资源简介

词汇 含义 延伸拓展
harm n.& vt.伤害，损害 [派]harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的 harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的 do harm to sb＝do sb harm伤害某人 There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。 be harmful to对……有害
soil n.土壤；国土，领土，土地
overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 [同]abroad
region n.地区，区域；行政区 [派]regional adj.地区的；区域的
continent n.大陆，陆地，洲
million num.一百万；许多，大量
length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 long adj.长的 [派]lengthen v．(使)变长 at length最后；详细地 in length在长度上
species n.(pl.species)种，物种
lily n.百合(花) water lily睡莲
wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物
beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 [派]massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的 a mass of/masses of...大量的…… the masses群众；平民百姓
towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 tower n．塔 v．高于，超过
hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材)
living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 make/earn a living谋生
jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎
microorganism n.微生物
break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)；出故障；失败；消除
nutrient n.营养素，营养物 [派]nutrition n．营养；滋养 nutritional adj.营养(物)的 nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的
breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
thus adv.因此，从而；这样 [同]hence，consequently，therefore
agriculture n.农业，农学 [派]agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的
impact n.影响，作用；撞击 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 have an impact on/upon对……有影响，对……起作用/产生效果
extinction n.灭绝，绝种 extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 in danger of extinction处于灭绝的危险中
damage vt.& n．损坏，破坏，损害，伤害 do/cause damage to...对……造成损害
climate n.气候；倾向，风气
build up 逐渐增加，扩大
global adj.全球的；全面的 globe n．球体；地球
gas n.气体；煤气；汽油 [同]petrol
call for (公开)要求；需要
brochure n.小册子
organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 organize vt.组织 [派]organizer n．组织者 organized adj.有组织的；有条理的
absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 absolutely not绝不
belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 the green belt绿化带 fasten the seat/safety belts系上安全带 the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议
medal n.奖章，勋章
image n.形象；图像；意象
shark n.鲨鱼
spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
deer n.(pl.deer)鹿
track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；径赛；路线 track sb/sth down搜寻到；跟踪找到；追查到 keep/lose track of sb/sth了解/不了解……的动态；与……保持/失去联系 track and field田径
nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不
dolphin n.海豚
resident n.居民，住户
chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的
committee n.委员会
entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 entire adj.完全的；整个的 [同]completely，totally，thoroughly，fully
get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；申辩 n.抗议，反对 protest against/about/at＝make a protest against...对……提出抗议 without protest顺从地 under protest不服气地；不甘心地；无奈地
profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 [派]profitable adj.有利润的；有益的 profitless adj.无益的，无利的
defence (AmE defense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防守；防御物；国防 defend vt.保护；防御；辩白 [派]defensive adj.防御性的；戒备的 in defence of为了保护…… defend...against/from(doing)...防御……；保护……以免…… defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理
policy n.政策，方针；原则
branch n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
strategy n.策略；策划
recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 [派]recyclable adj.可回收的 recycling n．回收利用
subway n.地铁；地下人行道
former adj.昔日的，前任的；从前的 the former...the latter...前者……后者……
official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 [派]officially adv.正式地；官方地
poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 poor adj.贫穷的；贫乏的；不幸的；差的
poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药 [派]poisonous adj.有毒的
give rise to 使发生(或存在)；引起
further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进 far adj.& adv.远的(地) [派]farther adj.& adv.更远的(地) furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的(地)
disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 appear vi.出现 [派]disappearance n．消失
chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的 [派]chemistry n．化学 chemist n．化学家
economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 economy n．经济 [派]economical adj.节约的；经济的 economist n．经济学家 economics n．经济学
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀dis-：dis-表示“不；相反”，它可以与名词、形容词和动词结合使用，构成反义词，如：disadvantage n．缺点；disapproval n．不赞同；disagree v．不同意；dislike vt.不喜欢；discover vt.发现；discouraged adj.泄气的；dishonest adj.不诚实的。dis-还可以表示“分开，分离”，如：distinguish v．辨别，区分；distribute vt.分发。
2．后缀-ist：以-ist结尾的名词通常表示“使用……的人”、“……的信仰者”、“专家”、“从事/研究……的人”，如：pianist n．钢琴家；socialist n．社会主义者；physicist n．物理学家；dentist n．牙医；novelist n．小说家。
(1)Anyone caught cheating will be automatically disqualified from the examination.vt.取消……的资格(猜加黑词义)
(2)At the same time，workers were required to discard old habits，for industrialism demanded a worker who was alert，dependable，and self-disciplined.vt.丢弃
(3)To a geologist(geology)，glaciers are among the most exciting features on Earth.
