资源简介

核心 词汇 1．____________ n．灾难；灾害　　　　 2．____________ n．海浪；波浪 vi．& vt．挥手；招手 3．____________ n．& vt．营救；救援 4．____________ vt．& vi．打扫；清扫 5．____________ vt．摧毁；毁灭 6．____________ vt．使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 7．____________ n．& vt．破坏；毁坏 8．____________ n．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品 vt．供应；供给 9．____________ vt．埋葬；安葬 10．____________ n．百分之…… adj．& adv．每一百中 11．____________ n．总结；概括；概要 12．____________ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 13．____________ adj．镇静的；沉着的 vt．使平静；使镇静 14．____________ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 15．____________ vt．损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 16．____________ vt．& vi．碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 17．____________ n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi．& vt．帮助；援助 18．____________ n．洪水；大量 vi．淹没；大量涌入 vt．使灌满水；淹没 19．____________ n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt．保护；掩蔽 vi．躲避(风雨或危险) 20．____________ vi．& vt．侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
阅读 词汇 1．____________ n．旱灾；久旱　　　　　　　2．____________ vi．& vt．(使)滑行；滑动 3．____________ n．砖；砖块 4．____________ n．金属 5．____________ n．上下文；语境；背景 6．volcano n．____________ 7．kit n．____________ 8．hurricane n．____________ 9．pipe n．____________ 10．emergency n．____________
拓展 词汇 1．die vi．& vt．死；死亡→____________ n．死；死亡→____________ adj．死的→ ____________ adj．致命的；极度的；十足的 2．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→____________ n．感情；喜爱 3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→____________ adj．令人震惊的→____________ adj．震惊的 4．electric adj．用电的；电动的；发电的→____________ adj．电的；发电的→____________ n．电；电能 5．breath n．呼吸→____________ vi．& vt．呼吸→____________ adj．气喘吁吁的 6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→____________ adj．明智的→____________ adv．明智地→____________ adj．不明智的 7．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→____________ n．折磨；苦难；痛苦→____________ n．患病者；受难者 8．erupt vi．& vt．(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→____________ n．喷发 9．survive vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过→____________ n．幸存；存活→____________ n．幸存者 10．deliver vt．& vi．递送；传达 vt．发表→____________ n．传送；递送 11．effect n．影响；结果；效果→____________ adj．有效的→____________ adv．有效地 12．long adj．长的→ ____________ n．长；长度→____________ vt．& vi．(使)变长
高频 短语 1．________________ 严重受损；破败不堪　　　　2．________________ 震惊；吃惊 3．________________ 结束；告终 4．________________ 消灭；彻底消除 5．on hand________________ 6．first aid kit ________________ 7．in the open air ________________ 8．as usual ________________
句型 公式 1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．(too...to...结构) 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。 2．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．(形容词后的不定式的主动形式表达被动意义) 水、食物和电都很难获得。 3．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气) 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 4．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home．(be doing...when...正在做……突然……) 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入我家。
A hurricane struck the coast, its waves 1．____________ (sweep) through homes and businesses． The disaster caused widespread damage: buildings 2．____________ (ruin), and electricity lines were down, burying the town in darkness． As if that weren't enough, a flood erupted, burying streets under water and affecting nearly 70 percent of the area． People suffered greatly． Local rescue teams worked 3．____________(tire) to deliver supplies and first aid kits, reviving hope among survivors．
The community unified in this time of crisis, showing wisdom and effort in their 4．____________ (respond)． Despite the shock and destruction, the town's inhabitants found themselves struggling to survive as emergency shelters were set up for those 5．____________ were injured． Volunteers with first aid training were 6．____________ hand to help, and people from nearby towns delivered food and blankets．The wisdom of the old ones and 7．____________ strong will of the young combined, unifying the community in their common goal 8．____________ (rebuild) their homes．
Afterwards, the effect of the disaster was shocking：thousands of houses damaged, dozens of deaths, and 9．____________(count) lives disturbed． Yet, humanity shone through． In the face of such adversity, the people breathed new life into their town，10．____________ (determine) to begin a task of rebuilding，all the while understanding that the lessons from this disaster would be invaluable for the future．
1．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
①The traffic issue not only ____________ (affect) our everyday life，but may also threaten people's lives．
②Although affected ____________ a serious disease, he held a positive attitude and believed there was a hope of recovery．
③____________ by those selfless doctors，I have developed a deep ____________ for the career．(affect)
　读后续写之行为描写
许多人被他的故事深深影响着，开始为残疾人做义务性工作。
________________________________，many people began to do voluntary work for the disabled．
◎be deeply/greatly affected by...
被……深深地打动/影响
◎be affected with...感染……(疾病)
◎show/have/feel/develop an affection for...喜欢……
◎(2024·全国甲卷)However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows．
然而，当一只猫在寻求关爱时，它们往往会发出舒展且轻柔的喵喵声。
2．strike vt．&vi．(struck，struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击，击打；突然想到；(时钟)敲；划(火柴) n．罢工；罢课；袭击
写出句子中黑体词的含义
①I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning． ____________
②When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets，a stone struck him on the back，which made him annoyed．____________
③(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar．____________
　读后续写之情感描写
被他为我所做的事情感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。
____________________________________，I couldn't contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks．
◎be struck with/by...被……所打动
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb．that...某人突然想起……
strike sb．in/on＋the＋身体部位 击打某人的某个部位
◎It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation．
我一下子明白了我们应如何能改善局面了。
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊
①Looking at the house which lay in ruins ____________ shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped．
②____________ (shock)by my mean words，Karina stared at me in horror and failed to say a word．
③All of the students in my class felt ____________ at the ____________ news．(shock)
④____________ (shock), these deaths amount to around ten percent of the total US bird population．
　读后续写之恐惧描写
熊在篱笆上撕开了一个洞，把头伸了进去。埃莉(Elli)和我都很震惊。
①The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，____________________________________________________________．(定语从句)
②____________________________________ was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in．(what引导主语从句)
◎in shock吃惊地，震惊地
to sb．'s shock令某人震惊的是
◎be shocked at sth．/that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth． 因做某事而感到震惊
◎shocking adj．令人震惊的
shockingly adv．令人震惊地
◎electric shock触电；电休克
cultural shock文化冲突
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I managed to find the street the theater was on, but when I turned the corner, I stopped in shock．
我设法找到了剧院所在的街道，但当我拐过街角时，我震惊地停住了脚步。
4．bury vt．埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)The time capsule, ____________(bury) 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939．
② ____________ (bury) himself in what he was doing，he didn't even notice it was getting dark outside．
　读后续写之动作描写
Hearing the bad news, she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears．
①Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，_________________________．(动词-ing形式作状语)
②Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，___________________________．(with复合结构)
③Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，___________________________．(独立主格结构)
◎bury sth． in把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面
◎Passengers read magazines, bury themselves in their phones, or simply doze off while waiting to arrive．
乘客们有的看杂志，有的把自己埋在手机里，或者有人只是在打瞌睡等待到达。
5．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
①To be frank, everyone suffers ____________ stress at some time in their life—teachers，doctors, factory workers, newspaper editors．
②Their ____________ (suffer) was miserable and I could hardly fall asleep that night, wondering what I could do to help them．
　读后续写之主旨升华
虽然自然灾难可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信通过我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。
_____________________________________________________________________，I firmly believe that we can overcome the disasters through helping and supporting each other．
◎suffer a lot of pain遭受巨大的痛苦
suffer from...患……病；因……受苦
◎suffering n．疼痛，折磨
sufferer n．患难者；患病者
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain．
20年前，当他患有严重背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。
