资源简介

注：下面单词意思后的表示该词的熟词生义。
词汇 含义 延伸拓展
on the rocks (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃
awkward adj.局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的 [同]embarrassing，difficult
sight n.视野；视力；看见 out of one’s sight脱离某人的视线 out of sight看不见 at first sight乍一看；初看时 at the sight of一看见 catch/lose sight of看见；瞥见/看不见；忽略；忘记 come into sight进入视野
original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的 n.原件，原稿 origin n．起源 [派]originally adv.最初 originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立 originate in/from sth/sp源自某事/某地
medium n.(pl.media)传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具 adj.中等的，中号的 social media社交媒体
make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
horrible adj.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的 [同]terrible horror n．恐怖故事；惊恐；极其不愉快的(或可怕的)经历 [派]horribly adv.可怕地；恐怖地 to one’s horror令人恐惧的是
recover vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回；重新获得；恢复 [派]recovery n．恢复，复原，痊愈；收回 recover from＝make a recovery from从……恢复过来
respond vt.& vi.回答，回应；作出反应，响应 [派]response n．回答，回复；响应
loss n.丧失；去世；损失 at a loss不知所措，困惑
judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n.法官；裁判员 [派]judg(e)ment n．判断 judge...from/by...从……来判断…… judging by/from...从……来看；根据……来判断
behavio(u)r n.行为，举止，态度 behave vi.举止；表现
frank adj.坦率的，直率的 [派]frankly adv.坦率地 to be frank＝frankly speaking坦白说，坦率地说
definitely adv.肯定，确实；确切地 [同]certainly definite adj.清楚的，明确的
trick vt.欺骗，欺诈 n.诡计，花招；戏法；诀窍 [派]tricky adj.棘手的；狡猾的；难办的 play tricks/a trick on sb捉弄某人 trick sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事
let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开
ignore vt.忽视，对……不予理会 [派]ignorance n．无知 ignorant adj.无知的 be ignorant of/about不知道……
contact vt.& n．联系，联络 make/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系 get/keep/stay in contact with 与……保持联系
generous adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的 [派]generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 generously adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地
count on 依赖，依靠，指望 [同]rely on，depend on
eat away at 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏
come between...and... 损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍
high point 最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分
through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦
opinion n.意见，看法；(群体的)观点，信仰 [同]view in one’s opinion在某人看来 have a high/low/good/poor opinion of对……评价高/低/好/差
quality n.品德，素质；质量；特征 adj.优质的，高质量的 quantity n．数量 be of good/bad/poor quality质量好/差
basis n.(pl.bases)基础；原因；基准 on a weekly/daily/regular basis每周/每日/定期
get over 克服；恢复常态 [同]overcome
efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的 [派]efficiency n．效率；效能 efficiently adv.有效地 [反]inefficient adj.效率低的
extra adj.额外的，附加的 adv.另外；特别
measure vt.估量，判定；测量 n.措施；衡量 measure...by...用……来衡量…… make...to sb’s measure给某人量身定做…… take measures/steps/action to do sth采取措施做某事 in full measure最大程度地，最大限度地
reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映 reflect v．反思；反射 reflect on/upon反思
seek (sought，sought) vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找 [同]attempt seek one’s fortune 寻求出路；寻找致富之路 seek to do sth尝试做某事
escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃跑；避开；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱 escape from从……逃脱；逃避…… escape doing/being done逃避(被)做某事 sth escape(s) sb某物被某人遗忘 a narrow escape九死一生
smooth out 消除(问题)，克服(困难)
be meant to do sth 注定要做某事，应做某事
comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰 [派]comfortable adj.舒服的 uncomfortable adj.不舒适的；不舒服的 comfortably adv.舒服地 comfort zone舒适区
joy n.高兴，愉快；令人高兴的人(或事)，乐趣 [派]joyful/joyous adj.高兴的；快乐的
failure n.失败；失败的人(或事)； 未履行；故障 fail vi.& vt.失败；不及格 fail to do sth未能做成某事
moment n.时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻 the moment一……就…… in a moment马上，立即 at the moment此刻，目前
indeed adv.其实，实际上；的确；真正地
recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出 [派]recognition n．认出；认可；承认 recognize...as/to be...把……看作…… It is recognized that...人们公认…… beyond recognition认不出来；无法辨认
thorough adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的 [同]complete [派]thoroughly adv.完全地
death n.死，死亡；死亡状态 die vi.死亡 [派]dead adj.死的
company n.陪伴；公司 [派]companion n．同伴 accompany v．陪伴 keep sb company＝accompany sb陪伴某人
crowd n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌 [派]crowded adj.拥挤的；充满的 a crowd of/crowds of一大群；很多 be crowded with挤满
admire vt.钦佩；欣赏 [派]admirable adj.令人钦佩的 admiration n．钦佩；欣赏 admire sb for sth因某事钦佩某人
explode vi.爆炸；(愤怒等感情)爆发，迸发 vt.使爆炸 [派]explosion n．爆炸；爆发 explosive adj.易爆炸的；突增的，激增的 explode with anger勃然大怒
suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受 [派]suffering n．痛苦，苦难 sufferer n．患者，受难者 suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病 suffer pains/damage/loss遭受痛苦/破坏/损失
misunderstand vt.& vi.(misunderstood，misunderstood)误解，误会 understand vt.& vi.理解 [派]misunderstood adj.遭误解的；不为人理解的 misunderstanding n．误会；误解
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀ex-：explode是由前缀ex-和plode组成，其基本含义是“爆炸，爆发”，ex-在此处为“向外，出去”的意思。ex-也有“前任”的意思。带前缀ex-的词汇还有：export v．出口，输出；expose v．暴露，使显露；express v．表达；expense n．费用，花费，开销；ex-president n．前任总统。
2．名词后缀-ing：表性质和行为。有一些动词变名词常在词尾加此后缀，如：clean→cleaning；bake→baking；write→writing；learn→learning；shop→shopping；surf→surfing；age→ageing；greet→greeting。
(1)I stood up and exclaimed in delight，“I have found it！”大叫(猜加黑词义)
(2)You are exceeding the speed limit! Slow down or you’ll be punished! 超出
(3)Linda is unwilling to go to this party because her ex-boyfriend is there.前男友
(4)It was a blessing(bless) that no one was hurt in the accident.
(5)He gave up his job in advertising(advertise) because he couldn’t stand the pace.
1．He’s been on the computer all morning，chatting with his friends.聊天
2．When it is autumn，they move to shallow water and get their food.浅的
3．He spent the next twelve years as a slave working for three masters.奴隶
4．He realized he was in the wrong and promised to turn over a new leaf.有错
5．There’s usually a café where you can buy a snack or a hot meal for lunch.小餐馆
6．Try sharing it with others via blog—a shared online journal，over the phone or in person.博客　亲自
7．Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.诗人
8．It has been proved that having a bit of red wine on a daily basis indeed benefits our health.葡萄酒
9．A raft is a flat float that is usually made of logs or planks used for transport or as a platform for swimmers.筏
10．What’s the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate 出于好心的
11．I feel it a great honor to deliver a speech here，whose theme is “Exercise an Hour Every Day，Healthy Life for a Lifetime”．主题
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1．apologize vi.道歉，谢罪(apology n．[C]&[U]道歉；歉意)
apologize to sb for (doing) sth 为(做)某事而向某人道歉 owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb 应该向某人表示歉意 make an apology to sb (for...)(为……)向某人道歉
(1)You should apologize to her for your carelessness to ease the awkward situation.
(2)To be frank，you shouldn’t have spoken to your father in a rude manner.You owe him an apology(apologize)．
(3)我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I have to apologize to you/make an apology to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time.
2．case n．具体情况；事例；案件；容器
in case以防 万一 in case of万一……，如果发生…… in any case无论如何，不管怎样 in no case决不 置于句首时，引起部分倒装 as is often the case这是常有的事
(1)I have trouble getting along with my classmates，in which case I have to turn to you for help.
(2)In my opinion，you’d better give us a thorough explanation in case of being misunderstood.
(3)As is often the case，his mind is wandering in class，which leads to his failure in the exam.
(4)我们将讨论英语初学者不能恰当地使用这一语言的情况。(话题写作之语言学习)
We’ll discuss a case where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
(5)We can in no case go against the law of nature，or we’ll suffer a great loss.
→In no case can we go against the law of nature，or we’ll suffer a great loss.(用倒装句改写)
用法点拨　当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，要用where引导定语从句。
3．respect vt.尊敬，尊重 n．尊敬，敬意；重视；(事物的)方面，细节(respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的，得体的 respectful adj.尊重的；表示敬意的 respectively adv.各自；分别)
respect sb for sth 因为某事而尊敬某人 have/show respect for sb 尊重某人 give/send one’s respects to...代某人向……致意 in respect of＝with respect to至于，关于
(1)I respect the old man for his generous help，who has contributed almost all his savings to that poor boy.
(2)It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who like listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively(respect) 65% and 50%.(应用文写作之图表作文)
(3)在我们生活的许多方面，总有值得尊敬的人。至于我最尊敬的人，我不得不提到我的数学老师。
In many respects of our life，there are always respectable people.With respect to/In respect of the person I respect most，I have to mention my maths teacher.
(4)任何时候都欢迎你来体验中国的科技进步，请代我向你的家人致意。
(2024·天津3月，书面表达)
You are welcome at any time to experience the technological advances in China and please give/send my respects to your family.
4．benefit vi.得益于 vt.使受益 n．优势，益处，成效(beneficial adj.有益的)
从……中受益 for one’s benefit(＝for the benefit of sb) 为了某人的利益 be beneficial to＝be of benefit to对……有益
(1)As we all know，failure is the mother of success，from which we benefit a lot.
(2)China is pushing the reform of public hospitals in full measure for the benefit of all its citizens.
(3)Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans，but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely beneficial to human well-being.(benefit)
(2023·新课标Ⅱ改编)
(4)我相信，以中国美食、手工艺品和书法为特色的研讨会将有利于所有交换生。
(2023·天津6月)
①I am confident that all exchange students will benefit from the workshop which features Chinese cuisine，handicrafts and calligraphy.
②I am confident that the workshop featuring Chinese cuisine，handicrafts and calligraphy will benefit/be of benefit to/be beneficial to all exchange students.
5．bring out 使显现，使表现出
bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐 bring in引进；获利；赚钱 bring about引起；导致 bring down使倒下；减少；降低 bring back把……带回来；使回忆起；使恢复
用bring短语的正确形式填空
(1)I don’t clearly remember who brought up the question but remember it definitely brought about a heated discussion.
(2)The picture often brings back to me many happy memories of my high school days.
(3)For the benefit of the citizens，the government has taken measures to bring down house prices.
