资源简介

核心 词汇 1．_________ n．慈善机构，慈善团体 2．________ adj．一年一度的，每年的 3．______ v．寻找，寻求 4．___________ n．教授 5．_________ v．量，测量 6．__________ n．位置 7．____________ adv．终于，最终 8．_________ v．破坏，毁掉 9．__________ n．化学品 10．_______　 n．习语，成语 11．___________ n．当权，权力 12．________ n．来源，出处 13．_______ v．创立，创建 14．________ n．按钮 15．___________ n．意外的相遇，邂逅 16．______ n．小径，小道 17．_______ v．凝视，盯着看 18．_______ n．图像，影像
阅读 词汇 1．__________　 adj．大西洋的 2．_______ n．鲸 3．_________ n．难以理解的事物，谜 4．_______ v．暴跌 5．__________ n．百分比 6．creature n．_______ 7．element n．_________ 8．breathtaking adj．_______ 9．capture v．_______________ 10．file n．_______
拓展 词汇 1．migrate v．迁移，迁徙→___________ n．迁徙 2．determine v．测定，确定→____________ adj．坚决的；有决心的→_______________ n．决心；果断 3．solution n．解决，解决方法→_______ v．解决 4．amazing adj．惊人的，了不起的→_______ v．使惊讶→________ adj．惊讶的→___________ n．惊奇；惊愕 5．survive v．活下来，幸存→__________ n．幸存；残存物→__________ n．幸存者；生还者 6．effect n．影响，结果→___________ adj．有效的；有影响的 7．accommodation n．住处，工作场所→_____________ v．容纳；提供住宿；适应 8．photographer n．摄影师→____________ n．照片 v．(为……)拍照→_____________ n．摄影；摄影术 9．recover v．(从糟糕经历中)恢复→__________ n．恢复 10．shock n．吃惊，震惊→__________ adj．令人震惊的→_________ adj．感到震惊的 11．variety n．多样化，变化→_________ adj．多种多样的→______ v．变化；不同 12．concentrate v．专注，专心→_______________ n．集中；专心→______________ adj．浓缩的；全力以赴的；集中的 13．freeze v．突然停止，呆住；结冰；(使)冻住→__________ adj．极冷的；冰冻的→________ adj．结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的 14．reaction n．(对某一情形或事件的)反应→_______ v．做出反应；回应
高频 短语 1．___________ 毕竟，终究 2．___________________ 成功做某事 3．____________________ ……的解决办法 4．__________________ 以……的速度 5．_________________ 尊重 6．__________ 砍倒；减少 7．_________ 以……为食 8．________________ 把注意力集中于，全神贯注于 9．fall off ________ 10．recover from _______ 11．from time to time _______ 12．flow chart _________ 13．kill two birds with one stone ___________ 14．hold your horses _______ 15．rain cats and dogs _______ 16．brave the elements _____________
句型 公式 1．One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly．(替代词that) 自然界中最奇妙的迁徙之一是北美黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙。 2．These two pieces of information — the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go．(where引导定语从句) 这两条信息——一天中的时间和太阳在天空中的位置——让这种蝴蝶确定它的路线。 3．The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive...(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) 我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多，它活下来的机会就越大…… 4．And of course，the main reason why they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute！(the reason why...is that...) 当然，他们如此兴奋的主要原因是熊猫太可爱了！ 5．Another reason to use idioms is that they are concise．(that引导表语从句) 使用习语的另一个原因是它们简练。 6．While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene，I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched．(同位语从句) 当我正专注于拍摄这个令人惊叹的场景时，突然感到有什么东西在注视着我。
Many animals migrate at certain times of the year for a 1．_________(vary)of reasons．One of the most breathtaking 2．____________ (migrate) is the annual movement of the monarch butterfly．It uses its eyes 3．____________ (measure) the position of the sun，which allows it to determine the way to go．
The solution 4．____ the mystery of the butterfly's 5．_________ (amaze) ability comes at a time when its population 6．_____________ (crash)by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years．In many places 7．_______ the creature can be found，people are destroying the natural environment by 8．_________ (cut) down trees and using chemicals that kill 9．_____ plants that monarch caterpillars eat．Fortunately，people have been working together to seek for ways to protect the butterfly and the population is recovering bit by bit eventually．After all，the more we concentrate on the butterfly，the 10．_________ (great) the chance it will survive．
1．measure v．量；测量；评估；有……长(或宽、高等) n．尺寸；措施
①(北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit 2)Success is not measured ____ how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life．
②The new bridge under construction，___________(measure) twice as long as the old one，will be completed in 2026．
③ To attend the annual celebration，he asked the tailor to make a suit ____ his measure．
　应用文写作之环境保护
该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。
It is high time that _____________________________________________．
◎measure...by...用……来衡量……
◎take measures/steps/action to do sth．采取措施做某事
◎make sth．to sb．'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
◎Therefore，it is high time that we took/should take measures to protect the oceans．
因此，是我们采取措施保护海洋的时候了。
2．determine v．测定，确定
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)What impress me most are her courage，skill and _______________(determine)．
②He determined _________ facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality．
③The ____________ (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself．
④Johnson had made up his mind to give it up，but on second thought he determined ________(try) a third time．
　句式升级
I'm determined to perform well in the final exam，so I'm occupied in preparing for it．
→______________________________________________，I'm occupied in preparing for it．(过去分词短语作状语)
◎determine to do sth．决心做某事determine on/upon决定
◎determined adj．坚决的
be determined to do sth．决心做某事
◎determination n．坚定；决心
◎It was at that time that I determined to go on working on the farm so that I could help support my family．
就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养家糊口。
3．amazing adj．惊人的，了不起的
①This is such an _________ discovery that we are all ________ at it；to our ___________，it is a disabled man who makes the discovery．(amaze)
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 4)We have received over 500 entries and have been amazed _______ your imaginations!
