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Unit 7 The natural world 知识清单
一、重点词组搭配
生态系统相关词汇
read about 阅读关于……
learn about 学习关于……
give suggestions on 给出关于…… 的建议
protect ecosystems 保护生态系统
understand the importance of 理解…… 的重要性
be home to 是…… 的家园
support a lot of life 维持大量生命
lie between...and... 位于…… 和…… 之间
海洋生态类词汇
cover 71% of the earth's surface 覆盖地球表面的 71%
produce about 70% of the earth's oxygen 产生约 70% 的地球氧气
hold plenty of salt water 容纳大量海水
rise to the sky 上升到天空
fall onto the lands 落到陆地上
return to the ocean 返回海洋
play an important role in 在…… 中起重要作用
slow down climate change 减缓气候变化
get rid of 清除
harm the balance of 破坏…… 的平衡
湿地生态类词汇
cover about 6% of the earth's land area 覆盖约 6% 的地球陆地面积
be home to about 40% of the world's plants and animals 是约 40% 的世界动植物的家园
help get rid of pollution 帮助清除污染
make the water clean 使水干净
prevent floods 防止洪水
store water like giant sponges 像巨大的海绵一样储存水
act like the "kidneys" of the earth 像地球的 “肾脏” 一样起作用
森林生态类词汇
make up nearly a third of the earth's land area 占地球陆地面积的近三分之一
take in carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳
produce oxygen 产生氧气
trap pollution in their leaves 在叶子中吸收污染
help clean the air 帮助清洁空气
be called the "lungs" of the earth 被称为地球的 “肺”
其他词组搭配
in different places 在不同的地方
in Inner Mongolia 在内蒙古
in Africa 在非洲
little rainfall 少量降雨
huge difference in temperature 温度差异巨大
keep water in their leaves 在叶子中储存水分
get water from these plants 从这些植物中获取水分
plenty of 大量的
go on and on 持续不断
work with a clean-up project 参与清洁项目
take one's own chopsticks 带自己的筷子
encourage people to 鼓励人们……
set up 建立
keep...free from 使…… 免受……
make sure 确保
environment-friendly products 环保产品
二、重点句型用法
比较结构
Half of the world’s animals and plants live in rainforests.
世界上一半的动植物生活在热带雨林中。
Coral reefs look like rocks, but they support a lot of life in just a small area.
珊瑚礁看起来像岩石，但它们在很小的区域内维持着大量的生命。
原因表达
It’s very dry in deserts because there’s little rainfall.
沙漠非常干燥，因为降雨量很少。
The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there.
沙漠的气候如此恶劣，以至于只有少数动植物能在那里生存。
功能描述
The ocean is just like the 'heart' of the earth.
海洋就像地球的 “心脏”。
Wetlands act like the 'kidneys' of the earth.
湿地就像地球的 “肾脏” 一样起作用。
Forests are often called the 'lungs' of the earth.
森林常被称为地球的 “肺”。
被动语态
Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment.
每个生态系统都有其作用，并有助于维持其所有成员与更大环境之间的平衡。
Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean.
湿地中的植物有助于清除污染，使水干净。
目的状语
Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings.
一些人想把湿地变小，以便有更多的空间用于农场和建筑。
We should build a better home for local wildlife.
我们应该为当地野生动物建造一个更好的家园。
三、语法点详细梳理
（一）双宾语结构
结构形式：主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（S+V+O→indirect+O (direct)）。
例如：The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. 太阳给海洋动物光和热。
转换形式：可以通过使用 to 或 for 来改变直接宾语和间接宾语的顺序。
常与 to 搭配的动词：lend, offer, pass, post, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write 等。
例如：The ocean provides a home for animals all year round.
海洋全年为动物提供家园。
可转换为 The ocean provides animals with a home all year round.
常与 for 搭配的动词：build, buy, cook, find, get, leave, make, order, pick, prepare, save 等。
例如：We should build a better home for local wildlife.
我们应该为当地野生动物建造一个更好的家园。
（二）宾语补足语
定义：宾语补足语是跟在直接宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明的成分。
例如：We use an adverbial to show when, where or how an action is done.
