资源简介

词汇 含义 延伸拓展
earnest adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的 [同]sincere
literature n.文学，文学作品
in store (for sb) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)
significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的 [派]significance n．意义，重要性 significantly adv.有重大意义地；显著地 be of (great/no/little) significance to...对……(很/不)重要 attach significance to...重视；认为……重要
description n.描述，形容，说明 describe vt.描写；形容；描绘 [派]descriptive adj.描写的；叙述的 beyond description难以描述；难以形容
sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 be sensitive to...对……敏感
soul n.灵魂；心性，内心 heart and soul全心全意地，完全地
capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的 [反]incapable adj.无能力的；不能胜任的 [派]capability n．能力；才能 capably adv.有能力地，能干地 be capable of doing...有能力做……
awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 awaken (sb) to sth (使某人)察觉到，意识到，醒悟到
launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动
permanence n.永久，持久性 [派]permanent adj.永久的 permanently adv.永久地
contain vt.包含，含有，容纳；抑制 [派]container n．容器 contain oneself克制自己
element n.要素，基本部分 [同]factor，component
universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的 [派]universally adv.普遍地 universe n．宇宙
summary n.总结，概括，概要 [派]summaris(z)e v．总结，概括；概述 in summary/to sum up总之，总的来说 provide/make a summary of 给……做总结
feature n.特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征
author n.作者，作家 [同]writer
therefore adv.因此，所以 [同]thus，hence，consequently
issue n.重要议题；担忧；(报刊)一期 vt.宣布，公布
novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的 [派]novelist n．小说家
draw on 凭借，利用
upper adj.上部的；上面的
gap n.差距；间隙 the generation gap代沟 bridge/narrow the gap消除/缩小差距
context n.上下文，语境；背景
specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的 [派]specifically adv.具体地，特定地
ought to modal v．应该，应当 [同]should
particular adj.特别的；特指的；讲究的 [派]particularly adv.特别，尤其 be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究 in particular尤其，特别
topic n.话题；题目；标题
collection n.(同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐 collect vt.收集；募捐 [派]collector n．收集者；收藏家
section n.部分，部门；部件，散件
mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 v.意思是；打算；意味着 mean to do...打算做…… mean doing...意味着……
generosity n.慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 generous adj.慷慨的；大方的
stage n.舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办
autobiography n.自传
extremely adv.极其，非常，极端 extreme adj.极其的；极端的 n.极端；极限
destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏
defeat vt.击败，战胜 n.失败，战败；击败
strain n.用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
alongside adv.在……旁边；与……一起
accomplish vt.完成 [派]accomplishment n．成就；成绩 accomplish one’s dream/goal实现自己的梦想/目标 a sense of accomplishment成就感
noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的 [派]nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地
confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑 [派]confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的 confusion n．不确定，困惑；混淆 confuse...with...把……和……混淆 be/get confused about对……感到困惑
clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事 be about to do sth/be on the point of doing sth when正要做某事这时突然
mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的
flash n.闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 in a flash立刻，一瞬间 flash into闪现；掠过
transport vt.运输，运送 n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输 [派]transportation n．交通运输系统；交通工具；运输
straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正 [派]straight adj.直的；直筒型(非紧身)的 adv.直接；径直 straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀trans-：transport由前缀trans-和port组成，其基本含义为“运送，运输”，前缀trans-在此意为“进入(另一地方)；成为(另一状态)”，如：translate v．翻译；transform vt.使改变，使改观；transfer v．转移，调动。前缀trans-还可意为“横穿；通过；超越”，如：transatlantic adj.横渡大西洋的，来自大西洋彼岸的。
2．动词后缀-en：straighten是由形容词straight加-en变成动词，有些形容词、名词可以加-en变成动词。如：length→lengthen；strength→strengthen；black→blacken；short→shorten；broad→broaden；weak→weaken；tight→tighten；sad→sadden。
(1)She underwent a heart transplant in a last-ditch attempt to save her.n.移植
(2)The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries.v.转播
(3)The insect’s wings are so thin that they seem to be transparent.adj.透明的
(4)These exercises will help flatten(flat) your stomach.
(5)A little stress caused by the exams is useful as it can sharpen(sharp) your mind and motivate you to do well.
1．The caterpillar sought to break its cocoon and become a butterfly.蝴蝶
2．Tortoises can only move slowly，so they need a shell to protect themselves.壳
3．It’s traditional in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.火鸡
4．She describes her childhood experiences in the first chapter of her latest novel.章节
5．I bought a poetry anthology yesterday，which collects a large quantity of beautiful poems.诗集
6．Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.传记
7．He would weave dry grass and reeds into small nets，stuffing them with feathers.编
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1．devote vt.献身，致力，专心(devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 devotion n．挚爱；奉献；忠诚)
·devote...to (doing) sth 把……用于/献给(做)某事 devote oneself to献身，致力，专心 ·be devoted to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
(1)The reason for our devotion(devote) to her is that she devotes her time to reducing(reduce) pollution at an early age.
(2)致力于发展新技术，如高速列车、太空探索和可再生能源，中国已经在科技和创新方面取得了举世瞩目的成就。(2024·北京，书面表达)
Devoting itself to/Devoted to developing new technology，such as high-speed trains，space exploration and renewable energy，China has made eye-catching achievements in technology as well as innovation.
2．appeal vi.有吸引力；呼吁；申诉 n．呼吁；吸引力；申诉(appealing adj.有吸引力的；吸引人的)
·appeal to对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为……向某人呼吁或请求/呼吁某人做某事 ·make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth 向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做某事
(1)Among the collections are some delicate Chinese vases，which appeal to visitors from all over the world.
(2)When I got back home，suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as appealing(appeal)．(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
(3)为了强身健体，我们学校呼吁我们学生每天至少留出一个小时来进行锻炼。(应用文写作之倡议书)
Our school appeals to/makes an appeal to us students to set aside at least an hour every day to take exercise to build up our health.
3．determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心(determined adj.坚决的，下定决心的，意志坚定的 determination n．坚定；决心)
·determine to do sth 决心做某事(表动作) determine on/upon sth决定某事 ·be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态)
(1)Determined to organize(organize) the theme class meeting wonderfully，I am writing to ask you for advice on which traditional Chinese culture appeals to foreigners most.
(2)带着坚定的眼神，我决心勇敢地面对困难，这使我在写作比赛中获得第一名。直到那时，我才意识到没有什么比决心和勇气更重要。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
With a determined look in my eyes，I determined to face/was determined to face difficulties bravely，which made me win first prize in the writing contest.It was not until then that I was aware that nothing was more important than determination and courage.
4．reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思(reflection n．反射；反映；映象；思考)
·reflect...in...在……中映出……的影像 be reflected in倒映在……里；映照在……里 reflect on/upon sth反省/认真思考某事 ·on/upon reflection经过再三考虑 be lost in reflection/thought陷入反思/思考中
(1)Hearing my words，he hung his head，lost in deep reflection(reflect)．
(2)大卫低下头，静静地坐在地上，反思我刚才对他说的话。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
①David lowered his head，sat on the ground quietly and reflected on/upon what I had said to him just now.
②David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly，reflecting on/upon what I had said to him just now.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
(3)中华文化传统反映在多种中秋节庆祝活动中。(话题写作之传统文化)
Chinese cultural traditions are reflected in various Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations.
(4)我无意中听到父母为家庭开支而争吵，再三思考之后，我拿出钱给了我爸爸。
I overheard my parents quarreling about family expenses，and on/upon reflection，I took out the money and presented it to my dad.
5．attempt vt.& n．试图，尝试，努力(attempted adj.未遂的，企图的)
·attempt to do...尝试/试图做…… ·make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试/试图做…… at the first attempt第一次尝试 in an attempt to do...企图/试图/为了做……
(1)The young man was arrested because of an attempted(attempt) robbery.
(2)我们试图在黑暗中认出回家的路，但没有成功。
We made an attempt to make out/made an attempt at making out/attempted to make out the way back home in the darkness，but in vain.
(3)他们第一次尝试就成功地做出了甜爆米花，真是令人兴奋，他们的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。然后，为了尽快卖完所有的爆米花，他们甚至挨家挨户地走。
It was really a thrill that they successfully made sweet popcorn at the first attempt and their faces beamed with a broad smile.Then，in an attempt to sell all the popcorn as soon as possible，they even went from door to door.
1．What amazed the child was not a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.(what引导主语从句)
让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。
2．Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments.(全部倒装)
每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
3．In a word，we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.(where 引导定语从句，修饰一个表示抽象地点的名词)
总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
4．Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother.(否定词位于句首的部分倒装)
我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的家伙，兄弟。
5．A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(be doing...when...)
一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。
be doing...when...正在做……这时…… be about to do...when...正要做……这时…… be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时…… had just done...when...刚做了……这时……
(1)The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.
(2)手里拿着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只赤脚卡在了一节台阶上。我失去了平衡，努力使自己稳定下来，但是没用。罐子从我指尖滑落，摔在了坚硬如石的地板上。我刚要去捡起地上的玻璃碎片，就听到妈妈的声音传来：“发生了什么事？”(续写片段)
With the jar in my hand，I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my bare feet got stuck on the step.Losing balance，I tried to steady myself，but in vain.Slipping through my fingers，the jar smashed on the hard-as-rock floor.I was about to pick up/was on the point of picking up the pieces of glass when I heard my mom’s voice，“What’s happening？”
6．The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(with复合结构)
鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”称为with复合结构，此结构在句中常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，可位于句首或句尾，亦可作后置定语。在此结构中可用形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等作宾语补足语。
(1)With all things taken(take) into consideration，you’ll find it easy to solve the problem.
(2)With lots of difficult problems to settle(settle)，the bosses have no time to go on a holiday.
