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2025届河南省高三下学期高考模拟冲刺联考英语试题
一、阅读理解
Study Abroad with Harvard Teachers Around the World
Expect a true Harvard experience this summer During a Harvard Summer School Study Abroad program, you will engage your intellectual curiosity with Harvard teachers, build a new network of friends, and expand your understanding of the world.
Our office hours of operation are from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Eastern Time, Monday to Friday. For more about our programs, please email us at SummerAbroad@Summer.Harvard.edu.Harvard Summer Program in Greece
Study political and natural environments of the Eastern Mediterranean from ancient times to the present.
Program Director: Dimiter Angelov and Gregory Nagy
Date: From June 28, 2025 to August 3, 2025
Cost: $9,150
Housing: HotelHarvard Summer Program in Kenya
Explore humanity’s evolutionary origins and dynamic future through climate science, ecology, and fossil excavations (挖掘) in Kenya’s Rift Valley.
Program Director: Daniel R. Green
Date: From May 29, 2025 to July 10, 2025
Cost: $12,000
Housing: DormitoriesHarvard Summer Program in Madrid, Spain
Study Spanish language, history, and culture in Spain’s dynamic, elegant and hip capital city.
Program Director: Johanna Liander
Date: From May 31, 2025 to July 25, 2025
Cost: $11,700
Housing: Homestay Harvard Summer Program in Shanghai, China
Encounter China’s major city, Shanghai, and learn about China’s place in the world. Understand its ties with international food cultures.
Program Director: Joyce Chaplin and Erez Manela
Date: From June 15, 2025 to August 9, 2025
Cost: $ 12,250
Housing: Hotel
1．Which program lasts the shortest
A．The one in Greece. B．The one in Kenya.
C．The one in Spain. D．The one in China.
2．Where will the students signing up for the program in Madrid live during their study
A．In a hotel. B．In a dormitory.
C．In a local’s house. D．In the director’s home.
3．What will the program in Shanghai offer to the students
A．A tour of big cities. B．A training course on cooking.
C．A language course in Chinese. D．A course in the global role of China.
After Charlotte, the green sea turtle, was hit by a boat in 2008, Connecticut’s Mystic Aquarium(水族馆)quickly became its new home. The accident caused Charlotte to have what marine biologists call “bubble butt syndrome”—a condition that traps air in the back of the turtle’s shell and tilts(倾斜)its back end up at a 45-degree angle, which is not a natural position for turtles to swim.
“Bubble butt syndrome” is becoming more common, as more sea turtles—which are already endangered—face injuries from human activities. As for sea turtles, this condition can not only cause paralysis(瘫痪), but it can make it difficult for them to eat or avoid enemies because they can’t move well.
While some animal doctors have tried to attach weights to the shells of turtles with this condition, scientists have just created an innovative device that could become the new standard for turtles like Charlotte. Mystic Aquarium reached a 3D printing company, which worked with experts to create a weighted belt that would help Charlotte swim more easily.
After a few tries, experts created a flexible, lightweight, and adjustable belt that wraps around the edge of Charlotte’s shell and can be easily removed.
As Charlotte gets used to wearing the belt and builds strength in her back flippers(鳍足), the team at Mystic Aquarium will slowly add weights to the belt to counter Charlotte’s “bubble butt”. And more sea turtles could benefit from this in the future.
“Our hope is that an aquarium could upload a scan of a turtle, have access to an online design tool, which would allow them to make a few design decisions, and export a file, which would allow them to build a belt on a printer,” said the 3D printing company’s director. “This would help improve the quality of life for their turtles.”
4．What caused Charlotte to develop “bubble butt syndrome”
A．An accidental disease. B．A misfortune.
C．A kind of improper care. D．A careless swim.
5．What is the main problem for sea turtles with “bubble butt syndrome”
A．Difficulty in finding water.
B．Trouble in seeing other sea turtles.
C．Increased risk of being killed by humans.
D．Difficulty in moving and avoiding enemies.
6．What can we infer about the new belt designed for Charlotte
A．It can be changed as needed.
B．It is made of a heavy material.
C．It will be replaced later by other devices.
D．It needs to be adjusted and maintained often.
7．What do the 3D printing company’s director’s words mean
A．The company will provide standard belts.
B．Aquariums need to buy advanced 3D printers.
C．Only some aquariums can use this technology.
D．Aquariums will be able to create and print the belts themselves.
