奠基篇 第1讲 构词法课件(共65张PPT)+ 学案(含答案)2026年高中英语人教版(2019)一轮复习

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奠基篇 第1讲 构词法课件(共65张PPT)+ 学案(含答案)2026年高中英语人教版(2019)一轮复习

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第1讲 构词法
第一节 派生法
派生词是由词根加词缀组成的词。一般来说,词根决定单词意思,前缀改变单词意思,后缀决定单词词性。
 前缀
(1)anti- (反对,抵抗,防止)
anti-aging 抗衰老的    antibody 抗体
anti-war 反战的
(2)auto- (自动,自己)
automation 自动化 autobiography 自传
autonomous自主的;自治的
(3)be- (使……,使……成为)
belittle贬低
befriend 做朋友;友善对待
(4)bi- (两,二)
bimonthly 两月一次(的)
bilingual 会说两种语言的
(5)co-/con-/com- (一起,共同,联合)
coexist共存 co-worker同事
(6)de- (去除,降低,减少)
decrease (使)降低;减少 dewater 脱水
(7)dis- (不,无;相反;取消,分离)
disability 缺陷 disclose揭露;透露
disappear 消失 distract使分心
(8)en- (使……成某种状态;表示向内之意;加强意义)
endanger使处于危险 enrich使丰富
encircle包围 enlarge 扩大
(9)ex- (出,外,由……弄出;前任的,以前的)
export 出口 exclude不包括
exit出口 extract提取;拔出
(10)extra- (额外的,超过的)
extraordinary非凡的
extracurricular课外的
(11)fore- (前,先;预告)
forehead 前额 forefather 祖先
forearm 前臂 foretell 预知
(12)il- (无,不,非,用在l之前)
illegal非法的 illogical不合逻辑的
illiterate不识字的
(13)im- (无,不,非,用在b、m、p前;向内;加强意义)
impatient不耐烦的 immoral不道德的
import进口 impolite 不礼貌的
(14)in- (无,不,非;内,入)
independent独立的 incomplete 不完整的
incorrect 不正确的 informal非正式的
(15)inter- (在……之间,……际;相互)
international国际的 interview面试;采访
(16)ir- (无,不,非,用在r前)
irregular不整齐的;不规则的 irrational不合理的
(17)micro- (微小,微)
microscope显微镜 microwave微波
(18)mini- (小的,短的,迷你的)
minibus小型公共汽车 miniskirt超短裙
(19)mis- (误,错,不)
misguide 误导 misunderstand 误解
(20)multi- (多)
multiculture多元文化
multilingual多种语言的
(21)non- (无,非,不)
non-party 无党派的
non-English非英语的
(22)over- (过多,过度;颠倒,反转)
overburden负担过重 overestimate高估
overstate言过其实 overweight超重的
(23)out- (超过;向外的)
outweigh重于;超过 outnumber数量超过
(24)post- (在后,后;邮件,邮政)
postgraduate 研究生 post-war 战后的
(25)pre- (在前;预先)
preheat 预先加热 prehistory 史前时期
(26)pro- (向前,在前)
progress进步 prospect希望;前景
(27)re- (回,再,重新)
recycle 再利用 reconsider 重新考虑
(28)Sino- (中国的)
Sino-American中美的
Sino-Japanese中日的
(29)sub- (下;次,亚,准;副,分支,下级)
subway地铁 sub-zero零度以下的
(30)super- (超级,在……之上,过度)
supermarket 超市 superhero 超级英雄
(31)sur- (上,外,超)
surface表面
surrealism超现实主义
(32)tele- (远的;电视的;通过电话的)
telescope 望远镜 television 电视
(33)trans- (横穿,从一端到另一端,转移)
transform 使改变形态 transport运输
(34)un- (不,无,非,未;取消;相反动作)
unable 未能 unhealthy 不健康的
(35)under- (下;内;不足,少)
underline在……下画线
underestimate低估
(36)vice- (副)
vice-chairman 副主席
vice-president副总统,副总裁
Ⅰ.根据左边的提示和前缀,写出右边单词的词义
1.virus n.病毒→ antivirus adj.____________
2.forest n.森林→ deforest v.____________
3.honorable adj.光荣的→dishonorable adj.__________________
4.branch n.树枝→ disbranch v.____________
5.trust n.信任→ entrust v.____________
6.fold v.折叠→ unfold v.____________
7.maker n.制造者→ automaker n.____________
8.annual adj.每年的→ biannual adj.____________
9.blog n.博客→ microblog n.____________
10.conference n.会议→teleconference n.____________
Ⅱ.给提示词加上适当的前缀,并用其正确形式填空
1.My father is a lawyer, but he ____________ (courage) me from entering the field.
