资源简介

核心 词汇 1．____________ adj．以前的；(两者中)前者的 2．____________ vt．保存；保护；维持n．保护区 3．____________ n．抗议 vi．& vt． (公开)反对；抗议　4．____________ adj．可能的 adv．可能地 5．____________ vt．建立；创立 6．____________ vt．促进；提升；推销；晋级 7．____________ n．形象；印象 8．____________ n．重要议题；争论的问题vt．宣布；公布 9．____________ n．& vt． 企图；试图；尝试 10．____________ adj．值得做的；值得花时间的 11．____________ adv．更远；进一步 12．____________ vt．& vi． 原谅；宽恕 vt．对不起；请原谅 13．____________ prep．各处；遍及；自始至终 14．____________ prep．& adv．在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内 15．____________ n．意见；想法；看法 16．____________ n．行为；举止；管理方法 vt．组织；安排；带领 17．____________ n．对比；对照 vt．对比；对照 18．____________ n．质量；品质；素质；特征adj．优质的；高质量的 19．____________ n．过程；进程；步骤 vt．处理；加工 20．____________ n．提议；建议
阅读 词汇 1．temple n．____________　　　　　　　　 2．dragon n．____________ 3．clue n．____________ 4．committee n．____________ 5．mirror n．____________ 6．fund n．____________ 7．republic n．____________ 8．department n．____________ 9．sheet n．____________ 10．____________ n．出口；通道 vi．& vt．出去；离去 11．____________ adv．永远；长久地 12．____________ adj．数码的；数字显示的 13．____________ n．文件；公文；(计算机)文档 vt．记录；记载(详情) 14．____________ n．顶部；屋顶 15．____________ vt．下载 n．下载；已下载的数据资料 16．____________ adj．海外的adv．在海外 17．____________ n．山洞；洞穴 18．____________ vt．引用 19．____________ n．山峰 vt．爬上；骑上 vi．爬；登上
拓展 词汇 1．creative adj．创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→____________ adv．创造性地；有创造力地→____________ n．创造力；创造性→____________ n．创造；创作；作品→____________ n．生物→____________ vt．创造 2．application n．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→____________ vi．申请 vt．应用；使用→____________ n．申请人 3．contribute vi．& vt．捐献；捐助→____________ n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→____________ n．撰稿人；捐款者 4．investigate vi．& vt．调查；研究→____________ n．调查；研究 5．donate vt．(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)→____________ n．捐赠；赠送→____________ n．捐赠者 6．appear vi．出现→____________ n．出现；外表→____________ vi．消失；灭绝；消亡→____________ n．消失；灭绝；消亡
拓展 词汇 7．profession n．专业；职业→____________ adj．专业的；职业的 n．专业人员；职业选手→____________ n．教授 8．tradition n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→____________ adj．传统的→____________ adv．传统地 9．history n．历史→____________ adj．历史上著名(或重要)的；有史时期的→____________ adj．(有关)历史的→____________ n．历史学家 10．compare vt．& vi．与……相比较→____________ n．比较；相比→____________ adj．可相比的；类似的 11．identify vt．确认；认出；找到→____________ n．身份；个性→____________ n．识别；身份证明→____________ adj．不能辨别的 12．balance n．平衡；均匀 vt．使平衡→____________ adj．平衡的；均衡的 13．limit n．限度；限制 vt．限制；限定→____________ adj．有限的；受限制的→____________ adj．无限的→____________ n．局限 14．prevent vt．阻止；阻碍；阻挠→____________ n．防止；预防→____________ adj．预防性的；防备的 15．loss n．丧失；损失→____________ vt．丢失→____________ adj．迷路的；失去的
高频 短语 1．________________ 参与(某事)；参加(某活动)　　　　2．________________ 向……求助 3．________________ 保持平衡 4．________________ 导致 5．give way to________________ 6．make a proposal________________ 7．donate...to...________________ 8．all over the world________________
句型 公式 1．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future．(There comes a time when...) 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 2．It is said that it's a mirror that can tell right from wrong！(It's said that...) 据说这是一面可以分辨是非的镜子！ 3．As one researcher who is working on the project explains，“Appreciating one's own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself．”(as引导非限制性定语从句) 正如一位从事该项目的研究人员所解释的：“欣赏自己国家的文化遗产，对于了解自我非常重要。”
In order to promote students' 1．____________(aware)of keeping a balance between development and protection, the Cultural Heritage Protection Committee started cooperating with our school． A department 2．____________(establish), aiming to instruct students 3．____________ (investigate) the condition of local cultural relics and make proposals to the committee, 4．____________ will conduct protection activities to make sure that all the cultural relics are well preserved． Therefore, our school, together with our classmates, organized a fund-raising campaign in the community, calling 5．____________ contributions to the protection of cultural heritage． Besides, we downloaded some applications and documents about 6．____________(culture) relics from websites． Meanwhile, we consulted a professional archaeologist who studied the pyramids in the Arab Republic of Egypt 7．____________(use) digital technology． We were delighted to see everyone take 8．____________ active part in the preservation activity． In conclusion, we are 9．____________(firm) convinced that 10．____________ is worthwhile to do so because appreciating the cultures around the world is very important for international communication and understanding．
1．limit n．限度；限制 vt．限制；限定
①(外研版必修第一册Unit 6)But in cities, ____________(limit) space has led to people looking for new solutions．
②(外研版必修第二册Unit 2)With his ____________(limit)imagination, he created new worlds for his readers to explore．
③There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to __________(serve) the people．
　应用文写作之建议信
首先， 如果我是你， 我会尽量限制每天花在电子游戏上的时间， 这样我就可以把更多的时间花在其他有意义的活动和爱好上。
First, if I were you, I would try my best ________________________ spent on video games each day, so I could spend more time on other meaningful activities and hobbies．
◎beyond the limit　超过限度
◎set a limit to sth． 对……规定限度
◎there is a/no limit to...对……是有限度的/无限制的
◎limit...to...把……限制在……内
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic．
在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少垃圾。
2．balance n．平衡；均匀 vt．使平衡
①As a teenager, your body is going through many physical changes, which need to be supported by a healthy, ____________(balance) diet．
②Before making the final decision，you'd better balance the advantages ____________ the disadvantages．
　读后续写之动作描写
我踩到了香蕉皮，失去平衡，趴到地上。路人放声大笑。
I stepped on a banana skin，____________________________________ and fell flat on the ground，passers-by screaming with laughter．
◎keep one's balance 保持平衡
◎lose one's balance 失去平衡
◎keep a balance between A and B
在A和B之间保持平衡
◎balance...against...权衡重要性；比较(两个相对的事物)
◎To study more efficiently, you'd better keep a balance between learning and working out．
为了更有效地学习，你最好在学习和锻炼之间保持平衡。
3．attempt n．& vt．企图；试图；尝试
①In the next few days，we made ____________ attempt to search for our beloved dog in each and every corner, but in vain．
②For years researchers have attempted ____________ (show) that television is dangerous to children．
　
在幽暗的山谷里多次尝试寻找出口未果后，我们除了感到疲惫和饥饿之外，还感到绝望。
________________________________________ to find/at finding a way out in the gloomy valley，in addition to being tired and hungry, we felt desperate．
◎attempt to do sth．试图或努力做某事
◎make an attempt to do/at doing sth．试图或努力做某事
◎at the first attempt第一次尝试时
◎in an attempt to以求；试图；力图
◎(2024·全国甲卷)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation．
圣卢卡斯每年到达一次是改善这种情况的又一次尝试。
4．worthwhile adj．值得做的；值得花时间的
①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 2)Even though being a camper has its challenges, I feel ____________ is worthwhile．
②It is well worth ____________ (make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection．
　一句多译
我认为，这个音乐节的开幕式很值得观看。
①Personally speaking, the opening ceremony of the music festival ________________________．(worth)
②As far as I'm concerned, the opening ceremony of the music festival ________________________________________________．(worthy)
③From my point of view, ________________________________________ the opening ceremony of the music festival．(worthwhile)
◎It is worthwhile doing sth．/to do sth．
做某事是值得的
◎sth． be worth sth．/doing 某事物值得……
◎sth． be worthy to be done 某事值得做
◎sth． be worthy of sth．/being done 某事值得某事物/做
◎(中国日报)“Passion fruit cultivation requires patient and careful nurturing, but the return is worthwhile，” he said．
他说：“百香果需要耐心和仔细的培育，但回报是值得的。”
5．lead to 导致
①Questioning can lead to ____________ (search) for an answer．
②With the old man ____________(lead) the way，we finally walked out of the woods and we breathed a sigh of relief．
③In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them ____________(practice) speaking English in an interesting way．
　完成句子
众所周知，成功源于勤奋，而懒惰导致失败。
As is known to us all, success lies in hard work while ______________________________________________________________．
◎lead sb． to do... 使某人做……
◎lead sb． to... 引导某人……
◎lead/live a(n)...life 过着……的生活
◎lead to sb．/one's doing sth．导致某人做某事
◎(2024·全国甲卷)Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating．
独自吃饭，尤其是在电视或电脑前，通常会导致盲目的暴饮暴食。
6．[教材原句]There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future．(There comes a time when...)
