资源简介

UNIT 3　Back to the past
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　（2025·江苏新高考基地联考）Song Yingxing was a Chinese scientist and encyclopedist （百科全书编纂者） who lived during the late Ming Dynasty.The British biochemist and historian Joseph Needham called him “The Diderot of China”.
　　Song Yingxing was born in Fengxin County in Jiangxi Province in 1587.He took part in the second highest imperial examinations （科举考试） in Beijing six times， but failed to become a jinshi.After that， he decided to give up taking exams and turned to the practical knowledge of natural science.Then Song Yingxing spent four years teaching his students in his hometown.
　　Although it was a job like teaching， it was a very important stage in Song Yingxing’s life， because many of his works were written here.And Song Yingxing had been living in a secluded （隐居的） life in the past ten years.Because he didn’t want to be an official， Song Yingxing lived a very poor life in his later years.
　　He was the author of Tian Gong Kai Wu， an encyclopedia that covered a wide variety of technical subjects.As Joseph Needham has observed， the vast amount of accurately drawn illustrations in this encyclopedia dwarfed the amount provided in previous Chinese encyclopedias， making it a valuable written work in the history of Chinese literature.Tian Gong Kai Wu records all aspects of technology up to the mid-Ming period.The book constitutes a complete system of science and technology， and provides a systematic summary of ancient Chinese technology， the experience accumulated by China in agriculture， and China’s achievements in technology.
　　Many of the production techniques described in the book are still in use today.At the same time， Tian Gong Kai Wu broke from Chinese tradition by rarely referencing previous written work.It was instead written in a style strongly suggestive of personal experience.The book was translated into Japanese， French， English， German， Italian， and Russian， and was widely circulated in Europe and Japan.
　　In addition， Song Yingxing had made great achievements in many fields.His research was very extensive.In physics， he studied the occurrence of sound and， finally concluded that sound is transmitted in the air.
1.What can we learn about Song Yingxing from the text？（　　）
A.He adjusted the direction of life.　 B.He dreamed to be a great scientist.
C.He received a science education.　 D.He passed imperial examinations.
2.Which of the following can best describe Song’s teaching life？（　　）
A.Busy but satisfactory.　 B.Significant and rewarding.
C.Comfortable but worthless.　 D.Challenging and intolerant.
3.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “dwarfed” in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.Make something seem smaller.　 B.Apply something to practice.
C.Provide evidence of something.　 D.Take advantage of something.
4.What is one of the features of Tian Gong Kai Wu？（　　）
A.It provided abundant first-hand experience.　 B.It was written in multiple foreign languages.
C.It focused merely on agricultural technology.　 D.It largely referenced previous encyclopedias.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing， whether it’s a loud burst or years of exposure.Approximately 15 per cent of adults 18 years of age or older report some trouble hearing.5.（　　）The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life.
　　Get a baseline hearing test.Most people have never had a hearing test.6.（　　）At your next physical examination， ask for a hearing test as part of your routine check-up.A hearing test gives your audiologist a baseline that they can compare with future results to monitor the progression of hearing loss.
　　7.（　　） While you are watching TV or using mobile devices， keep the volume at a comfortable level.It should be loud enough to make sure you can hear very well， but not so loud that when you leave the room， you can still hear it from another part of your home.
　　Wear protective hearing devices.Think ear protection before you’re exposed to any noisy environment， such as rock concerts or airports.When you are in a noisy environment， wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones.8.（　　）
　　Have proper earphones.If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device， it’s a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal， and block outside noise.9.（　　）
A.The risk rises as we age.
B.Monitor the volume of your devices.
C.However， it benefits you to go against that trend.
D.Meanwhile， you will find the sound truly superior.
E.You can find them at your local drugstore or music supply shop.
F.Think about buying appliances and devices that have low noise ratings.
G.You must do something to keep age-related hearing loss from getting worse.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2025·南通、徐州联考）For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s， a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.　10　 ， Diana Trujillo has made it — she is a（n） 　11　 now， leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover.Born in 1983， even as a young girl， Diana was certain of her passion for science.When she was 17， her dad offered to send her to Miami， Florida to study Aerospace Engineering.Without any 　12　， she followed her dad’s 　13　.Arriving in the US with just $300， Trujillo had to 　14　 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.The 　15　 was definitely not easy， but Trujillo never complained.
　　Then came another 　16　 moment for Trujillo.One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.　17　 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 　18　 Trujillo’s career goals.So she 　19　 her studies in space science and 　20　 became the first Hispanic （拉丁裔的） woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007.Since then， Trujillo has worn many hats at America’s space agency.
　　But Diana hasn’t 　21　 there.She also leads by example 　22　 women to pursue careers in STEM fields.Her own story is a 　23　 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 　24　 the stars.
10.（　） A.Therefore　 B.Instead　　 C.However　 D.Moreover
11.（　） A.astronaut　 B.engineer　　 C.pilot　 D.doctor
12.（　） A.hesitation　 B.complaint　　 C.expectation　 D.promise
13.（　） A.command　 B.footstep　　 C.request　 D.suggestion
14.（　） A.go　 B.pass　　 C.struggle　 D.push
15.（　） A.mission　 B.career　　 C.adventure　 D.process
16.（　） A.risk-taking　 B.life-changing　　 C.time-consuming　 D.energy-saving
17.（　）A.Realizing　 B.Remembering　　 C.Imagining　 D.Assuming
18.（　） A.record　 B.share　　 C.inspire　 D.finish
19.（　） A.started　 B.abandoned　　 C.suspended　 D.continued
20.（　） A.immediately　 B.eventually　　 C.gradually　 D.suddenly
21.（　） A.left　 B.succeeded　　 C.stopped　 D.reached
22.（　） A.encouraging　 B.promising　　 C.allowing　 D.persuading
23.（　）A.symbol　 B.notice　　 C.warning　 D.reminder
24.（　）A.stare at　 B.reach for　　 C.long for　 D.come after
UNIT 3　Back to the past
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宋应星的生平、作品以及他在科技领域的贡献。
1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的He took part in the second highest imperial examinations ...turned to the practical knowledge of natural science.可推知，宋应星调整了生活的方向。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Although it was a job like teaching， it was a very important stage in Song Yingxing’s life， because many of his works were written here.可推知，宋应星的教学生活有着重大意义。
3.A　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后两句可知，《天工开物》比其他的书籍完美地记录了明中期以前的科技的各个方面，构成了一个完整的科学技术体系。因此以前的百科全书和它比较起来提供的信息量是较小的，画线单词意为“使某物看起来小一些”。
4.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的At the same time， Tian Gong Kai Wu broke from Chinese tradition by rarely referencing previous written work.可知，《天工开物》打破了中国传统，很少参考前人的著作。由此可知，天工开物的特色之一是它提供了丰富的第一手经验。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很大的噪声会严重损害你的听力，本文主要介绍了保护听力的一些具体方法。
5.A　空前讲很大的噪声会严重损害你的听力，大约15%的18岁或以上的成年人报告有听力障碍；空后的“好消息是，现在采取行动可能会保护你在以后的生活中免受听力丧失”进行逻辑转折，表示听力丧失是可以预防的。A项（随着我们年龄的增长，这种风险也在上升）与空前描述的听力丧失现象一致，进一步说明听力丧失风险会随着衰老而增加。
6.C　空前讲大多数人从未做过听力测试，空后讲下次体检时，你要求做听力测试。C项（然而，逆势而行对你有好处）表示进行听力测试对自己有好处，承上启下，与上文构成转折关系，同时又引出下文。C项中的that trend指代空前的Most people have never had a hearing test.这一趋势。
7.B　根据设空位置可知，空处为本段主旨句。空后讲“当你在看电视或使用移动设备时，把音量保持在一个舒适的水平”，建议监控音量大小来保护听力，B项（监控你设备的音量）可以概括本段。
8.E　空前讲“当你处于嘈杂的环境中，佩戴耳塞或防护耳机等听力保护设备”，E项（你可以在当地的药店或音乐用品店找到它们）表明如何购买这些物品，E项中的them指代空前一句中的protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones。
9.D　空前讲“如果你经常使用便携式音乐或视频设备戴着耳机听音乐，那么选择适合你耳道独特形状并能阻挡外界噪声的耳机是一个好主意”，建议人们选择合适的耳机。D项（与此同时，你会发现声音真的很优质）是对上一句的补充说明，表明选择合适耳机的另一个好处。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
10.C　根据上文For a little girl growing up ...like setting foot on a faraway planet.和下文Diana Trujillo has made it可知，对于Diana Trujillo这样身份的女性来说，在美国宇航局从事科学事业是不可及的事情，但她却做到了。上下文构成转折关系，应用However。
11.B　根据下文leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover可知，Diana Trujillo领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂，因此她应该是一名工程师。
12.A　根据上文Born in 1983， even as a young girl， Diana was certain of her passion for science.可知，Diana还是个小女孩的时候，就对科学充满了热情，因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的想法。without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。
13.D　根据上文her dad offered to send her to Miami， Florida to study Aerospace Engineering可知，此处指遵从父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。
14.C　根据上文with just $300和by doing a series of housekeeping jobs可知，Diana当时经济比较困难，得做很多家政工作来赚钱。由此可知，她是艰难地完成了学业。struggle through意为“艰难地度过”。
15.D　此处指Diana通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程不容易。
16.B　根据下文可知，Diana迎来了另一个改变人生的时刻。
17.A　根据语境可推知，教授不经意提到的一个他们都熟悉的宇航员让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。
18.C　根据she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut”可知，自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Diana的职业目标，让她继续努力学习。
19.D　根据上文to study Aerospace Engineering和下文became the first Hispanic （拉丁裔的） woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007可知，Diana一开始学的就是空间科学相关的专业，后来她真的被美国宇航局学院录取了，因此她是继续学习这个专业。
20.B　此处指她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的拉丁裔女性。
21.C　根据上文Since then ... space agency.和But可知，Diana并没有就此停止。
22.A　根据She also leads by example可知，Diana在以身作则，通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。
23.D　根据上文可知，在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师。她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒，告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。
24.B　此处是用Diana追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人，想要伸手去够星星的人，只要努力工作，就有大量的机会实现梦想。
3 / 3Part Ⅰ　一维重点突破
　　Last Sunday witnessed a speech about smoking quitting， which was held by my school.Although smoking is influential in damaging one’s health， the result of a recent survey astonished us. When interviewed， more than 90 per cent of the people on behalf of smokers acknowledged that they would smoke to amuse themselves where they were delayed.So 　　　　 （obvious）， it is a hard task to convince people that smoking is not only harmful to themselves but also to others.It is necessary to strengthen the publicity in this area.People should be helped to adopt a positive approach to quitting smoking. 微技能热身 1.①处“when＋过去分词”是　　　　　　　　　　，完整形式为　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。 2.②处应填　　　　　　。 3.句③中it作　　　　　　；be harmful to相当于　　　　　　，意为“　　　　　”。
influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①When discussing 　　　　　　（influence） modern artists， three names immediately come to mind.
