人教版2025年八年级英语下学期期末总复习(知识梳理)考点清单03形容词和副词的比较等级【精讲精练】(学生版+解析)

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人教版2025年八年级英语下学期期末总复习(知识梳理)考点清单03形容词和副词的比较等级【精讲精练】(学生版+解析)

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专题03 形容词和副词的比较等级
一、基本用法
(一)概述
英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级,以此表示人或事物的等级差别。形容词和副词的比较级用于两者之间的比较,表示“较……”或“更……一些”;形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较,表示“最……”,形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the可以省略。
(二)比较等级的构成
形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则变化
单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est High–higher–highest fast–faster– fastest
以字母e结尾的词,直接加-r或-st nice–nicer–nicest late–later–latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i,再加-er或-est busy–busier–busiest early–earlier–earliest
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母, 再加-er或-es. hot–hotter–hottest thin–thinner–thinnest
多音节和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most difficult–more difficult–most difficult quickly–more quickly–most quickly
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/ well(好地,健康的) better best
bad(坏的)/ill(有病的)/ badly(坏地;恶劣地) worse worst
many(许多)/ much(许多) more most
little(少的) less least
far(远的/地) farther(指距离)较远 further(指距离和抽象概念)较远 farthest(指距离)最远 furthest(指距离和抽象概念)最远
old(老的) older elder(指年长的) oldest eldest
二、特殊用法
(一)比较级的修饰语
1. 在比较级前常用much(……得多),even(甚至),still(更),a little(一点),a bit(有点),a lot(很多)等来修饰,表示程度进一步加深。
I am much older than my brother.我比我弟弟大得多。
Lin Ping is a little more outgoing than me.林萍比我更外向一点。
2. very, quite, too等程度副词一般只修饰形容词原级,不能修饰比较级。
This tree is very tall. 这棵树很高。
(二)形容词和副词原级比较的两种句型
1. the same as...意为“与……一致,与……相同的”。
His dream is the same as mine. 他的梦想和我的一样。
2.“as+形容词/副词原级+as...”表示……和……一样”,否定结构为“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”,表示“第一个人/物在……比不上第二个”。
This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
(三)形容词与副词的比较级的常用句型结构
1. A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B. ,表示“A比B……”。
I think English is less important than maths. 我认为英语不如数学重要。
2. Which/Who+谓语动词比较级,A or B ,or连接两个选项,表示对两者的比较或选择,意为“A和B,哪个/谁更……?”。
Which is heavier, pig or an elephant 一头猪和一头大象哪个重?
Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei 林涛和韩梅谁的书更多?
3. get/become+比较级+and+比较级,意为“变得越来越……”,and连接两个相同的形容词比较级,当形容词是多音节或部分双音节词时,结构变为“get/ become more and more+形容词原级”。
It's getting colder and colder when winter comes. 当冬天来临时,天气变得越来越冷。
Our hometown is getting more and more beautiful我们的家乡正变得越来越美丽。
4. the+比较级,the+比较级,意为“越……,就越……”,表示两个过程按比例同时增减。
The more, the better. 多多益善。
The harder you study, the better grades you'll get. 你学习越努力,就越能取得好成绩。
5. “主语+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+...”意为“主语是两者中较……的那个。”,是特指的情况。
Jack is the taller of the two. 杰克是两个人中较高的一个。
6. 主语+谓语动词+比较级+ than any other+单数名词. 表示“一个人或物比同一范围内的任何其他一个都……”。
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他任何一个城市都大。
(四)形容词与副词的最高级的常用句型
形容词与副词的最高级常用于三者或三者以上人或事(物)之间的比较,在表示最高程度,即表示其中一个在某方面“最……”时使用。在句中使用时,形容词最高级前通常用the,句中常含有表示比较范围的介词of或in;of后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词,in后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词,常用句型结构为:
1. 主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+名词/代词)+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……的(……)”。
Spring is the best season of year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
2. 主语实义动词(+the)+副词最高级+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……的”。
Jack works (the) hardest in our class. 在我们班杰克学习最努力。
3. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……
的……之一”。
New York is one of the biggest cities in the world. 纽约是世界上最大的城市之一。
4. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语. 意为“……在……中是第几……的……”。
The Yangtze River is the first longest river in our country. 长江是我们国家的第一长河。
5. Which/Who+谓语动词(+the)+最高级,A,B or C 意为“A、B和C,哪个/谁最……?”。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon 太阳地球和月球,哪一个最大?
Who runs (the) fastest, Kate, Tom or Mike 谁跑得最快,凯特、汤姆还是迈克?
(五)比较级的替代
使用比较级时,前后两个比较项要保持一致。若前一个比较项是不可数名词,则后一个比较项可为替代词that。若前一个比较项是复数名词,则后一个比较项可为替代词those。
The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter. 在冬天南京的天气比北京暖和。
There are more students in Class 1 than those in Class2. 一班的学生比二班的学生多。
三、注意事项
1. 使用比较级的基本原则:不做比较用原级,两者比较用比较级,多者比较用最高级。
2. 比较的对象要保持前后一致。
Your coat looks more beautiful than mine. 你的大衣比我的好看。
3. 避免将主语包含在比较对象中
China is bigger than any country in Africa. (×)
China is bigger than any other country in Africa. (√)
4. “a/an+比较级”表示“又一/再一更……的”。
My daughter has a doll, but she wants a bigger one. 我女儿有一个玩具娃娃,但是她还想要一个更大的。
5. 最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时,其前不用加the。
My eldest daughter is10 years old. 我最大的女儿10岁。
6. 形容词最高级前加不定冠词a,不表示比较,而表示“非常”的意思。
Spring is best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。
7. most同形容词连用而不用the,表示“极,很,非常,十分”。
It is most useful book. 它是一本非常有用的书。
四、比较结构的同义转换
1. more...than与less...than, not as/so...as的转换
Her sister is more intelligent than her.