新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
①Behind Zibo's sudden fame ____________ (be) the efforts and services of the local government．
②Years ago，there ____________(lie) a brook in front of the village，where we used to fish after school．
　应用文写作之环境保护
到了我们必须采取进一步措施阻止许多濒危物种消失的时候了。
____________________________________ we must take further measures to prevent many endangered species from disappearing．
◎“There comes a time when...”是一种语序倒装形式，即here、there等副词置于句首且主语是名词时，要把谓语动词提到主语前。
◎用于该句型的动词有be，come，stand，lie，live，appear等。
◎There comes a time when we should face up to the reality and make changes．
到了我们该正视现实并做出改变的时候了。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．We met a ____________(profession) archaeologist at the ____________(enter) to the Great Pyramid, who explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure．
2．The discovery of new evidence led to the suspect's ____________(catch)．
3．Obviously，there is no ____________(compare) in quality between the two digital products．
4．People who appreciate others' efforts are more likely ____________(regard) as respectable people．
5．No matter when the boy meets with a difficult problem related to study，he will turn __________ the Internet．
6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute ____________ (tradition) farms and the surrounding environment．
7．It is of great importance to have a ____________(balance) diet and avoid eating ____________(process) food．
8．The company, ____________(establish) in 2000, ____________(donate) a great deal of money to charities in the past years．
9．(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)We are happy to be taking part ____________ the project． It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and ____________ (create) activities．
10．Before she ended her speech, the scientist suggested that we need to establish a committee of experts ____________(preserve) the cultural heritage and prevent it from ____________(harm)．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．conduct
(1)The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city． ________
(2)For Europeans，the law is a statement of basic principles of civilized conduct． ________
(3)The company conducted a customer survey on their satisfaction level． ________
2．issue
(1) (2024·全国甲卷)That's why this issue of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing． ________
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use． ________
(3)(2022·全国乙卷)A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative． ________
3．(2022·全国甲卷)A year later，much to my delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me． ________
A．提议　　　B．计划　　　　　C．求婚
4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records． ________
A．文件 B．记录，记载 C．证明
5．It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． ________
A．识别 B．发现 C．理解
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．俗话说，欲速则不达。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________________，
haste makes waste．
2．The English newspaper Youth not only enriches my campus life but also strengthens my learning ability．
→_____________________________________________________________________， but also it strengthens my learning ability． (倒装句)
3．据说，睡眠不足会导致判断力差、缺乏创造力，甚至是抑郁。(It's said that...)
________________________ not getting enough sleep leads to poor judgement，lack of creativity，and even depression．
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，主题为“保护文化遗产”。请你围绕此主题写一篇英语短文投稿。内容包括：
1．保护文化遗产的重要性；
2．发出倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①在经济发展的过程中，新旧更替的时代已经到来。(There comes a time when...)
In the process of economic development，____________________________________．
②我们应该在经济发展和文化遗产保护之间保持平衡。(keep a balance between...and...)
We should ______________________________________________ cultural heritage．
③文化遗产不仅是一个国家的财富，也是全世界的宝贵财富，是全球人类智慧的结晶。(not only...but also...)
Cultural heritage is _________________________________________________ and the crystallization of global human intelligence．
④我们应该不遗余力地保持它的完好。(spare no effort to)
We should ________________________________ in good condition．
⑤任何破坏遗产的行为都将会造成巨大的文化损失，应该受到严厉地惩罚。(conduct；动词-ing形式作后置定语)
____________________________________________________ will cause great cultural losses and should be severely punished．
⑥我真诚地建议我们每个人都应该积极地为保护它做出贡献。(make a proposal；contribution)
I sincerely __________________ that each of us individuals should actively ________________________________________．
　句式升级
⑦用倒装句改写句子③。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 heritage；relic；mount；roof；cave；preserve；promote；keep balance；make a proposal；protest；turn to；limit；prevent...from...；contribute；investigate；conduct；donate；disappear；attempt；make sure；contrast；identify
美句 1．The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today． 2．Heritage is our legacy from the past，what we live with today，and what we pass on to future generations． 3．Experts investigated the issue，conducted several tests，and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved． 4．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future． 5．As one researcher who is working on the project explains，“Appreciating one's own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself．Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding．”
拓展 语料 单词 like prep．像……；as prep．如同；resemble v．与……相似
语块 as precious as a pearl像珍珠一样珍贵；as unique as a fingerprint像指纹一样独一无二；as soft as water柔情似水；as clear as crystal透明如水晶；shine like a diamond像钻石一样闪闪发光；like a cat on hot bricks像热锅上的蚂蚁；like a duck to water像鸭子入水般容易；a couch potato电视迷；懒人；a map of time时间地图
句型 1．The road ahead was like a ribbon stretching across the desert． 前面的路就像是横在沙漠里的一条缎带。 2．Jenny couldn't resist her inner joy，flying into the door like a bird． 珍妮抑制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。 3．He didn't think he could go any further．His two legs felt like pieces of wood—heavy and stiff． 他觉得他无法向前走了，双腿像木头一样沉重而僵硬。 4．Like a map of time，the Palace Museum recorded the magnificent history and glorious culture of ancient China． 故宫就像一张时间地图，记录着中国古代辉煌的历史和灿烂的文化。 5．Hope is a flickering candle in the darkness, giving us courage to move forward． 希望是黑暗中一支闪烁的蜡烛，给予我们前进的勇气。
　语料运用
①位于中国北部的它就像一条巨龙，是世界奇观之一。(be like)
Located in the north of China _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________，
it is one of the wonders of the world．
②它是中国古代劳动者血汗的结晶，是中华文化的象征，是中华民族的骄傲，体现了古人的巧夺天工。(symbol)
It is the crystallization of blood and sweat of ancient Chinese labors，____________________________________________________________，reflecting the supernatural workmanship of ancient people．
③但随着越来越多的人参观它，这一像珍珠一样珍贵的世界文化遗产地已经遭到一定程度的损坏。(定语从句)
But with more and more people visiting it，this world cultural heritage site _____________________________________________________________________．
④幸运的是，为了保护这一文化瑰宝，政府已经采取了一系列措施。(attempt，preserve)
Fortunately，________________________________________________，the government has taken a range of measures．
⑤但作为负责任的公民，我强烈建议我们也应该做出贡献。(propose，contribution)
But as a responsible citizen，I strongly __________________________________．