(3)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
＝Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用with的复合结构改写)
＝Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用独立主格结构改写)
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共6分)
1．earnest adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
2．shell n．贝壳；壳
3．chapter n．章节；篇章
4．autobiography n．自传
5．accomplish vt.完成
6．weave vi.& vt.迂回行进，穿行；编
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共12分)
1．sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
2．capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的
3．launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动
4．contain vt.包含，含有，容纳
5．universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
6．feature n．特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征
7．therefore adv.因此，所以
8．specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
9．mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的
10．stage n．舞台；阶段 vt.上演，举办
11．defeat vt.击败，战胜 n．失败，战败；击败
12．flash n．闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共15分)
1．reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n．反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映象
2．permanence n．永久，持久性→permanent adj.永久的
3．collection n．(同类)收藏品；作品集→collect vt.收集；募捐→collector n．收集者；收藏家
4．particular adj.特别的，格外的；挑剔的→particularly adv.特别，尤其
5．straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正→straight adj.直的；直筒型(非紧身的) adv.直接；径直
6．attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图→attempted adj.未遂的，企图的
7．extremely adv.极其，非常，极端→extreme adj.极其的；极端的 n．极端；极限
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共8分)
1．in summary总的来说
2．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
3．devote oneself to专心，致力，献身
4．ought to do sth应该做某事
5．in particular尤其，特别
6．be capable of doing...有能力做……
7．be sensitive to对……敏感
8．awaken (sb) to sth(使某人)察觉到，意识到，醒悟到
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共27分)
1．She is a determined girl，so we know that once she has determined to do something，she will make her dream come true with great determination.(determine)
2．He gave a speech to appeal to us to protect(protect) the environment，but his speech was not appealing(appeal)．
3．Li Lei is my devoted friend，whose devotion to his work moves all of us.(devote)
4．The results of the experiment are not statistically significant but the discovery from it is of great significance.(significant)
5．This girl described what she had seen and heard，giving a vivid description of the event as if she had attended it herself.(describe)
6．He was really confused by the confusing problem which had also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)
7．It was your generosity(generous) and kindness that made my study and life in the UK enjoyable.
8．In doing so，I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
9．Few people have claimed so far to be able to predict what lies in store for humans in the decades to come.
10．He was on the point of revealing the secret when a few strangers broke in.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共17分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，现代物理学界最伟大的科学家之一，一生致力于他的科学研究。(定语从句) 2.虽然第一次尝试失败了，但他没有放弃，还是成功被大学录取了。(attempt，状语从句的省略) 3.是在进入大学之后，他才下决心主修物理学的。(determine，强调句型) 4.由于将所有注意力都集中在研究上，他最终取得很多科学成就。(with的复合结构) 5.我们所有人都钦佩他对世界作出的贡献，最有名的是广义相对论。(独立主格结构) Albert Einstein,1.who is one of the greatest scientists in modern physics，devoted his life to his scientific research. 2.Although/Though failing at the first attempt，he didn’t give up and managed to be admitted to a university.3.It was after entering the university that he determined to major in physics. In order to concentrate on his research，he left Europe for America.4.With all his attention focused on his research，he finally got lots of scientific achievements. All of us admire him for his contributions made to the world,5.the most well-known being the general theory of relativity.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．My heart contains① a mix of emotions today，ranging from excitement to anxiety，but I manage to contain②my excitement，patiently waiting for the announcement in the theater containing③ hundreds of audience members.
①vt.包含　②vt.抑制　③vt.容纳
2．The novel① she’s writing explores the depths of human emotions with a fresh and novel② perspective that appeals to readers.
①n.小说　②adj.新颖的
3．We launched① the ship into the sea，which marked the launching② of our adventure into unknown territories.
①vt.使(船)下水　②vt.开始从事
4．A special performance is staging① on the grand stage② of the theater，which marks a significant stage③ in local history.
①vt.上演，举办　②n.舞台　③n.阶段
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．We had just got into the helicopter when the bear tore down the fence.
2．Fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.
3．I’m trying to persuade him to give up the attempt to earn(earn) his living by writing.
4．Capable of speaking fluent English，I have no difficulty introducing our traditions to these foreign visitors.
5．The young man，tired of poor life，was determined to go(go) to the big city to try his fortune.
6．Word came that the concert given by the band consisting of 3 teenagers was appealing(appeal)．
7．The scientist devotes himself to his research work—observing the behaviour of gorilla.
8．Before you go abroad，learning about that country’s tradition is of great significance.
9．We have reached a stage where we have to settle the conflict with joint efforts.
10．With so many problems to settle(settle)，I can’t go out to see a film with you.
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
There are many 1.respectable(respect) people around us.They may be our teachers，parents or one of our 2.elders(elder)．As for me，my uncle Marines is the person I respect most.Now，I give you a brief introduction about him.Marines is a noble man 3.belonging(belong) to the middle class.He devotes 4.himself(he) to literature and has made significant achievements.He has a large 5.collection(collect) of books，containing many famous classic novels 6.which/that have been donated to the local libraries.So people in our town respect him for his generosity.Besides，he has a sensitive soul and often shows sympathy for people in trouble,7.the old in particular.I remember he once told me that no one knows what life has in store 8.for them.Drawing on his influence，he also appeals to some authors 9.to donate(donate) some of their books to the libraries.Because of his kindness and generosity，some suggest that a biography ought to 10.be written(write) for him.It reflects their earnest respect for my uncle.
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry对中国四大名著非常感兴趣，发邮件请你推荐一部进行阅读。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1.乐于推荐；2.推荐的作品及理由。 参考词汇： 1.Dream of the Red Chamber 《红楼梦》 2.Journey to the West 《西游记》 3.Outlaws of the Marsh 《水浒传》 4.Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》
完成句子
1．让我高兴的是你热衷中国文学四大名著。(what引导主语从句，novel，literature)
2．我写信推荐《红楼梦》，这是一部吸引国内外读者的小说。(appeal，同位语＋定语从句)
3．这部小说出自清朝著名小说家曹雪芹之手，在中国文学中具有重要意义。(of＋significance，过去分词短语作状语)
4．它的语言有教育意义，尤其包含了许多优美的中国古典诗歌，我相信这将有益于你的汉语学习。(with的复合结构，contain，particular)
5．在这部小说中反映的是中国古代生活。阅读它肯定会有助于加深你对中国文化的理解。(全部倒装，reflect)
6．总之，我真诚地希望你能喜欢读这本小说，并能与我分享你的感受和观点。(summary，宾语从句)
组句成篇　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Terry，
What makes me delighted is that you are keen on Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.I’m writing to recommend Dream of the Red Chamber，a novel that appeals to readers both at home and abroad.
Written by the famous novelist Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty，the novel is of great significance in Chinese literature.It is instructive in language with many graceful classical Chinese poems in particular contained，which I believe will be beneficial to your Chinese learning.What’s more，reflected in the novel is the life in ancient China.Reading it will definitely help to deepen your understanding of Chinese culture.
In summary，I sincerely hope that you can enjoy reading this novel and share your feelings and opinions with me.
Yours，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
亮 词 [情感描写]　sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的　mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的　generosity n．慷慨，大方，宽宏大量　confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
[动作描写]　devote oneself to致力，专心，献身　determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心 awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来　draw on凭借，利用　destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图　accomplish vt.完成
美句 1.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(动作描写) 2.Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments.(排比句式) 3.A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass；but a poet stops，looks deeper，sees truth and beauty，and writes，“Yesterday’s flowers am I．”(动作描写) 4.But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.(动作描写) 5.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(动作描写)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：惊讶
单词 1.shock n．震惊，打击；令人震惊的事 v．使震惊→shocked adj.惊愕的，感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 2.astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的；十分惊奇的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶 3.surprise n．意想不到(或突然)的事，令人惊奇的事；惊奇 v．使惊奇→surprised adj.惊讶的→surprising adj.令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊人地，出人意料地 4.amaze v．使惊奇；使惊愕→amazed adj.惊愕的，惊异的→amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的；令人大为惊奇的→amazement n．惊奇 5.stunned adj.(因惊讶、震惊而)目瞪口呆的　6.astounding adj.令人震惊的 7.speechless adj.(尤指气得或惊讶得)说不出话的 8.dumbfounded adj.惊呆了的
词块 1.to one’s shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人震惊/吃惊/惊异的是 2.in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement吃惊地/震惊地/惊异地 3.It amazes/astonishes me that...令我惊讶的是…… 4.What amazes/astonishes me most is...最让我吃惊的是…… 5.gasp in astonishment惊讶得倒吸一口气 6.be dominated by an overwhelming sense of amazement被一种强烈的惊异感所支配 7.beyond one’s expectations出乎意料　8.raise the eyebrows/frown in surprise惊讶地挑眉/皱眉 9.widen the eyes/eyes grow wide in great surprise/astonishment非常吃惊地睁大了双眼 10.freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock惊呆了 11.speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话来 12.jaw almost dropped/fell in astonishment惊掉了下巴 13.a spark of surprise flashed/passed across one’s eyes眼中闪过一丝震惊 14.be seized by shock震惊　15.throw sb into astonishment使某人震惊
句型 1.A look of surprise spread over/across her face.(无灵主语)惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延开来。 2.Seeing the astonishing scene，he was thrown into astonishment.(现在分词短语作状语) 看到这惊人的场面，他大吃一惊。 3.My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience. 当我看到这么多观众时，我惊掉了下巴。 4.Hearing the unexpected news，Mary was numb with shock，rooted to the spot.(形容词短语作状语) 听到这个意外的消息，玛丽惊呆了，动弹不得。 5.The moment I opened the box，my eyes grew wide in great surprise/astonishment. 我一打开盒子，就惊奇地睁大眼睛。 6.Frozen/Speechless with shock，we approached and found the driver of the car was a six-year-old boy.(形容词短语作状语) 我们靠近，发现车子的司机是一个六岁男孩，都惊呆了/惊得说不出话来。 7.With our jaws dropping to the ground，all the onlookers glued their eyes to us，and then burst into thunderous applause.(with复合结构)我们的下巴都掉到地上了，所有的旁观者都目不转睛地盯着我们，然后爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
语料运用　文学作品
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)I still remember it was a Monday morning，when my teacher called me to his office，① telling me that I had taken first place in the writing contest(现在分词短语作状语)．②Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride(过去分词短语作状语) at his words，I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet couldn’t move a bit.The next day，I was presented with my award at the ceremony.I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.③With a broad smile spreading over/across his face(with复合结构)，he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance.④Speechless with shock(形容词短语作状语)，I bowed to my teacher to show my appreciation to him.Since then，I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer.I ⑤owe my success to my teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
我还记得那是一个星期一的早晨，老师把我叫到他的办公室，告诉我，我在写作比赛中得了第一名。听到他的话，我被一种强烈的兴奋和自豪感所控制，只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，我的脚一动也不能动。第二天，我在典礼上被授予了奖项。 颁奖典礼后，我去了老师的办公室。他的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，他告诉我，他为我的精彩表现感到骄傲。惊得说不出话来，我向老师鞠躬表示感谢。从那时起，我写了许多好作品，而现在我是一名著名的作家。我把我的成功归功于我的老师，他是我写作道路上的灯塔。
单元主题组合练(1)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·河北张家口模拟预测)
The Voynich manuscript(手稿) is a 234-page book filled with writing in a strange language now called Voynichese.It also features many strange drawings of unknown plants，people and charts.Based on the images alone，it seems to have something to do with medicine.