(4)The idea he came up with two months ago has brought in a lot more money for the company.
(5)The fact is that the incident has brought out the best part in the girl.
6．take on 呈现，具有；雇用；承担
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take up占去；占据；开始从事 take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
用take短语的正确形式完成语段
After taking over the café from his father，Tom took in some scientific ideas and took on some experienced and hard-working workers，which implied that his café would take off soon.Tom held the strong belief that with his efforts，his café would take on a new look in the near future.
1．Since then，a close friendship has grown between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me.(“since＋时间点”与现在完成时连用)
从那时起，我们之间建立了一份亲密的友谊，她几乎就像我的姐妹。
2．Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.(动词不定式作表语)
我们最初的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。
3．We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.(find＋it＋宾补＋to do...)
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
4．Finally，it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.(it作形式主语)
最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。
5．I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day...(so...that...)
我如此生气以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她……
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... 当so/such及其所修饰的部分放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
(1)My English teacher is so knowledgeable and patient that all of us students show respect for her.
(2)听了他的话，我太惊讶了，站在那里目瞪口呆，两只脚一动也不能动。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
①Hearing his words，I was so surprised that I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet couldn’t move an inch.(so...that...)
②Hearing his words，so surprised was I that I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet couldn’t move an inch.(倒装句)
(3)就个人而言，有这么多可用的学习材料，在线学习让我受益很多。(话题写作之学习生活)
Personally，there are so many learning materials available that online learning benefits me a lot.
(4)这次展览展示了如此精彩的图画，你可以更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。(话题写作之活动介绍)
The exhibition displays such wonderful pictures that you can have a better understanding of the art of traditional Chinese painting.
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共8分)
1．medium n．传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具 adj.中等的，中号的
2．caf? n．咖啡馆，小餐馆
3．blog n．博客，网志
4．theme n．主题；主旋律
5．definitely adv.肯定，确实；确切地
6．well-meaning adj.出于好心的，善意的
7．thorough adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的
8．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共12分)
1．misunderstand vt.& vi.误解，误会
2．chat vi.& n．聊天，闲聊
3．loss n．失去，丧失；去世；损失
4．case n．具体情况，事例；案件；容器
5．contact vt.& n．联系，联络
6．opinion n．意见，看法
7．quality n．品德，素质；质量；特征 adj.优质的，高质量的
8．extra adj.额外的，分外的，附加的 adv.额外，另外；特别，格外
9．measure vt.估量，判定；测量 n．措施；衡量
10．seek vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
11．escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃跑；避免；被遗忘 n．逃离，逃脱
12．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事)；故障
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共20分)
1．original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的→origin n．起源→originally adv.起初
2．ignore vt.忽视，对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的→ignorance n．无知
3．apologize vi.道歉，谢罪→apology n．道歉
4．suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受→suffering n．痛苦；苦难→sufferer n．患者；受难者
5．generous adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的→generosity n．慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
6．efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的→efficiency n．效率；效能
7．crowd n．一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌→crowded adj.拥挤的；充满的
8．death n．死，死亡；死亡状态→dead adj.死的→die vi.死亡
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共6分)
1．count on依赖，依靠，指望
2．make it能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
3．let go of放弃，摒弃；松手，放开
4．come between...and...损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍
5．high point最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分
6．smooth out消除(问题)，克服(困难)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共14分)
1．The boy narrowly escaped being run(run) over by a lorry while crossing the road the other day.
2．If you don’t anticipate what may happen，you’ll find yourself at a loss when something crops up.
3．The moment I saw the scientist admired by everyone，words failed to express my admiration.(admire)
4．The young couple lived in a furnished flat measuring(measure) approximately 15 metres by 16 metres.
5．It was a real comfort to seat myself comfortably on a comfortable sofa and watch a football match.(comfort)
6．The study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich(enrich) our knowledge of the evolution of human language.
7．In rural areas，where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive，the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.
8．It is normal for us to meet many failures(failure)，but we can get over them with our determination and perseverance.
9．My mother recovered quickly after the operation，and on her day of discharge，we shared in her delight at her recovery.(recover)
10．Shanghai may be the recognized(recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共15分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.人们一致认为体育运动对我们很有益，所以上个星期天我们学校举办了一场非同寻常的越野跑比赛，这几乎吸引了每一个学生和老师的注意。(It is recognized that...，benefit n．) 2.这条路线长5公里，从学校大门到南山山脚下。(measure) 3.道路非常陡峭和崎岖，以至于参赛者经历了很多困难。(so...that...，suffer) 4.它不仅为他们提供了锻炼的机会，而且使他们更有凝聚力。(not only位于句首引起的部分倒装) 1.It is recognized that sports are of great benefit to us，so last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race at our school，which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher. The runners selected from every class took part in the competition.2.The route measures five kilometers，from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.The road was 3.so steep and rough that the participants suffered a lot.Despite this，all the runners tried their best to reach their goals，with their classmates along the way giving them necessary help as well as encouragement.At last，they managed to reach the finish line，receiving cheers from all the directions. The race is highly thought of by the participants.4.Not only did it provide a chance for them to exercise，but it also made them more cohesive.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1．A big fire broke out last night.Tom was trapped in it.He sought to escape①，but in vain.Suddenly，a firefighter came to his rescue，which made Tom escape② being killed in the fire.The firefighter looked familiar，but his name escaped③ Tom.Thanks to the firefighter，Tom had a narrow escape④.
①vi.逃跑　②vt.避免　③vt.被忘掉　④n.逃脱
2．Some dishonest merchants often trick① consumers into buying things they don’t want.Gradually，customers master the trick② of recognizing their tricks③ and can make rational consumption.
①vt.欺骗　②n.诀窍　③n.花招
3．As he set up a new company①，he had a lot of things to deal with，which made him unable to keep his children company②.
①n.公司　 ②n.陪伴
4．John is an awkward① person who always puts others in awkward② situations.He once teased his friend about his awkward③ way of skating.
①adj.难对付的　②adj.尴尬的　③adj.笨拙的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．He apologized to his chief editor for his rude behaviour at the meeting.
2．He had a narrow escape from the fire，but his skin was severely burned.
3．The hungry and exhausted boys cheered up at the sight of delicious food.
4．Athletes are trained on a regular basis and often suffer great physical pain.
5．The teenager was brave enough to save his neighbour’s life and was recognized as a hero.
6．Judging(judge) from his unique design for the building，we know he is an excellent designer.
7．Personally，forgiveness is a virtue，which is beneficial(benefit) to our physical and mental health.
8．Seeing I was uncomfortable(comfort)，my mother came up to me and gathered me into her arms.
9．He must get in contact with his lawyer under the circumstances.
10．She would have struggled with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
Friendship is important to all of us and we all value it.But unfortunately，one day your friendship may be on the rocks.In that case，what should you do I’ll make some 1.suggestions(suggestion) here.
Firstly，in my opinion，it is a good idea to think your behaviour through.If you are in the wrong，you’d better 2.apologize(apology) to your friend.If it is your friend’s fault，or he/she has misunderstood you，you mustn’t ignore his/her feelings，but instead，find an opportunity to chat with him/her 3.in person.Secondly，when your friend suffers a great loss or a big 4.failure(fail)，spare no effort 5.to comfort(comfort) him/her and do tell him/her to be brave and keep a clear head.Friends are people who support you through thick and thin.In addition，if your friend feels 6.lonely(lone)，you should keep him/her company even if you are occupied.Lastly，once you 7.are tricked(trick) by your friend，it is really horrible！8.It is necessary for you to seek to have a full and frank talk with him/her and listen to what he/she wants to say and then decide 9.whether you should let go of your friendship or not.
In 10.a word，a friend in need is a friend indeed.May all of us treasure friendship.
假如你是李华，你和你的外籍好友Andrew约好了本周末去图书馆，但是你因为临时要参加学校组织的“垃圾分类，全民行动(Trash Sorting，All Involved)”志愿活动而不能赴约。请根据以下要点给他写一封道歉信。
1．表达歉意；2.简要介绍活动意义；3.另约时间。
完成句子
1．我真的很抱歉地通知你，这个周末我不能陪你去图书馆了。(indeed，that引导宾语从句)
2．我感到非常内疚，我写信来向你表达我真诚的歉意。(apology，现在分词短语作状语)
3．我不能遵守约定的原因是我报名参加了一项以“垃圾分类，全民行动”为主题的志愿活动。(theme，the reason why...is that...)
4．人们认识到垃圾分类是良好环境的基础，所以我们应该不遗余力地承担起责任。(it is recognized that...，basis，take on)
5．这个活动太有意义了，我不能错过它，我不得不违背对你的承诺。(so...that...引起的倒装)
6．对于给你造成的不便我表示抱歉，希望你能接受我衷心的道歉。(apology，过去分词短语作后置定语)
组句成篇　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Andrew，
I feel indeed sorry to inform you that I won’t be able to accompany you to the library this weekend.
Feeling extremely guilty，I’m writing to convey my sincere apology to you.The reason why I can’t keep my appointment is that I have signed up for a voluntary activity with the theme “Trash Sorting，All Involved”．It is recognized that garbage classification is a basis of a good environment，so we should spare no effort to take on the duty.So meaningful is the activity that I can’t afford to miss it and I have to break the promise with you.I will definitely accompany you to the library if you are available next weekend.
I am sorry for any inconvenience caused for you and hope you can accept my heartfelt apology.