必修第二册　UNIT 1
单元词句 语境背记
核心词汇　
1．former　2．preserve　3．protest　4．likely　5．establish　6．promote　7．image　8．issue　9．attempt　10．worthwhile　11．further　12．forgive　13．throughout　14．within　15．opinion　16．conduct　17．contrast　18．quality　19．process　20．proposal
阅读词汇
1．庙；寺　2．龙　3．线索；提示　4．委员会　5．镜子　6．基金；专款　7．共和国　8．部；司；科　9．一张(纸)；床单；被单　10．exit　11．forever　12．digital　13．document　14．roof　15．download　16．overseas　17．cave　18．quote　19．mount
拓展词汇
1．creatively；creativity；creation；creature；create　2．apply；　applicant　3．contribution；contributor　4．investigation　5．donation；donor　6．appearance；disappear；disappearance　7．professional；professor　8．traditional；traditionally
9．historic；historical；historian　10．comparison；comparable　11．identity；identification；unidentified　12．balanced　13．limited；limitless/unlimited；limitation　14．prevention；　preventive　15．lose；lost
高频短语
1．take part in　2．turn to　3．keep balance　4．lead to　5．让步；屈服　6．提出建议　7．向……捐赠……　8．在世界各地
语境串记
1．awareness　2．was established　3．to investigate　4．which　5．for　6．cultural　7．using　8．an　9．firmly　10．it
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．①limited　②limitless　③serving
[完美写作]to limit the time
2．①balanced　②against
[完美写作]lost my balance
3．①an　②to show
[完美写作]After a series of fruitless attempts
4．①it　②making
[完美写作]①is well worth watching　②is very worthy to be watched/of being watched　③it is very worthwhile watching/to watch
5．①searching　②leading　③to practice
[完美写作]laziness leads to failure
6．①are　②lay
[完美写作]There comes a time when
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．1．professional；entrance　2．being caught　3．comparison　4．to be regarded　5．to　6．traditional　7．balanced；processed　8．established；has donated　9．in；creative　10．to preserve；being harmed
Ⅱ．1．(1)A　(2)B　(3)C
2．(1)A　(2)B　(3)C
3．C　4．B　5．B
Ⅲ．1．As the saying goes　2．Not only does the English newspaper Youth enrich my campus life　3．It's said that
主题引领 写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1
①there comes a time when the old must give way to the new
②keep a balance between economic development and the protection of　③not only the wealth of a country but also precious treasure of the whole world　④spare no effort to preserve it　⑤Any conducts damaging the heritage　⑥make a proposal；make a contribution to its preservation
Step 2
⑦Not only is cultural heritage the wealth of a country but also precious treasure of the whole world and the crystallization of global human intelligence．
Step 3
Cultural Heritage Protection
As we all know，in the process of economic development，there comes a time when the old must give way to the new．However，as far as I am concerned，we should keep a balance between economic development and the protection of cultural heritage．
Not only is cultural heritage the wealth of a country but also precious treasure of the whole world and the crystallization of global human intelligence．We should spare no effort to preserve it in good condition．Any conducts damaging the heritage will cause great cultural losses and should be severely punished．
Therefore，I sincerely make a proposal that each of us individuals should actively make a contribution to its preservation．
读后续写
Step 2
①like a giant dragon　②the symbol of Chinese culture and the pride of Chinese nation　③which/that is as precious as a pearl has been damaged to a certain extent　④in an attempt to preserve this cultural treasure　⑤propose that we also make our contributions
1 / 15(共128张PPT)
第一部分　
教材知识讲练
必修第二册
UNIT 1　CULTURAL HERITAGE
单元主题 导图串记
单元词句 语境背记
核心词汇
1．_______ adj．以前的；(两者中)前者的
2．________ vt．保存；保护；维持n．保护区
3．_______ n．抗议 vi．& vt．(公开)反对；抗议　
4．______ adj．可能的 adv．可能地
5．_________ vt．建立；创立
6．________ vt．促进；提升；推销；晋级
7．______ n．形象；印象
former
preserve
protest
likely
establish
promote
image
核心词汇
8．_____ n．重要议题；争论的问题vt．宣布；公布
9．________ n．& vt．企图；试图；尝试
10．____________ adj．值得做的；值得花时间的
11．_______ adv．更远；进一步
12．_______ vt．& vi．原谅；宽恕 vt．对不起；请原谅
13．__________ prep．各处；遍及；自始至终
14．_______ prep．& adv．在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内
15．_______ n．意见；想法；看法
issue
attempt
worthwhile
further
forgive
throughout
within
opinion
核心词汇
16．_______ n．行为；举止；管理方法 vt．组织；安排；带领
17．________ n．对比；对照 vt．对比；对照
18．_______ n．质量；品质；素质；特征adj．优质的；高质量的
19．_______ n．过程；进程；步骤 vt．处理；加工
20．________ n．提议；建议
conduct
contrast
quality
process
proposal
阅读 词汇
1．temple n．______　　　　　　　　　 　
2．dragon n．__
3．clue n．__________
4．committee n．______
5．mirror n．____
6．fund n．__________
7．republic n．______
庙；寺
龙
线索；提示
委员会
镜子
基金；专款
共和国
阅读 词汇
8．department n．__________
9．sheet n．______________________
10．____ n．出口；通道 vi．& vt．出去；离去
11．_______ adv．永远；长久地
12．_______ adj．数码的；数字显示的
13．_________ n．文件；公文；(计算机)文档 vt．记录；记载(详情)
部；司；科
一张(纸)；床单；被单
exit
forever
digital
document
阅读 词汇
14．____ n．顶部；屋顶
15．_________ vt．下载 n．下载；已下载的数据资料
16．________ adj．海外的adv．在海外
17．____ n．山洞；洞穴
18．_____ vt．引用
19．______ n．山峰 vt．爬上；骑上 vi．爬；登上
roof
download
overseas
cave
quote
mount
拓展词汇
1．creative adj．创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→__________ adv．创造性地；有创造力地→__________ n．创造力；创造性→________ n．创造；创作；作品→________ n．生物→______ vt．创造
2．application n．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→_____ vi．申请 vt．应用；使用→_________ n．申请人
3．contribute vi．& vt．捐献；捐助→____________ n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→___________ n．撰稿人；捐款者
creatively
creativity
creation
creature
create
apply
applicant
contribution
contributor
拓展词汇
4．investigate vi．& vt．调查；研究→_____________ n．调查；研究
5．donate vt．(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)→________ n．捐赠；赠送→_____ n．捐赠者
6．appear vi．出现→__________ n．出现；外表→_________ vi．消失；灭绝；消亡→_____________ n．消失；灭绝；消亡
investigation
donation
donor
appearance
disappear
disappearance
拓展词汇
7．profession n．专业；职业→____________ adj．专业的；职业的 n．专业人员；职业选手→_________ n．教授
8．tradition n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→___________ adj．传统的→_____________ adv．传统地
9．history n．历史→________ adj．历史上著名(或重要)的；有史时期的→__________ adj．(有关)历史的→_____________ n．历史学家
professional
professor
traditional
traditionally
historic
historical
historian
拓展词汇
10．compare vt．& vi．与……相比较→___________ n．比较；相比→___________ adj．可相比的；类似的
11．identify vt．确认；认出；找到→________ n．身份；个性→______________ n．识别；身份证明→____________ adj．不能辨别的
12．balance n．平衡；均匀 vt．使平衡→________ adj．平衡的；均衡的
comparison
comparable
identity
identification
unidentified
balanced
拓展词汇
13．limit n．限度；限制 vt．限制；限定→________ adj．有限的；受限制的→ ______________________ adj．无限的→___________ n．局限
14．prevent vt．阻止；阻碍；阻挠→__________ n．防止；预防→__________ adj．预防性的；防备的
15．loss n．丧失；损失→____ vt．丢失→____ adj．迷路的；失去的
limited
limitless/unlimited
limitation
prevention
preventive
lose
lost
高频短语
1．__________ 参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
2．______ 向……求助
3．___________ 保持平衡
4．______ 导致
5．give way to__________
6．make a proposal________
7．donate...to...______________
8．all over the world__________
take part in
turn to
keep balance
lead to
让步；屈服
提出建议
向……捐赠……
在世界各地
句型公式
1．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future．(There comes a time when...)
新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
2．It is said that it's a mirror that can tell right from wrong！(It's said that...)
