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核心 词汇 1．____________ vt．缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺　　　　　2．____________ vt．& n．发射；发起；上市 3．____________ adj．巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 4．____________ n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi．& vt．跳过；跃过 5．____________ vt．& vi．标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志 6．____________ vt．回收利用；再利用 7．____________ vi．浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt．使浮动；使漂流 8．____________ adv．否则；要不然 9．____________ prep．在更远处；超出 10．____________ adj．当前的；现在的n．水流；电流；思潮；洋流；气流 11．____________ adj．足够的；充足的 12．____________ adj．热衷的；渴望的 13．____________ n．监视器；监测仪；班长 vt．监视；监测；监控 14．____________ adj．定期的；经常的；正常的
阅读 词汇 1．____________ n．程序；步骤；手续　　　　　　　2．____________ n．重力；引力 3．____________ n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt．& vi．沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 4．____________ vt．& vi．传输；发送 5．____________ adj．肤浅的；浅的 6．spacecraft n．____________ 7．solar adj．____________ 8．fatal adj．____________ 9．high-end adj．____________
拓展 词汇 1．intelligent adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→____________ n．智力；才智；智慧 2．determine vt．查明；确定；决定→____________ adj．有决心的；意志坚定的→____________ n．决心；决定 3．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt．渴望；期望→____________ adj．可取的；值得做的 4．independent adj．独立的；自立的→____________ adv．自立地；独立地→____________ n．独立 5．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→____________ vt．分析 6．limit n．限制；极限；界限 vt．限制→____________ adj．有限的→____________ adj．无限制的 7．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→____________ adj．神秘的
高频 短语 1．________________ 继续做，坚持干　　　　　　　　　2．________________ 用完；耗尽 3．________________ 导致；造成 4．________________ 为了；以便 5．in the hope of doing sth．________________ 6．as a result ________________ 7．in closing ________________ 8．on board ________________
句型 公式 1．Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．(不定式短语作后置定语) 后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 2．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise．(状语从句的省略) 宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西都固定下来，否则这些东西就会飘走。
句型 公式 3．Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger． (动词-ing形式短语作主语) 首先，探索太空已经在对抗世界性饥饿的斗争中产生了影响。 4．While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around．(so as to do作目的状语) 睡觉时，他们必须将自己绑在某个东西上，以防四处飘浮。
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe．They launch rockets 1．____________(carry) satellites．Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote 2．____________ (they) to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3．____________ (disappoint)．Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later．4．____________ lack of gravity，their muscles become weak．They have to tape everything up，5．____________ they would float around．They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen．However，people's desire 6．____________(explore) space never dies．China is the third country to send humans into space independently．This signals one giant leap for China．Some people argue that we should stop 7．____________(waste) time and money on space exploration，8．____________ is a shallow view．Our planet's resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the 9．____________ (increase) population．In closing，we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration 10．____________(regular)．
1．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt．渴望；期望
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)Research also suggests that our desire ____________(seek) risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions，as well as a desire ____________ high-quality products．
　应用文写作之邀请信
如果你很渴望用英语与外国人流利地交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语角。
If you have a strong desire ________________________________________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Corner right away．
◎have a desire for.../to do...渴望……/渴望做……
◎desire to do sth．渴望做某事
desire sb． to do sth．想要某人做某事
◎desirable adj．可取的；值得做的
◎It is desirable that...(should) do sth．做某事是可取的
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university, and by a desire to be part of a cultural community．
朋友们因对艺术和大学的共同热爱，以及成为文化社区一员的愿望而团结在一起。
2．argue vt．& vi．论证；争辩；争论
①(北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 7)You and your parents are having an ____________ (argue) about you staying out late on Friday night．
②(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 3)Indeed, it could ____________ (argue) that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work．
　应用文写作之观点表达
65%的学生赞成听英文歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英文经典来提高他们的英语水平。
65% of the students argue for enjoying English songs ________________________ they can have their English level improved by reading English classics．
◎argue sb． into/out of doing sth．说服某人做/不做某事
argue for/against (doing) sth．
赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that...主张……；认为……
◎argument n．争论；争吵；论点
◎(2024·北京卷)The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable．
18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终是由那些不可知的事物本身组成的。
3．lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt．没有；缺乏
由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应对这可怕的情况。
①____________________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(分词短语作状语)
②____________________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(lack n．)
③____________________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(lacking adj．)
　应用文写作之健康生活
健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely connected with ________________________________．
◎(a/the) lack of... 缺乏……
for/through lack of... 因缺乏……
◎lacking adj．缺少的，不足的
◎Extreme heat for prolonged periods, coupled with lack of rain, dries out the dams and reduces water availability, she said．
她说，长时间的极端高温，再加上没有雨水，使大坝干涸，减少了水的可用性。
4．signal vt．& vi．标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
①A police car drew abreast(并排) of us and signaled us ____________(stop)．
②The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, ____________ (signal) the end of the Spring Festival celebrations．
　读后续写之动作描写
当我站在一个小摊旁叹息没钱时，小贩注意到我的困境，亲切地微笑着向我打招呼，并示意我坐下。
When I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money，the seller noticed my dilemma，greeted me with a kind smile and ____________________________．
◎signal at/to sb．向某人发信号
give/send a signal 发出信号
traffic signals交通信号灯
◎The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building．
警报器一响，就是要所有人离开大楼。
◎The dove is widely regarded as a signal of peace around the world．
鸽子在全世界被广泛视为和平的象征。
5．result in导致；造成
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)There have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time． Some of these resulted ____________ advances in technology．
②(北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)Reduced rainfall in Canada resulted ____________ a huge forest fire in May 2016．
③Kids will feel that parents don't care and，as ___________ result，may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments．
　应用文写作之活动意义
这次活动不仅会提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。
Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture but also ______________________________________________________．
◎result from由……导致；因……而产生
◎as a result所以；结果(是)
as a result of由于……
◎(中国日报)Expanded educational exchange programs may result from increased regional integration, giving me the opportunity to study abroad and acquire a variety of viewpoints．
扩大的教育交流项目可能是加强地区一体化的结果，给了我出国学习和获得各种不同观点的机会。
6．run out用完；耗尽
①Tom started to run ____________ Jerry at the sight of him, so Jerry had to run ____________． Jerry was so nervous that he ran ____________ a tree accidentally after a few minutes' chase． Finally，their strength ran ____________．
②I had run out ____________ all my patience and I began to explode with anger．
　读后续写之人物描写
大卫的体力快耗尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，便满身大汗、拖着沉重的步伐朝着终点线艰难前行。
David's energy ________________________ but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding his way towards the finishing line，bathed in sweat．
◎run out of 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
◎use up用尽；吃光(及物动词短语，人作主语)
◎run across偶然遇到
◎run after追逐；追求
◎run into 撞上；途中遭遇(恶劣天气)；碰上(麻烦等)
◎run away (from...)逃离；避开
◎(中国日报)In January last year, a truck driver ran out of fuel on the road where there was no mobile phone signal or network．
去年1月，一名卡车司机在没有手机信号或网络的路上耗尽了燃料。
7．[教材原句]Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．(不定式短语作后置定语)
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
① John was the first person ____________ (think) of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money．He was convinced that he had the ability ____________ (help) Bernard out of the difficulty．
②Personally speaking，I think I am the best person ____________ (take) up the job．
③(人教版必修第二册Unit 3)She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability ____________(remove) the distance that usually exists between people．