(4)It is important that the hotel receptionist(reception) has made sure that guests are registered correctly.
1．What I can tell you is that I like a variety of nuts，such as brazil nuts.巴西坚果
2．This species has been in danger of extinction because its habitat is being destroyed.栖息地
3．They believed that the greater the diversity，the more stable the ecosystem.生态系统
4．When a species goes extinct，it dramatically changes the landscape of biodiversity.生物多样性
5．The whale is not a fish，but a mammal.鲸　哺乳动物
6．Insects are one of the foods that frogs like to eat.昆虫　青蛙
7．Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.氧气　碳
8．When crossing the grassland，you can see cattle and sheep grazing everywhere.牛
9．We should lower the use of fuels that release greenhouse gases.温室
10．If the climate gets drier，then the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur.旱灾
11．Pollution control measures are either not strict or nonexistent，leading to choking clouds of smog.雾霾
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体[vary vi.(根据情况)变化；不同 vt.改变 various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的]
·a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 ·vary from...to...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 vary in sth在某方面不同 vary with/by...随……而变化
(1)The students in our class vary in height from 150 cm to 170 cm.
(2)Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various(vary) forms of success.(2024·浙江1月)
(3)各种各样的技术进步改变了我们日常生活的方方面面，从购物到旅行甚至学习。
(2024·天津3月，书面表达)
Various/A variety of/Varieties of technological advances have transformed every aspect of our daily life，varying from shopping to traveling and even learning.
2．survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还)
survive on靠……存活 A survive B (by＋时间) A比B多活(……)
(1)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely on discarded food.
(2)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years.
(3)It is necessary that we master some basic skills，which will greatly increase our chances of survival.Luckily，I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
(4)生活的真谛不在于在暴风雨中挣扎求生，而在于学会在细雨中优雅起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
The true essence of life lies not in struggling to survive the storm but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle.
3．application n．应用；运用；申请(apply vi.申请 vt.应用；运用；涂；敷 applicant n．申请人)
apply to sb for sth 向某人 申请某物 apply to do sth申请做某事 apply...to...把……应用于/涂抹于…… apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于…… to为介词
(1)All applicants who have applied for the position as a teaching assistant should submit a formal application form before Wednesday.(apply)(应用文写作之通知)
(2)He fetched some cream，applied it to the wound with care and rushed me to hospital.(读后续写之动作链描写)
(3)我写这封求职信是想向你们申请你们在昨天的报纸上提供的职位。如果被录用，我将致力于我的工作。此外，我会申请在业余时间做一些额外的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)
I’m writing the letter of application to apply to you for the position you offered in yesterday’s newspaper.If chosen，I will apply myself to my work.Besides，I will apply to do some extra work in my spare time.
4．consequence n．后果，结果；重要性(consequent adj.随之发生的 consequently adv.因此；结果)
as a consequence ＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result 结果，因此 as a consequence of ＝as a result of 由于 take the consequences of... 承担 ……的 后果
(1)Human beings damaged the habitats of animals，tracked and killed them.As a consequence/In consequence/Consequently(consequence)，the ecosystem was destroyed.
(2)The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence，it broke down soon.
→As a consequence/result of the lack of support from the government，the plan broke down soon.
(3)既然你已经长大了，你就应该承担你的不当行为的后果。
Now that you have grown up，you should take the consequences of your improper behavior.
5．in turn相应地，转而；轮流，依次
by turns轮流；时而 take turns to do...轮流做…… It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
用turn短语的正确形式填空
The ten students who represented our club took turns to deliver speeches at the New Year Party.Finally，it was my turn to deliver a speech.As far as I’m concerned，in the past it was our parents and coaches that helped us in many aspects and in turn，we should give a helping hand to them from now on.After the party，we made comments on each other’s speech by turns/in turn.
6．due to由于，因为
be due to do sth预定/预期做某事 be due to sb应付给/给予某人 be due for sth应有某物；应得到某物
(1)The honour is mainly due to you.But for your help and professional instruction，we couldn’t have done so brilliantly.
(2)The official is due for promotion soon for his great contributions to this region in many aspects.
(3)It has been claimed that the meeting isn’t due to start(start) until three.
(4)我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，一定是因为我拥有的健康生活方式。
I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy lifestyle I have.