6．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
①Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD, the ____________ (ruin) of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old．
②It rained for one week on end, completely ____________ (ruin) our holidays．
③What shocked me was that this once charming village lay ____________ ruins, beyond recognition．
　读后续写之主旨升华
不要让你的过去支配你现在或者将来的生活。把不堪回首的往事抛在脑后，这样它们才不会损害到你的未来。
Don't allow your past to control your present or your future life．Leave the pain of your past behind so ____________________________________．
◎go to ruin/fall into ruin败落
bring...to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落
lie/be in ruins成为废墟
be reduced to ruins沦为废墟
注：ruins 表示“废墟”时常用复数形式。
ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/声誉
◎If we continue to ignore environmental protection, we will surely bring our planet to ruin．
如果我们继续忽视环境保护，我们必将使我们的星球毁灭。
7．[教材原句]Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings．(too...to...结构)
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。
More than half of former host cities for the Winter Olympics will be too hot ____________(host) such games by the end of this century．
　补全/完成句子
①He ________________________(急于知道) the result of his examination．
②You ________________________ (再仔细也不为过) when you do your homework．
③当比赛终于结束时，我们俩都如此疲惫以至于躺平在地上动弹不得。
When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, ________________________________________．
◎too＋adj．/adv．(for sb．)＋to do sth． 结构，表否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
◎too...to...结构中，too用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，(该结构)没有否定意义。
◎can't/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分，愈……愈好。
◎As the saying goes，it's never too old to learn．
俗话说，活到老，学到老。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Two fifths of the buildings ____________(destroy) in the earthquake last weekend, leaving the whole world shocked．
2．Sometimes a smile can make a real difference to people ____________ (suffer) from disasters in the ____________ (affect) area．
3．____________(shock), the graceful competitor just smiled ____________(calm) when she learned that no ____________ (effect) measures had been taken．
4．Up to now food and water __________________(deliver) to the disaster-stricken area, where many people____________ (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help．
5．But attention has turned from ____________(rescue) survivors to sheltering them and planning for their future．
6．Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(平衡木), I fell onto the stones, ____________ (damage) a nerve in my hand．
7．Happiness and success often come to those ____________ are good at recognizing their own strengths．
8．____________ (bury) in his book，the athlete didn't notice me when I ____________ (slide) into the room．
9．Bitter memories came ____________(flood) back when he drove by the bridge．
10．He made a great effort to save the girl ____________(trap) in the burning house．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．deliver
(1)The baby was delivered by Caesarean section(剖宫产手术)． ________
(2)Extremely tired as a number of volunteers were，they were still buried in delivering supplies． ________
(3)I feel highly honoured to be invited to deliver a speech at the meeting． ________
2．power
(1)The electric car，powered by the latest battery，can drive 600 miles on a single charge． ________
(2)You are so diligent that I'll do everything in my power to help you know more about Tang poems． ________
(3)(2022·浙江1月卷)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology，and the lifeblood of that technology has long been electricity． ________
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China． ________
A．洪水　　B．淹没　 　C．大量
4．(2022·全国乙卷)The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing． ________
A．打扫
B．绵延弯曲的地带
C．大获全胜
5．You will also find the taps running all the time so that quantities of water are wasted．________
A．发掘 B．轻拍 C．水龙头
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．她深感一阵恐慌，但她迫使自己冷静地离开了房间。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
A burst of panic ______________________，but she forced herself to leave the room calmly．
2．尽管这个问题很难解决，但我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。
Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should _____________________________________________________________________．
3．人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，我们生存下去的唯一方法就是与自然和谐相处。
Human life is regarded as part of nature, and ___________________________ is to live in harmony with nature．
过去几年，世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，给人们的生产、生活造成极大的损失。请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文，要点包括：
1．描述自然灾害的现象和后果；
2．分析自然灾害频发的原因；
3．提出关于减少自然灾害的建议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①在过去的几年中，发生了各种自然灾害，如地震、沙尘暴、洪水等，这些灾害给人类造成了严重的破坏。(damage)
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters, such as earthquakes, sandstorms, floods, which _________________________________________．
②无数的房屋变成废墟，大量农田被破坏，数百万人遭受了巨大的经济损失。(ruin；destroy；suffer)
Countless houses were ________________， numerous fields ______________， and millions of people ________________________．
③人口的快速增长对自然产生了不良影响。更多的人意味着地球上更多资源的供应。(supply)
The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature．More people means ____________________________________．
④人们缺乏环保意识，使得自然界的突发事件越来越频繁。(emergency；frequent)
People lack the awareness of environmental protection，______________________．
⑤我们应该尽一切努力保持人与自然之间的平衡。(effort；balance)
We're supposed ___________________________________________________．
　句式升级
⑥用非谓语结构改写句子①。
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters, such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，____________________________________．
⑦用状语从句合并③中的两个句子。
The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature, ________________________________________________________________．
　妙笔成篇
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 shock；affect；effort；rescue；flood；trap；bury；damage；destroy；aid；survive
美句 1．Slowly，the city began to breathe again． 2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 3．For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell． 4．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water． 5．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future．
拓展 语料 单词 frightened adj．害怕的→frightening adj．令人害怕的→frighten v．使惊吓；scare v．使害怕→scared adj．害怕的→scary adj．惊悚的，吓人的；panic v．/n．恐慌，害怕；dreadful adj．可怕的；极坏的；terrible/horrible/awful adj．可怕的
语块 be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措；one's throat tightens with horror/fear吓得喉咙发紧；be pale with fright吓得面无人色；be scared out of one's wits吓得魂不附体；be numb/frozen with fear吓呆了；tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖；be scared to death/half dead with fright吓得要死；tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水；one's heart be stuck on one's throat心卡在嗓子眼
句型 1．I froze with terror，too scared to move an inch． 我吓得呆住了，寸步难行。 2．A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street． 走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。 3．I was wandering in the wood when a snake came out and scared me to death． 我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我要死。 4．Seeing the bloody scene，she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and fainted on the ground． 看到这血腥的一幕，她禁不住发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。
　语料运用
①我一个人在家，突然一个奇怪的声音使我非常不安。 (when引导的时间状语从句)
I was alone at home ____________________________________________．
②我开始在黑暗中摸索着前进，试图找到能保护我的东西。(动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语)
I began to feel my way in the dark, ____________________________________．
③我吓得发抖，好像完全被恐惧掌控了。(as if引导的方式状语从句；省略句)
I trembled with terror, ____________________________________．
④每当我回想起那一刻，我的心就充满了可怕的回忆。(whenever引导的时间状语从句)
_____________________________________________________________________， my heart fills with terrible memories．
⑤我意识到，那天晚上的恐惧已经在我心中根深蒂固，变成了一段可怕的回忆。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
I realized that the fear from that night had been deeply ingrained in my heart, ____________________________________．
必修第一册　UNIT 4
单元词句 语境背记
核心词汇
1．disaster　2．wave　3．rescue　4．sweep　5．destroy　6．trap　7．ruin　8．supply　9．bury　10．percent　11．summary　12．power　13．calm　14．effort　15．damage　16．crash　17．aid　18．flood　19．shelter　20．strike
阅读词汇
1．drought　2．slide　3．brick　4．metal　5．context　6．火山
7．成套工具；成套设备　8．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风　9．管子；管道　10．突发事件；紧急情况
拓展词汇
1．death；dead；deadly　2．affection　3．shocking；shocked　4．electrical；electricity　5．breathe；breathless　6．wise；wisely；unwise　7．suffering；sufferer　8．eruption　9．survival；survivor　10．delivery　11．effective；effectively　12．length; lengthen
高频短语
1．in ruins　2．in shock　3．come to an end　4．sweep away　5．现有(尤指帮助)　6．急救箱　7．露天；在户外　8．像往常一样