②My teacher’s enthusiasm for learning influenced me 　　　　　　（read） more books.
【写美】 翻译句子
③（人教必修二）Ireland’s beautiful countryside 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　its people and traditions.
一直以来，爱尔兰的美丽乡村对当地的人民和传统产生着深远的影响。
【归纳】
（1）be influential in （doing） sth 　对（做）某事颇有影响
（2）influence vt.& n. 影响
influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事
under the influence of ... 在……的影响下
have （an） influence on/upon ... 对……有影响
【佳句】 It’s fascinating how it can influence not just our appearance， but also our health and personality.
它是如此迷人，它不仅可以影响我们的外表，还能影响我们的健康和性格。
acknowledge vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感谢
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Tom acknowledged 　　　　　（defeat） in the competition， which made us quite depressed. （心理描写）
②He is widely acknowledged 　　　　　（be） the best player in the world.
③Tai Chi is not only an ancient martial art， but has also been widely acknowledged 　　　　　　　an effective health exercise.
【写美】 完成句子
④（人教选必一）Their project got stuck.However，Tu Youyou 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。
【归纳】
（1）acknowledge （doing/having done） sth 承认（做了）某事　　
acknowledge ... to be/as ... 承认……是/为……
acknowledge that ... 承认……
It is acknowledged that ... ……是大家公认的
acknowledge receipt of sth 确认收到某物
（2）acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
【佳句】 It’s universally recognized that reading is beneficial to us in many ways.
＝It’s widely acknowledged that reading is beneficial to us in many ways.
人们普遍认为阅读在很多方面对我们有益。
strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强
【练通】 单句语法填空
①After a good night’s sleep， he felt he had the strength 　　　　　　（face） the challenges of the day.
②（人教选必二）All in all， studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while 　　　　　　　　（strong） China and building a shared future for all.
【写美】 完成句子
③When choosing a career， it’s important 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to find the best fit.
在选择职业时，重要的是要考虑自己的优势和劣势，以找到最适合的。
【归纳】
（1）strengthen the economy 加强经济
（2）strength n. 力气；力量；体力；优点
have the strength to do sth有力量/意志做某事
build up one’s strength/body 增强某人的体力
strength（s） and weakness（es）优势和劣势
【佳句】 After a long illness， she slowly started doing light exercises to build up her strength again.
久病之后，她慢慢地开始做一些轻微的运动来再次增强体力。
adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Many animal welfare organizations provide care and 　　　　　　（adopt） services for homeless animals.
【写美】 完成句子
②You should 　　　　　　　　　　　on how to improve your study methods.
你应该采纳他关于如何改进学习方法的建议。
③（北师大选必四）They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　from an orphanage as they need help on their farm.
他们申请从一家孤儿院领养一个男孩，因为他们的农场需要帮助。
【归纳】
（1）adopt one’s suggestions/advice 　采纳某人的建议
adopt a positive attitude to/towards ... 对……采取积极的态度
（2）adopted adj. 被收养的
（3）adoption n. 采用；采纳；收养
（4）adoptive adj. 有收养关系的
【佳句】 In order to make the city more beautiful， the government has adopted the citizens’ suggestions on environmental protection.
为了让城市更美丽，政府采纳了市民们关于环境保护的建议。
on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了
【练通】 单句语法填空
①In the 　　　　　　of all the staff， I welcome you to our company.
②（人教必修三）Naadam means “games” in Mongolian， and it 　　　　　　　　（represent） by three events： horse racing， wrestling， and archery， which are all so exciting to watch！
【写美】 完成句子
③She spoke 　　　　　　　at the meeting.
她在会议上代表他发言。
【归纳】
（1）on behalf of sb　　　代表（或代替）某人
on one’s behalf 代表某人
in one’s behalf 为帮助某人
（2）represent sb 代表某人
stand for 代表，象征
in the name of 代表；以……的名义
【佳句】 （外研选必二）It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
我很开心能代表“人与自然和谐相处协会”在这里发表演讲。
where引导地点状语从句
Today， the USS Arizona lies where it sank： in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。
【写美】 完成句子
①In my opinion， you’d better make a mark 　　　　　　　　　　　　　while reading.
依我看来，读书时你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。
②The bookstore 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is near my school.
我买我最喜欢小说的那个书店在我学校附近。
【归纳】
（1）地点状语从句在句中作状语，表示地点，主要由where、wherever 等引导；
（2）where 引导地点状语从句，意为 “在/到……的地方、位置”；wherever意为“无论何地”；
（3）注意区别where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句。
【佳句】 Where there is a will， there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
拟人
His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration， a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
他的航海开启了探险时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。
【写美】 完成句子
①Last Sunday 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which was held by my school. （短文报道）
上周日，我的学校举行了一场非凡的越野比赛。
②The 1980s 　　　　　　　　　　in people’s living standards.
20 世纪 80 年代，人们生活水平发生了巨大变化。
【归纳】
witness、 see、 find常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹/发生/经历”了某事。
【佳句】 （2024·全国甲卷）From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport， Chinese transport has seen enormous development.
从马车时代到如今便捷的交通，中国的交通已经有了巨大的发展。
Part Ⅱ　二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1.sink
A.vi.下沉，沉没　 B.vi.坐下 C.vt.使……沉没 D.n.洗涤槽，水槽
（1）（外研必修三）There is an old American saying， “Loose lips sink ships.” 　　　　　
（2）He sank down on the sofa and she heard him laughing. 　　　　　
（3）（北师大选必三）“Help， help！” I shouted，swimming towards the boat in desperation.I was sinking！ I couldn’t breathe！　　　　　
（4）Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. 　　　　　
2.dismiss
A.vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提　B.vt.去除，摒除　C.vt.解雇；解散
（1）Doctor’s explanation cannot dismiss their doubt about her disease. 　　　　　
（2）Under the statutes of the university they had no power to dismiss him. 　　　　　
（3）（外研选必四）Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars， it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 　　　　　
3.词义猜测
（1）The little girl who stayed at home alone froze with terror as the door slowly opened. 　　　　　
（2）Soon， the plot to murder the president was uncovered. 　　　　　
（3）If you have to care for your children at home，you can switch your shift with some of us. 　　　　　
（4）Then he got a saw （锯子） from the truck and cut a section out of a big log on the side of the road. 　　　　　
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Regardless 　　　　the fact that a large number of problems have arisen so far， he is determined to go on with the project.
2.There is no 　　　　　　（compare） between the two products in terms of quality.
3.We had to endure 　　　　　　（freeze） temperatures during our camping trip.
