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专题01 现在完成时的用法
一、基本用法
（一）现在完成时的用法
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常和just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever（曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。
—Have you had breakfast yet？你吃过早饭了吗？
—Yes, have. I've just had it. 是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和时间状语“for+段时间”或“since+表示过去的时间点或从句”连用。
He has taught French for five years. 他教法语五年了。
He has taught French since he came to this school. 他自从来到这个学校就一直教法语了。
（二）现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。
（三）现在完成时的句式结构
1. 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。
I have seen the film. 我看过那部电影。
2. 否定句：主语+have/ has not (haven't/hasn't)+过去分词+其他.
Tom hasn't finished his homework. 汤姆还没有完成他的家庭作业。
I haven't met him since last week. 从上周到现在我一直没有见过他。
3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语have/has.
否定回答：No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.
—Have you ever climbed that mountain 你爬过那座山吗？
—Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. 是的，我爬过。/不，我没有。
4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？
How long have you worked in Japan 你在日本工作多长时间了？
（四）动词过去分词的变化规则
动词过去分词的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则变化
（1）一般情况加-ed finish—finished
（2）以-e结尾的，加-d。live—lived
（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i加-ed。carry—carried
（4）重读闭音节单词，并且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。stop—stopped
2. 不规则变化
不规则变化见《不规则动词表》。
3.现在完成时的几个标志词
(1)just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。
(2)ever意为“曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Have you ever been to Shanghai 你曾去过上海吗
(3)never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
(4)before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
I think we’ve met before.我觉得我们以前见过面。
(5)since+时间点,for+时间段。
I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。
(6)already意为“已经”通常用于完成时的肯定句中，放在助动词have/has后，过去分词前或句尾。
We have already read the book. 我们已经读过这本书了。
(7)yet用于完成时的疑问句和否定句中，意为“已经”，通常放于句末。
Have you found your wallet yet 你已经找到你钱包了吗？
I haven't found my wallet yet. 我还没找到我的钱包。
4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
(1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。
我离开这所学校已八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.
【温馨提示】不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。
(2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
①将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
come be here
go be there
finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
put on wear
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
lose not have
join be in
leave be away
arrive/reach be
②将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
③用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。
It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。
5.have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别
形式 意义及用法说明 例句
have been to 表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地 Have you ever been to New York 你曾去过纽约吗 (人已回来)
have gone to have gone to则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,总之,现在还未回来 Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来)
have been in have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词 The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。 Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 The Greens are in Nanjing now.They have been here for half a year.格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。
6.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
时态 意义及用法说明 例句
侧重点 不同 现在完成时　 与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。(说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解)
一般过去时　 是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关 I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。(仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关)
连用的 时间状 语不同 现在完成时　 与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park 你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗
一般过去时　 一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用 Father bought this bike five years ago.父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。
基础训练
1．—Why won’t you go to see the film with me, Betty
—Because I ________ it twice.
A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——为什么你不和我一起去看电影，Betty？——因为我看过两次了。
考查时态。根据“twice”可知，因为看过两次，所以不去看电影。此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。故选C。
2．—________ you ________ of the International Museum of Toilets in India yet
— No, not yet.
A．Has; heard B．Have ; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你听说过印度的国际厕所博物馆吗？——不，没有听过。
考查动词时态。根据答语“No, not yet”可判断问句要用现在完成时have/has done的结构，根据you可知，助动词用have，故选B。
3．—__________ you ever __________ the book, Journey to the West
—Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.
A．Do; read B．Are; reading
C．Will; read D．Have; read
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你曾经读过《西游记》这本书吗？——是的，我读过。它很精彩。
考查句子时态。根据答语“Yes, I have.”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。
4．—Where is your sister, Cathy
—She ______ to the Snow County in Heilongjiang. She will be back this Sunday.
A．has been B．has gone C．went D．will go
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——凯西，你妹妹在哪儿？——她去了黑龙江的雪乡。她将在这个星期天回来。
考查现在完成时态。根据“She will be back this Sunday.”和“to the Snow County in Heilongjiang”可知，凯西的妹妹已经去了黑龙江的雪乡，句子时态用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has + 动词的过去分词。have gone to表示去了某地，或者在去某地的路上，是“去而未返”；have been to表示曾经去过某地，现在已经回来，即“去而已返”。根据题干中“She will be back this Sunday.”可知，妹妹去了黑龙江的雪乡，不在说话地，是“去而未返”，因此应用has gone。故选B。
5．—Have you watched Tom and Jerry
—Yes. I ______ it three times.