=She is less intelligent than her sister.
=She isn't as/so intelligent as her sister. 她的妹妹比她要聪明。
2. 最高级与no...more than的转换
Maths is the most difficult subject of all.
=No subject is more difficult than maths. 数学是所有学科中最难的。
3. 比较级形式表示最高级意义
(1)比较级+than+ other+可数名词单数。
(2)比较级+than+anyone/anything else.
(3)比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数。
(4)比较级+any of the other+可数名词复数。
基础训练
一、单项选择
1.There are lots of rivers in China. The Yangtze River is longer than ________ river in China.
A.any B.other C.others D.any other
【答案】D
【详解】句意:中国有很多河流,长江比中国的其它任何一条河流还长。
考查比较级。any任何;other其他的;others其他人或物;any other任何其他的。根据“The Yangtze River is longer than ... river in China.”可知,此处是指长江和中国的其它河流进行比较,长江在中国的范围内,要用“比较级+than+any other+名词”的结构。故选D。
2.After taking basketball classes, David is much ________ than last year.
A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.the strongest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:上完篮球课后,大卫比去年强壮多了。
考查形容词比较级。strong强壮的,为原级;stronger更强壮的;strongest最强壮的;the strongest最强壮的,最高级前常加the。根据题干中的“than”可知,需要使用比较级结构,空白处应用比较级stronger,故选B。
3.The earlier kids learn to be independent, ________ it is for their future.
A.the best B.good C.better D.the better
【答案】D
【详解】句意:孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。
考查比较级。分析句子结构可知,此处为“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”结构,表示“越……就越……”。故选D。
4.—Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ in the world
—Yes, it’ s bigger than ________ city in China.
A.the biggest city; other B.the biggest cities; other
C.the biggest city; any other D.the biggest cities; any other
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你知道上海是世界上最大的城市之一吗?——是的,它比中国任何其他城市都大。
考查比较级。第一句是“one of the+最高级+复数名词”的结构,表示“最……之一”,排除A/C选项;other其他的,后接复数名词;any other任何其他的,后接单数名词,结合第二空后的名词“city”可知,此处需用any other修饰。故选D。
5.The book he recommended is ________ than the one I read last week.
A.boring B.much boring C.most boring D.much more boring
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他推荐的书比我上周读的那本书更无聊。
考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知,此处需要用形容词的比较级形式来表示“更无聊”。选项A“boring”是原级,选项B“much boring”是错误的表达,选项C“most boring”是最高级,均不符合题意。选项D“much more boring”是正确的比较级形式,表示“更无聊”。故选D。
6.The daytime of Beijing is getting ________ in winter.
A.shorter and shorter B.warmer and warmer
C.longer and longer D.more and more
【答案】A
【详解】句意:北京的白天在冬天变得越来越短。
考查形容词。shorter and shorter越来越短;warmer and warmer越来越暖和;longer and longer越来越长;more and more越来越。根据“The daytime of Beijing is getting…in winter.”并结合常识,应该说北京的白天在冬天变得越来越短。故选A。
7.— Is Qomolangma______________ mountain in the world
— Yes. It is____________ than any other mountain.
A.higher; higher B.higher; the highest C.the highest; the highest D.the highest; higher
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山吗? ——是的。它比其他任何山都高。
考查最高级和比较级。根据“in the world”可知,空格所在句应用最高级,排除选项A和B;根据第二个空格后的“than”可知,该空格所在句用比较级,排除选项C,故选D。
8.—In the Music Club Helen plays the guitar ______ than other students.
—Yes. She even plays it as ______ as her music teacher.
A.more beautifully; well B.more beautifully; better C.beautifully; well D.most beautifully; best
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——在音乐俱乐部,海伦的吉他弹得比其他学生好。——是的。她甚至弹得和她的音乐老师一样好。
考查形容词比较级的用法。根据“than other students”可知第一个空用形容词的比较级,排除C、D;as+形容词/副词+as“和……一样”,固定搭配,故第二个空填well。故选A。
9.If overweight people eat ________ and take more exercise, they will soon feel ________ healthier.
A.less; more B.less; much C.more; more D.more; less
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果超重的人少吃多锻炼,他们很快会感觉更健康。
考查副词和比较级的修饰词。less更少;more更多,更加;much更,修饰形容词比较级。根据“overweight people eat ... and take more exercise”和“ they will soon feel ...healthier”及常识可知,超重的人要少吃多运动,才会更健康,修饰比较级healthier,用much,故选B。
10.—Chen Yufei won her third championship (冠军) at the BWF China Masters.
—I think it was really ________ moment for her in her life.