7．come up with想出，想到；提出
come across 偶然 遇见，碰见；被理解 come about发生 无被动形式 come on出场；开始；加油；得了吧 come out出版；结果是； 花 开放 come up走近；上来；被提出 when it comes to...当谈及……
用come短语的正确形式填空
(1)Please tell me further how it came about that the dinosaur disappeared.
(2)My former colleague’s first novel came out，which made me proud of him.
(3)When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself “ Come on！”(应用文写作之建议信)
1．The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6,400 kilometres in length...(“介词＋which”引导定语从句)
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6 400千米……
2．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(完全倒装)
往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
3．Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.(省略)
一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人呼吁改变生活方式。
4．As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.(so＋助动词＋主语)
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
5．We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs.(even though引导让步状语从句)
我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
6．With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(倍数表达法)
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
常见的倍数表达法有： A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词 size/weight/length/... ＋of＋B A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B
(1)The population in our region is three times what it was 20 years ago.
(2)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的新学校是旧学校的三倍大。
The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times as large as/three times larger than/three times the size of the previous one.
7．While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
while的用法： ·作从属连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)，表示转折。 ·作从属连词，意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 ·作并列连词，意为“然而；而”，表示前后分句的对比。 ·作名词，常与a连用，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。
(1)After a while，she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning.
(2)参观这场展览的时候，我们不仅能欣赏到民间艺术品，而且可以了解它们的制作过程。
While visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn about the process of making them.(状语从句的省略)
(3)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱来指引自己。(读后续写之升华句)
While we can’t predict what will happen in the future，we can guide ourselves with determination and love.
(4)健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都保持精力充沛。(2024·全国甲)
A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism，while eating small，healthy meals keeps your energy up all day.
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共8分)
1．ecosystem n．生态系统
2．biodiversity n．生物多样性
3．overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外
4．mammal n．哺乳动物
5．nutrient n．营养素，营养物
6．microorganism n．微生物
7．brochure n．小册子
8．greenhouse n．温室，暖房
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共13分)
1．region n．地区，区域；行政区
2．continent n．大陆，陆地，洲
3．species n．(pl.species)种，物种
4．wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物
5．impact n．影响，作用；冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
6．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
7．profit n．利润，收益；好处vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
8．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
9．medal n．奖章，勋章
10．strategy n．策略，行动计划；策划，部署
11．former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
12．poverty n．贫穷，贫困；贫乏
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共24分)
1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
2．length n．长，长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
3．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的
4．global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n．球体；地球
5．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n．经济→economist n．经济学家→economics n．经济学
6．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
7．chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家
8．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者→organized adj.有组织的；有条理的
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共6分)
1．breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力
2．get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
3．give rise to使发生(或存在)；引起
4．in length在长度上
5．sign up报名
6．in defence of保护；为……作解释或辩护
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1.5分，共27分)
1．He was the only survivor of the plane crash，and he described to us the process of surviving/survival.(survive)
2．She had applied for a job in this company.Unfortunately，her application(apply) was rejected.
3．There are various goods in the supermarket，and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The variety attracts many customers.(vary)
4．Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth and their disappearance affected the balance of ecosystem.(disappear)
5．Clone can be used to breed animal species which are endangered or extinct，which relieves our concern about animals’ extinction.(extinct)
6．In time of war，lots of money will be spent on defenc(s)e and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)
7．Devoted to teaching，consequently，he earned his students’ trust，which led to other positive consequences.(consequent)
8．There were(be) masses of people in the shops the day before yesterday.
9．A cross-country running race was held with the aim of helping us build up strength.
10．To improve students’ health，we call for less homework and more physical exercise.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共12分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.众所周知，许多野生动物正面临灭绝的危险，它们正在以惊人的速度灭绝。(现在分词位于句首引起全部倒装) 2.例如，随着城市的发展，一些人砍伐树木为农场腾出空间，而另一些人污染河流和海洋。(while表对比) 3.野生动物在保持自然平衡方面发挥着重要作用，它们的丧失将最终影响和伤害我们人类。(定语从句) 4.只有我们人类立刻行动起来，野生动物才能得到保护。(“only＋状语”位于句首引起部分倒装) Dear fellow students， We are making an appeal to everyone with the intention of raising our awareness of wildlife protection. As we know,1.facing the danger of extinction are varieties of wild animals，which are dying out at an alarming rate.That is because their habitats are threatened by human activities.For example，with the development of cities，some people cut down trees to make room for farms 2.while others pollute rivers and oceans.Many of the wild animals now are confronted with food crisis.Besides，we humans are killing off species just for their fur，skin，horns，teeth and meat. Wild animals play an important role in keeping the balance of nature,3.whose loss will finally impact and do harm to us humans.As a consequence，effective measures should be taken，such as prohibiting killing rare species，setting up more nature reserves and so on.4.Only when we human beings take action immediately can wild animals be preserved. The Student Council
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．In the vast desert belt①，I found a lost traveler，whose worn belt② held his few possessions.At a nearby oasis，workers fitted a machine with a belt③ to carry supplies.