If you confidently believe you’re right in a disagreement with a friend or a colleague, a new study suggests that you may actually be wrong. Researchers found that people naturally assume they have all the information they need to make a decision or support their positions, even when they do not. The researchers called it the “illusion (错觉) of information adequacy”.
“We found that, in general, people don’t stop to think whether there might be more information that would help them make a more informed decision,” said the co-author of the study. “If you give people a few pieces of information that seem to line up, most will say ‘that sounds about right’ and go with that.”
The study involved 1,261 Americans who participated online. They were divided into three groups who read an article about a fictional school that lacked adequate water. The first group read an article that only gave reasons why the school should merge (合并) with another school that had adequate water; the second group’s article only gave reasons for staying separate and hoping for other solutions; the third group read all the arguments for the schools merging and for staying separate.
The findings showed that the two groups who had read only half the story still believed they had enough information to make a good decision. Most of them said they would follow the recommendations in the article they read. Those with only half the information were actually more confident in their decisions to merge or remain separate than those who had read the complete story. They were quite sure that their decisions were right, even though they didn’t have all the information.
The co-author said, “People should make sure they have the full story about a situation before they take a stand or make a decision. Your first move when you disagree with someone should be to think, ‘Is there something that I’m missing that would help me see their perspectives and understand their positions better ’ That’s the way to fight this ‘illusion of information adequacy’.”
8．What does the new study suggest about people during disagreements
A．They rarely change their minds.
B．They usually give lots of made-up proofs.
C．They tend to overestimate their knowledge.
D．They always have all the necessary information.
9．According to the co-author, what do most people do when given limited information
A．They accept it as sufficient one. B．They seek more information.
C．They doubt the information. D．They ignore it completely.
10．What can we learn about the reading materials given to the first two groups
A．They focused on a real-life school issue.
B．They involved a large number of problems.
C．They would be completed by the third group.
D．They presented only one perspective to the problem.
11．What did the co-author advise people to do to overcome the illusion
A．Accept others’ views. B．Ignore disagreements.
C．Question their own perspectives. D．Gather more information.
To those outside of education, it may come as a surprise that the hardest aspect of teaching is often not what happens in the classroom, but the preparation that must happen outside it, beyond normal work hours. The toughest work is in the planning and structuring of lessons for classes with students of varying knowledge and skill levels.
Against that backdrop, education and computer science researchers at Stanford University have evaluated large language models’ (LLMs’) ability to help middle school math teachers create tiered (分层的) lessons that allow them to nurture those who might have fallen behind while holding the interest of more advanced students at the same time.
Researchers introduced the first evaluation framework for lesson scaffolding (脚手架) grounded in expert teachers’ processes and the first experiments that test and adapt LLMs for this task. Before they began experimenting with LLMs, Malik, a Knight-Hennessy scholar studying education data science at the Stanford Graduate School of Education, analyzed teachers’ lesson planning to understand the fundamentals of scaffolding.
“The precondition of the project was to see what technology can do to help teachers with that process of taking a curriculum and making the classroom ready,” says Malik. “We’re not just creating a tool, but a framework that helps teachers scaffold curriculum effectively, ensuring AI-generated content matches real classroom needs.”
In their analysis, they identified three steps teachers go through in creating lesson plans: observation (evaluating their students’ skill levels) , formulation of an instructional strategy, and implementation (实施) through a scaffolded lesson plan that meets the needs of all students.
The AI model was designed to generate “warm-up” exercises that help students activate prior knowledge. In user evaluations, these AI-generated exercises were rated better than human-created ones in terms of accessibility, agreement with learning objectives, and teachers’ preference.
AI is not without limitations, the researchers stress. LLMs are quite good at generating text-based content — story problems and written descriptions — but they struggle with visual approaches, diagrams, graphs, and so on, which are an essential part of math instruction. The researchers are working to address these limitations now.
12．What might teachers think of as the most challenging part of teaching
A．Delivering lessons in the classroom.
B．Using technology to enhance teaching.
C．Designing lessons to meet varying needs.
D．Evaluating students’ performance during class.
13．What does the underlined word “nurture” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Declare. B．Assist. C．Restrict. D．Convey.
14．What is Malik’s attitude to the research program
A．Confident. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Concerned.
15．Which can be the best title for the text
A．The Future of AI in Replacing Human Teachers.
B．AI Helps Math Teachers Build Better “Scaffolds”.