　读后续写之情感描写
令我吃惊的是，我击败了很多参赛者，并获得了一等奖。
①_________________，I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize．(amazement)
②_________________________ I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize．(主语从句；amaze)
③I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize，______________________．(非限制性定语从句；amazed)
④I _________________ I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize．(amazed)
◎amaze v．使惊讶
◎amazed adj．惊奇的；惊喜的
be amazed at/by 对……大为吃惊
be amazed (that)...对……感到吃惊
◎amazement n．惊奇
to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是
in amazement 惊讶地；吃惊地
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinese practice，and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments．
然后他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中医疗法，他们惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗后，他的状况就有所改善了。
4．effect n．影响；结果
①The recommendations will soon be put ______ effect to deal with the present situation．
②It's reported that this regulation will come ______ effect from 1st September．
③We have reached a stage where we must start taking ___________(effect) measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves．
　应用文写作之人物介绍
李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，这些诗歌对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。
During his lifetime，Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，_________________________________________________________．
◎come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put...into effect实施；使……生效/起作用
◎effective adj．有效的；有影响的
◎affect v．影响；作用
◎Not only does the traffic issue affect/have an effect on our daily life，but it also puts people's lives at risk．
交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。
5．shock n．吃惊，震惊；休克 v．(使)震惊
①The __________ news _________ all the people around，which was also ___ great shock to people all over the country．(shock)
② I was shocked _________(hear) the news that the leader abused his authority and was sentenced to prison．
　句式升级
The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in．Elli and I were shocked．
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，_________________________ _________________________________．(非限制性定语从句)
→_______________________________________________________________．(what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句)
◎a great shock to sb．让某人大为震惊
in shock震惊；吃惊
◎shocked adj．感到震惊的
be shocked at/by对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth．做某事很吃惊
◎shocking adj．令人震惊的
◎Shocked and proud，their mother said in a sweet whisper，“Thanks，my kids．”
他们的母亲既震惊又自豪，温柔地轻声说：“谢谢，我的孩子们。”
6．concentrate v．专注，专心
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 5)Rachel is listening to peaceful music to help her concentrate ____ her studying．
②He made a ______________(concentrate) effort to find the solution to the problem．
③ It is our teacher's _______________(concentrate)and friendliness that win our respect．
　一句多译
在过去的两周里，因为集中精力为决赛做准备，所以我没有给你们足够的关心。
①__________________________________________ in the past two weeks，I didn't give you enough care．(分词短语作状语)
②_______________________________________________________________ in the past two weeks，I didn't give you enough care．(with复合结构)
◎concentrate on (doing) sth．专心于(做)某事
concentrate one's mind/attention/effort(s) on集中注意力于；致力于；专心于
◎concentration n．集中；专心
◎concentrated adj．浓缩的；全力以赴的；集中的
◎However，long screen time would badly damage our eyesight，not to mention that we fail to concentrate well on learning for lacking self-discipline．
然而，长时间看屏幕会严重损害我们的视力，更不用说我们会因为缺乏自律而不能很好地集中精力学习了。
7．[教材原句]The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive...(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多，它活下来的机会就越大……
①The more often you seize opportunities to talk to the foreigners，the ________________(confident) you will be when speaking a foreign language．
②The more you practice，the _______________(fluent) you will speak Chinese．
③The more careful you are，the _______ (few) mistakes you will make．
④There are lots of ways to raise awareness of a cause．Usually，the __________ (strange) the idea is，the more it will get noticed．
　应用文写作之活动介绍
从这次活动中，我们认识到健身是非常重要的。我们锻炼得越多，我们的身体就会越健康。
From this activity，we have realized that building up our body is of great importance．And ___________________________，_______________________．
◎the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
意为“越……，就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
◎从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；第二个“the＋比较级...”是主句，常用一般将来时。
◎本结构中常用省略结构。
◎While I was walking on the dirt path，the darker it was，the more frightened I was．
走在一条泥泞的小路上的时候，天越黑我越害怕。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．To keep our streets clean __________(annual) costs the UK taxpayers ￡500 million．
2．_________(shock) and proud，their mother hugged them firmly．
3．Emotional intelligence cannot _____________(measure) by an IQ test．
4．When the ice is heated above __________(freeze) point，it begins to change into a liquid state．
5．Universities have to provide student _______________(accommodate) for first-year students．
6．Most of the old part of the city _______________(destroy) by bombs during the war in the 1940s．
7．___________(react) to the proposal so far have been mixed．There are a _________(vary) of posts about it online．
8．It was hard for me to understand the lecture，so ____________(eventual) I lost _______________(concentrate) and felt bored．Later，I ________(seek) help from my professor．
9．The ____________(determine) doctors let him make a full __________(recover)．He was thankful so he owed his __________(survive) to the doctors．
10．The _________(amaze) thing was that the __________(solve) to the problem was put forward by an 11-year-old boy．Later，he _________(found) a charity to help more people．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．cut down
A．砍倒　B．减少　C．删节　D．夺去……的生命
(1)He，along with his working partner，tried to cut down on smoking but failed． ___
(2)Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper． ___
(3)He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood． ___
(4)Hunger，cold and illness cut down many villagers． ___
2．measure
A．v．测量　B．v．衡量　C．n．程度　D．n．措施
(1)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet the problem，by just about any measure，appears to be getting worse． ___
(2)Radio tags(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes． ___
(3)Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the “ecological footprint”concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle． ___
(4)This effort is not just an attempt at being community minded — it's also a crime-cutting measure． ___
3．(2023·浙江1月卷)Most long-distance trains，especially the sleeping car accommodations，sell out very quickly． ___
A．住处　　　　　　　　
B．(交通工具内的)铺位
C．和解
4．(2022·全国乙卷)For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric(自我中心的)” creatures．
___
A．创造物，产物 B．人
C．生物，动物
5．In a wired world with constant global communication，we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear． ___
A．已准备好的 B．地位
C．姿势
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我们周围有许多受人尊敬的人，对我来说，我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师。
There are many respectable people around us，and for me，____________________________________________________．
2．许多人之所以喜欢读这本诗集，是因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ and enjoy the innocence of childhood．
3．人们花在社交媒体上的时间越多，他们就越不开心。
_______________ people spent on social media，__________________ they became．
假定你是李华，上周日你们学校组织大家参观了鲸博物馆，请你写一篇短文向校英语报投稿，呼吁大家保护鲸，并与其他生物和谐相处。
　写作微练
①近几年，生活在海洋中的鲸的数量下降了百分之八十，其种类也大大减少。
In recent years，_______________________________________________ and _____________________ has also greatly decreased．
②大捕杀让鲸处于危险当中，使得它们难以存活下去。(it作形式宾语)
The great hunt ________________________．That _________________________．
③人类的贪婪越大，这种生物生存的机会就越小。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
_____________ the human greed is，________________________________．
④我们下定决心采取有效措施。
We ______________________________________．
⑤这种动物恐怕最终要在地球上灭绝。
This animal may ____________________ on the earth．
⑥幸运的是，国际社会已经意识到问题的严重性并正在寻找一切可能的解决方法。
Luckily，the international community is aware of the seriousness of the problem and ______________________________________________．
⑦毕竟，地球不只是人类的家园。
___________ the earth is not just a home for human beings．
⑧只有人类与其他生物和谐相处，我们生活的世界才会更美好。(强调句型)
____________________________________________________________________ the world we are living can be more beautiful．
　句式升级
⑨用动词-ing形式短语作结果状语改写句②
_____________________________________________________________________
⑩用if引导条件状语从句合并句④和句⑤
_____________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 seek；determine；concentrate；hold your horses；freeze；stare；brave the elements；encounter；survive；amazing；shock；rain cats and dogs；path；breathtaking
美句 1．When I finally stepped out of the trees，the view was breathtaking． 2．My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image． 3．Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first．My legs started shaking． 4．While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene，I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched．Slowly，and with the camera still held to my eye，I turned...and froze．