2.The real goal of ____________ children to participate in physical activity is not to look for talented athletes but ____________ children to have fun being active.(courage)
3.A good strategy to increase memory is ____________(view) the material you are trying to remember often.
4.As a news reporter, he attached much importance to the ____________(view).
5.Traditional festivals ____________(able) us to learn about fine Chinese values.
6.Anxious all the time, I was ____________(able) to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
 后缀
1.名词后缀
(1)-al
①构成抽象名词,表示行为、状况、事情
approve—approval 批准  arrive—arrival到达
②表示人
crime—criminal犯罪分子
intellect—intellectual 知识分子
(2)-ance (构成抽象名词,表示状态、情况、性质、行为)
accept—acceptance接受
annoy—annoyance 恼怒
(3)-ence (构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态、行为)
compete—competence竞争,竞赛
exist—existence存在
(4)-er,-or,-ar
①表示人
begin—beginner新手  report—reporter记者
invent—inventor 发明家
govern—governor统治者
scholar学者 liar说谎的人
②表示物
cook—cooker炊具
fold—folder文件夹;纸夹
wash—washer洗衣机 heat—heater加热器
(5)-ee (人,被动者), -er (人,主动者)
employer 雇用者
employee 雇员(被雇用者)
trainee 受训者
(6)-eer (专做某种工作或从事某种职业的人)
engineer 工程师 volunteer 志愿者
(7)-ess (女性,雌性)
waitress女服务员 stewardess女乘务员
(8)-ist (专业人员,……主义者)
socialist 社会主义者 dentist牙医
(9)-ant (做……的人)
assist—assistant助手
consult—consultant顾问
(10)-(i)an (精通……的人)
music—musician音乐家
politics—politician 政治家
(11)-ity,-ty,-y (……的状态,……的事物)
similar—similarity 相似   real—reality现实
(12)-ation (行为,情况,状态)
prepare—preparation准备
relax—relaxation放松
(13)-ce (性质,状态)
absent—absence 缺席
consequent—consequence结果
(14)-cy (性质,状态,行为,职权,职务)
accurate—accuracy精确
adequate—adequacy足够;适当
(15)-dom (情况,状态,性质,身份)
free—freedom 自由 wise—wisdom 智慧
(16)-ure,-ture,-ature (……的行为,……的结果)
fail—failure失败 sign—signature 签名
(17)-ment (……的动作,……的结果)
argue—argument 争论;论据
achieve—achievement 成就
(18)-hood (构成抽象名词,表示时间、情况、状态、性质、身份、资格等)
childhood童年  neighbo(u)rhood街区
(19)-(i)bility [由“-(i)ble + -ity”构词,表示可……性、易……性、可……]
able—ability能力 flexible—flexibility灵活性
(20)-ing
①表示行为、状态、情况及其他
begin—beginning开始
belong—belongings财产
②表示……行业、……学、……术、……法
farm—farming农业
garden—gardening园艺
(21)-ion (构成抽象名词,表示行为、行为的过程或结果、情况、状态)
①以t或s结尾的动词,直接加-ion
act—action行为;活动
conduct—conduction 传导
construct—construction 建筑
特殊词:expect—expectation期待
②以不发音字母e (te,de除外) 结尾的动词,常去掉e, 再加上-ation或-ition。
admire—admiration羡慕
separate—separation分离
特殊词:invite邀请—invitation邀请
③以d或de结尾的动词,先改d或de为s,再加-ion
conclude—conclusion总结
decide—decision决定
extend—extension延伸
persuade—persuasion说服
特殊词:attend—attention注意,专心
intend—intention 目的,意图
④以mit结尾的动词,改mit为miss,再加上-ion
admit—admission承认,允许进入,进入权
⑤词干变化,再加-tion
describe—description描述
satisfy—satisfaction满意
(22)-th (……的状态)
grow—growth成长
strong—strength力气;优点
(23)-ful (……的量)
hand—handful一把
mouth—mouthful一口