Yours，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　awkward adj.令人尴尬的；难对付的　horrible adj.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的　at a loss不知所措，困惑　frank adj.坦率的，直率的 joy n．高兴，愉快；令人高兴的人(或事)，乐趣→joyful adj.快乐的，高兴的 failure n．失败；失败的人(或事)
[动作描写]　recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.寻回；重新获得；恢复　respond vi.& vt.回答，回应；作出反应，响应　trick vt.欺骗，欺诈　suffer vi.受苦，受折磨 vt.遭受，蒙受 misunderstand vt.& vi.误解，误会　make it准时到达；获得成功　comfort vt.宽慰；抚慰 admire vt.钦佩；欣赏
美句 1.When I was an awkward primary school student，she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.Since then，a close friendship has grown between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me.(背景描写) 2.I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day，and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages.The stress of this situation is killing me，and I’m at a loss what to do next.(情绪描写) 3.It’s sad to move on，but you have to accept that friends come and go in life.(主旨升华) 4.More often than not，close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：尴尬与羞愧
单词 1.embarrass v．使尴尬→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬/难堪的→embarrassment n．尴尬；难堪(的事) 2.shame n．羞耻，惭愧→ashamed adj.惭愧/羞愧的→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的 3.guilt n．内疚；自责→guilty adj.内疚的
词块 1.glow with embarrassment窘得满脸通红 2.lower one’s head with shame羞愧地低下头 3.be struck dead with shame羞愧得要死 4.hide one’s inner embarrassment隐藏内心的尴尬 5.feel one’s face burning觉得脸上火辣辣的 6.feel the blood rushing to one’s face感觉面红耳赤 7.cover one’s face with embarrassment尴尬地遮住脸 8.a flush/blush of embarrassment comes to one’s cheeks脸上露出尴尬的表情
句型 1.She stood beside her chair，surprised and embarrassed.她站在椅子旁边，既惊讶又尴尬。 2.So embarrassed was she that she stood there clumsily，feeling the blood rushing to her face. 她感到很尴尬，笨拙地站在那里，感觉面红耳赤。 3.A flush/blush of embarrassment came to my cheeks at the sound of my stomach grumbling. 听到肚子咕咕叫的声音，我脸上露出了尴尬的表情。 4.At that moment，the woman was so ashamed that she lowered her head with face turning red instantly.在那一刻，这位妇女感到非常羞愧，她低下了头，脸立刻变红了。 5.I was walking back and forth like a cat on hot bricks.The feeling of regret and guilt grew stronger. 我像热锅上的蚂蚁一样来回走动。后悔和内疚的感觉越来越强烈。 6.She lowered her body slightly and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment.她微微俯下身来，犹豫了一会儿，想知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。
语料运用　人际交往
I had a fierce quarrel with my friend Lucy，which put our friendship ①on the rocks.②Frustrated and sad(形容词短语作状语)，I went to the canteen alone after class.After dinner，I ③was about to go back to the classroom when I felt my jeans had split.Just at that moment，time seemed to stand still and I felt ④as if all the people around had stared at me(虚拟语气)．⑤So embarrassed was I that(倒装句) I was at a loss what to do，⑥feeling the blood rushing to my face(现在分词短语作状语)．Then I saw Lucy charging towards me.I thought she would laugh at me.Therefore，I lowered my head，⑦my face burning with embarrassment(独立主格结构)．But unexpectedly，Lucy didn’t laugh.Instead，she approached me，took off her coat swiftly and offered it to me to cover my torn jeans.Holding back my tears，I ⑧expressed my sincere apology and heartfelt gratitude to her.
我和朋友露西大吵了一架，这使我们的友谊濒临崩溃。既沮丧又难过，下课后我独自去了食堂。饭后，我正要回教室，这时觉得我的牛仔裤裂开了。就在那一刻，时间似乎静止了，我觉得好像周围所有的人都盯着我看。我如此尴尬，以至于不知道该怎么办，感觉面红耳赤。然后我看见露西向我冲过来。我以为她会嘲笑我。因此，我低下头，我的脸因为尴尬而发烫。但出乎意料的是，露西没有笑。相反，她走近我，迅速脱下她的外套递给我，让我把破了的牛仔裤盖上。我强忍着眼泪，向她表示诚挚的歉意和衷心的感谢。
单元主题组合练(1)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·广东一模)
We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years.Standing on the shoulders of great men，we don’t have to experience endless ①trial and error，just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car.But where does our ability to learn from others come from
A study led by Markus Paulus，professor at Loyola Marymount University，shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood.“It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate(模仿) is inborn，but according to our observation，children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers.This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge，which，through generations’ efforts，consequently leads to the development of human beings，” says Markus Paulus.
In this research，Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months.The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of 6 months，while their final visit was when they were 18 months old.As they engaged in various play situations，the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed.The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby，the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of 18 months.
Paulus’ research shows that mutual(相互的) imitation is the ②keystone of knowledge transfer，through which children successfully learn various skills，such as how to use objects，waving and ③acquisition of language.“This interaction is the nucleus of learning and，finally，gives rise to evolutionary success of human，” says Paulus.
“Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution，and it is rooted in the imitation of others，particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood，” says Paulus.“Through this，we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation，so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了模仿对于人际互动、学习和人类文明演进的重要性。
1．Why does the author mention the example of wheels
A．To praise the invention of wheels.
B．To describe the process of trial and error.
C．To emphasize the necessity of new tools.
D．To show the importance of prior knowledge.
答案　D
解析　 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Standing on the shoulders of great men，we don’t have to experience endless trial and error，just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car.”可知，正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我们不必再重新进行无尽的研究和试验。由此可推知，作者提到轮子的例子是为了表明先前知识的重要性。故选D。
2．What can we learn about Paulus’ research
A．Children’s imitation was recorded by mothers.
B．Sensitive mothers encouraged children’s imitation.
C．Children’s ability was analyzed through interaction.
D．Effective interaction promoted children’s development.
答案　D
解析　 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby，the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of 18 months.”可知，Paulus的研究表明，妈妈越频繁地模仿孩子，孩子在第18个月时的综合能力就越好。因此可知，有效的互动促进孩子们的发展。故选D。
3．What does the underlined word “nucleus” probably mean in paragraph 4
A．Content. B．Result.
C．Aim. D．Core.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“This interaction”和下文“gives rise to evolutionary success of human”可知，这种互动最终促成了人类进化的成功，说明这种互动很重要，结合选项可知，应是学习的核心，故画线词意思是“核心”。故选D。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Why Does Evolution Matter
B．How to Interact with Children
C．Imitation：the Engine of Evolution
D．Cultural Learning：the Root of Imitation
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要讲述了模仿在人类进化中的重要性，强调了模仿对于人类进化的推动作用。因此，最佳标题应该是C项“模仿：进化的引擎”。故选C。
语境猜词 ①trial and error 反复试验 ②keystone(合)＝key＋stone n．基础 ③acquisition(派)＝acqui(re)＋sition n．学得，习得
B
(2024·河北沧州一模)
The days of just teaching kids their ABCs are long gone.Modern educators are ①tasked with the seemingly impossible responsibility of ensuring that today’s youth are academically prepared for life outside the classroom：being self-aware，self-managing，socially aware，relationship-building and responsible ②decision-makers who positively contribute to society.That is quite an ③ask!
Social-emotional learning(SEL) answers this call and delivers upon this tall order.It is a method to improve students’ intrapersonal(内心的)，interpersonal，and cognitive competence.This process improves individual students’ skills and makes for a community of successful learners willing and able to positively contribute to society.This theory truly allows individuals to develop well.
SEL has effectively predicted positive school adjustment in the school setting，promoted learning engagement，minimized discipline problems，increased high school graduation rates，and promoted future employment and adult health.A core component of SEL is helping children understand their emotions.Further，not only is it vital that youngsters can identify various emotions，but they must also be able to manage the emotions they experience.
Developing an identity is necessary for maturing adults，and SEL satisfies this requirement.In assisting students in developing their identity，SEL helps to increase self-confidence，self-compassion，identification of strengths and needs，and recognition of needs，values，and judgments.
In the classroom，SEL has been shown to positively impact students’ attitudes，behaviors，and academic performance.Further，it decreases negative behaviors，such as being off-task or aggressive，and substance abuse.SEL enhances the learning environment and makes it a safe place for learning.
Not only is SEL critical for students’ mental health，but it is also important for teachers’ mental health.SEL increases teacher-reported effectiveness for behavior management and decreases reports of teacher ④burnout.Ultimately，SEL creates a calmer classroom environment，which makes educating students much easier.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会情感学习 SEL 的概念以及应用。
5．What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 1 stand for
A．Teaching kids their ABCs.
B．Preparing students for life beyond class.
C．All the hopes placed on students.
D．Teaching students self-management.
答案　B
解析　代词指代题。根据画线词前面的内容“Modern educators are tasked with the seemingly impossible responsibility of ensuring that today’s youth are academically prepared for life outside the classroom：being self-aware，self-managing，socially aware，relationship-building and responsible decision-makers who positively contribute to society.”可知，现代教育工作者肩负着一项看似不可能的责任，那就是确保今天的年轻人在学术上为课堂之外的生活做好准备。故画线词指代的是“让学生们为课堂之外的生活做好准备”。故选B。
6．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A．How to be a successful learner.
B．How to meet the students’ needs.
C．What is needed for a community.
D．What is social-emotional learning.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中“Social-emotional learning (SEL) answers this call and delivers upon this tall order.”以及“It is a method to improve students’ intrapersonal(内心的)，interpersonal，and cognitive competence.”可知，本段开头引出了社会情感学习的概念，下文介绍了社会情感学习的作用。所以本段主要探讨了什么是社会情感学习。故选D。
7．What is the most important part of SEL
A．Giving students a definite identity.
B．Allowing students to predict their future.
C．Guaranteeing students’ future employment.
D．Helping students understand and manage emotions.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“A core component of SEL is helping children understand their emotions.Further，not only is it vital that youngsters can identify various emotions，but they must also be able to manage the emotions they experience.”可知，SEL的一个核心组成部分是帮助孩子们理解情绪，进而管理情绪。故选D。
8．What can we infer about SEL from the last paragraph
A．It is a win-win method.
B．It is criticized by students.
C．It may make teachers tired.
D．It is a magical tool for teachers.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Not only is SEL critical for students’ mental health，but it is also important for teachers’ mental health.”可知，社会情感学习不仅对学生的心理健康至关重要，而且对老师的心理健康也很重要。由此可知，这是一个双赢的方法。故选A。
语境猜词 ①task(熟义：n.任务，工作) 生义(文义)：v.交给某人(任务)；派给某人(工作) ②decision-maker(合)＝decision＋maker n．决策人 ③ask(熟义：v.询问) 生义(文义)：n.难以做到的事情；棘手的事 ④burnout(合)＝burn＋out n．精疲力竭，精神崩溃
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Can you tell when your friends are happy or going through a difficult time Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group，building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn. 1 Research shows it might even help you ①fight off colds.
Friendship is a special connection you have with another person，and it comes in all shapes and sizes.You could chat for ages or giggle at things other people don’t find funny.You don’t expect the other person to be fun all the time. 2 Friends don’t always enjoy the same sports or hobbies but they encourage each other anyway.Experts say good friendship is a strong，stable connection.It makes you feel positive and it’s not ②one-sided. 3
Good friends are good for your health because they make you feel happy，confident and less stressed.Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun. 4 Author Lydia Denworth says friendship is good for you because it boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy.Having good，strong friendships is as important as diet and exercise.
5 Making time for your mates sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy.Try sending a message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat.Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust them and gives them a chance to do the same.If you think a friend is ③feeling down，find a quiet moment to ask if everything’s OK and listen closely to their answers.
A．Making new friends takes much time and effort.
B．You both give each other support when you need it.
C．And you may know when the other has had a bad day.
D．It builds trust and helps you understand each other better.
E．Being a friend is one of the most important skills we can learn.
F．That’s good news because hanging out with your friends is fun.