A．watch B．watched C．has watched D．have watched
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你看过《猫和老鼠》吗？——是的。我看了三遍。
考查动词的时态。根据“three times”可知时态是现在完成时。主语I后接have+过去分词。故选D。
6．Mary ______ reading the book last week and she ______ 50 pages so far.
A．has started; finished B．has started; has finished
C．started; has finished D．started; finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意：玛丽上周开始读这本书，到目前为止她已经读完了50页。
考查动词时态。根据“last week”可知，第一空时态用一般过去时；根据“so far”可知，第二空时态是现在完成时（have/has done）。故选C。
7．I ________ the piano club last week and I ________ two classes already.
A．join; take B．joined; took C．joined; have taken D．have joined; took
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我上周加入了钢琴俱乐部，已经上了两节课了。
考查时态。根据“last week”可知，第一空用一般过去时；根据“already”可知，第二空用现在完成时，其构成为“has/have done”，故选C。
8．—How do you like Mount Huang, Lucy
—Oh, I ________ such a beautiful place before.
A．don’t visit B．didn’t visit C．haven’t visited D．can’t visit
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——Lucy，你觉得黄山怎么样？——哦，我以前从未去过这么美丽的地方。
考查时态。根据“before”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。
9．I’m surprised at the new look of Jingdezhen City. It ________ a lot over the past few years.
A．changes B．has changed C．will change D．is changing
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我对景德镇市的新面貌感到惊讶。在过去的几年里，它发生了很大的变化。
考查时态。根据“over the past few years”可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成影响，时态为现在完成时。故选B。
10．I ________ the book Oliver Twist yet, so I know nothing about it now.
A．have read B．haven’t read C．read D．didn’t read
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我还没有读过《雾都孤儿》，所以我现在对它一无所知。
考查时态。根据yet可知，时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，根据“so I know nothing about it now.”可知，应为否定回答。故选B。
11．—Hurry up! The movie ________.
—Don’t hurry! Safety comes first. It only started a few minutes ago.
A．has begun B．would begin C．will begin D．had begun
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——快点！电影开始了。——别急！安全第一。刚开始几分钟。
考查时态。根据“It only started a few minutes ago.”可知，电影已经开始了，应用现在完成时，其构成为“has/have done”，故选A。
12．Hurry up! The film ________ for 10 minutes.
A．begins B．has begun C．is on D．has been on
【答案】D
【详解】句意：快点！电影已经开演10分钟了。
考查现在完成时。根据“for 10 minutes”可知要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；与时间段连用应用延续性动词be on而不用非延续性动词begin。故选D。
13．—How long have you had the bike
—I ________ it since I was six years old.
A．bought B．have bought C．have had D．has bought
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你有这辆自行车多久了？——自从六岁开始我就拥有了这辆自行车。
考查动词的时态。根据“since I was six years old”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，排除A；主语为“I”，助动词用have，排除D；have bought为短暂性动词，不能与since引导的时间状语连用，排除B；而have had表示延续，是延续性动词，可以与since引导的时间状语连用。故选C。
14．I have ________ the magazine for two weeks. I’ll return it this afternoon.
A．looked B．lent C．bought D．kept
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我把这本杂志保存了两个星期。我今天下午会把它还回去。
考查延续性动词和非延续性动词。looked 看，短暂性动词；lent 借出，短暂性动词；bought 买，短暂性动词；kept 保存，延续性动词。根据“for two weeks”可知句子和时间段连用，此处用延续性动词，故选kept。故选D。
15．—How long has your uncle ________ this personal computer
—Since ten years ago. He wants to buy a new one.
A．has B．bought C．kept D．have
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你叔叔用这台个人电脑多久了？——从十年前开始。他想买一个新的。
考查现在完成时。has/have拥有，延续性动词；bought购买，非延续性动词；kept保有，延续性动词。根据“since ten years ago”和“how long has your uncle”可知，时态是现在完成时且动词要用延续性动词，结构为has done。kept符合。故选C。
16．The old man ________ for five years.
