资源简介

|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．merchant n．　　　　 商人；批发商adj.海上货运的
2．fleet n. 舰队；机群；车队
3．behold vt. (beheld, beheld)看；看见
4．league n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛
5．royal adj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的
6．spice n. (调味)香料
7．channel n. 航道；海峡；频道
8．maritime adj. 海的；海运的；海事的
9．politics n. 政治；政治观点
10．tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛
11．laptop n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
12．submersible n. 潜水器；可潜船
13．underwater adv. 在水下adj.水下的
14．capsule n. 胶囊；太空舱
15．coral n. 珊瑚
16．directory n. 名录；电话号码簿；
(计算机文件或程序的)目录
17．marine adj. 海的；海产的；海生的
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．tale n. 故事；叙述
2．bond n. 纽带；关系
vt.& vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合
3．tax vt. 对……征税；使纳税n.税；税款
4．manned adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的
5．meanwhile adv. 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
6．opponent n. 反对者；对手；竞争者
7．log vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录
n. 正式记录；日志；原木
8．arrest n. 逮捕； 拘留；中止
vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．extend vt.　　　 扩展；使伸长；延长
extension n. 扩大；延伸
extensive adj. 广泛的；广阔的
2．negotiate vt. 商定；达成(协议)
vi. 谈判；磋商；协商
negotiation n. 谈判；协商
3．withdraw vi.& vt. (使)撤回；撤离；退出；收回；取
withdrawal n. 收回；撤回；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
4．profession n. 职业；行业
professional adj. 专业的；职业的
n. 职业运动员
professionally adv. 专业地；内行地
5．mix vt.& vi. (使)混合；调配
mixed adj. 混合的
mixture n. 混合；结合体；混合物
6．cover v. 覆盖；报道
coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围
7．applaud vt.& vi. 鼓掌
vt. 称赞；赞赏
applause n. 鼓掌；掌声
8．migrate v. 移居；移动；迁移
migration n. 迁移；迁徙；移居
9．exploit vt. 开发；利用；剥削
exploitation n. 开发，开采；利用；剥削
10．murder vt. 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀
murderer n. 杀人犯；杀人凶手
11．mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
12．possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配
possession n. 个人财产；拥有；控制
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．后缀 al形容词聚焦
①professional专业的 　 ②cultural 　 文化的
③magical 有魔力的 ④educational 教育的
⑤musical 音乐的 ⑥natural 自然的
2． ture结尾名词扫描
①mixture 混合物 ②furniture 家具
③architecture 建筑 ④departure 出发；离开
⑤signature 签名；签字 ⑥culture 文化
|背|短|语|
1．set sail　　　　　　　　 起航；开航
2．in a league of one's own 独领风骚
3．withdraw from 退出；撤回
4．in hand 在手头；可供使用
5．search for 寻找；搜寻
6．lead to 导致；通向
7．under the command of 在……指挥下
8．in return 作为报答
9．for the benefit of 为了……的利益
10．in order to 为了
11．a mixture of ……的混合体
12．take action 采取措施
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.(动词不定式短语作主语)
在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。
2．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.(过去分词短语作定语)随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：海洋保护
1．The ocean provides so many benefits, almost in every aspect of our life, ensuring the existence and development of humans.
海洋提供了如此多的好处，几乎在我们生活的方方面面，确保了人类的生存和发展。
2．The marine resources are so important that we should take some measures to protect them.
海洋资源是如此的重要以至于我们应该采取一些措施去保护它们。
3．To live in harmony with the ocean, we should develop the habit of cutting down on waste and saving every drop of water.为了与海洋和谐共处，我们应该养成减少浪费、节约每一滴水的习惯。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：场景渲染之“哭泣”场景
Depression hung over him like a heavy dark cloud and tears welled up in his eyes. I patted him on the shoulder gently, gave him an encouraging look and ventured in a soft voice, “You are a regular boy, David. Maybe you were born with some physical defects, but your strong determination will cover the shortages.” After a split second of pause, David nodded slightly, tears giving way to the usual big toothy smile.
忧郁像沉重的乌云笼罩着他，眼泪夺眶而出。我轻轻地拍着他的肩膀，显出一副劲头十足的样子，小心翼翼地轻声说，“大卫，你是一个普通孩子，也许你身体天生有些缺陷，但你强大的决心会掩盖你的不足。”停顿片刻之后，大卫轻轻点点头，破涕为笑了。
高分悟道 本段中使用 “tears welled up in his eyes”表示哭的动作描写，刻画了大卫悲伤的心情；“tears giving way to the usual big toothy smile”表达了大卫由哭转笑的情感变化，突出了大卫的决心。
高分有招 表示“哭”的高分词块有： can't help crying bitterly　忍不住痛哭起来 tears running/rolling/streaming down her face 泪水在她脸上流淌 burst into tears/burst out crying　突然哭起来 fight back tears 抑制住泪水
本部分内容见《课前默写本》P658
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点
1．If you are in need of a deadline 　　　　　 (extend)，simply explain the situation to your professor.
2．The audience stayed silent, listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of 　　　　　 (applaud) at the end.
3．It is reported that 　　　　　 (negotiate) broke down because one side refused to keep the rule.
4．We learn traditional Chinese art such as Beijing Opera under the guidance of 　　　　　 (profession) teachers.
5．As a journalist，it's your duty to cover the fact and you are responsible for your 　　　　　 (cover)．
6．If you experience any unusual symptoms after 　　　　　 (withdraw) of the treatment, then contact your doctor.
易错微点
1．extend的常用搭配有extend to“延长到”，extend by“延长了”，extend one's heartfelt gratitude to“由衷感谢……”。
2．applaud变名词时，需要去d再加se；其常用搭配为applaud sb. for sth.“因某事称赞某人”。
自主空间：　
　
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳
1．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物
①It's much better if you can sometimes mix business 　　　　　 pleasure.
②With 　　　　　 (mix) feelings in his heart, he doesn't know how to express his thoughts in an appropriate way.
③(情绪描写)When she read the cards, tears of happiness 　　　　　　　　　　 fell onto those postcards.
当她读贺卡时，夹杂着激动的幸福的泪水滴落在那些明信片上。
④(情绪描写)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 seized me，which made me like a cat on hot bricks.
恐惧和怜悯交织在一起，攫住了我，使我像热锅上的蚂蚁。
(1)a mixture of ...　 ……的混合物
(2)mix vt.& vi. 混合；调配
mix ...with ... 把……与……混合起来
mix with sth./sb. 与某物相融合/与某人交往
mix up 弄错；弄乱；混淆
mix ...up with ... 把……和……搞混
(3)mixed adj. 混合的
2．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
①She is a kindhearted woman and often has mercy 　　　 people who are in trouble.
②She has been 　　　　　 (mercy) to animals since she was a child.
③(环境描写)There was not a plant to be seen, and the noonday sun beat down on them 　　　　　　　　　　.
视野内看不到一株植物，午间的太阳无情地炙烤着他们。
④(环境描写)　　　　　　　　　　　　， the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn't stand up straight.
在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。
(1)show mercy to/have mercy on 对……怜悯或宽恕
without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地
at the mercy of ... 任由……摆布或控制
(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的
merciless adj. 残忍的；无情的
3.possession n．[pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制
①The famous tennis player 　　　　　 (possess) of great perseverance.
②He lost all his 　　　　　 (possess), but he didn't lose hope for the life.
③(主旨升华句)Happiness is not wishing for what we don't have, but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I encouraged David who was at a loss，“Do keep in mind that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.”(倒装句，possess)
我鼓励不知所措的大卫：“务必记住，只有拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。”
(1)in possession of 占有；拥有；持有
in sb.'s possession＝in the possession of sb.为某人所有；在某人的控制下
get/take/gain possession of　　　　　　拥有；占有
(2)possess vt. (不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
(3)possessed adj. 拥有的；占有的；具有的
be possessed of 具有(某品质、能力等)
be possessed by 为……所支配
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏
1．in hand在手头；可供使用
(用hand的相关短语填空)
①As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go 　　　　.”