G．As well as lifting up others，friendship can boost your well-being too.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文，介绍了友谊的重要性、好处和交朋友的方法。
1．答案　G
解析　前文“Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group，building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn.”表明建立和保持友谊是重要技能，后文“Research shows it might even help you fight off colds.”说明友谊能帮助我们抵御疾病，G选项说明友谊的好处，且引出下文。故选G。
2．答案　C
解析　空前“You don’t expect the other person to be fun all the time.”表明你不会期望对方一直都很有趣，C选项“你也知道对方什么时候过得不好”补充说明前一句。故选C。
3．答案　B
解析　空前“Experts say good friendship is a strong，stable connection.It makes you feel positive and it’s not one-sided.”表明友谊不是单方面的，是相互的，B选项“当你们需要的时候，你们都给予对方支持”表示友谊是双方的。故选B。
4．答案　D
解析　空前“Good friends are good for your health because they make you feel happy，confident and less stressed.Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun.”表明与朋友分享感受和想法的好处，D选项“它建立信任，帮助你们更好地了解对方”补充说明其好处。故选D。
5．答案　E
解析　根据后文“Making time for your mates sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy...If you think a friend is feeling down，find a quiet moment to ask if everything’s OK and listen closely to their answers.”可知，本段在讲交朋友的一些具体做法，E选项“交朋友是我们可以学习的最重要的技能之一”总领下文，符合语境。故选E。
语境猜词 ①fight off击退；抵抗 ②one-sided(合)＝one＋sided adj.片面的，单方面的 ③feel down情绪低落；感到沮丧
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏连云港一模)
I often lock myself out.So，when I 1 into a studio apartment for my second year of school，I knew it would be wise to get to know my 2 .
Ali，a law student，was my ①across-the-hall neighbor.Though I am generally a little 3 ，I introduced myself，“I’m Sophie.I just moved in.Do you think we could exchange phone numbers in case one of us gets 4 ？”
He agreed.A few days later，I received a 5 from him.“Hey，it’s Ali! I left a box of chocolates by your door.” Such kindness 6 through the highs and lows of school days. 7 ，he knocked and I saw the smiles on his face，but most of the time we 8 small gifts—stickers，baked goods，and the like.
Inspired by Ali’s 9 ②generosity，I decided to pass it on.I 10 a loaf of ③homemade bread outside Ali’s door，and a bowl of soup to a neighbor down the hall. 11 ，these neighbors 12 kind notes under my door，and greeted me warmly in the hallways.Now I’m in a new apartment for my final year of school and have roommates to let me in when I lose my 13 ，but I will always remember the 14 that a small act of 15 can make in others’ life.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为怕自己被锁在外面而与邻居交换了联系方式，从交换小礼物等善意的举动开始，她和邻居们建立了深厚的友谊。
1．A.checked B．moved
C．fitted D．walked
答案　B
解析　根据第二段中作者的自我介绍“I’m Sophie.I just moved in.”可知，此处指刚新搬到一栋单间公寓时。故选B。
2．A.students B．friends
C．neighbors D．owners
答案　C
解析　根据下文“Ali，a law student，was my across-the-hall neighbor.”和“a neighbor down the hall”可知，作者要去认识一下新邻居。故选C。
3．A.shy B．confident
C．careful D．nervous
答案　A
解析　根据空前“Though I am generally a little”以及空后“I introduced myself”可知，前后是转折关系，作者尽管很腼腆，但是还是主动介绍了自己。故选A。
4．A.kicked out B．sorted out
C．ruled out D．locked out
答案　D
解析　kick out逐出；sort out整理；rule out把……排除在外；lock out把……锁在门外。根据上文“I often lock myself out.”可知，作者经常把自己锁在门外，所以想要和邻居交换一下电话号码以防以后被锁在外面。故选D。
5．A.telegram B．letter
C．message D．present
答案　C
解析　根据上文“Do you think we could exchange phone numbers” “He agreed.”以及下文“‘Hey，it’s Ali! I left a box of chocolates by your door.’”可知，作者和Ali交换了电话号码，此处指收到Ali发来的信息。故选C。
6．A.continued B．suspended
C．returned D．appeared
答案　A
解析　根据下文“he knocked and I saw the smiles on his face，but most of the time we small gifts—stickers，baked goods，and the like”可知，自从Ali送给作者一盒巧克力后，他们表达善意、互送小礼物的行为一直继续。故选A。
7．A.Frequently B．Occasionally
C．Normally D．Typically
答案　B
解析　根据空后“but most of the time”可知，设空处应填“Occasionally”与“most of the time”相对应，表示二人偶尔面对面交流，但更多时候是互送小礼物。故选B。
8．A.opened B．bought
C．borrowed D．exchanged
答案　D
解析　根据下文“Inspired by Ali’s generosity，I decided to pass it on.I a loaf of homemade bread outside Ali’s door，and a bowl of soup to a neighbor down the hall.”可知，作者和Ali经常互送小礼物。故选D。
9．A.unrecognized B．unexpected
C．unrecorded D．unreported
答案　B
解析　unrecognized未被承认的；unexpected令人意外的；unrecorded未记录下来的；unreported未经报道的，未报告的。根据上文“Do you think we could exchange phone numbers in case one of us gets ？”以及“A few days later，I received a from him.‘Hey，it’s Ali! I left a box of chocolates by your door.’”可知，作者和Ali刚成为邻居互相认识，几天后Ali给作者送了一盒巧克力，这是出乎作者意料的。故选B。
10．A.laid B．threw
C．spread D．served
答案　A
解析　根据上文“Hey，it’s Ali! I left a box of chocolates by your door.”以及“Inspired by Ali’s generosity，I decided to pass it on.”可知，受到Ali在作者门口放小礼物的启发，作者也在他门口放了自制的面包。故选A。
11．A.In short B．In reality
C．In return D．In general
答案　C
解析　根据上文“I a loaf of homemade bread outside Ali’s door，and a bowl of soup to a neighbor down the hall.”可知，作者给邻居送了东西，作为对作者善意的回报，他们会在走廊里热情地跟作者打招呼。故选C。
12．A.slid B．compared
C．made D．took
答案　A
解析　slide(使)快捷而悄声地移动。根据空后“kind notes under my door”可知，邻居们会把表达善意的纸条从门下面塞进来。故选A。
13．A.boxes B．phones
C．gifts D．keys
答案　D
解析　根据上文“I often lock myself out.”以及句中“have roommates to let me in”可知，当作者丢了钥匙被锁在门外时，会有室友给作者开门。故选D。
14．A.attempt B．adaptation
C．difference D．contact
答案　C
解析　根据上文作者受邻居送小礼物的影响而开始给邻居们送小礼物表达善意的故事以及句中“that a small act of can make in others’ life”可知，一些友好的举动、善意的行为能够对别人产生影响；make a difference“起作用，有影响”符合语境。故选C。
15．A.wisdom B．kindness
C．justice D．faith
答案　B
解析　根据上文“Inspired by Ali’s generosity，I decided to pass it on.I a loaf of homemade bread outside Ali’s door，and a bowl of soup to a neighbor down the hall. ，these neighbors kind notes under my door，and greeted me warmly in the hallways.”可知，本文讲述了作者受邻居送小礼物的影响，开始和邻居互送小礼物，友好善意的行为能够对别人产生影响。故选B。
语境猜词 ①across-the-hall(合)＝across＋the＋hall adj.走廊对面的；对门的 ②generosity(派)＝genero(u)s＋ity n．慷慨；大方 ③homemade(合)＝home＋made adj.自家制的
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·山东淄博一模)
As social media has skyrocketed in popularity in the past years,1.____________(it) lightning-fast development has caused public concern.①Overusing may lead to many serious problems，such as mental health problems,2.____________(reduce) learning time and poor interpersonal quality.More and more kids of all ages are experiencing unease，anxiety and even depression if they’re separated from their phones.Social media shows many “funny” videos of kids losing their temper when screens 3.____________(take) away.So it’s important to keep a balance between our life on the screen 4.____________ that in the real world.
Trying these Dos may help.First，set a schedule to put adults，teens and kids back together with family，friends and neighbors 5.____________ person.You can try board games instead of video games.Second，get outside 6.____________(regular) to do hide-and-seek，plant a garden，or just sit and watch the birds.7.____________(build) our relationship with nature can increase our peace，positivity and well-being,8.____________ brings much benefit.Third，get off the chair or sofa to walk，bike，stretch and dance! Remind your body it can move into other 9.____________(position) besides “Looking at Screen”．Last，practice mindfulness and ②acceptance.Mindfulness is the act of paying attention to the present moment，without judgment.Acceptance of ourselves increases peace within us，unlike social media interaction that 10.____________(promote) self-judgment and other-judgment.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了过度使用社交媒体会导致很多严重的问题，并提出了一些应对建议。
1．答案　its
解析　考查代词。根据句意可知，空格处应填形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，作定语。故填its。
2．答案　reduced
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为may lead to，此处为非谓语动词，且其逻辑主语learning time与reduce“减少”之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填reduced。
3．答案　are taken
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。结合语境可知本空作时间状语从句的谓语，且此处是在描述这些视频的内容，故用一般现在时，从句的主语screens是复数，与take away“拿走”之间是被动关系，本空应用被动语态，be动词用are。故填are taken。
4．答案　and
解析　考查连词。keep a balance between...and...“在……和……之间保持平衡”为固定短语，符合语境。故填and。
5．答案　in
解析　考查介词。in person“当面，亲自”为固定短语，符合语境。故填in。
6．答案　regularly
解析　考查副词。本空填副词regularly“定期地”，作状语，修饰动词短语get outside。故填regularly。
7．答案　Building
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为can increase，此处为非谓语动词，应用build“建立”的动名词building，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Building。
8．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9．答案　positions
解析　考查名词复数。本空作into的宾语，结合other可知，用名词复数。故填positions。
10．答案　promotes
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词social media interaction在从句中作主语，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填promotes。
语境猜词 ①overuse(合)＝over＋use v．过度使用 ②acceptance(派)＝accept＋ance n．接受；接纳
单元主题组合练(2)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·浙江金华三模)
Many actors have famously remarked that they have，time and again，lost themselves in their performances.Now，researchers at University College London (UCL) have found some truth to this ①statement.A new study suggests actors may suppress(抑制) their sense of self when they take on a new character，hinting at the massive impact theater training may have on fundamental mechanisms of the human brain.