A.more excited B.the most excited C.more exciting D.the most exciting
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——陈雨菲在世界羽联中国大师赛上赢得了她的第三个冠军。——我认为这真的是她人生中最激动人心的时刻。
考查最高级和形容词辨析。 excited感到兴奋的,修饰人;exciting令人激动的,修饰物。根据从句主语“it ”可知,应用“exciting”来修饰。根据“in her life”可知,此处表达人生中最激动的时刻,应用形容词“exciting”的最高级形式。故选D。
11.— Peter, do you know something about the Changjiang River
— It is the third ________ river in the world.
A.longer B.longest C.wider D.widest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——彼得,你了解长江的相关情况吗?——它是世界上第三长的河流。
考查形容词最高级。longer更长的;longest最长的;wider更宽的;widest最宽的。根据下文“in the world”提示,三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词的最高级形式,且根据常识可知,长江是世界第三长河,故空格处应填形容词最高级longest,意为“最长的”,故选B。
12.Sun Cinema has ________ seats of all the cinemas in the city.
A.comfortable B.more comfortable C.most comfortable D.the most comfortable
【答案】D
【详解】句意:太阳电影院有这个城市所有电影院中最舒服的座位。
考查形容词的最高级。根据“of all the cinemas in the city”可知此处应用形容词的最高级修饰名词seats,comfortable的最高级为the most comfortable。故选D。
13.Luxun is one of ________ in China.
A.the most famous writers B.the most famous writer
C.more famous writer D.the famousest writers
【答案】A
【详解】句意:鲁迅是中国最著名的作家之一。
考查形容词最高级。这句话使用了句型“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”,意为“最……的……之一”,famous的最高级形式是most famous。故选A。
14.Mess (梅西) is ________ football player among most young people.
A.popular B.more popular C.the most popular D.the more popular
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在大多数年轻人中,梅西是最受欢迎的足球运动员。
考查最高级。根据“among most young people”可知,此处指最受欢迎的足球运动员,用最高级most popular,最高级前加定冠词the。故选C。
15.China is almost as ________ as the US, and it is the ________ country in Asia.
A.big; bigger B.big; biggest C.bigger; biggest D.biggest; biggest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国几乎和美国一样大,它是亚洲最大的国家。
考查形容词原级和最高级。as+形容词/副词原级+as表示“和……一样……”,因此第一空应用原级,排除C和D;根据“in Asia”可知第二空应用最高级。故选B。
16.I think health is _________ thing in the world that one ought to have.
A.important B.more important C.most important D.the most important
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我认为健康是世界上一个人应该拥有的最重要的东西。
考查形容词最高级。根据语境及横线后“in the world”可知,此处应用最高级形式,形容词的最高级前要加定冠词the。故选D。
17.Which country is ________, China, Canada or Russia
A.large B.larger C.the largest D.the larger
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国、加拿大和俄罗斯哪个国家最大?
考查最高级。根据空后的“China, Canada or Russia”可知,此处为三者之间的比较,应用最高级形式。故选C。
18.Of all the students in my class, Mary writes ________.
A.the most carefully B.more carefully C.more careful D.the most careful
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在我班的所有学生中,梅西写得最仔细。
考查副词的最高级。the most carefully最仔细地;more carefully更仔细地;more careful更仔细的;the most careful最仔细的。分析句子结构可知,这里应用副词,做状语,修饰动词writes;根据“Of all the students in my class”可知,是三者以上比较,用最高级。故选A。
19.Who listens ________ in class, Tom, Jack or Jill
A.the most carefully B.more carefully C.the most careful D.more careful
【答案】A
【详解】句意:谁听得最认真,Tom,Jack还是Bill?
考查副词的最高级。the most carefully最认真地;more carefully更认真地;the most careful最认真的;more careful更认真的。listen是动词,用副词修饰;根据“Tom, Jack or Bill”可知,用最高级。careful“认真的”,形容词;carefully“认真地”,副词,最高级是the most carefully。故选A。
20.—Which clothes store is ________, Bill’s or Jason’s
—Bill’s. You can buy clothes the most ________ there.
A.cheaper; cheapest B.more cheaper; cheapest
C.more cheaper; cheaply D.cheaper; cheaply
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——哪个服装店比较便宜,比尔的还是杰森的?——比尔的。在那里你可以买到最便宜的衣服。
考查比较级和最高级。cheap-cheaper-cheapest“便宜——更便宜——最便宜”,形容词;cheaply-more cheaply-most cheaply“便宜地-更便宜地-最便宜地”,副词。首空be+adj构成“系表结构”,根据A or B结构可知两者之间用比较级;第二空修饰动词buy,用副词,且根据most可知是最高级。故选D。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.My friend Mary is (funny) than anyone I know.
【答案】funnier
【详解】句意:我的朋友玛丽比我认识的任何人都有趣。根据“than”可知,空处应该填比较级,funny的比较级是funnier。故填funnier。
2.You should go to sleep a little earlier tonight. Then you will feel much (well).
【答案】better
【详解】句意:你今晚应该早点睡觉。 然后你会感觉好多了。much修饰比较级,此处填well的比较级better。故填better。
3.The lights are (bright) in this room than those in the next one.