C．The Limitations of LLMs in Classroom Teaching.
D．LLMs Have the Ability to Design an Interesting Lesson.
Teaching students to ask good questions engages them and acts as an ongoing assessment. Here are some of the benefits of inquiry-based learning.Questions reveal interest
We ask questions when something catches our attention and surprises us, or when we hear something we want more information about. 16 . It is like saying, “Hey! I am paying attention, and I want to know more!” Asking a great question is even more revealing.Questions reveal both gaps and strengths in understanding
17 . In fact, it makes our job a lot easier when we are asked a question that can clarify a misunderstanding or explain something in a better way. Teaching students to ask effective questions can reveal what a child doesn’t understand, allowing us to fill in the gaps and likely improve understanding for other students too. 18
Research shows that when we ask a question ourselves, we are more likely to remember the information we receive. It makes sense—we are likely to ask about something that is interesting or relevant to us, and by asking the question, we become personally invested in the answer.Questions keep learners engaged
If we are open to children’s questions and leave room for discussion, the lesson can quickly become more interesting when the children’s own questions guide it. 19 . A question can make students personally engaged in the topic or activity.Questions build a foundation for new knowledge
There are many benefits of inquiry-based learning. Any subject or topic starts out with broad, foundational information that forms the basis for more in-depth or specific knowledge. A question posed at the right time builds essential knowledge. With that understanding, the more complex and more interesting knowledge has roots. 20 .
A．Questions improve memory
B．Questions show your excellence
C．And the learning provides a chance to grow
D．And they get a lot of benefits from asking questions
E．There is a difference between a good question and a bad one
F．Asking almost any question is a clear signal to show our interest
G．As teachers, we know that not everything we say will be understood
二、完形填空
When I was a teenager, I managed to both skip my freshman year of high school and gain entry into a dual-credit(双学分)high school program. For every college 21 I took through the program, I would gain high school credit toward graduation and an Associate’s degree.
It was there, in my junior year, that I found my 22 weakness in academia: chemistry. Mind you, the college was aware of high school 23 being integrated into their classes. However, the professor 24 we all had taken chemistry before—a big 25 for students like me who hadn’t. With no basic teaching and a strict “no drop or switch courses” 26 , my peers and I were doomed(注定的)to a class with no basic foundation. My grades 27 sharply, and so did my confidence.
One evening, after weeks of studying, tutoring, and practice, I 28 a failed exam paper. I’d scored just 58, and tears filled my eyes. My four-year-old brother saw me sitting on the floor near my desk. He placed his stuffed cat beside me, climbed onto my lap, and 29 patted my face.
“Don’t be sad,” he said softly. “I’m here to be your 30 so you can be happy.”
Throughout the mess of that chemistry course, that is the shining 31 I saw at the end of the tunnel. I ended up 32 the class, but my brother helped me see that there was an 33 to that nightmare. Sometimes little brothers knew the warm thing to say out of innocent love and 34 . My brother’s love showed me that failure is 35 , and that support from loved ones can turn even the hardest days into hopeful ones.
21．A．course B．major C．program D．task
22．A．current B．slight C．fatal D．minor
23．A．teachers B．students C．educators D．leaders
24．A．insisted B．suggested C．said D．assumed
25．A．style B．misunderstanding C．desire D．permission
26．A．rule B．schedule C．device D．recognition
27．A．closed B．quit C．dropped D．increased
28．A．talked around B．asked about C．called for D．stared at
29．A．proudly B．gently C．merely D．madly
30．A．gift B．goal C．dream D．eagerness
31．A．chance B．line C．light D．gold
32．A．attending B．failing C．calling D．discussing
33．A．.end B．aim C．edge D．opinion
34．A．ideal B．permission C．curiosity D．concern
35．A．curable B．essential C．temporary D．realistic
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Dunhuang is mentioned, the most lasting impression is its historical heritage, 36 (particular) the must-visit painted grottos (石窟) of the Mogao Grottos.
In addition to 37 (preserve) this treasured heritage, the city in Gansu Province is now seeking 38 (become) more contemporary and meet different needs by setting up multifunctional cultural places and offering experiences with a modern touch.
The Dunbuang Book Center is such a place. Like other bookstores, it is filled 39 books and creative cultural items, but it is also undoubtedly of Dunhuang, with 40 (it) unique design, titles and goods inspired by the grottos and the murals (壁画).