A．died B．has died C．has dead D．has been dead
【答案】D
【详解】句意：那位老人已经去世五年了。
考查现在完成时。die去世，是瞬间性动词；dead死亡的，是形容词，不能单独作谓语，排除C项；be dead去世，是延续性动词。根据“for five years”可知，此处与时间段连用，用延续性动词，用现在完成时，故选D。
17．She has ________ from her hometown for nearly ten years.
A．left B．gone away C．to leave D．been away
【答案】D
【详解】句意：她离开家乡将近十年了。
考查现在完成时和延续性与非延续性动词。空前的has是现在完成时的助动词，其后接动词的过去分词，所以排除选项A和C；“for+一段时间”要与延续性动词连用，gone是go的过去分词，是非延续性动词，所以排除选项B；been是be的过去分词，be away意为“离开”，表示状态，能与一段时间连用。故选D。
18．Please hurry up! The TV play for ten minutes.
A．started B．has started C．was on D．has been on
【答案】D
【详解】句意：快点，电视剧已经开始10分钟了。
考查现在完成时。started开始，一般过去时；has started已经开始，现在完成时；was on在放映，一般过去时；has been on已经放映，现在完成时。时间状语“for ten minutes”需搭配现在完成时，可排除AC项；start是非延续性动词，不能搭配段时；be on表示状态，可延续，be的过去分词是been。故选D。
19．—Where is your father
—He ________ Australia and ________ Sydney for two weeks.
A．has gone to; has been in B．has been in; has been to
C．has gone to; has been to D．has been to; has been in
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪？——他去了澳大利亚，他在悉尼待两周。
考查现在完成时的用法。has been to表示“曾经去过某地，但现在已不在那个地方”；has gone to表示“已经去了某地，或正在去某地的途中”（即“不在这里”）；has been in是延续性动词，结合“Where is your father”及“Australia”，爸爸去了澳大利亚，还没有回来，所以第一空用has gone to；与for时间段连用，要用延续性的动作。故选A。
20．The boy ________ the train and railway set since he was five.
A．has bought B．has owned C．bought D．had
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这个男孩从五岁起就拥有了这套火车和铁路玩具。
考查现在完成时。根据“since he was five”可知，本句是现在完成时，排除CD；现在完成时和一段时间连用，谓语动词需要是延续性动词，A选项是短暂性动词，排除；B选项是延续性动词。故选B。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．She (finish) her homework already.
【答案】has finished
【详解】句意：她已经写完她的作业了。根据“already”可知，句中应该用现在完成时，动词结构是“have/has+过去分词”，句子主语是第三人称she，所以助动词用has，故填has finished。
2．The famous writer has (die) for ten years.
【答案】been dead
【详解】句意：这位著名的作家已经去世十年了。die为瞬间性动词，根据时间状语“for ten years”可知，本句应该用die的延续性动词。故填been dead。
3．—Have you ever (be) to the city park
—Yes. I (go) there last weekend.
【答案】 been went
【详解】句意：——你曾经去过城市公园吗？——是的。上周末我去那了。根据“Have”可知，横线①所在句子用现在完成时have done，be要变过去分词been；根据“last weekend”，go要变过去式went。故填been；went。
4．—Where is Mary
—She (go) to the library.
【答案】has gone
【详解】句意：——玛丽在哪儿？——她去图书馆了。根据“Where is Mary ”可知，此处说明玛丽去了图书馆，人没回来，用have/has gone to；主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has gone。
5．I like collecting stamps. So far I (collect) five hundred stamps.
【答案】have collected
【详解】句意：我喜欢集邮。到目前为止，我已经收集了五百张邮票。根据“So far”可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have，过去分词为collected。故填have collected。
6．Tina and Helen (know) each other since 2010.
【答案】have known
【详解】句意：自从2010年，Tina和Helen已经认识彼此了。根据“since 2010”可知，本句话需要用现在完成时，表示已经认识了彼此，现在完成时需要用have/has加动词的过去分词，主语Tina and Helen是复数，助动词用have。故填have known。
7．Mom, I (finish) my homework already. Let’s go for a walk.