拓展 语料 单词 glad adj．高兴的；giggle v．& n．咯咯笑；cheer n．欢呼声→cheerful adj．快乐的；高兴的；joy n．高兴；喜悦→joyful adj．高兴的；happy adj．高兴的→happily adv．高兴地→happiness n．快乐，幸福；merry adj．高兴的→merrily adv．高兴地
词块 a sense/wave of joy and happiness sweeps/floods over sb．一种/阵喜悦和幸福感席卷某人；in high/cheerful spirits兴高采烈；be seized by joy/be overcome with happiness非常高兴；beam with smiles 笑逐颜开；laugh heartily开怀大笑；a mixture of excitement and delight既兴奋又开心
句型 1．A sense of joy/pleasure welled up in him．(无灵主语句) 一阵喜悦感席卷了他。 2．The smile on her face shone like a diamond．(比喻句) 她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。 3．She hummed and skipped in the forest like a bird．(比喻句) 她像鸟儿一样在森林里哼唱跳动。 4．Hearing/Seeing...，he was seized by joy．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 听到/看到……，他非常高兴。
　语料运用
①突然，一只瘦骨嶙峋的白猫出现在我眼前，我惊呆了。
Suddenly，a white skinny cat came into sight and I ________________．
②但一想到那可能是我的猫，我就高兴地走上前，盯着那只猫看。
But ______________________ that it might be my cat urged me to step forward and stare at the cat．
③原来是我失散多年的猫，一种快乐和幸福的感觉席卷了我。
It turned out to be my long-lost cat and ______________________________________ ___________________．(无灵主语句)
④那只猫听到我叫它的名字，高兴地朝我喵喵叫。
Hearing me calling its name，the cat mewed at me _________________．
⑤抱着我的猫，我像一只快乐的小鸟一样哼唱着蹦蹦跳跳地朝家走去。
With my cat in my arms，I ____________________________________________．(比喻句)
⑥我决定在家陪它，于是给老板打电话道歉并请了一天假。
______________________________________________，I phoned my boss to make an apology and ask for a day off．
⑦猫高兴地叫了一声。
The cat let out a mew of _______．
必修第一册　Unit 5
单元词句 语境背记
核心词汇
1．charity　2．annual　3．seek　4．professor　5．measure　6．position　7．eventually　8．destroy　9．chemical　10．idiom　11．authority　12．source　13．found　14．button　15．encounter　16．path　17．stare　18．image
阅读词汇
1．Atlantic　2．whale　3．mystery　4．crash　5．per cent　6．生物，动物　7．基本部分，要素　8．令人惊叹的　9．(用文字或图片)记录，捕捉　10．档案，文件
拓展词汇
1．migration　2．determined；determination　3．solve　4．amaze；amazed；amazement　5．survival；survivor　6．effective　7．accommodate　8．photograph；photography　9．recovery　10．shocking；shocked　11．various；vary　12．concentration；concentrated　13．freezing；frozen　14．react
高频短语
1．after all　2．manage to do sth．　3．the solution to...　4．at a speed of...　5．show respect to　6．cut down　7．feed on　8．concentrate on　9．从……掉下来　10．从……恢复　11．不时，偶尔　12．流程图，作业图　13．一举两得，一箭双雕　14．慢点，别急　15．下倾盆大雨　16．不顾天气恶劣，冒着风雨
语境串记
1．variety　2．migrations　3．to measure　4．to　5．amazing　
6．has crashed　7．where　8．cutting　9．the　10．greater
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．①by　②measuring　③to
[完美写作]we took/should take measures to keep the air from being polluted
2．①determination　②on/upon　③determined　④to try
[完美写作]Determined to perform well in the final exam
3．①amazing；amazed；amazement　②by/at
[完美写作]①To my amazement　②What amazed me was that
③which made me amazed　④was amazed that
4．①into　②into　③effective
[完美写作]all of which had a great effect on/upon Chinese culture
5．①shocking；shocked；a　②to hear
[完美写作]which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked；What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in
6．①on　②concentrated　③concentration
[完美写作]①Concentrating on preparing for the final　②With my attention/efforts/mind concentrated on preparing for the final
7．①more confident　②more fluently　③fewer　④stranger
[完美写作]the more exercise we take；the healthier our bodies will be
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．1．annually　2．Shocked　3．be measured　4．freezing　
5．accommodation　6．was destroyed　7．Reactions；variety　8．eventually；concentration；sought　9．determined；recovery；survival　10．amazing；solution；founded
Ⅱ．1．(1)B　(2)C　(3)A　(4)D
2．(1)C　(2)A　(3)B　(4)D
3．B　4．B　5．A
Ⅲ．1．it is my English teacher (that/who) I respect most　
2．The reason why many people love to read this collection of poems is that they can feel the warmth of love　3．The more time；the more unhappy
主题引领 写作提能
应用文写作
Step 1
①the number of whales living in the ocean has dropped by 80 per cent；the variety of them　②puts whales in trouble；makes it difficult for them to survive　③The greater；the less the chance the creature will survive　④determine to take effective measures
⑤eventually die out　⑥is in search of all possible solutions to it
⑦After all　⑧It is only when human beings live in harmony with other creatures that
Step 2
⑨The great hunt puts whales in trouble，making it difficult for them to survive．　⑩If we don't determine to take effective measures，this animal may eventually die out on the earth．
Step 3
【参考范文】
To raise students' awareness of protecting marine animals，last Sunday our school organised us to visit the Whale Museum，where I learned a lot about whales．The details are as follows．
In recent years，the number of whales living in the ocean has dropped by 80 per cent，and the variety of them has also greatly decreased．As we all know，the great hunt puts whales in trouble，making it difficult for them to survive．The greater the human greed is，the less the chance the creature will survive．Therefore，if we don't determine to take effective measures，this animal may eventually die out on the earth．Luckily，the international community is aware of the seriousness of the problem and is in search of all possible solutions to it．After all，the earth is not just a home for human beings．As far as I'm concerned，it is only when human beings live in harmony with other creatures that the world we are living can be more beautiful．
读后续写
Step 2
①froze in shock　②the cheerful thought　③a sense/wave of joy and happiness swept/flooded over me　④merrily/happily　⑤hummed and skipped towards my home like a happy bird　⑥Having determined to keep it company at home　⑦cheer
14 / 16(共123张PPT)
第一部分　
教材知识讲练
必修第一册
Unit 5　Into the wild
单元主题 导图串记
单元词句 语境背记
核心词汇
1．_________ n．慈善机构，慈善团体
2．________ adj．一年一度的，每年的
3．______ v．寻找，寻求
4．___________ n．教授
5．_________ v．量，测量
6．__________ n．位置
7．____________ adv．终于，最终
charity
annual
seek
professor
measure
position
eventually
核心词汇
8．_________ v．破坏，毁掉
9．__________ n．化学品
10．_______　　 n．习语，成语
11．___________ n．当权，权力
12．________ n．来源，出处
13．_______ v．创立，创建
14．________ n．按钮
15．___________ n．意外的相遇，邂逅
destroy
chemical
idiom
authority
source
found
button
encounter
核心词汇
16．______ n．小径，小道
17．_______ v．凝视，盯着看
18．_______ n．图像，影像
path
stare
image
阅读 词汇
1．__________ adj．大西洋的
2．_______ n．鲸
3．_________ n．难以理解的事物，谜
4．_______ v．暴跌
5．__________ n．百分比
6．creature n．____________
7．element n．________________
Atlantic
whale
mystery
crash
per cent
生物，动物
基本部分，要素
阅读 词汇
8．breathtaking adj．____________
9．capture v．____________________________
10．file n．____________
令人惊叹的
(用文字或图片)记录，捕捉
档案，文件
拓展词汇
1．migrate v．迁移，迁徙→___________ n．迁徙
2．determine v．测定，确定→____________ adj．坚决的；有决心的→_______________ n．决心；果断
3．solution n．解决，解决方法→_______ v．解决
4．amazing adj．惊人的，了不起的→_______ v．使惊讶→________ adj．惊讶的→___________ n．惊奇；惊愕
5．survive v．活下来，幸存→__________ n．幸存；残存物→__________ n．幸存者；生还者
migration
determined
determination
solve
amaze
amazed
amazement
survival
survivor
拓展词汇
6．effect n．影响，结果→__________ adj．有效的；有影响的
7．accommodation n．住处，工作场所→_____________ v．容纳；提供住宿；适应
8．photographer n．摄影师→____________ n．照片 v．
(为……)拍照→_____________ n．摄影；摄影术
9．recover v．(从糟糕经历中)恢复→__________ n．恢复
10．shock n．吃惊，震惊→__________ adj．令人震惊的→ _________ adj．感到震惊的
effective
accommodate
photograph
photography
recovery
shocking
shocked
拓展词汇
11．variety n．多样化，变化→_________ adj．多种多样的→ ______ v．变化；不同
12．concentrate v．专注，专心→_______________ n．集中；专心→______________ adj．浓缩的；全力以赴的；集中的
13．freeze v．突然停止，呆住；结冰；(使)冻住→__________ adj．极冷的；冰冻的→______ adj．结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的
14．reaction n．(对某一情形或事件的)反应→_______ v．做出反应；回应
various
vary
concentration
concentrated
freezing
frozen
react
高频短语
1．___________ 毕竟，终究
2．___________________ 成功做某事
3．____________________ ……的解决办法
4．__________________ 以……的速度
5．_________________ 尊重
6．__________ 砍倒；减少
7．_________ 以……为食
8．________________ 把注意力集中于，全神贯注于
after all
manage to do sth.
the solution to...
at a speed of...
show respect to
cut down
feed on
concentrate on
高频短语
9．fall off ______________
10．recover from ____________
11．from time to time ____________
12．flow chart ________________
13．kill two birds with one stone ____________________
14．hold your horses ____________
15．rain cats and dogs ____________
16．brave the elements ________________________
从……掉下来
从……恢复
不时，偶尔
流程图，作业图
一举两得，一箭双雕
慢点，别急
下倾盆大雨
不顾天气恶劣，冒着风雨
句型公式
1．One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly．(替代词that)
自然界中最奇妙的迁徙之一是北美黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙。
2．These two pieces of information — the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go．(where引导定语从句)
这两条信息——一天中的时间和太阳在天空中的位置——让这种蝴蝶确定它的路线。
句型公式
3．The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive...(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多，它活下来的机会就越大……
4．And of course，the main reason why they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute！(the reason why...is that...)