【答案】brighter
【详解】句意:这个房间的灯比隔壁房间的灯更亮。bright“明亮的”,根据“than”可知,此处用bright的比较级brighter“更亮”,故填brighter。
4.There’s nothing (bad) than going out with wet hair in the cold.
【答案】worse
【详解】句意:没有什么比在寒冷中湿头发出门更糟糕的了。根据than可知,空处填比较级。bad的比较级是worse,故填worse。
5.The more you check your test papers, the fewer mistakes you will make. (care)
【答案】carefully
【详解】句意:你检查试卷越仔细,你犯的错误就越少。根据“you check your test papers,”可知,此处是指仔细地检查试卷。本句是“The+比较级,the+比较级”结构;修饰动词“check ”需用副词形式carefully,more carefully是其比较级。故填carefully。
6.Everyone in the class gets bread, but John has the (little) bread of all the students.
【答案】least
【详解】句意:班里的每个人都有面包,但是在所有学生中,John的面包最少。根据“of all the students”可知,本句有比较范围,且空前有修饰最高级的“the”,本空应该填写little的最高级形式least,意为“最少的”。故填least。
7.Li Ming is one of the (clever) boys in our class.
【答案】cleverest
【详解】句意:李明是我们班最聪明的男孩之一。根据“one of the…boys in our class”可知,此处是one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围,表示“……中最……之一”,clever的最高级是cleverest。故填cleverest。
8.The Yellow River is about 5,464 kilometers long, it is the second river in China. (long)
【答案】longest
【详解】句意:黄河全长大约5464公里,是中国第二长河。根据“Yellow River is about 5,464 kilometers long”及常识可知,黄河是中国第二长的河流,再根据“the second”以及“in China”可知,空处需用最高级。long“长的”的最高级为longest。故填longest。
9.Chongqing is (beauty) city that I have ever known.
【答案】the most beautiful
【详解】句意:重庆是我曾经知道的最美丽的城市。city为名词,前面用形容词修饰。beauty的形容词形式为beautiful,根据后文“that I have ever known”可知,此处要用最高级形式。故填the most beautiful。
10.We think that Funky Fashions has the (bad) clothes in town.
【答案】worst
【详解】句意:我们认为Funky Fashions的衣服是镇上最差的。bad“差的,坏的”,形容词,又根据“in town”可知,该句表示“镇上最差的衣服”,应用其对应的形容词最高级worst表示“最差的”。故填worst。
提升训练
1.(23-24八年级下·江西吉安·期末)—Which room shall we live in, this one or that one
—This one. It is ________ wider. It’s comfortable for us three to live in it.
A.few B.more C.much D.very
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我们住哪个房间,这间还是那间?——这间。这间宽的多。我们三个住很舒服。
考查副词辨析。few通常用于修饰可数名词,表示“很少”;more更多,表示比较级,适合用于比较两个事物;much很,非常,修饰比较级;very很,非常,表示程度,但不适用于比较级形式。根据“It’s comfortable for us three to live in it.”可知,这里需要表达的是这个房间比那个房间更宽,三个人住很舒服,且much修饰比较级。故选C。
2.(23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末)Jim chose the second task. It was ________ than the first one.
A.easy B.easier C.easiest D.the easiest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:吉姆选择了第二个任务。它比第一个更容易。
考查形容词比较级。easy容易的,形容词原级;easier形容词比较级。easiest形容词最高级;the easiestt形容词最高级。根据“It was...than the first one.”可知,此处为比较级。故选B。
3.(23-24八年级下·云南西双版纳·期末)—China is over 5,000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world.
—Yes. It has much ________ history than the USA.
A.old; long B.older; longer C.the oldest; longer D.the oldest; the longer
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——中国有五千多年的历史。它是世界上最古老的国家之一。——是的。它的历史比美国要悠久得多。
考查形容词比较级和最高级。old古老的;long长的;older更古老的;longer更长的;the oldest最古老的。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”,所以第一个空用the oldest;第二个空根据“than”可知要用比较级,much修饰比较级,long的比较级是longer,比较级前不用the。故选C。
4.(23-24八年级下·安徽池州·期末)—________ you smile, ________ you will feel.
—Thank you for your advice.
A.Much; happy B.The much; the happy C.The more; the happier D.The more; more happy
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你笑得越多,你就会感到越开心。——谢谢你的建议。
考查句型“the +比较级,the+比较级”。much很多地;happy高兴的;more更多的,比较级;happier更开心的,比较级。这句话使用了句型“the +比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……就越……”。故选C。
5.(23-24八年级下·江西宜春·期末)—2,000 yuan for a new tooth
—Well, you can choose a ________ one if you like.
A.cheaper B.lower C.cheapest D.lowest
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——一颗新牙2000元?——好吧,如果你喜欢,你可以选择一个更便宜的。
考查形容词辨析和比较级。cheaper更便宜的;lower更低的;cheapest最便宜的;lowest最低的。根据问句可知,说话者觉得一颗新牙2000元有点贵,因此答句应是说可以选择一个更便宜的。故选A。
6.(23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期末)Of the two girls, Ellen is ________ one. You can see her easily.