①n.地带　②n.腰带　③n.传送带
2．The car broke down① on the highway，leaving us anxious.We tried to fix it，but our efforts broke down②.Frustrated，we called for help.As we waited，some jokes helped break down③ the tension，and we laughed about our misfortunes.
①出故障　②失败　③消除
3．I am a track① and field athlete，always practicing running along a rough track② close to my house.One day，I found some tracks③ in the muddy road after a rain and tracked④ them with curiosity，only to see a couple of squirrels living in the nearby woods.
①n.跑道；径赛　②n.小道　③n.足迹，踪迹
④vt.追踪，跟踪
4．The chief① engineer thought that the chief② problem was to figure out what caused the failure and so did the chief③ of the company.
①adj.首席的　②adj.主要的　③n.首领，最高领导人
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The topic he came up with at the meeting caused a heated discussion.
2．We should take some specific measures to defend the soil from being washed(wash) away.
3．If he couldn’t draw on this clue to find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of survival/surviving(survive)．
4．If you want to make some achievements in literature，you must apply yourself to it.
5．Plenty of habitats of wild animals were destroyed.As a consequence，most of them disappeared.
6．Excellent performances on the stage call for confidence and unique professional skills.
7．The sports meeting，originally due to be held(hold) last Friday，was finally delayed because of the bad weather.
8．They are twin sisters.Lucy is generous，while her elder sister Lily is extremely mean.
9．A wide variety(vary) of measures should be taken to protect the wild animals，animals close to extinction in particular.
10．We ought to raise our awareness of the danger of pollution and its harmful(harm) effects on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
Tom joined an environmental protection 1.organization(organize) as a volunteer.Soon he was sent to work.After arriving at the continent，he started to study 2.various(vary) wildlife in some regions.He learned that 3.masses(mass) of species had lived there before，but later many disappeared.
Two factors led to the results.One was bad climate.4.The other was human beings.It was human activities 5.that damaged the habitats of some animals.Besides，some farmers 6.poisoned(poison) many animals while using chemicals.Some even tracked and killed animals to make a profit.7.In defence of the animals close to extinction，Tom determined to do something to prevent them 8.harming(harm) the animals.He gave out some brochures among the residents.Slowly，they realized what they did was wrong and had a bad impact on animals.In turn，they themselves also suffered a lot.In addition,9.to help(help) local people get rid of poverty，he came up with some strategies.10.Consequently(consequent)，he earned all the residents’ respect.
Due to his efforts，the living conditions for wildlife in the regions are slowly improving，but it still calls for people’s further efforts to entirely change the current situation.
假定你是李华，你校将以“保护我们的家园——地球”为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。
完成句子
1．众所周知，众多的人类活动对我们的家园——地球造成了巨大的危害，为此我们人类受了许多苦。(harm，“介词＋which”引导定语从句)
2．由于温室气体排放量的增加，地球的温度变得越来越高，使得温度上升的速度达到了三十年前的三倍。(consequence，倍数＋as...as)
3．更糟糕的是，由于气候变化和人类活动，一些动物正处于灭绝的危险中，一些植物也是如此。(extinction，due to，so引起的倒装)
　
4．所有这些反过来会对我们人类产生负面影响，如越来越多的自然灾害和罕见的疾病。(in turn，impact)
5．我们是时候采取各种方法来保护地球免受污染了。(various，It’s high time that...)
6．即使个人的力量是有限的，你也可以为重建我们的绿色和洁净的地球贡献自己的一份力量。(even though引导让步状语从句)
组句成篇　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to our home—the earth，for which we humans have suffered a lot.
As a consequence of the increasing emission of greenhouse gases，the temperature of the earth is becoming higher and higher，causing the temperature to rise three times as fast as what it did 30 years ago.To make matters worse/What’s worse，some animals are in danger of extinction due to climate change as well as human activities，so are some plants.All of these in turn will have a negative impact on us human beings，such as an increasing number of natural disasters and rare diseases.