当然，他们如此兴奋的主要原因是熊猫太可爱了！
句型公式
5．Another reason to use idioms is that they are concise．(that引导表语从句)
使用习语的另一个原因是它们简练。
6．While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene，I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched．(同位语从句)
当我正专注于拍摄这个令人惊叹的场景时，突然感到有什么东西在注视着我。
Many animals migrate at certain times of the year for a 1．_________(vary)of reasons．One of the most breathtaking 2．____________ (migrate) is the annual movement of the monarch butterfly．It uses its eyes 3．____________ (measure) the position of the sun，which allows it to determine the way to go．
variety
migrations
to measure
The solution 4．____ the mystery of the butterfly's 5．_________ (amaze) ability comes at a time when its population 6．_____________ (crash)by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years．In many places 7．_______ the creature can be found，people are destroying the natural environment by 8．_________ (cut) down trees and using chemicals that kill 9．_____ plants that monarch caterpillars eat．Fortunately，people have been working together to seek for ways to protect the butterfly and the population is recovering bit by bit eventually．After all，the more we concentrate on the butterfly，the 10．_________ (great) the chance it will survive．
to
amazing
has crashed
where
cutting
the
greater
考点归纳 精准讲练
1．measure v．量；测量；评估；有……长(或宽、高等) n．尺寸；措施
①(北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit 2)Success is not measured ____ how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life．
by
②The new bridge under construction，___________(measure) twice as long as the old one，will be completed in 2026．
③ To attend the annual celebration，he asked the tailor to make a suit ____ his measure．
完美写作　应用文写作之环境保护
该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。
It is high time that __________________________________________ ________________．
measuring
to
we took/should take measures to keep the air from
being polluted
◎measure...by...用……来衡量……
◎take measures/steps/action to do sth．采取措施做某事
◎make sth．to sb．'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
◎Therefore，it is high time that we took/should take measures to protect the oceans．
因此，是我们采取措施保护海洋的时候了。
2．determine v．测定，确定
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)What impress me most are her courage，skill and _______________(determine)．
②He determined _________ facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality．
③The ____________ (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself．
④Johnson had made up his mind to give it up，but on second thought he determined ________(try) a third time．
determination
on/upon
determined
to try
完美写作　句式升级
I'm determined to perform well in the final exam，so I'm occupied in preparing for it．
→____________________________________________，I'm occupied in preparing for it．(过去分词短语作状语)
Determined to perform well in the final exam
◎determine to do sth．决心做某事determine on/upon决定
◎determined adj．坚决的
be determined to do sth．决心做某事
◎determination n．坚定；决心
◎It was at that time that I determined to go on working on the farm so that I could help support my family．
就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养家糊口。
3．amazing adj．惊人的，了不起的
①This is such an _________ discovery that we are all ________ at it；to our ___________，it is a disabled man who makes the discovery．
(amaze)
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 4)We have received over 500 entries and have been amazed _______ your imaginations!
amazing
amazed
amazement
by/at
完美写作　读后续写之情感描写
令我吃惊的是，我击败了很多参赛者，并获得了一等奖。
①_________________，I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize．(amazement)
②_________________________ I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize．(主语从句；amaze)
③I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize，________________ _________．(非限制性定语从句；amazed)
④I _________________ I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize．(amazed)
To my amazement
What amazed me was that
which made me
amazed
was amazed that
◎amaze v．使惊讶
◎amazed adj．惊奇的；惊喜的
be amazed at/by 对……大为吃惊
be amazed (that)...对……感到吃惊
◎amazement n．惊奇
to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是
in amazement 惊讶地；吃惊地
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinese practice，and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments．
然后他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中医疗法，他们惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗后，他的状况就有所改善了。
4．effect n．影响；结果
①The recommendations will soon be put ______ effect to deal with the present situation．
②It's reported that this regulation will come ______ effect from 1st September．
③We have reached a stage where we must start taking ___________ (effect) measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves．
into
into
effective
完美写作　应用文写作之人物介绍
李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，这些诗歌对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。
During his lifetime，Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，__________________________________________________．
all of which had a great effect on/upon Chinese culture
◎come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put...into effect实施；使……生效/起作用
◎effective adj．有效的；有影响的
◎affect v．影响；作用
◎Not only does the traffic issue affect/have an effect on our daily life，but it also puts people's lives at risk．
交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。
5．shock n．吃惊，震惊；休克 v．(使)震惊
①The __________ news _________ all the people around，which was also ___ great shock to people all over the country．(shock)
② I was shocked _________(hear) the news that the leader abused his authority and was sentenced to prison．
shocking
shocked
a
to hear
完美写作　句式升级
The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in．Elli and I were shocked．
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，_________________________________________________________．
(非限制性定语从句)
→_____________________________________________________________________________．(what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句)
which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked
What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence
and put his head in
◎a great shock to sb．让某人大为震惊
in shock震惊；吃惊
◎shocked adj．感到震惊的
be shocked at/by对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth．做某事很吃惊
◎shocking adj．令人震惊的
◎Shocked and proud，their mother said in a sweet whisper，“Thanks，my kids．”
他们的母亲既震惊又自豪，温柔地轻声说：“谢谢，我的孩子们。”
6．concentrate v．专注，专心
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 5)Rachel is listening to peaceful music to help her concentrate ____ her studying．
②He made a ______________(concentrate) effort to find the solution to the problem．
③ It is our teacher's _______________(concentrate)and friendliness that win our respect．
on
concentrated
concentration
完美写作　一句多译
在过去的两周里，因为集中精力为决赛做准备，所以我没有给你们足够的关心。
①____________________________________ in the past two weeks，I didn't give you enough care．(分词短语作状语)
②_________________________________________________________ in the past two weeks，I didn't give you enough care．(with复合结构)
Concentrating on preparing for the final
With my attention/efforts/mind concentrated on preparing for the final
◎concentrate on (doing) sth．专心于(做)某事
concentrate one's mind/attention/effort(s) on集中注意力于；致力于；专心于
◎concentration n．集中；专心
◎concentrated adj．浓缩的；全力以赴的；集中的
◎However，long screen time would badly damage our eyesight，not to mention that we fail to concentrate well on learning for lacking self-discipline．
然而，长时间看屏幕会严重损害我们的视力，更不用说我们会因为缺乏自律而不能很好地集中精力学习了。
7．[教材原句]The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive...(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多，它活下来的机会就越大……
①The more often you seize opportunities to talk to the foreigners，the ________________(confident) you will be when speaking a foreign language．
more confident
②The more you practice，the _______________(fluent) you will speak Chinese．
③The more careful you are，the _______ (few) mistakes you will make．
④There are lots of ways to raise awareness of a cause．Usually，the __________(strange) the idea is，the more it will get noticed．
more fluently
fewer
stranger
完美写作　应用文写作之活动介绍
从这次活动中，我们认识到健身是非常重要的。我们锻炼得越多，我们的身体就会越健康。
From this activity，we have realized that building up our body is of great importance．And ___________________________，______________ ______________．
the more exercise we take
the healthier our
bodies will be
◎the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
意为“越……，就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
◎从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；第二个“the＋比较级...”是主句，常用一般将来时。
◎本结构中常用省略结构。
◎While I was walking on the dirt path，the darker it was，the more frightened I was．
走在一条泥泞的小路上的时候，天越黑我越害怕。
基础巩固 达标训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．To keep our streets clean __________(annual) costs the UK taxpayers ￡500 million．