【答案】have finished
【详解】句意：妈妈，我已经做完作业了。我们去散散步吧。根据时间副词“already”可知此句时态为“现在完成时”，其构成是have/has done，主语“I”是第一人称，助动词用have，finish的过去分词是finished，故填have finished。
8．—Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting
—No, I don’t. The teachers (not decide) yet.
【答案】haven’t decided
【详解】句意：——你知道我们什么时候举行运动会吗？——不，我不知道。老师们还没决定。根据“yet”可知用现在完成时，其构成是have/has+过去分词，主语“The teachers”是复数，助动词用have。且根据“No, I don’t.”可知是否定句，所以用haven’t，decide的过去分词是decided，故填haven’t decided。
9．25 years (pass) since Hong Kong returned to China.
【答案】has passed
【详解】句意：距离香港回归中国已经过去25年了。根据下文“since Hong Kong returned to China”可知，句子应用现在完成时，即“have +过去分词”结构。表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语时，此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数，主语为“25 years”，故have应用第三人称单数形式has，故填has passed。
10．Our school (change) a lot recently.
【答案】has changed
【详解】句意：我们学校最近变化很大。根据“recently”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has changed。
提升训练
1．（23-24八年级下·北京顺义·期末）—Lucy, is your aunt a teacher
—Yes, she is. She ________ English in this school for nearly 20 years.
A．teaches B．is teaching C．has taught D．will teach
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——Lucy，你的姑姑是老师吗？——是的，她是。她在这所学校教英语将近20年了。
考查动词的时态。根据“for nearly 20 years”可知，表示动作的持续，应使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+done，主语为She，助动词用has。故选C。
2．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）—Where is Miss Smith, Jenny
—She ________ her company for an important meeting. She left half an hour ago.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．is going to D．goes to
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——珍妮，史密斯小姐在哪里？——她去公司参加一个重要的会议。她半个小时前就离开了。
考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地；has been to去过某地；is going to将要；goes to到……去。根据“She left half an hour ago.”可知，她半个小时前就离开了，说明此时人不在这里，应用have gone to表示“去了某地（人还没回来）”。故选A。
3．（19-20八年级下·吉林长春·单元测试）—Where is your father
—He_______ Australia and he _______ Sydney for two weeks.
A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; has been in
C．has been in; has been to D．has gone to; has been to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你的父亲在哪里？——他去了澳大利亚，在悉尼待了两周了。
考查现在完成时。has been to曾经去过某地；has gone to已经去了某地；has been in待在某地。根据“Where is your father ”可知，爸爸还没有回来，所以第一空用has gone to；根据“he…Sydney for two weeks”可知，此处指“他在悉尼待了两周了”，故第二空填has been in。故选B。
4．（23-24八年级下·云南玉溪·期末）Mr. Johnson moved to Beijing at the age of 20 and ________ there ever since then.
A．has lived B．is living C．was living D．lived
【答案】A
【详解】句意：Johnson先生20岁的时候搬去了北京，自从那时候开始，就住在那里了。
考查现在完成时。根据“ever since then”可知，句子使用现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，结构为“have/has done”。故选A。
5．（23-24八年级下·安徽宿州·期末）—Mr.Liu, have you ever ________ abroad
—Yes, I ________ Singapore last week.
A．been; been to B．gone; been in C．been; gone to D．been; went to
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——刘先生，你去过国外吗？ ——是的，我上周去了新加坡。
考查现在完成时和一般过去时。have been to去过 (已经回来)，而have gone to表示“去了还未回来”。根据两人正在对话可知已回，第一空应为have been abroad，表曾经去过国外；再由时间状语“last week”可知，第二个空用一般过去式went to。故选D。
6．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Let’s turn on the TV and enjoy watching the football match.
—It’s too late. It ________ for half an hour. And the result is 1-0, China won.
A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——让我们打开电视观看足球比赛吧。——太晚了。球赛已经结束了半个小时，结果是1比0，中国队赢了。
考查现在完成时态。在现在完成时态中，当与一段时间状语连用时，谓语应用延续性动词，finish表示“完成”，begin表示“开始”，都是短暂性动词，则对应的延续性动词分别是be over和be on。根据题干中“And the result is 1-0, China won. ”可知，足球比赛已经结束了半个小时，则此处应用be over。故选D。
7．（23-24八年级下·江西萍乡·期末）—Amy __________ for two hours. Do you know where she is
—In the art room. She __________ an art lesson every Friday.