据说这是一面可以分辨是非的镜子！
句型公式
3．As one researcher who is working on the project explains，“Appreciating one's own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself．”(as引导非限制性定语从句)
正如一位从事该项目的研究人员所解释的：“欣赏自己国家的文化遗产，对于了解自我非常重要。”
In order to promote students' 1．__________(aware)of keeping a balance between development and protection，the Cultural Heritage Protection Committee started cooperating with our school．A department 2．_______________________(establish)，aiming to instruct students 3．_____________ (investigate) the condition of local cultural relics and make proposals to the committee，4．_________ will conduct protection activities to make sure that all the cultural relics are well preserved．Therefore，our school，together with our classmates，organized
awareness
was established
to investigate
which
a fund-raising campaign in the community，calling 5．___ contributions to the protection of cultural heritage．Besides，we downloaded some applications and documents about 6．________(culture) relics from websites．Meanwhile，we consulted a professional archaeologist who studied the pyramids in the Arab Republic of Egypt 7．_____(use) digital technology．We were delighted to see everyone take 8．___ active part in the preservation activity．In conclusion，we are 9．_______(firm) convinced that 10．__ is worthwhile to do so because appreciating the cultures around the world is very important for international communication and understanding．
for
cultural
using
an
firmly
it
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．limit n．限度；限制 vt．限制；限定
①(外研版必修第一册Unit 6)But in cities，________(limit) space has led to people looking for new solutions．
②(外研版必修第二册Unit 2)With his __________(limit)imagination，he created new worlds for his readers to explore．
③There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to _______(serve) the people．
limited
limitless
serving
完美写作　应用文写作之建议信
首先，如果我是你，我会尽量限制每天花在电子游戏上的时间，这样我就可以把更多的时间花在其他有意义的活动和爱好上。
First，if I were you，I would try my best ________________ spent on video games each day，so I could spend more time on other meaningful activities and hobbies．
to limit the time
◎beyond the limit　超过限度
◎set a limit to sth．对……规定限度
◎there is a/no limit to...对……是有限度的/无限制的
◎limit...to...把……限制在……内
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic．
在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少垃圾。
2．balance n．平衡；均匀 vt．使平衡
①As a teenager，your body is going through many physical changes，which need to be supported by a healthy，________(balance) diet．
②Before making the final decision，you'd better balance the advantages _______ the disadvantages．
balanced
against
完美写作　读后续写之动作描写
我踩到了香蕉皮，失去平衡，趴到地上。路人放声大笑。
I stepped on a banana skin，______________ and fell flat on the ground，passers-by screaming with laughter．
lost my balance
◎keep one's balance 保持平衡
◎lose one's balance 失去平衡
◎keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡
◎balance...against...权衡重要性；比较(两个相对的事物)
◎To study more efficiently，you'd better keep a balance between learning and working out．
为了更有效地学习，你最好在学习和锻炼之间保持平衡。
3．attempt n．& vt．企图；试图；尝试
①In the next few days，we made __ attempt to search for our beloved dog in each and every corner，but in vain．
②For years researchers have attempted _______ (show) that television is dangerous to children．
an
to show
完美写作　
在幽暗的山谷里多次尝试寻找出口未果后，我们除了感到疲惫和饥饿之外，还感到绝望。
_________________________________ to find/at finding a way out in the gloomy valley，in addition to being tired and hungry，we felt desperate．
After a series of fruitless attempts
◎attempt to do sth．试图或努力做某事
◎make an attempt to do/at doing sth．试图或努力做某事
◎at the first attempt第一次尝试时
◎in an attempt to以求；试图；力图
◎(2024·全国甲卷)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation．
圣卢卡斯每年到达一次是改善这种情况的又一次尝试。
4．worthwhile adj．值得做的；值得花时间的
①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 2)Even though being a camper has its challenges，I feel __ is worthwhile．
②It is well worth _______ (make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection．
it
making
完美写作　一句多译
我认为，这个音乐节的开幕式很值得观看。
①Personally speaking，the opening ceremony of the music festival ______________________．(worth)
②As far as I'm concerned，the opening ceremony of the music festival __________________________________________．(worthy)
③From my point of view，____________________________________
the opening ceremony of the music festival．(worthwhile)
is well worth watching
is very worthy to be watched/of being watched
it is very worthwhile watching/to watch
◎It is worthwhile doing sth．/to do sth．做某事是值得的
◎sth．be worth sth．/doing 某事物值得……
◎sth．be worthy to be done 某事值得做
◎sth．be worthy of sth．/being done 某事值得某事物/做
◎(中国日报)“Passion fruit cultivation requires patient and careful nurturing，but the return is worthwhile，” he said．
他说：“百香果需要耐心和仔细的培育，但回报是值得的。”
5．lead to 导致
①Questioning can lead to _________ (search) for an answer．
②With the old man _______(lead) the way，we finally walked out of the woods and we breathed a sigh of relief．
③In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them __________(practice) speaking English in an interesting way．
searching
leading
to practice
完美写作　完成句子
众所周知，成功源于勤奋，而懒惰导致失败。
As is known to us all，success lies in hard work while ______________
___________．
laziness leads to
failure
◎lead sb．to do...使某人做……
◎lead sb．to...引导某人……
◎lead/live a(n)...life 过着……的生活
◎lead to sb．/one's doing sth．导致某人做某事
◎(2024·全国甲卷)Eating alone，especially in front of the TV or computer，often leads to mindless overeating．
独自吃饭，尤其是在电视或电脑前，通常会导致盲目的暴饮暴食。
6．[教材原句]There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future．(There comes a time when...)
新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
①Behind Zibo's sudden fame ___ (be) the efforts and services of the local government．
②Years ago，there ___(lie) a brook in front of the village，where we used to fish after school．
are
lay
完美写作　应用文写作之环境保护
到了我们必须采取进一步措施阻止许多濒危物种消失的时候了。
_______________________ we must take further measures to prevent many endangered species from disappearing．
There comes a time when
◎“There comes a time when...”是一种语序倒装形式，即here、there等副词置于句首且主语是名词时，要把谓语动词提到主语前。
◎用于该句型的动词有be，come，stand，lie，live，appear等。
◎There comes a time when we should face up to the reality and make changes．
到了我们该正视现实并做出改变的时候了。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．We met a ____________(profession) archaeologist at the ___________
(enter) to the Great Pyramid，who explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure．
2．The discovery of new evidence led to the suspect's ________________
(catch)．
3．Obviously，there is no ___________(compare) in quality between the two digital products．
professional
entrance
being caught
comparison
4．People who appreciate others' efforts are more likely ____________
(regard) as respectable people．
5．No matter when the boy meets with a difficult problem related to study，he will turn __ the Internet．
6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute ___________ (tradition) farms and the surrounding environment．
to be regarded
to
traditional
7．It is of great importance to have a ________(balance) diet and avoid eating _________(process) food．
8．The company，____________(establish) in 2000，______________
(donate) a great deal of money to charities in the past years．
9．(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)We are happy to be taking part __ the project．It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and ________ (create) activities．
balanced
processed
established
has donated
in
creative
10．Before she ended her speech，the scientist suggested that we need to establish a committee of experts __________(preserve) the cultural heritage and prevent it from ____________(harm)．
to preserve
being harmed
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．conduct
A．v．带领　B．n．举止　C．v．实施
(1)The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city． __
(2)For Europeans，the law is a statement of basic principles of civilized conduct． __
(3)The company conducted a customer survey on their satisfaction level． __
A
B
C
2．issue
A．n．(报刊)一期；发行　B．n．问题　C．v．发表，发布
(1) (2024·全国甲卷)That's why this issue of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing． __
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use． __
(3)(2022·全国乙卷)A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative． __
A
B
C
3．(2022·全国甲卷)A year later，much to my delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me． __
A．提议　　　　　 B．计划　　　　　C．求婚
4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct，researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records． __
A．文件　　 B．记录，记载 C．证明
5．It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． __
A．识别　　 B．发现 C．理解
C
B
B
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．俗话说，欲速则不达。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
________________，haste makes waste．
2．The English newspaper Youth not only enriches my campus life but also strengthens my learning ability．
→_______________________________________________________，but also it strengthens my learning ability．(倒装句)
As the saying goes
Not only does the English newspaper Youth enrich my campus life
3．据说，睡眠不足会导致判断力差、缺乏创造力，甚至是抑郁。(It's said that...)
______________ not getting enough sleep leads to poor judgement，lack of creativity，and even depression．
It's said that
主题引领 写作提能
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，主题为“保护文化遗产”。请你围绕此主题写一篇英语短文投稿。内容包括：
1．保护文化遗产的重要性；
2．发出倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Step1　写作微练
①在经济发展的过程中，新旧更替的时代已经到来。(There comes a time when...)
In the process of economic development，________________________
___________________________．
②我们应该在经济发展和文化遗产保护之间保持平衡。(keep a balance between...and...)
We should _________________________________________________
_________________ cultural heritage．
there comes a time when the
old must give way to the new
keep a balance between economic development and the
protection of
③文化遗产不仅是一个国家的财富，也是全世界的宝贵财富，是全球人类智慧的结晶。(not only...but also...)