(24)-ship (性质,身份,技能,集体)
hardship 艰难
leadership领导(地位)
(25)-ness (……的状态)
aware—awareness意识  sad—sadness伤心
(26)-logy,-graphy,-ics,-(e)ry [……学(说)]
biology生物学 ecology生态学
(27)-ization (表示行为的过程或结果,“……化”,与动词后缀-ize相对应)
computer—computerize—computerization计算机化
modern—modernize—modernization现代化
2.形容词后缀
(1)-able
①“v.+able” (表示能……的、可以……的、适合于……的、值得……的)
adapt—adaptable可适应的
cure—curable可治愈的
②“n.+able” (表示具有……特点的)
fashion—fashionable 时髦的
favo(u)r—favorable赞许的;有利的
(2)-ible (可……的,能……的,易……的或具有某种性质的)
responsible负责的  incredible不可信的
(3)-al (属于……的, 具有……性质的,如……的)
accident—accidental偶然的
condition—conditional有条件的
logic—logical符合逻辑的
economic—economical经济的,节约的
(4)-ful (富有……的, 充满……的, 易于……的)
faith—faithful忠实的
fruit—fruitful成果丰硕的
(5)-ic (……的)
drama—dramatic戏剧的,富有戏剧性的
system—systematic系统的
(6)-ical (……的)
theory—theoretical理论的
type—typical 典型的
(7)-ish (如……的,有……性质的)
childish如小孩的,幼稚的 girlish如少女的
(8)-ive (有……倾向的,有……性质的)
produce—productive多产的
progress—progressive进步的
(9)-ate (充满……的, 有……的特点)
passion—passionate热情的
consider—considerate考虑周到的
(10)-ous (具有……的特点)
adventure—adventurous冒险的
space—spacious宽敞的
(11)-some (引起/令人……的)
trouble—troublesome引起麻烦的
tire—tiresome令人厌烦的
3.动词后缀
(1)-ize/-ise (使,使……化;以……方式)
globe—globalize 全球化
modern—modernize现代化
(2)-(i)fy [使得,使……变成;使(某人)充满(某种感情)]
simply—simplify 简化   pure—purify净化
(3)-(e)n (使具有某种特性)
quick—quicken 加快
short—shorten (使)变短
(4)-ate (使具有某种性质)
origin—originate 发源;起源
active—activate (使)活动;激活
4.副词后缀
(1)-ly
①直接加-ly
actual—actually实际上
fortunate—fortunately幸运地
②以“辅音+le”结尾,去le加-ly
gentle—gently温和地  simple—simply简单地
③以ic结尾加-ally
energetic—energetically精力充沛地
basic—basically大体上,基本上
特殊词:public—publicly公开地
④以“辅音+y”结尾, 把y变i再加-ly
happy—happily高兴地
特殊词:shy—shyly害羞地
(2)-ward(s) (向,朝)
afterward(s) 以后,后来 backward(s) 向后地
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1.The government wants to ____________(tough) the existing drug controls.
2.So far the well-known ____________(journal) has accumulated more than 4,000 interviews with famous people.
3.The famous ____________(music), as well as his students, was invited to perform at the New Year's party.
4.The ____________(library) told the student that he should return the book in two weeks.
5.From time to time I look at the photo as a ____________(remind) to show respect to all animals.
6.I've been offered a job for three years as an ____________(assist) to Professor Hayes from Birmingham University.
7.She also stimulated his ____________(curious) and opened his mind to other cultures.
8.Focusing on your ____________(strong) also helps you build your confidence.
9.In a good ____________ (marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problem that arises in their daily life.
10.I didn't think our meeting was ____________(accident) —he must have known I would be there.