4.The movie contains some 　　　　　　（violence） scenes that may not be suitable for children.
5.The scientist’s research gained wide 　　　　　　　　（acknowledge） in the academic community.
6.（外研必修一）“Hi， I’m Meng Hao.” Everyone started laughing.I looked at them 　　　　panic.
7.The library is now a multimedia zone， 　　　　　　　　（load） with information in many formats.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.Sailors 　　　　　　　　（过去常常记录） their voyages to record details.
2.Zheng He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（中国最有影响力的探险家之一）.
3.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（表现出极大的兴趣） geography since he was a child.
4.The project 　　　　　　　　　　　（获得了资金支持） from the government.
5.They are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（正遭受食物短缺之苦） in the disaster area.
6.She 　　　　　　　　　（惊恐地尖叫起来） when she saw the snake.
Part Ⅲ　三维写作提能
议论文——圆明园是否应该重建
第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.40%的学生坚持认为圆明园应该重建，因为他们担心许多文物会因缺乏保护而损坏甚至消失。（insist；宾语从句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.相反，60%的学生反对重建圆明园的想法。（contrary）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.他们认为，现在的样子可以成为教育人们记住历史的最佳证据。（proof； hold the belief that ...）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.重建圆明园要花费大量的财力和人力。（financial）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.一些学生担心重建圆明园还可能会导致后代忘记它的历史。（lead to）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮词 情感描写：harmonious； panic； violently
动作描写：convince； insist； astonish； freeze； bleed
美句 ①Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours.In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot， legends have been passed on about this great explorer. （人物描写） ②The men went to the washroom， dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast. （动作描写） ③As bombs thundered all around，clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.Russell felt his blood freeze，but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck. （场景＋动作描写）
语言描写之“说”
词汇 美句
单词 ①add v.补充说 ②exclaim v.惊叫，呼喊 ③insist v.坚持说 ④chat v.& n.闲谈；聊天 ⑤whisper v.& n.小声说 ⑥murmur v.& n.喃喃地说 ⑦utter v.说；出声 ⑧howl/roar v.& n.怒吼 ⑨sigh v.& n.叹气 ⑩answer/reply v.& n.回答 ①“See， Jack， ” I whispered.“A small act of kindness can bring great joy to you and others.” Jack made no reply but from his hesitant look I could see he was struggling with an internal conflict. “看，杰克，”我低声说道，“一个小小的善举就能给自己和他人带来巨大的快乐。”杰克没有回答，但从他犹豫的表情中我能看出，他正在内心挣扎。 ②Mother stroked his hair， murmuring gently， “Don’t worry.You’ll be all right.” 妈妈抚摸着他的头发，温柔地低声说：“别担心。你会没事的。” （动词-ing短语作状语） ③On seeing the exciting scene，the girl exclaimed in delight. 一看到这令人兴奋的场景，女孩就高兴地叫了起来。（on doing ... ） ④So nervous was he that he could no longer utter a single word. 他紧张得一个字也说不出来了。（部分倒装）
词块 ①say in a low voice 低声说 ②scream in delight 高兴地叫出来 ③add softly 温柔地补充道 ④reply with a smile 微笑着回答 ⑤let out a loud voice 大叫/大声呼喊 ⑥scream/shout at the top of his voice大声尖叫 ⑦whisper a hurried goodbye 匆匆地低声说再见
情境导语 看着钢琴老师，我充满了期待……
第一步　完成句子
1.“请告诉我，”他用温柔的语气说，“有什么音乐你特别喜欢，这样我们就可以开始了。”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，“any music you do like so that we can start.” （语言描写）
2.我回答说，我喜欢那些我可以跟着曲调唱的歌曲。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　where I could follow the tune.（宾语从句）
3.他走到钢琴前，一会儿房间里就充满了熟悉的曲调。
He went to the piano， and in a moment， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（环境描写；被动语态）
4.然后他让我唱这首曲子，我拼命保持不跑调。
He then asked me to sing the tune， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（非限制性定语从句）
5.“你看！”他高兴地说。“你确实有辨音力！”
“You see！” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（语言描写；情感描写；强调谓语）
6.“好极了！”当我唱完曲子后他笑着说。
“Excellent！” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when I finished singing the tune.（语言描写）
第二步　连句成文
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　（2023·全国乙卷）
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania （c.1322） highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence， she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials （证明） of her ability as a doctor， she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian （1461－1554） was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships （学徒期） with doctors. However， Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511， Tan wrote a book， Sayings of a Female Doctor， describing her life as a physician.
James Barry （c.1789－1865） was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but， dressed as a man， she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813， then joined the British Army， serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859， having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler （1831－1895） worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later， she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865， where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common？（　　）
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners？（　　）
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree？（　　）
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1.physician n.　医生
2.surgeon n. 外科医生
3.retire v. 退休
4.medical adj. 医学的
5.degree n. 学位
6.slave n. 奴隶
（二）由文本积主题词块
1.practice medicine 从事医学工作；行医
2.official exam 官方考试
3.study medicine 学医
4.study in medical college 在医学院学习
5.receive a medical degree 获得医学学位
6.provide medical care 提供医疗护理
7.work as a nurse 从事护士工作
8.freed slaves 获得自由的奴隶们
（三）由文本知变式运用
1.学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）unlawfully adv.非法地 [前缀un-＋lawful （adj.）＋后缀-ly]
（2）life-saving adj.挽救生命的 [life（n.）＋saving （n.）]
（3）overseas adv.在海外 [over （adv.）＋seas （n.）]
（4）qualified adj.合格的 [qualify （v.）把y变i＋后缀-ed]
2.近义替换 （用文中词汇替换）
（1）highlights the doubt→　　　　　　（第一段）
（2）be prohibited from medicine→　　　　（第一段）
（3）her entire medical career→　　　　　　（第三段）
3.熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）treat [熟义]v.对待→[生义] v.　　　　　　　　　（第二段第四句）
（2）practice [熟义] n.做法；实践→[生义] v.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（第三段第三句）
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1.Born to a Jewish family in Florence， 　　　　　　　　　　（她搬到了巴黎） where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.（人物描写）
2.Tan Yunxian （1461－1554） was a Chinese physician who 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（从祖父母那里学得了技术）.（人物描写）
3.Barry retired in 1859， having practiced her entire medical profession 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（以男人的身份生活和工作）.（人物描写）
（五）由文本探析难句
　James Barry （c.1789－1865） was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but， dressed as a man， she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.
分析：这是一个由but连接的　　　　句。在第二个分句中过去分词短语作　　　　，动词不定式短语表示　　　　。
译文：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
UNIT 3　Back to the past
【考点·多维突破】
Part Ⅰ
考点新语境
[微技能热身]　1.状语从句的省略形式　When they were interviewed　2.obviously　3.形式主语　do harm to
对……有害
1.①influential　②to read
③has always had a great influence on
2.①being defeated　②to be　③as
④would not acknowledge defeat
3.①to face　②strengthening
③to consider your strengths and weaknesses
4.①adoption　②adopt his suggestions　③apply to adopt a boy
5.①name　②is represented　③on his behalf
6.①where you have any questions
②where I bought my favorite novel
7.①witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race
②saw great changes
Part Ⅱ
维度一
1.（1）C　（2）B　（3）A　（4）D
2.（1）B　（2）C　（3）A
3.（1）v.停住不动，惊呆　（2）n.阴谋　（3） n.轮班
（4）n.原木
维度二
Ⅰ.1.of　2.comparison　3.freezing　4.violent
5.acknowledgement　6.in　7.loaded
Ⅱ.1.used to keep logs of
2.one of China’s most influential explorers
3.has shown great interest in
4.received financial support
5.suffering from a shortage of food
6.screamed in horror
Part Ⅲ
应用文写作增分练
第一步
1.40% of the students insist that the Yuanmingyuan should be rebuilt because they are concerned that many cultural relics may be damaged or even disappear due to a lack of protection.
2.On the contrary， 60% of the students are against the idea of reconstructing it.
3.They hold the belief that what it is now can become the best proof for educating people to remember the history.
4.Rebuilding the Yuanmingyuan requires a significant amount of financial and human resources.
5.Some students are concerned that rebuilding the Yuanmingyuan may also lead to future generations forgetting its history.
第二步
　　40% of the students insist that the Yuanmingyuan should be rebuilt because they are concerned that many cultural relics may be damaged or even disappear due to a lack of protection.On the contrary， 60% of the students are against the idea of reconstructing it.First，they hold the belief that what it is now can become the best proof for educating people to remember the history.Besides，rebuilding the Yuanmingyuan requires a significant amount of financial and human resources.What’s more， some students are concerned that rebuilding the Yuan mingyuan may also lead to future generations forgetting its history.