A．has been away; had B．has been away; has C．has gone; has D．has gone; had
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——艾米已经离开两个小时了。你知道她在哪里吗？——在美术室。她每周五都有艺术课。
考查现在完成时和一般现在时。be away离开，是延续性动词；go去，短暂性动词。根据“for two hours”可知，第一空时态是现在完成时，且“two hours”是时间段，和延续性动词连用，排除CD选项；再由时间状语“every Friday”可知，第二空时态为一般现在时，主语是She，谓语动词用单数第三人称has。故选B。
8．（23-24八年级下·广东江门·期末）—How long have you known your best friend
—I’ve known him ________ six years. I ________ to know him in 2018.
A．since; had begun B．for; began C．at; begin D．since; began
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你认识你最好的朋友多久了？——我认识他6年了。我在2018年就开始认识他了。
考查介词辨析、现在完成时和一般过去时。since自从；for后接一段时间；at后接具体的时刻；begin开始。根据“I’ve known him…six years.”可知，six years是一段时间，在现在完成时的句子中其前用介词for；根据“in 2018”可知所在的句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选B。
9．（23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—How long ________ you ________ your bread maker
—For about three months.
A．did; buy B．have; bought C．have; had D．have; buy
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你的面包机用了多久了？——大约三个月。
考查现在完成时。根据“For about three months”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，现在完成时和一段时间连用，谓语动词需用延续性动词，buy“买”，短暂性动词，其延续性动词为have。故选C。
10．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）— Hello! May I speak to Jack
—Sorry. He ________ to the library.
A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你好！我可以和Jack说话吗？——抱歉。他去了图书馆。
考查现在完成时及have been to和have gone to的辨析。have been to+地点：去过某地已回来；have gone to+地点：去了某地还未回来。根据“May I speak to Jack”和“Sorry”可知Jack在过去某个时间去了图书馆还未回来，而造成的影响是现在不能接电话，所以应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故选C。
11．（23-24八年级下·陕西西安·期末）—Amy, I remember you ________ several years ago.
—Yes. I ________ for five years.
A．get married; have been married B．have married; got married
C．got married; have been married D．have married; have been married
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——Amy，我记得你几年前结婚了。——是的， 我结婚五年了。
考查动词时态。根据“several years ago”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式；根据“for 3 years”可知句子用现在完成时，与时间段连用，用系表结构be married表示状态，故选C。
12．（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）Jenny can tell every street in Zhenjiang because she ________ this city for 22 years.
A．was B．has been in C．has been to D．has gone to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：Jenny可以分辨得出镇江的每一条街道，因为她已经在这个城市22年了。
考查现在完成时。was用来表示某人或某物即主语本身，用来表示某人或某物属于某一群体或有某种性质（ be的过去式 ）；has been in待在某个地方；has been to曾经到过；has gone to到某地去了。根据“for 22 years”可知句子采用现在完成时，排除A选项；根据“Jenny can tell every street in Zhenjiang”可知，她熟悉镇江的每一条街道，说明她在这个地方时间很久，谓语应用延续性动词，即用be in表示“在……”。故选B。
13．（23-24八年级下·四川达州·期末）She ________ this book ________ nearly three weeks ago.
A．has borrowed; since B．has borrowed; for C．has kept; for D．has kept; since
【答案】D
【详解】句意：她从大约三周前就一直保存着这本书。
考查现在完成时。根据“nearly three weeks ago.”可知，此处指的是“时间点”，“since+时间点”描述的是一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成时态，排除BC。英语中borrow是瞬间动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，排除A选项；故选D。
14．（23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期末）—Jenny, Would you like to see the movie with me
—It’s an interesting film, but I ________ it.
A．will see B．have seen C．see D．saw
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——珍妮，你愿意和我一起看这部电影吗？——它是一部有趣的电影，但是我已经看过了。
考查动词时态。but表转折，说明珍妮已经看过这部电影了，表过去完成的动作对现在产生了影响，应为现在完成时。故选B。
15．（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）—May I speak to Tom
—Sorry, he ________ America. But he ________ in two days.