The language in the manuscript appears nowhere else and has become one of the greatest linguistic riddles of our day.Since its discovery，it has attracted researchers，been called a hoax(骗局)，and been the subject of a huge number of articles.
By carbon ①dating the manuscript，researchers are pretty confident that it was constructed in the early 1400s.And through the magic of linguistic analysis，most people agree that the manuscript is not a hoax.Or，if it is，it’s a very，very complex hoax.
A paper published in 2016 by computer scientist Greg Kondrak and his student Bradley Hauer gained a lot of attention.Their theory was based on the idea that Voynichese was made with a substitution cipher(替代密码)．That means it was written in a real language，and then each of the letters in that language was replaced by a specific Voynichese letter.
This is where the computing power comes in.By having a computer compare the text of the Voynich manuscript to 380 languages，Kondrak and Hauer ②ran the substitution cipher through as many languages as possible and determined if the text would make sense.In the end，they figured out that the original language was Hebrew，and they even translated some of the text.There are a few problems with their results，though：they compared the manuscript to modern Hebrew，not 15th-century Hebrew；they had to make “spelling corrections” for it to make sense；and，possibly most egregious(过分的) of all，they got their results using a translating app.
Despite all the innovations in code-breaking over the last century，the Voynich manuscript still rejects our advances.If Voynichese is indeed ever solved，artificial intelligence could very likely play a role.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伏尼契手稿——一本六百年来无人能懂的奇书。
1．What can be an agreed point about the Voynich manuscript
A．It’s a medical book.
B．It has magic power.
C．It was made in the 1400s.
D．It tells the story of a complex hoax.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By carbon dating the manuscript，researchers are pretty confident that it was constructed in the early 1400s.”可知，关于伏尼契手稿，研究人员非常确信它是在14世纪初建造的。故选C。
2．What does Kondrak believe
A．Voynichese was an endangered language.
B．Voynichese will be replaced soon.
C．Voynichese was made by somebody.
D．Voynichese will attract more attention.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Their theory was based on the idea that Voynichese was made with a substitution cipher(替代密码)．That means it was written in a real language，and then each of the letters in that language was replaced by a specific Voynichese letter.”可知，Kondrak认为，伏尼契手稿是用真实的语言写的，该语言中的每个字母都被一个特定的伏尼契语字母所取代。由此可知，伏尼契语是人为制成的。故选C。
3．What can be inferred about Kondrak’s research
A．Its samples were insufficient.
B．It failed to get the text to make sense.
C．It didn’t determine the original language.
D．Its conclusion was not convincing enough.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“There are a few problems with their results，though：they compared the manuscript to modern Hebrew，not 15th-century Hebrew；they had to make ‘spelling corrections’ for it to make sense；and，possibly most egregious (过分的) of all，they got their results using a translating app.”可知，这项研究的结果是有问题的，也就是Kondrak的研究结论并不令人信服。故选D。
4．What does the author express in the last paragraph
A．Doubt. B．Expectation.
C．Determination. D．Concern.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为未来有望借助人工智能来解开伏尼契语之谜；由此可知，作者在最后一段中表达了期望。故选B。
语境猜词 ①date(熟义：n.日期) 生义(文义)：v.确定年代 ②run(熟义：v.跑步) 生义(文义)：v.(使)运转，操作
B
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time，the personification of genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution，two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jurgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating(犀利的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
By setting Einstein’s work in the long ①course of the evolution of scientific knowledge，Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular ②misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single-handedly created modern physics—and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains，Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution，not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch，but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries，as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders，he meant that，without their contributions，he would not have formulated(阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein，of all people，revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that，to understand his genius，one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy ③read，the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍和评价一本关于爱因斯坦及其相对论的书《爱因斯坦革命》。
5．What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein
A．Unclear. B．Favorable.
C．Dismissive. D．Opposing.
答案　D
解析　观点态度题。根据第二段“By setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge，Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single-handedly created modern physics—and by pure thought alone.”可推知，他们俩对普遍关于爱因斯坦的观点持反对态度。故选D。
6．What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Up to standard.
B．From nothing.
C．By learning from others.
D．With previous knowledge.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词上文“Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution，not through revolutionary breaks with the past”以及下文“but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries，as well as nineteenth-century physicists”可知，此处指他认为他的相对论不是从零开始的。故可猜测画线短语from scratch意为“从头开始”。故选B。
7．What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists
A．Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B．Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C．Their researches contributed to Einstein’s success.
D．Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders，he meant that，without their contributions，he would not have formulated(阐述) the theory of relativity.”可推知，作者提到著名的物理学家是为了说明这些物理学家的研究促成了爱因斯坦的成功。故选C。
8．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An essay on Albert Einstein.
B．An introduction to a book.
C．A guidebook to a course.
D．A review of physics development.
答案　B
解析　文章出处题。根据第一段中“In The Einsteinian Revolution...offer an original and penetrating(犀利的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.”和第三段中“As a large part of the book explains，Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution，not through revolutionary breaks with the past.”以及最后一段中“Although not always an easy read，the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知，全文都是围绕这本书来写的，所以最有可能出自一本书的介绍。故选B。
语境猜词 ①course(熟义：n.课程) 生义(文义)：n.进程 ②misconception(派)＝mis＋conception n．错误认识，误解 ③read(熟义：v.读，朗读) 生义(文义)：n.好的读物；好书
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·河南联考)
So，do you want to know how to read classic books Maybe you are excited to deal with classic literature but you don’t know where to start. 1 Here are some tips for enjoying classic literature and helping you get started.
Slow down the pace.The biggest difference between modern literature and classic literature is the pace.Modern reading can often feel like a short race. 2 If you try to ①apply short race techniques to a long distance run you will get tired ②pretty quickly.Well，the same is true with reading classic books.
3 One of the challenges when you start to read classic books is the language style.Words and phrases that are out of date or no longer relevant can make the writing difficult to understand.As it’s just not the way things are written or what is being talked about，it is common to jump over concepts that we don’t understand or words that we’ve never come across before.But，the key to reading classic books and enjoying them is taking time to understand them.So don’t ③shy away from looking things up.
Listen to the audio(有声的) book.Sometimes the best way to devote yourself to a classic book is to listen to it.Many classic books were intended to be read aloud.Books used to be very expensive，so people shared them.This meant that a family might gather together to listen to a few chapters every night. 4
Choose your favourite.Finally，the key to reading classic books and actually enjoying them is to choose one that actually appeals to you.Classic books can get mixed up into a single genre(流派)“Classic”． 5 Think about what you already love reading and look for books that suit your interest.
A．Look up dates and history.
B．But that’s really not the case.
C．Don’t be afraid to look things up.
D．However，classic literature is more of a marathon.
E．A character list can keep who is related to whom in check.
F．Listening to audio books is a lovely way to continue that tradition.
G．Or perhaps you’ve tried reading classics before and don’t really get the main points.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读和欣赏经典文学的方法。
1．答案　G
解析　空前“Maybe you are excited to deal with classic literature but you don’t know where to start.”描述了你想阅读经典文学，但不知从何开始的可能性；选项G“Or perhaps you’ve tried reading classics before and don’t really get the main points.”指出了另一种可能性：没有真正读懂，衔接上文，并引出下文的建议。故选G。
2．答案　D
解析　空前“The biggest difference between modern literature and classic literature is the pace.Modern reading can often feel like a short race.”提出了现代文学与经典文学之间存在节奏上的区别，并指出现代文学像短跑；选项D“However，classic literature is more of a marathon.”描述了经典文学更像马拉松，与现代文学形成对比，语意衔接合理，符合语境。故选D。
3．答案　C
解析　空处为第三段段落主题句，参考第二、四、五段可知，应用祈使句。结合第三段最后一句“So don’t shy away from looking things up.”和全段内容分析，选项C“Don’t be afraid to look things up.”符合段落主题。故选C。
4．答案　F
解析　根据本段主题句“Listen to the audio book.”可知，该段介绍通过听有声书来欣赏经典文学的方法，结合空处上一句“This meant that a family might gather together to listen to a few chapters every night.”可知，选项F“Listening to audio books is a lovely way to continue that tradition.”符合段落主题内容，“that tradition”指代上一句提出的家人聚在一起听书的传统，衔接合理。故选F。
5．答案　B
解析　由上一句“Classic books can get mixed up into a single genre(流派) ‘Classic’．”和下一句“Think about what you already love reading and look for books that suit your interest.”并结合该段主题句“Choose your favourite.”可知，经典书籍并不是只有一个流派，你可以选择你最喜欢和最适合你的，选项B“But that’s really not the case.”对于上一句提出的单一流派进行了否定，同时可引出下一句给出的建议，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
语境猜词 ①apply(熟义：v.申请) 生义(文义)：vt.应用；运用 ②pretty(熟义：adj.漂亮的；美丽的) 生义(文义)：adv.很；相当 ③shy away畏避；回避
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
As a writer，I miss rejection ①slips.Not that I enjoyed receiving those pre-printed slips of paper，but at least when I got one，I was pretty sure that a flesh-and-blood 1 had put it in the envelope.And there was always the chance I might see a handwritten sentence on the bottom， 2 the piece almost made it.When an editor at McCall’s wrote，“I’m afraid I have to say no on this 3 piece，but try me again on another，would you？” It was almost as 4 to me as if she had said，“We’ll 5 it and here is an ②advance for you.”