11.Our great wish is that let every ____________(examine) go to their desired university.
12.We all went back to our ____________(respect) homes to wait for news.
13.You should carry your ____________(member) card with you at all times.
14.In this spirit, the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour ____________(remark) sportspeople.
15.Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you ____________(memory) it.
16.Your research report is too long. You have to ____________ (simple) it in two pages.
17.The course helps teenagers ____________(broad) their knowledge of the world of work.
18.Reeve became a passionate and ____________(energy) advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities.
19.The fight ended only with the ____________(time) arrival of the police.
20.After years of hard work, the small local business has finally become an ____________(establish) brand in the regional market.
第二节 合成法和转化法
 合成法
1.合成形容词
warm-hearted热心的  cold-blooded冷血的
good-looking好看的
hard-working努力工作的
everlasting永恒的 never-ending 永无止境的
well-known著名的 newly-built新建的
high-speed高速度的 second-hand二手的
high-class高端的 duty-free免税的
2.合成名词
(1)形容词+名词:blackboard黑板
whiteboard白板
(2)名词+名词:airport机场   eyesight视力
website网址
(3)副词+名词:underwear内衣
(4)动词-ing形式+名词:waiting room候机室
sleeping pill安眠药
(5)动词+名词:pickpocket扒手
(6)名词+动词:daybreak拂晓  haircut发型
heartbeat心跳  handshake握手
(7)动词+副词:breakthrough突破
breakdown崩溃;故障
(8)副词+动词:income收入   input输入
outbreak爆发 output产量;输出
3.合成动词
uplift 高举 whitewash 粉刷
uphold 支持
翻译下列词块
1.a trouble-free life ________________
2.handmade clothes ________________
3.a second-class ticket ________________
4.a remote-controlled toy car ________________
5.top-secret information ________________
6.first-hand experience ________________
7.the award-winning TV drama ________________
8.an all-weather tennis court ________________
9.a groundbreaking study ________________
10.a diet-related change ________________
11.full-time education ________________
12.a short-sighted decision ________________
 转化法
转化法指的是不添加任何成分, 不改变词形, 把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法。
1.转化为动词
(1)名词转化为动词
book your ticket预定你的票
seat a thousand people 容纳一千人
head for 朝……前进
lunch together一起吃午餐
bridge the gap 消除隔阂
(2)形容词转化为动词
better our living conditions 改善我们的生活条件
lower his voice降低他的声音
(3)副词转化为动词(有少数副词可以转化为动词)
Murder will out.(谚语)纸包不住火。
2.转化为名词
(1)形容词转化为名词
the old 老年人
a natural for... 天生适合……的人
(2)动词转化为名词
a man of strong build 一个体格健壮的人
写出下列单词的词性以及词义
1.Can you pour some water into that empty vase
She emptied the water out of the vase. (        )
2.Each apartment is a house which six people live in.
Each apartment can house a family of six. (        )
3.If you want to cry, cry on my shoulder.
As teenagers, we must shoulder the responsibility of our nation. (        )
4.When the earthquake happened, people flooded to the playground.
There is a flood of people attending the lecture. (        )
5.He walked on a carpet of grass.