语境串记
1．sweeping　2．were ruined　3．tirelessly　4．response　5．who　6．on　7．the　8．to rebuild　9．countless　10．determined
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．①affects　②with　③Affected；affection
[完美写作]Deeply affected by his story
2．①(时钟)敲　②击打　③划(火柴)
[完美写作]Struck by what he had done for me
3．①in　②Shocked　③shocked；shocking　④Shockingly
[完美写作]①which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked　②What shocked Elli and me
4．①buried　②Burying
[完美写作]①burying her face in her hands　②with her face buried in her hands　③her face buried in her hands
5．①from　②suffering
[完美写作]Although natural disasters may make us suffer great pains
6．①ruins　②ruining　③in
[完美写作]it cannot ruin your future
7．to host
[完美写作]①was too eager to know　②can't be too careful　③too tired to move
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．1．were destroyed　2．suffering；affected　3．Shockingly；calmly；effective　4．have been delivered; surviving　5．rescuing　6．damaging　7．who　8．Buried；slid　9．flooding　10．trapped
Ⅱ．1．(1)C　(2)B　(3)A
2．(1)C　(2)A　(3)B
3．C　4．B　5．C
Ⅲ．1．flooded over her　2．spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction　3．the only way for us to survive
主题引领 写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1
①have caused severe damage to human beings　②in ruins；were destroyed；suffered great economic losses　③larger supplies of resources on Earth　④making the emergencies of nature more frequent　⑤to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature
Step 2
⑥causing severe damage to human beings　⑦since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth
Step 3
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causing severe damage to human beings．Thus，countless houses were in ruins，numerous fields were destroyed，and millions of people suffered great economic losses．
There are several factors contributing to these disasters．First，the rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature，since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth．What's more，people lack the awareness of environmental protection，making the emergencies of nature more frequent．
In my opinion，we're supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature．Only in this way can we humans survive with our planet Earth．
读后续写
Step 2
①when a strange noise made me extremely uneasy　②trying to find something that could protect me　③as if completely possessed by fear　④Whenever I recall that moment　⑤becoming an awful memory
1 / 16(共129张PPT)
第一部分　
教材知识讲练
必修第一册
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
单元主题 导图串记
单元词句 语境背记
核心词汇
1．________ n．灾难；灾害
2．_____ n．海浪；波浪 vi．& vt．挥手；招手
3．______ n．& vt．营救；救援
4．______ vt．& vi．打扫；清扫
5．_______ vt．摧毁；毁灭
6．____ vt．使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
7．____ n．& vt．破坏；毁坏
disaster
wave
rescue
sweep
destroy
trap
ruin
核心词汇
8．______ n．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品 vt．供应；供给
9．____ vt．埋葬；安葬
10．_______ n．百分之…… adj．& adv．每一百中
11．_________ n．总结；概括；概要
12．______ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
13．_____ adj．镇静的；沉着的 vt．使平静；使镇静
14．______ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
15．_______ vt．损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
supply
bury
percent
summary
power
calm
effort
damage
核心词汇
16．_____ vt．& vi．碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
17．___ n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi．& vt．帮助；援助
18．_____ n．洪水；大量 vi．淹没；大量涌入 vt．使灌满水；淹没
19．_______ n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt．保护；掩蔽 vi．躲避(风雨或危险)
20．______ vi．& vt．侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
crash
aid
flood
shelter
strike
阅读 词汇
1．_______ n．旱灾；久旱
2．_____ vi．& vt．(使)滑行；滑动
3．_____ n．砖；砖块
4．______ n．金属
5．_______ n．上下文；语境；背景
6．volcano n．____
7．kit n．____________________
8．hurricane n．______________________
9．pipe n．__________
10．emergency n．____________________
drought
slide
brick
metal
context
火山
成套工具；成套设备
(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
管子；管道
突发事件；紧急情况
拓展词汇
1．die vi．& vt．死；死亡→_____ n．死；死亡→____ adj．死的→ ______ adj．致命的；极度的；十足的
2．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→_________ n．感情；喜爱
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→________ adj．令人震惊的→_______ adj．震惊的
4．electric adj．用电的；电动的；发电的→__________ adj．电的；发电的→___________ n．电；电能
death
dead
deadly
affection
shocking
shocked
electrical
electricity
拓展词汇
5．breath n．呼吸→_______ vi．& vt．呼吸→ __________ adj．气喘吁吁的
6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→_____ adj．明智的→_______ adv．明智地→_______ adj．不明智的
7．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_________ n．折磨；苦难；痛苦→________ n．患病者；受难者
breathe
breathless
wise
wisely
unwise
suffering
sufferer
拓展词汇
8．erupt vi．& vt．(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→________ n．喷发
9．survive vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过→________ n．幸存；存活→________ n．幸存者
10．deliver vt．& vi．递送；传达 vt．发表→________ n．传送；递送
11．effect n．影响；结果；效果→_________ adj．有效的→___________ adv．有效地
12．long adj．长的→ ______ n．长；长度→________ vt．& vi．(使)变长
eruption
survival
survivor
delivery
effective
effectively
length
lengthen
高频短语
1．_______ 严重受损；破败不堪
2．_______ 震惊；吃惊
3．____________ 结束；告终
4．___________ 消灭；彻底消除
5．on hand________________
6．first aid kit ______
7．in the open air ____________
8．as usual __________
in ruins
in shock
come to an end
sweep away
现有(尤指帮助)
急救箱
露天；在户外
像往常一样
句型公式
1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．(too...to...结构)
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。
2．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．(形容词后的不定式的主动形式表达被动意义)
水、食物和电都很难获得。
句型公式
3．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
4．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home．(be doing...when...正在做……突然……)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入我家。
A hurricane struck the coast，its waves 1．_________ (sweep) through homes and businesses．The disaster caused widespread damage: buildings 2．___________ (ruin)，and electricity lines were down，burying the town in darkness．As if that weren't enough，a flood erupted，burying streets under water and affecting nearly 70 percent of the area．People suffered greatly．Local rescue teams worked 3．__________(tire) to deliver supplies and first aid kits，reviving hope among survivors．
sweeping
were ruined
tirelessly
The community unified in this time of crisis，showing wisdom and effort in their 4．________ (respond)．Despite the shock and destruction，the town's inhabitants found themselves struggling to survive as emergency shelters were set up for those 5．____ were injured．Volunteers with first aid training were 6．__ hand to help，and people from nearby towns delivered food and blankets．The wisdom of the old ones and 7．___ strong will of the young combined，unifying the community in their common goal 8．_________ (rebuild) their homes．
response
who
on
the
to rebuild
Afterwards，the effect of the disaster was shocking：thousands of houses damaged，dozens of deaths，and 9．_________(count) lives disturbed．Yet，humanity shone through．In the face of such adversity，the people breathed new life into their town，10．___________ (determine) to begin a task of rebuilding，all the while understanding that the lessons from this disaster would be invaluable for the future．
countless
determined
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
①The traffic issue not only _______ (affect) our everyday life，but may also threaten people's lives．
②Although affected _____ a serious disease，he held a positive attitude and believed there was a hope of recovery．
③_________ by those selfless doctors，I have developed a deep _________ for the career．(affect)
affects
with
Affected
affection
完美写作　读后续写之行为描写
许多人被他的故事深深影响着，开始为残疾人做义务性工作。
_________________________，many people began to do voluntary work for the disabled．
Deeply affected by his story
◎be deeply/greatly affected by...被……深深地打动/影响
◎be affected with...感染……(疾病)
◎show/have/feel/develop an affection for...喜欢……
◎(2024·全国甲卷)However，when a cat is looking for affection，they tend to produce stretched and soft meows．
然而，当一只猫在寻求关爱时，它们往往会发出舒展且轻柔的喵喵声。
2．strike vt．&vi．(struck，struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击，击打；突然想到；(时钟)敲；划(火柴) n．罢工；罢课；袭击
写出句子中黑体词的含义
①I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning． ________
②When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets，a stone struck him on the back，which made him annoyed． ____
③(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar． ________
(时钟)敲
击打
划(火柴)
完美写作　读后续写之情感描写
被他为我所做的事情感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。
_____________________________，I couldn't contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks．
Struck by what he had done for me
◎be struck with/by...被……所打动
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb．that...某人突然想起……
strike sb．in/on＋the＋身体部位 击打某人的某个部位