Cultural heritage is ___________________________________________
________________________ and the crystallization of global human intelligence．
④我们应该不遗余力地保持它的完好。(spare no effort to)
We should _________________________ in good condition．
not only the wealth of a country but also precious treasure of the whole world
spare no effort to preserve it
⑤任何破坏遗产的行为都将会造成巨大的文化损失，应该受到严厉地惩罚。(conduct；动词-ing形式作后置定语)
________________________________ will cause great cultural losses and should be severely punished．
⑥我真诚地建议我们每个人都应该积极地为保护它做出贡献。(make a proposal；contribution)
I sincerely ______________ that each of us individuals should actively ___________________________________．
Any conducts damaging the heritage
make a proposal
make a contribution to its preservation
Step2　句式升级
⑦用倒装句改写句子③。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Not only is cultural heritage the wealth of a country but also precious treasure of the whole world and the crystallization of global human intelligence．
Step3　妙笔成篇
Cultural Heritage Protection
As we all know，in the process of economic development，there comes a time when the old must give way to the new．However，as far as I am concerned，we should keep a balance between economic development and the protection of cultural heritage．
Not only is cultural heritage the wealth of a country but also precious treasure of the whole world and the crystallization of global human intelligence．We should spare no effort to preserve it in good condition．Any conducts damaging the heritage will cause great cultural losses and should be severely punished．
Therefore，I sincerely make a proposal that each of us individuals should actively make a contribution to its preservation．
教材语料 亮词 heritage；relic；mount；roof；cave；preserve；promote；keep balance；make a proposal；protest；turn to；limit；prevent...from...；contribute；investigate；conduct；donate；disappear；attempt；make sure；contrast；identify
美句 1．The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today．
2．Heritage is our legacy from the past，what we live with today，and what we pass on to future generations．
Step 1　语料积累
教材语料 美句 3．Experts investigated the issue，conducted several tests，and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved．
4．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future．
5．As one researcher who is working on the project explains，“Appreciating one's own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself．Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding．”
拓展语料 单词 like prep．像……；as prep．如同；resemble v．与……相似
语块 as precious as a pearl像珍珠一样珍贵；as unique as a fingerprint像指纹一样独一无二；as soft as water柔情似水；as clear as crystal透明如水晶；shine like a diamond像钻石一样闪闪发光；like a cat on hot bricks像热锅上的蚂蚁；like a duck to water像鸭子入水般容易；a couch potato电视迷；懒人；a map of time时间地图
拓展 语料 句型 1．The road ahead was like a ribbon stretching across the desert．
前面的路就像是横在沙漠里的一条缎带。
2．Jenny couldn't resist her inner joy，flying into the door like a bird．
珍妮抑制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。
3．He didn't think he could go any further．His two legs felt like pieces of wood—heavy and stiff．
他觉得他无法向前走了，双腿像木头一样沉重而僵硬。
拓展 语料 句型 4．Like a map of time，the Palace Museum recorded the magnificent history and glorious culture of ancient China．
故宫就像一张时间地图，记录着中国古代辉煌的历史和灿烂的文化。
5．Hope is a flickering candle in the darkness，giving us courage to move forward．
希望是黑暗中一支闪烁的蜡烛，给予我们前进的勇气。
Step2　语料运用
①位于中国北部的它就像一条巨龙，是世界奇观之一。(be like)
Located in the north of China ________________，it is one of the wonders of the world．
like a giant dragon
②它是中国古代劳动者血汗的结晶，是中华文化的象征，是中华民族的骄傲，体现了古人的巧夺天工。(symbol)
It is the crystallization of blood and sweat of ancient Chinese labors，_________________________________________________________，reflecting the supernatural workmanship of ancient people．
the symbol of Chinese culture and the pride of Chinese nation
③但随着越来越多的人参观它，这一像珍珠一样珍贵的世界文化遗产地已经遭到一定程度的损坏。(定语从句)
But with more and more people visiting it，this world cultural heritage site _________________________________________________________．
which/that is as precious as a pearl has been damaged to a certain extent
④幸运的是，为了保护这一文化瑰宝，政府已经采取了一系列措施。(attempt，preserve)
Fortunately，__________________________________________，the government has taken a range of measures．
⑤但作为负责任的公民，我强烈建议我们也应该做出贡献。(propose，contribution)
But as a responsible citizen，I strongly ___________________________
_________________．
in an attempt to preserve this cultural treasure
propose that we also make
our contributions
课时数智作业(七)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2025·浙江省名校协作体联合考试)
Food festivals are a common occurrence in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times．Whatever your taste，there's a food festival to match—no matter how specialised．
Meatopia
This three-day，London-based festival takes place at the end of August and is a meat lover's paradise．In addition to a range of legally sourced meat products，from juicy burgers to tender steaks，attendees can listen to live music，watch butchery demonstrations，and attend informal meat-based workshops．
The National Honey Show
If you have a sweet tooth，then it could be that the National Honey Show，which started in 1921 and is the largest event of its kind，is the place for you to be．This three-day event attracts many local entries who showcase their sweet golden honey，some of which is sold globally．
The Orange Sauce Festival
Have you heard about a festival that is devoted only to orange sauce Held in Cumbria，this sweet，fragrant festival has been running for 3 years．What attracts people most is a competition to find the best homemade orange sauce．There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe，bringing their local snacks to share here．
The Ginger(姜) and Spice Festival
If you'd prefer something with a little more kick to it，then you could attend The Ginger and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton．Unlike other food festivals，it celebrates its town's historic connection to Robert Clive，who returned from India with ginger．Because of this，they not only specialise in baking gingerbread，but also sell a range of traditional spices from mild to hot．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个各具特色的美食节的相关信息。
1．What do Meatopia and The National Honey Show have in common？
(　　)
A．They are of the same duration．
B．Both of them hold workshops．
C．Both of them originated from London．
D．Both of them have a long history．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“This three-day，London-based festival”及第三段最后一句中的“This three-day event”可知，Meatopia 和The National Honey Show的共同之处在于它们持续的时间相同。故选A。]
2．If you are interested in foreign food，which festival do you like best？(　　)
A．Meatopia．
B．The Ginger and Spice Festival．
C．The National Honey Show．
D．The Orange Sauce Festival．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe，bringing their local snacks to share here．”可知，如果你对外国食物感兴趣，你会最喜欢The Orange Sauce Festival这个美食节。故选D。]
3．What is special about the Ginger and Spice Festival？(　　)
A．It has something to do with a historical figure．
B．The ginger used in the festival is from India．
C．It sells golden honey．
D．The food is cooked by Robert Clive．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Unlike other food festivals，it celebrates its town's historic connection to Robert Clive，who returned from India with ginger．”可知，The Ginger and Spice Festival这个节日的特别之处在于它与一位历史人物有关。故选A。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·江苏泰州模拟)
When Mark Twain visited Florence (佛罗伦萨) in 1867，he dutifully visited the city's museums，churches，and tombs．But as he stood by the Arno，he began to sense the Italians' insistence that it was a river，not a stream．“They all call it a river，and they honestly think it is a river，do these dark and bloody Florentines，” he complained．“I might enter Florence under happier circumstances a month hence and find it all beautiful，all attractive．But I do not care to think of it now，at all．”
It's normal to feel uncomfortable outside your home culture．Feelings of discomfort，dislocation，and overload among travellers are referred to by many as “culture shock”．But Susan Goldstein，a professor at the University of Redlands says，“Though the term has existed for many years，‘culture shock’ implies a dramatic，unexpected，negative event．Though many travellers will experience such challenges，a real sense of ‘shock’ is untypical．So untypical that many researchers no longer use the term．”
It was the vivid description of culture shock by Canadian researcher Oberg，written in 1960 in response to his own multicultural experiences，that won over audiences．The researcher spoke of the adjustment process as “an occupational disease of people who have suddenly been transplanted abroad” — a “disease” that progressed from a honeymoon phase，through rejecting the new environment，to finally adjusting fully to it．By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that，like physical illnesses，culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages．
Modern research，however，suggests that the experiences of adaptation are individual，not universal．“People will have their ups and downs，but for the most part，they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time，” Goldstein says．And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself，an individual's internal expectations and differences are just as important．