Nowadays，rejection slips seem to have disappeared with the use of online ③submissions.Most editors don’t feel it a must to 6 your work because they receive so many 7 each day.
For me，there are three 8 of rejection slip pain.The first is 9 brought on by finding a flat “no” on a(n) 10 piece of paper，then followed by anger (how could they 11 a piece that is obviously so much 12 than most of the stuff they print)，and，finally，rebirth：I will live to 13 a new piece another day.
Learning to 14 rejection seems like part of growing up as a writer.Despite the many letters of acceptance I have received，my ④folder of “Noteworthy Rejection Slips” is far 15 than that of “Noteworthy Acceptances”，which indicates to me the fact：I still have some growing up to do.
语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名作家，对于自己的投稿被拒绝的一些感悟。
1．A.writer B．reader
C．mailman D．editor
答案　D
解析　根据下文“had put it in the envelope”可知，把退稿通知放进信封的是编辑。故选D。
2．A.demanding B．indicating
C．suspecting D．arguing
答案　B
解析　根据上文“I might see a handwritten sentence on the bottom”可知，编辑手写的句子表明这篇文章几乎快要成功了。故选B。
3．A.boring B．novel
C．lengthy D．particular
答案　D
解析　根据下文“but try me again on another”可知，这是编辑对于退稿的委婉的说法，赞扬文章很特别，但是不得不拒绝，并鼓励作者再接再厉。故选D。
4．A.vivid B．complex
C．thrilling D．amusing
答案　C
解析　根据上文“but try me again on another”可知，收到编辑的鼓励应该是一件令人兴奋的事情。故选C。
5．A.buy B．reject
C．check D．substitute
答案　A
解析　根据下文“here is an advance for you”可知，此处表示将要购买，先付了预付款。故选A。
6．A.prove B．determine
C．explain D．acknowledge
答案　D
解析　根据上文“Nowadays，rejection slips seem to have disappeared with the use of online submissions.”可知，如今，由于网上投稿的使用，退稿单似乎已经消失了，大多数编辑并不觉得必须告知他们已经收到你的作品。acknowledge此处为熟词生义，意为“告知收到”。故选D。
7．A.proposals B．drafts
C．contributions D．instructions
答案　C
解析　根据上文“Most editors don’t feel it a must to your work”可知，此处指的是编辑每天收到很多投稿。故选C。
8．A.meanings B．stages
C．wonders D．rewards
答案　B
解析　根据下文“The first”，“then”和“finally”可知，此处指对作者而言，被退稿后的痛苦有三个阶段。故选B。
9．A.relief B．upset
C．anger D．hesitation
答案　B
解析　根据下文“by finding a flat ‘no’”可知，发现被退稿后，作者首先有一种挫败感。故选B。
10．A.loose B．expensive
C．characterless D．shiny
答案　C
解析　根据上文“because they receive so many each day”可知，编辑每天要处理很多稿件，所以退稿的纸条应该是没有特点的，千篇一律的。故选C。
11．A.make up B．put away
C．turn down D．insist on
答案　C
解析　根据上文“rejection slip pain”可知，作者在讲述被退稿后的感受，所以是作品被拒绝。故选C。
12．A.easier B．better
C．shorter D．longer
答案　B
解析　根据上文“anger”和下文“than most of the stuff they print”可知，作者认为自己的投稿明显比他们印刷的大多数东西都要好得多。故选B。
13．A.print B．copy
C．download D．submit
答案　D
解析　根据下文“a new piece another day”可知，此处表示重新提交一份新的作品。故选D。
14．A.accept B．criticize
C．judge D．evaluate
答案　A
解析　根据下文“seems like part of growing up as a writer”可知，作者认为学会接受被退稿是作为作家成长的一部分。故选A。
15．A.fatter B．fancier
C．older D．newer
答案　A
解析　根据下文“I still have some growing up to do”可知，作者还有一些成长的空间，即作者的“值得注意的退稿通知书”文件夹比“值得注意的录用通知书”文件夹要厚得多。故选A。
语境猜词 ①slip(熟义：v.滑倒) 生义(文义)：n.便条；纸条 ②advance(熟义：n.前进，进步) 生义(文义)：n.预付款 ③submission(派)＝submi(t)＋s＋sion n．提交；呈递 ④folder(派)＝fold＋er n．文件夹
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·山西忻州期末)
The illustrators(插图画家) of Chinese children’s books remain among the most internationally 1.____________(award) artists thanks to their ①consistent use of unique and traditional styles of artistic expression，according to Zuzana Jarosova，general commissioner of the Biennial of Illustrations Bratislava (BIB)．
Chinese illustrator Chen Xunru,2.____________ book Bull King Festival was very popular，received the Golden Apple award at the 29th edition of the BIB in Slovakia，which started on Oct.4 and ran until Dec.3.Chen is the seventh Chinese illustrator to have received such 3._______ award.
Jarosova says the jurors(评定人) are always looking for artists who are authentic and original while 4.______(keep) their deep connection to culture，traditions and the ②mastery of old techniques.
“Illustrations in children’s books play a key role in their mental development，as a good illustrator can 5.____________(nice) improve the story and build additional floors of the architecture of 6.____________(imagine)，thus kick-starting the small readers’ fantasy，” Jarosova notes.
An international tour exhibition of picture books from China 7.____________(hold) as an accompanying event at this year’s BIB from Sept.28 to Oct.14.The exhibition was well received and for the first time，people had the opportunity 8.____________(see) interesting illustrators from China 9.____________ a great extent.“I will do everything I can for more cooperation to continue and improve 10.____________ (far)，” Jarosova says.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了由于中国儿童图书插画家一贯使用独特而传统的艺术表现风格，他们是国际上获奖最多的艺术家群体之一。
1．答案　awarded
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，非谓语动词award与其逻辑主语artists是动宾关系，则用过去分词作前置定语，故填awarded。
2．答案　whose
解析　考查定语从句。分析该句成分可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chen Xunru，关系词替代先行词在从句中作book的定语，则用关系代词 whose，故填whose。
3．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。award为可数名词单数，且其发音是以元音音素开头，结合空前的such可知，此处用不定冠词an，故填an。
4．答案　keeping
解析　考查状语从句的省略。分析该句结构可知，此处while引导时间状语从句，从句主语和前面的artists一致，且从句谓语含有系动词，所以从句省略主语artists和be动词were，保留现在分词keeping，故填keeping。
5．答案　nicely
解析　考查副词。分析该句成分可知，所填词修饰动词improve，则用副词形式作状语，故填nicely。
6．答案　imagination
解析　考查名词。此处用名词形式imagination作介词of的宾语，表示“想象力”，不可数，故填imagination。
7．答案　was held
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析该句成分可知，谓语动词hold与其单数主语An international tour exhibition之间是动宾关系，又根据该句中的时间状语“from Sept.28 to Oct.14”可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，故填was held。
8．答案　to see
解析　考查非谓语动词。“have the opportunity to do sth”为固定短语，意为“有机会做某事”，see用不定式形式，故填to see。
9．答案　to
解析　考查固定搭配。“to a great extent”为固定搭配，意为“在很大程度上”，故填to。
10．答案　further
解析　考查副词比较级。根据该句中的“more cooperation”及句意“我将尽我所能继续更多的合作，并进一步改进”可知，此处用比较级，表示抽象意义“进一步”，应用further作状语，修饰动词improve，故填further。
语境猜词 ①consistent(派)＝consist＋ent adj.持续的，一贯的 ②mastery(派)＝master＋y n．精通，熟练掌握
单元主题组合练(2)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Throughout history，literature has been a mirror to society，capturing its evolution，revolutions，conflicts，and ambition.As readers，we often find comfort，inspiration，or severe realities through the world of words.Yet，in the 21st century，with a sharp rise in ①digitalization，literature’s canvas(画布) has expanded dramatically，leading to both enthusiasm and worry among literary enthusiasts.
Dr.Elizabeth Montgomery，a famous literary critic and professor at the Langford Literary University，set about an extensive study to decipher(破译) the changing landscape of literature in the digital age.“The printed word has a ②touchable beauty and permanence.Digital platforms，on the other hand，are vast，changing，and developing.This dichotomy(天壤之别) is interesting but also challenges traditional literary boundaries，” reflected Montgomery.
Montgomery’s study lasted over two years，involving a diverse group of 1,200 participants from various age groups and backgrounds.They were divided into three groups：the first experienced literature only through printed books，the second through e-books，and the third through interactive digital stories，which combine text，graphics，and user interaction.
Feedback revealed diverse insights.Printed book fans valued the sensory experience—the feel of pages，the smell of a book—claiming that it deepened their connection to the content.E-book readers appreciated the convenience and portability but missed the touchable experience of traditional books.However，the third group，who engaged with interactive digital stories，expressed excitement at being part of the story，though some felt it weakened the literary essence.
Further，the study found that interactive stories appealed especially to younger readers，suggesting a potential shift in future literary consumption patterns.Montgomery notes，“While traditionalists might find the digital development of literature disturbing，it’s undeniable that the boundary between readers and stories is becoming more ③foggy.The key is to balance innovation with the preservation of literary integrity.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了著名文学评论家伊丽莎白·蒙哥马利博士展开了一项广泛的研究，以解读数字时代不断变化的文学局面。
1．What was the purpose of Dr.Elizabeth Montgomery’s study
A．To promote digital platforms over printed books.
B．To explore the impact of digitalization on literature.
C．To present the landscape of the digital literature.
D．To challenge the traditional literary boundaries.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dr.Elizabeth Montgomery...set about an extensive study to decipher(破译) the changing landscape of literature in the digital age.”可知，伊丽莎白·蒙哥马利博士进行研究来解读数字化时代不断变化的文学的局面，可推断她研究的目的是探究数字化对文学的影响。故选B。
2．What can we learn about the participants who read printed books
A．They found it convenient to carry the books around.