◎It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation．
我一下子明白了我们应如何能改善局面了。
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊
①Looking at the house which lay in ruins __ shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped．
②________ (shock)by my mean words，Karina stared at me in horror and failed to say a word．
③All of the students in my class felt __________ at the __________ news．(shock)
④___________ (shock)，these deaths amount to around ten percent of the total US bird population．
in
Shocked
shocked
shocking
Shockingly
完美写作　读后续写之恐惧描写
熊在篱笆上撕开了一个洞，把头伸了进去。埃莉(Elli)和我都很震惊。
①The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，_____________
_____________________________________________．(定语从句)
②_______________________ was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in．(what引导主语从句)
which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked
What shocked Elli and me
◎in shock吃惊地，震惊地
to sb．'s shock令某人震惊的是
◎be shocked at sth．/that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth．因做某事而感到震惊
◎shocking adj．令人震惊的
shockingly adv．令人震惊地
◎electric shock触电；电休克
cultural shock文化冲突
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I managed to find the street the theater was on，but when I turned the corner，I stopped in shock．
我设法找到了剧院所在的街道，但当我拐过街角时，我震惊地停住了脚步。
4．bury vt．埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)The time capsule，______(bury) 50 feet below the ground in a park，was designed to be opened in the year 6939．
② ___________ (bury) himself in what he was doing，he didn't even notice it was getting dark outside．
buried
Burying
完美写作　读后续写之动作描写
Hearing the bad news，she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears．
①Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，___________________
_____．(动词-ing形式作状语)
②Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，___________________
____________．(with复合结构)
③Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，___________________
_______．(独立主格结构)
burying her face in her
hands
with her face buried
in her hands
her face buried in her
hands
◎bury sth．in把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面
◎Passengers read magazines，bury themselves in their phones，or simply doze off while waiting to arrive．
乘客们有的看杂志，有的把自己埋在手机里，或者有人只是在打瞌睡等待到达。
5．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
①To be frank，everyone suffers _____ stress at some time in their life—teachers，doctors，factory workers，newspaper editors．
②Their _________ (suffer) was miserable and I could hardly fall asleep that night，wondering what I could do to help them．
from
suffering
完美写作　读后续写之主旨升华
虽然自然灾难可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信通过我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。
________________________________________________，I firmly believe that we can overcome the disasters through helping and supporting each other．
Although natural disasters may make us suffer great pains
◎suffer a lot of pain遭受巨大的痛苦
suffer from...患……病；因……受苦
◎suffering n．疼痛，折磨
sufferer n．患难者；患病者
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain．
20年前，当他患有严重背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。
6．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
①Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD，the _____ (ruin) of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old．
②It rained for one week on end，completely _______ (ruin) our holidays．
③What shocked me was that this once charming village lay __ ruins，beyond recognition．
ruins
ruining
in
完美写作　读后续写之主旨升华
不要让你的过去支配你现在或者将来的生活。把不堪回首的往事抛在脑后，这样它们才不会损害到你的未来。
Don't allow your past to control your present or your future life．Leave the pain of your past behind so ______________________．
it cannot ruin your future
◎go to ruin/fall into ruin败落
bring...to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落
lie/be in ruins成为废墟
be reduced to ruins沦为废墟
注：ruins 表示“废墟”时常用复数形式。
ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/声誉
◎If we continue to ignore environmental protection，we will surely bring our planet to ruin．
如果我们继续忽视环境保护，我们必将使我们的星球毁灭。
7．[教材原句]Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．(too...to...结构)
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。
More than half of former host cities for the Winter Olympics will be too hot ______(host) such games by the end of this century．
to host
完美写作　补全/完成句子
①He ___________________(急于知道) the result of his examination．
②You __________________ (再仔细也不为过) when you do your homework．
③当比赛终于结束时，我们俩都如此疲惫以至于躺平在地上动弹不得。
When the game finally ended，both of us were lying flat on our backs，_______________．
was too eager to know
can't be too careful
too tired to move
◎too＋adj．/adv．(for sb．)＋to do sth．结构，表否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
◎too...to...结构中，too用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，(该结构)没有否定意义。
◎can't/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分，愈……愈好。
◎As the saying goes，it's never too old to learn．
俗话说，活到老，学到老。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Two fifths of the buildings ______________(destroy) in the earthquake last weekend，leaving the whole world shocked．
2．Sometimes a smile can make a real difference to people _________ (suffer) from disasters in the ________ (affect) area．
3．_________________(shock)，the graceful competitor just smiled _______(calm) when she learned that no _________ (effect) measures had been taken．
were destroyed
suffering
affected
Shockingly
calmly
effective
4．Up to now food and water _____________________(deliver) to the disaster-stricken area，where many people _________ (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help．
5．But attention has turned from ________(rescue) survivors to sheltering them and planning for their future．
6．Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(平衡木)，I fell onto the stones，_________ (damage) a nerve in my hand．
have been delivered
surviving
rescuing
damaging
7．Happiness and success often come to those _______ are good at recognizing their own strengths．
8．_______ (bury) in his book，the athlete didn't notice me when I ____ (slide) into the room．
9．Bitter memories came ________(flood) back when he drove by the bridge．
10．He made a great effort to save the girl _______(trap) in the burning house．
who
Buried
slid
flooding
trapped
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．deliver
A．发表；宣布　B．递送　C．接生
(1)The baby was delivered by Caesarean section(剖宫产手术)． __
(2)Extremely tired as a number of volunteers were，they were still buried in delivering supplies． __
(3)I feel highly honoured to be invited to deliver a speech at the meeting． __
C
B
A
2．power
A．能力　B．影响力，控制力　C．推动
(1)The electric car，powered by the latest battery，can drive 600 miles on a single charge． __
(2)You are so diligent that I'll do everything in my power to help you know more about Tang poems． __
(3)(2022·浙江1月卷)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology，and the lifeblood of that technology has long been electricity． __
C
A
B
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China． __
A．洪水　 　 B．淹没　 　 C．大量
4．(2022·全国乙卷)The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing． __
A．打扫 B．绵延弯曲的地带 C．大获全胜
5．You will also find the taps running all the time so that quantities of water are wasted． __
A．发掘 B．轻拍 C．水龙头
C
B
C
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．她深感一阵恐慌，但她迫使自己冷静地离开了房间。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
A burst of panic ______________，but she forced herself to leave the room calmly．
2．尽管这个问题很难解决，但我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。
Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should _____________________________________________________________．
flooded over her
spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction
3．人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，我们生存下去的唯一方法就是与自然和谐相处。
Human life is regarded as part of nature，and _____________________
___________ is to live in harmony with nature．
the only way for us to
survive
主题引领 写作提能
过去几年，世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，给人们的生产、生活造成极大的损失。请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文，要点包括：
1．描述自然灾害的现象和后果；
2．分析自然灾害频发的原因；
3．提出关于减少自然灾害的建议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Step1　写作微练
①在过去的几年中，发生了各种自然灾害，如地震、沙尘暴、洪水等，这些灾害给人类造成了严重的破坏。(damage)
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，which ______________________
_______________________．
have caused severe
damage to human beings
②无数的房屋变成废墟，大量农田被破坏，数百万人遭受了巨大的经济损失。(ruin；destroy；suffer)
Countless houses were ________ ， numerous fields _____________ ，
and millions of people ____________________________．
③人口的快速增长对自然产生了不良影响。更多的人意味着地球上更多资源的供应。(supply)
The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature．More people means _________________________________．
in ruins
were destroyed