②Having enough data 　　　　　， we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled.
③Meanwhile, you'd better keep a dictionary close 　　　　 so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.
④Even for personal letters，I would rather use a computer than write 　　　　　　　　.
⑤On the one hand, computers extend our vision; 　　　　　　 　， they also bring about some harmful problems.
⑥Whenever I am in trouble, it is you who 　　　　　　　 without hesitation.
at hand　　　　 近在手边；在附近
by hand 手工；用手的
hand in hand 手挽手；密切关联
on the one hand ... on the other hand
一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)
give sb. a hand 给予某人帮助；对某人施以援手
2．lead to导致；通向
①Thank you for leading us 　　　　　 (pay) a visit to your school last month!
②With a guide 　　　　　 (lead) the way, we arrived at a village, where we found the local people leading a happy life.
③The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's 　　　　　　　　　　 (catch)．
④(人物描写)It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 despite his great wealth.
难以置信的是尽管卢卡斯先生很富有，他却过着俭朴的生活。
⑤(名言警句)As we all know, success lies in hard work while 　　　　　　　　　　.
众所周知，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。
ead to (one's/one) doing sth. 导致(某人)做某事
lead sb.to do sth. 引导某人做某事
lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
名师指津：lead to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词 ing形式。表示“导致；造成”的短语还有：result in，contribute to, bring about等。
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
1.①The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds.______ ②The following day，the taxi driver was released on $5,000 bond.______ ③It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.______ ④The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.______ 1.bond A．n.纽带；关系 B．n.保释金 C．vt.使牢固结合 D．vi.增强信任关系
2.①I wanted to withdraw $4,000 from my bank account.______ ②I'm writing to you because I heard you are going to withdraw from the speech class.______ ③Sensing his mistake, the minister withdrew his statement later.______ 2.withdraw A．vi.退出 B．vt.收回(发言、意见等) C．vt.取(存款等)
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
(2021·全国乙卷· 阅读理解C篇)You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re examine their relationship to single use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10 foot tall plastic waves, frozen mid crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.,
[真题评价]
1．What are Von Wong's artworks intended for？(　 )
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
B．Introducing eco friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3？(　　)
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers？(　　)
A．Calming.　　　　　　 B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“主张—反应”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(派生词)He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re examine their relationship to single?use plastic products.__________
②(一词多义)Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.___________
③(熟词生义)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.__________；__________
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①make a difference　　　　________________
②make its first appearance ________________
③by no means ________________
④come under fire ________________
⑤look like ________________
⑥all at once ________________
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
抓标志：并列连词__________和第一个________；从属连词第一个__________
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋并列复合句(含一个原因状语从句)
试翻译：塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但它们最近受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要用它们来喝(饮料)，而且由于它们的体积和重量小，它们无法回收。
2．Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
抓标志：关系代词__________
判类型：主语(含一个定语从句)＋谓语＋宾语(含一个定语从句)
试翻译：Von Wong艺术作品中的每一根吸管都可能来自饮料，这些吸管人们只使用了几分钟。
3．For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
抓标志：关系代词__________
判类型：分词短语作状语＋主句＋定语从句(含一个宾语从句)
试翻译：在这个名为“一卡车的塑料”的作品中，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，看起来像是一起从一辆卡车上倾倒下来。
由教材典句，学高级表达
句式　过去分词短语作定语
|解|读|规|则|
(1)过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成，与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2)过去分词短语作定语时，要放在名词后面，作后置定语；单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，放在名词的前面。
|习|练|规|则|　(变换句式)
①The water and air which are polluted are harmful to people's health.
→　　　　　　　　　　　 are harmful to people's health.
②Our group would like to organize a book donation activity which is named “Sharing Books, Passing Love” for my primary school.
→Our group would like to organize a book donation activity 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for my primary school.
|应|用|写|美|
③(邀请信)音乐节由两部分组成，将使我们更多地了解中国民间音乐。
The music festival, 　　　　　　　　　　， will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music.
④(动作描写)我们躺在草地上，凝视着被闪烁的星星点缀的夜空。
We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一)　海洋的现状
1．drop sharply　　　　　　 　 急剧减少
2．be poured into the ocean 被倾倒入海洋中
3．make an alarming discovery 惊人的发现
4．be faced with a severe situation 面临着严峻的形势
5．destroy the balance of life in the ocean
破坏海洋中生命的平衡
6．In recent years, overfishing and pollution have put the oceans in great danger.
近年来，过度捕捞和污染已使海洋处于极大的危险之中。
7．Covering about 70 percent of Earth's surface, the ocean is home to a wide variety of marine life, and is the main source of protein for people around the world.
海洋约占地球表面的70%，是各种海洋生物的家园，也是全球人类蛋白质的主要来源。
子语境(二)　保护海洋的措施
1．ban overfishing strictly严格禁止过度捕捞
2．maintain the balance of ecosystem 维持生态平衡
3．promote marine development 促进海洋发展
4．arouse people's awareness of protecting the sea唤起人们保护海洋的意识
5．protect vast amounts of resources under the sea保护海洋下的大量资源
6．punish those who go against the law for causingpollution惩罚那些因造成污染而违法的人
7．It's high time that we took measures to protect oceans.
是我们采取措施保护海洋的时候了。
8．We need to protect our oceans by reducing the amount of pollution that is entering them.
我们需要通过减少进入海洋的污染来保护海洋。
子语境(三)　保护海洋的意义
1.be rich in natural resources 自然资源丰富
2．further develop relations with ... 进一步发展与……的关系
3．clean up and protect the sea for future generations
为子孙后代清理和保护海洋
4．encourage cooperation and trade across the Maritime Silk Road areas
鼓励与海上丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易
5．Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes.
进入深海也可能有助于我们预测地震等事件。
6．The ocean not only provides us with abundant sea food, but also plays a vital part in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的海洋食物，而且在维持生态系统的平衡方面也起着至关重要的作用。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现)
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
When it comes to the ocean, it ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (面临着严峻的形势). World Oceans Day falls on June 8th, whose aim is to ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(唤起人们保护海洋的意识)．
The ocean，which plays a vital role，not only offers us sufficient food，but also
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (维持生态平衡). For the benefit of the human being, ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (迫切需要采取措施) to protect the ocean.To make our contributions，we students can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. In the meanwhile, we should stop overfishing the marine life.
All in all, ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (现在是……的时候了) we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean, ⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (以便我们可以建设一个更和谐的世界) and live a better life in the future.
(二)对标单元主题创写语段
寒风呼啸的夜晚，山姆驾船出海，他没有察觉到一场风暴正在酝酿之中。请你根据所给首句提示，写一个片段，描写山姆在海上所经历的遭遇。注意要有场景、动作及心理描写。
With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything，Sam set sail on a freezing night.　