　应用文写作之感谢信
你总是第一个主动提出帮忙，对此我非常感激。
You'd always ____________________________， for which I was quite grateful．
◎当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next/only/last/very/right等修饰或限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
◎动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：way, time, ability, chance, ambition，anxiety，belief，attempt等。
◎For the first time to do such work, I was really under great pressure．
对于第一次做这种工作的我，真的压力很大。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．What ____________ me was that my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents' love．Sensing that I was ____________ at his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my ____________gradually gave way to my gratitude to him．(disappoint)
2．____________ (blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands，tears rolling down my face．
3．He headed to the bar, ____________(signal) to the girl that she could take part in the campaign ____________(launch) by the company．
4．What counts is that I can't wait to earn some pocket money to prove my ____________ (independent)．
5．I like music and my parents always argue ____________ me ____________ my hobby．They think my hobby will result ____________ my poor academic performance．
6．By taking exercise ____________ (regular)，I have grown healthy not only physically，but also ____________ (mental) in the past years．
7．I attach great importance to ____________ (communicate) with my parents in a peaceful way．____________ (lack) effective face-to-face communication can only worsen the relationship between my parents and me．
8．There exists a problem between my parents and me, making ____________ impossible for me to carry on with my study．Actually, I am so keen on space exploration that I usually go to the library ____________ the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe．
9．It is ____________ (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness．
10．I desired ____________ (cycle) along the Mekong River with my friends．I was disappointed that my parents argued against my decision, but I was determined ____________ (have) a try．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．current
A．adj．当前的；现在的　B．n．(河、湖或海的)水流；气流　C．n．潮流
(1)Suddenly, a warm current washed over me． ________
(2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence． ________
(3)We should try our best to go with the current of the times． ________
2．otherwise
(1)Seize the chance，otherwise you won't enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings． ________
(2)There was some music playing upstairs．Otherwise the house was silent． ________
(3)It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers． ________
3．The barman gave free drinks to the regulars at Christmas． ________
A．n．常客　　　　　　 B．adj．有规律的
C．adj．规则的
4．She floated down the steps to greet us． ________
A．漂浮　　　B．轻盈走动　　　C．提出
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．由于汤姆这么粗心，造成了不少麻烦。(动词-ing形式作主语)
____________________________________ resulted in so much trouble．
2．我们已到了这样一个阶段：为了拯救我们自己，我们必须采取有效措施来保护环境。(so as to do作目的状语)
We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment ____________________________________．
3．成功在于有能力在失败中继续努力。(不定式作定语)
Success consists in the ability ________________________ through failures．
4．早睡早起使我们健康、聪明和富有。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
Early to rise and early to bed ____________________________．
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
1．30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2．70%的同学认为值得探索；
3．你的观点。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①人类一直渴望探索太空。(desire to do．．．)
Humans _____________________________________________________________．
②最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument；宾语从句)
Recently，students in our class have ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
③30%的人认为太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(argue that．．．)
30% of us ________________________________________________，and they think space is too far away from us and our daily life．
④我们在太空探索上花了太多钱。否则，这些钱本可以用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染问题。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)
We have spent too much money on space exploration． _________________________ such as starvation and pollution．
⑤70%的人重视太空探索，认为探索太空带来了很多好处，比如利用卫星进行通信和天气预报。(attach；result in；动词-ing形式短语作主语)
70% of us ________________________ space exploration，believing that ________________________________________________，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast．
⑥随着地球上有限的资源逐渐耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with复合结构；run out)
__________________________________________________________，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage．
　句式升级
⑦用非谓语结构改写③中的句子。
30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，_____________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
⑧用定语从句合并④中的两个句子。
We have spent too much money on space exploration _______________________ such as starvation and pollution．
　妙笔成篇
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 determined；disappointed；desire；in the hope of；keen；shallow；launch；leap；carry on；signal；figure out；argue；result in；monitor；provide for；run out；so as to
美句 1．However，scientists were determined to realise that dream． 2．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population．
拓展 语料 单词 shocked adj．震惊的；stunned adj．惊讶的；amazed adj．大为惊奇的；astonished adj．感到十分惊讶的
语块 to one's shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment令某人惊讶的是；wear a look of surprise on one's face面带惊讶的表情；be numb with surprise/shock惊呆；a look of surprise spread over/flash across one's face脸上闪过惊讶的表情；too surprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话
句型 1．Rose froze with shock，as if rooted on the ground． 罗斯惊呆了，好像扎根在地上一样。 2．So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word． 她惊愕得说不出话来。 3．At the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb． 听到他去世的消息，我如此震惊，呆若木鸡。 4．I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat． 我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。 5．They stopped in their tracks，raised their heads and stared at him in amazement． 他们停下脚步，抬起头，惊讶地注视着他。 6．A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story． 我的同伴听着我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。
　语料运用
①听到这个消息，全国人民都惊呆了。
Hearing the news，people all over the country _______________________．
②总统如此震惊，喉咙紧绷，一句话也说不出来。(倒装结构；形容词短语作状语)
_____________________ that his throat felt tight，_________________________．
③这场灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和沮丧，但是探索宇宙的愿望却没有停止。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语；不定式作定语)
The disaster ____________________________________________， but the desire ____________________________________ never died．
④科学家和航天员决心找出原因，继续探索，以慰藉那些为航天事业牺牲的人们，为全人类作出贡献。(定语从句)
Scientists and astronauts determined to figure out the reason and carry on their research so as to console those ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
必修第三册　UNIT 4
单元词句 语境背记
核心词汇
1．lack　2．launch　3．giant　4．leap　5．signal　6．recycle　7．float　8．otherwise　9．beyond　10．current　11．sufficient　12．keen　13．monitor　14．regular
阅读词汇
1．procedure　2．gravity　3．orbit　4．transmit　5．shallow　6．航天器；宇宙飞船　7．太阳的；太阳能的　8．致命的；灾难性的　9．高端的
拓展词汇
1．intelligence　2．determined；determination　3．desirable　4．independently；independence　5．analyze/analyse　6．limited；limitless/unlimited　7．mysterious
高频短语
1．carry on　2．run out　3．result in　4．so as to (do sth．)　5．抱着……的希望　6．所以；结果(是)　7．最后　8．在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
语境串记
1．carrying/to carry　2．themselves　3．disappointed　4．For/Through　5．otherwise　6．to explore　7．wasting　8．which　9．increasing　10．regularly
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．①to seek　②for
[完美写作]that you (should)/to communicate fluently with foreigners in English
2．①argument　②be argued
[完美写作]while 18% of the students argue that
3．①Lacking confidence and experience　②For/Through lack of confidence and experience　③Lacking in confidence and experience
[完美写作]bad eating habits and (a) lack of exercise
4．①to stop　②signal(l)ing
[完美写作]signal(l)ed me to sit down
5．①from　②in　③a
[完美写作]it will result in mutual understanding and friendship
6．①after；away；into；out　②of
[完美写作]was running out
7．①to think；to help　②to take　③to remove
[完美写作]be the first to offer to help
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．1．disappointed；disappointed；disappointment 　2．Being　blamed　3．signal(l)ing；launched　4．independence　5．with；about/on/over；in　6．regularly；mentally　7．communicating；Lacking　8．it；in　9．universally　10．to cycle；to have
Ⅱ．1．(1)B　(2)A　(3)C
2．(1)B　(2)C　(3)A
3．A　4．B
Ⅲ．1．Tom's being so careless　2．so as to save ourselves
3．to continue efforts　4．makes us healthy，wise and wealthy
主题引领 写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1