A．has been to; will come back B．has gone to; will come back
C．has gone to; came back D．has been to; came back
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我可以跟Tom说话吗？——抱歉，他去了美国。但他在两天之后回来。
考查动词时态。has been to去过某地（已回来）；has gone to去了某地（未回来）。根据“Sorry”可知，他去了美国还没回来，故第一空应填has gone to，排除A选项。根据“in two days”可知，此处应用一般将来时will do的结构，故选B。
16．（23-24八年级下·江西赣州·期末）—Everybody is playing on the playground. Can I join them, Mr. Smith
—Why not You ________ all your homework.
A．is finishing B．have finished C．will finish D．finish
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——每个人都在操场上玩。我能加入他们吗，史密斯先生？——为什么不呢？你已经完成了所有的家庭作业。
考查动词时态。根据“all your homework.”可知，此处表示你已经完成了所有的家庭作业，该句是现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选B。
17．（23-24八年级下·吉林长春·期末）—_________ have you learned Chinese, Tina
—Since 2021. It’s been 3 years.
A．How soon B．How old C．How long D．How far
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——蒂娜，你学汉语多久了？——从2021年开始。已经3年了。
考查特殊疑问词。How soon多快；How old多大年纪；How long多长时间；How far多远。根据答句“Since 2021.”可知，此处是问时间的长短，并标志着要用现在完成时，故How long符合语境。故选C。
18．（23-24八年级下·江西南昌·期末）—Where is Kate
—She ________ America. She ________ that country for a week.
A．has been to; has been in B．has been in; has gone to
C．has gone to; has been to D．has gone to; has been in
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——Kate在哪里？——她去了美国。她在那个国家已经待了一个星期了。
考查现在完成时。has been to去过某地，已经回来；has been in待在某地多长时间了；has gone to去了某地，还未回来。根据“Where is Kate ”可知，空一处是指Kate去了美国，还没回来，用has gone to；根据“that country for a week”可知，空二处表示待在那个国家一个星期了，用has been in。故选D。
19．（22-23八年级下·辽宁铁岭·期末）—Tom, could you lend me your Harry Potter
—Sorry, I ________ reading it yet.
A．don’t finish B．didn’t finish C．won’t finish D．haven’t finished
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——汤姆，你能把你的《哈利·波特》借给我吗？——对不起，我还没看完。
考查时态。根据“yet”可知，句子时态为现在完成时。故选D。
20．（22-23八年级下·云南临沧·期末）—Have you decided which book to write about yet
—______. I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good.
A．No, I haven’t B．Yes, I have C．No, I don’t D．Yes, I do
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你决定写哪本书了吗？——是的。我已经读完了。真的很好。
考查现在完成时的一般疑问句。由“Have you decided which book to write about yet”可知，句子是现在完成时的疑问句，应用have作肯定和否定回答，排除C和D；又由“I’ve already finished reading it”可知，应作肯定回答，助动词还用have。故选B。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题01 现在完成时的用法
一、基本用法
（一）现在完成时的用法
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常和just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever（曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。
—Have you had breakfast yet？你吃过早饭了吗？
—Yes, have. I've just had it. 是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和时间状语“for+段时间”或“since+表示过去的时间点或从句”连用。
He has taught French for five years. 他教法语五年了。
He has taught French since he came to this school. 他自从来到这个学校就一直教法语了。
（二）现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。
（三）现在完成时的句式结构
1. 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。
I have seen the film. 我看过那部电影。
2. 否定句：主语+have/ has not (haven't/hasn't)+过去分词+其他.
Tom hasn't finished his homework. 汤姆还没有完成他的家庭作业。
I haven't met him since last week. 从上周到现在我一直没有见过他。
3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语have/has.
否定回答：No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.