B．They believed the books lacked the literary essence.
C．They thought they were happy to be involved in the story.
D．They felt the sensory experience promoted their understanding.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Printed book fans valued the sensory experience—the feel of pages，the smell of a book—claiming that it deepened their connection to the content.”可知，阅读印刷书籍的参与者觉得感官体验促进了他们对内容的理解。故选D。
3．What does the study suggest about the future of literature consumption
A．Traditional books may be preferred by elder people.
B．Digital stories will enjoy equal preference of all ages.
C．Interactive stories may see a rise among younger readers.
D．E-books will replace printed books and dominate the market.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Further，the study found that interactive stories appealed especially to younger readers，suggesting a potential shift in future literary consumption patterns.”可知，这项研究发现互动故事尤其吸引年轻读者，所以互动故事可能会在年轻读者中兴起。故选C。
4．What is Montgomery’s attitude to the digital development of literature
A．Objective. B．Doubtful.
C．Excited. D．Unconcerned.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Montgomery notes，‘While traditionalists might find the digital development of literature disturbing，it’s undeniable that the boundary between readers and stories is becoming more foggy.The key is to balance innovation with the preservation of literary integrity.’”可推知，蒙哥马利认为文学的数字化发展是客观趋势，并建议寻求平衡，可推知她对文学的数字化发展持客观态度。故选A。
语境猜词 ①digitalization(派)＝digital＋iz(e)＋ation n．数字化 ②touchable(派)＝touch＋able adj.可触的 ③foggy(派)＝fog＋g＋y adj.模糊的
B
(2024·湖南株洲一模)
The book Yes Means Yes，Everything Else Means No，①authored by an experienced decision strategist Bruce Mullen，is more than just a theoretical exploration of simplicity；it’s a practical guide to enhance decision-making skills.The goal of this book is not merely to promote the philosophy but to equip readers with the tools they need to carry it out effectively.From techniques to prioritize tasks to methods for removing distractions，the book offers a comprehensive toolkit for simplifying the decision-making process.
In a world where ②indecisiveness often leads to confusion and missed opportunities，the book’s philosophy distinguishes between a decisive “Yes” and a clear “No”．At its essence，this title encourages readers to grasp the power of conviction and the art of clear choices.The book urges us to channel our energies into the positive “Yes” and decrease our efforts with undecided commitments.
Author Bruce Mullen’s journey began with a conversation with his brother，causing a serious reflection that gave rise to a philosophy centered around simplicity.③Titled Yes Means Yes，Everything Else Means No，this guiding principle explores the importance of decisions in one’s life.Through his personal experiences，Mullen determined the power of simplification，directing him to decisions harmonizing with his core values and ambitions.Beyond individual context，this book extends its reach，influencing business strategies，relationship dynamics，and societal considerations.Mullen’s exploration into the essence of the phrase not only drew parallels to the legal “Yes Means Yes” principle but also emphasized the significance of clear intention in negotiating life’s crossroads.
Yes Means Yes，Everything Else Means No is more than a book；it’s a philosophy that can revolutionize how we approach decisions.Rooted in the simplicity of its title，the book ④briefs the essence of purposeful decision-making.It offers a set of tools to take apart complexity and embrace the power of confirmation and decisive negation.For those who seek to live a life with clarity and purpose，this book is a guiding light in the fog of indecision.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《Yes Means Yes，Everything Else Means No》这本可以增强读者的决策能力的书。
5．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching strategy theories.
B．Solving philosophical problems.
C．Empowering readers with decision-making skills.
D．Equipping readers with techniques to simplify life.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Yes Means Yes，Everything Else Means No这本书是由经验丰富的决策战略家布鲁斯·马伦撰写的，它不仅仅是对简单性的理论探索；这是一本提高决策能力的实用指南”可知，这本书旨在增强读者的决策能力。故选C。
6．What does the underlined word “conviction” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Doubt. B．Speech.
C．Certainty. D．Action.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句上文“在一个优柔寡断常常导致混乱和错失机会的世界里，这本书的哲学思想区分了果断的‘是’和明确的‘否’”。由此可推知，画线词所在句表示“从本质上讲，这个标题鼓励读者抓住信念(确信)的力量和清晰选择的艺术”。故画线词意思是“确信”。故选C。
7．What is the inspiration for Mullen’s philosophy of simplicity
A．A family talk. B．A hard decision.
C．A painful lesson. D．A sudden thought.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“作家布鲁斯·马伦的旅程始于与他哥哥的一次谈话，那次谈话引发了一场严肃的反思，从而产生了一种以简单为中心的哲学思想”可知，马伦的简单哲学的灵感是一次家庭谈话。故选A。
8．What does the author think of Mullen’s book
A．Serious and daring.
B．Inclusive and practical.
C．Objective and humorous.
D．Plain and straightforward.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。根据第一段中“it’s a practical guide”和第三段倒数第二句以及最后一段最后两句“它提供了一套工具来分解复杂性，拥抱确认和果断否定的力量。对于那些寻求清晰而有目标的生活的人来说，这本书是在优柔寡断的迷雾中指引方向的明灯”可推知，作者认为马伦的书包含人们所需的知识，且具有指导意义，即这本书是包容且务实的。故选B。
语境猜词 ①author(转)n.→v.撰写，写作 ②indecisiveness(派)＝in＋decisive＋ness n．犹豫不定 ③title(转)n.→v.加标题，定题目 ④brief(转)adj.→v.简要介绍
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·河北张家口模拟预测)
For most people，traveling through the mountains or sampling French cuisine is a rare treat. 1 If you intend to become a travel writer，here is how you can get on your professional adventure.
Learn to be a descriptive writer.
People come to travel writing from all walks of life，and publications tend to be concerned with your ability to deliver a great piece over any advanced degree.It’s important to learn skills to describe places so that your readers can feel as if they were personally on the scene. 2
Immerse readers with your descriptive writing.
Readers want you to take them on a journey with you. 3 What you need to do is evoke(唤起) the five senses using descriptive writing techniques.The use of simile and expressive language brings the piece to life and makes the readers feel like they’re traveling along with you.
①Cherry-pick the details that will tell the best story.
4 To make a stronger piece，you need to focus on the right stories and details，which means knowing what to add and what you can leave out.Identifying what’s most important and most interesting to your audience makes for more absorbing writing.
　5　
You might be asked to write about a topic you aren’t familiar with or you might need to learn more about a place’s history or background to give your piece greater context.Doing research in advance will allow you to create an accurate and well-informed story.
Travel writing allows you to satisfy your strong desire for travel and make a living of it.It is also a way to connect people across cultures and great distances and build an appreciation for the ②uniqueness and diversity around us.
A．Preparation is key.
B．You don’t necessarily pay for their trip.
C．Make a living by working as a travel writer.
D．A descriptive piece should leave out the details.
E．For travel writers，it might just be another day on the job.
F．To achieve this，you might as well take a travel writing course.
G．Though you may have recorded many interesting details，you can’t include everything.
语篇解读　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍如何成为一名旅行作家。
1．答案　E
解析　上文“For most people，traveling through the mountains or sampling French cuisine is a rare treat.”提到游览山川和品尝法国菜对大多数人来说是少有的体验，结合下文“If you intend to become a travel writer，here is how you can get on your professional adventure.”可知，文章接下来要介绍如何成为旅行作家，所以要先提出旅行作家这个话题。选项E“对于旅行作家来说，这可能只是工作的又一天。”与上文句式相近，构成“珍稀体验”与“工作日常”的对比，并引出下文。故选E。
2．答案　F
解析　根据上文“It’s important to learn skills to describe places so that your readers can feel as if they were personally on the scene.”可知，要学习描述性写作技巧，以便使读者有身临其境之感，选项F“要做到这一点，你不妨选修一门旅行写作课程。”承接上文并进一步提出建议。故选F。
3．答案　B
解析　上文“Readers want you to take them on a journey with you.”提到读者想让你带他们旅行，而下文“What you need to do is evoke(唤起) the five senses using descriptive writing techniques.”则指出你要做的是利用描述技巧调动读者的感官，可推知你不是要在现实中带读者旅行，选项B“你不一定要为他们的旅行买单。”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
4．答案　G
解析　根据下文“To make a stronger piece，you need to focus on the right stories and details，which means knowing what to add and what you can leave out.”可知，这里建议要注意内容的删减和选择。选项G“尽管你可能已经记录了许多有趣的细节，但你不可能把所有事情都包括在内。”和下文意思一致。故选G。
5．答案　A
解析　空处为本部分的主旨句。根据下文“You might be asked to write about a topic...Doing research in advance will allow you to create an accurate and well-informed story.”可知，这一段旨在建议要提前做好研究等准备工作。选项A“准备是关键。”与本部分主旨相符。故选A。
语境猜词 ①cherry-pick(合)＝cherry＋pick v．择优挑选 ②uniqueness(派)＝unique＋ness n．独特性
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Years ago，as a young business reporter，I interviewed an advertising executive.I was there to ask about the latest 1 .But when I sat down，he wanted to talk about writing fiction.He spent hours meeting with clients and crafting slogans，but he dreamed of being a(n) 2 instead.
A decade or so later，however，I was 3 to see the advertiser on TV，holding up his new 4 .James Patterson had 5 into a bestselling author.“Maybe I was delusional(痴心妄想的)，but I 6 thought of myself as an advertising person，” he told me when asked how he’d done it.“I always 7 to be a writer.It was always in my head.”
Mr Patterson’s ability to see himself as a writer 8 a concept known as “possible selves”．It describes how people 9 their futures：what they may become，or want to become，or even fear becoming.
The term， 10 in 1986 by the social psychologists Hazel Markus and Paula Nurius，grew out of the 11 on self-concept and self-perception.A possible self can take you 12 daydreams，which are often fleeting and not necessarily ①grounded in 13 .It can come to fruition(实现) “if you build a 14 from your ‘now’ self to the possible self，” Dr.Markus said.