A.taller B.tall C.the taller D.the tallest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这两个女孩中,Ellen个子较高。你很容易看到她。
考查形容词比较级。taller更高的,形容词比较级;tall高的,形容词原级;the tallest最高的,形容词最高级。根据“Of the two girls”可知,此处指两个女生的范围内,Ellen是更高的一个,应用其形容词比较级形式,且当强调“两者中较……”的一方时,需要在比较级前加the,表特指,意为“更高的那个人”。故选C。
7.(23-24八年级下·四川广元·期末)Suzy always has new ideas. She is ________ of all the girls in her class.
A.creative B.more creative C.the most creative D.the creative
【答案】C
【详解】句意:苏西总是有新的想法。她是她班上最有创意的女孩。
考查最高级。根据“of all the girls in her class”可知,是指她是班上所有女孩中最有创意的,为三者及以上的比较,用最高级the most creative。故选C。
8.(22-23八年级下·辽宁盘锦·期末)Beijing Opera is one of _________ Chinese arts. The roles of it mainly include Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo and Chou.
A.ancient B.more ancient
C.the most ancient D.most ancient
【答案】C
【详解】句意:京剧是中国最古老的艺术之一。它的角色主要包括生、旦、净、末和丑。
考查形容词最高级的用法。ancient古老的,形容词;“one of +the+最高级+名词复数”表示“……中最……之一”,固定句型,所以空处应用形容词最高级,常与the连用。故选C。
9.(22-23八年级下·江西吉安·期末)Of all the subjects, chemistry seems to be ________ for me. I always fail in the exams.
A.easier B.more difficult C.the most difficult D.easiest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在所有科目中,化学对我来说似乎是最难的。我总是考试不及格。
考查形容词辨析和最高级。easier更容易的;more difficult更困难的;the most difficult最困难的;easiest最容易的。根据“I always fail in the exams.”可知化学对于我而言很难;再根据“Of all the subjects”可知所有科目进行比较,应用最高级。故选C。
10.(22-23八年级下·江西宜春·期末)Have you heard of Yichun, Lithium Capital (锂都) of Asia It has ________ Lithium mica ore (锂云母矿) in the world.
A.smaller B.the smallest C.bigger D.the biggest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你听说过亚洲锂都宜春吗?它拥有世界上最大的锂云母矿。
考查形容词辨析和最高级。smaller更小;the smallest最小;bigger更大;the biggest最大。根据“Have you heard of Yichun, Lithium Capital (锂都) of Asia”可知它是锂都,所以拥有世界上最大的锂云母矿,应用形容词的最高级。故选D。
11.(23-24八年级下·四川凉山·期末)—Where can I buy the clothes ________ in the town
—Dream Clothes. But the service there is much worse than any other clothes store.
A.cheaper B.more cheaply C.the cheapest D.the most cheaply
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我可以在我们镇哪里以最便宜的价格买到衣服? ——梦想衣服店。但是那里的服务比任何其他衣服店都更差。
考查副词修饰动词及其最高级。cheaper更便宜的;more cheaply更便宜地;the cheapest最便宜的;the most cheaply最便宜地。分析句子结构可知,应填副词以修饰谓语动词“buy”,因此选用cheaply。然后根据“in the town”和答句“But the service there is much worse than any other clothes store.”可知“Dream Clothes”与镇里所有的衣服店在比较,因此选用cheaply的最高级形式“the most cheaply”。故选D。
12.(22-23八年级下·辽宁抚顺·期末)Flora sings ________ of my friends. We all enjoy her beautiful voice.
A.well B.good C.better D.best
【答案】D
【详解】句意:弗洛拉是我朋友中唱得最好的。我们都喜欢她优美的嗓音。
考查副词。well很好,为副词;good好的,形容词;better更好,为good/well的比较级; best最好,为good/well的最高级。根据“of my friends.”可知,设空处使用最高级best,用来修饰动词sings。故选D。
13.(23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末)Generally speaking, the more you pay, _______ you will get better service.
A.the more easily B.the easier C.the harder D.the more hardly
【答案】A
【详解】句意:一般来说,你付的钱越多,你就会越容易得到更好的服务。
考查副词比较级。根据“the more you pay”可知此处是“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”的结构,表示“越……,越……”。这里需要用副词的比较级来修饰动词get,此处表达的是付的钱越多,越容易得到更好的服务,easily的比较级是more easily,故选A。
14.(23-24八年级下·陕西西安·期末)Tom is much older this year, so he walks ________ than before.
A.slow B.slower C.slowly D.more slowly
【答案】D
【详解】句意:汤姆今年变老了不少,所以他走得比以前慢了。
考查副词比较级。slow慢的,形容词;slower更慢的,比较级;slowly慢地,副词;more slowly更慢地。根据“than”可知,应用比较级,此处修饰动词,应用副词比较级,故选D。
15.(22-23八年级下·河北沧州·期末)—Sandy always does her homework ________ than her brother.
—I agree with you.
A.carefully B.more carefully C.careful D.more careful
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——桑迪总是比她哥哥更认真地做作业。——我同意你的观点。
考查比较级。carefully认真地,仔细地;more carefully更认真地;careful仔细的;more careful更仔细的。根据“than”可知,应用比较级;再根据“does her homework”可知,应用副词carefully修饰动词do。故选B。
16.(23-24八年级上·安徽安庆·期末)Who sings ________, Jane or Jane’s cousin
A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.beautifully D.more beautifully
【答案】D
【详解】句意:谁唱得更优美,简还是简的表妹?