我们使用状语来表示动作发生的时间、地点或方式。
常见形式：可以是形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式等。
例如：Some animals feed on the leaves and the water can keep them healthy.
一些动物以叶子为食，水可以使它们保持健康。（形容词作宾语补足语）
（三）状语
定义：状语用于表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、结果等。
例如：We can add an adverbial to the structures above.
我们可以在上述结构中添加状语。
位置：状语可以放在句首、句中或句尾。
例如：During heavy rains, wetlands store water like giant sponges.
在下大雨时，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。（句首）
（四）连词 and, but, or, so 的用法
and：用于连接相似的想法。
例如：Rainforests are hot, and they get a lot of rain. 热带雨林很热，而且雨水很多。
but：用于连接不同的想法。
例如：This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food.
这种鱼在这里可以找到足够的空间，但它们能找到的食物很少。
or：用于引入另一种可能性，在否定句中连接两个或多个想法。
例如：Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland.
鸟类可以生活在森林或湿地。
The deep ocean isn't warm, bright or noisy.
深海不温暖、不明亮、也不嘈杂。
so：用于表达某事的结果。
例如：Deserts are dry, so some plants keep water in their leaves.
沙漠很干燥，所以一些植物在叶子中储存水分。
（五）后缀 - ly 的用法
形容词变副词：在一些形容词后加 - ly 可以构成副词。例如：real→really, bad→badly, careful→carefully, slow→slowly, kind→kindly 等。
名词变形容词：在一些名词后加 - ly 可以构成形容词。例如：friend→friendly, love→lovely, year→yearly, month→monthly, week→weekly, day→daily 等。
四、本单元话题书面表达写作指导学案
（一）写作类型
本单元的书面表达主要是写一份保护生态系统的提案（proposal），属于应用文写作。
（二）写作结构
引言（Introduction）：说明写作目的，即请求帮助保护某个生态系统。
主体（Main body）
说明该生态系统的重要性：如它是哪些生物的家园，为人类提供了哪些资源或服务等。
陈述它面临的问题：如污染、破坏、气候变化等。
提出人们可以采取的帮助措施：如个人行动、政府政策、社区参与等。
结论（Conclusion）：呼吁人们行动起来，共同保护该生态系统。
（三）写作要点
选择生态系统：可以选择海洋、湿地、森林或其他你感兴趣的生态系统。
收集信息：根据课文内容和自己的知识，收集该生态系统的重要性、面临的问题和解决措施等信息。
使用正确的格式和语言：提案通常以 “Dear Sir or Madam,” 开头，以 “Yours sincerely,” 结尾。语言要正式、简洁，同时要有说服力。
运用有用的表达：如 “...is/are home to...”, “One of the main problems is...”, “Another problem is...”, “We can help solve the problems by...”, “It is meaningful to...”, “Please join us.” 等。
（四）参考范文（以保护湿地为例）
Proposal
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing today to ask for your help in protecting wetlands. Wetlands are extremely important for our planet and all living things.
Wetlands are home to a wide variety of plants and animals, many of which are rare and endangered. For example, about 40% of the world's plants and animals live in wetlands, and some like red-crowned cranes depend on them for survival. Wetlands also play a crucial role in cleaning the water and preventing floods, acting like the "kidneys" of the earth.
However, wetlands are facing many problems. One of the main problems is that people are using wetland land for farms and buildings, which is reducing the space for wildlife. Another problem is that tourists may bring pollution or disturb the animals living there. Additionally, pollution from factories and homes is harming wetlands.
We can all help solve these problems. Governments can create laws to protect wetlands, reduce the number of tourists allowed in certain areas, and make sure visitors follow rules to protect the environment. Local communities can set up groups to keep wetlands free from pollution, educate tourists about the importance of wetlands, and plant wetland trees to keep the ecosystem balanced. As individuals, we can learn more about wetlands, tell our friends and family about their importance, and visit wetlands responsibly without causing harm.
It is very meaningful to volunteer to help protect wetlands. Please join us in this important effort. Together, we can ensure that wetlands continue to play their vital role in keeping our planet healthy.
Yours sincerely,
[Your name]

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