①have always been desiring to explore space　②had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring　③argue that space exploration is not worthwhile　④Otherwise it could have been used to deal with the earth's problems　⑤attach importance to；exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits　⑥With the limited resources on the earth gradually running out
Step 2
⑦thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life
⑧which otherwise could have been used to deal with the earth's problems
Step 3
Humans have always been desiring to explore space．Recently，students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring．
30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life．We have spent too much money on space exploration which otherwise could have been used to deal with the earth's problems such as starvation and pollution．On the other hand，70% of us attach importance to space exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast．
As far as I am concerned，space exploration is worthy to be conducted．With the limited resources on the earth gradually running out，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage．Besides，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day．
读后续写
Step 2
①were numb with shock　②So stunned was the president；unable to utter a word　③made everyone sad and disappointed；to explore the universe　④who sacrificed for the cause and make contributions to all mankind
1 / 15(共132张PPT)
第一部分　
教材知识讲练
必修第三册
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
单元主题 导图串记
单元词句 语境背记
核心词汇
1．____ vt．缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺　　　　　　　　　
2．______ vt．& n．发射；发起；上市
3．_____ adj．巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
4．____ n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi．& vt．跳过；跃过
5．______ vt．& vi．标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志
6．_______ vt．回收利用；再利用
7．_____ vi．浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt．使浮动；使漂流
lack
launch
giant
leap
signal
recycle
float
核心词汇
8．__________ adv．否则；要不然
9．______ prep．在更远处；超出
10．_______ adj．当前的；现在的n．水流；电流；思潮；洋流；气流
11．__________ adj．足够的；充足的
12．____ adj．热衷的；渴望的
13．_______ n．监视器；监测仪；班长 vt．监视；监测；监控
14．_______ adj．定期的；经常的；正常的
otherwise
beyond
current
sufficient
keen
monitor
regular
阅读 词汇
1．_________ n．程序；步骤；手续
2．_______ n．重力；引力
3．_____ n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt．& vi．沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
4．_________ vt．& vi．传输；发送
procedure
gravity
orbit
transmit
阅读 词汇
5．________ adj．肤浅的；浅的
6．spacecraft n．________________
7．solar adj．________________
8．fatal adj．________________
9．high-end adj．______
shallow
航天器；宇宙飞船
太阳的；太阳能的
致命的；灾难性的
高端的
拓展词汇
1．intelligent adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→ ____________ n．智力；才智；智慧
2．determine vt．查明；确定；决定→___________ adj．有决心的；意志坚定的→______________ n．决心；决定
3．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt．渴望；期望→_________ adj．可取的；值得做的
4．independent adj．独立的；自立的→_____________ adv．自立地；独立地→____________ n．独立
intelligence
determined
determination
desirable
independently
independence
拓展词汇
5．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→________________ vt．分析
6．limit n．限制；极限；界限 vt．限制→________ adj．有限的→______________________ adj．无限制的
7．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→___________ adj．神秘的
analyze/analyse
limited
limitless/unlimited
mysterious
高频短语
1．_______ 继续做，坚持干
2．______ 用完；耗尽
3．________ 导致；造成
4．_________________ 为了；以便
5．in the hope of doing sth．______________
6．as a result ________________
7．in closing ____
8．on board ______________________________
carry on
run out
result in
so as to (do sth．)
抱着……的希望
所以；结果(是)
最后
在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
句型公式
1．Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．(不定式短语作后置定语)
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise．(状语从句的省略)
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西都固定下来，否则这些东西就会飘走。
句型公式
3．Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger．(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
首先，探索太空已经在对抗世界性饥饿的斗争中产生了影响。
4．While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around．(so as to do作目的状语)
睡觉时，他们必须将自己绑在某个东西上，以防四处飘浮。
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe．They launch rockets 1．_________________(carry) satellites．Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote 2．___________ (they) to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3．________________ (disappoint)．Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later．4．______________ lack of gravity，their muscles become weak．They have to tape everything up，5．__________ they
carrying/to carry
themselves
disappointed
For/Through
otherwise
would float around．They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen．However，people's desire 6．_________(explore) space never dies．China is the third country to send humans into space independently．This signals one giant leap for China．Some people argue that we should stop 7．________(waste) time and money on space exploration，8．______ is a shallow view．Our planet's resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the 9．__________ (increase) population．In closing，we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration 10．_________(regular)．
to explore
wasting
which
increasing
regularly
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt．渴望；期望
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)Research also suggests that our desire ______(seek) risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions，as well as a desire _____ high-quality products．
to seek
for
完美写作　应用文写作之邀请信
如果你很渴望用英语与外国人流利地交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语角。
If you have a strong desire _____________________________________
________________________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Corner right away．
that you (should)/to communicate fluently with foreigners in English
◎have a desire for.../to do...渴望……/渴望做……
◎desire to do sth．渴望做某事
desire sb．to do sth．想要某人做某事
◎desirable adj．可取的；值得做的
◎It is desirable that...(should) do sth．做某事是可取的
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university，and by a desire to be part of a cultural community．
朋友们因对艺术和大学的共同热爱，以及成为文化社区一员的愿望而团结在一起。
2．argue vt．& vi．论证；争辩；争论
①(北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 7)You and your parents are having an _________ (argue) about you staying out late on Friday night．
②(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 3)Indeed，it could ________ (argue) that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work．
argument
be argued
完美写作　应用文写作之观点表达
65%的学生赞成听英文歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英文经典来提高他们的英语水平。
65% of the students argue for enjoying English songs _______________
______________________ they can have their English level improved by reading English classics．
while 18% of the
students argue that
◎argue sb．into/out of doing sth．说服某人做/不做某事
argue for/against (doing) sth．赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that...主张……；认为……
◎argument n．争论；争吵；论点
◎(2024·北京卷)The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable．
18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终是由那些不可知的事物本身组成的。
3．lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt．没有；缺乏
①_______________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(分词短语作状语)
②___________________________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(lack n．)
③_________________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(lacking adj．)
Lacking confidence and experience
For/Through lack of confidence and experience
Lacking in confidence and experience
由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应对这可怕的情况。
完美写作　应用文写作之健康生活
健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely connected with _______________________
______________．
bad eating habits and (a)
lack of exercise
◎(a/the) lack of...缺乏……
for/through lack of...因缺乏……
◎lacking adj．缺少的，不足的
◎Extreme heat for prolonged periods，coupled with lack of rain，dries out the dams and reduces water availability，she said．
她说，长时间的极端高温，再加上没有雨水，使大坝干涸，减少了水的可用性。
4．signal vt．& vi．标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
①A police car drew abreast(并排) of us and signaled us ______(stop)．
②The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，__________________ (signal) the end of the Spring Festival celebrations．
to stop
signal(l)ing
完美写作　读后续写之动作描写
当我站在一个小摊旁叹息没钱时，小贩注意到我的困境，亲切地微笑着向我打招呼，并示意我坐下。
When I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money，the seller noticed my dilemma，greeted me with a kind smile and __________________________．
signal(l)ed me to sit down
◎signal at/to sb．向某人发信号
give/send a signal 发出信号
traffic signals交通信号灯
◎The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building．
警报器一响，就是要所有人离开大楼。
◎The dove is widely regarded as a signal of peace around the world．
鸽子在全世界被广泛视为和平的象征。
5．result in导致；造成
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)There have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time．Some of these resulted _____ advances in technology．
②(北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)Reduced rainfall in Canada resulted __ a huge forest fire in May 2016．