suffered great economic losses
larger supplies of resources on Earth
④人们缺乏环保意识，使得自然界的突发事件越来越频繁。(emergency；frequent)
People lack the awareness of environmental protection，____________
__________________________________．
⑤我们应该尽一切努力保持人与自然之间的平衡。(effort；balance)
We're supposed _____________________________________________
_________________．
making the
emergencies of nature more frequent
to make every effort to keep the balance between
humans and nature
Step2　句式升级
⑥用非谓语结构改写句子①。
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，___________________________
_____________．
⑦用状语从句合并③中的两个句子。
The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature，_______________________________________________________．
causing severe damage to
human beings
since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth
Step3　妙笔成篇
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causing severe damage to human beings．Thus，countless houses were in ruins，numerous fields were destroyed，and millions of people suffered great economic losses．
There are several factors contributing to these disasters．First，the rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature，since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth．What's more，people lack the awareness of environmental protection，making the emergencies of nature more frequent．
In my opinion，we're supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature．Only in this way can we humans survive with our planet Earth．
教材语料 亮词 shock；affect；effort；rescue；flood；trap；bury；damage；destroy；aid；survive
美句 1．Slowly，the city began to breathe again．
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
3．For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell．
Step 1　语料积累
教材语料 美句 4．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water．
5．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future．
拓展语料 单词 frightened adj．害怕的→frightening adj．令人害怕的→frighten v．使惊吓；scare v．使害怕→scared adj．害怕的→scary adj．惊悚的，吓人的；panic v．/n．恐慌，害怕；dreadful adj．可怕的；极坏的；terrible/horrible/awful adj．可怕的
拓展 语料 语块 be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措；one's throat tightens with horror/fear吓得喉咙发紧；be pale with fright吓得面无人色；be scared out of one's wits吓得魂不附体；be numb/frozen with fear吓呆了；tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖；be scared to death/half dead with fright吓得要死；tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水；one's heart be stuck on one's throat心卡在嗓子眼
拓展 语料 句型 1．I froze with terror，too scared to move an inch．
我吓得呆住了，寸步难行。
2．A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street．
走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。
3．I was wandering in the wood when a snake came out and scared me to death．
我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我要死。
拓展 语料 句型 4．Seeing the bloody scene，she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and fainted on the ground．
看到这血腥的一幕，她禁不住发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。
Step2　语料运用
①我一个人在家，突然一个奇怪的声音使我非常不安。 (when引导的时间状语从句)
I was alone at home _______________________________________．
②我开始在黑暗中摸索着前进，试图找到能保护我的东西。(动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语)
I began to feel my way in the dark，_____________________________
_________________．
when a strange noise made me extremely uneasy
trying to find something that
could protect me
③我吓得发抖，好像完全被恐惧掌控了。(as if引导的方式状语从句；省略句)
I trembled with terror，______________________________．
④每当我回想起那一刻，我的心就充满了可怕的回忆。(whenever引导的时间状语从句)
_________________________________， my heart fills with terrible memories．
as if completely possessed by fear
Whenever I recall that moment
⑤我意识到，那天晚上的恐惧已经在我心中根深蒂固，变成了一段可怕的回忆。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
I realized that the fear from that night had been deeply ingrained in my heart，_________________________．
becoming an awful memory
课时数智作业(五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·北京大兴三模)
Almost every day，we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media．These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time．A severe storm，an electric power breakdown，or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual．This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan．
Ⅰ Stockpiling food and drink
·Drinking is more important than eating．Keep about 14 litres of liquid per person in stock for each week．
·No experiments．Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have．
·Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold．
Ⅱ Emergency pack
·The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house．Don't take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包)．A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase，as it allows you to have both hands free．
·The emergency rucksack should contain these items：
—First aid materials，personal medication
—Sleeping bags or blankets
—Hygiene products for a couple of days
Ⅲ Electric power breakdown
·Keep a supply of torches and candles，as well as spare batteries，matches or lighters in the house．Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely．Regularly use the batteries up and replace them．
·You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove，one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas．
Ⅳ Keep up-to-date in an emergency
Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world．Information and warnings are important for survival．Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio，television or the Internet．However，television and the Internet only work when there is electric power，which could fail．This leaves just the radio as the main warning device．
Ⅴ About us
The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organisational unit for civil security in Germany．The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help．You can find further information on our website．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了应对各类灾害的个人应急准备指南，包括囤积物资、应急包、电力中断应对措施、信息获取渠道及联邦民防与灾害救助办公室的简介。
1．The brochure is provided in order to ________．(　　)
A．inform people about recent disasters
B．provide tips on how to survive in a disaster
C．encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis
D．promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance
√
B　[细节理解题。根据文章开头第一段以及后续各部分可知，文章提供了在灾难中生存的具体建议，如储存食物和水、应急包准备、电力中断应对措施、紧急情况下保持信息畅通等，可以看出该手册旨在提供在灾难中生存的技巧和建议。故选B。]
2．What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster？(　　)
A．A laptop．　　 B．A television．
C．A mobile phone． D．A battery-powered radio．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第Ⅳ部分的“However，television and the Internet only work when there is electric power，which could fail．This leaves just the radio as the main warning device．”可知，在电力可能中断的情况下，无线电成了接收预警的主要设备。故选D。]
3．The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is ________．(　　)
A．a charity that collects donations for disaster victims
B．a non-profit organisation that provides disaster relief globally
C．an international organisation that coordinates disaster response efforts
D．a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第Ⅴ部分的“The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organisational unit for civil security in Germany．”并结合后文可知，联邦民防与灾害救助办公室是德国的一个政府机构，负责公民安全和紧急情况下的准备工作。故选D。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
Survival is every living being's basic instinct．Animals，you may have noticed，know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food，water，and decent habitat．Humans too have the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind．
With the development of society，we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle，but unfortunately，with this cozy life，we have lost touch with our basic instincts．We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away，we do not know how to make do without them．We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically．
Man is the most intelligent of nature's creation．Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that．Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator If you do not agree with me，then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in．What is the cause of it A virus outbreak No．It's the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely．We are looking at our governments for help．Why in such urgent circumstances are we still
being needy and dependent We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves，pull through this and protect our loved ones；more and in a better way than any government ever could．All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end，and only then will you be able to survive．
Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through，step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself．It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster，man-made or natural，on your own，with the right kind of advance preparation．It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later．It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出问题和分析问题，呼吁人们恢复自我生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指导人们如何在灾难面前自救。