If you want a change，imagine your possible self and 15 .
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者多年前采访一位广告主管的经历，当时这位广告人梦想成为一名小说家，大约十年后，他最终实现了自己的梦想，文章还介绍了“可能的自我”这一概念。
1．A.campaign B．budget
C．hobby D．travel
答案　A
解析　campaign运动，活动；budget预算；hobby爱好；travel旅行。根据上文“Years ago，as a young business reporter，I interviewed an advertising executive.”可知，作者采访的是一名广告主管，所以想问的应该是最新的广告宣传活动，故选A。
2．A.entrepreneur B．novelist
C．consultant D．specialist
答案　B
解析　entrepreneur企业家；novelist小说家；consultant顾问；specialist专家。根据上文“he wanted to talk about writing fiction”可以推断出这位广告主管梦想成为一名小说家，故选B。
3．A.relieved B．delighted
C．terrified D．surprised
答案　D
解析　relieved宽慰的；delighted高兴的；terrified害怕的；surprised惊讶的。根据上文“Years ago，as a young business reporter，I interviewed an advertising executive.”和下文“a bestselling author”可知，这位广告主管成了畅销书作家，这对作者来说是出乎意料的，因此感到惊讶，故选D。
4．A.envelope B．magazine
C．book D．journal
答案　C
解析　envelope信封；magazine杂志；book书；journal期刊。根据“James Patterson had _______ into a bestselling author”可以推断出，这里指的是他拿着自己的新书，故选C。
5．A.expanded B．changed
C．ranged D．migrated
答案　B
解析　expand扩张；change变换；range变动；migrate迁移。根据上文“Years ago，as a young business reporter，I interviewed an advertising executive.”可知，他原本是一个广告主管，十年后成为一名畅销书作家，这是职业身份的变化，故选B。
6．A.never B．merely
C．nearly D．ever
答案　A
解析　never从未；merely仅仅；nearly几乎；ever曾经。根据下文“I always to be a writer.It was always in my head.”可知，他一直想成为一名作家，由此可推理出他从未将自己看作是一个广告人，故选A。
7．A.hesitated B．deserved
C．planned D．learned
答案　C
解析　hesitate犹豫；deserve值得；plan计划；learn学习。根据下文“It was always in my head.”可知，他一直在心中规划着成为一名作家，故选C。
8．A.creates B．contradicts
C．introduces D．illustrates
答案　D
解析　create创造；contradict相矛盾；introduce介绍；illustrate说明。根据下文“It describes how people their futures：what they may become，or want to become，or even fear becoming.”可知，他将自己视为作家的能力说明了一个被称为“可能的自我”的概念，故选D。
9．A.build B．embrace
C．②envision D．secure
答案　C
解析　build建造；embrace拥抱；envision设想；secure(尤指经过努力)获得。根据下文“what they may become，or want to become，or even fear becoming”可知，这里是在描述人们对未来的设想，故选C。
10．A.bought B．coined
C．imagined D．promoted
答案　B
解析　buy购买；coin创造(新词语)；imagine想象；promote推广。根据上文“The term”可知，这里指的是创造一个新的术语，故选B。
11．A.research B．advertisement
C．suggestion D．regulation
答案　A
解析　research研究；advertisement广告；suggestion建议；regulation规定。根据下文“on self-concept and self-perception”可知，这里指的是“可能的自我”这一术语源自关于自我概念和自我认知的研究，故选A。
12．A.through B．along
C．within D．beyond
答案　D
解析　through通过；along沿着；within在……之内；beyond超越。根据上文讲原本是广告主管的帕特森先生因相信“可能的自我”而成为作家的经历可知，一个可能的自我可以带你超越白日梦，实现梦想，故选D。
13．A.responsibility B．earth
C．reality D．truth
答案　C
解析　responsibility责任；earth地球，地面；reality现实；truth真相。根据上文“daydreams，which are often fleeting and not necessarily grounded in”可推理出，此处说的是白日梦转瞬即逝，不一定植根于现实，故选C。
14．A.shelter B．bridge
C．barrier D．platform
答案　B
解析　shelter避难所；bridge桥梁；barrier障碍；platform平台。根据下文“from your ‘now’ self to the possible self”可知，这里是在比喻性地描述从现在的状态过渡到理想状态需要一座桥梁，故选B。
15．A.take action B．make it
C．settle down D．stay awake
答案　A
解析　take action采取行动；make it成功；settle down定居；stay awake保持清醒。根据上文“from your ‘now’ self to the possible self”以及“If you want a change”可知，这里是指为了把可能的自我变为现实，需要采取实际行动，故选A。
语境猜词 ①ground(熟义：n.地面) 生义(文义)：v.以……为根据 ②envision(派)＝en＋vision v．设想
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The Tang Dynasty opened a new age of prosperity and innovation in arts and technology.During this period，China was the 1.__________(large) and most influential country in the world.The Tang Dynasty is also considered by modern Chinese scholars as the golden age of Chinese poetry，when poetry 2.____________(reach) its peak.
In this age，poetry had developed well as the most important literary form，the writing of 3.____________ became the feature of everyday life in China.Even Tang rulers were often poets themselves.Tang poets are perhaps the best 4.____________(know) and most admired of all Chinese literary figures.①Furthermore，composing poems was introduced as one of the requirements in the Imperial Examination，which was held 5.____________(select) talents for the government.
During this long period of nearly 300 years，more than 50,000 poems 6.______(create) by more than 2,200 poets ②from all walks of life.A book worth mention(共88张PPT)
Exploring literature
必修第二册　 Unit 4
内容索引
过基础　知识排查
查重点　夯基固本
提能力　主题写作
过基础　知识排查
Part One
含义
adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
词汇
earnest
过关
必备词汇
延伸
拓展
[同]sincere
含义
n.文学，文学作品
词汇
literature
含义
即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)
词汇
in store (for sb)
含义
adj.有重要意义的，显著的
词汇
significant
延伸
拓展
[派]significance n.意义，重要性
significantly adv.有重大意义地；显著地
be of (great/no/little) significance to...对……(很/不)重要
attach significance to...重视；认为……重要
含义
n.描述，形容，说明
词汇
description
延伸
拓展
describe vt.描写；形容；描绘
[派]descriptive adj.描写的；叙述的
beyond description难以描述；难以形容
含义
adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
词汇
sensitive
延伸
拓展
be sensitive to...对……敏感
含义
n.灵魂；心性，内心
词汇
soul
延伸
拓展
heart and soul全心全意地，完全地
含义
adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的
词汇
capable
延伸
拓展
[反]incapable adj.无能力的；不能胜任的
[派]capability n.能力；才能
capably adv.有能力地，能干地
be capable of doing...有能力做……
含义
vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来
词汇
awaken
含义
vt.使(船)下水 ；开始从事，发动
词汇
launch
延伸
拓展
awaken (sb) to sth (使某人)察觉到，意识到，醒悟到
含义
n.永久，持久性
词汇
permanence
延伸
拓展
[派]permanent adj.永久的
permanently adv.永久地
含义
vt.包含，含有，容纳；抑制
词汇
contain
延伸
拓展
[派]container n.容器
contain oneself克制自己
含义
n.要素，基本部分
词汇
element
延伸
拓展
[同]factor，component
含义
adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
词汇
universal
延伸
拓展
[派]universally adv.普遍地
universe n.宇宙
含义
n.总结，概括，概要
词汇
summary
延伸
拓展
[派]summaris(z)e v.总结，概括；概述
in summary/to sum up总之，总的来说
provide/make a summary of 给……做总结
含义
n.特色，特征
vt.以……为特色，是……的特征
词汇
feature
含义
n.作者，作家
词汇
author
延伸
拓展
[同]writer
含义
adv.因此，所以
词汇
therefore
延伸
拓展
[同]thus，hence，consequently
含义
n.重要议题；担忧 ；(报刊)一期
vt.宣布，公布
词汇
issue
含义
n.(长篇)小说
adj.新颖的
词汇
novel
含义
凭借，利用
词汇
draw on
延伸
拓展
[派]novelist n.小说家
含义
adj.上部的；上面的
词汇
upper
含义
n.差距；间隙
词汇
gap
延伸
拓展
the generation gap代沟
bridge/narrow the gap消除/缩小差距
含义
n.上下文，语境；背景
词汇
context
含义
adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
词汇
specific
含义
modal v.应该，应当
词汇
ought to
延伸
拓展
[派]specifically adv.具体地，特定地
延伸
拓展
[同]should
含义
adj.特别的；特指的；讲究的
词汇
particular
延伸
拓展
[派]particularly adv.特别，尤其
be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究
in particular尤其，特别
含义
n.话题；题目；标题
词汇
topic
含义
n.(同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐
词汇
collection
延伸
拓展
collect vt.收集；募捐
[派]collector n.收集者；收藏家
含义
n.部分，部门；部件，散件
词汇
section
含义
adj.吝啬的，小气的 ；不善良的，刻薄的
v.意思是；打算；意味着
词汇
mean
延伸
拓展
mean to do...打算做……
mean doing...意味着……
含义
n.慷慨，大方，宽宏大量
词汇
generosity
延伸
拓展
generous adj.慷慨的；大方的
含义
n.舞台；阶段；步骤
vt.上演，举办
词汇
stage
含义
n.自传
词汇
autobiography
含义
adv.极其，非常，极端
词汇
extremely
延伸
拓展
extreme adj.极其的；极端的
n.极端；极限
含义
vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏
词汇
destroy
含义
vt.击败，战胜
n.失败，战败；击败
词汇
defeat
含义
n.用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
词汇
strain
含义
adv.在……旁边；与……一起
词汇
alongside
含义
vt.完成
词汇
accomplish
延伸
拓展
[派]accomplishment n.成就；成绩
accomplish one’s dream/goal实现自己的梦想/目标
a sense of accomplishment成就感
含义
adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的
词汇
noble
延伸
拓展
[派]nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地
含义
adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
词汇
confused
延伸
拓展
confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑
[派]confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
confusion n.不确定，困惑；混淆
confuse...with...把……和……混淆
be/get confused about对……感到困惑
含义
(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
词汇
clear up
延伸
拓展
be about to do sth/be on the point of doing sth when正要做某事这时突然
含义
正要做某事
词汇
be on the point of doing sth
含义
adj.糊状的，软而稠的
词汇
mushy
含义
n.闪光；闪现
vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
词汇
flash
延伸
拓展
in a flash立刻，一瞬间
flash into闪现；掠过
含义
vt.运输，运送
n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输
词汇
transport
延伸
拓展
[派]transportation n.交通运输系统；交通工具；运输
含义
vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正
词汇
straighten
延伸
拓展
[派]straight adj.直的；直筒型(非紧身)的
adv.直接；径直
straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐
1.前缀trans-：transport由前缀trans-和port组成，其基本含义为“运送，运输”，前缀trans-在此意为“进入(另一地方)；成为(另一状态)”，如：translate v.翻译；transform vt.使改变，使改观；transfer v.转移，调动。前缀trans-还可意为“横穿；通过；超越”，如：transatlantic adj.横渡大西洋的，来自大西洋彼岸的。
2.动词后缀-en：straighten是由形容词straight加-en变成动词，有些形容词、名词可以加-en变成动词。如：length→lengthen；strength→strengthen；black→blacken；short→shorten；broad→broaden；weak→weaken；tight→tighten；sad→sadden。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)She underwent a heart transplant in a last-ditch attempt to save her.