“Our findings indicate that cooperating with the theater industry could be helpful in producing theories about social interaction that could also be investigated in the real world，” said Dwaynica Gteaves，lead author of the study.In particular，the researchers are hoping that future work in this space can focus on how participation in theatrical activities might help people with autism(自闭症)．
The actors in the study ②were fitted with brain imaging technology while they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream.When they heard their names while performing，their response was suppressed in the brain region associated with self-awareness.While they were not performing，the actors responded normally when called by name.The study also looked at interpersonal coordination between pairs of actors.The researchers noticed that two actors rehearsing together had similar brain activity in the regions of the brain associated with social interaction and action planning，revealing “specific brain systems that are coordinated during complex social interactions”．
In fact，drama therapy has been considered a beneficial practical strategy for improving social communication in children with developmental or learning disabilities.A preliminary(初步的) study found students with autism who underwent theater experiences showed significant positive changes in the development of social and language skills.
In the future，researchers at UCL aim to include both trained and untrained actors as subjects.The recent study，admittedly，lacked a control group of people without theater training and had a small sample size of only 6 actors.But the researchers remain hopeful of the possible future applications of their findings in aiding social communication，including in individuals with autism.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章以科学研究为基础，报道了伦敦大学学院 UCL 的一项关于演员在表演时大脑活动变化的研究，探讨了演员在扮演新角色时可能会抑制他们的自我意识，以及这种现象对人类社交互动和自闭症治疗的潜在影响。
1．What effect may taking on a new character have on actors，as suggested by the study
A．They may forget their identities.
B．Their self-awareness may weaken.
C．They may lose themselves completely.
D．Their brain mechanisms may be damaged.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study suggests actors may suppress(抑制) their sense of self when they take on a new character，hinting at the massive impact theater training may have on fundamental mechanisms of the human brain.”可知，新的研究表明，演员在扮演新角色时可能会抑制自我意识，他们的自我意识可能会减弱。故选B。
2．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By interacting with the actors.
B．By observing the actors’ behavior.
C．By surveying the actors’ responses.
D．By monitoring the actors’ brain activity.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“The actors in the study were fitted with brain imaging technology while they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream...revealing ‘specific brain systems that are coordinated during complex social interactions’．”可知，参与研究的演员在排练莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》时被配备了脑成像技术。这说明研究者通过监测演员的大脑活动来进行研究。故选D。
3．What positive changes were seen in students with autism who engaged in theater experiences
A．Improved physical health.
B．Enhanced cognitive abilities.
C．Strengthened interpersonal skills.
D．Increased academic performance.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A preliminary(初步的) study found students with autism who underwent theater experiences showed significant positive changes in the development of social and language skills.”可知，参与戏剧体验的自闭症学生的人际交往能力得到加强。故选C。
4．What can be inferred about the study
A．The researchers lacked expertise.
B．It can be used to train child actors.
C．It is a major breakthrough in medicine.
D．It is promising despite its limitations.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The recent study，admittedly，lacked a control group of people without theater training and had a small sample size of only 6 actors.But the researchers remain hopeful of the possible future applications of their findings in aiding social communication，including in individuals with autism.”可知，尽管研究存在局限性，但研究人员仍对他们的发现抱有希望，认为在未来可能应用于帮助社交，包括自闭症患者。故选D。
语境猜词 ①statement(派)＝state＋ment n．声明，报告；说明；陈述 ②be fitted with 配备有
B
There’s a long line of research showing that when we make contact with people who’re socially different from us，we tend to feel less prejudice towards them.According to the contact theory，contact seems to work best for reducing prejudice when the contact is generally positive.But what happens when the conditions for interpersonal contact may not be ideal For example，what if you feel threatened in some way by a group of people you see as “the other”？
Researchers from Ghent University in Belgium analyzed the results of 34 studies ①surveying nearly 64,000 people from 19 countries to see how intergroup contact affected their viewpoints about “outgroups” under conflict situations.For example，people were asked to report on how they viewed other groups.The researchers also had data from the surveys that measured attitudes towards ②outgroup members，such as how positive people felt towards them and how much they could trust them.
After analyzing the data，the researchers found strong feelings of threat were associated with more negative views of outgroup members.But having contact with outgroup members still reduced prejudice just as much under those ③unfavorable conditions.To Jasper Van Assche，the lead author of the paper，this suggests contact theory holds even under conflict situations.
Van Assche says that contact is so powerful probably because just being around people from an outgroup affects how we think and feel about them.As we become accustomed to even the mere presence of people from other groups，that can reduce our anxiety，especially if the encounters are positive—and that can lead to warmer feelings.Also，contact can enhance our knowledge about others’ customs and practices，so that they don’t seem so ④foreign or “other” to us.
Van Assche hopes his research can lead people to see the benefits of integrating the spaces where they live.This could be done through top-down methods，such as the government requiring school integration，but also from the bottom up.For example，suggests Van Assche，communities could create low-cost，low-key events that bring people together，helping to promote tolerance.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。研究发现与来自不同群体的人接触可以减少人与人之间的偏见，从而帮助人们建立联系。
5．Why are the questions raised in paragraph 1
A．To inspire readers’ imagination.
B．To argue against the contact theory.
C．To show the author’s curiosity.
D．To offer the purpose of the study.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“According to the contact theory，contact seems to work best for reducing prejudice when the contact is generally positive.But what happens when the conditions for interpersonal contact may not be ideal For example，what if you feel threatened in some way by a group of people you see as ‘the other’？”并结合下文的研究发现可推断，第一段提问是为了给出研究的目的。故选D。
6．Why can interpersonal contact reduce prejudice
A．It improves people’s adaptive capacity.
B．It increases people’s desire to socialize.
C．It promotes each other’s understanding.
D．It makes people emotionally stable.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As we become accustomed to even the mere presence of people from other groups，that can reduce our anxiety，especially if the encounters are positive—and that can lead to warmer feelings.Also，contact can enhance our knowledge about others’ customs and practices，so that they don’t seem so foreign or ‘other’ to us.”可知，人际接触之所以能减少偏见是因为它可以增进人与人之间的了解。故选C。
7．What might be Van Assche’s advice according to the text
A．Expanding communities on the whole.
B．Increasing chances of positive contact.
C．Strengthening interactions between schools.
D．Offering equal education opportunities to diverse groups.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For example，suggests Van Assche，communities could create low-cost，low-key events that bring people together，helping to promote tolerance.”可知，Van Assche建议增加不同群体之间积极接触的机会。故选B。
8．What can be the best title of the text
A．People Involved in Equal Contact Are Generally Positive
B．Opportunities for Intergroup Contact Are on the Rise
C．The Interventions Based on Contact Are Unhealthy
D．Interpersonal Contact Can Help People Connect
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“There’s a long line of research showing that when we make contact with people who’re socially different from us，we tend to feel less prejudice towards them.”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了研究发现与来自不同群体的人接触可以减少人与人之间的偏见，从而帮助人们建立联系。故选D。
语境猜词 ①survey(转)n.→v.做调查 ②outgroup(合)＝out＋group n．外群体，外团体 ③unfavorable(派)＝un＋favor＋able adj.不利的 ④foreign(熟义：adj.外国的) 生义(文义)：adj.陌生的；不熟悉的
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东淄博模拟预测)
The Power of Peers
Do birds of a feather really flock together People do tend to choose friends who are similar to them.Many behaviors spread socially.Activities in certain brain areas change when other people are around. 1 You can use the power of social relationships to gain healthier habits—and motivate others to do the same.
2 Teens are especially ①responsive to peer influence.At the same time，the reward system in the teen brain becomes extra sensitive.Teens are just learning to explore the social world.Understanding other people’s values and being influenced by them are important parts of socializing.
A piece of research shows that even just having another peer around can change the reward response in the brain and also the risk-taking tendencies of teenagers.Some people seem to be more easily influenced than others and more sensitive to feeling included or excluded by others. 3 But it’s also a time that peer influence can help teens thrive if it gets them more involved with their community or helps them learn behaviors to get along with others.
It’s the quality of friendships—not quantity—that really makes the difference.Friendships you feel you want to let go of may be low-quality. 4 High-quality friendships provide understanding，support，and recognition of your self-worth.These types of friendships are more steady and satisfying.
Spending time with friends can be especially helpful for people.Noticing that our behavior is influenced by other people，we can be ②intentional and try to focus on the people who are doing the things we want to get into ourselves. 5
A．Adolescence is such a risky period.
B．That can affect what you choose to do.
C．Peer pressure can sometimes lead to competition.
D．People care about what others think across all different age groups.
E．They are linked to poor academic performance and behavioral issues.
F．Sharing your healthy habits could also make a real difference to others.
G．The number of friends you have determines your level of social influence.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了同龄人的影响力，青少年可以利用这种社会关系的影响力来养成更健康的习惯。
1．答案　B
解析　上文“People do tend to choose friends who are similar to them.”和“Activities in certain brain areas change when other people are around.”讲当志趣相投的朋友在身边的时候，你的某些大脑区域的活动会发生变化，该空应该承接上文讲发生变化后会产生什么样的结果，并引出下文“You can use the power of social relationships to gain healthier habits—and motivate others to do the same.”，B选项“这会影响你选择做什么”切合语境。故选B。
2．答案　D
解析　由下文“Teens are especially responsive to peer influence.”可知，青少年对同伴的影响尤其敏感。由常识可知，人之所以敏感是因为在意别人的看法，D选项“不同年龄段的人都关心别人的想法”切合语境。故选D。
3．答案　A
解析　由上文“A piece of research shows that even just having another peer around...more sensitive to feeling included or excluded by others.”可知，青少年有冒险倾向，易受影响，对被他人包容或排斥的感觉更敏感，这都是在讲青少年时期不好的地方，A选项“青春期就是这样一个危险的时期”切合语境，与下文讲的青少年也能成为积极力量形成对比。故选A。
4．答案　E
解析　结合下文“High-quality friendships provide understanding，support，and recognition of your self-worth.These types of friendships are more steady and satisfying.”描述了什么是高质量的友谊，可推知该空应该承接上文“Friendships you feel you want to let go of may be low-quality.”讲低质量的友谊是什么样的，E选项“它们与学习成绩差和行为问题有关”切合语境。故选E。
5．答案　F
解析　由上文“Spending time with friends can be especially helpful for people...we want to get into ourselves.”可知，与同龄人相处有积极作用。青少年的行为受到他人的影响，青少年也可以通过相处来对他人产生影响，F选项“分享你的健康习惯也会对他人产生真正的影响”切合语境。故选F。
语境猜词 ①responsive(派)＝respon(d)＋sive adj.反应迅速的，积极反应的 ②intentional(派)＝intention＋al adj.故意的，蓄意的
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·安徽安庆二模)
My two-year-old daughter was playing with groceries in my shopping cart.A gentleman stood behind me with three 1 .He looked at his watch and me.While my daughter was 2 well，I knew she couldn’t stay there any longer.The man obviously was in a 3 ，and he’d be behind me a long time.I 4 to let him go first.“Thank you，” he replied 5 ，stepping ahead of me.His face lit up with 6 .