4．What does the underlined word “creator” in paragraph 3 refer to？(　　)
A．Nature．　　 B．Achievement．
C．Mankind． D．Government．
√
C　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator？”可知，这里的“creator”指的是创造这些人类发明或成果的主体。因此“creator”最可能指的是“Mankind”，即人类自身。故选C项。]
5．What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters？(　　)
A．Be equipped with multiple skills．
B．Be appreciative of human's creations．
C．Be calm and dependent on our capabilities．
D．Be faithful to the governments．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句可以看出，作者建议我们在灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的准备。故选C项。]
6．What does the writer agree with？(　　)
A．A full preparation can help you survive the disasters．
B．Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters．
C．A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking．
D．Modernisation is to blame for the panic we are in．
√
A　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段前两句可以看出，作者可能会同意“A full preparation can help you survive the disasters”。故选A项。]
7．What might Frank Marshall be？(　　)
A．A noted psychologist． B．A retired soldier．
C．A film review writer． D．A magazine publisher．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可以推断出，Frank Marshall可能是一名退伍军人，因为他有军队背景并且分享了基于军队经验的生存技巧。故选B项。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·山东日照二模)
While it's impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start，new Department of Defense-sponsored research from Brigham Young University's Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels．
For their experiments，fire expert Thomas H．Fletcher and co-authors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible (坩埚) of a thermogravimetric analyser (热重分析仪) and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius．As they watched the leaves burn，they categorised the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat．They also compared the impact of two heat sources：convective (think of wind-driven fires) and radiative (from burning plant particles or flames)．
The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn．That's important to know because the type of plant found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species．
“Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time，the fire has moved and it's not in the same place anymore，” Fletcher said．“We're aiming towards giving answers on how a fire might propagate in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks．”
The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed (有计划的) burns and for unplanned wildfires．With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually，any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority．
“With all we've done to research them，fires are still out of control，” Fletcher said．“Our model can't prevent a fire，but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts，it doesn't blow up into a huge，uncontrollable fire．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杨百翰大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究正在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节，以提供更多关于野火如何通过荒地燃料燃烧的信息。
8．What is paragraph 2 mainly about？(　　)
A．The research subjects．
B．The research findings．
C．The research procedures．
D．The research objectives．
√
C　[段落大意题。根据第二段“在他们的实验中，火灾专家Thomas H．Fletcher和合著者将14种植物的叶子放入热重分析仪的坩埚中，慢慢地将热量提高到800摄氏度。当他们观察树叶燃烧时，他们对植物分解的速度和热量产生的化学物质进行了分类。他们还比较了两种热源的影响：对流热源(想想风力驱动的火灾)和辐射热源(燃烧的植物颗粒或火焰)”可知，第二段主要介绍了Thomas H．Fletcher和合著者开展研究的具体步骤。故选C项。]
9．What does the research find about the chemistry of plants？(　　)
A．It affects the speed of a fire．
B．It is one of the causes of a fire．
C．It breaks down quickly in a fire．
D．It helps plants survive in a fire．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“研究发现，植物的化学成分对它们开始燃烧前的分解速度有很大的影响。知道这一点很重要，因为在山坡上发现的植物类型可能有助于预测大火将如何燃烧，以及它可能以多快的速度引燃另一种植物”可知，研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度。故选A项。]
10．What does the underlined word “propagate” in paragraph 4 mean？(　　)
A．Explode． B．Spread．
C．Die down． D．Break out．
√
B　[词义猜测题。根据本段中画线词所在句的上文可知，已经存在的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时过久，导致无法对已经转移的火灾进行管理，再结合画线词的上文“We're aiming towards giving answers”和下文“in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks”可推知，Fletcher的研究目的是在很短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答案，确保模型的时效性，画线词的意思应该是“传播，扩散”，与spread意思相近。故选B项。]
B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，研究者开发该新模型是为了更有效地控制野火。故选B项。]
11．Why do the researchers develop the new model？(　　)
A．To make the most out of wildfires．
B．To control wildfires more efficiently．
C．To predict the outbreak of wildfires．
D．To prevent wildfires from happening．
√
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·广东肇庆二模)
Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops．A terrible 1 had swept through his farm the night before，and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed．His neighbour，a kind young man named Thomas， 3 to offer his help．
“What a disaster，” Whitaker said．“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field．I feel 4 and don't know what to do now．”
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment．“I see this not as a disaster but as an 5 ，” he said．Whitaker looked at him
6 ．“How can it be？” he asked．Thomas smiled 7 ，“Now you have a chance to try something new．You've always grown beans and cabbages．Why not try planting 8 crops that will also fit in this soil You can diversify and therefore 9 your farm once again．”
Elmer Whitaker considered this．Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways．This disaster could push him to make his farm
10 and sustainable in a new way．“You have 11 me，” Whitaker said．He clapped Thomas on the back．“Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty．”
And so Whitaker 12 new crops and soon，the farm was full of life again．Farmers from neighbouring towns were 13 with the wonder of Whitaker's field，and they began to 14 their crops as well．Elmer Whitaker's farm has become a 15 of adaptability and hope，telling everyone that in every storm，there is a chance for new growth．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Elmer Whitaker的农场受灾后，开始多样化种植作物，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，以此告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”和后文的“What a disaster”可知，这是一场灾难，而且灾难过后庄稼被泥浆覆盖，所以结合选项可知，storm意思合适。故选D项。]
(　　)1．A．force　　　　 B．smoke
C．war D．storm
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”可知，Whitaker看着泥泞的庄稼，所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。故选A项。]
(　　)2．A．mud B．grass
C．mist D．dust
√
C　[考查动词短语辨析。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in ________and destroyed”和后文的“to offer his help”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C项。]
(　　)3．A．went on B．set off
C．came by D．burst in
√
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in ________ and destroyed”和“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field．”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，他的全家一直靠这片田地的收成生存，所以他感到绝望。故选B项。]
(　　)4．A．special B．desperate
C．sensitive D．tireless
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new．”可知，现在有机会尝试新事物，所以Thomas认为这不是灾难，而是机会。故选A项。]
(　　)5．A．opportunity B．agreement
C．intention D．element
√
B　[考查固定短语辨析。根据后文的“How can it be？”可知，Whitaker认为这不可能，觉得难以置信。故选B项。]
(　　)6．A．as usual B．in disbelief
C．on purpose D．with pride
√
D　[考查副词词义辨析。根据前文的“smiled”和后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new．”可知，Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了，所以高兴地笑着说。故选D项。]
(　　)7．A．innocently B．gratefully
C．politely D．cheerfully
√
C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文的“You can diversify”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，即种植不同的作物。故选C项。]
(　　)8．A．major B．traditional
C．different D．natural
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“and his crops were now covered in ________ and destroyed”和后文的“your farm once again”可知，Whitaker的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以此处指尝试种植适合这片土壤的不同作物，从而再次恢复农场。故选A项。]
(　　)9．A．restore B．exchange
C．donate D．abandon
√
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文的“You can diversify”和“Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways．”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，应该使他的农场多样化。故选B项。]
(　　)10．A．formal B．diverse
C．realistic D．obvious
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“This disaster could push him to make his farm ________and sustainable in a new way．”可知，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展，所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C项。]
(　　)11．A．informed B．demanded
C．enlightened D．promised