　
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
[课堂学案·过词汇关]
一、变形词汇
1.extension　2.applause　3.negotiation　4.professional　
5.coverage　6.withdrawal
二、重点词汇
1.①with　②mixed　③mixed with excitement
④A mixture of fear and mercy
2.①on　②merciful　③without mercy
④At the mercy of the strong wind
3.①is possessed　②possessions　③enjoying what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of　④only by possessing/being possessed of a good state of mind can you attain success
三、重点短语
1.①hand in hand　②in hand　③at hand　④by hand　
⑤on the other hand　⑥give me a hand
2.①to pay　②leading　③being caught　
④leads/lives a simple life　⑤laziness leads to failure
四、一词多义
1.①C　②B　③D　④A　2.①C　②A　③B
[迁移应用·过阅读关]
[真题评价]
[价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑,从而引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注。我们在欣赏作品的同时,深刻领会其寓意,即一根塑料吸管虽小,但千万根塑料吸管扔进大海就“堆积如山”。文章旨在唤醒我们要提高环保意识,保护我们的海洋。
1.C　2.A　3.B　4.D　
[语篇精读]
二、1.①v.再次检查;重新考虑　②n.废物,废弃物　
③n.作品　v.迫使
2.①有影响,起作用　②首次亮相　③绝不
④受到攻击,受到批评　⑤看起来像　⑥突然,忽然;一起
三、1.but　and　because　2.that　3.which
[发展提升·过表达关]
由教材典句,学高级表达
[句式]　①The polluted water and air
②named “Sharing Books, Passing Love”　③made up of two parts
④spotted with twinkling stars
主题微写作,勤练笔不辍
(一)①is faced with a severe situation　②arouse people’s awareness of protecting the ocean　③maintains the balance of ecosystem　④there is an urgent need to take action/measures
⑤it is high time that
⑥so that we can build a more harmonious world
(二)参考范文:
With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything,Sam set sail on a freezing night. The storm was gaining strength on land, but had not yet reached a place far from the coast. Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride.They were completely at the mercy of the storm. The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea, throwing them in complete darkness.Only then did the fear begin to seize Sam.Then the dark sea along with the howling wind witnessed a death and life struggle between humans and nature.Fortunately, the stormy sea finally calmed down and the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon.
16 / 16(共140张PPT)
UNIT 3　 SEA EXPLORATION
目录
CONTENTS
迁移应用—过阅读关
03.
发展提升—过表达关
04.
自主学习—过识记关
01.
课堂学案—过词汇关
02.
课下双测—过高考关
05.
1
自主学习—过识记关
|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．merchant n．　　　　 商人；批发商
adj. 海上货运的
2．fleet n. 舰队；机群；车队
3．behold vt. (beheld, beheld)看；看见
4．league n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛
5．royal adj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的
6．spice n. (调味)香料
7．channel n. 航道；海峡；频道
8．maritime adj. 海的；海运的；海事的
9．politics n. 政治；政治观点
10．tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛
11．laptop n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
12．submersible n. 潜水器；可潜船
13．underwater adv. 在水下
adj. 水下的
14．capsule n. 胶囊；太空舱
15．coral n. 珊瑚
16．directory n. 名录；电话号码簿； (计算机文件或程序的)目录
17．marine adj. 海的；海产的；海生的
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．tale n. 故事；叙述
2．bond n. 纽带；关系
vt.& vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合
3．tax vt. 对……征税；使纳税
n. 税；税款
4．manned adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的
5．meanwhile adv. 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
6．opponent n. 反对者；对手；竞争者
7．log vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录
n. 正式记录；日志；原木
8．arrest n. 逮捕； 拘留；中止
vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．extend vt.　　　 扩展；使伸长；延长
extension n. 扩大；延伸
extensive adj. 广泛的；广阔的
2．negotiate vt. 商定；达成(协议)
vi. 谈判；磋商；协商
negotiation n. 谈判；协商
3．withdraw vi.& vt. (使)撤回；撤离；退出；收回；取
withdrawal n. 收回；撤回；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
4．profession n. 职业；行业
professional adj. 专业的；职业的
n. 职业运动员
professionally adv. 专业地；内行地
5．mix vt.& vi. (使)混合；调配
mixed adj. 混合的
mixture n. 混合；结合体；混合物
6．cover v. 覆盖；报道
coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围
7．applaud vt.& vi. 鼓掌vt. 称赞；赞赏
applause n. 鼓掌；掌声
8．migrate v. 移居；移动；迁移
migration n. 迁移；迁徙；移居
9．exploit vt. 开发；利用；剥削
exploitation n. 开发，开采；利用；剥削
10．murder vt. 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏
n. 谋杀；凶杀
murderer n. 杀人犯；杀人凶手
11．mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
12．possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配
possession n. 个人财产；拥有；控制
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．后缀 al形容词聚焦
①professional 专业的 　 ②cultural 　 文化的
③magical 有魔力的 ④educational 教育的
⑤musical 音乐的 ⑥natural 自然的
2． ture结尾名词扫描
①mixture 混合物 ②furniture 家具
③architecture 建筑 ④departure 出发；离开
⑤signature 签名；签字 ⑥culture 文化
|背|短|语|
1．set sail　　　　　　　　　　 起航；开航
2．in a league of one's own 独领风骚
3．withdraw from 退出；撤回
4．in hand 在手头；可供使用
5．search for 寻找；搜寻
6．lead to 导致；通向
7．under the command of 在……指挥下
8．in return 作为报答
9．for the benefit of 为了……的利益
10．in order to 为了
11．a mixture of ……的混合体
12．take action 采取措施
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.(动词不定式短语作主语)
在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。
2．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.(过去分词短语作定语)
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：海洋保护
1．The ocean provides so many benefits, almost in every aspect of our life, ensuring the existence and development of humans.
海洋提供了如此多的好处，几乎在我们生活的方方面面，确保了人类的生存和发展。
2．The marine resources are so important that we should take some measures to protect them.
海洋资源是如此的重要以至于我们应该采取一些措施去保护它们。
3．To live in harmony with the ocean, we should develop the habit of cutting down on waste and saving every drop of water.
为了与海洋和谐共处，我们应该养成减少浪费、节约每一滴水的习惯。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：场景渲染之“哭泣”场景
Depression hung over him like a heavy dark cloud and tears welled up in his eyes. I patted him on the shoulder gently, gave him an encouraging look and ventured in a soft voice, “You are a regular boy, David. Maybe you were born with some physical defects, but your strong determination will cover the shortages.” After a split second of pause, David nodded slightly, tears giving way to the usual big toothy smile.
忧郁像沉重的乌云笼罩着他，眼泪夺眶而出。我轻轻地拍着他的肩膀，显出一副劲头十足的样子，小心翼翼地轻声说，“大卫，你是一个普通孩子，也许你身体天生有些缺陷，但你强大的决心会掩盖你的不足。”停顿片刻之后，大卫轻轻点点头，破涕为笑了。
高分悟道 本段中使用 “tears welled up in his eyes”表示哭的动作描写，刻画了大卫悲伤的心情；“tears giving way to the usual big toothy smile”表达了大卫由哭转笑的情感变化，突出了大卫的决心。
高分有招 表示“哭”的高分词块有：
can't help crying bitterly　 忍不住痛哭起来
tears running/rolling/streaming down her face
泪水在她脸上流淌
burst into tears/burst out crying　突然哭起来
fight back tears 抑制住泪水
一、默写核心单词
1．______ of adventure　　　 　　 冒险故事
2．lifelong _______ of friendship 终生的友谊纽带
3．pay more income ____ 缴纳更多的所得税
4．a ________ spacecraft 载人宇宙飞船
tales
bonds
tax
manned
5．in the ___________ 与此同时
6．a dangerous _________ 一个危险的对手
7．a detailed _____ of the trip 旅行的详细记录
8．be under _________ 被逮捕
log
opponent
arrest
meanwhile
二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式)
withdraw
withdrawal
profession
professional
professionally
mix
mixed
mixture
covering
coverage
applaud
applause
mercy
merciful
possess
possessions
三、默写重点短语
1．________　　　　　　　　　 起航；开航
2．______________________ 独领风骚
3．______________ 退出；撤回
4．________ 在手头；可供使用
5．___________ 寻找；搜寻
set sail
in a league of one's own
withdraw from
in hand
search for
6．________ 导致；通向
7．_____________________ 在……指挥下
8．___________ 作为报答
9．________________ 为了……的利益
10．___________ 采取措施
lead to
under the command of
in return
for the benefit of
take action
四、默写经典句式(完成句子)
1．___________________________________ was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。
2．__________________________________________ are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
To complete the great map of the world
The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He
2
课堂学案—过词汇关
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点　
1．If you are in need of a deadline __________(extend)，simply explain the situation to your professor.
