起
add up加起来；总计；积少成多
sum up
总结，概括
用“动词＋up”短语的适当形式填空
(1)To ，she decided to lost time by a new project.It much of her energy，but she didn’t mind.As the costs ，she asked her friends to a great team.Their efforts seemed to ，and eventually，successful results ，which made them overjoyed.
sum up
make up for
setting up
took up
went up
make up
add up
turned up
(2)(读后续写之动作链描写)Once my mother ，I swallowed my pride，rushed to her and said sorry to her，trying to ____________
with her.
(3)I have great difficulty these numbers，so could you please give me a hand
turned up
make up
adding up
倍数的表达方式：
·A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B
·A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B
·A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of B
10
They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。
倍数表达法
(1)The new bulbs require twice (little) electricity than the conventional ones currently used to produce the same amount of light.
(2)从这个短视频中可以很容易地看出，我们的新学校是十年前的三倍大。
Judging from the short video，it can be easily seen that our new school is ___________________________________________________________
what it was ten years ago.
less
three times as large as/three times larger than/three times the size of
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1.The man claimed① first prize in yesterday’s competition but unluckily his life was claimed② in the car accident and all of his belongings were not claimed③.The insurance company claimed④ that they would deal with the matter as soon as possible.
①_____________　②_____________　③____________ ④__________
vt.获得，赢得
vt.夺去(生命)
vt.认领(失物)
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
vt.声称
2.The newly-bought suit① doesn’t suit② you and I strongly suggest that you should choose this one.
①_______ ②_______
n.套装
vt.适合
3.The serious illness affected① my uncle last month and the disease affected② my life.Luckily，my kind friends helped me a lot，which deeply affected③ me.
①_______________ ②________　③__________
vt.使感染(疾病)
vt.影响
vt.使感动
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.After being rejected by a fashion designer，the young man switched __
environment conversation.
2.The bridge completed last year collapsed，and it was said that an overloaded truck was (blame).
3.However hard he works，he won’t be recognised as a success by his mother，which is really (annoy).
4.As a result of disciplines，the construction speed has been three times faster the speed in the previous days.
to
to blame
annoying
than
5.The ultimate goal of the millionaire is to earn (billion) of dollars at the end of the year.
6.It (claim) that another three astronauts will be sent into space next month.
7.Many party members are devoted to wiping poverty in underdeveloped areas.
8.You are required to sum the main idea of the passage with a maximum，rather than a minimum of 6 words.
billions
is claimed
out
up
9.Without the hybrid rice cultivated by Yuan Longping，many people
(die) from hunger in the past.
10. took much time as well as patience to convince him to stay in when parents went out.
would have died
It
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Part Three
应用文增分练
环境保护
(2023·北京)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.活动形式；
2.活动内容。
1.我写信是想告诉你一些与主题是“绿色北京”的社团活动有关的事情。(be related to；定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________
2.组织一次环城徒步旅行来探索北京的绿地并推广环保交通适合你们社团。(suitable；动名词短语作主语)
_______________________________________________________________
3.为什么不开始种树来美化城市并净化空气呢？(set out)
______________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.如果没有共同努力，就无法建设绿色北京，所以我强调当地志愿者和环保组织之间的合作。(without引导含蓄虚拟语气；lay stress on)
______________________________________________________________
5.只要你考虑以上建议，你就可以成功地组织这次活动，所以不要感到有压力。(as long as；stressed out)
______________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Dear Jim，
I am writing to tell you something that is related to the club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”.The following are my suggestions.
First of all，organising a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing and promote eco-friendly transportation is suitable for your club.Additionally，why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air？Last but not least，without joint efforts，a green Beijing wouldn’t be built，and as a consequence，I lay stress on the cooperation between local volunteers and local environmental organizations.
应用文增分练
参考范文
All in all，as long as you take the above suggestions into account，you can succeed in organising this activity，so don’t be stressed out.I am looking forward to participating in this event and strengthening environmental awareness together.
Yours，
Li Hua
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　anxious；stressed out；anger；annoyed；cruel
[动作描写]　destroy；recycle；do one’s part；hunt；wipe out；decrease；hatch；sum；restore；relate；blame；set out；wrap；swallow；affect；carve
[环境描写]　dirt；traffic jam；typhoon；valley；scenic；historic；varied；plastic；packaging；shell；thunderstorm
美句 1.How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，tired and angry？(人物描写)
2.Do whichever of these things that suit you.Don’t just sit around and complain！(结尾升华句)
动作细节描写：“头部”动作
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词块 drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one’s head 低头　put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands 双手抱头　nod/shake one’s head 点/摇头　rest one’s head on/against 把头靠在……上面　scratch one’s head 挠头　raise one’s head 抬头　throw one’s head back 把头往后仰
句型 When he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep.(现在分词短语作状语)
他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。
Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes.(现在分词短语作状语)
她母亲停止了家务，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。
I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and couldn’t resist weeping.(动作链描写)
我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。
I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes.(独立主格)
我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
主题：环境保护
I lived in a historic and scenic town.However，I ①_______________
recently and I couldn’t swallow my anger.When I walked slowly in each place，I saw varied plastic packaging，shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees.
我住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇。然而，最近我对一些现象感到恼火，我无法控制我的愤怒。当我慢慢地走在每一个地方时，我看到了各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和刻在墙上和树上的字。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
was annoyed
at/about some phenomena
Then I ②______________________________________________________
(动作链描写).My mother stroked my head and encouraged me to take immediate action.Finally，I ③ ，with hope in my eyes.
approached my mother，sat close to her，rested my head on
然后我走近母亲，坐在她身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。母亲抚摸着我的头，鼓励我立即采取行动。最后，我抬起头，擦了擦眼泪，眼里充满了希望。
her shoulder and couldn’t resist weeping
raised my head and wiped my tears
Besides，there were often traffic jams in the town.Anxious about my town，I set out to clean up the rubbish with other environmentalists.
Instead of ④___________________________________________________
，I decided to affect others with my behaviour.
此外，镇上经常发生交通堵塞。我很担心我的小镇，于是我开始和其他环保主义者一起清理垃圾。我决定用自己的行为去影响别人，而不是把污染归咎于游客。
blaming tourists for the pollution/blaming the pollution on
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tourists

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