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文的“new crops and soon，the farm was full of life again”可知，农场又充满了生机，所以可以推出Whitaker种上了新作物。故选B项。]
(　　)12．A．tasted B．planted
C．shared D．received
√
D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文的“with the wonder of Whitaker's field”可知，邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻。故选D项。]
(　　)13．A．careful B．troubled
C．familiar D．impressed
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“You can diversify”“Thomas was right”和后文的“their crops as well”可知，Whitaker种上了多种作物，邻近城镇的农民也开始多样化种植作物。故选A项。]
(　　)14．A．diversify B．remove
C．deliver D．observe
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文的“of adaptability and hope，telling everyone that in every storm，there is a chance for new growth”可知，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征。故选C项。]
(　　)15．A．manner B．dream
C．symbol D．cause
√
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·江西萍乡二模)
你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一篇主题为“Focus on Fire Safety，Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动过程和感受。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：灭火器 fire extinguisher；消防栓 fire hydrant
___________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students，a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety，Cherish Life” was successfully conducted in our school．
Initially，professional firefighters were invited to deliver onsite explanations and demonstrate the correct usage of fire extinguishers and fire hydrants．Then，during the drill，the moment the alarm sounded，all students covering their mouths and noses with wet towels bent down low，and promptly evacuated to a safe area in an orderly manner according to the predetermined escape route．
Through this fire drill，not only did we acquire essential fire prevention knowledge and skills but our fire safety awareness was further strengthened．
谢 谢！课时数智作业(五)
必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·北京大兴三模)
Almost every day，we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media．These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time．A severe storm，an electric power breakdown，or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual．This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan．
Ⅰ Stockpiling food and drink ·Drinking is more important than eating．Keep about 14 litres of liquid per person in stock for each week． ·No experiments．Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have． ·Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold． Ⅱ Emergency pack ·The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house．Don't take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包)．A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase，as it allows you to have both hands free． ·The emergency rucksack should contain these items： —First aid materials，personal medication —Sleeping bags or blankets —Hygiene products for a couple of days Ⅲ Electric power breakdown ·Keep a supply of torches and candles，as well as spare batteries，matches or lighters in the house．Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely．Regularly use the batteries up and replace them． ·You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove，one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas．
Ⅳ Keep up to date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world．Information and warnings are important for survival．Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio，television or the Internet．However，television and the Internet only work when there is electric power，which could fail．This leaves just the radio as the main warning device． Ⅴ About us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organisational unit for civil security in Germany．The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self help．You can find further information on our website．
1．The brochure is provided in order to ．(　　)
A．inform people about recent disasters
B．provide tips on how to survive in a disaster
C．encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis
D．promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance
2．What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster？(　　)
A．A laptop．　　 B．A television．
C．A mobile phone． D．A battery powered radio．
3．The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is ．(　　)
A．a charity that collects donations for disaster victims
B．a non profit organisation that provides disaster relief globally
C．an international organisation that coordinates disaster response efforts
D．a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany
B 篇(限时7分钟)
Survival is every living being's basic instinct．Animals，you may have noticed，know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food，water，and decent habitat．Humans too have the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind．
With the development of society，we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle，but unfortunately，with this cozy life，we have lost touch with our basic instincts．We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away，we do not know how to make do without them．We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically．
Man is the most intelligent of nature's creation．Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that．Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator If you do not agree with me，then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in．What is the cause of it A virus outbreak No．It's the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely．We are looking at our governments for help．Why in such urgent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves，pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could．All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end，and only then will you be able to survive．
Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through，step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself．It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster，man made or natural，on your own，with the right kind of advance preparation．It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later．It is a survival guide based on the real life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes．
4．What does the underlined word “creator”in paragraph 3 refer to？(　　)
A．Nature． B．Achievement．
C．Mankind． D．Government．
5．What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters？(　　)
A．Be equipped with multiple skills．
B．Be appreciative of human's creations．
C．Be calm and dependent on our capabilities．
D．Be faithful to the governments．
6．What does the writer agree with？(　　)
A．A full preparation can help you survive the disasters．
B．Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters．
C．A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking．
D．Modernisation is to blame for the panic we are in．
7．What might Frank Marshall be？(　　)
A．A noted psychologist．
B．A retired soldier．
C．A film review writer．
D．A magazine publisher．
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·山东日照二模)
While it's impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start，new Department of Defense sponsored research from Brigham Young University's Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels．
For their experiments，fire expert Thomas H．Fletcher and co authors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible (坩埚) of a thermogravimetric analyser (热重分析仪) and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius．As they watched the leaves burn，they categorised the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat．They also compared the impact of two heat sources: convective (think of wind driven fires) and radiative (from burning plant particles or flames)．
The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn．That's important to know because the type of plant found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species．
“Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time，the fire has moved and it's not in the same place anymore，”Fletcher said．“We're aiming towards giving answers on how a fire might propagate in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks．”
The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed (有计划的) burns and for unplanned wildfires．With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually，any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority．
“With all we've done to research them，fires are still out of control，”Fletcher said．“Our model can't prevent a fire，but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts，it doesn't blow up into a huge，uncontrollable fire．”
8．What is paragraph 2 mainly about？(　　)
A．The research subjects．
B．The research findings．
C．The research procedures．
D．The research objectives．
9．What does the research find about the chemistry of plants？(　　)