2．The audience stayed silent, listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of ___________(applaud) at the end.
3．It is reported that ___________(negotiate) broke down because one side refused to keep the rule.
extension
applause
negotiation
4．We learn traditional Chinese art such as Beijing Opera under the guidance of _____________(profession) teachers.
5．As a journalist，it's your duty to cover the fact and you are responsible for your __________(cover)．
6．If you experience any unusual symptoms after _____________ (withdraw) of the treatment, then contact your doctor.
professional
coverage
withdrawal
易错微点
1．extend的常用搭配有extend to“延长到”，extend by“延长了”，extend one's heartfelt gratitude to“由衷感谢……”。
2．applaud变名词时，需要去d再加se；其常用搭配为applaud sb. for sth.“因某事称赞某人”。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳　
1．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物
①It's much better if you can sometimes mix business _____ pleasure.
②With _______(mix) feelings in his heart, he doesn't know how to express his thoughts in an appropriate way.
with
mixed
③(情绪描写)When she read the cards, tears of happiness _____________________ fell onto those postcards.
当她读贺卡时，夹杂着激动的幸福的泪水滴落在那些明信片上。
④(情绪描写)____________________________ seized me，which made me like a cat on hot bricks.
恐惧和怜悯交织在一起，攫住了我，使我像热锅上的蚂蚁。
mixed with excitement
A mixture of fear and mercy
(1)a mixture of ...　 ……的混合物
(2)mix vt.& vi. 混合；调配
mix ...with ... 把……与……混合起来
mix with sth./sb. 与某物相融合/与某人交往
mix up 弄错；弄乱；混淆
mix ...up with ... 把……和……搞混
(3)mixed adj. 混合的
2．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
①She is a kindhearted woman and often has mercy ___ people who are in trouble.
②She has been _________(mercy) to animals since she was a child.
③(环境描写)There was not a plant to be seen, and the noonday sun beat down on them _______________.
视野内看不到一株植物，午间的太阳无情地炙烤着他们。
④(环境描写)_____________________________, the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn't stand up straight.
在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。
on
merciful
without mercy
At the mercy of the strong wind
(1)show mercy to/have mercy on 对……怜悯或宽恕
without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地
at the mercy of ... 任由……摆布或控制
(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的
merciless adj. 残忍的；无情的
3．possession n．[pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制
①The famous tennis player ____________(possess) of great perseverance.
②He lost all his ____________(possess), but he didn't lose hope for the life.
③(主旨升华句)Happiness is not wishing for what we don't have, but _________________________________________________________.
幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。
is possessed
possessions
enjoying what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I encouraged David who was at a loss，“Do keep in mind that ________________________________________ ________________________________.”(倒装句，possess)
我鼓励不知所措的大卫：“务必记住，只有拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。”
only by possessing/being possessed of a good
state of mind can you attain success
S
(1)in possession of 占有；拥有；持有
in sb.'s possession＝in the possession of sb.
为某人所有；在某人的控制下
get/take/gain possession of 拥有；占有
(2)possess vt. (不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
(3)possessed adj. 拥有的；占有的；具有的
be possessed of 具有(某品质、能力等)
be possessed by 为……所支配
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏　
1．in hand在手头；可供使用
　(用hand的相关短语填空)
①As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go ____________.”
②Having enough data ________, we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled.
③Meanwhile, you'd better keep a dictionary close ________ so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.
hand in hand
in hand
at hand
④Even for personal letters，I would rather use a computer than write __________.
⑤On the one hand, computers extend our vision; ____________ ______, they also bring about some harmful problems.
⑥Whenever I am in trouble, it is you who _______________ without hesitation.
by hand
on the other
hand
give me a hand
at hand　　　　 近在手边；在附近
by hand 手工；用手的
hand in hand 手挽手；密切关联
on the one hand ... on the other hand
一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)
give sb. a hand 给予某人帮助；对某人施以援手
2．lead to导致；通向
①Thank you for leading us _______(pay) a visit to your school last month!
②With a guide ________(lead) the way, we arrived at a village, where we found the local people leading a happy life.
③The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's ______________ (catch)．
to pay
leading
being caught
④(人物描写)It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas _________________ ____ despite his great wealth.
难以置信的是尽管卢卡斯先生很富有，他却过着俭朴的生活。
⑤(名言警句)As we all know, success lies in hard work while ______________________.
众所周知，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。
leads/lives a simple
life
laziness leads to failure
ead to (one's/one) doing sth. 导致(某人)做某事
lead sb.to do sth. 引导某人做某事
lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
名师指津：lead to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词 ing形式。表示“导致；造成”的短语还有：result in，contribute to, bring about等。
1.①The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds. ___ ②The following day，the taxi driver was released on $5,000 bond. ___ ③It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. ___ ④The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.___ 1.bond
A．n.纽带；关系
B．n.保释金
C．vt.使牢固结合
D．vi.增强信任关系
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
C
B
D
A
2.①I wanted to withdraw $4,000 from my bank account. ___ ②I'm writing to you because I heard you are going to withdraw from the speech class. ___ ③Sensing his mistake, the minister withdrew his statement later. ___ 2.withdraw
A．vi.退出
B．vt.收回(发言、意见等)
C．vt.取(存款等)
C
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
A
B
3
迁移应用—过阅读关
(说明：文中加蓝词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2021·全国乙卷· 阅读理解C篇)You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re examine their relationship to single use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10 foot tall plastic waves, frozen mid crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
[真题评价]
[价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注。我们在欣赏作品的同时，深刻领会其寓意，即一根塑料吸管虽小，但千万根塑料吸管扔进大海就“堆积如山”。文章旨在唤醒我们要提高环保意识，保护我们的海洋。
1．What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
B．Introducing eco friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成巨型雕塑，迫使观看者重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，从而引发公众对塑料垃圾的关注。
√
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
解析：写作意图题。第三段第一句点明全球塑料垃圾的可回收利用率很小。第二句和最后一句也分别提到“they cannot be recycled”和“the straw will take centuries to disappear”，意在说明塑料吸管很难回收利用。
√
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A．Calming.　　　　　 B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Von Wong和志愿者把一万多件塑料制品捆绑在一起，看起来像是从卡车上同时倾倒出一样，冲击感强烈，令人感到不安。disturbing“引起烦恼的，令人不安的”。
√
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
解析：标题归纳题。本文第一段介绍了艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对海洋塑料垃圾的关注，下文介绍了他的作品及付出的努力。因此，“海洋塑料垃圾变身成雕塑”是最佳标题。
√
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了
“主张—反应”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(派生词)He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. _______________________
②(一词多义)Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. _________________
③(熟词生义)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. ______;_______
v.再次检查；重新考虑
n．废物，废弃物
n.作品
v.迫使
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①make a difference　　　　　 _______________
②make its first appearance __________
③by no means ______
④come under fire ____________________
⑤look like __________
⑥all at once __________________
有影响，起作用
首次亮相
绝不
受到攻击，受到批评
看起来像
突然，忽然；一起
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
抓标志：并列连词____和第一个____；从属连词第一个_______
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋并列复合句(含一个原因状语从句)
试翻译：塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但它们最近受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要用它们来喝(饮料)，而且由于它们的体积和重量小，它们无法回收。
but
and
because
2．Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
抓标志：关系代词_____
判类型：主语(含一个定语从句)＋谓语＋宾语(含一个定语从句)
试翻译：Von Wong艺术作品中的每一根吸管都可能来自饮料，这些吸管人们只使用了几分钟。
that
3．For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
抓标志：关系代词_______
判类型：分词短语作状语＋主句＋定语从句(含一个宾语从句)
试翻译：在这个名为“一卡车的塑料”的作品中，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，看起来像是一起从一辆卡车上倾倒下来。
which
4
发展提升—过表达关
由教材典句，学高级表达　
句式　过去分词短语作定语
|解|读|规|则|
(1)过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成，与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2)过去分词短语作定语时，要放在名词后面，作后置定语；单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，放在名词的前面。
|习|练|规|则|　(变换句式)
①The water and air which are polluted are harmful to people's health.