—Have you ever climbed that mountain 你爬过那座山吗？
—Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. 是的，我爬过。/不，我没有。
4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？
How long have you worked in Japan 你在日本工作多长时间了？
（四）动词过去分词的变化规则
动词过去分词的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则变化
（1）一般情况加-ed finish—finished
（2）以-e结尾的，加-d。live—lived
（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i加-ed。carry—carried
（4）重读闭音节单词，并且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。stop—stopped
2. 不规则变化
不规则变化见《不规则动词表》。
3.现在完成时的几个标志词
(1)just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。
(2)ever意为“曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Have you ever been to Shanghai 你曾去过上海吗
(3)never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
(4)before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
I think we’ve met before.我觉得我们以前见过面。
(5)since+时间点,for+时间段。
I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。
(6)already意为“已经”通常用于完成时的肯定句中，放在助动词have/has后，过去分词前或句尾。
We have already read the book. 我们已经读过这本书了。
(7)yet用于完成时的疑问句和否定句中，意为“已经”，通常放于句末。
Have you found your wallet yet 你已经找到你钱包了吗？
I haven't found my wallet yet. 我还没找到我的钱包。
4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
(1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。
我离开这所学校已八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.
【温馨提示】不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。
(2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
①将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
come be here
go be there
finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
put on wear
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
lose not have
join be in
leave be away
arrive/reach be
②将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
③用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。
It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。
5.have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别
形式 意义及用法说明 例句
have been to 表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地 Have you ever been to New York 你曾去过纽约吗 (人已回来)
have gone to have gone to则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,总之,现在还未回来 Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来)
have been in have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词 The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。 Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 The Greens are in Nanjing now.They have been here for half a year.格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。
6.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
时态 意义及用法说明 例句
侧重点 不同 现在完成时　 与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。(说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解)
一般过去时　 是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关 I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。(仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关)
连用的 时间状 语不同 现在完成时　 与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park 你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗
一般过去时　 一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用 Father bought this bike five years ago.父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。
基础训练
1．—Why won’t you go to see the film with me, Betty
—Because I ________ it twice.
A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see
2．—________ you ________ of the International Museum of Toilets in India yet
— No, not yet.
A．Has; heard B．Have ; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear
3．—__________ you ever __________ the book, Journey to the West
—Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.
A．Do; read B．Are; reading
C．Will; read D．Have; read
4．—Where is your sister, Cathy
—She ______ to the Snow County in Heilongjiang. She will be back this Sunday.
A．has been B．has gone C．went D．will go
5．—Have you watched Tom and Jerry
—Yes. I ______ it three times.
A．watch B．watched C．has watched D．have watched
6．Mary ______ reading the book last week and she ______ 50 pages so far.
A．has started; finished B．has started; has finished
C．started; has finished D．started; finished
7．I ________ the piano club last week and I ________ two classes already.
A．join; take B．joined; took C．joined; have taken D．have joined; took
8．—How do you like Mount Huang, Lucy
—Oh, I ________ such a beautiful place before.
A．don’t visit B．didn’t visit C．haven’t visited D．can’t visit
9．I’m surprised at the new look of Jingdezhen City. It ________ a lot over the past few years.
A．changes B．has changed C．will change D．is changing
10．I ________ the book Oliver Twist yet, so I know nothing about it now.
A．have read B．haven’t read C．read D．didn’t read
11．—Hurry up! The movie ________.
—Don’t hurry! Safety comes first. It only started a few minutes ago.
A．has begun B．would begin C．will begin D．had begun
12．Hurry up! The film ________ for 10 minutes.
A．begins B．has begun C．is on D．has been on
13．—How long have you had the bike
—I ________ it since I was six years old.
A．bought B．have bought C．have had D．has bought
14．I have ________ the magazine for two weeks. I’ll return it this afternoon.
A．looked B．lent C．bought D．kept
15．—How long has your uncle ________ this personal computer
—Since ten years ago. He wants to buy a new one.
A．has B．bought C．kept D．have
16．The old man ________ for five years.
A．died B．has died C．has dead D．has been dead
17．She has ________ from her hometown for nearly ten years.
A．left B．gone away C．to leave D．been away
18．Please hurry up! The TV play for ten minutes.
A．started B．has started C．was on D．has been on
19．—Where is your father
—He ________ Australia and ________ Sydney for two weeks.
A．has gone to; has been in B．has been in; has been to
C．has gone to; has been to D．has been to; has been in
20．The boy ________ the train and railway set since he was five.
A．has bought B．has owned C．bought D．had
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．She (finish) her homework already.