It’s high time that we took/should take various methods to protect the earth from pollution.All in all，even though the power of the individual is limited，you can also do your part to rebuild our green and clean earth.
教材语料整合
亮词 [动作描写]　defence (AmE defense) n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白 survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难　come up with想出，想到　call for(公开)要求；需要　spring to mind突然记起(或想到)
[环境描写]　hardwood n．阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材)　jaguar n．美洲豹，美洲虎　track n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线　consequence n．结果，后果；重要性
美句 1.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(环境描写) 2.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.(环境描写) 3.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.(环境描写) 4.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey；it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.(环境描写) 5.It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better，cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.(排比)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：同情与怜悯
单词 1.sympathy n．同情→sympathetic adj.同情的 2.pity n．同情，怜悯；仁慈 v．同情→pitiful adj.可怜的；令人同情的 3.mercy n．仁慈，宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的，宽恕的→mercifully adv.幸运地；宽大地；仁慈地 4.supportive adj.支持的；同情的　5.helpful adj.愿意帮助的；有帮助的 6.gentle adj.温和的；轻柔的→gently adv.温柔地；轻轻地 7.sweet adj.温柔的，善良的　8.warm-hearted adj.热心的，富有同情心的，慈爱的 9.compassion n．同情；怜悯→compassionate adj.有同情心的；表示怜悯的
词块 1.have mercy on sb怜悯某人 2.feel pity/mercy/sorry for同情 3.express sympathy表示同情 4.out of sympathy/pity出于同情 5.a surge of mercy sweeps over sb怜悯之情涌上某人心头 6.a wave of sympathy wells up in one’s heart某人心中涌起了一股同情之情 7.lend a helping hand伸出援助之手，助一臂之力 8.look at the tiny creature with a sweet smile带着温柔的微笑看着这个小家伙 9.pat the little boy gently轻轻地拍了拍小男孩 10.be torn by sorrow and compassion承受悲伤和同情的折磨 11.his heart aches for the injured dog他为受伤的狗而心痛 12.a random act of kindness不经意的善举
句型 1.His painful eyes seem to beg me for my sympathy，evoking a surge of compassion within me. 他那双痛苦的眼睛似乎在乞求我的同情，唤起了我内心的一阵怜悯。 2.Seeing her condition，I immediately felt a huge sympathy for her，which was coming deep from within my heart.看到她的情况，我立刻对她产生了极大的同情，这种同情从我的内心深处涌来。 3.Approaching the poor boy，she gathered him into her arms with sympathy. 她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。 4.At the sight of the scene，he felt a wave of sympathy welled up in his heart，his heart aching for the injured dog.看到这一幕，他心中涌起了一股同情之情，他为受伤的狗而心痛。 5.Franklin stood silently，torn by sorrow and compassion，weighing what to say. 富兰克林默默地站着，承受着悲伤和同情的折磨，考虑着该说些什么。 6.It dawned on me that a random act of kindness can make such a great difference. 我突然意识到，一个不经意的善举就可以产生如此大的影响。
语料运用　动物保护
(2023·浙江1月，读后续写改编)I was invited to an old friend’s farm.When I walked past a milking house，a hummingbird(蜂鸟) ①desperately trying to escape from spider-webs(现在分词短语作定语) caught my attention.She looked at me into my eyes and her painful eyes seemed to ②beg me for my help.Seeing her condition，I immediately felt ③a wave of sympathy welled up in my heart(无灵主语)．I gently helped her get out of the webs，④putting her into my hand(现在分词短语作状语)．When I opened my hand，the bird made no attempt to fly away，but just sat in my hand looking at me with her bright eyes.I ⑤patted her gently with sympathy.Gradually，she regained her strength and ⑥flew in front of me.This tiny creature looked into my eyes and turned her head from side to side for a long time，⑦as if expressing her gratitude to me(状语从句的省略)．Just at the moment，⑧it dawned on me that a random act of kindness can make a great difference.
我被邀请去一个老朋友的农场。当我走过一个挤奶房时，一只拼命想从蜘蛛网中逃脱的蜂鸟引起了我的注意。她看着我的眼睛，她那双痛苦的眼睛似乎在求我帮忙。看到她的情况，我立刻感到一阵怜悯之情涌上心头。我轻轻地帮助她从网里面逃出来，把她放在我的手中。当我张开手时，那只鸟并没有试图飞走，只是坐在我的手里，用她那明亮的眼睛看着我。我同情地轻轻拍了拍她。渐渐地，她恢复了体力，飞到我的面前。很长一段时间，这个小家伙看着我的眼睛，把头转来转去，好像在向我表达她的感激。就在那一刻，我突然意识到，一个不经意的善举就可以产生很大的影响。
单元主题组合练(1)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·湖北十堰联考)
The birth of a male white-tailed eagle ①signals the success of the Roy Dennis Wildlife Foundation (RDWF) and Forestry England project to return these iconic birds to their original widespread locations along the southern coast of England.The last time a white-tailed eagle chick grew in England，Mozart was working on his opera Idomeneo in Germany.