2．_________(shock) and proud，their mother hugged them firmly．
3．Emotional intelligence cannot _____________(measure) by an IQ test．
4．When the ice is heated above __________(freeze) point，it begins to change into a liquid state．
annually
Shocked
be measured
freezing
5．Universities have to provide student _______________(accommodate) for first-year students．
6．Most of the old part of the city _______________(destroy) by bombs during the war in the 1940s．
7．___________(react) to the proposal so far have been mixed．There are a _________(vary) of posts about it online．
8．It was hard for me to understand the lecture，so ____________ (eventual) I lost _______________(concentrate) and felt bored．Later，I ________(seek) help from my professor．
accommodation
was destroyed
Reactions
variety
eventually
concentration
sought
9．The ____________(determine) doctors let him make a full __________(recover)．He was thankful so he owed his __________ (survive) to the doctors．
10．The _________(amaze) thing was that the __________(solve) to the problem was put forward by an 11-year-old boy．Later，he _________ (found) a charity to help more people．
determined
recovery
survival
amazing
solution
founded
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．cut down
A．砍倒　B．减少　C．删节　D．夺去……的生命
(1)He，along with his working partner，tried to cut down on smoking but failed． ___
(2)Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper． ___
(3)He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood． ___
(4)Hunger，cold and illness cut down many villagers． ___
B
C
A
D
2．measure
A．v．测量　B．v．衡量　C．n．程度　D．n．措施
(1)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet the problem，by just about any measure，appears to be getting worse． ___
(2)Radio tags(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes． ___
(3)Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the “ecological footprint”concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle． ___
C
A
B
(4)This effort is not just an attempt at being community minded — it's also a crime-cutting measure． ___
3．(2023·浙江1月卷)Most long-distance trains，especially the sleeping car accommodations，sell out very quickly． ___
A．住处　　　　　　　　
B．(交通工具内的)铺位
C．和解
D
B
4．(2022·全国乙卷)For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric(自我中心的)” creatures．
___
A．创造物，产物 B．人
C．生物，动物
5．In a wired world with constant global communication，we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear． ___
A．已准备好的 B．地位
C．姿势
B
A
1．我们周围有许多受人尊敬的人，对我来说，我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师。
There are many respectable people around us，and for me，_____________________________________________．
2．许多人之所以喜欢读这本诗集，是因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ and enjoy the innocence of childhood．
it is my English teacher (that/who) I respect most
The reason why many people love to read this collection of poems is
that they can feel the warmth of love
Ⅲ．写作迁移
3．人们花在社交媒体上的时间越多，他们就越不开心。
_______________ people spent on social media，__________________ they became．
The more time
the more unhappy
主题引领 写作提能
假定你是李华，上周日你们学校组织大家参观了鲸博物馆，请你写一篇短文向校英语报投稿，呼吁大家保护鲸，并与其他生物和谐相处。
Step1　写作微练
①近几年，生活在海洋中的鲸的数量下降了百分之八十，其种类也大大减少。
In recent years，_____________________________________________ ________________________ and _____________________ has also greatly decreased．
②大捕杀让鲸处于危险当中，使得它们难以存活下去。(it作形式宾语)
The great hunt ________________________．That _______________ _________________________．
the number of whales living in the ocean has dropped
by 80 per cent
the variety of them
puts whales in trouble
makes it
difficult for them to survive
③人类的贪婪越大，这种生物生存的机会就越小。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
_____________ the human greed is，_________________________ _______________．
④我们下定决心采取有效措施。
We ______________________________________．
⑤这种动物恐怕最终要在地球上灭绝。
This animal may ____________________ on the earth．
The greater
the less the chance the creature
will survive
determine to take effective measures
eventually die out
⑥幸运的是，国际社会已经意识到问题的严重性并正在寻找一切可能的解决方法。
Luckily，the international community is aware of the seriousness of the problem and _________________________________________．
⑦毕竟，地球不只是人类的家园。
___________ the earth is not just a home for human beings．
is in search of all possible solutions to it
After all
⑧只有人类与其他生物和谐相处，我们生活的世界才会更美好。(强调句型)
___________________________________________________________ the world we are living can be more beautiful．
It is only when human beings live in harmony with other creatures that
Step2　句式升级
⑨用动词-ing形式短语作结果状语改写句②
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑩用if引导条件状语从句合并句④和句⑤
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The great hunt puts whales in trouble，making it difficult for them to survive.
If we don't determine to take effective measures，this animal may eventually die out on the earth.
Step3　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
To raise students' awareness of protecting marine animals，last Sunday our school organised us to visit the Whale Museum，where I learned a lot about whales．The details are as follows．
In recent years，the number of whales living in the ocean has dropped by 80 per cent，and the variety of them has also greatly decreased．As we all know，the great hunt puts whales in trouble，making it difficult for them to survive．The greater the human greed is，
the less the chance the creature will survive．Therefore，if we don't determine to take effective measures，this animal may eventually die out on the earth．Luckily，the international community is aware of the seriousness of the problem and is in search of all possible solutions to it．After all，the earth is not just a home for human beings．As far as I'm concerned，it is only when human beings live in harmony with other creatures that the world we are living can be more beautiful．
教材语料 亮词 seek；determine；concentrate；hold your horses；freeze；stare；brave the elements；encounter；survive；amazing；shock；rain cats and dogs；path；breathtaking
Step 1　语料积累
教材语料 美句 1．When I finally stepped out of the trees，the view was breathtaking．
2．My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image．
3．Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first．My legs started shaking．
4．While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene，I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched．Slowly，and with the camera still held to my eye，I turned...and froze．
拓展语料 单词 glad adj．高兴的；giggle v．& n．咯咯笑；cheer n．欢呼声→cheerful adj．快乐的；高兴的；joy n．高兴；喜悦→ joyful adj．高兴的；happy adj．高兴的→happily adv．高兴地→happiness n．快乐，幸福；merry adj．高兴的→ merrily adv．高兴地
拓展 语料 词块 a sense/wave of joy and happiness sweeps/floods over sb．一种/阵喜悦和幸福感席卷某人；in high/cheerful spirits兴高采烈；be seized by joy/be overcome with happiness非常高兴；beam with smiles 笑逐颜开；laugh heartily开怀大笑；a mixture of excitement and delight既兴奋又开心
拓展 语料 句型 1．A sense of joy/pleasure welled up in him．(无灵主语句)
一阵喜悦感席卷了他。
2．The smile on her face shone like a diamond．(比喻句)
她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
3．She hummed and skipped in the forest like a bird．(比喻句)
她像鸟儿一样在森林里哼唱跳动。
4．Hearing/Seeing...，he was seized by joy．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
听到/看到……，他非常高兴。
Step2　语料运用
①突然，一只瘦骨嶙峋的白猫出现在我眼前，我惊呆了。
Suddenly，a white skinny cat came into sight and I ______________．
②但一想到那可能是我的猫，我就高兴地走上前，盯着那只猫看。
But ______________________ that it might be my cat urged me to step forward and stare at the cat．
froze in shock
the cheerful thought
③原来是我失散多年的猫，一种快乐和幸福的感觉席卷了我。
It turned out to be my long-lost cat and _________________________ ________________________________．(无灵主语句)
④那只猫听到我叫它的名字，高兴地朝我喵喵叫。
Hearing me calling its name，the cat mewed at me _______________．
⑤抱着我的猫，我像一只快乐的小鸟一样哼唱着蹦蹦跳跳地朝家走去。
With my cat in my arms，I ____________________________________ __________________．(比喻句)
a sense/wave of joy and
happiness swept/flooded over me
merrily/happily
hummed and skipped towards my home
like a happy bird
⑥我决定在家陪它，于是给老板打电话道歉并请了一天假。
__________________________________________，I phoned my boss to make an apology and ask for a day off．
⑦猫高兴地叫了一声。
The cat let out a mew of _______．
Having determined to keep it company at home
cheer
课时数智作业(五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·江苏南通三模)
Save A Dog，Inc．is a Massachusetts-based humane society．We take in dogs of all breeds，sizes，and shapes who have become homeless for one reason or another．We work with animal shelters in MA as well as out of state．We try to make the best match for applicants and dogs．
To date we have rescued and adopted over 8，000 dogs．We offer education to our adopters on how to use natural supplements and a good quality food to care for the new dog or pup．We offer on-site puppy kindergarten classes for our adopters during the months when the weather is favorable．We send our rescued dogs home with an adoption contract that ensures the dog will never again end up in a shelter again．We advocate positive reinforcement (强化) training for dogs at home．