As for Mark Twain，the moody author was able to ride out his feelings of upset and dislocation while travelling．He eventually finished out his European tour — and in his bestselling travel memoir The Innocents Abroad，famously remarked that travel is “fatal to prejudice and narrow-mindedness”．With the right attitude — and the willingness to seek help if you need it — it's more than likely that you，too，can adapt and grow in new settings，building new memories and toughness — with each new stamp in your passport．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨“文化冲击”的概念、人们对异国他乡适应过程的理解以及通过旅行获得成长和新的体验的可能性。
4．How did Mark Twain feel about Italians' insistence？(　　)
A．Annoyed．　　　 B．Calm．
C．Uninterested． D．Curious．
√
A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘They all call it a river，and they honestly think it is a river，do these dark and bloody Florentines，’ he complained”可知，Mark Twain对意大利人的坚持是生气的，故选A。]
5．What can be inferred about culture shock？(　　)
A．It would lead to physical diseases．
B．It was regarded as an avoidable thing．
C．It was named for people's adjustment．
D．It had gained wide acceptance by the 1970s．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that，like physical illnesses，culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages．”可知，到20世纪70年代，文化冲击得到了广泛的接受。故选D。]
6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about？(　　)
A．Suggestions about culture shock．
B．A change in understanding culture shock．
C．Stress of the importance of culture shock．
D．A criticism of previous ideas of culture shock．
√
B　[段落大意题。根据第四段中“People will have their ups and downs，but for the most part，they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time”和“And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself，an individual's internal expectations and differences are just as important．”可知，第四段的主要内容是对文化冲击理解的改变。故选B。]
7．Why is Mark Twain mentioned in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．To remember him．
B．To inform and anticipate．
C．To conclude and encourage．
D．To make the ending humorous．
√
C　[推理判断题。最后一段提道：有了正确的态度——以及在需要时寻求帮助的意愿——你也很有可能在新的环境中适应和成长，在你护照上的每一个新印记上建立新的记忆和韧性。由此可知，最后一段提到Mark Twain的目的是总结全文，鼓励读者采取正确的态度。故选C。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·浙江强基联盟模拟)
There are functioning steam railways in other countries：tourists in France can go for a ride in Brittany；so can visitors travelling to the Dandenong Ranges in Australia．But no other country has a heritage railway sector anywhere near as energetic as the UK's，where more than 170 services cross around 600 miles of track and call at 460 stations．
Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales，in 1951，a fictional Welsh steam engine became the main character in the children's television serial Ivor the Engine．On lines originally built for slate quarries (石板采石场)，north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways，but they exist in all four nations of the UK，typically operating seasonal timetables in tourist areas．These railways are living museums with stations decorated in period style．Some staff wear costumes too．
Up to 95% of the 18.5m journeys on heritage railways each year are taken by domestic tourists．They owe their popularity to a combination of nostalgia (怀旧)，enjoyment of the countryside and enthusiasm for the old engines．
Railways are expensive to run，and the first steam preservation enthusiasts recognised that they would need volunteers to make their dream of a revival come true．This reliance on volunteers is partly due to cuts in budgets from local authorities and other funders．But heritage railways are a good example of what can be achieved by a combined paid and voluntary workforce．As well as the economic contribution that the railways make to rural areas，there is evidence that volunteering can have beneficial effects on people as well．
The railways will need to respond，like the rest of society，to environmental policies．The destructive impact of greenhouse gases is an obvious challenge to a sector that trades on an image of coal-powered transport．Electric railway engines are being used for maintenance to bring emissions down，and some railways are active in wildlife conservation．There will need to be further adaptation down the line．That the railways don't stand still has always been part of their appeal especially on rainy days in the summer holidays．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了其他国家也有运营的蒸汽铁路，但英国的遗产铁路业最为活跃。这些铁路不仅是旅游热点，还承载着怀旧情感和对老式机车的热爱。
8．How are the UK's steam railways different from other countries'？
(　　)
A．They are active across the countries．
B．They serve as tourist attractions．
C．They are mainly powered by steam．
D．They use small amounts of energy．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句可知，英国的蒸汽铁路在全国都很活跃。故选A。]
9．Why does the author mention Ivor the Engine？(　　)
A．To spread knowledge of the classic serial．
B．To introduce the origin of steam engines．
C．To show the popularity of steam railways．
D．To share a childhood memory of travelling．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales...On lines originally built for slate quarries，north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways”可推知，作者提到Ivor the Engine是为了展示蒸汽铁路的受欢迎程度。故选C。]
10．What can we infer from paragraph 4？(　　)
A．Volunteers help to keep heritage railways alive．
B．Economic growth depends on individual efforts．
C．People can't afford to travel by heritage railway．
D．Local officials don't use old means of transport．
√
A　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段的第一、二句可推知，志愿者帮助保持遗产铁路的活力。故选A。]
11．What is the author's attitude towards heritage railways？(　　)
A．Indifferent．　　　 B．Doubtful．
C．Appreciative． D．Negative．
√
C　[观点态度题。根据文章第二段的倒数第二句和文章最后一段的第三、四句可推知，作者对遗产铁路持赞赏的态度。故选C。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·辽宁教研教改联合体调研)
In American culture，I am noticing a lack of respect，especially among children．This should be treated 1 since disrespectful children will become disrespectful teenagers，and then disrespectful adults．American culture is 2 the ways of teaching respect，while other cultures have methods that Americans could learn from．
In 1995，I spent a couple of months in Kenya where I lived with a pastor's family．This pastor was a part of the Maasai tribes that have some unique customs．One of them is the 3 that the children give the adults．When an adult approaches Maasai children，the children will
4 and tilt their head slightly saying “Suppa”．The adult responses by saying “Ippa” touching the top of their heads．This simple act shows respect for the adult．The children 5 that they are their elder and that the adult deserves respect．
In my early 20's，I worked at a children's home in South Carolina where the children from 4 to 19 years old were taught to respect their elders．They 6 me as “Mr．Vince” and every adult worker there with a “Mr.，Mrs.，or Ms.”．However，as I counsel and talk to teachers and other professionals who work with children now，there seems to be a 7 in such friendly behaviour that children give adults．Fewer students treat teachers with respect：Children frequently talk back to their teachers，parents or seniors，interrupt conversations，and disregard their 8 ．Children casually speak with other adults like waiters，store clerks，postmen，cashiers，etc．in the way as if they are children's 9 ．
Immanuel Kant expressed two 10 attitudes in Europe that are still dominant today．One is that only humans are persons because they have autonomy—they freely choose to act on principles by 11 laws on themselves，and not on desires．It is this mind based on 12 that gives humans special status．Second，to learn to follow principles instead of desires，a human child needs to learn 13 to the laws of adults．They must practise 14 regulation before they are able to practise autonomy．Kant said that “act in the way you want others to act in the situation，taking other people as persons，not 15 you use for your own goals”．Only in this way can you become a real person with intrinsic values．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的个人经历阐述了，在美国文化中儿童越来越不尊重成年人这一现象，而其他文化中“儿童尊重成年人”是美国人可以学习的方式。
D　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：这应该引起警惕，因为无礼的孩子会变成无礼的青少年，然后变成无礼的成年人。由上文可知，这一现象应该引起警惕。故选D项。]
(　　)1．A．passionately　 B．steadily
C．publicly D．alarmingly
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式，而其他文化有美国人可以学习的方式。由上文可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，说明美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式。故选D项。]
(　　)2．A．challenging B．faking
C．piloting D．abandoning
√
B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一个习俗是孩子们对成年人的问候。由下文的“When an adult approaches Maasai children，the children will ________ and tilt their head slightly saying ‘Suppa’．”可知，这是孩子们问候成年人的方式。故选B项。]
(　　)3．A．assistance B．greeting
C．blessing D．guarantee
√
A　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一个成年人向马赛族的孩子们走近时，孩子们会走上前，微微前倾着头说“Suppa”。由下文的“The adult responses by saying ‘Ippa’ touching the top of their heads．”可知，成年人触摸孩子们的头顶，说明孩子们走到了成年人的面前。故选A项。]
(　　)4．A．come forward B．drop by
C．show off D．fall down
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。由上文可知，孩子们走上前说“Suppa”的行为表明了孩子们对成年人表示尊敬，承认成年人是他们的长辈。故选D项。]
(　　)5．A．pretend B．suspect
C．determine D．acknowledge
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。据文意可知，“Mr．，Mrs．，or Ms．”是敬称，称呼成年人“(某某)先生、太太或女士”。故选C项。]
(　　)6．A．located B．ranked
C．addressed D．defied
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。由上文可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，由下文可知，他们不尊重老师，经常与老师、父母或其他长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，这些表现都说明以前尊重成年人的友好行为在减少。故选C项。]
(　　)7．A．delight B．delay
C．decline D．distress
√