读后续写微技能
第一步
1.“Tell me， please，” he said in a soft tone
2.replied that I liked the songs
3.the room was filled with the familiar tune
4.for which I tried desperately to stay in tune
5.he spoke with a delighted face.“You do have an ear！”
6.he remarked with a smile
第二步
　　“Tell me， please，” he said in a soft tone，“any music you do like so that we can start.”I replied that I liked the songs where I could follow the tune.He went to the piano， and in a moment， the room was filled with the familiar tune.He then asked me to sing the tune， for which I tried desperately to stay in tune.“You see！” he spoke with a delighted face.“You do have an ear！”“Excellent！” he remarked with a smile when I finished singing the tune.
【素养·培育落实】
一、做真题
21.C　推理判断题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分中的she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery和James Barry部分中的She qualified as a surgeon in 1813可知，这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术。
22.A　细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三位女医生的介绍中并未提到写书。
23.D　细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler部分中的she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的女性非裔美国人。
三、再利用
（三）2.（1）suspicion　（2）banned　（3）profession
3.（1）医治，治疗　（2）从事（医务工作、法律专业等），执业
（四）1.she moved to Paris
2.learned her skills from her grandparents
3.living and working as a man
（五）并列　状语　目的
James Barry （约1789－1865年）在爱尔兰出生，当时名为Margaret Bulkley。由于女扮男装，她被爱丁堡大学接收，学习医学。
9 / 9(共143张PPT)
UNIT 3　Back to the past
高中总复习·英语 (译林版)
01
晨背
积累沉淀
02
基础
夯实过关
03
考点
多维突破
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
04
素养
培育落实
05
技能
锤炼提升
1
晨背·积累沉淀
高效用时，积少成多
阅读词汇明义
快速一览
1. breadth n.宽度；广泛
2. voyage n.航海，航行，航天
vi.航行，远行
3. fleet n.舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
4. navigate vt.航行；导航vi.导航
5. compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规
6. log n.航海日志，正式记录；原木
vi.& vt.伐木
7. subsequent adj.随后的，后来的
8. minister n.大臣，部长
9. phrase n.成语，习语；短语，词组
10. format n.总体安排，设计；版式
11. eagle n.雕
12. hatch vt.密谋，策划；使孵出
vi.孵化；孵出
13. episode n.一段经历，片段；一集
14. plot n.阴谋；故事情节vi.& vt.密谋
15. textile n.纺织品；（textiles）纺织业
教材例句
16. （人教选必三）If Shackleton fails， will we have any hope of
rescue？ No.No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island， and no
one else knows that we are here. n.海军，海军部队
17. （外研选必二）MACQUARIE ISLAND： from Chaos to
Conservation n.混乱，杂乱
写作词汇运用
词块记忆
1. be loaded with china 满载着瓷器
2. trade routes 贸易路线
3. depart the platform at 12：00 12点离开站台
4. a gas leak 汽油泄漏
5. cause people in panic 使人们惊慌失措
6. regardless of all the challenges不顾所有的挑战
7. look across the shores of Lake Ontario 眺望安大略湖畔
8. the captain of the ship 船长
9. the Kingdom of England 英格兰王国
10. in the royal palace 在皇宫里
11. to facilitate a positive change为了促进积极改变
12. available resources 可利用的资源
13. put up some shelves in his bedroom在他的卧室里装了几个搁板
14. contrary to popular belief与普通的看法相反
15. go aboard 上船/车/飞机
16. wear school uniform 穿校服
17. a roll of thunder 雷声隆隆
18. drag ... away from 远离
19. be just left to sink or swim 让……自生自灭
20. reform the social system 改革社会体制
21. expand the output 提高产量
22. in the same clothes 穿着一模一样的衣服
23. shift from Paris to London 从巴黎移到伦敦
24. live in a cottage in the forest 住在森林里的一间小屋里
25. go to washroom 去一下洗手间
26. in the meanwhile 在这期间
语境记忆
27. dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；
解散
①dismiss their objections对他们的异议不予理会
②dismiss her fears排除她的恐惧
③run the risk of being dismissed冒着被开除的风险
28. dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水
①dive for its victim俯身扑向它的猎物
②dive into the history of ancient Rome潜心研究古罗马史
③dive into the river 跳进河里
写作词汇运用
语境记忆
29. pack vt.& vi.塞进，挤进；装（箱），收拾；打包；包装 n.包，
包裹；小盒，小包
①a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟
②pack a few things into a bag装进包里一些东西
③pack up the gifts把礼品包好
30. convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
I’m convinced that it would be a great opportunity to raise awareness
about environmental issues and engage more people in the cause. （社团
活动）
我相信这将是一个提高人们对环境问题的认识并让更多人参与这项事
业的大好机会。
31. strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强
The experience of preparing for and taking the exams strengthened the
bond between Sam and Emily.准备和参加考试的经历加强了萨姆和艾
米丽之间的联系。
32. insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his
weaknesses， though he tripped over within a few kilometers.大卫坚持跑步，好像他已经忘记了所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内就被绊倒了。
派生词汇识记
1. harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmony n.和谐，
协调
2. proof n.证据，证明→prove vt.证明；检验；显示 vi.证明是
3. acknowledge vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感
谢→acknowledgement n.承认；确认；感谢
4. influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n.影响
（力）；有影响的人或事 vt.影响
5. financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n.金融；财政
6. shortage n.不足，短缺→short adj.短的；不足的；矮的，低的
→shorten vt.缩短；减少；变短 vi.缩短；变短
7. astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的
→astonishment n.惊讶；震惊→astonished adj.感到惊讶的
8. literary adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→literature n.文学；文
献；著作
9. extensively adv.广阔地；广泛地→extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
→extension n.扩展；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；广泛的
10. exceptional adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception n.
例外
11. adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养
→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n.收养；采用
12. comparison n.对比；比较→compare v.比较；对比；与……类
似；将……比作
13. violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地
→violence n.暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的
14. freeze vi.& vt.（froze， frozen）突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵
→freezing adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的→frozen adj.冻结的；冷
冻的
15. memorial n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物→memorize vt.记住，背
熟；记忆→memory n.记性，记忆力；内存，存储器；回忆
1.以“-ial”为后缀的形容词集锦
①influential 有影响力的
②beneficial 有益的
③commercial 商业的
④financial 财政的，金融的，财务的
⑤initial 最初的
⑥social 社会的
2.盘点“一字之差”的单词
①adapt适应→adopt收养
②affect影响→effect影响；效果
③sweat汗水→sweet甜的
④expand扩张→expend花费
⑤content内容→context上下文
⑥steal偷→steel钢
⑦altitude 海拔→attitude 态度
3.“动词＋out”类短语聚焦
①sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好
②turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产
③burst out 突然迸发；爆发
④make out 辨认出
⑤break out 突然开始；爆发
⑥die out 灭绝；消失
⑦bring out 使显出；阐明；出版；生产
1. on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了
2. regardless of 不管，不顾
3. allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内
4. sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好
5. contrary to 与……相反
6. have an impact on 对……有影响
7. pass on 传递；传下去
8. in the distance 在远处
9. get in touch with 和……取得联系
10. declare war on/against 对……宣战，向……宣战
11. in panic 惊慌失措地
12. be loaded with 装载着
13. set foot on 踏上
14. on board 在船（飞机、火车）上
15. open up 直抒胸臆，畅所欲言
16. cottage industry 家庭手工业
17. keep logs of their voyages 记录他们的航海日志
18. one of China’s most influential explorers
中国最有影响力的探险家之一
19. show great interest in geography 对地理表现出极大的兴趣
20. receive financial support 获得资金支持
21. a shortage of food 食物短缺
22. dressed in their uniforms 穿着他们的制服
23. in horror 惊恐地
e to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉
1. 句式：as引导时间状语从句
原句：As they sailed， the navigators took compass readings， kept logs
of their voyages and charted the coast.
当他们航行时，航海员记录罗盘读数，记录航行日志，绘制海岸图。
2. 句式：with复合结构
原句：On 3 August 1492， he departed from Spain with three ships
carrying about 90 crewmen.
1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。
3. 句式：that引导表语从句
原句：The major contribution of this great explorer is that he
“discovered” the New World.
这位伟大探险家最大的贡献是“发现”新大陆。
4. 句式：where引导地点状语从句
原句：Today， the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle of the
Pacific Ocean.
今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平
洋中央。
　　The book on the bookshelf tells the story of a terrifying voyage.
One night，a violent hurricane hit them.All the crew aboard got into
a panic.Meanwhile，the ship began to leak as if it would sink at
once.Some of the crew even intended to dive into the sea.Contrary to the
panicked crew，the captain remained calm in the chaos.He convinced
the crew that he would manage to keep everyone out of danger and he
succeeded，which greatly astonished all of them.This was an
unforgettable incident in their lives.The captain was acknowledged as the
most exceptional captain by the crew.
