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第1讲　定语从句
　关系代词
1．关系代词的用法
关系代词 用法 例句
who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略) I'm Li Hua from Senior 3，who is one of the faithful fans of the English Corner．
whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替，但介词后只能用whom Mr．Smith is the person with whom I am working．
whose(＝of whom/of which) 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系 In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike． He lives in a house whose window is broken．
that 指人时，在从句中作主语或宾语，指人时通常可以与who，whom互换；指物时通常可以与which互换 I have many friends that/who/whom I'm going to send postcards to．
which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，也可指代整件事 China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China．
as 指人或物，引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中 He is such a kind boy as we all like．
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句的一部分，意为“正如” As we all know, he is a kind boy．
2．限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况
语法规则 例句
先行词是all，everything, nothing，much，any，little等不定代词，或先行词被no，little，all等修饰时 He did everything that he could for me．
先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词，或先行词被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen．
当先行词既含有表示人的名词又含有表示物的名词时 They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country．
先行词被the only, the very等修饰时 This is the very book that I've been looking for．
当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？
3．当先行词指物时，定语从句中只能用which不用that的情况
语法规则 例句
关系代词前有介词时 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking．
引导非限制性定语从句时 Crusoe's dog, which was very old, became ill and died．
4．当先行词指人时，定语从句中只能用who不用that的情况
语法规则 例句
引导非限制性定语从句时 Tom, who is my friend, has gone abroad to study．
先行词是anybody, he，none，those等词时 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man．
5．关系代词as和which的区别
语法规则 例句
as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前， 也可以放在主句后， 有时还可插入主句中。意为“正如……”，常见的搭配有：as we can see，as we all know, as is known to all, as is reported, as is announced, as is mentioned, as is expected, as is often the case等 As we can see, there is a connection between the words and the ideas of a culture． As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China．
which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后，指代主句，意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry．
6．介词＋关系代词
类别 句法 功能 例句
介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend．
介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag．
名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 There are many magazines in the reading room，some of which are designed for children．
7．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定
语法规则 例句
根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help．(turn to sb． for help) Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested．(be interested in)
根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country．(during that time)
根据所表达的意思来确定 The colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen．
　关系副词
先行词 关系副词 例句
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when在从句中作时间状语＝at/in/on/during which We will always remember the moment when our classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line．
表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where在从句中作地点状语＝in/at/to/on which At the Chinese art festival，there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors．
表示理由的名词：the reason why在从句中作原因状语＝for which I don't know the reason why he was late．
　定语从句与其他句式
1．定语从句与并列句
语法规则 例句
定语从句一般不用逗号与主句隔开，除非是非限制性定语从句；由并列连词连接的两个分句之间通常用逗号隔开 I have three books, and two of them are about history． I have three books, two of which are about history．
2．定语从句与强调句型的区别
语法规则 例句
强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整 It was on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport．
但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了 The book that was borrowed from the library is very useful．
3．定语从句与同位语从句
语法规则 例句
定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系 The suggestion that he came up with is practical．(that引导的是定语从句，that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语，可省略)
同位语从句的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系 He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning．(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．To facilitate our comprehension of the world，we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) ____________ are familiar to us．
2．Moreover，having a system in the same building ____________ it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad．
3．Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics ____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change．
4．On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，____________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces．
5．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area．
6．When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything ____________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories．
7．Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．
8．Dr．Rowan, ____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing．
9．The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759．
10．Their child is at the stage ____________ she can say individual words but not full sentences．
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．With a trophy in one hand and an awarding paper in the other hand，I looked at my teacher，______________________________________________________________．
我一手拿着奖杯，一手拿着奖状，望着老师，老师对我竖起了大拇指，他的眼里闪烁着喜悦和自豪。
2．To begin with，I suggest organizing a walking tour around the city to explore the green spaces in Beijing，__________________________________________________．
首先，我建议组织一次环城徒步旅行，探索北京的绿色空间，这将使参与者体验到这座城市的公园之美。
3．World Oceans Day ________________________________ is aimed at raising people's awareness of ocean conservation．
6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。
4．First，you'll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local restaurant，________________________________________________．
首先，我们会带你们参观我们的学校，然后在当地的一家餐馆吃饭，在那里你们可以尝尝地道的中国菜。
5．For students，what is most beneficial to their study is reading English books，________________________________________________．
对于学生们来说，使他们学习受益最大的就是读英语书，他们可以从中学习在课堂上学不到的东西。
Ⅲ．语法填空
There was a time 1．____________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English．And this was the reason 2．____________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training course in an English club before I went to senior high school．When I first came to the club，3．____________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much．So I packed up my things and wanted to go home．Fortunately，my guide, 4．____________ teacher was a famous educator，communicated with me face to face．He，from 5．____________ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other．Gradually I adapted to the life there．Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6．____________ we did．I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7．____________ encouraged me to fall in love with English．Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8．____________ I put my entire energy．Every day I read my words and passages aloud．In class I join in English discussions．Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9．____________ I can memorize a large number of new words．10．____________ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later．”
第1讲　定语从句
Ⅰ．1．that/which　2．where　3．who/that　4．who　5．that　6．that　7．where　8．whose　9．which/that　10．where
Ⅱ．1．who gave me a thumbsup，with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride　2．which will allow participants to experience the beauty of the city's parks　3．which/that falls on June 8th　4．where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food　5．from which they can learn what they can't in class
Ⅲ．1．when　2．why　3．where　4．whose　5．whom　6．that/which　7．who　8．which　9．which　10．As