When the line moved forward，I started 7 my cart.As I hurriedly opened my purse，my heart 8 ：I forgot to bring my bank card.The gentleman had paid and was 9 his groceries.“Can I just put my 10 on the side and go home to take my card？” I asked the cashier in a 11 voice.The gentleman said，“I’ll pay for her order.” But I 12 ，having over $250 worth of groceries.“You can just send me a check，” he 13 .“That’s too much of a car trip for the little girl.”
I was always willing to help others.However，there was a new feeling I 14 when I got help from others.I was shocked that a complete stranger would 15 another with a loan of that amount.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和女儿在商店购物的时候发现自己忘了带银行卡，没办法结账，这时前面的一位先生主动提出帮作者结账，让作者感到被陌生人信任的感觉。
1．A.toys B．bags
C．items D．dollars
答案　C
解析　toy玩具；bag包；item商品；dollar美元。根据上文“playing with groceries in my shopping cart”可知，作者是在购物，所以此处指一位先生拿着三件商品排在作者身后，故选C。
2．A.behaving B．studying
C．eating D．resting
答案　A
解析　behave表现，举止；study学习；eat吃；rest休息。根据上文“My two-year-old daughter was playing with groceries in my shopping cart.”可知，此处指女儿在作者身边表现很好，故选A。
3．A.panic B．hurry
C．mess D．mood
答案　B
解析　panic恐慌；hurry匆忙；mess肮脏；mood情绪。根据上文“He looked at his watch and me.”可知，这位先生赶时间，短语be in a hurry意为“匆忙”。故选B。
4．A.failed B．offered
C．agreed D．promised
答案　B
解析　fail失败；offer主动提出；agree同意；promise承诺。根据下文“he replied”可知，作者是主动提出让赶时间的这位先生先走。故选B。
5．A.patiently B．constantly
C．appreciatively D．eventually
答案　C
解析　patiently耐心地；constantly持续地；appreciatively感激地；eventually最后。根据上文“Thank you”可知，这位先生很感激作者的行为。故选C。
6．A.respect B．confidence
C．determination D．pleasure
答案　D
解析　respect尊重；confidence自信；determination决心；pleasure快乐。根据上文可知这位先生赶时间，而作者主动让他先走，所以他应是因高兴而脸色变好。故选D。
7．A.unloading B．unfolding
C．unwrapping D．uncovering
答案　A
解析　unload卸，取下；unfold展开；unwrap解开；uncover揭露。根据上文“playing with groceries in my shopping cart”可知，此处指从购物车里把杂货卸下来结账。故选A。
8．A.ached B．broke
C．beat D．sank
答案　D
解析　ache疼痛；break打破；beat打败；sink下沉。根据下文“I forgot to bring my bank card”可知，作者发现忘了带银行卡而心一沉。故选D。
9．A.picking up B．looking over
C．handing out D．giving away
答案　A
解析　pick up收拾；look over检查；hand out分发；give away赠送。根据上文“The gentleman had paid”可知，前面的先生已经结完账，正在收拾自己买的东西。故选A。
10．A.purse B．card
C．daughter D．stuff
答案　D
解析　purse钱包；card卡片；daughter女儿；stuff东西。根据上文可知作者在商店里购物，结果忘了带银行卡，所以此处作者提出把要买的东西先放到一边然后去取银行卡。故选D。
11．A.annoyed B．discouraged
C．confused D．astonished
答案　B
解析　annoyed生气的；discouraged沮丧的；confused困惑的；astonished惊讶的。根据上文“I forgot to bring my bank card”可知，作者忘了带银行卡无法结(共99张PPT)
Getting along with others
必修第一册　 Unit 3
内容索引
过基础　知识排查
查重点　夯基固本
提能力　主题写作
过基础　知识排查
Part One
含义
(关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃
词汇
on the rocks
注：下面单词意思后的 表示该词的熟词生义。
过关
必备词汇
含义
adj.局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的 ；笨拙的
词汇
awkward
延伸
拓展
[同]embarrassing，difficult
含义
n.视野；视力；看见
词汇
sight
延伸
拓展
out of one’s sight脱离某人的视线
out of sight看不见
at first sight乍一看；初看时
at the sight of一看见
catch/lose sight of看见；瞥见/看不见；忽略；忘记
come into sight进入视野
含义
adj.起初的；独创的；原作的
n.原件，原稿
词汇
original
延伸
拓展
origin n.起源
[派]originally adv.最初
originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
originate in/from sth/sp源自某事/某地
含义
n.(pl.media)传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具
adj.中等的，中号的
词汇
medium
延伸
拓展
social media社交媒体
含义
能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
词汇
make it
含义
adj.令人震惊的 ；可恶的，极坏的
词汇
horrible
延伸
拓展
[同]terrible
horror n.恐怖故事；惊恐；极其不愉快的(或可怕的)经历
[派]horribly adv.可怕地；恐怖地
to one’s horror令人恐惧的是
含义
vi.恢复；康复
vt.找回；寻回 ；重新获得；恢复
词汇
recover
延伸
拓展
[派]recovery n.恢复，复原，痊愈；收回
recover from＝make a recovery from从……恢复过来
含义
vt.& vi.回答，回应；作出反应，响应
词汇
respond
延伸
拓展
[派]response n.回答，回复；响应
含义
n.丧失；去世；损失
词汇
loss
延伸
拓展
at a loss不知所措，困惑
含义
vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为
n.法官；裁判员
词汇
judge
延伸
拓展
[派]judg(e)ment n.判断
judge...from/by...从……来判断……
judging by/from...从……来看；根据……来判断
含义
n.行为，举止，态度
词汇
behavio(u)r
延伸
拓展
behave vi.举止；表现
含义
adj.坦率的，直率的
词汇
frank
延伸
拓展
[派]frankly adv.坦率地
to be frank＝frankly speaking坦白说，坦率地说
含义
adv.肯定，确实；确切地
词汇
definitely
延伸
拓展
[同]certainly
definite adj.清楚的，明确的
含义
vt.欺骗，欺诈
n.诡计，花招；戏法；诀窍
词汇
trick
延伸
拓展
[派]tricky adj.棘手的；狡猾的；难办的
play tricks/a trick on sb捉弄某人
trick sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事
含义
放弃，摒弃；松手，放开
词汇
let go of
含义
vt.忽视，对……不予理会
词汇
ignore
延伸
拓展
[派]ignorance n.无知
ignorant adj.无知的
be ignorant of/about不知道……
含义
vt.& n.联系，联络
词汇
contact
延伸
拓展
make/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系
get/keep/stay in contact with 与……保持联系
含义
adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的 ；慷慨的
词汇
generous
延伸
拓展
[派]generosity n.慷慨；大方；宽宏大量
generously adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地
含义
依赖，依靠，指望
词汇
count on
延伸
拓展
[同]rely on，depend on
含义
腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏
词汇
eat away at
含义
损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍
词汇
come between...and...
含义
最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分
词汇
high point
含义
不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦
词汇
through thick and thin
含义
n.意见，看法；(群体的)观点，信仰
词汇
opinion
延伸
拓展
[同]view
in one’s opinion在某人看来
have a high/low/good/poor opinion of对……评价高/低/好/差
含义
n.品德，素质；质量；特征
adj.优质的，高质量的
词汇
quality
延伸
拓展
quantity n.数量
be of good/bad/poor quality质量好/差
含义
n.(pl.bases)基础；原因 ；基准
词汇
basis
延伸
拓展
on a weekly/daily/regular basis每周/每日/定期
含义
克服；恢复常态
词汇
get over
延伸
拓展
[同]overcome
含义
adj.效率高的，有功效的
词汇
efficient
延伸
拓展
[派]efficiency n.效率；效能
efficiently adv.有效地
[反]inefficient adj.效率低的
含义
adj.额外的，附加的
adv.另外；特别
词汇
extra
含义
vt.估量，判定；测量
n.措施；衡量
词汇
measure
延伸
拓展
measure...by...用……来衡量……
make...to sb’s measure给某人量身定做……
take measures/steps/action to do sth采取措施做某事
in full measure最大程度地，最大限度地
含义
n.沉思；反射；映像；反映
词汇
reflection
延伸
拓展
reflect v.反思；反射
reflect on/upon反思
含义
(sought，sought)
vi.试图；寻找；争取
vt.寻求；寻找
词汇
seek
延伸
拓展
[同]attempt
seek one’s fortune 寻求出路；寻找致富之路
seek to do sth尝试做某事
含义
vi.& vt.逃脱；逃跑；避开；被遗忘
n.逃离，逃脱
词汇
escape
延伸
拓展
escape from从……逃脱；逃避……
escape doing/being done逃避(被)做某事
sth escape(s) sb某物被某人遗忘
a narrow escape九死一生
含义
消除(问题)，克服(困难)
词汇
smooth out
含义
注定要做某事，应做某事
词汇
be meant to do sth
含义
vt.宽慰，抚慰
n.舒服；安慰
词汇
comfort
延伸
拓展
[派]comfortable adj.舒服的
uncomfortable adj.不舒适的；不舒服的
comfortably adv.舒服地
comfort zone舒适区
含义
n.高兴，愉快；令人高兴的人(或事)，乐趣
词汇
joy
延伸
拓展
[派]joyful/joyous adj.高兴的；快乐的
含义
n.失败；失败的人(或事)；
未履行；故障
词汇
failure
延伸
拓展
fail vi.& vt.失败；不及格
fail to do sth未能做成某事
含义
n.时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻
词汇
moment
延伸
拓展
the moment一……就……
in a moment马上，立即
at the moment此刻，目前
含义
adv.其实，实际上；的确；真正地
词汇
indeed
含义
vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出
词汇
recognize
延伸
拓展
[派]recognition n.认出；认可；承认
recognize...as/to be...把……看作……
It is recognized that...人们公认……
beyond recognition认不出来；无法辨认
含义
adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的
词汇
thorough
延伸
拓展
[同]complete
[派]thoroughly adv.完全地
含义
n.死，死亡；死亡状态
词汇
death
延伸
拓展
die vi.死亡
[派]dead adj.死的
含义
n.陪伴 ；公司
词汇
company
延伸
拓展
[派]companion n.同伴
accompany v.陪伴
keep sb company＝accompany sb陪伴某人
含义
n.一伙人，一帮人；人群
vt.挤满，使拥挤
vi.聚集 ；挤，涌
词汇
crowd
延伸
拓展
[派]crowded adj.拥挤的；充满的
a crowd of/crowds of一大群；很多
be crowded with挤满
含义
vt.钦佩；欣赏
词汇
admire
延伸
拓展
[派]admirable adj.令人钦佩的
admiration n.钦佩；欣赏
admire sb for sth因某事钦佩某人
含义
vi.爆炸；(愤怒等感情)爆发，迸发
vt.使爆炸
词汇
explode
延伸
拓展
[派]explosion n.爆炸；爆发
explosive adj.易爆炸的；突增的，激增的
explode with anger勃然大怒
含义
vi.受苦，受折磨；变差
vt.遭受，蒙受
词汇
suffer
延伸
拓展
[派]suffering n.痛苦，苦难
sufferer n.患者，受难者
suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病
suffer pains/damage/loss遭受痛苦/破坏/损失
含义
vt.& vi.(misunderstood，misunderstood)误解，误会
词汇
misunderstand
延伸
拓展
understand vt.& vi.理解
[派]misunderstood adj.遭误解的；不为人理解的
misunderstanding n.误会；误解
1.前缀ex-：explode是由前缀ex-和plode组成，其基本含义是“爆炸，爆发”，ex-在此处为“向外，出去”的意思。ex-也有“前任”的意思。带前缀ex-的词汇还有：export v.出口，输出；expose v.暴露，使显露；express v.表达；expense n.费用，花费，开销；ex-president n.前任总统。
2.名词后缀-ing：表性质和行为。有一些动词变名词常在词尾加此后缀，如：clean→cleaning；bake→baking；write→writing；learn→learning；shop→shopping；surf→surfing；age→ageing；greet→greeting。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)I stood up and exclaimed in delight，“I have found it！”
　　　(猜加颜色词义)
(2)You are exceeding the speed limit! Slow down or you’ll be punished!