D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：尊重老师的学生越来越少：孩子们经常与老师、父母或其他长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，无视他们的权威。故选D项。]
(　　)8．A．gesture B．secret
C．behaviour D．authority
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。由上文可知，儿童随意地与其他成年人交谈，说明他们不尊重成年人，把成年人当成同辈人了。故选A项。]
(　　)9．A．peers B．enemies
C．guards D．owners
√
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伊曼纽尔·康德表达了两种公认在欧洲仍占主导地位的态度。根据“dominant”可知，这些态度是欧洲人公认的态度。故选B项。]
(　　)10．A．controversial B．accepted
C．foreign D．equivalent
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“laws on themselves，and not on desires”可知，法律是外部世界强加给人的，而不是人原本就拥有的。故选B项。]
(　　)11．A．twisting B．imposing
C．banning D．sparing
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种基于理性的思维赋予了人类特殊的地位。由上文可知，人们拥有自主权，通过将法律强加给自己，而不是通过欲望，人们自由选择按照原则行事，这是理性的逻辑思维。故选A项。]
(　　)12．A．reason B．solutions
C．harmony D．consciousness
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。上文的“follow (遵循)”指人类儿童需要学会obedience to (遵循；服从) 原则，即服从成人的法律。故选C项。]
(　　)13．A．similarity B．response
C．obedience D．approach
√
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们必须实行外部监管，才能实行自治。由上下文可知，在人类儿童实现个体自治前，需要学会服从成人的法律，由成年人对其实施外部监管。故选B项。]
(　　)14．A．environmental B．external
C．voluntary D．flexible
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：康德说：“在这种情况下，按照你希望别人做事的方式行事，把别人当作人，而不是把别人当作你为自己的目标使用的工具。”故选C项。]
(　　)15．A．luxuries B．glories
C．instruments D．models
√
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·浙江杭州一模)
假定你是某国际学校学生李华，你的爱尔兰笔友Kelly对你提到的学校“多元文化日(Multicultural Day)”活动很感兴趣。请回信告知他关于该活动的相关信息。内容包括：
1．活动时间；
2．活动目的和内容。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Kelly，
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Kelly，
Knowing that you are interested in Multicultural Day of our school，I am writing to introduce it to you．It is designed to increase the students' understanding of different cultures all over the world．We celebrate it on July 1st every year，when we organise a variety of activities such as dance performances，exhibitions and fashion shows．It is through these activities that we can have a deeper understanding of different cultures around the world．For example，during the dance performance，we can enjoy dances performed by students from different countries．
Yours，
Li Hua
谢 谢！课时数智作业(七)
必修第二册　UNIT 1　CULTURAL HERITAGE
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2025·浙江省名校协作体联合考试)
Food festivals are a common occurrence in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times．Whatever your taste，there's a food festival to match—no matter how specialised．
Meatopia
This three day，London based festival takes place at the end of August and is a meat lover's paradise．In addition to a range of legally sourced meat products，from juicy burgers to tender steaks，attendees can listen to live music，watch butchery demonstrations，and attend informal meat based workshops．
The National Honey Show
If you have a sweet tooth，then it could be that the National Honey Show，which started in 1921 and is the largest event of its kind，is the place for you to be．This three day event attracts many local entries who showcase their sweet golden honey，some of which is sold globally．
The Orange Sauce Festival
Have you heard about a festival that is devoted only to orange sauce Held in Cumbria，this sweet，fragrant festival has been running for 3 years．What attracts people most is a competition to find the best homemade orange sauce．There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe，bringing their local snacks to share here．
The Ginger(姜) and Spice Festival
If you'd prefer something with a little more kick to it，then you could attend The Ginger and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton．Unlike other food festivals，it celebrates its town's historic connection to Robert Clive，who returned from India with ginger．Because of this，they not only specialise in baking gingerbread，but also sell a range of traditional spices from mild to hot．
1．What do Meatopia and The National Honey Show have in common？(　　)
A．They are of the same duration．
B．Both of them hold workshops．
C．Both of them originated from London．
D．Both of them have a long history．
2．If you are interested in foreign food，which festival do you like best？(　　)
A．Meatopia．
B．The Ginger and Spice Festival．
C．The National Honey Show．
D．The Orange Sauce Festival．
3．What is special about the Ginger and Spice Festival？(　　)
A．It has something to do with a historical figure．
B．The ginger used in the festival is from India．
C．It sells golden honey．
D．The food is cooked by Robert Clive．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·江苏泰州模拟)
When Mark Twain visited Florence (佛罗伦萨) in 1867，he dutifully visited the city's museums，churches，and tombs．But as he stood by the Arno，he began to sense the Italians' insistence that it was a river，not a stream．“They all call it a river，and they honestly think it is a river，do these dark and bloody Florentines，”he complained．“I might enter Florence under happier circumstances a month hence and find it all beautiful，all attractive．But I do not care to think of it now，at all．”
It's normal to feel uncomfortable outside your home culture．Feelings of discomfort，dislocation，and overload among travellers are referred to by many as “culture shock”．But Susan Goldstein，a professor at the University of Redlands says，“Though the term has existed for many years，‘culture shock’ implies a dramatic，unexpected，negative event．Though many travellers will experience such challenges，a real sense of ‘shock’ is untypical．So untypical that many researchers no longer use the term．”
It was the vivid description of culture shock by Canadian researcher Oberg，written in 1960 in response to his own multicultural experiences，that won over audiences．The researcher spoke of the adjustment process as “an occupational disease of people who have suddenly been transplanted abroad”— a “disease”that progressed from a honeymoon phase，through rejecting the new environment，to finally adjusting fully to it．By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that，like physical illnesses，culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages．
Modern research，however，suggests that the experiences of adaptation are individual，not universal．“People will have their ups and downs，but for the most part，they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time，”Goldstein says．And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself，an individual's internal expectations and differences are just as important．
As for Mark Twain，the moody author was able to ride out his feelings of upset and dislocation while travelling．He eventually finished out his European tour — and in his bestselling travel memoir The Innocents Abroad，famously remarked that travel is “fatal to prejudice and narrow mindedness”．With the right attitude — and the willingness to seek help if you need it — it's more than likely that you，too，can adapt and grow in new settings，building new memories and toughness — with each new stamp in your passport．
4．How did Mark Twain feel about Italians' insistence？(　　)
A．Annoyed．　 B．Calm．
C．Uninterested． D．Curious．
5．What can be inferred about culture shock？(　　)
A．It would lead to physical diseases．
B．It was regarded as an avoidable thing．
C．It was named for people's adjustment．
D．It had gained wide acceptance by the 1970s．
6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about？(　　)
A．Suggestions about culture shock．
B．A change in understanding culture shock．
C．Stress of the importance of culture shock．
D．A criticism of previous ideas of culture shock．
7．Why is Mark Twain mentioned in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．To remember him．
B．To inform and anticipate．
C．To conclude and encourage．
D．To make the ending humorous．
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·浙江强基联盟模拟)
There are functioning steam railways in other countries: tourists in France can go for a ride in Brittany; so can visitors travelling to the Dandenong Ranges in Australia．But no other country has a heritage railway sector anywhere near as energetic as the UK's，where more than 170 services cross around 600 miles of track and call at 460 stations．
Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales，in 1951，a fictional Welsh steam engine became the main character in the children's television serial Ivor the Engine．On lines originally built for slate quarries (石板采石场)，north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways，but they exist in all four nations of the UK，typically operating seasonal timetables in tourist areas．These railways are living museums with stations decorated in period style．Some staff wear costumes too．
Up to 95% of the 18.5m journeys on heritage railways each year are taken by domestic tourists．They owe their popularity to a combination of nostalgia (怀旧)，enjoyment of the countryside and enthusiasm for the old engines．
Railways are expensive to run，and the first steam preservation enthusiasts recognised that they would need volunteers to make their dream of a revival come true．This reliance on volunteers is partly due to cuts in budgets from local authorities and other funders．But heritage railways are a good example of what can be achieved by a combined paid and voluntary workforce．As well as the economic contribution that the railways make to rural areas，there is evidence that volunteering can have beneficial effects on people as well．