(2)The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries.
(3)The insect’s wings are so thin that they seem to be transparent.
(4)These exercises will help (flat) your stomach.
(5)A little stress caused by the exams is useful as it can (sharp) your mind and motivate you to do well.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
_______
_______
___________
n.移植
v.转播
adj.透明的
flatten
sharpen
1.The caterpillar sought to break its cocoon and become a butterfly.
2.Tortoises can only move slowly，so they need a shell to protect themselves.
3.It’s traditional in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
4.She describes her childhood experiences in the first chapter of her latest novel.
5.I bought a poetry anthology yesterday，which collects a large quantity of beautiful poems.
阅读词汇
识记
____
___
_____
_____
_____
蝴蝶
壳
火鸡
章节
诗集
6.Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
7.He would weave dry grass and reeds into small nets，stuffing them with feathers.
_____
___
传记
编
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
探究
重点词汇
devote
1
vt.献身，致力，专心(devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 devotion n.挚爱；奉献；忠诚)
·devote...to (doing) sth 把……用于/献给(做)某事
　devote oneself to献身，致力，专心
·be devoted to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
(1)The reason for our (devote) to her is that she devotes her time to (reduce) pollution at an early age.
devotion
reducing
(2)致力于发展新技术，如高速列车、太空探索和可再生能源，中国已经在科技和创新方面取得了举世瞩目的成就。
(2024·北京，书面表达)
，such as high-speed trains，space exploration and renewable energy，China has made eye-catching achievements in technology as well as innovation.
Devoting itself to/Devoted to developing new technology
appeal
·appeal to对……有吸引力；向……呼吁
　appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为……向某人呼吁或请求/呼吁某人做某事
·make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth 向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做某事
vi.有吸引力；呼吁；申诉 n.呼吁；吸引力；申诉(appealing adj.有吸引力的；吸引人的)
2
(1)Among the collections are some delicate Chinese vases，which appeal
visitors from all over the world.
(2)When I got back home，suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as
(appeal).
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
to
appealing
(3)为了强身健体，我们学校呼吁我们学生每天至少留出一个小时来进行锻炼。(应用文写作之倡议书)
Our school at least an hour every day to take exercise to build up our health.
appeals to/makes an appeal to us students to set aside
determine
·determine to do sth 决心做某事(表动作)
　determine on/upon sth决定某事
·be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态)
vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心(determined adj.坚决的，下定决心的，意志坚定的 determination n.坚定；决心)
(1)Determined (organize) the theme class meeting wonderfully，I am writing to ask you for advice on which traditional Chinese culture appeals to foreigners most.
to organize
3
(2)带着坚定的眼神，我决心勇敢地面对困难，这使我在写作比赛中获得第一名。直到那时，我才意识到没有什么比决心和勇气更重要。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
With in my eyes，I _________________________
，which made me win first prize in the writing contest.It was not until then that I was aware that
.
a determined look
determined to face/was
determined to face difficulties bravely
nothing was more important than determination and courage
reflect
·reflect...in...在……中映出……的影像
　be reflected in倒映在……里；映照在……里
　reflect on/upon sth反省/认真思考某事
·on/upon reflection经过再三考虑
　be lost in reflection/thought陷入反思/思考中
vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思(reflection n.反射；反映；映象；思考)
(1)Hearing my words，he hung his head，lost in deep (reflect).
reflection
4
(2)大卫低下头，静静地坐在地上，反思我刚才对他说的话。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
①David lowered his head，sat on the ground quietly and __________
just now.
②David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly，__________
just now.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
reflected
on/upon what I had said to him
reflecting
on/upon what I had said to him
(3)中华文化传统反映在多种中秋节庆祝活动中。(话题写作之传统文化)
Chinese cultural traditions ____________________________________
.
(4)我无意中听到父母为家庭开支而争吵，再三思考之后，我拿出钱给了我爸爸。
I overheard my parents quarreling about family expenses，and _____
，I took out the money and presented it to my dad.
are reflected in various Mid-Autumn
Festival celebrations
on/
upon reflection
attempt
·attempt to do...尝试/试图做……
·make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试/试图做……
　at the first attempt第一次尝试
　in an attempt to do...企图/试图/为了做……
vt.& n.试图，尝试，努力(attempted adj.未遂的，企图的)
(1)The young man was arrested because of an (attempt) robbery.
attempted
5
(2)我们试图在黑暗中认出回家的路，但没有成功。
________________________________________________________________
the way back home in the darkness，but in vain.
(3)他们第一次尝试就成功地做出了甜爆米花，真是令人兴奋，他们的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。然后，为了尽快卖完所有的爆米花，他们甚至挨家挨户地走。
It was really a thrill that they successfully made sweet popcorn ______
and their faces beamed with a broad smile.Then，____
，they even went from door to door.
We made an attempt to make out/made an attempt at making out/attempted
to make out
at the
first attempt
in an
attempt to sell all the popcorn as soon as possible
1
What amazed the child was not a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.(what引导主语从句)
让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。
Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
(全部倒装)
每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
2
悟通
经典句式
3
In a word，we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.(where 引导定语从句，修饰一个表示抽象地点的名词)
总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother.(否定词位于句首的部分倒装)
我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的家伙，兄弟。
4
5
A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(be doing...when...)
一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。
be doing...when...正在做……这时……
be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……
had just done...when...刚做了……这时……
(1)The professor had just finished his speech students rushed out of the classroom.
(2)手里拿着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只赤脚卡在了一节台阶上。我失去了平衡，努力使自己稳定下来，但是没用。罐子从我指尖滑落，摔在了坚硬如石的地板上。我刚要去捡起地上的玻璃碎片，就听到妈妈的声音传来：“发生了什么事？”(续写片段)
With the jar in my hand，I in a hurry when one of my bare feet got stuck on the step.Losing balance，I tried to steady myself，but in vain.Slipping through my fingers，the jar smashed on the hard-as-rock floor.I the pieces of glass when I heard my mom’s voice，“What’s happening？”
when
was walking upstairs
was about to pick up/was on the point of picking up
6
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(with复合结构)
鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”称为with复合结构，此结构在句中常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，可位于句首或句尾，亦可作后置定语。在此结构中可用形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等作宾语补足语。
(1)With all things (take) into consideration，you’ll find it easy to solve the problem.
(2)With lots of difficult problems (settle)，the bosses have no time to go on a holiday.
(3)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
＝Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，______________________
.(用with的复合结构改写)
＝Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，______________________
.(用独立主格结构改写)
taken
to settle
with tears of shame and
embarrassment welling up in his eyes
tears of shame and
embarrassment welling up in his eyes
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.earnest
2.shell
3.chapter
4.autobiography
5.accomplish
6.weave
词汇默写
默写巩固
_______________________________
___________
_____________
_______
________
___________________________
adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
n.贝壳；壳
n.章节；篇章
n.自传
vt.完成
vi.& vt.迂回行进，穿行；编
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
2. adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的
3. vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动
4. vt.包含，含有，容纳
5. adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
6. n.特色，特征
vt.以……为特色，是……的特征
sensitive
capable
launch
contain
universal
feature
7. adv.因此，所以
8. adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
9. adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的
10. n.舞台；阶段
vt.上演，举办
11. vt.击败，战胜
n.失败，战败；击败
12. n.闪光；闪现
vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
therefore
specific
mean
stage
defeat
flash
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、
光、热等)；沉思
→ n.反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映象
2. n.永久，持久性
→ adj.永久的
3. n.(同类)收藏品；作品集
→ vt.收集；募捐
→ n.收集者；收藏家
reflect
reflection
permanence
permanent
collection
collect
collector
4. adj.特别的，格外的；挑剔的
→ adv.特别，尤其
5. vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正
→ adj.直的；直筒型(非紧身的) adv.直接；径直
6. vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图
→ adj.未遂的，企图的
7. adv.极其，非常，极端
→ adj.极其的；极端的 n.极端；极限
particular
particularly
straighten
straight
attempt
attempted
extremely
extreme
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 总的来说
2. (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
3. 专心，致力，献身
4. 应该做某事
5. 尤其，特别
6. 有能力做……
7. 对……敏感
8. (使某人)察觉到，意识到，醒悟到
in summary
clear up
devote oneself to
ought to do sth
in particular
be capable of doing...
be sensitive to
awaken (sb) to sth
语境运用
默写巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.She is a girl，so we know that once she has to do something，she will make her dream come true with great
.(determine)
2.He gave a speech to appeal to us (protect) the environment，but his speech was not (appeal).