→_________________________ are harmful to people's health.
②Our group would like to organize a book donation activity which is named “Sharing Books, Passing Love” for my primary school.
→Our group would like to organize a book donation activity ___________________________________ for my primary school.
The polluted water and air
named “Sharing Books, Passing Love”
|应|用|写|美|
③(邀请信)音乐节由两部分组成，将使我们更多地了解中国民间音乐。
The music festival,____________________, will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music.
④(动作描写)我们躺在草地上，凝视着被闪烁的星星点缀的夜空。
We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky ______________ ______________.
made up of two parts
spotted with
twinkling stars
建构语义场，丰富语料库　
子语境(一)　海洋的现状
1．drop sharply　　　　　　　　 急剧减少
2．be poured into the ocean 被倾倒入海洋中
3．make an alarming discovery 惊人的发现
4．be faced with a severe situation 面临着严峻的形势
5．destroy the balance of life in the ocean 破坏海洋中生命的平衡
6．In recent years, overfishing and pollution have put the oceans in great danger.
近年来，过度捕捞和污染已使海洋处于极大的危险之中。
7．Covering about 70 percent of Earth's surface, the ocean is home to a wide variety of marine life, and is the main source of protein for people around the world.
海洋约占地球表面的70%，是各种海洋生物的家园，也是全球人类蛋白质的主要来源。
子语境(二)　保护海洋的措施
1．ban overfishing strictly 严格禁止过度捕捞
2．maintain the balance of ecosystem 　 维持生态平衡
3．promote marine development 促进海洋发展
4．arouse people's awareness of protecting the sea
唤起人们保护海洋的意识
5．protect vast amounts of resources under the sea
保护海洋下的大量资源
6．punish those who go against the law for causingpollution
惩罚那些因造成污染而违法的人
7．It's high time that we took measures to protect oceans.
是我们采取措施保护海洋的时候了。
8．We need to protect our oceans by reducing the amount of pollution that is entering them.
我们需要通过减少进入海洋的污染来保护海洋。
子语境(三)　保护海洋的意义
1.be rich in natural resources 自然资源丰富
2．further develop relations with ... 进一步发展与……的关系
3．clean up and protect the sea for future generations
为子孙后代清理和保护海洋
4．encourage cooperation and trade across the Maritime Silk Road areas
鼓励与海上丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易
5．Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes.
进入深海也可能有助于我们预测地震等事件。
6．The ocean not only provides us with abundant sea food, but also plays a vital part in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的海洋食物，而且在维持生态系统的平衡方面也起着至关重要的作用。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍　
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(蓝体字为单元词汇的复现)
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
When it comes to the ocean, it ①____________________________ (面临着严峻的形势). World Oceans Day falls on June 8th，whose aim is to ②____________________________________________(唤起人们保护海洋的意识)．
is faced with a severe situation
arouse people's awareness of protecting the ocean
The ocean，which plays a vital role，not only offers us sufficient food，but also ③_______________________________ (维持生态平衡). For the benefit of the human being, ④___________________________ _______________(迫切需要采取措施) to protect the ocean.To make our contributions，we students can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. In the meanwhile, we should stop overfishing the marine life.
there is an urgent need to take
action/measures
maintains the balance of ecosystem
All in all, ⑤_________________(现在是……的时候了) we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean, ⑥_____________________ ______________________(以便我们可以建设一个更和谐的世界) and live a better life in the future.
it is high time that
so that we can build a
more harmonious world
(二)对标单元主题创写语段
寒风呼啸的夜晚，山姆驾船出海，他没有察觉到一场风暴正在酝酿之中。请你根据所给首句提示，写一个片段，描写山姆在海上所经历的遭遇。注意要有场景、动作及心理描写。
With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything，Sam set sail on a freezing night. _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：(配有课件“名师析题”)
With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything，Sam set sail on a freezing night. The storm was gaining strength on land, but had not yet reached a place far from the coast. Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride.They were completely at the mercy of the storm. The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea, throwing them in complete darkness.Only then did the fear begin to seize Sam.Then the dark sea along with the howling wind witnessed a death and life struggle between humans and nature. Fortunately, the stormy sea finally calmed down and the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon.
5
课下双测—过高考关
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·枣庄调研)On August 15，a team of researchers and conservationists set off on a two year voyage from Plymouth, England, on board the Dutch tall ship Oosterschelde. They will sail more than 46,000 miles(74,000 kilometers)and drop anchor in 32 different ports across four continents，before ending their journey in Falmouth, U．K.
The expedition, named Darwin200, comes more than 190 years after Charles Darwin sailed the globe collecting specimens and shaping ideas of his theory of evolution. The team will closely follow Darwin's original voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, which set off on Dec.27,1831，and returned to England on Oct.2, 1836.
Darwin was 22 years old when he joined the expedition with the intention of seeing the world before joining the church. But during the trip, Darwin became fascinated by the wide range of different species he encountered, which eventually led to him creating his theory of evolution by natural selection. Darwin's account of the journey, published after his return, also helped him establish his reputation as one of Victorian Britain's academic elite.
The main aim of the new expedition is to train and inspire 200 young environmentalists, between 18 and 25 years old, who will each spend a week on board the Oosterschelde studying threatened species that Darwin encountered on his voyage.
“We wanted to create a similarly transformative experience(for the young naturalists)，”Stewart McPherson, mission director of Darwin200, said in a statement. They have “the potential to be the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)and conservation leaders of tomorrow，” he added.
Every week, the team will broadcast interactive “nature hour” sessions live from the ship for people across the world. They will also collect important data on ocean plastics and coral reef health, as well as survey seabirds, whales and dolphins.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了达尔文200号是为了纪念达尔文的贝格尔号航行。
1．What can we learn about Darwin200 from the first two paragraphs
A．It takes along 200 naturalists.
B．It takes a shortcut for the journey.
C．It is to mark Darwin's Beagle voyage.
D．It lasts longer than Darwin's voyage.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，“达尔文200号”是为了纪念达尔文的贝格尔号航行。
√
2．How did Darwin's voyage affect him
A．It established his writing style.
B．He gained a sense of adventure.
C．He earned great fame and fortune.
D．It changed the direction of his life.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句可知，达尔文的航行改变了他的人生方向。
√
3．What is Stewart McPherson's wish for the young naturalists
A．To be more creative.
B．To keep an open mind.
C．To develop scientific skills.
D．To challenge Darwin's theory.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中斯图尔特·麦克弗森的话可知，他对年轻博物学家的期望是培养科学技能。
√
4．What does the team's research work focus on
A．Ocean conservation.
B．The exploration of ocean.
C．The art of navigation.
D．Scientific education.
解析：细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句可知，这个团队的研究工作集中在海洋保护上。
√
B
With roaring ships, hammering oil drill, industrial fishing and coastal construction, humans have strongly influenced the underwater soundscape (声音景观) over the past couple of hundred years — in some cases posting a threat to whales, dolphins and other ocean creatures. Until recently, underwater sound pollution had not attracted the same attention. Now, a new paper published in the journal Science lays out the impacts, demonstrating that noise pollution can be just as harmful to the ocean environment as other kinds of pollution.