③Kids will feel that parents don't care and，as _ result，may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments．
from
in
a
完美写作　应用文写作之活动意义
这次活动不仅会提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。
Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture but also _______________________________________
_______________．
it will result in mutual understanding and
friendship
◎result from由……导致；因……而产生
◎as a result所以；结果(是)
as a result of由于……
◎(中国日报)Expanded educational exchange programs may result from increased regional integration，giving me the opportunity to study abroad and acquire a variety of viewpoints．
扩大的教育交流项目可能是加强地区一体化的结果，给了我出国学习和获得各种不同观点的机会。
6．run out用完；耗尽
①Tom started to run _____ Jerry at the sight of him，so Jerry had to run _____．Jerry was so nervous that he ran ____ a tree accidentally after a few minutes' chase．Finally，their strength ran ___．
②I had run out __ all my patience and I began to explode with anger．
after
away
into
out
of
完美写作　读后续写之人物描写
大卫的体力快耗尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，便满身大汗、拖着沉重的步伐朝着终点线艰难前行。
David's energy ______________ but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding his way towards the finishing line，bathed in sweat．
was running out
◎run out of 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
◎use up用尽；吃光(及物动词短语，人作主语)
◎run across偶然遇到
◎run after追逐；追求
◎run into 撞上；途中遭遇(恶劣天气)；碰上(麻烦等)
◎run away (from...)逃离；避开
◎(中国日报)In January last year，a truck driver ran out of fuel on the road where there was no mobile phone signal or network．
去年1月，一名卡车司机在没有手机信号或网络的路上耗尽了燃料。
7．[教材原句]Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．(不定式短语作后置定语)
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
① John was the first person _______ (think) of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money．He was convinced that he had the ability ______ (help) Bernard out of the difficulty．
②Personally speaking，I think I am the best person ______ (take) up the job．
③(人教版必修第二册Unit 3)She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability _________(remove) the distance that usually exists between people．
to think
to help
to take
to remove
完美写作　应用文写作之感谢信
你总是第一个主动提出帮忙，对此我非常感激。
You'd always _________________________ ， for which I was quite grateful．
be the first to offer to help
◎当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next/only/last/very/right等修饰或限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
◎动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：way，time，ability，chance，ambition，anxiety，belief，attempt等。
◎For the first time to do such work，I was really under great pressure．
对于第一次做这种工作的我，真的压力很大。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．What ____________ me was that my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents' love．Sensing that I was ____________ at his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my _______________ gradually gave way to my gratitude to him．(disappoint)
2．_____________ (blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands，tears rolling down my face．
disappointed
disappointed
disappointment
Being blamed
3．He headed to the bar，______________(signal) to the girl that she could take part in the campaign ________(launch) by the company．
4．What counts is that I can't wait to earn some pocket money to prove my ____________ (independent)．
5．I like music and my parents always argue _____ me ______________
my hobby．They think my hobby will result __ my poor academic performance．
signal(l)ing
launched
independence
with
about/on/over
in
6．By taking exercise _________ (regular)，I have grown healthy not only physically，but also _________ (mental) in the past years．
7．I attach great importance to _______________ (communicate) with my parents in a peaceful way．________ (lack) effective face-to-face communication can only worsen the relationship between my parents and me．
regularly
mentally
communicating
Lacking
8．There exists a problem between my parents and me，making __ impossible for me to carry on with my study．Actually，I am so keen on space exploration that I usually go to the library __ the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe．
9．It is ___________ (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness．
it
in
universally
10．I desired _______ (cycle) along the Mekong River with my friends．I was disappointed that my parents argued against my decision，but I was determined ______ (have) a try．
to cycle
to have
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．current
A．adj．当前的；现在的　B．n．(河、湖或海的)水流；气流　C．n．潮流
(1)Suddenly，a warm current washed over me． __
(2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become more capable，moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence． __
(3)We should try our best to go with the current of the times． __
B
A
C
2．otherwise
A．adv．以其他方式　B．adv．否则　C．adv．除此以外
(1)Seize the chance，otherwise you won't enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings． __
(2)There was some music playing upstairs．Otherwise the house was silent． __
(3)It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers． __
B
C
A
3．The barman gave free drinks to the regulars at Christmas． __
A．n．常客　　　　
B．adj．有规律的
C．adj．规则的
4．She floated down the steps to greet us． __
A．漂浮　
B．轻盈走动　　　
C．提出
A
B
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．由于汤姆这么粗心，造成了不少麻烦。(动词-ing形式作主语)
_______________________ resulted in so much trouble．
2．我们已到了这样一个阶段：为了拯救我们自己，我们必须采取有效措施来保护环境。(so as to do作目的状语)
We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment ___________________．
Tom's being so careless
so as to save ourselves
3．成功在于有能力在失败中继续努力。(不定式作定语)
Success consists in the ability _________________ through failures．
4．早睡早起使我们健康、聪明和富有。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
Early to rise and early to bed _________________________________．
to continue efforts
makes us healthy，wise and wealthy
主题引领 写作提能
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
1．30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2．70%的同学认为值得探索；
3．你的观点。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Step1　写作微练
①人类一直渴望探索太空。(desire to do...)
Humans _____________________________________．
②最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument；宾语从句)
Recently，students in our class have ____________________________
____________________________．
have always been desiring to explore space
had a heated argument about
whether space is worth exploring
③30%的人认为太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(argue that...)
30% of us __________________________________________，and they think space is too far away from us and our daily life．
④我们在太空探索上花了太多钱。否则，这些钱本可以用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染问题。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)
We have spent too much money on space exploration．______________
__________________________________________________ such as starvation and pollution．
argue that space exploration is not worthwhile
Otherwise it
could have been used to deal with the earth's problems
⑤70%的人重视太空探索，认为探索太空带来了很多好处，比如利用卫星进行通信和天气预报。(attach；result in；动词-ing形式短语作主语)
70% of us ___________________ space exploration，believing that _________________________________________，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast．
⑥随着地球上有限的资源逐渐耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with复合结构；run out)
______________________________________________________，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage．
attach importance to
exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits
With the limited resources on the earth gradually running out
Step2　句式升级
⑦用非谓语结构改写③中的句子。
30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，________________________________________________．
⑧用定语从句合并④中的两个句子。
We have spent too much money on space exploration _______________
____________________________________________________ such as starvation and pollution．
thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life
which otherwise could have been used to deal with the earth's problems
Step3　妙笔成篇
Humans have always been desiring to explore space．Recently，students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring．
30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life．We have spent too much money on space exploration which otherwise could have been used to deal with the earth's problems such as starvation and pollution．On the other hand，70% of us attach importance to space exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast．
As far as I am concerned，space exploration is worthy to be conducted．With the limited resources on the earth gradually running out，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage．Besides，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day．
教材语料 亮词 determined；disappointed；desire；in the hope of；keen；shallow；launch；leap；carry on；signal；figure out；argue；result in；monitor；provide for；run out；so as to
美句 1．However，scientists were determined to realise that dream．