For two centuries these amazing birds were missing from most of the UK，having been wiped out by human persecution by the early 20th century.
In 2020，the parents of the landmark bird were ②translocated from the Outer Hebrides and north-west Sutherland in Scotland to the Isle of Wight.This is an area with plentiful food to sustain them.It is also a location from which the birds could spread out to cliffs，lakes and forests.
Female G405 and male G471 were two of 25 eagles (16 are still alive) released by the RDWF and Forestry England as part of the ongoing project.And they are one of three pairs to have now established breeding territories in the south of England.
The chick hatched earlier this summer at a nest on private land，the exact location of which is being kept a secret to ensure the welfare of the young bird.
“This is a very special moment for everyone who has worked on，supported and followed this groundbreaking project，” Roy Dennis says，founder of the RDWF.“Restoring a breeding population in southern England，where the species was once widespread，has been our ultimate goal.Seeing the first pair reach this stage is truly incredible.”
The young white-tailed eagle has now been ringed and fitted with a satellite tag(标签) so that its progress can be tracked.A further release of young white-tailed eagles is planned for late summer from the project team’s base on the Isle of Wight.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一只雄性白尾鹰的出生是恢复英国白尾鹰繁殖的里程碑。
1．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Mozart in paragraph 1
A．To admire the musician’s great works.
B．To celebrate the birth of the white-tailed eagle.
C．To compare the situations of England and Germany.
D．To emphasize white-tailed eagles’ centuries-long absence.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The last time a white-tailed eagle chick grew in England，Mozart was working on his opera Idomeneo in Germany.”和第二段中的“For two centuries these amazing birds were missing from most of the UK”可推知，作者在第一段中提到莫扎特是为了强调白尾鹰已经消失了几个世纪。故选D。
2．What does the underlined word “persecution” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Damage. B．Exploration.
C．Disturbance. D．Training.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段“...were missing from most of the UK，having been wiped out by human”可推知，此处指这种鸟类因人类的迫害而消失，故画线词“persecution”意为“迫害”，与Damage意思相近。故选A。
3．Why is the accurate position of the chick kept secret
A．For privacy. B．For safety.
C．For territory. D．For support.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“the exact location of which is being kept a secret to ensure the welfare of the young bird”可知，将雏鹰的准确位置保密是为了确保其安全。故选B。
4．Which may be a suitable title for the text
A．A Splendid Bird
B．A Successful Wildlife Project
C．Milestone for White-tailed Eagles
D．Restoring a Breeding Population
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中的“The birth of a male white-tailed eagle signals the success...return these iconic birds to their original widespread locations along the southern coast of England.”可知，文章主要介绍了一只雄性白尾鹰的出生是恢复英国白尾鹰繁殖的里程碑。C项“白尾鹰的里程碑”最适合作文章标题。故选C。
语境猜词 ①signal(转)n.→v.标志，预示 ②translocate(派)＝trans＋locate v．移动，转移
B
(2024·广东深圳一模)
Each year，the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees.At that rate，some scientists predict the world’s forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.To handle it，now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have ①pioneered a technique to generate wood-like plant materials in a lab.This makes it possible to “grow” a wooden product without cutting down trees.
In the lab，the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant.These cells are ②cultured in liquid medium for two days，then moved to another medium which contains nutrients and two different hormones(激素)．By adjusting the hormone levels，the researchers can ③tune the physical and mechanical qualities of the cells.Next，the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material，and let the shaped material grow in the dark for three months.Finally，the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material，and then evaluate its qualities.
They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded，open cells of lower density(密度)，while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid，helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics.What’s more，it’s to be noted that the research process is about 100 times faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity!
Research of this kind is groundbreaking.“This work demonstrates the great power of a technology，” says lead researcher，Jeffrey Berenstain.“The real opportunity here is to be at its best with what you use and how you use it.This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes，sizes，rigidity，and forms.It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了避免砍伐树木，麻省理工学院的研究人员开创了一种技术，在实验室里生产类似木材的植物材料，并解释了其实验过程及其积极意义。
5．Why do researchers at MIT perform the research
A．To grow more trees.