Even the cracking of glaciers and any drop of rain falling on the water's surface can be heard deep under the sea. Sea life uses sound to study their habitat, and to keep in communication with each other. They also use sound by listening to know something about their environment.
“It's a long lasting problem that certainly weakens the animals all the way from individuals to populations，” says lead author Carlos M. Duarte, distinguished professor at Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), “We are hoping that this report will not only reveal elements of how humans impact the ocean through sound pollution, but that it will also bring the topic to the attention of policymakers who will be able to act based upon the very real solutions.”
Marine (海洋的) ecologist Kirsten Thompson of the United Kingdom's University of Exeter, who was not involved in the study, said the report could not have come at a better time. “It summarizes the fact that we are in this new phase of human caused noise in our oceans that is having a dramatic impact on different species.” What matters most, she notes, is the fact that the paper “doesn't just point at the problem, but it shows how to solve it”.
Unlike plastic pollution or fertilizer runoff, noise pollution will not take years to fix. The moment we switch our noise off the impact disappears, Duarte says, pointing to marine life surveys conducted around April 5, 2020. Having the world use more renewable energy would lessen the need to drill for oil and gas. The international team of researchers also called for a global regulatory framework for measuring and managing ocean noise.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了噪音污染对海洋环境的危害。
5．Which of the following threatens ocean creatures
A．Travel industry.
B．Human activities.
C．Construction companies.
D．Sailing off the coast.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，人类活动制造的噪音严重威胁着海洋生物，故选B。
√
6．Why noise pollution is harmful to the ocean environment
A．Ocean animals can't fall asleep.
B．It causes the cracking of glaciers.
C．It's a signal to the lower sea level.
D．It disrupts the behavior of sea life.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sea life uses sound ... about their environment.”可知，海洋噪音污染会扰乱海洋生物的行为，从而给海洋环境带来危害。故选D。
√
7．What can we learn from Kirsten Thompson
A．She is one of the paper's co authors.
B．The report does not come at the right time.
C．The solutions are already available.
D．The report has raised great attention from seamen.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Kirsten Thompson认为研究已经找到了可行的解决办法。故选C。
√
8．What is needed to reduce the underwater noise
A．Technical advances and regulation.
B．A policy to measure the depth of ocean.
C．A global ban on drilling for oil and gas.
D．Noise standards for cars and trucks.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科技的进步和有效的监管是减少海洋噪音的有效方法。故选A。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2025·邵阳模拟)Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens (避风港) of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 9
10 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. This can cause a coral's death.
精品课件·名师析题
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat resistant corals and cross breeding such corals to create a new type. 11 Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference. 12 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. 13 Hard core greens — those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．Corals are useful to people.
B．But there are grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E．Coral's global ecosystem services are worth up to $10 trn a year.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
9．选C　根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests ... of biodiversity.”可知，珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，C项承接前文语境，继续说明珊瑚礁的重要性，切合文意。
10．选A　根据后文“Without the protection ... income.”可知，此处在说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项提到珊瑚对于人类的好处，切合文意，起到引出后文的作用。
11．选G　根据前文“Research groups around ... create a new type.”和后文“Without carbon reduction ... the century.”可知，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可，G项切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。
12．选B　根据空前一句及后文“Carbon targets ... act together.”可知，情况有好的趋势，各国开始采取行动，说明事情在往好的方向发展，B项切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。
13．选D　根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.”可知，自然活动与人为干预相结合是非常重要的。D项承接上文，说明这种结合对生态系统也起到很大的作用，符合语境。
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·江门模拟)In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo. Little did he know that a chance 1 at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion.
Fast forward to today, Xu, a Beijing native, has 2 to the tropical island of South China's Hainan Province, where he serves as a coral 3 for a Sanya based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 4 the growth and development of the creatures that 5 him all those years ago. Xu, who is nicknamed “coral man”， is 6 engaged on social media platforms, where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to 7 individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole.
For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood, becoming a coral conservationist was an 8 turn of events. After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 9 the local market to learn about coral 10 from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals. He also 11 information online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
“The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high 12 for water quality，” recalls Xu. “When I started growing coral, its state was not 13 .” But as Xu gained more 14 about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish. He also learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean, providing a 15 for a quarter of all sea creatures.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国戏曲学院的学生徐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱，他后来成了一名珊瑚保护主义者。
1．A.accident B．encounter
C．application D．performance
解析：根据上文中的“went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo”和下文中的“After he first saw corals at the aquarium”可知，他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生，并没有特意计划，他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。
√
2．A.moved B．driven
C．appealed D．signaled
解析：根据空后的“to the tropical island of South China's Hainan Province, where he serves as a coral _______”可知，身为北京人的徐搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。
√
3．A.educator B．ambassador
C．artist D．conservationist
解析：根据下文中的“Xu, who is nicknamed ‘coral man’”和“He aims to _______ individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole.”可知，他致力于保护珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的“becoming a coral conservationist”也是提示。
√
4．A.approve B．increase
C．document D．smooth
解析：根据空后的“the growth and development of the creatures”可知，这里表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和变化。
√
5．A.separated B．relieved
C．preserved D．fascinated
解析：根据上文中的“light a lifelong passion”可知，他对珊瑚深深地迷恋。
√
6．A.actively B．finally
C．universally D．skillfully
解析：根据句中的“where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals”可知，他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频，所以他在这些社交媒体上很活跃。
√
7．A.teach B．arrange
C．encourage D．force
解析：根据空后的“individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole”可知，他想通过这种方式鼓励人们行动起来，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。
√
8．A.impractical B．unexpected
C．unfortunate D．unacceptable
解析：根据句中的“Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood”可知，徐从小学习京剧，而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者，这是意想不到的转变。
√
9．A.frequent B．expand
C．manage D．improve
解析：根据空后的“the local market to learn”可知，他常去光顾当地市场，去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。
√
10．A.selling B．observing
C．farming D．decorating
解析：根据下文中的“started cultivating a coral”可知，他后来开始养殖珊瑚，由此可推知，他向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识。
√
11．A.answered for B．brought in
C．searched for D．gave out
解析：根据上文中的“learn about coral _______”和空后的“information online”可知，他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识，还去网上搜索信息。
√
12．A.requirements B．reputations
C．periods D．priorities
解析：根据句中的“is quite sensitive to its environment”可知，珊瑚对环境很敏感，所以养殖珊瑚对水质的要求很高。
√
13．A.pure B．good
C．confusing D．strict
解析：下句的But表明前后句之间是转折关系，根据下句“But as Xu gained more ______ about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish.”可知，他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长，由此可知，一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好。
√
14．A.evidence B．care
C．equipment D．knowledge
解析：根据句中的“including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels”可知，这里指的是关于珊瑚的知识。
√
15．A.map B．home
C．platform D．container
解析：根据句中的“coral reefs are known as ‘tropical rainforests’ and ‘underwater gardens’ of the ocean”和空后的“for a quarter of all sea creatures”以及常识可知，珊瑚礁被称为“热带雨林”和海洋的“水下花园”，它是海洋生物的栖息地，给海洋生物提供了家园。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·银川模拟)Up to now, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by a Chinese university team has obtained abundant data during the country's latest Arctic expedition, 1 (reveal) various features beneath the North Pole.
The red, fish shaped robot called “XH1000” was made by researchers from Harbin Engineering University. During the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition 2 concluded in late September, it 3 (complete) under ice environment detection operations near the Chukchi Sea and relayed plenty of data, including ocean water temperature, salinity and pH levels. 4 (equip) with domestically developed detection sonar (声呐), the polar observing AUV explored an area of 7,000 square meters beneath the Arctic ice.