The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers. (        )
第1讲 构词法
第一节 派生法
考点一 对点微练
Ⅰ.1.抗病毒的 2.砍伐森林 3.可耻的;不光彩的 4.修剪;剪断 5.托付 6.展开 7.汽车制造商 8.一年两度的 9.微博 10.电话会议
Ⅱ.1.discouraged/discourages 2.encouraging;to encourage
3.to review/reviewing 4.interview 5.enable 6.unable
考点二 对点微练
1.toughen 2.journalist 3.musician 4.librarian 5.reminder
6.assistant 7.curiosity 8.strengths 9.marriage
10.accidental 11.examinee 12.respective 13.membership 14.remarkable 15.memorize/memorise 16.simplify
17.broaden 18.energetic 19.timely 20.established
第二节 合成法和转化法
考点一 对点微练
1.无忧无虑的生活 2.手工制作的衣服 3.一张二等票
4.一辆遥控玩具车 5.绝密信息 6.亲身体验 7.获奖电视剧
8.一个全天候网球场 9.一项突破性研究 10.一个与饮食相关的变化 11.全日制教育 12.一个目光短浅的决定
考点二 对点微练
1.adj.空的;v.倒空 2.n.房子;v.容纳 3.n.肩膀;v.承担
4.v.涌入;n.大量 5.n.一层;v.覆盖
15 / 15(共65张PPT)
第二部分 
语法考点突破
奠 基 篇
第1讲 构词法
整体感知
解疑释惑
第一节 派生法
派生词是由词根加词缀组成的词。一般来说,词根决定单词意思,前缀改变单词意思,后缀决定单词词性。
考点一 前缀
(1)anti- (反对,抵抗,防止)
anti-aging 抗衰老的    antibody 抗体
anti-war 反战的
(2)auto- (自动,自己)
automation 自动化
autobiography 自传
autonomous自主的;自治的
(3)be- (使……,使……成为)
belittle贬低
befriend 做朋友;友善对待
(4)bi- (两,二)
bimonthly 两月一次(的)
bilingual 会说两种语言的
(5)co-/con-/com- (一起,共同,联合)
coexist共存 co-worker同事
(6)de- (去除,降低,减少)
decrease (使)降低;减少 dewater 脱水
(7)dis- (不,无;相反;取消,分离)
disability 缺陷 disclose揭露;透露
disappear 消失 distract使分心
(8)en- (使……成某种状态;表示向内之意;加强意义)
endanger使处于危险 enrich使丰富
encircle包围 enlarge 扩大
(9)ex- (出,外,由……弄出;前任的,以前的)
export 出口 exclude不包括
exit出口 extract提取;拔出
(10)extra- (额外的,超过的) extraordinary非凡的
extracurricular课外的
(11)fore- (前,先;预告)
forehead 前额 forefather 祖先
forearm 前臂 foretell 预知
(12)il- (无,不,非,用在l之前)
illegal非法的 illogical不合逻辑的
illiterate不识字的
(13)im- (无,不,非,用在b、m、p前;向内;加强意义)
impatient不耐烦的 immoral不道德的
import进口 impolite 不礼貌的
(14)in- (无,不,非;内,入)
independent独立的 incomplete 不完整的
incorrect 不正确的 informal非正式的
(15)inter- (在……之间,……际;相互)
international国际的 interview面试;采访
(16)ir- (无,不,非,用在r前)
irregular不整齐的;不规则的 irrational不合理的
(17)micro- (微小,微)
microscope显微镜 microwave微波
(18)mini- (小的,短的,迷你的)
minibus小型公共汽车 miniskirt超短裙
(19)mis- (误,错,不)
misguide 误导 misunderstand 误解
(20)multi- (多)
multiculture多元文化 multilingual多种语言的
(21)non- (无,非,不)
non-party 无党派的 non-English非英语的
(22)over- (过多,过度;颠倒,反转)
overburden负担过重 overestimate高估
overstate言过其实 overweight超重的
(23)out- (超过;向外的)
outweigh重于;超过 outnumber数量超过
(24)post- (在后,后;邮件,邮政)
postgraduate 研究生 post-war 战后的
(25)pre- (在前;预先)
preheat 预先加热 prehistory 史前时期
(26)pro- (向前,在前)
progress进步 prospect希望;前景
(27)re- (回,再,重新)
recycle 再利用 reconsider 重新考虑
(28)Sino- (中国的)
Sino-American中美的 Sino-Japanese中日的
(29)sub- (下;次,亚,准;副,分支,下级)
subway地铁 sub-zero零度以下的
(30)super- (超级,在……之上,过度)
supermarket 超市 superhero 超级英雄
(31)sur- (上,外,超)
surface表面 surrealism超现实主义
(32)tele- (远的;电视的;通过电话的)
telescope 望远镜 television 电视
(33)trans- (横穿,从一端到另一端,转移)
transform 使改变形态 transport运输
(34)un- (不,无,非,未;取消;相反动作)
unable 未能 unhealthy 不健康的
(35)under- (下;内;不足,少)
underline在……下画线
underestimate低估
(36)vice- (副)
vice-chairman 副主席
vice-president副总统,副总裁
Ⅰ.根据左边的提示和前缀,写出右边单词的词义
1.virus n.病毒→ antivirus adj.________
2.forest n.森林→ deforest v.________
3.honorable adj.光荣的→dishonorable adj.________________
4.branch n.树枝→ disbranch v.__________
5.trust n.信任→ entrust v.____
抗病毒的
砍伐森林
可耻的;不光彩的
修剪;剪断
托付
6.fold v.折叠→ unfold v.____
7.maker n.制造者→ automaker n.__________
8.annual adj.每年的→ biannual adj.__________
9.blog n.博客→ microblog n.____
10.conference n.会议→teleconference n.________
展开
汽车制造商
一年两度的
微博
电话会议
Ⅱ.给提示词加上适当的前缀,并用其正确形式填空
1.My father is a lawyer,but he ____________________________ (courage) me from entering the field.