We charge an adoption fee．Our adoption fees vary．For senior dogs (9 years and older)，the adoption donation ranges from $150 to $350．For adult dogs (older than 1 year) the donation is $450．Adolescent dogs range from $450－500，and the donation for puppies is $600．We are a 501c3 organization privately funded by donations and the adoption fees．We are always very grateful if you can add a little extra donation to help us continue our rescue work．
Our shelter is small and we cannot accommodate drop-in visits at this time．If you would like to meet our rescued dogs，please fill out an application for free and we will send you the next steps．If you have additional questions，the best way to reach us is via email to adoptions@saveadog．org．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个人道组织致力于救助无家可归的狗，并与本地及外州的动物收容所合作，为申请者与狗寻找最佳匹配。
1．What is the focus of Save A Dog，Inc．？(　　)
A．Deserted dogs． B．Animal shelters．
C．Rescued animals． D．Homeless persons．
A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“We take in dogs of all breeds，sizes，and shapes who have become homeless for one reason or another．”以及第二段中“To date we have rescued and adopted over 8，000 dogs．”可知，该组织的焦点是那些被遗弃的狗。故选A。]
√
2．What does Save A Dog，Inc．offer to adopters？(　　)
A．Reinforcement training．
B．Long-term home care．
C．Guidance on dog caring．
D．An employment contract．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“We offer education to our adopters on how to use natural supplements and a good quality food to care for the new dog or pup．We offer on-site puppy kindergarten classes for our adopters during the months when the weather is favorable．”可知，该组织为收养者提供照顾狗的指导。故选C。]
3．What can we learn about Save A Dog，Inc．？(　　)
A．It can be contacted and visited any time．
B．It charges most for adult dogs' adoption．
C．It requires an application at an extra charge．
D．It encourages donations to help with the work．
D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“We are always very grateful if you can add a little extra donation to help us continue our rescue work．”可知，该组织鼓励人们提供捐赠。故选D。]
√
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·陕西西安模拟)
The California sea otter (海獭)，once hunted to the edge of extinction，has staged a thrilling comeback in the last century．Now，scientists have discovered that the otters' success story has led to something just as remarkable: the restoration of their declining coastal marsh (沼泽) habitat．
Elkhorn Slough，a coastal marsh within Monterey Bay，had been experiencing severe damage．The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs，which fed heavily on the marsh plants，weakening the structural integrity of the habitat．Coastal marshes like these are not only natural defenses against storm waves but also serve as important carbon storage areas and water-cleaning systems．
The conservation-driven comeback of the sea otter has been crucial．California's coastlines were once alive with sea otters．Sadly，they were nearly wiped out at the hands of fur traders．In the 1980s，conservation efforts aided these otters in re-occupying large areas of their former range．Now，Elkhorn Slough has the highest concentration of sea otters in California，with a population of about 100．By naturally feasting on crabs，the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life．Brent Hughes，a scientist working alongside Angelini，led a three-year study．Their findings were clear: in areas with sea otters，crab numbers fell markedly．This led to a resurgence in plant growth，which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away．
As the sea otter population continues to restore，their positive impact on coastal ecosystems is likely to increase．It not only showcases the sea otter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect on its natural environment—but also highlights the essential nature of top predators (捕食者) in preserving ecological harmony．“My honest reaction was—this could become a classic in the literature，” says a scientist Lekelia Jenkins．She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding．“Suddenly，sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响，强调了保护濒危物种对生态平衡的重要性。
4．What change did the disappearance of sea otters bring about？(　　)
A．Fewer predatory crabs．
B．More coastal plants．
C．Better water-cleaning effect．
D．Worse coastal ecological balance．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，海獭的消失使岸边螃蟹数量不断增加，从而导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。故选D。]
5．What does the underlined word “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean？
(　　)
A．Barrier． B．Advancement．
C．Destruction． D．Revival．
√
D　[词义猜测题。画线词句前文“By naturally feasting on crabs，the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life．”说明海獭通过以螃蟹为食，可以帮助植物的再生。从而推知画线词应为“复苏”的意思，与D项同义。故选D。]
6．What is the author's purpose in quoting Lekelia Jenkins？(　　)
A．To highlight the importance of coastal marshes．
B．To introduce a new research study on sea otters．
C．To demonstrate the practical benefits of sea otters．
D．To emphasize the need for increased conservation efforts．
√
C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding．‘Suddenly，sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties．’”可知，作者引用Lekelia Jenkins的话是为了证明海獭对人类的实际益处，如减少洪水灾害等。故选C。]
7．What message is conveyed from sea otters' impact？(　　)
A．The necessity for controlled hunting．
B．The interconnectedness of the ecosystem．
C．The drawbacks of wildlife reintroduction．
D．The need for human intervention in nature．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，文章通过介绍海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响，传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息。故选B。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·福建厦门模拟)
Native wild horses in North America went extinct 10，000 years ago．In the 16th century，European settlers brought domesticated (驯化了的) horses to this continent，and their population multiplied．Some people consider them as a reintroduced native species，while others see them as invasive pests that damage ecosystems．Today there are more wild horses in the American West than the land can support，and the government has to control their numbers through birth-control vaccines and occasional but controversial killings．
However，Erick Lundgren，a postdoc at Aarhus University，notes that large plant-eaters play a crucial role in the ecosystem，where grass and shrubs are either consumed by animals or burned．Therefore，reintroducing extinct plant-eating mammals，like wild horses in this case，could potentially reduce the occurrence of fires．He advocates taking them off the rangelands (牧场)，where they're hated for competing with cattle for food，and strategically placing them where they can do what they do best and benefit the environment．
Although conservationists generally prefer native organisms to restore ecosystems，non-native species can fill in the ecological gaps left by extinct animals．A lot of research still looks at how bad invasive species are for the environment，but that's not the only possibility．For example，Australian saltwater crocodiles that were nearly extinct in the 1970s are now a species of“least concern”，thanks to the invasive pigs they've come to feast on．
“People will protest that a species doesn't belong here．But the word ‘belong’ isn't science；it's nativism，”Lundgren said．Many of the areas we consider “wilderness”today were ecologic created by native people who pruned (修剪) plants and watched over controlled burns．“We're changing the planet quickly yet refusing to let the living beings on it change with it，”he said．If we take away the issue of belonging and consciously assign the non-native species a role to play，what we're left with is a wilder and more diverse world．
【语篇解读】　本文为一篇说明文。文章通过控制北美野马数量的方式来告诉我们，对于外来物种要保持开放的态度，它们也是利于生态修复的。
8．What do we know about wild horses in North America today？(　　)
A．Their population grows rapidly．
B．They are native to the continent．
C．Their living spaces are narrowing．
D．They are protected from being killed．
A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，如今北美野马的数量增长迅速。故选A。]
√
9．How could we use wild horses to control wildfires？(　　)
A．Leave them undisturbed．
B．Remove them from rangelands．
C．Promote their reproductive rate．
D．Utilize their grass-eating nature．
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，可以利用野马吃草的本性来控制火灾。故选D。]
√
10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？(　　)
A．The value of non-native animals．
B．The efforts in ecosystem restoration．
C．The need for protecting native species．
D．The importance of preserving biodiversity．
A　[段落大意题。第三段第一句是中心句，结合后文举例可知，本段说明了非本地动物的价值。如果外来物种的作用发挥得当，是可以有利于生态修复的。故选A。]
√
11．What does the last paragraph suggest doing？(　　)
A．Reducing human impact on nature．
B．Forbidding invasion of new species．