Operation team leader Zhu Zhongben, 5 associate professor, said the 6 (inform) gathered will help scientists improve their understanding of the changing process of sea ice and ocean currents in this region, providing data support for 7 (effective) coping with the impact of global climate change 8 China.
Chinese scientists set off for the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition on July 12 aboard the polar icebreaker Xuelong 2, travelling 15,000 nautical miles before returning. It reached the North Pole on Sept.5, generating 9 (value) experience for robotic ships 10 (work) in the high risk polar areas and filling the gap in the country's scientific research on the polar region.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了到目前为止，由中国大学团队研发的自主水下航行器(AUV)在最近的北极考察中获得了丰富的数据，揭示了北极下面的各种特征。
1．revealing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，reveal与data之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。
2．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition，且在从句作主语，故填that/which。
3．completed　考查动词时态。根据上文in late September可知，应用一般过去时，故填completed。
4．Equipped　考查非谓语动词。短语be equipped with表示“配备”，此处作状语，应用过去分词，且首字母大写。
5．an　考查冠词。此处professor为泛指，且associate的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
6．information　考查名词。空处作从句的主语，应用名词information，不可数。
7．effectively　考查副词。修饰动词cope，应用副词effectively。
8．on　考查介词。此处考查固定短语impact on，表示“对……的影响”。
9．valuable　考查形容词。修饰名词experience应用形容词valuable。
10．to work　考查非谓语动词。此处work在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校将以6月8日的“世界海洋日”为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性；
2．保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
精品课件·名师析题
World Oceans Day
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
World Oceans Day
As World Oceans Day approaches, we are reminded once again of the importance of the ocean. Not only is the ocean home to an abundance of life, but it also plays an indispensable role in maintaining the balance of the global ecosystem.
However, human activities are putting the ocean at risk. It's high time that we took action to protect our oceans. Switching to a greener lifestyle is the first step towards ensuring sustainable development for the ocean. Besides, adopting measures to rid the ocean of plastic garbage should be a global priority. On top of that, we students should take advantage of every opportunity to raise public awareness of marine conservation.
Together, we can make a difference and ensure a healthy and sustainable future for our oceans.选择性必修4 UNIT 3　单元双测·课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·枣庄调研)On August 15,a team of researchers and conservationists set off on a two year voyage from Plymouth, England, on board the Dutch tall ship Oosterschelde. They will sail more than 46,000 miles(74,000 kilometers)and drop anchor in 32 different ports across four continents,before ending their journey in Falmouth, U.K.
The expedition, named Darwin200, comes more than 190 years after Charles Darwin sailed the globe collecting specimens and shaping ideas of his theory of evolution. The team will closely follow Darwin’s original voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, which set off on Dec.27,1831,and returned to England on Oct.2, 1836.
Darwin was 22 years old when he joined the expedition with the intention of seeing the world before joining the church. But during the trip, Darwin became fascinated by the wide range of different species he encountered, which eventually led to him creating his theory of evolution by natural selection. Darwin’s account of the journey, published after his return, also helped him establish his reputation as one of Victorian Britain’s academic elite.
The main aim of the new expedition is to train and inspire 200 young environmentalists, between 18 and 25 years old, who will each spend a week on board the Oosterschelde studying threatened species that Darwin encountered on his voyage.
“We wanted to create a similarly transformative experience(for the young naturalists),”Stewart McPherson, mission director of Darwin200, said in a statement. They have “the potential to be the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)and conservation leaders of tomorrow,” he added.
Every week, the team will broadcast interactive “nature hour” sessions live from the ship for people across the world. They will also collect important data on ocean plastics and coral reef health, as well as survey seabirds, whales and dolphins.
1.What can we learn about Darwin200 from the first two paragraphs
A.It takes along 200 naturalists.
B.It takes a shortcut for the journey.
C.It is to mark Darwin’s Beagle voyage.
D.It lasts longer than Darwin’s voyage.
2.How did Darwin’s voyage affect him
A.It established his writing style.
B.He gained a sense of adventure.
C.He earned great fame and fortune.
D.It changed the direction of his life.
3.What is Stewart McPherson’s wish for the young naturalists
A.To be more creative.
B.To keep an open mind.
C.To develop scientific skills.
D.To challenge Darwin’s theory.
4.What does the team’s research work focus on
A.Ocean conservation.　B.The exploration of ocean.
C.The art of navigation. D.Scientific education.
B
With roaring ships, hammering oil drill, industrial fishing and coastal construction, humans have strongly influenced the underwater soundscape (声音景观) over the past couple of hundred years — in some cases posting a threat to whales, dolphins and other ocean creatures. Until recently, underwater sound pollution had not attracted the same attention. Now, a new paper published in the journal Science lays out the impacts, demonstrating that noise pollution can be just as harmful to the ocean environment as other kinds of pollution.
Even the cracking of glaciers and any drop of rain falling on the water’s surface can be heard deep under the sea. Sea life uses sound to study their habitat, and to keep in communication with each other. They also use sound by listening to know something about their environment.
“It’s a long lasting problem that certainly weakens the animals all the way from individuals to populations,” says lead author Carlos M. Duarte, distinguished professor at Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), “We are hoping that this report will not only reveal elements of how humans impact the ocean through sound pollution, but that it will also bring the topic to the attention of policymakers who will be able to act based upon the very real solutions.”
Marine (海洋的) ecologist Kirsten Thompson of the United Kingdom’s University of Exeter, who was not involved in the study, said the report could not have come at a better time. “It summarizes the fact that we are in this new phase of human caused noise in our oceans that is having a dramatic impact on different species.” What matters most, she notes, is the fact that the paper “doesn’t just point at the problem, but it shows how to solve it”.
Unlike plastic pollution or fertilizer runoff, noise pollution will not take years to fix. The moment we switch our noise off the impact disappears, Duarte says, pointing to marine life surveys conducted around April 5, 2020. Having the world use more renewable energy would lessen the need to drill for oil and gas. The international team of researchers also called for a global regulatory framework for measuring and managing ocean noise.
5.Which of the following threatens ocean creatures
A.Travel industry.　　　 B.Human activities.
C.Construction companies. D.Sailing off the coast.
6.Why noise pollution is harmful to the ocean environment
A.Ocean animals can’t fall asleep.
B.It causes the cracking of glaciers.
C.It’s a signal to the lower sea level.
D.It disrupts the behavior of sea life.
7.What can we learn from Kirsten Thompson
A.She is one of the paper’s co authors.
B.The report does not come at the right time.
C.The solutions are already available.
D.The report has raised great attention from seamen.
8.What is needed to reduce the underwater noise
A.Technical advances and regulation.
B.A policy to measure the depth of ocean.
C.A global ban on drilling for oil and gas.
D.Noise standards for cars and trucks.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 精品课件·名师析题
(2025·邵阳模拟)Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens (避风港) of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 　9　
　10　 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat resistant corals and cross breeding such corals to create a new type. 　11　 Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.　12　 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. 　13　 Hard core greens — those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A.Corals are useful to people.
B.But there are grounds for optimism.
C.And they host a quarter of marine species.
D.It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E.Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to 10 trn a year.
F.This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G.However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
选择性必修4　UNIT 3　单元双测·课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·江门模拟)In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo. Little did he know that a chance 　1　 at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion.
Fast forward to today, Xu, a Beijing native, has 　2　 to the tropical island of South China’s Hainan Province, where he serves as a coral 　3　 for a Sanya based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 　4　 the growth and development of the creatures that 　5　 him all those years ago. Xu, who is nicknamed “coral man”, is 　6　 engaged on social media platforms, where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to 　7　 individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole.
For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood, becoming a coral conservationist was an 　8　 turn of events. After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to 　9　 the local market to learn about coral 　10　 from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals. He also 　11　 information online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
“The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high 　12　 for water quality,” recalls Xu. “When I started growing coral, its state was not 　13　.” But as Xu gained more 　14　 about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish. He also learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean, providing a 　15　 for a quarter of all sea creatures.