2．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population．
Step 1　语料积累
教材语料 单词 shocked adj．震惊的；stunned adj．惊讶的；amazed adj．大为惊奇的；astonished adj．感到十分惊讶的
语块 to one's shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment令某人惊讶的是；wear a look of surprise on one's face面带惊讶的表情；be numb with surprise/shock惊呆；a look of surprise spread over/flash across one's face脸上闪过惊讶的表情；too surprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话
拓展 语料 句型 1．Rose froze with shock，as if rooted on the ground．
罗斯惊呆了，好像扎根在地上一样。
2．So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word．
她惊愕得说不出话来。
3．At the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb．
听到他去世的消息，我如此震惊，呆若木鸡。
拓展 语料 句型 4．I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat．
我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。
5．They stopped in their tracks，raised their heads and stared at him in amazement．
他们停下脚步，抬起头，惊讶地注视着他。
6．A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story．
我的同伴听着我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。
Step2　语料运用
①听到这个消息，全国人民都惊呆了。
Hearing the news，people all over the country ___________________．
②总统如此震惊，喉咙紧绷，一句话也说不出来。(倒装结构；形容词短语作状语)
_________________________________ that his throat felt tight，___________________．
were numb with shock
So stunned was the president
unable to utter a word
③这场灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和沮丧，但是探索宇宙的愿望却没有停止。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语；不定式作定语)
The disaster _______________________________，but the desire ____________________ never died．
④科学家和航天员决心找出原因，继续探索，以慰藉那些为航天事业牺牲的人们，为全人类作出贡献。(定语从句)
Scientists and astronauts determined to figure out the reason and carry on their research so as to console those _____________________________
_________________________________．
made everyone sad and disappointed
to explore the universe
who sacrificed for the cause and
make contributions to all mankind
课时数智作业(十五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2025·福建漳州模拟)
Raised in Jacksonville，a small town in North Carolina，Christina Koch always knew she wanted to be an astronaut．This dream began as early as kindergarten，during a time when spaceflight was dominated by men．“Fortunately，when I told my kindergarten teachers that I wanted to be an astronaut，they supported me．No one told me that it was unattainable．And whether it was my own hard-headedness or that encouragement，I did go full forward into pursuing my dream to become an astronaut，” she says．
Koch found inspiration in pioneers like Sally Ride and Mae Jemison，but also in everyday heroes—from civil rights activists to her independent grandmother．These examples，along with her family's emphasis on hard work，instilled in her the courage to chase her dreams．
Koch studied physics and electrical engineering before joining NASA at the Goddard Space Flight Centre，where she contributed to the development of scientific instruments on several space missions．Driven by a thirst for adventure，she spent a year in Antarctica's tough environment and then in other remote locations like Greenland．Unsurprisingly，she cited photography，travel，camping and climbing among her hobbies．
The ultimate fulfillment (实现) of her dream came in 2013，when she was selected as an astronaut，joining a groundbreaking class with an equal number of men and women．Previously，women comprised only 17% of NASA's astronauts．After completing training in 2015，she was assigned her first long-stay mission on the International Space Station (ISS)．Her success is undeniable．As part of the Artemis Ⅱ mission，scheduled for 2025，she'll travel further than any human since Apollo，an evidence of her constant ambition．
Koch advocates following passions and embracing challenges．
“Do what scares you，” she advises，“because those things often lead to the greatest fulfillment and contributions．”Besides，Koch also says that there's one that should never be forgotten：“Support the people around you．Make sure that you're thinking about the success of those around you，that you're helping them，and together we all will achieve as much as we possibly can．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯蒂娜·科赫提倡追随热爱，迎接挑战，并支持他人，她将在2025年的阿尔忒弥斯二号任务中飞得更远，实现自己的雄心壮志。
1．What initially motivated Koch to become an astronaut？(　　)
A．Her desire to push herself to the limit．
B．Her early enthusiasm in space exploration．
C．Her wish to reward her kindergarten teachers．
D．Her ambition to change the position of women astronauts．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，克里斯蒂娜·科赫在北卡罗来纳州的一个小镇杰克逊维尔长大，她一直知道自己想成为一名宇航员。这个梦想早在幼儿园就开始了，当时太空飞行是由男性主导的。因而她早期对太空探索的热情最初促使科赫成为一名宇航员。故选B。]
2．What can we infer from the passage？(　　)
A．Koch invented some scientific devices．
B．Koch set a record for the longest spaceflight．
C．Various hobbies prepared Koch for adventure．
D．Role models impacted Koch greatly in her life journey．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，科赫从莎莉·莱德和梅·杰米森等先驱身上找到了灵感，但也从日常生活中的英雄身上找到了灵感——从民权活动家到她独立的祖母。这些例子，加上她的家人对努力工作的重视，给了她追求梦想的勇气。因而在科赫的人生旅途中，榜样对她的影响很大。故选D。]
3．What does Koch's advice indicate？(　　)
A．Seeking support is crucial for dream chasers．
B．Being kind to others is the stepping stone to success．
C．Welcoming challenges leads to personal growth．
D．Working tirelessly is key to overcoming barriers．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，科赫倡导追随热爱，迎接挑战。“做你害怕的事，”科赫建议道，“因为那些事情往往会带来最大的成就感和贡献。”因而科赫的建议表明，迎接挑战能促进个人成长。故选C。]
4．What is the best title of the passage？(　　)
A．Christina Koch：An Explorer of Nature
B．Christina Koch：A Dream Pursuer to Space
C．Christina Koch：A Role Model from Jacksonville
D．Christina Koch：A Distinguished Female Scientist
√
B　[标题归纳题。文章主要讲的是克里斯蒂娜·科赫提倡追随热爱，迎接挑战，并支持他人，她将在2025年的阿尔忒弥斯二号任务中飞得更远，实现自己的雄心壮志。因此本文的最佳标题是“克里斯蒂娜·科赫：太空追梦者”。故选B。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·陕西咸阳三模)
Researchers believe they have found evidence for a hidden ocean on Mimas，one of Saturn's major moons．This makes Mimas a target for learning more about the origins of life in our solar system．
Saturn has 146 moons orbiting it．The biggest is larger than the planet Mercury；the smallest is roughly the size of a sports field on the Earth．Mimas，which was first discovered in 1789，is one of the major moons and is about 250 miles wide．
Experts used to think Mimas was mostly made out of solid ice and rock．In 2014，astronomers noticed its orbit around Saturn was moving unsteadily．A shaky orbit can be caused either by a core shaped like a rugby ball or a huge liquid ocean beneath the surface．At first，lots of astronomers argued against the suggestion that Mimas had an ocean because there was no sign of it on the surface．
To investigate more thoroughly，researchers looked at images taken by Cassini，a NASA spacecraft sent to study Saturn．The images showed that the moon's orbit around Saturn drifted by about six miles over 13 years．The team's calculations found that the only way Mimas could move in this way was that it had a hidden ocean under the surface．They thought the ocean formed when the moon's core warmed up and melted some of the ice．
“The major findings here are that Mimas，which we would never think to have water，might support life，” said Valery Lainey，a writer of the study．“It's really amazing．”
Space agencies want to study these oceans because they might be home to living organisms．However，the ocean on Mimas might not be old enough for life to have emerged there yet．It took hundreds of millions of years for life to develop on the Earth and the ocean on Mimas is relatively young；it is less than 25 million years old．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于土星的主要卫星之一Mimas可能存在隐藏海洋的科学研究发现及其意义，同时涉及了对其他卫星的简要对比。
5．What is the exploration of Mimas aimed at in paragraph 1？(　　)
A．Providing evidence for a hidden ocean．
B．Exploring the beginning of life in outer space．
C．Promoting research for space exploration．
D．Ensuring harmony between man and nature．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，研究人员认为，他们已经在土星的主要卫星之一Mimas上发现了隐藏海洋的证据。这使得Mimas成为了解更多太阳系生命起源的目标。因而对Mimas的探索旨在了解太阳系中生命起源的更多信息。故选B。]
6．What is the main idea of paragraph 2？(　　)
A．The discovery of Saturn's moons．
B．The number and variety of moons orbiting Saturn．
C．The size and characteristics of Mimas．
D．The comparison between Saturn and Mercury．
√
B　[段落大意题。根据第二段可知，土星有146颗卫星环绕着它。最大的比水星还大，最小的大约和地球上的运动场一样大。Mimas于1789年首次被发现，是主要卫星之一，直径约250英里。因而第二段主要介绍了绕土星运行的卫星的数量和种类。故选B。]
7．What did astronomers initially think of the existence of an ocean on Mimas？(　　)
A．Confident．　　　 B．Indifferent．
C．Optimistic． D．Doubtful．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，起初，许多天文学家反对Mimas有海洋的说法，因为在Mimas表面没有海洋的迹象。因而，天文学家最初对Mimas存在海洋的想法是持怀疑态度的。故选D。]
8．Why did the researchers use Cassini's images to investigate Mimas？
(　　)
A．To analyse its orbit．
B．To measure its size．
C．To observe its surface．
D．To find landing sites．
√
A　[推理判断题。根据第四段可知，为了进行更彻底的调查，研究人员查看了卡西尼号拍摄的图像，卡西尼号是美国宇航局用来研究土星的航天器。这些图像显示，Mimas围绕土星的轨道在13年里漂移了大约6英里。研究小组通过计算发现，Mimas能够以这种方式移动的唯一途径是它的表面下有一个隐藏的海洋。他们认为，当卫星核心升温并融化了一些冰时，海洋就形成了。因而研究人员使用卡西尼号的图像来调查Mimas是为了更深入的研究，特别是为了分析它的轨道异常现象。故选A。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·山东日照二模)