考查比较级。根据“Jane or Jane’s cousin”可知,两者比较用比较级,且此处修饰动词sings,用副词beautifully,所以是副词的比较级more beautifully。故选D。
17.(23-24八年级下·江西新余·期末)Tom loves animals, so he looks after Amy’s pet dog ________ of all her friends.
A.more careful B.the most careful C.more carefully D.the most carefully
【答案】D
【详解】句意:Tom爱动物,因此在Amy所有的朋友中他照顾她的宠物狗最认真。
考查副词最高级。more careful更仔细的,形容词比较级;the most careful最仔细的,形容词最高级;more carefully更仔细地,副词比较级;the most carefully最仔细地,副词最高级。根据“of all her friends”可知,此处表示最高级的含义,应用最高级形式;分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词形式,作状语。故选D。
18.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末)—My new pencil case is as ________ as yours.
—That’s true. But mine is more beautiful than yours.
A.big B.bigger C.the biggest D.biggest
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我的新铅笔盒和你的一样大。——的确是这样,但我的比你的更漂亮。
考查形容词原级比较。big大的,形容词原级;bigger更大的,形容词比较级;the biggest最大的,the+形容词最高级;biggest最大的,形容词最高级。根据“as…as”结构可知,此处需用形容词原级big。故选A。
19.(23-24八年级下·重庆沙坪坝·期末)—Remember to put on warm clothes. It’s getting _________ these days.
—I wish the weather in winter could be as _________ as that in spring.
A.hotter; warm B.colder; warm C.hotter; warmer D.colder; warmer
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——记得穿上暖和的衣服。这几天越来越冷了。——我希望冬天的天气能像春天一样温暖。
考查形容词的比较级和原级。根据“Remember to put on warm clothes.”可知这几天变冷了,故用形容词的比较级colder;as+形容词/副词的原级+as意为“和……一样”。故选B。
20.(23-24八年级下·四川遂宁·期末)In my hometown, it is very ________ in July, but it is much ________ in August.
A.hotter; hottest B.hot; hoter C.hotter; hot D.hot; hotter
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在我的家乡,七月很热,但是八月更热。
考查形容词原级和形容词比较级。分析“it is very...in July”可知,此处没有比较之意,且very常用于修饰形容词原级,所以第一空应用形容词原级hot;分析“but it is much...in August”可知,此处暗含比较之意,是将七月和八月的天气做比较,且much常用于修饰形容词比较级,所以第二空应用形容词比较级hotter。故选D。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题03 形容词和副词的比较等级
一、基本用法
(一)概述
英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级,以此表示人或事物的等级差别。形容词和副词的比较级用于两者之间的比较,表示“较……”或“更……一些”;形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较,表示“最……”,形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the可以省略。
(二)比较等级的构成
形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则变化
单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est High–higher–highest fast–faster– fastest
以字母e结尾的词,直接加-r或-st nice–nicer–nicest late–later–latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i,再加-er或-est busy–busier–busiest early–earlier–earliest
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母, 再加-er或-es. hot–hotter–hottest thin–thinner–thinnest
多音节和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most difficult–more difficult–most difficult quickly–more quickly–most quickly
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/ well(好地,健康的) better best
bad(坏的)/ill(有病的)/ badly(坏地;恶劣地) worse worst
many(许多)/ much(许多) more most
little(少的) less least
far(远的/地) farther(指距离)较远 further(指距离和抽象概念)较远 farthest(指距离)最远 furthest(指距离和抽象概念)最远
old(老的) older elder(指年长的) oldest eldest
二、特殊用法
(一)比较级的修饰语
1. 在比较级前常用much(……得多),even(甚至),still(更),a little(一点),a bit(有点),a lot(很多)等来修饰,表示程度进一步加深。
I am much older than my brother.我比我弟弟大得多。
Lin Ping is a little more outgoing than me.林萍比我更外向一点。
2. very, quite, too等程度副词一般只修饰形容词原级,不能修饰比较级。
This tree is very tall. 这棵树很高。
(二)形容词和副词原级比较的两种句型
1. the same as...意为“与……一致,与……相同的”。
His dream is the same as mine. 他的梦想和我的一样。
2.“as+形容词/副词原级+as...”表示……和……一样”,否定结构为“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”,表示“第一个人/物在……比不上第二个”。
This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
(三)形容词与副词的比较级的常用句型结构
1. A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B. ,表示“A比B……”。
I think English is less important than maths. 我认为英语不如数学重要。
2. Which/Who+谓语动词比较级,A or B ,or连接两个选项,表示对两者的比较或选择,意为“A和B,哪个/谁更……?”。
Which is heavier, pig or an elephant 一头猪和一头大象哪个重?
Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei 林涛和韩梅谁的书更多?