2
基础·夯实过关
默写查验，巧学活用
（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快
阅读单词知意
请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。
□1.breadth n.宽度；广泛
□2.voyage n.航海，航行，航天 vi.航行，远行
□3.fleet n.舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
□4.navigate vt.航行；导航
vi.导航
□5.compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规
□6.log n.航海日志，正式记录；原木
vi.& vt.伐木
□7.subsequent adj.随后的，后来的
□8.prison n.监狱
□9.minister n.大臣，部长
□10.phrase n.成语，习语；短语，词组
□11.format n.总体安排，设计；版式
□12.eagle n.雕
□13.chaos n.混乱，杂乱
□14.navy n.海军，海军部队
□15.hatch vt.密谋，策划；使孵出
vi.孵化；孵出
□16.episode n.一段经历，片段；一集
□17.textile n.纺织品；（textiles）纺织业
核心单词练通
1. vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
2. vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
3. vi.& vt.离开，起程
4. adv.不顾，不加理会
5. n.岸，滨
6. n.船长，机长；上校；队长
7. n.王国；管辖范围
8. adj.盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的
9. n.坟墓
convince　
insist　
depart　
regardless　
shore　
captain　
kingdom　
royal　
tomb　
10. vt.使便利，促进
11. n.（pl.shelves）（书架等的）架子，搁板
12. adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
13. n.洗手间，厕所
14. n.制服；队服adj.一致的，统一的
15. vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水
16. vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷n.雷，雷声
17. vi.（bled，bled）失血，流血
18. n.阴谋；故事情节 vi.& vt.密谋
19. n.织物，布料
facilitate　
shelf　
contrary　
washroom　
uniform　
dive　
thunder　
bleed　
plot　
cloth
20. n.改变，转移；轮班 vi.& vt.（使）移动，（使）转
移；改变
21. n.小屋，村舍
shift　
cottage　
单词拼写
1. （2024·北京卷）Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural
patterns regarding safe （路线） home， efficient food
gathering and dangers to avoid.
2. （人教选必一）Many of these new innovations are
already （可获得的） and being used in some homes.
3. （外研必修二）Students in New York City， （同
时），have since 2016 been able to enjoy an official day’s holiday for
Chinese Spring Festival.
routes　
available　
meanwhile　
4. （人教选必三）But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along
with them that I secretly went （上船） his ship， the
Endurance， and hid in a small cupboard.
5. When I learned that I failed the exam， my heart （下
沉）.
6. （装上） with heavy goods， the truck ran very slowly.
7. He reached out a hand， grabbed her arm and （拽） her
back.
aboard　
sank/sunk　
Loaded　
dragged　
8. The explosion was said to be caused by a （泄漏） gas
pipe.
9. The whole class （惊慌） when the teacher said that
there would be a quiz today.
10. The case was （不予考虑） on the grounds that there
was not enough evidence.
11. Government statistics show the largest drop in industrial
（产量） for ten years.
leaking　
panicked　
dismissed　
output　
拓展单词用活
记全记牢
1. n.证据，证明→ vt.证明；检验；显示 vi.证明是
2. vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公
开）感谢→ n.承认；确认；感谢
3. n.不足，短缺→ adj.短的；不足的；矮的，
低的→ vt.缩短；减少；变短 vi.缩短；变短
4. adj.文学的；文学上的；爱好文学的→ n.
文学；文献；著作
proof　
prove
acknowledge　
acknowledgement
shortage　
short　
shorten
literary　
literature　
5. adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的
→ n.例外
6. n.对比；比较→ vt.作比较，对比
7. adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地
→ n.暴力；暴行→ adj.暴力的；猛烈的
8. n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物→ vt.记住，
背熟；记忆→ n.记性，记忆力；内存，存储器；回忆
exceptional
exception　
comparison　
compare　
violently　
violence　
violent
memorial
memorize
memory　
用准用活
1. She had much difficulty then， so she took a job
to her further education in a university.（finance）
2. It is outside now， and snow is falling on
already streets.（freeze）
3. He has a will and many .So we
should the relationship with him.（strong）
4. To my great ， they weren’t at
the news at all.（astonish）
financial　
finance　
freezing　
frozen　
strong　
strengths
strengthen　
astonishment　
astonished　
astonishing　
5. The painter is one of the most figures in art circles，
who has a great on Chinese paintings.（influence）
6. Developments in South Africa receive coverage in The
Sunday Telegraph and all the issues have been researched
in recent years.（extend）
7. Mr White is the son of Mrs Green， who
him when his parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her ， Mr
White could receive a good education and became an engineer.（adopt）
8. If everyone can live in with others， our society will
become more .（harmony）
influential　
influence　
extensive　
extensively　
adopted　
adopted　
adoption　
harmony　
harmonious　
（二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效
第一组
1. 　代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了
2. 　不管，不顾
3. 　使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内
4. 　理顺，整理；把……安排好
5. 　与……相反
6. 　家庭手工业
7. 　对……宣战，向……宣战
8. 　惊慌失措地
on behalf of　
regardless of　
allow for　
sort out　
contrary to　
cottage industry　
declare war on/against　
in panic　
第二组
1. 　装载着
2. 　对……有影响
3. 　传递；传下去
4. 　在远处
5. 　和……取得联系
6. 　踏上
7. 　在船（飞机、火车）上
8. 　直抒胸臆，畅所欲言
be loaded with　
have an impact on　
pass on　
in the distance　
get in touch with　
set foot on　
on board　
open up　
选用上面短语填空
1. （人教选必三）This alarming case showed how the increase in
temperature Earth’s ecology.
2. （外研选必二）Good morning， everyone.It is my great pleasure to
give a lecture here the Be at One with Nature
Association.
3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped between the
floors.People in it had no way out and were .
had an impact on　
on behalf of　
in panic　
4. Smiling is a language that everyone understands
age， race， culture， language， and nationality.
5. She bought a slightly larger size to shrinkage （缩水）.
6. This is the first time I have left my country and foreign
soil.
regardless of　
allow for
set foot on　
（三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 句式仿写
1.句型公式：where引导限制性定语从句 教材原句：In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot，legends have been passed on about this great explorer. 1.（2024·1月浙江卷） 然后，她集中精力慢跑到跑道拐弯的地方。
Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot .
where the track curved　
句型公式 句式仿写
2.句型公式：that引导表语从句 教材原句：The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World. 2.我的优势是我英语说得很流利。
My strength
.
is that I speak English
fluently　
句型公式 句式仿写
3.句型公式：witness拟人用法 教材原句：His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration， a period which witnessed many important geographical findings. 3.过去的几十年见证了中国交通的巨大发展，让中国人获得了不同的旅行方式。
The past decades

， giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
have witnessed
enormous development of Chinese
transport　
3
考点·多维突破
精讲精练，突破重难
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
　　Last Sunday witnessed a speech about smoking quitting，
which was held by my school.Although smoking is influential in damaging one’s health， the result of a recent survey astonished us. When
interviewed， more than 90 per cent of the people on behalf of smokers
acknowledged that they would smoke to amuse themselves where they
were delayed.So 　　 （obvious）， it is a hard task to convince
people that smoking is not only harmful to themselves but also to others.It
is necessary to strengthen the publicity in this area.People should be
helped to adopt a positive approach to quitting smoking.
微技能热身
1. ①处“when＋过去分词”是 ，完整形式
为 。
2. ②处应填 。
3. 句③中it作 ；be harmful to相当于 ，意
为“ ”。
状语从句的省略形式　
When they were interviewed　
obviously　
形式主语　
do harm to　
对……有害　
influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①When discussing （influence） modern artists， three
names immediately come to mind.
②My teacher’s enthusiasm for learning influenced me
（read） more books.
influential　
to read　
【写美】 完成句子
③（人教必修二）Ireland’s beautiful countryside
its people and traditions.
一直以来，爱尔兰的美丽乡村对当地的人民和传统产生着深远的
影响。
has always had a
great influence on　
【归纳】
（1）be influential in （doing） sth　对（做）某事颇有影响
（2）influence vt.& n.　　影响
influence sb to do sth　　影响某人做某事
under the influence of ... 　　在……的影响下
have （an） influence on/upon ...　　对……有影响
【佳句】 It’s fascinating how it can influence not just our appearance，
but also our health and personality.
它是如此迷人，它不仅可以影响我们的外表，还能影响我们的健康和
性格。
acknowledge vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感
谢
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Tom acknowledged （defeat） in the competition，
which made us quite depressed.（心理描写）
②He is widely acknowledged （be） the best player in the
world.