Disabled astronauts-in-training have completed a zero-gravity flight 25，000 ft above Earth to help understand how spacesuits and spaceships can be made more accessible．
The group of 14，who were from five different countries，including Australia，Brazil，Germany，Spain and the US，was made up of scientists，engineers and doctors．They have mobility，vision and hearing difficulties．
The groundbreaking trip，organised by AstroAccess，happened on a Zero-G aircraft in Houston，Texas．It came just weeks after the European Space Agency (ESA) announced that former Paralympian runner，John McFall，would be part of the 2022 ESA Astronaut Class．The mission took off and landed at Ellington Airport，next to the Houston Spaceport and the NASA Johnson Space centre — home to the US human spaceflight training．
On climbing to a height of 25，000 ft，the vehicle began 18 parabolic manoeuvres (抛物线演习)，allowing the crews to test out what was needed to make trips to space more accessible for those with disabilities．
One group tested a set of tactile graphics (触觉图形) to be added to cabin walls that would allow both blind crew members and short-sighted crew members to maintain a sense of direction during emergencies and help them find emergency devices in zero gravity if the lights went
off．Those working with the Blind and Mobility Crew were able to demonstrate that a disabled person can independently get into a launch seat and safely fasten the five-point seat belt，proving that disabled people can safely join space missions．The hard-of-hearing and blind crews worked with Sony and Sonic Cloud to help improve speech understanding systems onboard，using Sonic Cloud's innovative sound personalisation software．
Matt Gohd，CEO of Zero-G Corporation said，“From our time with Steven Hawking to our relationship with AstroAccess，Zero-G believes that the only limits you have are the ones you place on yourself．We are honoured to share this amazing experience and the first steps to space with this extraordinary group of individuals．Space should be open to everyone．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了14名残疾宇航员在AstroAccess组织的帮助下，完成了一次离地球25 000英尺的零重力飞行训练，这次飞行旨在测试和改进宇航服和宇宙飞船的设计，以便让残疾人更容易进入太空。
9．What is the idea behind the flight？(　　)
A．Space travel can be accessible to everyone．
B．Space travel will become a popular industry．
C．Space travel can develop a spirit of adventure．
D．Space travel will be good for universe exploration．
√
A　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，残疾宇航员在训练中完成了离地球25 000英尺的零重力飞行，以帮助了解如何使宇航服和宇宙飞船更容易使用；再根据最后一段最后一句“Space should be open to everyone．”可推知，这次飞行是为了让残疾宇航员也可以进行太空旅行，其背后的理念是每个人都可以进行太空旅行。故选A。]
10．What was special about the flight？(　　)
A．It had a former athlete on board．
B．It was designed for disabled people．
C．It was the first zero-gravity flight ever．
D．It got financial aid from different countries．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这14人来自澳大利亚、巴西、德国、西班牙和美国5个不同的国家，由科学家、工程师和医生组成。他们行动不便，视力和听力都有障碍。因而这次飞行的特殊之处在于它是为残疾人设计的。故选B。]
11．Why were the tests conducted？(　　)
A．To make preparations for the flight．
B．To enhance speech understanding systems．
C．To better the skills of the disabled in using launch seats．
D．To evaluate the possibility of space travel for the disabled．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第四段可知，在爬升到25 000 英尺的高度时，飞行器开始了18次抛物线飞行，让工作人员测试需要什么才能让残疾人更方便地前往太空。因而该次测试的目的是评估残疾人太空旅行的可能性。故选D。]
12．What message is conveyed in Matt Gohd's words？(　　)
A．Great minds think alike．
B．Unity is strength．
C．Actions speak louder than words．
D．Anything is possible．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Matt Gohd认为从我们与史蒂芬·霍金的时光到我们与AstroAccess的关系，Zero-G相信你唯一的限制就是你对自己的限制。我们很荣幸能与这群非凡的人分享这一惊人的经历，并迈出了进入太空的第一步。太空应该向所有人开放。因而Matt Gohd认为人仅受限于自己施加的限制，只要不对自己设限，任何人都可以进行太空旅行。由此可知，他认为一切皆有可能。故选D。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2025·江苏南通模拟)
For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s，a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet． 1 ，Diana Trujillo has made it — she is a(n) 2 now，leading a 45-person team that's responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover．Born in 1983，even as a young girl，Diana was certain of her passion for science．When she was 17，her dad offered to send her to
Miami，Florida to study Aerospace Engineering．Without any 3 ，she followed her dad's 4 ．Arriving in the US with just $300，Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs．
The 6 was definitely not easy，but Trujillo never complained．
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo．One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with． 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo's career goals．So she 10 her studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (西班牙裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007．Since then，Trujillo has worn many hats at America's space agency．
But Diana hasn't 12 there．She also leads by example， 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields．Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着团队负责火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
C　[考查副词词义辨析。根据上文和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知，对于Diana Trujillo这样身份的女性来说，在美国宇航局从事科学事业是遥不可及的事情，但她却做到了，上下文构成转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。]
(　　)1．A．Therefore　　 B．Instead
C．However D．Moreover
√
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“leading a 45-person team that's responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”以及“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，Diana Trujillo领导的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂，而且她学的是航空航天工程，因此她应该是一名工程师。故选B。]
(　　)2．A．astronaut B．engineer
C．pilot D．doctor
√
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Born in 1983，even as a young girl，Diana was certain of her passion for science．”可知，还是个小女孩的时候，Diana就对科学充满了热情，因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的建议。故选A。]
(　　)3．A．hesitation B．complaint
C．expectation D．promise
√
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami，Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。故选D。]
(　　)4．A．command B．footstep
C．request D．suggestion
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“with just $300”和空后“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知，Trujillo当时经济比较困难，得做很多家政工作来赚钱。由此可知，她是艰难地完成了学业。struggle through意为“艰难地渡过”。故选C。]
(　　)5．A．go B．pass
C．struggle D．push
√
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Arriving in the US with just $300，Trujillo had to ________ through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs．”可知，此处指Trujillo通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。故选D。]
(　　)6．A．mission B．career
C．adventure D．process
√
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“ ________she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to ________ Trujillo's career goals”可知，Trujillo由此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标，因此此处是指她经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。故选B。]
(　　)7．A．risk-taking B．life-changing
C．time-consuming D．energy-saving
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with．”和下文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知，教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识一名宇航员其实很近。故选A。]
(　　)8．A．Realising B．Remembering
C．Imagining D．Assuming
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知，自己离认识一名宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujillo的职业目标，让她继续努力学习。故选C。]
(　　)9．A．record B．share
C．inspire D．finish
√
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知，Trujillo一开始学的就是与太空科学相关的专业，后来她真的被美国宇航局学院录取了，因此她是继续学习这个专业。故选D。]
(　　)10．A．started B．abandoned
C．suspended D．continued
√
B　[考查副词词义辨析。根据上文叙述的Trujillo克服经济困难，努力完成学业，以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下，继续学习可推知，此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。故选B。]
(　　)11．A．immediately B．eventually
C．gradually D．suddenly
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana还做了其他的事情，因此此处是指她并没有就此停止。故选C。]
(　　)12．A．left B．succeeded
C．stopped D．reached
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana在以身作则，因此是通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。故选A。]
(　　)13．A．encouraging B．promising
C．allowing D．persuading
√
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师可推知，她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒，告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。故选D。]
(　　)14．A．symbol B．notice
C．warning D．reminder
√
B　[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知，此处是用Trujillo追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人，想要伸手去够星星的人，只要努力工作，就有大量的机会实现梦想。故选B。]
(　　)15．A．stare at B．reach for
C．long for D．come after
√
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·山西临汾三模)
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校为庆祝第九个“中国航天日”(Space Day of China)将举办一系列活动，请你给外教Mr．Smith写一封邮件邀请他来参加。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动方案。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个词左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr．Smith，