2.The real goal of ___________ children to participate in physical activity is not to look for talented athletes but ___________ children to have fun being active.(courage)
discouraged/discourages
encouraging
to encourage
3.A good strategy to increase memory is ________________________
(view) the material you are trying to remember often.
4.As a news reporter,he attached much importance to the __________(view).
5.Traditional festivals ______(able) us to learn about fine Chinese values.
6.Anxious all the time,I was ______(able) to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
to review/reviewing
interview
enable
unable
考点二 后缀
1.名词后缀
(1)-al
①构成抽象名词,表示行为、状况、事情
approve—approval 批准 arrive—arrival到达
②表示人
crime—criminal犯罪分子
intellect—intellectual 知识分子
(2)-ance (构成抽象名词,表示状态、情况、性质、行为)
accept—acceptance接受
annoy—annoyance 恼怒
(3)-ence (构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态、行为)
compete—competence竞争,竞赛
exist—existence存在
(4)-er,-or,-ar
①表示人
begin—beginner新手 report—reporter记者
invent—inventor 发明家
govern—governor统治者
scholar学者 liar说谎的人
②表示物
cook—cooker炊具
fold—folder文件夹;纸夹
wash—washer洗衣机 heat—heater加热器
(5)-ee (人,被动者),-er (人,主动者)
employer 雇用者
employee 雇员(被雇用者)
trainee 受训者
(6)-eer (专做某种工作或从事某种职业的人)
engineer 工程师 volunteer 志愿者
(7)-ess (女性,雌性)
waitress女服务员 stewardess女乘务员
(8)-ist (专业人员,……主义者)
socialist 社会主义者 dentist牙医
(9)-ant (做……的人)
assist—assistant助手
consult—consultant顾问
(10)-(i)an (精通……的人)
music—musician音乐家
politics—politician 政治家
(11)-ity,-ty,-y (……的状态,……的事物)
similar—similarity 相似 real—reality现实
(12)-ation (行为,情况,状态)
prepare—preparation准备
relax—relaxation放松
(13)-ce (性质,状态)
absent—absence 缺席
consequent—consequence结果
(14)-cy (性质,状态,行为,职权,职务)
accurate—accuracy精确
adequate—adequacy足够;适当
(15)-dom (情况,状态,性质,身份)
free—freedom 自由 wise—wisdom 智慧
(16)-ure,-ture,-ature (……的行为,……的结果)
fail—failure失败 sign—signature 签名
(17)-ment (……的动作,……的结果)
argue—argument 争论;论据
achieve—achievement 成就
(18)-hood (构成抽象名词,表示时间、情况、状态、性质、身份、资格等)
childhood童年  neighbo(u)rhood街区
(19)-(i)bility [由“-(i)ble + -ity”构词,表示可……性、易……性、可……]
able—ability能力 flexible—flexibility灵活性
(20)-ing
①表示行为、状态、情况及其他
begin—beginning开始
belong—belongings财产
②表示……行业、……学、……术、……法
farm—farming农业
garden—gardening园艺
(21)-ion (构成抽象名词,表示行为、行为的过程或结果、情况、状态)
①以t或s结尾的动词,直接加-ion
act—action行为;活动
conduct—conduction 传导
construct—construction 建筑
特殊词:expect—expectation期待
②以不发音字母e (te,de除外) 结尾的动词,常去掉e,再加上-ation或-ition。
admire—admiration羡慕
separate—separation分离
特殊词:invite邀请—invitation邀请
③以d或de结尾的动词,先改d或de为s,再加-ion
conclude—conclusion总结
decide—decision决定
extend—extension延伸