C．Staying open to non-native animals．
D．Returning animals to native habitats．
C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者告诉我们对于外来物种要保持开放的态度，不能一概否定。故选C。]
√
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)
I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park，which was a seaside area in Karachi．There，I would always see the same elderly lady 1 the pigeons (鸽子)．The birds，usually around 10 to 15 in 2 ，would gather around her before she even had a 3 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag． It was the same each day，part of her 4 ．
I found that 5 her perform this ordinary task with such 6 was both calming and beautiful．
On this particular evening，the lady arrived at her 7 spot to feed the birds． But，as she 8 the bench(长凳)to sit down，her necklace (项链) fell to the ground．
I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set． Noticing that，I 9 to get it back for her． 10 ，before I reached it，one of the pigeons from the 11 picked up the necklace，
12 to the bench，and dropped it on her lap．
I couldn't 13 my eyes． The old lady，also 14 ，began laughing quietly to herself． I was 15 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在卡拉奇海边公园常看到一位老太太喂鸽子。一天，老太太的项链掉落，一只鸽子捡起并归还给她，令作者和老太太惊喜不已。
(　　)1．A．feeding　　 B．pursuing
C．training D．collecting
A　[根据后文“The birds，usually around 10 to 15 in _______，would gather around her before she even had a __________ to take the bag of rice out from her handbag．”可知，老太太拿着米袋，鸟儿聚集在她周围，所以她是在喂鸽子。故选A。]
√
(　　)2．A．age B．size
C．weight D．number
D　[这里表示鸽子的数量通常在10到15只左右。“in number”表示“在数量上”。故选D。]
√
(　　)3．A．wish B．chance
C．plan D．reason
B　[“have a chance to do sth．”表示“有机会做某事”。此处指在老太太有机会从手提包里拿出米袋之前，鸟儿就聚集过来了。故选B。]
√
(　　)4．A．job B．project
C．routine D．dream
C　[根据“It was the same each day”可知，这是老太太每天都做的事情，是她日常生活的一部分。“routine”表示“常规，例行公事”。故选C。]
√
(　　)5．A．watching B．helping
C．making D．hearing
A　[上文提到“我”在公园看日落时经常看到老太太喂鸽子，所以这里是说“我”看着她做这件普通的事情，A选项“watching”(观看)正确。故选A。]
√
(　　)6．A．confidence B．enthusiasm
C．flexibility D．precision
B　[“with enthusiasm”表示“热情地”。老太太每天热情地喂鸽子，“我”觉得这既平静又美好。故选B。]
√
(　　)7．A．original B．parking
C．hiding D．usual
D　[根据上文“It was the same each day”可知，老太太在她平常喂鸽子的地方。“usual”表示“通常的，平常的”。故选D。]
√
(　　)8．A．repaired B．approached
C．shared D．supported
B　[老太太走近长椅坐下时，项链掉了。“approach”表示“走近，靠近”。故选B。]
√
(　　)9．A．slipped in B．ran away
C．got up D．turned around
C　[“我”坐在附近的草地上，看到项链掉了，所以站起来去帮她捡。C选项“got up”(站起来)正确。故选C。]
√
(　　)10．A．However B．Afterwards
C．Gradually D．Fortunately
A　[“我”想帮老太太捡项链，然而在“我”捡到之前，一只鸽子捡起了项链。前后是转折关系。A选项“However”(然而)正确。故选A。]
√
(　　)11．A．sea B．tree
C．pair D．group
D　[这里指的是那群鸽子中的一只。“group”表示“群，组”。故选D。]
√
(　　)12．A．walked B．stuck
C．pointed D．flew
D　[鸽子捡起项链后飞向长椅，把项链放在老太太腿上。“fly”表示“飞”。故选D。]
√
(　　)13．A．lift B．cover
C．believe D．close
C　[看到鸽子捡起项链并放在老太太腿上，“我”不敢相信自己的眼睛。“believe”表示“相信”。故选C。]
√
(　　)14．A．satisfied B．surprised
C．annoyed D．frightened
B　[老太太看到鸽子的举动也很惊讶。“surprised”表示“惊讶的”，B选项正确。故选B。]
√
(　　)15．A．caught B．hit
C．left D．met
C　[“我”脸上带着大大的笑容离开。“left”表示“离开”。故选C。]
√
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·福建泉州模拟)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 David准备参加以“保护野生动物”为主题的海报设计大赛，现就参赛作品初稿征求你的意见，请回复邮件，内容包括：
1．提出存在的问题(缺少激励人们采取行动的信息、图片质量差、布局混乱……)；
2．提出修改建议(使用简洁、有说服力的信息，使用高质量图片……)。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear David，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear David，
Having reviewed your initial draft for the poster design competition on “Protecting Wildlife”，I'm writing to offer some suggestions for improvement．
Your design seems to lack a message that can motivate people to take action．Additionally，the quality of the images and the cluttered layout need to be improved．Therefore，I suggest you use a concise and
convincing message and high-quality images relevant to the theme．Meanwhile，you'd better simplify the layout by removing some unnecessary elements that distract attention from the message．
I hope my feedback is helpful．Best of luck with your design．
Yours，
Li Hua
谢 谢！课时数智作业(五)
必修第一册　Unit 5　Into the wild
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·江苏南通三模)
Save A Dog，Inc．is a Massachusetts-based humane society．We take in dogs of all breeds，sizes，and shapes who have become homeless for one reason or another．We work with animal shelters in MA as well as out of state．We try to make the best match for applicants and dogs．
To date we have rescued and adopted over 8，000 dogs．We offer education to our adopters on how to use natural supplements and a good quality food to care for the new dog or pup．We offer on-site puppy kindergarten classes for our adopters during the months when the weather is favorable．We send our rescued dogs home with an adoption contract that ensures the dog will never again end up in a shelter again．We advocate positive reinforcement (强化) training for dogs at home．
We charge an adoption fee．Our adoption fees vary．For senior dogs (9 years and older)，the adoption donation ranges from $150 to $350．For adult dogs (older than 1 year) the donation is $450．Adolescent dogs range from $450－500，and the donation for puppies is $600．We are a 501c3 organization privately funded by donations and the adoption fees．We are always very grateful if you can add a little extra donation to help us continue our rescue work．
Our shelter is small and we cannot accommodate drop-in visits at this time．If you would like to meet our rescued dogs，please fill out an application for free and we will send you the next steps．If you have additional questions，the best way to reach us is via email to adoptions@saveadog．org．
1．What is the focus of Save A Dog，Inc．？(　　)
A．Deserted dogs． B．Animal shelters．
C．Rescued animals． D．Homeless persons．
2．What does Save A Dog，Inc．offer to adopters？(　　)
A．Reinforcement training．
B．Long-term home care．
C．Guidance on dog caring．
D．An employment contract．
3．What can we learn about Save A Dog，Inc．？(　　)
A．It can be contacted and visited any time．
B．It charges most for adult dogs' adoption．
C．It requires an application at an extra charge．
D．It encourages donations to help with the work．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·陕西西安模拟)
The California sea otter (海獭)，once hunted to the edge of extinction，has staged a thrilling comeback in the last century．Now，scientists have discovered that the otters' success story has led to something just as remarkable: the restoration of their declining coastal marsh (沼泽) habitat．
Elkhorn Slough，a coastal marsh within Monterey Bay，had been experiencing severe damage．The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs，which fed heavily on the marsh plants，weakening the structural integrity of the habitat．Coastal marshes like these are not only natural defenses against storm waves but also serve as important carbon storage areas and water-cleaning systems．
The conservation-driven comeback of the sea otter has been crucial．California's coastlines were once alive with sea otters．Sadly，they were nearly wiped out at the hands of fur traders．In the 1980s，conservation efforts aided these otters in re-occupying large areas of their former range．Now，Elkhorn Slough has the highest concentration of sea otters in California，with a population of about 100．By naturally feasting on crabs，the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life．Brent Hughes，a scientist working alongside Angelini，led a three-year study．Their findings were clear: in areas with sea otters，crab numbers fell markedly．This led to a resurgence in plant growth，which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away．
As the sea otter population continues to restore，their positive impact on coastal ecosystems is likely to increase．It not only showcases the sea otter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect on its natural environment—but also highlights the essential nature of top predators (捕食者) in preserving ecological harmony．“My honest reaction was—this could become a classic in the literature，” says a scientist Lekelia Jenkins．She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding．“Suddenly，sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties．”
4．What change did the disappearance of sea otters bring about？(　　)
A．Fewer predatory crabs．
B．More coastal plants．
C．Better water-cleaning effect．
D．Worse coastal ecological balance．
5．What does the underlined word “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean？(　　)
A．Barrier． B．Advancement．
C．Destruction． D．Revival．
6．What is the author's purpose in quoting Lekelia Jenkins？(　　)
A．To highlight the importance of coastal marshes．
B．To introduce a new research study on sea otters．
C．To demonstrate the practical benefits of sea otters．
D．To emphasize the need for increased conservation efforts．
7．What message is conveyed from sea otters' impact？(　　)
A．The necessity for controlled hunting．
B．The interconnectedness of the ecosystem．
C．The drawbacks of wildlife reintroduction．