1.A.accident　　　　　　 B.encounter
C.application D.performance
2.A.moved B.driven
C.appealed D.signaled
3.A.educator B.ambassador
C.artist D.conservationist
4.A.approve B.increase
C.document D.smooth
5.A.separated B.relieved
C.preserved D.fascinated
6.A.actively B.finally
C.universally D.skillfully
7.A.teach B.arrange
C.encourage D.force
8.A.impractical B.unexpected
C.unfortunate D.unacceptable
9.A.frequent B.expand
C.manage D.improve
10.A.selling B.observing
C.farming D.decorating
11.A.answered for B.brought in
C.searched for D.gave out
12.A.requirements B.reputations
C.periods D.priorities
13.A.pure B.good
C.confusing D.strict
14.A.evidence B.care
C.equipment D.knowledge
15.A.map B.home
C.platform D.container
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·银川模拟)Up to now, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by a Chinese university team has obtained abundant data during the country’s latest Arctic expedition, 　1　 (reveal) various features beneath the North Pole.
The red, fish shaped robot called “XH1000” was made by researchers from Harbin Engineering University. During the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition 　2　 concluded in late September, it 　3　 (complete) under ice environment detection operations near the Chukchi Sea and relayed plenty of data, including ocean water temperature, salinity and pH levels. 　4　 (equip) with domestically developed detection sonar (声呐), the polar observing AUV explored an area of 7,000 square meters beneath the Arctic ice.
Operation team leader Zhu Zhongben, 　5　 associate professor, said the 　6　 (inform) gathered will help scientists improve their understanding of the changing process of sea ice and ocean currents in this region, providing data support for 　7　 (effective) coping with the impact of global climate change 　8　 China.
Chinese scientists set off for the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition on July 12 aboard the polar icebreaker Xuelong 2, travelling 15,000 nautical miles before returning. It reached the North Pole on Sept.5, generating 　9　 (value) experience for robotic ships 　10　 (work) in the high risk polar areas and filling the gap in the country’s scientific research on the polar region.
Ⅲ.应用文写作 精品课件·名师析题
假定你是李华,你校将以6月8日的“世界海洋日”为主题,举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.海洋的重要性;　2.保护海洋的倡议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
World Oceans Day
选择性必修 4　UNIT 3
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了达尔文200号是为了纪念达尔文的贝格尔号航行。
1.选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,“达尔文200号”是为了纪念达尔文的贝格尔号航行。
2.选D　推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句可知,达尔文的航行改变了他的人生方向。
3.选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中斯图尔特·麦克弗森的话可知,他对年轻博物学家的期望是培养科学技能。
4.选A　细节理解题,根据最后一段最后一句可知,这个团队的研究工作集中在海洋保护上。
[B]
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了噪音污染对海洋环境的危害。
5.选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,人类活动制造的噪音严重威胁着海洋生物,故选B。
6.选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sea life uses sound ... about their environment.”可知,海洋噪音污染会扰乱海洋生物的行为,从而给海洋环境带来危害。故选D。
7.选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,Kirsten Thompson认为研究已经找到了可行的解决办法。故选C。
8.选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,科技的进步和有效的监管是减少海洋噪音的有效方法。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要,但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁,研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
9.选C　根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests ... of biodiversity.”可知,珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港,C项承接前文语境,继续说明珊瑚礁的重要性,切合文意。
10.选A　根据后文“Without the protection ... income.”可知,此处在说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项提到珊瑚对于人类的好处,切合文意,起到引出后文的作用。
11.选G　根据前文“Research groups around ... create a new type.”和后文“Without carbon reduction ... the century.”可知,珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可,G项切合文意,起到承上启下的作用。
12.选B　根据空前一句及后文“Carbon targets ... act together.”可知,情况有好的趋势,各国开始采取行动,说明事情在往好的方向发展,B项切合文意,起到承上启下的作用。
13.选D　根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.”可知,自然活动与人为干预相结合是非常重要的。D项承接上文,说明这种结合对生态系统也起到很大的作用,符合语境。
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国戏曲学院的学生徐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱,他后来成了一名珊瑚保护主义者。
1.选B　根据上文中的“went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo”和下文中的“After he first saw corals at the aquarium”可知,他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生,并没有特意计划,他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚,所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。
2.选A　根据空后的“to the tropical island of South China’s Hainan Province, where he serves as a coral 　　　　”可知,身为北京人的徐搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。
3.选D　根据下文中的“Xu, who is nicknamed ‘coral man’”和“He aims to 　　　individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole.”可知,他致力于保护珊瑚,所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的“becoming a coral conservationist”也是提示。
4.选C　根据空后的“the growth and development of the creatures”可知,这里表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和变化。
5.选D　根据上文中的“light a lifelong passion”可知,他对珊瑚深深地迷恋。
6.选A　根据句中的“where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals”可知,他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频,所以他在这些社交媒体上很活跃。
7.选C　根据空后的“individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole”可知,他想通过这种方式鼓励人们行动起来,保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。
8.选B　根据句中的“Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood”可知,徐从小学习京剧,而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者,这是意想不到的转变。
9.选A　根据空后的“the local market to learn”可知,他常去光顾当地市场,去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。
10.选C　根据下文中的“started cultivating a coral”可知,他后来开始养殖珊瑚,由此可推知,他向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识。
11.选C　根据上文中的“learn about coral 　　　　”和空后的“information online”可知,他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识,还去网上搜索信息。
12.选A　根据句中的“is quite sensitive to its environment”可知,珊瑚对环境很敏感,所以养殖珊瑚对水质的要求很高。
13.选B　下句的But表明前后句之间是转折关系,根据下句“But as Xu gained more 　　　　about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish.”可知,他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长,由此可知,一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好。
14.选D　根据句中的“including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels”可知,这里指的是关于珊瑚的知识。
15.选B　根据句中的“coral reefs are known as ‘tropical rainforests’ and ‘underwater gardens’ of the ocean”和空后的“for a quarter of all sea creatures”以及常识可知,珊瑚礁被称为“热带雨林”和海洋的“水下花园”,它是海洋生物的栖息地,给海洋生物提供了家园。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了到目前为止,由中国大学团队研发的自主水下航行器(AUV)在最近的北极考察中获得了丰富的数据,揭示了北极下面的各种特征。
1.revealing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,reveal与data之间构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果。
2.that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition,且在从句作主语,故填that/which。
3.completed　考查动词时态。根据上文in late September可知,应用一般过去时,故填completed。
4.Equipped　考查非谓语动词。短语be equipped with表示“配备”,此处作状语,应用过去分词,且首字母大写。
5.an　考查冠词。此处professor为泛指,且associate的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
6.information　考查名词。空处作从句的主语,应用名词information,不可数。
7.effectively　考查副词。修饰动词cope,应用副词effectively。
8.on　考查介词。此处考查固定短语impact on,表示“对……的影响”。
9.valuable　考查形容词。修饰名词experience应用形容词valuable。
10.to work　考查非谓语动词。此处work在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(参考范文)
World Oceans Day
As World Oceans Day approaches, we are reminded once again of the importance of the ocean. Not only is the ocean home to an abundance of life, but it also plays an indispensable role in maintaining the balance of the global ecosystem.
However, human activities are putting the ocean at risk. It’s high time that we took action to protect our oceans. Switching to a greener lifestyle is the first step towards ensuring sustainable development for the ocean. Besides, adopting measures to rid the ocean of plastic garbage should be a global priority. On top of that, we students should take advantage of every opportunity to raise public awareness of marine conservation.
Together, we can make a difference and ensure a healthy and sustainable future for our oceans.
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