3.Li Lei is my friend，whose to his work moves all of us.(devote)
determined
determined
determination
to protect
appealing
devoted
devotion
4.The results of the experiment are not statistically but the discovery from it is of great .(significant)
5.This girl what she had seen and heard，giving a vivid
of the event as if she had attended it herself.(describe)
6.He was really by the problem which had also
other people for a long time.(confuse)
7.It was your (generous) and kindness that made my study and life in the UK enjoyable.
significant
significance
described
description
confused
confusing
confused
generosity
8.In doing so，I’ll draw an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
9.Few people have claimed so far to be able to predict what lies in store
humans in the decades to come.
10.He was on the point of revealing the secret a few strangers broke in.
on
for
when
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，现代物理学界最伟大的科学家之一，一生致力于他的科学研究。(定语从句) 2.虽然第一次尝试失败了，但他没有放弃，还是成功被大学录取了。(attempt，状语从句的省略) Albert Einstein,1.________________
，devoted his life to his scientific research.
2.______________________________
，he didn’t give up and managed to be admitted to a university.
who is one of the
greatest scientists in modern physics
Although/Though failing at the
first attempt
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.是在进入大学之后，他才下决心主修物理学的。(determine，强调句型) 4.由于将所有注意力都集中在研究上，他最终取得很多科学成就。(with的复合结构) 3.__________________________________
In order to concentrate on his research，he left Europe for America.4._____________
，he finally got lots of scientific achievements.
It was after entering the university that
he determined to major in physics.
With all his
attention focused on his research
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
5.我们所有人都钦佩他对世界作出的贡献，最有名的是广义相对论。(独立主格结构) All of us admire him for his contributions made to the world,5._____
____________________________________________________.
the
返 回
most well-known being the general theory of relativity
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
查重点　夯基固本
Part Two
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.My heart contains① a mix of emotions today，ranging from excitement to anxiety，but I manage to contain②my excitement，patiently waiting for the announcement in the theater containing③ hundreds of audience members.
① 　② 　③_______
vt.包含
vt.抑制
vt.容纳
2.The novel① she’s writing explores the depths of human emotions with a fresh and novel② perspective that appeals to readers.
① 　②__________
3.We launched① the ship into the sea，which marked the launching② of our adventure into unknown territories.
① 　②____________
4.A special performance is staging① on the grand stage② of the theater，which marks a significant stage③ in local history.
① 　② 　③_______
n.小说
adj.新颖的
vt.使(船)下水
vt.开始从事
vt.上演，举办
n.舞台
n.阶段
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.We had just got into the helicopter the bear tore down the fence.
2.Fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive water temperature.
3.I’m trying to persuade him to give up the attempt (earn) his living by writing.
4.Capable speaking fluent English，I have no difficulty introducing our traditions to these foreign visitors.
5.The young man，tired of poor life，was determined (go) to the big city to try his fortune.
when
to
to earn
of
to go
6.Word came that the concert given by the band consisting of 3 teenagers was (appeal).
7.The scientist devotes himself his research work—observing the behaviour of gorilla.
8.Before you go abroad，learning about that country’s tradition is _____
great significance.
9.We have reached a stage we have to settle the conflict with joint efforts.
10.With so many problems (settle)，I can’t go out to see a film with you.
appealing
to
of
where
to settle
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
There are many 1. (respect) people around us.They may be our teachers，parents or one of our 2. (elder).As for me，my uncle Marines is the person I respect most.Now，I give you a brief introduction about him.Marines is a noble man 3. (belong) to the middle class.He devotes 4. (he) to literature and has made significant achievements.He has a large 5. (collect) of books，containing many famous classic novels 6. have been donated to the local libraries.So people in our town respect him for his generosity.
respectable
elders
belonging
himself
collection
which/that
Besides，he has a sensitive soul and often shows sympathy for people in trouble,7. old in particular.I remember he once told me that no one knows what life has in store 8. them.Drawing on his influence，he also appeals to some authors 9. (donate) some of their books to the libraries.Because of his kindness and generosity，some suggest that a biography ought to 10. (write) for him.It reflects their earnest respect for my uncle.
返 回
the
for
to donate
be written
提能力　主题写作
Part Three
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry对中国四大名著非常感兴趣，发邮件请你推荐一部进行阅读。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1.乐于推荐；2.推荐的作品及理由。
参考词汇：
1.Dream of the Red Chamber 《红楼梦》
2.Journey to the West 《西游记》
3.Outlaws of the Marsh 《水浒传》
4.Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》
应用文增分练
文学名著
1.让我高兴的是你热衷中国文学四大名著。(what引导主语从句，novel，literature)
_____________________________________________________________
2.我写信推荐《红楼梦》，这是一部吸引国内外读者的小说。(appeal，同位语＋定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.这部小说出自清朝著名小说家曹雪芹之手，在中国文学中具有重要意义。(of＋significance，过去分词短语作状语)
_____________________________________________________________
4.它的语言有教育意义，尤其包含了许多优美的中国古典诗歌，我相信这将有益于你的汉语学习。(with的复合结构，contain，particular)
_____________________________________________________________
5.在这部小说中反映的是中国古代生活。阅读它肯定会有助于加深你对中国文化的理解。(全部倒装，reflect)
_____________________________________________________________
6.总之，我真诚地希望你能喜欢读这本小说，并能与我分享你的感受和观点。(summary，宾语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Dear Terry，
What makes me delighted is that you are keen on Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.I’m writing to recommend Dream of the Red Chamber，a novel that appeals to readers both at home and abroad.
应用文增分练
参考范文
Written by the famous novelist Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty，the novel is of great significance in Chinese literature.It is instructive in language with many graceful classical Chinese poems in particular contained，which I believe will be beneficial to your Chinese learning.What’s more，reflected in the novel is the life in ancient China.Reading it will definitely help to deepen your understanding of Chinese culture.
In summary，I sincerely hope that you can enjoy reading this novel and share your feelings and opinions with me.
Yours，
Li Hua
亮 词 [情感描写]　sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的　mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的　generosity n.慷慨，大方，宽宏大量　confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
[动作描写]　devote oneself to致力，专心，献身　determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心　awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来　draw on凭借，利用　destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏　attempt vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图　accomplish vt.完成
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(动作描写)
2.Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments.(排比句式)
3.A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass；but a poet stops，looks deeper，sees truth and beauty，and writes，“Yesterday’s flowers am I.”(动作描写)
4.But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.(动作描写)
5.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(动作描写)
情感细节描写：惊讶
单词 1.shock n.震惊，打击；令人震惊的事 v.使震惊→shocked adj.惊愕的，感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
2.astonish v.使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的；十分惊奇的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶
3.surprise n.意想不到(或突然)的事，令人惊奇的事；惊奇 v.使惊奇→surprised adj.惊讶的→surprising adj.令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊人地，出人意料地
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
单词 4.amaze v.使惊奇；使惊愕→amazed adj.惊愕的，惊异的→amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的；令人大为惊奇的→amazement n.惊奇
5.stunned adj.(因惊讶、震惊而)目瞪口呆的　
6.astounding adj.令人震惊的
7.speechless adj.(尤指气得或惊讶得)说不出话的
8.dumbfounded adj.惊呆了的
词块 1.to one’s shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人震惊/吃惊/惊异的是
2.in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement吃惊地/震惊地/惊异地
3.It amazes/astonishes me that...令我惊讶的是……
4.What amazes/astonishes me most is...最让我吃惊的是……
5.gasp in astonishment惊讶得倒吸一口气
6.be dominated by an overwhelming sense of amazement被一种强烈的惊异感所支配
7.beyond one’s expectations出乎意料
8.raise the eyebrows/frown in surprise惊讶地挑眉/皱眉
词块 9.widen the eyes/eyes grow wide in great surprise/astonishment非常吃惊地睁大了双眼
10.freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock惊呆了
11.speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话来
12.jaw almost dropped/fell in astonishment惊掉了下巴
13.a spark of surprise flashed/passed across one’s eyes眼中闪过一丝震惊
14.be seized by shock震惊
15.throw sb into astonishment使某人震惊
句型 1.A look of surprise spread over/across her face.(无灵主语)惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延开来。
2.Seeing the astonishing scene，he was thrown into astonishment.(现在分词短语作状语)
看到这惊人的场面，他大吃一惊。
3.My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience.
当我看到这么多观众时，我惊掉了下巴。
句型 4.Hearing the unexpected news，Mary was numb with shock，rooted to the spot.(形容词短语作状语)
听到这个意外的消息，玛丽惊呆了，动弹不得。
5.The moment I opened the box，my eyes grew wide in great surprise/astonishment.
我一打开盒子，就惊奇地睁大眼睛。
6.Frozen/Speechless with shock，we approached and found the driver of the car was a six-year-old boy.(形容词短语作状语)
我们靠近，发现车子的司机是一个六岁男孩，都惊呆了/惊得说不出话来。
句型 7.With our jaws dropping to the ground，all the onlookers glued their eyes to us，and then burst into thunderous applause.(with复合结构)我们的下巴都掉到地上了，所有的旁观者都目不转睛地盯着我们，然后爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
文学作品
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)I still remember it was a Monday morning，when my teacher called me to his office，①_________________________
(现在分词短语作状语).②___________
(过去分词短语作状语) at his words，I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet couldn’t move a bit.
我还记得那是一个星期一的早晨，老师把我叫到他的办公室，告诉我，我在写作比赛中得了第一名。听到他的话，我被一种强烈的兴奋和自豪感所控制，只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，我的脚一动也不能动。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
telling me that I had taken
first place in the writing contest
Dominated
by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride
The next day，I was presented with my award at the ceremony.I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.③___________________
(with复合结构)，he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance.
第二天，我在典礼上被授予了奖项。 颁奖典礼后，我去了老师的办公室。他的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，他告诉我，他为我的精彩表现感到骄傲。
With a broad smile
spreading over/across his face
④ (形容词短语作状语)，I bowed to my teacher to show my appreciation to him.Since then，I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer.I ⑤___________________________
who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
惊得说不出话来，我向老师鞠躬表示感谢。从那时起，我写了许多好作品，而现在我是一名著名的作家。我把我的成功归功于我的老师，他是我写作道路上的灯塔。
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Speechless with shock
owe my success to my teacher

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