_____
(3)Linda is unwilling to go to this party because her ex-boyfriend is there.
_______
(4)It was a (bless) that no one was hurt in the accident.
(5)He gave up his job in (advertise) because he couldn’t stand the pace.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
大叫
超出
前男友
blessing
advertising
1.He’s been on the computer all morning，chatting with his friends.
2.When it is autumn，they move to shallow water and get their food.
3.He spent the next twelve years as a slave working for three masters.
4.He realized he was in the wrong and promised to turn over a new leaf.
5.There’s usually a café where you can buy a snack or a hot meal for lunch.
阅读词汇
识记
____
____
_____
_____
_______
聊天
浅的
奴隶
有错
小餐馆
6.Try sharing it with others via blog—a shared online journal，over the phone or in person.
7.Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.
8.It has been proved that having a bit of red wine on a daily basis indeed benefits our health.
9.A raft is a flat float that is usually made of logs or planks used for transport or as a platform for swimmers.
10.What’s the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate
_____　 _____
_____
_______
___
___________
博客
亲自
诗人
葡萄酒
筏
出于好心的
11.I feel it a great honor to deliver a speech here，whose theme is “Exercise an Hour Every Day，Healthy Life for a Lifetime”.
_____
主题
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
探究
重点词汇
vi.道歉，谢罪(apology n.[C]&[U]道歉；歉意)
apologize
1
·apologize to sb for (doing) sth 为(做)某事而向某人道歉
·owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb 应该向某人表示歉意
　make an apology to sb (for...)(为……)向某人道歉
(1)You should apologize her your carelessness to ease the awkward situation.
to
for
(2)To be frank，you shouldn’t have spoken to your father in a rude manner.You owe him an (apologize).
(3)我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I have to ____________________________________________________
accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time.
apology
apologize to you/make an apology to you for not being able
to
case
in case以防(万一)
in case of万一……，如果发生……
in any case无论如何，不管怎样
in no case决不(置于句首时，引起部分倒装)
as is often the case这是常有的事
n.具体情况；事例；案件；容器
(1)I have trouble getting along with my classmates， which case I have to turn to you for help.
in
2
(2)In my opinion，you’d better give us a thorough explanation in case
being misunderstood.
(3) is often the case，his mind is wandering in class，which leads to his failure in the exam.
(4)我们将讨论英语初学者不能恰当地使用这一语言的情况。(话题写作之语言学习)
We’ll discuss a case ___________________________________________
.
of
As
where beginners of English fail to use the
language properly
(5)We can in no case go against the law of nature，or we’ll suffer a great loss.
→ the law of nature，or we’ll suffer a great loss.(用倒装句改写)
用法点拨　当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，要用where引导定语从句。
In no case can we go against
respect
·respect sb for sth 因为某事而尊敬某人
·have/show respect for sb 尊重某人
　give/send one’s respects to...代某人向……致意
　in respect of＝with respect to至于，关于
vt.尊敬，尊重 n.尊敬，敬意；重视；(事物的)方面，细节(respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的，得体的 respectful adj.尊重的；表示敬意的 respectively adv.各自；分别)
(1)I respect the old man his generous help，who has contributed almost all his savings to that poor boy.
for
3
(2)It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who like listening to English songs and watching English movies is __________
(respect) 65% and 50%.(应用文写作之图表作文)
(3)在我们生活的许多方面，总有值得尊敬的人。至于我最尊敬的人，我不得不提到我的数学老师。
，there are always .
，I have to mention my maths teacher.
respectively
In many respects of our life
respectable people
With respect to/In respect of the person I respect most
(4)任何时候都欢迎你来体验中国的科技进步，请代我向你的家人致意。
(2024·天津3月，书面表达)
You are welcome at any time to experience the technological advances in China and .
please give/send my respects to your family
benefit
· 从……中受益
·for one’s benefit(＝for the benefit of sb) 为了某人的利益
·be beneficial to＝be of benefit to对……有益
vi.得益于 vt.使受益 n.优势，益处，成效(beneficial adj.有益的)
(1)As we all know，failure is the mother of success， which we benefit a lot.
(2)China is pushing the reform of public hospitals in full measure the benefit of all its citizens.
from
4
benfit from sth
benefit by doing sth
for
(3)Past research has found health and wellness of nature for humans，but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely to human well-being.(benefit)
(2023·新课标Ⅱ改编)
(4)我相信，以中国美食、手工艺品和书法为特色的研讨会将有利于所有交换生。
(2023·天津6月)
①I am confident that all exchange students ______________________
which features Chinese cuisine，handicrafts and calligraphy.
benefits
beneficial
will benefit from the
workshop
②I am confident that the workshop featuring Chinese cuisine，handicrafts and calligraphy ___________________________________
all exchange students.
will benefit/be of benefit to/be beneficial
to
bring out
bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐
bring in引进；获利；赚钱
bring about引起；导致
bring down使倒下；减少；降低
bring back把……带回来；使回忆起；使恢复
使显现，使表现出
用bring短语的正确形式填空
(1)I don’t clearly remember who the question but remember it definitely a heated discussion.
brought up
brought about
5
(2)The picture often to me many happy memories of my high school days.
(3)For the benefit of the citizens，the government has taken measures to house prices.
(4)The idea he came up with two months ago has a lot more money for the company.
(5)The fact is that the incident has the best part in the girl.
brings back
bring down
brought in
brought out
take on
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up占去；占据；开始从事
take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
呈现，具有；雇用；承担
用take短语的正确形式完成语段
After the café from his father，Tom some scientific ideas and some experienced and hard-working workers，which implied that his café would soon.Tom held the strong belief that with his efforts，his café would a new look in the near future.
6
taking over
took in
took on
take off
take on
1
Since then，a close friendship has grown between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me.(“since＋时间点”与现在完成时连用)
从那时起，我们之间建立了一份亲密的友谊，她几乎就像我的姐妹。
Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.(动词不定式作表语)
我们最初的计划是那天下午去电影院看电影。
2
悟通
经典句式
3
We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.(find＋it＋宾补＋to do...)
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
Finally，it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.(it作形式主语)
最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。
I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day...(so...
that...)
我如此生气以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她……
4
5
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
·so...that...句型的常见形式：
　so＋adj./adv.＋that...
　so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...
　so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
·such...that...句型的常见形式：
　such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...
　such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
·当so/such及其所修饰的部分放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
(1)My English teacher is so knowledgeable and patient all of us students show respect for her.
(2)听了他的话，我太惊讶了，站在那里目瞪口呆，两只脚一动也不能动。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
①Hearing his words， I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet couldn’t move an inch.(so...that...)
②Hearing his words， I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet couldn’t move an inch.(倒装句)
that
I was so surprised that
so surprised was I that
(3)就个人而言，有这么多可用的学习材料，在线学习让我受益很多。(话题写作之学习生活)
Personally，there are online learning benefits me a lot.
(4)这次展览展示了如此精彩的图画，你可以更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。(话题写作之活动介绍)
The exhibition displays you can have a better understanding of the art of traditional Chinese painting.
so many learning materials available that
such wonderful pictures that
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.medium
2.café
3.blog
4.theme
5.definitely
6.well-meaning
7.thorough
8.wine
词汇默写
默写巩固
____________________________________________________
_________________
_____________
_______________
_______________________
______________________
__________________________
_______________
n.传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具 adj.中等的，中号的
n.咖啡馆，小餐馆
n.博客，网志
n.主题；主旋律
adv.肯定，确实；确切地
adj.出于好心的，善意的
adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的
n.葡萄酒；果酒
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. vt.& vi.误解，误会
2. vi.& n.聊天，闲聊
3. n.失去，丧失；去世；损失
4. n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器
5. vt.& n.联系，联络
6. n.意见，看法
7. n.品德，素质；质量；特征
adj.优质的，高质量的
misunderstand
chat
loss
case
contact
opinion
quality
8. adj.额外的，分外的，附加的
adv.额外，另外；特别，格外
9. vt.估量，判定；测量
n.措施；衡量
10. vi.试图；寻找；争取
vt.寻求；寻找
11. vi.& vt.逃脱；逃跑；避免；被遗忘
n.逃离，逃脱
12. n.失败；失败的人(或事)；故障
extra
measure
seek
escape
failure
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. adj.起初的；独创的；原作的
→ n.起源
→ adv.起初
2. vt.忽视，对……不予理会
→ adj.无知的
→ n.无知
3. vi.道歉，谢罪
→ n.道歉
original
origin
originally
ignore
ignorant
ignorance
apologize
apology
4. vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受
→ n.痛苦；苦难
→ n.患者；受难者
5. adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的
→ n.慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
6. adj.效率高的，有功效的
→ n.效率；效能
suffer
suffering
sufferer
generous
generosity
efficient
efficiency
7. n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚
集；挤，涌
→ adj.拥挤的；充满的
8. n.死，死亡；死亡状态
→ adj.死的
→ vi.死亡
crowd
crowded
death
dead
die
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 依赖，依靠，指望
2. 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
3. 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开
4. 损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍
5. 最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分
6. 消除(问题)，克服(困难)
count on
make it
let go of
come between...and...
high point
smooth out
语境运用
默写巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The boy narrowly escaped (run) over by a lorry while crossing the road the other day.
2.If you don’t anticipate what may happen，you’ll find yourself a loss when something crops up.