③Tai Chi is not only an ancient martial art， but has also been widely
acknowledged an effective health exercise.
being defeated　
to be　
as　
【写美】 完成句子
④（人教选必一）Their project got stuck.However，Tu
Youyou .
他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。
would not acknowledge defeat　
【归纳】
（1）acknowledge （doing/having done） sth 承认（做了）某事　　
acknowledge ... to be/as ... 　承认……是/为……
acknowledge that ...　　承认……
It is acknowledged that ... 　　……是大家公认的
acknowledge receipt of sth　　确认收到某物
（2）acknowledgement n.　　承认；感谢
【佳句】 It’s universally recognized that reading is beneficial to us in
many ways.
＝It’s widely acknowledged that reading is beneficial to us in many
ways.
人们普遍认为阅读在很多方面对我们有益。
strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强
【练通】 单句语法填空
①After a good night’s sleep， he felt he had the strength
（face） the challenges of the day.
②（人教选必二）All in all， studying abroad helps to build character
and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity
while （strong） China and building a shared future
for all.
to face　
strengthening　
【写美】 完成句子
③When choosing a career， it’s important
to find the best fit.
在选择职业时，重要的是要考虑自己的优势和劣势，以找到最适
合的。
to consider your strengths
and weaknesses　
【归纳】
（1）strengthen the economy 加强经济
（2）strength n.　　力气；力量；体力；优点
have the strength to do sth　　有力量/意志做某事
build up one’s strength/body　　增强某人的体力
strength（s） and weakness（es）　　优势和劣势
【佳句】 After a long illness， she slowly started doing light exercises to
build up her strength again.
久病之后，她慢慢地开始做一些轻微的运动来再次增强体力。
adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Many animal welfare organizations provide care and
（adopt） services for homeless animals.
adoption　
【写美】 完成句子
②You should on how to improve your study
methods.
你应该采纳他关于如何改进学习方法的建议。
③（北师大选必四）They from an orphanage
as they need help on their farm.
他们申请从一家孤儿院领养一个男孩，因为他们的农场需要帮助。
adopt his suggestions　
apply to adopt a boy　
【归纳】
（1）adopt one’s suggestions/advice　　采纳某人的建议
adopt a positive attitude to/towards ...　　对……采取积极的态度
（2）adopted adj.　　被收养的
（3）adoption n.　　采用；采纳；收养
（4）adoptive adj.　　有收养关系的
【佳句】 In order to make the city more beautiful， the government has
adopted the citizens’ suggestions on environmental protection.
为了让城市更美丽，政府采纳了市民们关于环境保护的建议。
on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了
【练通】 单句语法填空
①In the of all the staff， I welcome you to our company.
②（人教必修三）Naadam means “games” in Mongolian， and it
（represent） by three events： horse racing， wrestling，
and archery， which are all so exciting to watch！
name　
is
represented　
【写美】 完成句子
③She spoke at the meeting.
她在会议上代表他发言。
on his behalf
【归纳】
（1）on behalf of sb　　　代表（或代替）某人
on one’s behalf　　代表某人
in one’s behalf　　为帮助某人
（2）represent sb　　代表某人
stand for　　代表，象征
in the name of　　代表；以……的名义
【佳句】 （外研选必二）It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on
behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
我很开心能代表“人与自然和谐相处协会”在这里发表演讲。
where引导地点状语从句
Today， the USS Arizona lies where it sank： in the middle of the
Pacific Ocean.
今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平
洋中央。
【写美】 完成句子
①In my opinion， you’d better make a mark
while reading.
依我看来，读书时你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。
②The bookstore is near my school.
我买我最喜欢小说的那个书店在我学校附近。
where you have any
questions
where I bought my favorite novel　
【归纳】
（1）地点状语从句在句中作状语，表示地点，主要由where、
wherever 等引导；
（2）where 引导地点状语从句，意为 “在/到……的地方、位置”；
wherever意为“无论何地”；
（3）注意区别where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句。
【佳句】 Where there is a will， there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
拟人
His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration， a
period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
他的航海开启了探险时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。
【写美】 完成句子
①Last Sunday
， which was held by my school.（短文报道）
上周日，我的学校举行了一场非凡的越野比赛。
②The 1980s in people’s living standards.
20 世纪 80 年代，人们生活水平发生了巨大变化。
witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running
race　
saw great changes　
【归纳】
witness、 see、 find常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主
语，表示某时或某地“目睹/发生/经历”了某事。
【佳句】 （2024·全国甲卷）From the vehicle of horses to today’s
convenient transport， Chinese transport has seen enormous
development.
从马车时代到如今便捷的交通，中国的交通已经有了巨大的发展。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1. sink
A. vi.下沉，沉没 B. vi.坐下
C. vt.使……沉没 D. n.洗涤槽，水槽
（1）（外研必修三）There is an old American saying， “Loose lips
sink ships.”
（2）He sank down on the sofa and she heard him laughing.

C　
B　
（3）（北师大选必三）“Help， help！” I shouted，swimming
towards the boat in desperation.I was sinking！ I couldn’t
breathe！
（4）Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of
bread.
A　
D　
2. dismiss
A. vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提 B. vt.去除，摒除
C. vt.解雇；解散
（1）Doctor’s explanation cannot dismiss their doubt about her
disease.
（2）Under the statutes of the university they had no power to dismiss
him.
（3）（外研选必四）Although his theory has been dismissed by
scholars， it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation
are among people.
B　
C　
A　
3. 词义猜测
（1）The little girl who stayed at home alone froze with terror as the door
slowly opened.
（2）Soon， the plot to murder the president was uncovered.

（3）If you have to care for your children at home，you can switch your
shift with some of us.
（4）Then he got a saw （锯子） from the truck and cut a section out of a
big log on the side of the road.
v.停住不动，惊呆　
n.阴谋　
n.轮班　
n.原木　
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Regardless the fact that a large number of problems have arisen
so far， he is determined to go on with the project.
2. There is no （compare） between the two products in
terms of quality.
3. We had to endure （freeze） temperatures during our
camping trip.
of　
comparison　
freezing　
4. The movie contains some （violence） scenes that may
not be suitable for children.
violent　
5. The scientist’s research gained wide
（acknowledge） in the academic community.
6. （外研必修一）“Hi， I’m Meng Hao.” Everyone started
laughing.I looked at them panic.
7. The library is now a multimedia zone， （load） with
information in many formats.
acknowledgement　
in　
loaded　
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. Sailors （过去常常记录） their voyages to
record details.
2. Zheng He is （中国最
有影响力的探险家之一）.
3. He （表现出极大的兴趣） geography
since he was a child.
4. The project （获得了资金支持） from
the government.
used to keep logs of　
one of China’s most influential explorers　
has shown great interest in　
received financial support　
5. They are （正遭受食物短缺之
苦） in the disaster area.
6. She （惊恐地尖叫起来） when she saw the
snake.
suffering from a shortage of food　
screamed in horror　
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
议论文——圆明园是否应该重建
第一步　练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.40%的学生坚持认为圆明园应该重建，因为他们担心许多文物会因
缺乏保护而损坏甚至消失。（insist；宾语从句）



40% of the students insist that the Yuanmingyuan should be rebuilt because
they are concerned that many cultural relics may be damaged or even
disappear due to a lack of protection.
2. 相反，60%的学生反对重建圆明园的想法。（contrary）


3. 他们认为，现在的样子可以成为教育人们记住历史的最佳证据。
（proof； hold the belief that ...）


On the contrary， 60% of the students are against the idea of
reconstructing it.
They hold the belief that what it is now can become the best proof for
educating people to remember the history.
4. 重建圆明园要花费大量的财力和人力。（financial）


5. 一些学生担心重建圆明园还可能会导致后代忘记它的历史。（lead
to）


Rebuilding the Yuanmingyuan requires a significant amount of financial
and human resources.
Some students are concerned that rebuilding the Yuanmingyuan may also
lead to future generations forgetting its history.
第二步　组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
　　








　　 　40% of the students insist that the Yuanmingyuan should be rebuilt
because they are concerned that many cultural relics may be damaged or
even disappear due to a lack of protection.On the contrary， 60% of the
students are against the idea of reconstructing it.First，they hold the belief
that what it is now can become the best proof for educating people to
remember the history.Besides，rebuilding the Yuanmingyuan requires a
significant amount of financial and human resources.What’s more，
some students are concerned that rebuilding the Yuanmingyuan may also
lead to future generations forgetting its history.　