3. get/become+比较级+and+比较级,意为“变得越来越……”,and连接两个相同的形容词比较级,当形容词是多音节或部分双音节词时,结构变为“get/ become more and more+形容词原级”。
It's getting colder and colder when winter comes. 当冬天来临时,天气变得越来越冷。
Our hometown is getting more and more beautiful我们的家乡正变得越来越美丽。
4. the+比较级,the+比较级,意为“越……,就越……”,表示两个过程按比例同时增减。
The more, the better. 多多益善。
The harder you study, the better grades you'll get. 你学习越努力,就越能取得好成绩。
5. “主语+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+...”意为“主语是两者中较……的那个。”,是特指的情况。
Jack is the taller of the two. 杰克是两个人中较高的一个。
6. 主语+谓语动词+比较级+ than any other+单数名词. 表示“一个人或物比同一范围内的任何其他一个都……”。
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他任何一个城市都大。
(四)形容词与副词的最高级的常用句型
形容词与副词的最高级常用于三者或三者以上人或事(物)之间的比较,在表示最高程度,即表示其中一个在某方面“最……”时使用。在句中使用时,形容词最高级前通常用the,句中常含有表示比较范围的介词of或in;of后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词,in后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词,常用句型结构为:
1. 主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+名词/代词)+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……的(……)”。
Spring is the best season of year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
2. 主语实义动词(+the)+副词最高级+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……的”。
Jack works (the) hardest in our class. 在我们班杰克学习最努力。
3. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……
的……之一”。
New York is one of the biggest cities in the world. 纽约是世界上最大的城市之一。
4. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语. 意为“……在……中是第几……的……”。
The Yangtze River is the first longest river in our country. 长江是我们国家的第一长河。
5. Which/Who+谓语动词(+the)+最高级,A,B or C 意为“A、B和C,哪个/谁最……?”。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon 太阳地球和月球,哪一个最大?
Who runs (the) fastest, Kate, Tom or Mike 谁跑得最快,凯特、汤姆还是迈克?
(五)比较级的替代
使用比较级时,前后两个比较项要保持一致。若前一个比较项是不可数名词,则后一个比较项可为替代词that。若前一个比较项是复数名词,则后一个比较项可为替代词those。
The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter. 在冬天南京的天气比北京暖和。
There are more students in Class 1 than those in Class2. 一班的学生比二班的学生多。
三、注意事项
1. 使用比较级的基本原则:不做比较用原级,两者比较用比较级,多者比较用最高级。
2. 比较的对象要保持前后一致。
Your coat looks more beautiful than mine. 你的大衣比我的好看。
3. 避免将主语包含在比较对象中
China is bigger than any country in Africa. (×)
China is bigger than any other country in Africa. (√)
4. “a/an+比较级”表示“又一/再一更……的”。
My daughter has a doll, but she wants a bigger one. 我女儿有一个玩具娃娃,但是她还想要一个更大的。
5. 最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时,其前不用加the。
My eldest daughter is10 years old. 我最大的女儿10岁。
6. 形容词最高级前加不定冠词a,不表示比较,而表示“非常”的意思。
Spring is best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。
7. most同形容词连用而不用the,表示“极,很,非常,十分”。
It is most useful book. 它是一本非常有用的书。
四、比较结构的同义转换
1. more...than与less...than, not as/so...as的转换
Her sister is more intelligent than her.
=She is less intelligent than her sister.
=She isn't as/so intelligent as her sister. 她的妹妹比她要聪明。
2. 最高级与no...more than的转换
Maths is the most difficult subject of all.
=No subject is more difficult than maths. 数学是所有学科中最难的。
3. 比较级形式表示最高级意义
(1)比较级+than+ other+可数名词单数。
(2)比较级+than+anyone/anything else.
(3)比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数。
(4)比较级+any of the other+可数名词复数。
基础训练
一、单项选择
1.There are lots of rivers in China. The Yangtze River is longer than ________ river in China.
A.any B.other C.others D.any other
2.After taking basketball classes, David is much ________ than last year.
A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.the strongest
3.The earlier kids learn to be independent, ________ it is for their future.
A.the best B.good C.better D.the better
4.—Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ in the world
—Yes, it’ s bigger than ________ city in China.
A.the biggest city; other B.the biggest cities; other
C.the biggest city; any other D.the biggest cities; any other
5.The book he recommended is ________ than the one I read last week.
A.boring B.much boring C.most boring D.much more boring
6.The daytime of Beijing is getting ________ in winter.
A.shorter and shorter B.warmer and warmer
C.longer and longer D.more and more
7.— Is Qomolangma______________ mountain in the world
— Yes. It is____________ than any other mountain.
A.higher; higher B.higher; the highest C.the highest; the highest D.the highest; higher
8.—In the Music Club Helen plays the guitar ______ than other students.
—Yes. She even plays it as ______ as her music teacher.
A.more beautifully; well B.more beautifully; better C.beautifully; well D.most beautifully; best
9.If overweight people eat ________ and take more exercise, they will soon feel ________ healthier.
A.less; more B.less; much C.more; more D.more; less
10.—Chen Yufei won her third championship (冠军) at the BWF China Masters.
—I think it was really ________ moment for her in her life.
A.more excited B.the most excited C.more exciting D.the most exciting
11.— Peter, do you know something about the Changjiang River
— It is the third ________ river in the world.
A.longer B.longest C.wider D.widest
12.Sun Cinema has ________ seats of all the cinemas in the city.
A.comfortable B.more comfortable C.most comfortable D.the most comfortable
13.Luxun is one of ________ in China.
A.the most famous writers B.the most famous writer
C.more famous writer D.the famousest writers
14.Mess (梅西) is ________ football player among most young people.