3.The moment I saw the scientist by everyone，words failed to express my .(admire)
4.The young couple lived in a furnished flat (measure) approximately 15 metres by 16 metres.
being run
at
admired
admiration
measuring
5.It was a real to seat myself on a sofa and watch a football match.(comfort)
6.The study was praiseworthy in seeking (enrich) our knowledge of the evolution of human language.
7.In rural areas，where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive，the phone boxes have taken a lifesaving role.
8.It is normal for us to meet many (failure)，but we can get over them with our determination and perseverance.
comfort
comfortably
comfortable
to enrich
on
failures
9.My mother quickly after the operation，and on her day of discharge，we shared in her delight at her .(recover)
10.Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)
recovered
recovery
recognized
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.人们一致认为体育运动对我们很有益，所以上个星期天我们学校举办了一场非同寻常的越野跑比赛，这几乎吸引了每一个学生和老师的注意。(It is recognized that...，benefit n.) 1.______________________________
，so last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race at our school，which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher.
It is recognized that sports are of
great benefit to us
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.这条路线长5公里，从学校大门到南山山脚下。(measure) The runners selected from every class took part in the competition.
2. ，from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.
The route measures five kilometers
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.道路非常陡峭和崎岖，以至于参赛者经历了很多困难。(so...that...，suffer) The road was 3.___________________________
.Despite this，all the runners tried their best to reach their goals，with their classmates along the way giving them necessary help as well as encouragement.At last，they managed to reach the finish line，receiving cheers from all the directions.
so steep and rough that the
participants suffered a lot
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
4.它不仅为他们提供了锻炼的机会，而且使他们更有凝聚力。(not only位于句首引起的部分倒装) The race is highly thought of by the participants.4._________________
，but it also made them more cohesive.
返 回
Not only did it
provide a chance for them to exercise
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
查重点　夯基固本
Part Two
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1.A big fire broke out last night.Tom was trapped in it.He sought to escape①，but in vain.Suddenly，a firefighter came to his rescue，which made Tom escape② being killed in the fire.The firefighter looked familiar，but his name escaped③ Tom.Thanks to the firefighter，Tom had a narrow escape④.
① 　② 　③ 　④_______
vi.逃跑
vt.避免
vt.被忘掉
n.逃脱
2.Some dishonest merchants often trick① consumers into buying things they don’t want.Gradually，customers master the trick② of recognizing their tricks③ and can make rational consumption.
① 　② 　③_______
3.As he set up a new company①，he had a lot of things to deal with，which made him unable to keep his children company②.
① 　 ②_______
4.John is an awkward① person who always puts others in awkward② situations.He once teased his friend about his awkward③ way of skating.
① 　② 　③___________
vt.欺骗
n.诀窍
n.花招
n.公司
n.陪伴
adj.难对付的
adj.尴尬的
adj.笨拙的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.He apologized to his chief editor his rude behaviour at the meeting.
2.He had narrow escape from the fire，but his skin was severely burned.
3.The hungry and exhausted boys cheered up the sight of delicious food.
4.Athletes are trained a regular basis and often suffer great physical pain.
5.The teenager was brave enough to save his neighbour’s life and was recognized a hero.
for
a
at
on
as
6. (judge) from his unique design for the building，we know he is an excellent designer.
7.Personally，forgiveness is a virtue，which is (benefit) to our physical and mental health.
8.Seeing I was (comfort)，my mother came up to me and gathered me into her arms.
9.He must get contact with his lawyer under the circumstances.
10.She would have struggled with extreme pain to make to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
Judging
beneficial
uncomfortable
in
it
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
Friendship is important to all of us and we all value it.But unfortunately，one day your friendship may be on the rocks.In that case，what should you do I’ll make some 1. (suggestion) here.
Firstly，in my opinion，it is a good idea to think your behaviour through.If you are in the wrong，you’d better 2. (apology) to your friend.If it is your friend’s fault，or he/she has misunderstood you，you mustn’t ignore his/her feelings，but instead，find an opportunity to chat with him/her 3. person.
suggestions
apologize
in
Secondly，when your friend suffers a great loss or a big 4. (fail)，spare no effort 5. (comfort) him/her and do tell him/her to be brave and keep a clear head.Friends are people who support you through thick and thin.In addition，if your friend feels 6. (lone)，you should keep him/her company even if you are occupied.Lastly，once you
7. (trick) by your friend，it is really horrible！8. is necessary for you to seek to have a full and frank talk with him/her and listen to what he/she wants to say and then decide 9. you should let go of your friendship or not.
In 10. word，a friend in need is a friend indeed.May all of us treasure friendship.
failure
to comfort
lonely
are tricked
It
whether
a
返 回
提能力　主题写作
Part Three
假如你是李华，你和你的外籍好友Andrew约好了本周末去图书馆，但是你因为临时要参加学校组织的“垃圾分类，全民行动(Trash Sorting，All Involved)”志愿活动而不能赴约。请根据以下要点给他写一封道歉信。
1.表达歉意；2.简要介绍活动意义；3.另约时间。
应用文增分练
人际沟通
1.我真的很抱歉地通知你，这个周末我不能陪你去图书馆了。(indeed，that引导宾语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
2.我感到非常内疚，我写信来向你表达我真诚的歉意。(apology，现在分词短语作状语)
_____________________________________________________________
3.我不能遵守约定的原因是我报名参加了一项以“垃圾分类，全民行动”为主题的志愿活动。(theme，the reason why...is that...)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.人们认识到垃圾分类是良好环境的基础，所以我们应该不遗余力地承担起责任。(it is recognized that...，basis，take on)
_____________________________________________________________
5.这个活动太有意义了，我不能错过它，我不得不违背对你的承诺。(so...that...引起的倒装)
_____________________________________________________________
6.对于给你造成的不便我表示抱歉，希望你能接受我衷心的道歉。(apology，过去分词短语作后置定语)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Dear Andrew，
I feel indeed sorry to inform you that I won’t be able to accompany you to the library this weekend.
Feeling extremely guilty，I’m writing to convey my sincere apology to you.The reason why I can’t keep my appointment is that I have signed up for a voluntary activity with the theme “Trash Sorting，All Involved”.It is recognized that garbage classification is a basis of a good environment，so we should spare no effort to take on the duty.
应用文增分练
参考范文
So meaningful is the activity that I can’t afford to miss it and I have to break the promise with you.I will definitely accompany you to the library if you are available next weekend.
I am sorry for any inconvenience caused for you and hope you can accept my heartfelt apology.
Yours，
Li Hua
亮词 [情感描写]　awkward adj.令人尴尬的；难对付的　horrible adj.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的　at a loss不知所措，困惑　frank adj.坦率的，直率的
joy n.高兴，愉快；令人高兴的人(或事)，乐趣→joyful adj.快乐的，高兴的
failure n.失败；失败的人(或事)
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
亮词 [动作描写]　recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.寻回；重新获得；恢复　respond vi.& vt.回答，回应；作出反应，响应　trick vt.欺骗，欺诈　suffer vi.受苦，受折磨 vt.遭受，蒙受
misunderstand vt.& vi.误解，误会　make it准时到达；获得成功　comfort vt.宽慰；抚慰
admire vt.钦佩；欣赏
美句 1.When I was an awkward primary school student，she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.Since then，a close friendship has grown between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me.(背景描写)
2.I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day，and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages.The stress of this situation is killing me，and I’m at a loss what to do next.(情绪描写)
3.It’s sad to move on，but you have to accept that friends come and go in life.(主旨升华)
4.More often than not，close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.(主旨升华)
情感细节描写：尴尬与羞愧
单词 1.embarrass v.使尴尬→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬/难堪的→embarrassment n.尴尬；难堪(的事)
2.shame n.羞耻，惭愧→ashamed adj.惭愧/羞愧的→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的
3.guilt n.内疚；自责→guilty adj.内疚的
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词块 1.glow with embarrassment窘得满脸通红
2.lower one’s head with shame羞愧地低下头
3.be struck dead with shame羞愧得要死
4.hide one’s inner embarrassment隐藏内心的尴尬
5.feel one’s face burning觉得脸上火辣辣的
6.feel the blood rushing to one’s face感觉面红耳赤
7.cover one’s face with embarrassment尴尬地遮住脸
8.a flush/blush of embarrassment comes to one’s cheeks脸上露出尴尬的表情
句型 1.She stood beside her chair，surprised and embarrassed.她站在椅子旁边，既惊讶又尴尬。
2.So embarrassed was she that she stood there clumsily，feeling the blood rushing to her face.
她感到很尴尬，笨拙地站在那里，感觉面红耳赤。
3.A flush/blush of embarrassment came to my cheeks at the sound of my stomach grumbling.
听到肚子咕咕叫的声音，我脸上露出了尴尬的表情。
句型 4.At that moment，the woman was so ashamed that she lowered her head with face turning red instantly.在那一刻，这位妇女感到非常羞愧，她低下了头，脸立刻变红了。
5.I was walking back and forth like a cat on hot bricks.The feeling of regret and guilt grew stronger.
我像热锅上的蚂蚁一样来回走动。后悔和内疚的感觉越来越强烈。
6.She lowered her body slightly and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment.她微微俯下身来，犹豫了一会儿，想知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。
人际交往
I had a fierce quarrel with my friend Lucy，which put our friendship ① .② (形容词短语作状语)，I went to the canteen alone after class.
我和朋友露西大吵了一架，这使我们的友谊濒临崩溃。既沮丧又难过，下课后我独自去了食堂。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
on the rocks
Frustrated and sad
After dinner，I ③ I felt my jeans had split.Just at that moment，time seemed to stand still and I felt
④ (虚拟语气).
饭后，我正要回教室，这时觉得我的牛仔裤裂开了。就在那一刻，时间似乎静止了，我觉得好像周围所有的人都盯着我看。
was about to go back to the classroom when
as if all the people around had stared at me
⑤ (倒装句) I was at a loss what to do，
⑥ (现在分词短语作状语).Then I saw Lucy charging towards me.I thought she would laugh at me.Therefore，I lowered my head，⑦ (独立主格结构).
我如此尴尬，以至于不知道该怎么办，感觉面红耳赤。然后我看见露西向我冲过来。我以为她会嘲笑我。因此，我低下头，我的脸因为尴尬而发烫。
So embarrassed was I that
feeling the blood rushing to my face
my face burning with embarrassment
But unexpectedly，Lucy didn’t laugh.Instead，she approached me，took off her coat swiftly and offered it to me to cover my torn jeans.Holding back my tears，I ⑧_____________________________________________
.
但出乎意料的是，露西没有笑。相反，她走近我，迅速脱下她的外套递给我，让我把破了的牛仔裤盖上。我强忍着眼泪，向她表示诚挚的歉意和衷心的感谢。
返 回
expressed my sincere apology and heartfelt gratitude
to her

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