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮 词 情感描写：harmonious； panic； violently
动作描写：convince； insist； astonish； freeze； bleed
美 句 ①Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours.In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot， legends have been passed on about this great explorer.（人物描写）
②The men went to the washroom， dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast.（动作描写）
③As bombs thundered all around，clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.Russell felt his blood freeze，but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.（场景＋动作描写）
语言描写之“说”
词汇
单
词 ①add v.补充说 ②exclaim v.惊叫，呼喊
③insist v.坚持说 ④chat v.& n.闲谈；聊天
⑤whisper v.& n.小声说 ⑥murmur v.& n.喃喃地说
⑦utter v.说；出声 ⑧howl/roar v.& n.怒吼
⑨sigh v.& n.叹气 ⑩answer/reply v.& n.回答
词汇
词
块 ①say in a low voice 低声说
②scream in delight 高兴地叫出来
③add softly 温柔地补充道
④reply with a smile 微笑着回答
⑤let out a loud voice 大叫/大声呼喊
⑥scream/shout at the top of his voice大声尖叫
⑦whisper a hurried goodbye匆匆地低声说再见
美句
①“See， Jack，” I whispered.“A small act of kindness can bring great joy to you and others.” Jack made no reply but from his hesitant look I could see he was struggling with an internal conflict.
“看，杰克，”我低声说道，“一个小小的善举就能给自己和他人带来巨大的快乐。”杰克没有回答，但从他犹豫的表情中我能看出，他正在内心挣扎。
美句
②Mother stroked his hair， murmuring gently， “Don’t worry.
You’ll be all right.”妈妈抚摸着他的头发，温柔地低声说：“别担心。你会没事的。”（动词-ing短语作状语）
③On seeing the exciting scene，the girl exclaimed in delight.
一看到这令人兴奋的场景，女孩就高兴地叫了起来。（on doing ... ）
④So nervous was he that he could no longer utter a single word.
他紧张得一个字也说不出来了。（部分倒装）
情境导语 看着钢琴老师，我充满了期待……
第一步　完成句子
1. “请告诉我，”他用温柔的语气说，“有什么音乐你特别喜欢，这
样我们就可以开始了？”
，“any music you do
like so that we can start.” （语言描写）
“Tell me， please，” he said in a soft tone　
2. 我回答说，我喜欢那些我可以跟着曲调唱的歌曲。
I where I could follow the tune.（宾语
从句）
3. 他走到钢琴前，一会儿房间里就充满了熟悉的曲调。
He went to the piano， and in a moment，
.（环境描写；被动语态）
4. 然后他让我唱这首曲子，我拼命保持不跑调。
He then asked me to sing the tune，
.（非限制性定语从句）
replied that I liked the songs　
the room was filled with the
familiar tune　
for which I tried desperately to stay
in tune　
5. “你看！”他高兴地说。“你确实有辨音力！”
“You see！”
（语言描写；情感描写；强调谓语）
6. “好极了！”当我唱完曲子后他笑着说。
“Excellent！” when I finished singing
the tune.（语言描写）
he spoke with a delighted face.“You do have an
ear！”　
he remarked with a smile　
第二步　连句成文
　　






　　 　“Tell me， please，” he said in a soft tone，“any music you
do like so that we can start.”I replied that I liked the songs where I could
follow the tune.He went to the piano， and in a moment， the room was
filled with the familiar tune.He then asked me to sing the tune， for which
I tried desperately to stay in tune.“You see！” he spoke with a delighted
face.“You do have an ear！”“Excellent！” he remarked with a smile
when I finished singing the tune.　
4
素养·培育落实
真题剖析，深度探究
　　（2023·全国乙卷）
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania （c.1322） highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence， she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials （证明） of her ability as a doctor， she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian （1461－1554） was a Chinese physician who learned her
skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve
apprenticeships （学徒期） with doctors. However， Tan passed the
official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511， Tan
wrote a book， Sayings of a Female Doctor， describing her life as a
physician.
James Barry （c.1789－1865） was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland
but， dressed as a man， she was accepted by Edinburgh University to
study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813， then joined the
British Army， serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859， having practiced
her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler （1831－1895） worked as a nurse for eight
years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years
later， she was the first African American woman to receive a medical
degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865， where she provided medical care
to freed slaves.
21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common？（　　）
A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine.
解析：　推理判断题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分中的
she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed
surgery和James Barry部分中的She qualified as a surgeon in 1813可知，
这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术。
√
22. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners？
（　　）
A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education.
√
解析：　细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从
小跟着爷爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女
性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生
涯。其他三位女医生的介绍中并未提到写书。
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree？（　　）
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler部分中的she was
the first African American woman to receive a medical degree可知，
Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的女性非裔美国人。
√
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. physician n. 医生
2. surgeon n. 外科医生
3. retire v. 退休
4. medical adj. 医学的
5. degree n. 学位
6. slave n. 奴隶
（二）由文本积主题词块
1. practice medicine 从事医学工作；行医
2. official exam 官方考试
3. study medicine 学医
4. study in medical college 在医学院学习
5. receive a medical degree 获得医学学位
6. provide medical care 提供医疗护理
7. work as a nurse 从事护士工作
8. freed slaves 获得自由的奴隶们
（三）由文本知变式运用
1. 学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）unlawfully adv.非法地 [前缀un-＋lawful （adj.）＋后缀-ly]
（2）life-saving adj.挽救生命的 [life（n.）＋saving （n.）]
（3）overseas adv.在海外 [over （adv.）＋seas （n.）]
（4）qualified adj.合格的 [qualify （v.）把y变i＋后缀-ed]
2. 近义替换 （用文中词汇替换）
（1）highlights the doubt→ （第一段）
（2）be prohibited from medicine→ （第一段）
（3）her entire medical career→ （第三段）
suspicion　
banned　
profession　
3. 熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）treat [熟义]v.对待→[生义] v. （第二段第
四句）
（2）practice [熟义] n.做法；实践→[生义] v.
（第三段第三句）
医治，治疗　
从事（医务工作、
法律专业等），执业　
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1. Born to a Jewish family in Florence， （她搬
到了巴黎） where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.（人
物描写）
2. Tan Yunxian （1461－1554） was a Chinese physician who
（从祖父母那里学得了技术）.（人
物描写）
3. Barry retired in 1859， having practiced her entire medical
profession （以男人的身份生活和工
作）.（人物描写）
she moved to Paris　
learned
her skills from her grandparents　
living and working as a man　
（五）由文本探析难句
　James Barry （c.1789－1865） was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland
but， dressed as a man， she was accepted by Edinburgh University to
study medicine.
分析：这是一个由but连接的 句。在第二个分句中过去分词短
语作 ，动词不定式短语表示 。
译文：


并列　
状语　
目的　
James Barry （约1789－1865年）在爱尔兰出生，当时名
为Margaret Bulkley。由于女扮男装，她被爱丁堡大学接收，学习
医学。　
5
技能·锤炼提升
统筹组合，全面训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　（2025·江苏新高考基地联考）Song Yingxing was a Chinese
scientist and encyclopedist （百科全书编纂者） who lived during the late
Ming Dynasty.The British biochemist and historian Joseph Needham
called him “The Diderot of China”.
　　Song Yingxing was born in Fengxin County in Jiangxi Province in
1587.He took part in the second highest imperial examinations （科举考
试） in Beijing six times， but failed to become a jinshi.After that， he
decided to give up taking exams and turned to the practical knowledge of
natural science.Then Song Yingxing spent four years teaching his students
in his hometown.
　　Although it was a job like teaching， it was a very important stage in
Song Yingxing’s life， because many of his works were written
here.And Song Yingxing had been living in a secluded （隐居的） life in
the past ten years.Because he didn’t want to be an official， Song
Yingxing lived a very poor life in his later years.
　　He was the author of Tian Gong Kai Wu， an encyclopedia that
covered a wide variety of technical subjects.As Joseph Needham has
observed， the vast amount of accurately drawn illustrations in this
encyclopedia dwarfed the amount provided in previous Chinese
encyclopedias， making it a valuable written work in the history of
Chinese literature.Tian Gong Kai Wu records all aspects of technology up
to the mid-Ming period.The book constitutes a complete system of science
and technology， and provides a systematic summary of ancient Chinese
technology， the experience accumulated by China in agriculture， and
China’s achievements in technology.
　 Many of the production techniques described in the book are still in
use today.At the same time， Tian Gong Kai Wu broke from Chinese
tradition by rarely referencing previous written work.It was instead written
in a style strongly suggestive of personal experience.The book was
translated into Japanese， French， English， German， Italian， and
Russian， and was widely circulated in Europe and Japan.