A.popular B.more popular C.the most popular D.the more popular
15.China is almost as ________ as the US, and it is the ________ country in Asia.
A.big; bigger B.big; biggest C.bigger; biggest D.biggest; biggest
16.I think health is _________ thing in the world that one ought to have.
A.important B.more important C.most important D.the most important
17.Which country is ________, China, Canada or Russia
A.large B.larger C.the largest D.the larger
18.Of all the students in my class, Mary writes ________.
A.the most carefully B.more carefully C.more careful D.the most careful
19.Who listens ________ in class, Tom, Jack or Jill
A.the most carefully B.more carefully C.the most careful D.more careful
20.—Which clothes store is ________, Bill’s or Jason’s
—Bill’s. You can buy clothes the most ________ there.
A.cheaper; cheapest B.more cheaper; cheapest
C.more cheaper; cheaply D.cheaper; cheaply
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.My friend Mary is (funny) than anyone I know.
2.You should go to sleep a little earlier tonight. Then you will feel much (well).
3.The lights are (bright) in this room than those in the next one.
4.There’s nothing (bad) than going out with wet hair in the cold.
5.The more you check your test papers, the fewer mistakes you will make. (care)
6.Everyone in the class gets bread, but John has the (little) bread of all the students.
7.Li Ming is one of the (clever) boys in our class.
8.The Yellow River is about 5,464 kilometers long, it is the second river in China. (long)
9.Chongqing is (beauty) city that I have ever known.
10.We think that Funky Fashions has the (bad) clothes in town.
提升训练
1.(23-24八年级下·江西吉安·期末)—Which room shall we live in, this one or that one
—This one. It is ________ wider. It’s comfortable for us three to live in it.
A.few B.more C.much D.very
2.(23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末)Jim chose the second task. It was ________ than the first one.
A.easy B.easier C.easiest D.the easiest
3.(23-24八年级下·云南西双版纳·期末)—China is over 5,000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world.
—Yes. It has much ________ history than the USA.
A.old; long B.older; longer C.the oldest; longer D.the oldest; the longer
4.(23-24八年级下·安徽池州·期末)—________ you smile, ________ you will feel.
—Thank you for your advice.
A.Much; happy B.The much; the happy C.The more; the happier D.The more; more happy
5.(23-24八年级下·江西宜春·期末)—2,000 yuan for a new tooth
—Well, you can choose a ________ one if you like.
A.cheaper B.lower C.cheapest D.lowest
6.(23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期末)Of the two girls, Ellen is ________ one. You can see her easily.
A.taller B.tall C.the taller D.the tallest
7.(23-24八年级下·四川广元·期末)Suzy always has new ideas. She is ________ of all the girls in her class.
A.creative B.more creative C.the most creative D.the creative
8.(22-23八年级下·辽宁盘锦·期末)Beijing Opera is one of _________ Chinese arts. The roles of it mainly include Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo and Chou.
A.ancient B.more ancient
C.the most ancient D.most ancient
9.(22-23八年级下·江西吉安·期末)Of all the subjects, chemistry seems to be ________ for me. I always fail in the exams.
A.easier B.more difficult C.the most difficult D.easiest
10.(22-23八年级下·江西宜春·期末)Have you heard of Yichun, Lithium Capital (锂都) of Asia It has ________ Lithium mica ore (锂云母矿) in the world.
A.smaller B.the smallest C.bigger D.the biggest
11.(23-24八年级下·四川凉山·期末)—Where can I buy the clothes ________ in the town
—Dream Clothes. But the service there is much worse than any other clothes store.
A.cheaper B.more cheaply C.the cheapest D.the most cheaply
12.(22-23八年级下·辽宁抚顺·期末)Flora sings ________ of my friends. We all enjoy her beautiful voice.
A.well B.good C.better D.best
13.(23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末)Generally speaking, the more you pay, _______ you will get better service.
A.the more easily B.the easier C.the harder D.the more hardly
14.(23-24八年级下·陕西西安·期末)Tom is much older this year, so he walks ________ than before.
A.slow B.slower C.slowly D.more slowly
15.(22-23八年级下·河北沧州·期末)—Sandy always does her homework ________ than her brother.
—I agree with you.
A.carefully B.more carefully C.careful D.more careful
16.(23-24八年级上·安徽安庆·期末)Who sings ________, Jane or Jane’s cousin
A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.beautifully D.more beautifully
17.(23-24八年级下·江西新余·期末)Tom loves animals, so he looks after Amy’s pet dog ________ of all her friends.
A.more careful B.the most careful C.more carefully D.the most carefully
18.(23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末)—My new pencil case is as ________ as yours.
—That’s true. But mine is more beautiful than yours.
A.big B.bigger C.the biggest D.biggest
19.(23-24八年级下·重庆沙坪坝·期末)—Remember to put on warm clothes. It’s getting _________ these days.
—I wish the weather in winter could be as _________ as that in spring.
A.hotter; warm B.colder; warm C.hotter; warmer D.colder; warmer
20.(23-24八年级下·四川遂宁·期末)In my hometown, it is very ________ in July, but it is much ________ in August.
A.hotter; hottest B.hot; hoter C.hotter; hot D.hot; hotter
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