persuade—persuasion说服
特殊词:attend—attention注意,专心
intend—intention 目的,意图
④以mit结尾的动词,改mit为miss,再加上-ion
admit—admission承认,允许进入,进入权
⑤词干变化,再加-tion
describe—description描述
satisfy—satisfaction满意
(22)-th (……的状态)
grow—growth成长
strong—strength力气;优点
(23)-ful (……的量)
hand—handful一把
mouth—mouthful一口
(24)-ship (性质,身份,技能,集体)
hardship 艰难
leadership领导(地位)
(25)-ness (……的状态)
aware—awareness意识 sad—sadness伤心
(26)-logy,-graphy,-ics,-(e)ry [……学(说)]
biology生物学 ecology生态学
(27)-ization (表示行为的过程或结果,“……化”,与动词后缀-ize相对应)
computer—computerize—computerization计算机化
modern—modernize—modernization现代化
2.形容词后缀
(1)-able
①“v.+able” (表示能……的、可以……的、适合于……的、值得……的)
adapt—adaptable可适应的
cure—curable可治愈的
②“n.+able” (表示具有……特点的)
fashion—fashionable 时髦的
favo(u)r—favorable赞许的;有利的
(2)-ible (可……的,能……的,易……的或具有某种性质的)
responsible负责的 incredible不可信的
(3)-al (属于……的,具有……性质的,如……的)
accident—accidental偶然的
condition—conditional有条件的
logic—logical符合逻辑的
economic—economical经济的,节约的
(4)-ful (富有……的,充满……的,易于……的)
faith—faithful忠实的
fruit—fruitful成果丰硕的
(5)-ic (……的)
drama—dramatic戏剧的,富有戏剧性的
system—systematic系统的
(6)-ical (……的)
theory—theoretical理论的
type—typical 典型的
(7)-ish (如……的,有……性质的)
childish如小孩的,幼稚的 girlish如少女的
(8)-ive (有……倾向的,有……性质的)
produce—productive多产的
progress—progressive进步的
(9)-ate (充满……的,有……的特点)
passion—passionate热情的
consider—considerate考虑周到的
(10)-ous (具有……的特点)
adventure—adventurous冒险的
space—spacious宽敞的
(11)-some (引起/令人……的)
trouble—troublesome引起麻烦的
tire—tiresome令人厌烦的
3.动词后缀
(1)-ize/-ise (使,使……化;以……方式)
globe—globalize 全球化
modern—modernize现代化
(2)-(i)fy [使得,使……变成;使(某人)充满(某种感情)]
simply—simplify 简化  pure—purify净化
(3)-(e)n (使具有某种特性)
quick—quicken 加快
short—shorten (使)变短
(4)-ate (使具有某种性质)
origin—originate 发源;起源
active—activate (使)活动;激活
4.副词后缀
(1)-ly
①直接加-ly
actual—actually实际上
fortunate—fortunately幸运地
②以“辅音+le”结尾,去le加-ly
gentle—gently温和地 simple—simply简单地
③以ic结尾加-ally
energetic—energetically精力充沛地
basic—basically大体上,基本上
特殊词:public—publicly公开地
④以“辅音+y”结尾,把y变i再加-ly
happy—happily高兴地
特殊词:shy—shyly害羞地
(2)-ward(s) (向,朝)
afterward(s) 以后,后来 backward(s) 向后地
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1.The government wants to _______(tough) the existing drug controls.
2.So far the well-known __________(journal) has accumulated more than 4,000 interviews with famous people.
3.The famous _________(music),as well as his students,was invited to perform at the New Year's party.
toughen
journalist
musician
4.The _________(library) told the student that he should return the book in two weeks.
5.From time to time I look at the photo as a _________(remind) to show respect to all animals.