I am Li Hua，chairman of the Student Union．
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Mr．Smith，
I am Li Hua，chairman of the Student Union．I'm writing to extend our earnest invitation for your participation in the 9th Space Day of China celebration in our school．
To mark the remarkable achievements of China's aerospace industry and inspire the young to admire science，explore the unknown and embrace innovation，we have planned a series of exciting activities for the occasion，including guest lectures from experts in the field，interactive workshops on space technology，and a model rocket launch in the evening．
We would be honoured if you could join us for this special day on April 24th．Looking forward to your favourable response．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
谢 谢！课时数智作业(十五)
必修第三册　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2025·福建漳州模拟)
Raised in Jacksonville，a small town in North Carolina，Christina Koch always knew she wanted to be an astronaut．This dream began as early as kindergarten，during a time when spaceflight was dominated by men．“Fortunately，when I told my kindergarten teachers that I wanted to be an astronaut，they supported me．No one told me that it was unattainable．And whether it was my own hard headedness or that encouragement，I did go full forward into pursuing my dream to become an astronaut，”she says．
Koch found inspiration in pioneers like Sally Ride and Mae Jemison，but also in everyday heroes—from civil rights activists to her independent grandmother．These examples，along with her family's emphasis on hard work，instilled in her the courage to chase her dreams．
Koch studied physics and electrical engineering before joining NASA at the Goddard Space Flight Centre，where she contributed to the development of scientific instruments on several space missions．Driven by a thirst for adventure，she spent a year in Antarctica's tough environment and then in other remote locations like Greenland．Unsurprisingly，she cited photography，travel，camping and climbing among her hobbies．
The ultimate fulfillment (实现) of her dream came in 2013，when she was selected as an astronaut，joining a groundbreaking class with an equal number of men and women．Previously，women comprised only 17% of NASA's astronauts．After completing training in 2015，she was assigned her first long stay mission on the International Space Station (ISS)．Her success is undeniable．As part of the Artemis Ⅱ mission，scheduled for 2025，she'll travel further than any human since Apollo，an evidence of her constant ambition．
Koch advocates following passions and embracing challenges．“Do what scares you，”she advises，“because those things often lead to the greatest fulfillment and contributions．”Besides，Koch also says that there's one that should never be forgotten: “Support the people around you．Make sure that you're thinking about the success of those around you，that you're helping them，and together we all will achieve as much as we possibly can．”
1．What initially motivated Koch to become an astronaut？(　　)
A．Her desire to push herself to the limit．
B．Her early enthusiasm in space exploration．
C．Her wish to reward her kindergarten teachers．
D．Her ambition to change the position of women astronauts．
2．What can we infer from the passage？(　　)
A．Koch invented some scientific devices．
B．Koch set a record for the longest spaceflight．
C．Various hobbies prepared Koch for adventure．
D．Role models impacted Koch greatly in her life journey．
3．What does Koch's advice indicate？(　　)
A．Seeking support is crucial for dream chasers．
B．Being kind to others is the stepping stone to success．
C．Welcoming challenges leads to personal growth．
D．Working tirelessly is key to overcoming barriers．
4．What is the best title of the passage？(　　)
A．Christina Koch: An Explorer of Nature
B．Christina Koch: A Dream Pursuer to Space
C．Christina Koch: A Role Model from Jacksonville
D．Christina Koch: A Distinguished Female Scientist
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·陕西咸阳三模)
Researchers believe they have found evidence for a hidden ocean on Mimas，one of Saturn's major moons．This makes Mimas a target for learning more about the origins of life in our solar system．
Saturn has 146 moons orbiting it．The biggest is larger than the planet Mercury; the smallest is roughly the size of a sports field on the Earth．Mimas，which was first discovered in 1789，is one of the major moons and is about 250 miles wide．
Experts used to think Mimas was mostly made out of solid ice and rock．In 2014，astronomers noticed its orbit around Saturn was moving unsteadily．A shaky orbit can be caused either by a core shaped like a rugby ball or a huge liquid ocean beneath the surface．At first，lots of astronomers argued against the suggestion that Mimas had an ocean because there was no sign of it on the surface．
To investigate more thoroughly，researchers looked at images taken by Cassini，a NASA spacecraft sent to study Saturn．The images showed that the moon's orbit around Saturn drifted by about six miles over 13 years．The team's calculations found that the only way Mimas could move in this way was that it had a hidden ocean under the surface．They thought the ocean formed when the moon's core warmed up and melted some of the ice．
“The major findings here are that Mimas，which we would never think to have water，might support life，”said Valery Lainey，a writer of the study．“It's really amazing．”
Space agencies want to study these oceans because they might be home to living organisms．However，the ocean on Mimas might not be old enough for life to have emerged there yet．It took hundreds of millions of years for life to develop on the Earth and the ocean on Mimas is relatively young; it is less than 25 million years old．
5．What is the exploration of Mimas aimed at in paragraph 1？(　　)
A．Providing evidence for a hidden ocean．
B．Exploring the beginning of life in outer space．
C．Promoting research for space exploration．
D．Ensuring harmony between man and nature．
6．What is the main idea of paragraph 2？(　　)
A．The discovery of Saturn's moons．
B．The number and variety of moons orbiting Saturn．
C．The size and characteristics of Mimas．
D．The comparison between Saturn and Mercury．
7．What did astronomers initially think of the existence of an ocean on Mimas？(　　)
A．Confident．　 B．Indifferent．
C．Optimistic． D．Doubtful．
8．Why did the researchers use Cassini's images to investigate Mimas？(　　)
A．To analyse its orbit．
B．To measure its size．
C．To observe its surface．
D．To find landing sites．
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·山东日照二模)
Disabled astronauts in training have completed a zero gravity flight 25，000 ft above Earth to help understand how spacesuits and spaceships can be made more accessible．
The group of 14，who were from five different countries，including Australia，Brazil，Germany，Spain and the US，was made up of scientists，engineers and doctors．They have mobility，vision and hearing difficulties．
The groundbreaking trip，organised by AstroAccess，happened on a Zero G aircraft in Houston，Texas．It came just weeks after the European Space Agency (ESA) announced that former Paralympian runner，John McFall，would be part of the 2022 ESA Astronaut Class．The mission took off and landed at Ellington Airport，next to the Houston Spaceport and the NASA Johnson Space centre — home to the US human spaceflight training．
On climbing to a height of 25，000 ft，the vehicle began 18 parabolic manoeuvres (抛物线演习)，allowing the crews to test out what was needed to make trips to space more accessible for those with disabilities．
One group tested a set of tactile graphics (触觉图形) to be added to cabin walls that would allow both blind crew members and short sighted crew members to maintain a sense of direction during emergencies and help them find emergency devices in zero gravity if the lights went off．Those working with the Blind and Mobility Crew were able to demonstrate that a disabled person can independently get into a launch seat and safely fasten the five point seat belt，proving that disabled people can safely join space missions．The hard of hearing and blind crews worked with Sony and Sonic Cloud to help improve speech understanding systems onboard，using Sonic Cloud's innovative sound personalisation software．
Matt Gohd，CEO of Zero G Corporation said，“From our time with Steven Hawking to our relationship with AstroAccess，Zero G believes that the only limits you have are the ones you place on yourself．We are honoured to share this amazing experience and the first steps to space with this extraordinary group of individuals．Space should be open to everyone．”
9．What is the idea behind the flight？(　　)
A．Space travel can be accessible to everyone．
B．Space travel will become a popular industry．
C．Space travel can develop a spirit of adventure．
D．Space travel will be good for universe exploration．
10．What was special about the flight？(　　)
A．It had a former athlete on board．
B．It was designed for disabled people．