B．To reduce tree losses.
C．To protect plant diversity.
D．To predict forest disappearance.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year，the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees.At that rate，some scientists predict the world’s forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.To handle it...”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员进行这项研究是为了减少树木损失。故选B。
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the lab research
A．Its scientific origins. B．Its theoretical basis.
C．Its usual difficulties. D．Its main processes.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“first take cells from the leaves of a young plant” “then moved to another medium” “Next，the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material” “Finally，the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material，and then evaluate its qualities.”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于实验室研究的主要过程。故选D。
7．What does the finding suggest about the plant materials
A．They are better than naturally grown plants.
B．Their growth speed determines their characteristics.
C．The hormone levels affect their rigidity.
D．Their cells’ shapes mainly rely on their density.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded，open cells of lower density(密度)，while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid，helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics.”可知，激素水平影响细胞的形状和密度，而细胞结构的密度影响植物材料硬度，由此可知，激素水平影响植物材料的硬度。故选C。
8．Why is the research path-breaking according to Berenstain
A．It uses new biological materials in lab experiments.
B．It has a significant impact on worldwide plant growth.
C．It revolutionizes the way to make wooden products.
D．It challenges traditional scientific theories in forestry.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes，sizes，rigidity，and forms.It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve.”可知，Berenstain认为这项研究具有开创性是因为它革新了制作木制品的方法。故选C。
语境猜词 ①pioneer(转)n.→v.倡导；开辟 ②culture(转)n.→v.培育 ③tune(熟义：n.曲调；曲子) 生义(文义)：v.调整
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·安徽安庆三模)
The wildfires in the Amazon rainforest have produced alarm around the world. 1 However，there are several steps you can take to help reduce your impact on the Amazon and other rainforests.
Buy fewer paper and wood products.
One of the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon is logging，which is driven by the high demand for wood-based products. 2 For example，you can use both sides of a piece of paper.On top of that，look out for alternative paper products that are not made from tree materials as well as paper with a high percentage of recycled materials.
Cut your fossil fuel consumption.
Some scientists think that climate change could significantly increase the rate of forest loss in the Amazon.The burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere afterwards is one of the primary ①drivers of climate change： 3 You might take a bike to work instead of driving a car and switch off electrical appliances when you are not using them.
Hold businesses responsible.
4 If you believe that a business is operating in a manner that is environmentally irresponsible，make yourself heard：Contact the company; call them out on social media platforms; or organize a boycott.
Direct action has the power to transform how companies do business.In 1999，Home Depot，the single largest retailer of household items in the world，agreed to gradually stop sales of old-growth wood. 5
A．These fires have little impact on humans though.
B．Sadly，there is not much you can do to stop the fires.
C．So wherever possible，try to cut down on your carbon emissions.
D．This practice has led to great progress in the conservation of rainforests.
E．The company’s decision was largely the result of a campaign led by ②grassroots activists.
F．Educate yourself about the business practices of companies that are active in the Amazon.
G．Reduce the amount of wood products you purchase and make the most out of items you have bought.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。亚马孙雨林火灾引发了全球关注，文章提出了几个人们可以采取的措施，这些措施有助于减少对亚马孙及其他雨林的影响。
1．答案　B
解析　根据前文“The wildfires in the Amazon rainforest have produced alarm around the world.”可知，此处强调亚马孙雨林的野火已经引起了全世界的警觉。B选项中的fires与前文保持话题一致，讲述的是虽然已经引起警觉，可悲的是没有太多办法阻止森林大火，承接前文，并与后文构成转折，符合语境。故选B。
2．答案　G
解析　根据本段主旨句“Buy fewer paper and wood products.”以及前文“One of the main causes...is driven by the high demand for wood-based products.”可知，造成亚马孙地区森林滥伐的主要原因之一是伐木作业，这是由对木制品的高需求驱动的，后文应提及减少你购买的数量，G选项符合语境。故选G。
3．答案　C
解析　根据本段主旨句“Cut your fossil fuel consumption.”可知，本段强调的是减少化石燃料的消耗，即从节能减排的方面入手，实现减少自己对亚马孙和其他热带雨林的影响。C选项符合语境。故选C。
4．答案　F
解析　根据后文“If you believe that a business is operating in a manner that is environmentally irresponsible，make yourself heard...”可知，此处强调的是要了解活跃在亚马孙地区的公司的商业活动。F选项与下文形成呼应，符合语境。故选F。
5．答案　E
解析　根据前文“In 1999，Home Depot，...agreed to gradually stop sales of old-growth wood.”可知，此处以Home Depot为例说明直接行动有能力改变公司的经营方式。E选项承接上文，且呼应本段首句，符合语境。故选E。
语境猜词 ①driver(熟义：n.司机) 生义(文义)：n.驱动因素 ②grassroots(合)＝grass＋roots n．草根，基层
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽合肥质检)
It was in the cold midwinter，and the homeless couple struggled through the night snow，seeking shelter.The father-to-be 1 the roadside for some place where his struggling 2 might rest safely for the night.
