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外研社八年级下册Module5
第三课时——语法课 现在完成时
姓名: 班别:
一、现在完成时的基本概念
现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)是英语中用来表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成影响或结果的一种时态。它强调过去与现在的联系。
现在完成时由"have/has + 过去分词"构成。
1. 现在完成时的构成
肯定句: 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他
否定句: 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问句: Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
2. have/has的使用
当主语是第三人称单数(he, she, it或单数名词)时,使用has;其他情况使用have。
I have finished my homework.
She has been to Beijing twice.
They haven't seen that movie yet.
Has your brother read this book
二、现在完成时的用法
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
这种用法强调动作的完成及其对现在的影响,常与already, just, yet等副词连用。
I have lost my keys. (我现在没有钥匙)
She has just finished her work. (她刚刚完成工作)
They haven't cleaned the room yet. (房间现在还是脏的)
2. 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态
这种用法常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如for, since, how long等。
I have lived here for ten years.
He has been a teacher since 2010.
How long have you known each other
注意: 表示持续性的动词(如live, work, study, teach, be等)可以用于这种用法,而非持续性动词(如come, go, leave, die, finish等)不能。
3. 表示经历或经验
表示过去曾经有过某种经历,常与ever, never, once, twice, before等词连用。
Have you ever been to Japan
I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.
She has read the book three times.
三、现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用:
already (已经,用于肯定句)
yet (已经,用于疑问句;还,用于否定句)
just (刚刚)
ever (曾经)
never (从未)
before (以前)
recently/lately (最近)
so far/up to now (到目前为止)
in the past/last few years (在过去的几年里)
for + 时间段 (表示持续的时间)
since + 时间点 (表示从某个时间点开始)
I have already finished my homework.
Have you seen that movie yet
He has lived in Shanghai for five years.
We have known each other since 2015.
四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调动作与现在的联系,而一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作,不涉及现在。
I have seen that movie. (我知道这部电影的内容)
I saw that movie last week. (只说明上周看了电影)
She has lived here for two years. (现在还住在这里)
She lived here for two years. (现在已经不住在这里了)
五、练习部分
练习一:用have/has填空
1. I ______ finished my homework.
2. She ______ never been to America.
3. They ______ just arrived at the airport.
4. My parents ______ lived in this city for 20 years.
5. ______ you ever eaten sushi
练习二:将下列句子改为现在完成时
1. I do my homework. → I ______ my homework.
2. She goes to Beijing. → She ______ to Beijing.
3. They see that movie. → They ______ that movie.
4. He reads the book. → He ______ the book.
5. We visit our grandparents. → We ______ our grandparents.
练习三:用for或since填空
1. I have known her ______ 2010.
2. They have lived here ______ five years.
3. She has been a teacher ______ she graduated.
4. We have waited ______ two hours.
5. He has worked in this company ______ last June.
练习四:选择already或yet填空
1. I have ______ finished my homework.
2. Have you seen that movie ______
3. She hasn't arrived ______.
4. They have ______ visited three countries this year.
5. Has your brother graduated from university ______
练习五:翻译句子
1. 我已经看过这部电影了。
2. 他们还没有完成作业。
3. 你曾经去过北京吗?
4. 她在这所学校教书已经十年了。
5. 我刚刚收到一封电子邮件。
练习六:改正句子中的错误
1. She has went to the library.
2. I have see that movie last week.
3. They has lived here for five years.
4. Have you ever been to Paris last year
5. He have just finished his work.
练习七:用现在完成时完成对话
A: ______ you ______ (finish) your homework yet
B: Yes, I ______. I ______ just ______ (complete) it.
A: How long ______ you ______ (work) on it
B: I ______ (spend) about two hours on it.
练习八:写作
用现在完成时写一段话(5-8句话),描述你最近完成的事情或经历。可以使用以下提示词:already, just, yet, never, before, for, since等。
六、答案
练习一: 1. have 2. has 3. have 4. have 5. Have
练习二: 1. have done 2. has gone 3. have seen 4. has read 5. have visited
练习三: 1. since 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. since
练习四: 1. already 2. yet 3. yet 4. already 5. yet
练习五: 1. I have already seen this movie.
2. They haven't finished their homework yet.
3. Have you ever been to Beijing
4. She has taught in this school for ten years.
5. I have just received an email.
练习六: 1. She has gone to the library.
2. I saw that movie last week. (用一般过去时)
3. They have lived here for five years.
4. Did you go to Paris last year (用一般过去时)
5. He has just finished his work.
练习七: A: Have you finished your homework yet
B: Yes, I have. I have just completed it.
A: How long have you worked on it
B: I have spent about two hours on it.
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