C．It was the first zero gravity flight ever．
D．It got financial aid from different countries．
11．Why were the tests conducted？(　　)
A．To make preparations for the flight．
B．To enhance speech understanding systems．
C．To better the skills of the disabled in using launch seats．
D．To evaluate the possibility of space travel for the disabled．
12．What message is conveyed in Matt Gohd's words？(　　)
A．Great minds think alike．
B．Unity is strength．
C．Actions speak louder than words．
D．Anything is possible．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2025·江苏南通模拟)
For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s，a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet． 1 ，Diana Trujillo has made it — she is a(n) 2 now，leading a 45 person team that's responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover．Born in 1983，even as a young girl，Diana was certain of her passion for science．When she was 17，her dad offered to send her to Miami，Florida to study Aerospace Engineering．Without any 3 ，she followed her dad's 4 ．Arriving in the US with just $300，Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs．The 6 was definitely not easy，but Trujillo never complained．
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo．One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with． 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut”was all it took to 9 Trujillo's career goals．So she 10 her studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (西班牙裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007．Since then，Trujillo has worn many hats at America's space agency．
But Diana hasn't 12 there．She also leads by example， 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields．Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars．
(　　)1．A．Therefore B．Instead
C．However D．Moreover
(　　)2．A．astronaut B．engineer
C．pilot D．doctor
(　　)3．A．hesitation B．complaint
C．expectation D．promise
(　　)4．A．command B．footstep
C．request D．suggestion
(　　)5．A．go B．pass
C．struggle D．push
(　　)6．A．mission B．career
C．adventure D．process
(　　)7．A．risk taking B．life changing
C．time consuming D．energy saving
(　　)8．A．Realising B．Remembering
C．Imagining D．Assuming
(　　)9．A．record B．share
C．inspire D．finish
(　　)10．A．started B．abandoned
C．suspended D．continued
(　　)11．A．immediately B．eventually
C．gradually D．suddenly
(　　)12．A．left B．succeeded
C．stopped D．reached
(　　)13．A．encouraging B．promising
C．allowing D．persuading
(　　)14．A．symbol B．notice
C．warning D．reminder
(　　)15．A．stare at B．reach for
C．long for D．come after
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·山西临汾三模)
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校为庆祝第九个“中国航天日”(Space Day of China)将举办一系列活动，请你给外教Mr．Smith写一封邮件邀请他来参加。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动方案。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个词左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr．Smith，
I am Li Hua，chairman of the Student Union．
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
课时数智作业(十五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯蒂娜·科赫提倡追随热爱，迎接挑战，并支持他人，她将在2025年的阿尔忒弥斯二号任务中飞得更远，实现自己的雄心壮志。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，克里斯蒂娜·科赫在北卡罗来纳州的一个小镇杰克逊维尔长大，她一直知道自己想成为一名宇航员。这个梦想早在幼儿园就开始了，当时太空飞行是由男性主导的。因而她早期对太空探索的热情最初促使科赫成为一名宇航员。故选B。]
2．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，科赫从莎莉·莱德和梅·杰米森等先驱身上找到了灵感，但也从日常生活中的英雄身上找到了灵感——从民权活动家到她独立的祖母。这些例子，加上她的家人对努力工作的重视，给了她追求梦想的勇气。因而在科赫的人生旅途中，榜样对她的影响很大。故选D。]
3．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，科赫倡导追随热爱，迎接挑战。“做你害怕的事，”科赫建议道，“因为那些事情往往会带来最大的成就感和贡献。”因而科赫的建议表明，迎接挑战能促进个人成长。故选C。]
4．B　[标题归纳题。文章主要讲的是克里斯蒂娜·科赫提倡追随热爱，迎接挑战，并支持他人，她将在2025年的阿尔忒弥斯二号任务中飞得更远，实现自己的雄心壮志。因此本文的最佳标题是“克里斯蒂娜·科赫：太空追梦者”。故选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于土星的主要卫星之一Mimas可能存在隐藏海洋的科学研究发现及其意义，同时涉及了对其他卫星的简要对比。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，研究人员认为，他们已经在土星的主要卫星之一Mimas上发现了隐藏海洋的证据。这使得Mimas成为了解更多太阳系生命起源的目标。因而对Mimas的探索旨在了解太阳系中生命起源的更多信息。故选B。]
6．B　[段落大意题。根据第二段可知，土星有146颗卫星环绕着它。最大的比水星还大，最小的大约和地球上的运动场一样大。Mimas于1789年首次被发现，是主要卫星之一，直径约250英里。因而第二段主要介绍了绕土星运行的卫星的数量和种类。故选B。]
7．D　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，起初，许多天文学家反对Mimas有海洋的说法，因为在Mimas表面没有海洋的迹象。因而，天文学家最初对Mimas存在海洋的想法是持怀疑态度的。故选D。]
8．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段可知，为了进行更彻底的调查，研究人员查看了卡西尼号拍摄的图像，卡西尼号是美国宇航局用来研究土星的航天器。这些图像显示，Mimas围绕土星的轨道在13年里漂移了大约6英里。研究小组通过计算发现，Mimas能够以这种方式移动的唯一途径是它的表面下有一个隐藏的海洋。他们认为，当卫星核心升温并融化了一些冰时，海洋就形成了。因而研究人员使用卡西尼号的图像来调查Mimas是为了更深入的研究，特别是为了分析它的轨道异常现象。故选A。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了14名残疾宇航员在AstroAccess组织的帮助下，完成了一次离地球25 000英尺的零重力飞行训练，这次飞行旨在测试和改进宇航服和宇宙飞船的设计，以便让残疾人更容易进入太空。
9．A　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，残疾宇航员在训练中完成了离地球25 000英尺的零重力飞行，以帮助了解如何使宇航服和宇宙飞船更容易使用；再根据最后一段最后一句“Space should be open to everyone．”可推知，这次飞行是为了让残疾宇航员也可以进行太空旅行，其背后的理念是每个人都可以进行太空旅行。故选A。]
10．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这14人来自澳大利亚、巴西、德国、西班牙和美国5个不同的国家，由科学家、工程师和医生组成。他们行动不便，视力和听力都有障碍。因而这次飞行的特殊之处在于它是为残疾人设计的。故选B。]
11．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段可知，在爬升到25 000 英尺的高度时，飞行器开始了18次抛物线飞行，让工作人员测试需要什么才能让残疾人更方便地前往太空。因而该次测试的目的是评估残疾人太空旅行的可能性。故选D。]
12．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Matt Gohd认为从我们与史蒂芬·霍金的时光到我们与AstroAccess的关系，ZeroG相信你唯一的限制就是你对自己的限制。我们很荣幸能与这群非凡的人分享这一惊人的经历，并迈出了进入太空的第一步。太空应该向所有人开放。因而Matt Gohd认为人仅受限于自己施加的限制，只要不对自己设限，任何人都可以进行太空旅行。由此可知，他认为一切皆有可能。故选D。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着团队负责火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
1．C　[考查副词词义辨析。根据上文和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知，对于Diana Trujillo这样身份的女性来说，在美国宇航局从事科学事业是遥不可及的事情，但她却做到了，上下文构成转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。]
2．B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“leading a 45person team that's responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”以及“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，Diana Trujillo领导的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂，而且她学的是航空航天工程，因此她应该是一名工程师。故选B。]
3．A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Born in 1983，even as a young girl，Diana was certain of her passion for science．”可知，还是个小女孩的时候，Diana就对科学充满了热情，因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的建议。故选A。]
4．D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami，Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。故选D。]
5．C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“with just $300”和空后“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知，Trujillo当时经济比较困难，得做很多家政工作来赚钱。由此可知，她是艰难地完成了学业。struggle through意为“艰难地渡过”。故选C。]
6．D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Arriving in the US with just $300，Trujillo had to through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs．”可知，此处指Trujillo通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。故选D。]
7．B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“ she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to Trujillo's career goals”可知，Trujillo由此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标，因此此处是指她经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。故选B。]
8．A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with．”和下文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知，教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识一名宇航员其实很近。故选A。]
9．C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知，自己离认识一名宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujillo的职业目标，让她继续努力学习。故选C。]
10．D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知，Trujillo一开始学的就是与太空科学相关的专业，后来她真的被美国宇航局学院录取了，因此她是继续学习这个专业。故选D。]
11．B　[考查副词词义辨析。根据上文叙述的Trujillo克服经济困难，努力完成学业，以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下，继续学习可推知，此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。故选B。]
12．C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana还做了其他的事情，因此此处是指她并没有就此停止。故选C。]
13．A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana在以身作则，因此是通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。故选A。]
14．D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师可推知，她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒，告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。故选D。]
15．B　[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知，此处是用Trujillo追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人，想要伸手去够星星的人，只要努力工作，就有大量的机会实现梦想。故选B。]
Ⅲ．【参考范文】
Dear Mr．Smith，
I am Li Hua，chairman of the Student Union． I'm writing to extend our earnest invitation for your participation in the 9th Space Day of China celebration in our school．
To mark the remarkable achievements of China's aerospace industry and inspire the young to admire science，explore the unknown and embrace innovation，we have planned a series of exciting activities for the occasion，including guest lectures from experts in the field，interactive workshops on space technology，and a model rocket launch in the evening．
We would be honoured if you could join us for this special day on April 24th．Looking forward to your favourable response．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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