It opened in April 2022. Two years later, it 41 (earn) a spot on the “most beautiful bookstores of the year” list at the Third National Conference on Reading in Kunming City, Yunnan Province. Covering around 800 square meters, it includes some 25,000 books categorized under 42 (section) such as Dunhuang’s history, murals, and calligraphy. All the books in the center are about Dunhuang. Seventy percent of them have “Dunhuang” 43 (write) on their covers.
The center also boasts its own “library cave”, a reference to Cave 17, 44 is famous for the 50,000 historical artifacts. These include manuscripts, documents, textiles and ritual ware, from the 4th to the l4th century, found inside it when it was reopened. In honor of the cave, the center set up 45 unique space dedicated to more than 1, 200 publications on Dunhuang manuscripts.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，你校上周举办了一场主题为“中国茶文化”的讲座。请给你的外国朋友Anny写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.讲座的主要内容；
2.你的收获。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Anny,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
First, here are a few things you need to know about my dad. He was a slightly impatient kind of guy. If he wanted something done, he wanted it done now, if not sooner.
Second, you need to know that Dad was an early riser. Every single day. No exceptions. No excuses. Work or no work. Holidays or vacation days, there was my father, up and ready to go. We’d often start vacation trips at 3:00 am or 4:00 am “to beat the traffic”.
Oh, and you should know that Mom was a night owl, up late watching a late movie or a wrestling match. It didn’t matter to Mom. She enjoyed staying up late, late, late.
Here is one more thing about my dad. He is color-blind. That usually doesn’t matter. And he was a fairly conservative kind of person. For instance, he bought our new home out in the country and objected immediately to the stucco (粉饰灰泥) being a pale peach color. It was too “flashy” for Dad. He hired a painter to cover up all that peach with a nice, not-flashy gray. Dad was fond of gray anyway.
And so, we arrived at the Saturday morning when Dad popped out of bed as bright-eyed and bushy-tailed as ever, felt restless, and looked around for something that needed doing. Mom was sound asleep, as usual. My brother and I slept in a bit. There was nobody around to keep an eye on Dad and whatever he decided to do next.
So, Dad decided that the porch (走廊) on our newly gray house needed a fresh coat of paint. He headed off to the hardware store to get paint and painting supplies. He did not tell any of us. Nor did he invite any of us along.
We were not sure what happened at the hardware store. But we were all pretty sure that Dad had no clue what color he was painting the wooden porch. He worked hard at the task.
My brother and I woke up, wondered where Dad was, and went looking for him.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We found him on the porch.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mom shook her head and my brother and I grinned (咧嘴笑) — the pink porch would sure draw interesting comments.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【答案】4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B
【答案】16．F 17．G 18．A 19．D 20．C
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C
【答案】36．particularly 37．preserving 38．to become 39．with 40．its 41．earned 42．sections 43．written 44．which 45．a
46．【答案】Dear Anny,
I hope this email finds you well. Last week, our school held a fascinating lecture on Chinese tea culture. The speaker covered the rich history of various types of tea and traditional tea ceremonies. We also learned about the health benefits associated with different kinds of tea and the cultural significance of tea in Chinese society.
I gained a deeper understanding of how tea is an important part of Chinese heritage and daily life. It was enlightening to see how tea culture reflects Chinese philosophies of harmony, respect, and tranquility. The lecture truly broadened my knowledge and appreciation for this ancient art.
I believe you would have enjoyed it immensely if you had listened to it.
Yours,
Li Hua
47．【答案】参考范文：
We found him on the porch. There, he was standing on a ladder, paintbrush in hand, with a look of concentration on his face. The porch was already half-covered in a bright pink paint. My brother and I stared in disbelief. “Dad, that’s not gray!” I shouted. Dad turned around, looking confused. My brother and I made a quick dash for Mom. “Come quick!” we told Mom. “Hurry!” Stumbling around in her robe, floppy slippers, and hair curlers, Mom rushed outside.
Mom shook her head and my brother and I grinned（咧嘴笑）— the pink porch would sure draw interesting comments. But to our surprise, Mom didn’t complain. Instead, she said, “You know what Let’s keep it. It’s different, but maybe it’s time for a change.” Dad beamed with pride. The next day, we all helped finish painting the porch. People passing by would smile and wave, some even stopping to praise our “unique” choice. Our house became a local landmark. Dad’s pink porch taught us that sometimes, mistakes can lead to wonderful new beginnings.

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