1 / 8(共28张PPT)
第二部分　
语法考点突破
句 法 篇
第1讲　定语从句
语法精讲
考点一　关系代词
1．关系代词的用法
关系代词 用法 例句
who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略) I'm Li Hua from Senior 3，who is one of the faithful fans of the English Corner．
关系代词 用法 例句
whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替，但介词后只能用whom Mr．Smith is the person with whom I am working．
whose(＝of whom/of which) 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系 In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike．
He lives in a house whose window is broken．
关系代词 用法 例句
that 指人时，在从句中作主语或宾语，指人时通常可以与who，whom互换；指物时通常可以与which互换 I have many friends that/who/whom I'm going to send postcards to．
which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，也可指代整件事 China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China．
关系代词 用法 例句
as 指人或物，引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中 He is such a kind boy as we all like．
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句的一部分，意为“正如” As we all know，he is a kind boy．
2．限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况
语法规则 例句
先行词是all，everything，nothing，much，any，little等不定代词，或先行词被no，little，all等修饰时 He did everything that he could for me．
先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词，或先行词被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen．
当先行词既含有表示人的名词又含有表示物的名词时 They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country．
语法规则 例句
先行词被the only，the very等修饰时 This is the very book that I've been looking for．
当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？
3．当先行词指物时，定语从句中只能用which不用that的情况
语法规则 例句
关系代词前有介词时 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking．
引导非限制性定语从句时 Crusoe's dog，which was very old，became ill and died．
4．当先行词指人时，定语从句中只能用who不用that的情况
语法规则 例句
引导非限制性定语从句时 Tom，who is my friend，has gone abroad to study．
先行词是anybody，he，none，those等词时 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man．
5．关系代词as和which的区别
语法规则 例句
as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。意为“正如……”，常见的搭配有：as we can see，as we all know，as is known to all，as is reported，as is announced，as is mentioned，as is expected，as is often the case等 As we can see，there is a connection between the words and the ideas of a culture．
As is known to all，great changes have taken place in China．
语法规则 例句
which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后，指代主句，意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 Tom was late for school again and again，which made his teacher very angry．
6．介词＋关系代词
类别 句法功能 例句
介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend．
介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag．
名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 There are many magazines in the reading room，some of which are designed for children．
7．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定
语法规则 例句
根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help．(turn to sb．for help)
Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested．(be interested in)
语法规则 例句
根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country．(during that time)
根据所表达的意思来确定 The colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen．
考点二　关系副词
先行词 关系副词 例句
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when在从句中作时间状语＝at/in/on/during which We will always remember the moment when our classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line．
表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where在从句中作地点状语＝in/at/to/on which At the Chinese art festival，there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors．
表示理由的名词：the reason why在从句中作原因状语＝for which I don't know the reason why he was late．
考点三　定语从句与其他句式
1．定语从句与并列句
语法规则 例句
定语从句一般不用逗号与主句隔开，除非是非限制性定语从句；由并列连词连接的两个分句之间通常用逗号隔开 I have three books，and two of them are about history．
I have three books，two of which are about history．
2．定语从句与强调句型的区别
语法规则 例句
强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整 It was on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport．
但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了 The book that was borrowed from the library is very useful．
3．定语从句与同位语从句
语法规则 例句
定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系 The suggestion that he came up with is practical．(that引导的是定语从句，that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语，可省略)
同位语从句的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系 He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning．(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略)
达标演练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．To facilitate our comprehension of the world，we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) ____________ are familiar to us．
2．Moreover，having a system in the same building ______ it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad．
3．Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change．
that/which
where
who/that
4．On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces．
5．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area．
6．When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything ____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories．
who
that
that
7．Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．
8．Dr．Rowan，______ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing．
9．The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759．
10．Their child is at the stage ______ she can say individual words but not full sentences．
where
whose
which/that
where
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．With a trophy in one hand and an awarding paper in the other hand，I looked at my teacher，______________________________________
_________________________________．
我一手拿着奖杯，一手拿着奖状，望着老师，老师对我竖起了大拇指，他的眼里闪烁着喜悦和自豪。
who gave me a thumbs-up，with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride
2．To begin with，I suggest organizing a walking tour around the city to explore the green spaces in Beijing，_____________________________
____________________________________________．
首先，我建议组织一次环城徒步旅行，探索北京的绿色空间，这将使参与者体验到这座城市的公园之美丽。
which will allow participants to experience the beauty of the city's parks
3．World Oceans Day ____________________________ is aimed at raising people's awareness of ocean conservation．
6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。
4．First，you'll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local restaurant，_____________________________________________．
首先，我们会带你们参观我们的学校，然后在当地的一家餐馆吃饭，在那里你们可以尝尝地道的中国菜。
which/that falls on June 8th
where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food
5．For students，what is most beneficial to their study is reading English books，__________________________________________．
对于学生们来说，使他们学习受益最大的就是读英语书，他们可以从中学习在课堂上学不到的东西。
from which they can learn what they can't in class
Ⅲ．语法填空
There was a time 1．_____ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English．And this was the reason 2．____ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training course in an English club before I went to senior high school．When I first came to the club，3．______ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much．So I packed up my things and wanted to go home．Fortunately，my guide，4．______ teacher was a famous educator，communicated with me face to face．He，from 5．______ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well
when
why
where
whose
whom
with each other．Gradually I adapted to the life there．Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6．____________ we did．I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7．____ encouraged me to fall in love with English．Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8．______ I put my entire energy．Every day I read my words and passages aloud．In class I join in English discussions．Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9．______ I can memorize a large number of new words．10．___ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later．”
that/which
who
which
which
As
谢 谢！

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