A．It affects the speed of a fire．
B．It is one of the causes of a fire．
C．It breaks down quickly in a fire．
D．It helps plants survive in a fire．
10．What does the underlined word “propagate”in paragraph 4 mean？(　　)
A．Explode． B．Spread．
C．Die down． D．Break out．
11．Why do the researchers develop the new model？(　　)
A．To make the most out of wildfires．
B．To control wildfires more efficiently．
C．To predict the outbreak of wildfires．
D．To prevent wildfires from happening．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·广东肇庆二模)
Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops．A terrible 1 had swept through his farm the night before，and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed．His neighbour，a kind young man named Thomas， 3 to offer his help．
“What a disaster，”Whitaker said．“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field．I feel 4 and don't know what to do now．”
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment．“I see this not as a disaster but as an 5 ，”he said．Whitaker looked at him 6 ．“How can it be？”he asked．Thomas smiled 7 ，“Now you have a chance to try something new．You've always grown beans and cabbages．Why not try planting 8 crops that will also fit in this soil You can diversify and therefore 9 your farm once again．”
Elmer Whitaker considered this．Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways．This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way．“You have 11 me，”Whitaker said．He clapped Thomas on the back．“Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty．”
And so Whitaker 12 new crops and soon，the farm was full of life again．Farmers from neighbouring towns were 13 with the wonder of Whitaker's field，and they began to 14 their crops as well．Elmer Whitaker's farm has become a 15 of adaptability and hope，telling everyone that in every storm，there is a chance for new growth．
(　　)1．A．force　　　 B．smoke
C．war D．storm
(　　)2．A．mud B．grass
C．mist D．dust
(　　)3．A．went on B．set off
C．came by D．burst in
(　　)4．A．special B．desperate
C．sensitive D．tireless
(　　)5．A．opportunity B．agreement
C．intention D．element
(　　)6．A．as usual B．in disbelief
C．on purpose D．with pride
(　　)7．A．innocently B．gratefully
C．politely D．cheerfully
(　　)8．A．major B．traditional
C．different D．natural
(　　)9．A．restore B．exchange
C．donate D．abandon
(　　)10．A．formal B．diverse
C．realistic D．obvious
(　　)11．A．informed B．demanded
C．enlightened D．promised
(　　)12．A．tasted B．planted
C．shared D．received
(　　)13．A．careful B．troubled
C．familiar D．impressed
(　　)14．A．diversify B．remove
C．deliver D．observe
(　　)15．A．manner B．dream
C．symbol D．cause
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·江西萍乡二模)
你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一篇主题为“Focus on Fire Safety，Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动过程和感受。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：灭火器 fire extinguisher；消防栓 fire hydrant
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
课时数智作业(五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了应对各类灾害的个人应急准备指南，包括囤积物资、应急包、电力中断应对措施、信息获取渠道及联邦民防与灾害救助办公室的简介。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据文章开头第一段以及后续各部分可知，文章提供了在灾难中生存的具体建议，如储存食物和水、应急包准备、电力中断应对措施、紧急情况下保持信息畅通等，可以看出该手册旨在提供在灾难中生存的技巧和建议。故选B。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据第Ⅳ部分的“However，television and the Internet only work when there is electric power，which could fail．This leaves just the radio as the main warning device．”可知，在电力可能中断的情况下，无线电成了接收预警的主要设备。故选D。]
3．D　[细节理解题。根据第Ⅴ部分的“The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organisational unit for civil security in Germany．”并结合后文可知，联邦民防与灾害救助办公室是德国的一个政府机构，负责公民安全和紧急情况下的准备工作。故选D。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出问题和分析问题，呼吁人们恢复自我生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指导人们如何在灾难面前自救。
4．C　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator？”可知，这里的“creator”指的是创造这些人类发明或成果的主体。因此“creator”最可能指的是“Mankind”，即人类自身。故选C项。]
5．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句可以看出，作者建议我们在灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的准备。故选C项。]
6．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段前两句可以看出，作者可能会同意“A full preparation can help you survive the disasters”。故选A项。]
7．B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可以推断出，Frank Marshall可能是一名退伍军人，因为他有军队背景并且分享了基于军队经验的生存技巧。故选B项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杨百翰大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究正在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节，以提供更多关于野火如何通过荒地燃料燃烧的信息。
8．C　[段落大意题。根据第二段“在他们的实验中，火灾专家Thomas H．Fletcher和合著者将14种植物的叶子放入热重分析仪的坩埚中，慢慢地将热量提高到800摄氏度。当他们观察树叶燃烧时，他们对植物分解的速度和热量产生的化学物质进行了分类。他们还比较了两种热源的影响：对流热源(想想风力驱动的火灾)和辐射热源(燃烧的植物颗粒或火焰)”可知，第二段主要介绍了Thomas H．Fletcher和合著者开展研究的具体步骤。故选C项。]
9．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“研究发现，植物的化学成分对它们开始燃烧前的分解速度有很大的影响。知道这一点很重要，因为在山坡上发现的植物类型可能有助于预测大火将如何燃烧，以及它可能以多快的速度引燃另一种植物”可知，研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度。故选A项。]
10．B　[词义猜测题。根据本段中画线词所在句的上文可知，已经存在的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时过久，导致无法对已经转移的火灾进行管理，再结合画线词的上文“We're aiming towards giving answers”和下文“in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks”可推知，Fletcher的研究目的是在很短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答案，确保模型的时效性，画线词的意思应该是“传播，扩散”，与spread意思相近。故选B项。]
11．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，研究者开发该新模型是为了更有效地控制野火。故选B项。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Elmer Whitaker的农场受灾后，开始多样化种植作物，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，以此告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。
1．D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”和后文的“What a disaster”可知，这是一场灾难，而且灾难过后庄稼被泥浆覆盖，所以结合选项可知，storm意思合适。故选D项。]
2．A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”可知，Whitaker看着泥泞的庄稼，所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。故选A项。]
3．C　[考查动词短语辨析。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in
and destroyed”和后文的“to offer his help”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C项。]
4．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in
and destroyed”和“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field．”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，他的全家一直靠这片田地的收成生存，所以他感到绝望。故选B项。]
5．A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new．”可知，现在有机会尝试新事物，所以Thomas认为这不是灾难，而是机会。故选A项。]
6．B　[考查固定短语辨析。根据后文的“How can it be？”可知，Whitaker认为这不可能，觉得难以置信。故选B项。]
7．D　[考查副词词义辨析。根据前文的“smiled”和后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new．”可知，Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了，所以高兴地笑着说。故选D项。]
8．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文的“You can diversify”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，即种植不同的作物。故选C项。]
9．A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“and his crops were now covered in
and destroyed”和后文的“your farm once again”可知，Whitaker的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以此处指尝试种植适合这片土壤的不同作物，从而再次恢复农场。故选A项。]
10．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文的“You can diversify”和“Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways．”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，应该使他的农场多样化。故选B项。]
11．C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“This disaster could push him to make his farm and sustainable in a new way．”可知，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展，所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C项。]
12．B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文的“new crops and soon，the farm was full of life again”可知，农场又充满了生机，所以可以推出Whitaker种上了新作物。故选B项。]
13．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文的“with the wonder of Whitaker's field”可知，邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻。故选D项。]
14．A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文的“You can diversify”“Thomas was right”和后文的“their crops as well”可知，Whitaker种上了多种作物，邻近城镇的农民也开始多样化种植作物。故选A项。]
15．C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文的“of adaptability and hope，telling everyone that in every storm，there is a chance for new growth”可知，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征。故选C项。]
Ⅲ．【参考范文】
In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students，a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety，Cherish Life”was successfully conducted in our school．
Initially，professional firefighters were invited to deliver onsite explanations and demonstrate the correct usage of fire extinguishers and fire hydrants．Then，during the drill，the moment the alarm sounded，all students covering their mouths and noses with wet towels bent down low，and promptly evacuated to a safe area in an orderly manner according to the predetermined escape route．
Through this fire drill，not only did we acquire essential fire prevention knowledge and skills but our fire safety awareness was further strengthened．
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