The railways will need to respond，like the rest of society，to environmental policies．The destructive impact of greenhouse gases is an obvious challenge to a sector that trades on an image of coal powered transport．Electric railway engines are being used for maintenance to bring emissions down，and some railways are active in wildlife conservation．There will need to be further adaptation down the line．That the railways don't stand still has always been part of their appeal especially on rainy days in the summer holidays．
8．How are the UK's steam railways different from other countries'？(　　)
A．They are active across the countries．
B．They serve as tourist attractions．
C．They are mainly powered by steam．
D．They use small amounts of energy．
9．Why does the author mention Ivor the Engine？(　　)
A．To spread knowledge of the classic serial．
B．To introduce the origin of steam engines．
C．To show the popularity of steam railways．
D．To share a childhood memory of travelling．
10．What can we infer from paragraph 4？(　　)
A．Volunteers help to keep heritage railways alive．
B．Economic growth depends on individual efforts．
C．People can't afford to travel by heritage railway．
D．Local officials don't use old means of transport．
11．What is the author's attitude towards heritage railways？(　　)
A．Indifferent．　 B．Doubtful．
C．Appreciative． D．Negative．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·辽宁教研教改联合体调研)
In American culture，I am noticing a lack of respect，especially among children．This should be treated 1 since disrespectful children will become disrespectful teenagers，and then disrespectful adults．American culture is 2 the ways of teaching respect，while other cultures have methods that Americans could learn from．
In 1995，I spent a couple of months in Kenya where I lived with a pastor's family．This pastor was a part of the Maasai tribes that have some unique customs．One of them is the 3 that the children give the adults．When an adult approaches Maasai children，the children will 4 and tilt their head slightly saying “Suppa”．The adult responses by saying “Ippa”touching the top of their heads．This simple act shows respect for the adult．The children 5 that they are their elder and that the adult deserves respect．
In my early 20's，I worked at a children's home in South Carolina where the children from 4 to 19 years old were taught to respect their elders．They 6 me as “Mr．Vince”and every adult worker there with a “Mr．，Mrs．，or Ms．”．However，as I counsel and talk to teachers and other professionals who work with children now，there seems to be a 7 in such friendly behaviour that children give adults．Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers，parents or seniors，interrupt conversations，and disregard their 8 ．Children casually speak with other adults like waiters，store clerks，postmen，cashiers，etc．in the way as if they are children's 9 ．
Immanuel Kant expressed two 10 attitudes in Europe that are still dominant today．One is that only humans are persons because they have autonomy—they freely choose to act on principles by 11 laws on themselves，and not on desires．It is this mind based on 12 that gives humans special status．Second，to learn to follow principles instead of desires，a human child needs to learn 13 to the laws of adults．They must practise 14 regulation before they are able to practise autonomy．Kant said that “act in the way you want others to act in the situation，taking other people as persons，not 15 you use for your own goals”．Only in this way can you become a real person with intrinsic values．
(　　)1．A．passionately　 B．steadily
C．publicly D．alarmingly
(　　)2．A．challenging B．faking
C．piloting D．abandoning
(　　)3．A．assistance B．greeting
C．blessing D．guarantee
(　　)4．A．come forward B．drop by
C．show off D．fall down
(　　)5．A．pretend B．suspect
C．determine D．acknowledge
(　　)6．A．located B．ranked
C．addressed D．defied
(　　)7．A．delight B．delay
C．decline D．distress
(　　)8．A．gesture B．secret
C．behaviour D．authority
(　　)9．A．peers B．enemies
C．guards D．owners
(　　)10．A．controversial B．accepted
C．foreign D．equivalent
(　　)11．A．twisting B．imposing
C．banning D．sparing
(　　)12．A．reason B．solutions
C．harmony D．consciousness
(　　)13．A．similarity B．response
C．obedience D．approach
(　　)14．A．environmental B．external
C．voluntary D．flexible
(　　)15．A．luxuries B．glories
C．instruments D．models
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·浙江杭州一模)
假定你是某国际学校学生李华，你的爱尔兰笔友Kelly对你提到的学校“多元文化日(Multicultural Day)”活动很感兴趣。请回信告知他关于该活动的相关信息。内容包括：
1．活动时间；
2．活动目的和内容。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Kelly，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
课时数智作业(七)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个各具特色的美食节的相关信息。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“This threeday，Londonbased festival”及第三段最后一句中的“This threeday event”可知，Meatopia 和The National Honey Show的共同之处在于它们持续的时间相同。故选A。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe，bringing their local snacks to share here．”可知，如果你对外国食物感兴趣，你会最喜欢The Orange Sauce Festival这个美食节。故选D。]
3．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Unlike other food festivals，it celebrates its town's historic connection to Robert Clive，who returned from India with ginger．”可知，The Ginger and Spice Festival这个节日的特别之处在于它与一位历史人物有关。故选A。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨“文化冲击”的概念、人们对异国他乡适应过程的理解以及通过旅行获得成长和新的体验的可能性。
4．A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘They all call it a river，and they honestly think it is a river，do these dark and bloody Florentines，’ he complained”可知，Mark Twain对意大利人的坚持是生气的，故选A。]
5．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that，like physical illnesses，culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages．”可知，到20世纪70年代，文化冲击得到了广泛的接受。故选D。]
6．B　[段落大意题。根据第四段中“People will have their ups and downs，but for the most part，they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time”和“And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself，an individual's internal expectations and differences are just as important．”可知，第四段的主要内容是对文化冲击理解的改变。故选B。]
7．C　[推理判断题。最后一段提道：有了正确的态度——以及在需要时寻求帮助的意愿——你也很有可能在新的环境中适应和成长，在你护照上的每一个新印记上建立新的记忆和韧性。由此可知，最后一段提到Mark Twain的目的是总结全文，鼓励读者采取正确的态度。故选C。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了其他国家也有运营的蒸汽铁路，但英国的遗产铁路业最为活跃。这些铁路不仅是旅游热点，还承载着怀旧情感和对老式机车的热爱。
8．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句可知，英国的蒸汽铁路在全国都很活跃。故选A。]
9．C　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“Just a few years after the first of these railways opened at Talyllyn in north Wales...On lines originally built for slate quarries，north Wales still has the biggest group of steam railways”可推知，作者提到Ivor the Engine是为了展示蒸汽铁路的受欢迎程度。故选C。]
10．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段的第一、二句可推知，志愿者帮助保持遗产铁路的活力。故选A。]
11．C　[观点态度题。根据文章第二段的倒数第二句和文章最后一段的第三、四句可推知，作者对遗产铁路持赞赏的态度。故选C。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的个人经历阐述了，在美国文化中儿童越来越不尊重成年人这一现象，而其他文化中“儿童尊重成年人”是美国人可以学习的方式。
1．D　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：这应该引起警惕，因为无礼的孩子会变成无礼的青少年，然后变成无礼的成年人。由上文可知，这一现象应该引起警惕。故选D项。]
2．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式，而其他文化有美国人可以学习的方式。由上文可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，说明美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式。故选D项。]
3．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一个习俗是孩子们对成年人的问候。由下文的“When an adult approaches Maasai children，the children will and tilt their head slightly saying ‘Suppa’．”可知，这是孩子们问候成年人的方式。故选B项。]
4．A　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一个成年人向马赛族的孩子们走近时，孩子们会走上前，微微前倾着头说“Suppa”。由下文的“The adult responses by saying ‘Ippa’ touching the top of their heads．”可知，成年人触摸孩子们的头顶，说明孩子们走到了成年人的面前。故选A项。]
5．D　[考查动词词义辨析。由上文可知，孩子们走上前说“Suppa”的行为表明了孩子们对成年人表示尊敬，承认成年人是他们的长辈。故选D项。]
6．C　[考查动词词义辨析。据文意可知，“Mr．，Mrs．，or Ms．”是敬称，称呼成年人“(某某)先生、太太或女士”。故选C项。]
7．C　[考查名词词义辨析。由上文可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，由下文可知，他们不尊重老师，经常与老师、父母或其他长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，这些表现都说明以前尊重成年人的友好行为在减少。故选C项。]
8．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：尊重老师的学生越来越少：孩子们经常与老师、父母或其他长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，无视他们的权威。故选D项。]
9．A　[考查名词词义辨析。由上文可知，儿童随意地与其他成年人交谈，说明他们不尊重成年人，把成年人当成同辈人了。故选A项。]
10．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伊曼纽尔·康德表达了两种公认在欧洲仍占主导地位的态度。根据“dominant”可知，这些态度是欧洲人公认的态度。故选B项。]
11．B　[考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“laws on themselves，and not on desires”可知，法律是外部世界强加给人的，而不是人原本就拥有的。故选B项。]
12．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种基于理性的思维赋予了人类特殊的地位。由上文可知，人们拥有自主权，通过将法律强加给自己，而不是通过欲望，人们自由选择按照原则行事，这是理性的逻辑思维。故选A项。]
13．C　[考查名词词义辨析。上文的“follow (遵循)”指人类儿童需要学会obedience to (遵循；服从) 原则，即服从成人的法律。故选C项。]
14．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们必须实行外部监管，才能实行自治。由上下文可知，在人类儿童实现个体自治前，需要学会服从成人的法律，由成年人对其实施外部监管。故选B项。]
15．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：康德说：“在这种情况下，按照你希望别人做事的方式行事，把别人当作人，而不是把别人当作你为自己的目标使用的工具。”故选C项。]
Ⅲ．【参考范文】
Dear Kelly，
Knowing that you are interested in Multicultural Day of our school，I am writing to introduce it to you．It is designed to increase the students' understanding of different cultures all over the world．We celebrate it on July 1st every year，when we organise a variety of activities such as dance performances，exhibitions and fashion shows．It is through these activities that we can have a deeper understanding of different cultures around the world．For example，during the dance performance，we can enjoy dances performed by students from different countries．
Yours，
Li Hua
8 / 8

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