6.I've been offered a job for three years as an _________(assist) to Professor Hayes from Birmingham University.
librarian
reminder
assistant
7.She also stimulated his _________(curious) and opened his mind to other cultures.
8.Focusing on your _________(strong) also helps you build your confidence.
9.In a good _________ (marry),both husband and wife work hard to solve any problem that arises in their daily life.
curiosity
strengths
marriage
10.I didn't think our meeting was __________(accident) —he must have known I would be there.
11.Our great wish is that let every _________(examine) go to their desired university.
12.We all went back to our __________(respect) homes to wait for news.
13.You should carry your ____________(member) card with you at all times.
accidental
examinee
respective
membership
14.In this spirit,the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour ___________(remark) sportspeople.
15.Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you __________
___________(memory) it.
16.Your research report is too long.You have to _________ (simple) it in two pages.
remarkable
memorize/
memorise
simplify
17.The course helps teenagers _______(broad) their knowledge of the world of work.
18.Reeve became a passionate and _________(energy) advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities.
19.The fight ended only with the _______(time) arrival of the police.
20.After years of hard work,the small local business has finally become an ___________(establish) brand in the regional market.
broaden
energetic
timely
established
第二节 合成法和转化法
考点一 合成法
1.合成形容词
warm-hearted热心的  cold-blooded冷血的
good-looking好看的 hard-working努力工作的
everlasting永恒的 never-ending 永无止境的
well-known著名的 newly-built新建的
high-speed高速度的 second-hand二手的
high-class高端的 duty-free免税的
2.合成名词
(1)形容词+名词:blackboard黑板
whiteboard白板
(2)名词+名词:airport机场  eyesight视力
website网址
(3)副词+名词:underwear内衣
(4)动词-ing形式+名词:waiting room候机室
sleeping pill安眠药
(5)动词+名词:pickpocket扒手
(6)名词+动词:daybreak拂晓  haircut发型
heartbeat心跳  handshake握手
(7)动词+副词:breakthrough突破
breakdown崩溃;故障
(8)副词+动词:income收入 input输入
outbreak爆发 output产量;输出
3.合成动词
uplift 高举 whitewash 粉刷
uphold 支持
翻译下列词块
1.a trouble-free life ______________
2.handmade clothes ______________
3.a second-class ticket __________
4.a remote-controlled toy car ______________
5.top-secret information ________
6.first-hand experience ________
无忧无虑的生活
手工制作的衣服
一张二等票
一辆遥控玩具车
绝密信息
亲身体验
7.the award-winning TV drama __________
8.an all-weather tennis court ________________
9.a groundbreaking study ______________
10.a diet-related change ____________________
11.full-time education __________
12.a short-sighted decision __________________
获奖电视剧
一个全天候网球场
一项突破性研究
一个与饮食相关的变化
全日制教育
一个目光短浅的决定
考点二 转化法
转化法指的是不添加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法。
1.转化为动词
(1)名词转化为动词
book your ticket预定你的票
seat a thousand people 容纳一千人
head for 朝……前进
lunch together一起吃午餐
bridge the gap 消除隔阂
(2)形容词转化为动词
better our living conditions 改善我们的生活条件
lower his voice降低他的声音
(3)副词转化为动词(有少数副词可以转化为动词)
Murder will out.(谚语)纸包不住火。
2.转化为名词
(1)形容词转化为名词
the old 老年人
a natural for...天生适合……的人
(2)动词转化为名词
a man of strong build 一个体格健壮的人
写出下列单词的词性以及词义
1.Can you pour some water into that empty vase
She emptied the water out of the vase. (adj.空的;v.倒空)
2.Each apartment is a house which six people live in.
Each apartment can house a family of six. (n.房子;v.容纳)
3.If you want to cry,cry on my shoulder.
As teenagers,we must shoulder the responsibility of our nation.
(n.肩膀;v.承担)
4.When the earthquake happened,people flooded to the playground.
There is a flood of people attending the lecture. (v.涌入;n.大量)
5.He walked on a carpet of grass.
The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers. (n.一层;v.覆盖)
谢 谢!

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