2．The famous writer has (die) for ten years.
3．—Have you ever (be) to the city park
—Yes. I (go) there last weekend.
4．—Where is Mary
—She (go) to the library.
5．I like collecting stamps. So far I (collect) five hundred stamps.
6．Tina and Helen (know) each other since 2010.
7．Mom, I (finish) my homework already. Let’s go for a walk.
8．—Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting
—No, I don’t. The teachers (not decide) yet.
9．25 years (pass) since Hong Kong returned to China.
10．Our school (change) a lot recently.
提升训练
1．（23-24八年级下·北京顺义·期末）—Lucy, is your aunt a teacher
—Yes, she is. She ________ English in this school for nearly 20 years.
A．teaches B．is teaching C．has taught D．will teach
2．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）—Where is Miss Smith, Jenny
—She ________ her company for an important meeting. She left half an hour ago.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．is going to D．goes to
3．（19-20八年级下·吉林长春·单元测试）—Where is your father
—He_______ Australia and he _______ Sydney for two weeks.
A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; has been in
C．has been in; has been to D．has gone to; has been to
4．（23-24八年级下·云南玉溪·期末）Mr. Johnson moved to Beijing at the age of 20 and ________ there ever since then.
A．has lived B．is living C．was living D．lived
5．（23-24八年级下·安徽宿州·期末）—Mr.Liu, have you ever ________ abroad
—Yes, I ________ Singapore last week.
A．been; been to B．gone; been in C．been; gone to D．been; went to
6．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Let’s turn on the TV and enjoy watching the football match.
—It’s too late. It ________ for half an hour. And the result is 1-0, China won.
A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over
7．（23-24八年级下·江西萍乡·期末）—Amy __________ for two hours. Do you know where she is
—In the art room. She __________ an art lesson every Friday.
A．has been away; had B．has been away; has C．has gone; has D．has gone; had
8．（23-24八年级下·广东江门·期末）—How long have you known your best friend
—I’ve known him ________ six years. I ________ to know him in 2018.
A．since; had begun B．for; began C．at; begin D．since; began
9．（23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—How long ________ you ________ your bread maker
—For about three months.
A．did; buy B．have; bought C．have; had D．have; buy
10．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）— Hello! May I speak to Jack
—Sorry. He ________ to the library.
A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been
11．（23-24八年级下·陕西西安·期末）—Amy, I remember you ________ several years ago.
—Yes. I ________ for five years.
A．get married; have been married B．have married; got married
C．got married; have been married D．have married; have been married
12．（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）Jenny can tell every street in Zhenjiang because she ________ this city for 22 years.
A．was B．has been in C．has been to D．has gone to
13．（23-24八年级下·四川达州·期末）She ________ this book ________ nearly three weeks ago.
A．has borrowed; since B．has borrowed; for C．has kept; for D．has kept; since
14．（23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期末）—Jenny, Would you like to see the movie with me
—It’s an interesting film, but I ________ it.
A．will see B．have seen C．see D．saw
15．（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）—May I speak to Tom
—Sorry, he ________ America. But he ________ in two days.
A．has been to; will come back B．has gone to; will come back
C．has gone to; came back D．has been to; came back
16．（23-24八年级下·江西赣州·期末）—Everybody is playing on the playground. Can I join them, Mr. Smith
—Why not You ________ all your homework.
A．is finishing B．have finished C．will finish D．finish
17．（23-24八年级下·吉林长春·期末）—_________ have you learned Chinese, Tina
—Since 2021. It’s been 3 years.
A．How soon B．How old C．How long D．How far
18．（23-24八年级下·江西南昌·期末）—Where is Kate
—She ________ America. She ________ that country for a week.
A．has been to; has been in B．has been in; has gone to
C．has gone to; has been to D．has gone to; has been in
19．（22-23八年级下·辽宁铁岭·期末）—Tom, could you lend me your Harry Potter
—Sorry, I ________ reading it yet.
A．don’t finish B．didn’t finish C．won’t finish D．haven’t finished
20．（22-23八年级下·云南临沧·期末）—Have you decided which book to write about yet
—______. I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good.
A．No, I haven’t B．Yes, I have C．No, I don’t D．Yes, I do
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