　　In addition， Song Yingxing had made great achievements in many
fields.His research was very extensive.In physics， he studied the
occurrence of sound and， finally concluded that sound is transmitted in
the air.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宋应星的生平、作
品以及他在科技领域的贡献。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宋应星的生平、作
品以及他在科技领域的贡献。
1. What can we learn about Song Yingxing from the text？（　　）
A. He adjusted the direction of life.
B. He dreamed to be a great scientist.
C. He received a science education.
D. He passed imperial examinations.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中的He took part in the second
highest imperial examinations ...turned to the practical knowledge of
natural science.可推知，宋应星调整了生活的方向。
√
2. Which of the following can best describe Song’s teaching life？
（　　）
A. Busy but satisfactory.
B. Significant and rewarding.
C. Comfortable but worthless.
D. Challenging and intolerant.
√
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Although it was a job like
teaching， it was a very important stage in Song Yingxing’s life，
because many of his works were written here.可推知，宋应星的教学生
活有着重大意义。
3. What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “dwarfed” in
Paragraph 4？（　　）
A. Make something seem smaller.
B. Apply something to practice.
C. Provide evidence of something.
D. Take advantage of something.
√
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后两句可知，《天工开物》比
其他的书籍完美地记录了明中期以前的科技的各个方面，构成了一个
完整的科学技术体系。因此以前的百科全书和它比较起来提供的信息
量是较小的，画线单词意为“使某物看起来小一些”。
4. What is one of the features of Tian Gong Kai Wu？（　　）
A. It provided abundant first-hand experience.
B. It was written in multiple foreign languages.
C. It focused merely on agricultural technology.
D. It largely referenced previous encyclopedias.
√
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的At the same time，
Tian Gong Kai Wu broke from Chinese tradition by rarely
referencing previous written work.可知，《天工开物》打破了中
国传统，很少参考前人的著作。由此可知，天工开物的特色之一
是它提供了丰富的第一手经验。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing， whether it’s a loud burst or years of exposure.Approximately 15 per cent of adults 18 years of age or older report some trouble hearing.5.（　　）The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life.
　　Get a baseline hearing test.Most people have never had a hearing test.
6.（　　）At your next physical examination， ask for a hearing test as part of your routine check-up.A hearing test gives your audiologist a baseline that they can compare with future results to monitor the progression of hearing loss.
　　7. （　　） While you are watching TV or using mobile devices，
keep the volume at a comfortable level.It should be loud enough to make
sure you can hear very well， but not so loud that when you leave the
room， you can still hear it from another part of your home.
　　Wear protective hearing devices.Think ear protection before you’re
exposed to any noisy environment， such as rock concerts or
airports.When you are in a noisy environment， wear protective hearing
devices such as earplugs or protective earphones.8.（　　）
　　Have proper earphones.If you often listen to music on earphones
using a portable music or video device， it’s a good idea to have
earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal， and block outside
noise.9.（　　）
A. The risk rises as we age.
B. Monitor the volume of your devices.
C. However， it benefits you to go against that trend.
D. Meanwhile， you will find the sound truly superior.
E. You can find them at your local drugstore or music supply shop.
F. Think about buying appliances and devices that have low noise ratings.
G. You must do something to keep age-related hearing loss from getting
worse.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很大的噪声会严重损害你的听力，
本文主要介绍了保护听力的一些具体方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很大的噪声会严重损害你的听力，
本文主要介绍了保护听力的一些具体方法。
5. A　空前讲很大的噪声会严重损害你的听力，大约15%的18岁或以
上的成年人报告有听力障碍；空后的“好消息是，现在采取行动可能
会保护你在以后的生活中免受听力丧失”进行逻辑转折，表示听力丧
失是可以预防的。A项（随着我们年龄的增长，这种风险也在上升）
与空前描述的听力丧失现象一致，进一步说明听力丧失风险会随着衰
老而增加。
6. C　空前讲大多数人从未做过听力测试，空后讲下次体检时，你要
求做听力测试。C项（然而，逆势而行对你有好处）表示进行听力测
试对自己有好处，承上启下，与上文构成转折关系，同时又引出下
文。C项中的that trend指代空前的Most people have never had a hearing
test.这一趋势。
7. B　根据设空位置可知，空处为本段主旨句。空后讲“当你在看电
视或使用移动设备时，把音量保持在一个舒适的水平”，建议监控音
量大小来保护听力，B项（监控你设备的音量）可以概括本段。
8. E　空前讲“当你处于嘈杂的环境中，佩戴耳塞或防护耳机等听力
保护设备”，E项（你可以在当地的药店或音乐用品店找到它们）表
明如何购买这些物品，E项中的them指代空前一句中的protective
hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones。
9. D　空前讲“如果你经常使用便携式音乐或视频设备戴着耳机
听音乐，那么选择适合你耳道独特形状并能阻挡外界噪声的耳机
是一个好主意”，建议人们选择合适的耳机。D项（与此同时，你
会发现声音真的很优质）是对上一句的补充说明，表明选择合适
耳机的另一个好处。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2025·南通、徐州联考）For a little girl growing up in Colombia
in the 1980s， a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting
foot on a faraway planet. 　10　 ， Diana Trujillo has made it — she is a（n） 　11　 now， leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover.Born in 1983， even as a young girl， Diana was certain of her passion for science.When she was 17， her dad offered to send her to Miami， Florida to study Aerospace Engineering.Without any 　12　， she followed her dad’s 　13　.Arriving in the US with just $300， Trujillo had to 　14　 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.The 　15　 was definitely not easy， but Trujillo never complained.
　　Then came another 　16　 moment for Trujillo.One of her professors
casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 　17　 she
was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took
to 　18　 Trujillo’s career goals.So she 　19　 her studies in space
science and 　20　 became the first Hispanic （拉丁裔的） woman to be
admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007.Since then， Trujillo has worn
many hats at America’s space agency.
　　But Diana hasn’t 　21　 there.She also leads by example 　22　
women to pursue careers in STEM fields.Her own story is a 　23　 that
just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for
anyone willing to work hard enough to 　24　 the stars.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了哥伦比亚长大的
Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着
团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了哥伦比亚长大的
Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着
团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
10. A. Therefore B. Instead
C. However D. Moreover
解析：　根据上文For a little girl growing up ...like setting foot on a
faraway planet.和下文Diana Trujillo has made it可知，对于Diana
Trujillo这样身份的女性来说，在美国宇航局从事科学事业是不可及的
事情，但她却做到了。上下文构成转折关系，应用However。
√
11. A. astronaut B. engineer
C. pilot D. doctor
解析：　根据下文leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the
robotic arm of the latest Mars rover可知，Diana Trujillo领导着团队负责
最新火星探测器的机械臂，因此她应该是一名工程师。
√
12. A. hesitation B. complaint
C. expectation D. promise
解析：　根据上文Born in 1983， even as a young girl， Diana was
certain of her passion for science.可知，Diana还是个小女孩的时候，就
对科学充满了热情，因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的想法。
without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。
√
13. A. command B. footstep
C. request D. suggestion
解析：　根据上文her dad offered to send her to Miami， Florida to
study Aerospace Engineering可知，此处指遵从父亲提出的送她去学习
航空航天工程的建议。
√
14. A. go B. pass C. struggle D. push
解析：　根据上文with just $300和by doing a series of housekeeping
jobs可知，Diana当时经济比较困难，得做很多家政工作来赚钱。由此
可知，她是艰难地完成了学业。struggle through意为“艰难地度
过”。
15. A. mission B. career
C. adventure D. process
解析：　此处指Diana通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程不容易。
√
√
16. A. risk-taking B. life-changing
C. time-consuming D. energy-saving
解析：　根据下文可知，Diana迎来了另一个改变人生的时刻。
17. A. Realizing B. Remembering
C. Imagining D. Assuming
解析：　根据语境可推知，教授不经意提到的一个他们都熟悉的宇
航员让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。
√
√
18. A. record B. share
C. inspire D. finish
解析：　根据she was “just one person away from knowing an
astronaut”可知，自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Diana
的职业目标，让她继续努力学习。
√
19. A. started B. abandoned
C. suspended D. continued
解析：　根据上文to study Aerospace Engineering和下文became the
first Hispanic （拉丁裔的） woman to be admitted to the NASA
Academy in 2007可知，Diana一开始学的就是空间科学相关的专业，
后来她真的被美国宇航局学院录取了，因此她是继续学习这个专业。
√
20. A. immediately B. eventually
C. gradually D. suddenly
解析：　此处指她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的拉丁裔
女性。
21. A. left B. succeeded
C. stopped D. reached
解析：　根据上文Since then ... space agency.和But可知，Diana并
没有就此停止。
√
√
22. A. encouraging B. promising
C. allowing D. persuading
解析：　根据She also leads by example可知，Diana在以身作则，通
过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。
23. A. symbol B. notice
C. warning D. reminder
解析：　根据上文可知，在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重
困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师。她的故事给予我们的是正面的
提醒，告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。
√
√
24. A. stare at B. reach for
C. long for D. come after
解析：　此处是用Diana追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人，想要
伸手去够星星的人，只要努力工作，就有大量的机会实现梦想。
√
演示完毕 感谢观看 !

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