D．The need for human intervention in nature．
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·福建厦门模拟)
Native wild horses in North America went extinct 10，000 years ago．In the 16th century，European settlers brought domesticated (驯化了的) horses to this continent，and their population multiplied．Some people consider them as a reintroduced native species，while others see them as invasive pests that damage ecosystems．Today there are more wild horses in the American West than the land can support，and the government has to control their numbers through birth-control vaccines and occasional but controversial killings．
However，Erick Lundgren，a postdoc at Aarhus University，notes that large plant-eaters play a crucial role in the ecosystem，where grass and shrubs are either consumed by animals or burned．Therefore，reintroducing extinct plant-eating mammals，like wild horses in this case，could potentially reduce the occurrence of fires．He advocates taking them off the rangelands (牧场)，where they're hated for competing with cattle for food，and strategically placing them where they can do what they do best and benefit the environment．
Although conservationists generally prefer native organisms to restore ecosystems，non-native species can fill in the ecological gaps left by extinct animals．A lot of research still looks at how bad invasive species are for the environment，but that's not the only possibility．For example，Australian saltwater crocodiles that were nearly extinct in the 1970s are now a species of“least concern”，thanks to the invasive pigs they've come to feast on．
“People will protest that a species doesn't belong here．But the word ‘belong’ isn't science；it's nativism，”Lundgren said．Many of the areas we consider “wilderness”today were ecologic created by native people who pruned (修剪) plants and watched over controlled burns．“We're changing the planet quickly yet refusing to let the living beings on it change with it，”he said．If we take away the issue of belonging and consciously assign the non-native species a role to play，what we're left with is a wilder and more diverse world．
8．What do we know about wild horses in North America today？(　　)
A．Their population grows rapidly．
B．They are native to the continent．
C．Their living spaces are narrowing．
D．They are protected from being killed．
9．How could we use wild horses to control wildfires？(　　)
A．Leave them undisturbed．
B．Remove them from rangelands．
C．Promote their reproductive rate．
D．Utilize their grass-eating nature．
10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？(　　)
A．The value of non-native animals．
B．The efforts in ecosystem restoration．
C．The need for protecting native species．
D．The importance of preserving biodiversity．
11．What does the last paragraph suggest doing？(　　)
A．Reducing human impact on nature．
B．Forbidding invasion of new species．
C．Staying open to non-native animals．
D．Returning animals to native habitats．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)
I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park，which was a seaside area in Karachi．There，I would always see the same elderly lady 1 the pigeons (鸽子)．The birds，usually around 10 to 15 in 2 ，would gather around her before she even had a 3 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag． It was the same each day，part of her 4 ．
I found that 5 her perform this ordinary task with such 6 was both calming and beautiful．
On this particular evening，the lady arrived at her 7 spot to feed the birds． But，as she 8 the bench(长凳)to sit down，her necklace (项链) fell to the ground．
I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set． Noticing that，I 9 to get it back for her． 10 ，before I reached it，one of the pigeons from the 11 picked up the necklace， 12 to the bench，and dropped it on her lap．
I couldn't 13 my eyes． The old lady，also 14 ，began laughing quietly to herself． I was 15 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset．
(　　)1．A．feeding　　 B．pursuing
C．training D．collecting
(　　)2．A．age B．size
C．weight D．number
(　　)3．A．wish B．chance
C．plan D．reason
(　　)4．A．job B．project
C．routine D．dream
(　　)5．A．watching B．helping
C．making D．hearing
(　　)6．A．confidence B．enthusiasm
C．flexibility D．precision
(　　)7．A．original B．parking
C．hiding D．usual
(　　)8．A．repaired B．approached
C．shared D．supported
(　　)9．A．slipped in B．ran away
C．got up D．turned around
(　　)10．A．However B．Afterwards
C．Gradually D．Fortunately
(　　)11．A．sea B．tree
C．pair D．group
(　　)12．A．walked B．stuck
C．pointed D．flew
(　　)13．A．lift B．cover
C．believe D．close
(　　)14．A．satisfied B．surprised
C．annoyed D．frightened
(　　)15．A．caught B．hit
C．left D．met
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·福建泉州模拟)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 David准备参加以“保护野生动物”为主题的海报设计大赛，现就参赛作品初稿征求你的意见，请回复邮件，内容包括：
1．提出存在的问题(缺少激励人们采取行动的信息、图片质量差、布局混乱……)；
2．提出修改建议(使用简洁、有说服力的信息，使用高质量图片……)。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear David，
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
课时数智作业(五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个人道组织致力于救助无家可归的狗，并与本地及外州的动物收容所合作，为申请者与狗寻找最佳匹配。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“We take in dogs of all breeds，sizes，and shapes who have become homeless for one reason or another．”以及第二段中“To date we have rescued and adopted over 8，000 dogs．”可知，该组织的焦点是那些被遗弃的狗。故选A。]
2．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“We offer education to our adopters on how to use natural supplements and a good quality food to care for the new dog or pup．We offer on-site puppy kindergarten classes for our adopters during the months when the weather is favorable．”可知，该组织为收养者提供照顾狗的指导。故选C。]
3．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“We are always very grateful if you can add a little extra donation to help us continue our rescue work．”可知，该组织鼓励人们提供捐赠。故选D。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响，强调了保护濒危物种对生态平衡的重要性。
4．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，海獭的消失使岸边螃蟹数量不断增加，从而导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。故选D。]
5．D　[词义猜测题。画线词句前文“By naturally feasting on crabs，the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life．”说明海獭通过以螃蟹为食，可以帮助植物的再生。从而推知画线词应为“复苏”的意思，与D项同义。故选D。]
6．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding．‘Suddenly，sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties．’”可知，作者引用Lekelia Jenkins的话是为了证明海獭对人类的实际益处，如减少洪水灾害等。故选C。]
7．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，文章通过介绍海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响，传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息。故选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文为一篇说明文。文章通过控制北美野马数量的方式来告诉我们，对于外来物种要保持开放的态度，它们也是利于生态修复的。
8．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，如今北美野马的数量增长迅速。故选A。]
9．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，可以利用野马吃草的本性来控制火灾。故选D。]
10．A　[段落大意题。第三段第一句是中心句，结合后文举例可知，本段说明了非本地动物的价值。如果外来物种的作用发挥得当，是可以有利于生态修复的。故选A。]
11．C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者告诉我们对于外来物种要保持开放的态度，不能一概否定。故选C。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在卡拉奇海边公园常看到一位老太太喂鸽子。一天，老太太的项链掉落，一只鸽子捡起并归还给她，令作者和老太太惊喜不已。
1．A　[根据后文“The birds，usually around 10 to 15 in _______，would gather around her before she even had a __________ to take the bag of rice out from her handbag．”可知，老太太拿着米袋，鸟儿聚集在她周围，所以她是在喂鸽子。故选A。]
2．D　[这里表示鸽子的数量通常在10到15只左右。“in number”表示“在数量上”。故选D。]
3．B　[“have a chance to do sth．”表示“有机会做某事”。此处指在老太太有机会从手提包里拿出米袋之前，鸟儿就聚集过来了。故选B。]
4．C　[根据“It was the same each day”可知，这是老太太每天都做的事情，是她日常生活的一部分。“routine”表示“常规，例行公事”。故选C。]
5．A　[上文提到“我”在公园看日落时经常看到老太太喂鸽子，所以这里是说“我”看着她做这件普通的事情，A选项“watching”(观看)正确。故选A。]
6．B　[“with enthusiasm”表示“热情地”。老太太每天热情地喂鸽子，“我”觉得这既平静又美好。故选B。]
7．D　[根据上文“It was the same each day”可知，老太太在她平常喂鸽子的地方。“usual”表示“通常的，平常的”。故选D。]
8．B　[老太太走近长椅坐下时，项链掉了。“approach”表示“走近，靠近”。故选B。]
9．C　[“我”坐在附近的草地上，看到项链掉了，所以站起来去帮她捡。C选项“got up”(站起来)正确。故选C。]
10．A　[“我”想帮老太太捡项链，然而在“我”捡到之前，一只鸽子捡起了项链。前后是转折关系。A选项“However”(然而)正确。故选A。]
11．D　[这里指的是那群鸽子中的一只。“group”表示“群，组”。故选D。]
12．D　[鸽子捡起项链后飞向长椅，把项链放在老太太腿上。“fly”表示“飞”。故选D。]
13．C　[看到鸽子捡起项链并放在老太太腿上，“我”不敢相信自己的眼睛。“believe”表示“相信”。故选C。]
14．B　[老太太看到鸽子的举动也很惊讶。“surprised”表示“惊讶的”，B选项正确。故选B。]
15．C　[“我”脸上带着大大的笑容离开。“left”表示“离开”。故选C。]
Ⅲ．【参考范文】
　Dear David，　
Having reviewed your initial draft for the poster design competition on “Protecting Wildlife”，I'm writing to offer some suggestions for improvement．
Your design seems to lack a message that can motivate people to take action．Additionally，the quality of the images and the cluttered layout need to be improved．Therefore，I suggest you use a concise and convincing message and high-quality images relevant to the theme．Meanwhile，you'd better simplify the layout by removing some unnecessary elements that distract attention from the message．
I hope my feedback is helpful．Best of luck with your design．
　Yours，　
　Li Hua　
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