That December night，Gus Kiebel，a county wildlife officer，was driving home from work when he 3 the pair in the flash of his headlights.He ①parked his truck and 4 the animals.Gus 5 out his hands to the beagles(比格犬)，which made no effort to escape.Then，he placed the dogs in his truck.Gus 6 his phone，took a picture of the pair and sent it to his wife，Katie Kiebel before calling Katie.
“You cannot put them 7 in the snow，” she said.“Bring them home.”
The Kiebels prepared a bed for the dogs in their warm home，where the 8 animals lay together.However，already having a dog，the Kiebels couldn’t 9 to keep new ones.The next day，Katie took the dogs to the shelter—on one condition.“I’m not 10 the dogs over to you if you’re going to separate them，” she said.The shelter workers promised to keep the couple together.Soon after Christmas，the beagles were 11 —as a 12 ，to a loving family.
It’s a simple story，but it speaks to the 13 of our nature.And when 14 and love ②triumph over cruelty and neglect，it can feel like the greatest 15 of all.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在寒冷的冬夜，县野生动物官员Gus Kiebel发现了一对无家可归的比格犬，后来他和他的妻子凯蒂为这对狗狗提供了温暖和庇护。
1．A.looked B．headed
C．searched D．figured
答案　C
解析　look看；head朝(某方向)行进；search搜索，在(某地)搜寻；figure认为，估计。结合上文“seeking shelter”可知，它在寻找一个可以休息的地方。故选C。
2．A.companion B．company
C．friend D．effort
答案　A
解析　companion同伴，伴侣；company公司；friend朋友；effort努力。根据上文“the homeless couple”可知，这位准爸爸是给自己的伴侣寻找可以安全过夜的地方。故选A。
3．A.scared B．attracted
C．appealed D．spotted
答案　D
解析　scare使害怕；attract吸引；appeal呼吁；spot发现。根据下文“he placed the dogs in his truck”可知，Gus Kiebel是发现了这两只动物。故选D。
4．A.frightened B．approached
C．attracted D．appealed
答案　B
解析　frighten使惊吓；approach接近；attract吸引；appeal呼吁。根据下文“out his hands to the beagles(比格犬)，which made no effort to escape”可知，Gus是下车接近这两只动物。故选B。
5．A.put B．laid
C．made D．stretched
答案　D
解析　put放；lay放置；make制作；stretch伸出。根据下文“out his hands to the beagles(比格犬)”以及“Then，he placed the dogs in his truck.”可知，Gus向比格犬伸出手。故选D。
6．A.brought up B．took out
C．warmed up D．put down
答案　B
解析　bring up抚养；take out拿出；warm up温暖；put down放下。根据下文“took a picture of the pair and sent it to his wife”可知，Gus是拿出手机给这两只比格犬拍了照片，并发送给妻子。故选B。
7．A.down B．up
C．back D．forward
答案　C
解析　down朝下，向下；up向上；back向后，回原处；forward向前。根据上文“Then，he placed the dogs in his truck.”可知，Gus已经把狗放在他的卡车里，结合空后“in the snow”以及下文“Bring them home.”可知，他的妻子的意思是不能再把狗放回雪地里，叫他把狗带回家。故选C。
8．A.disappointed B．lovely
C．unparalleled D．exhausted
答案　D
解析　disappointed失望的；lovely可爱的；unparalleled无与伦比的；exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据第一段中“It was in the cold midwinter，and the homeless couple struggled through the night snow，seeking shelter.”可知，在寒冷的冬夜，这两只狗在雪地里跋涉寻找栖身之所，已经筋疲力尽了。故选D。
9．A.afford B．offend
C．intend D．succeed
答案　A
解析　afford负担得起；offend冒犯；intend打算；succeed成功。根据上文“However，already having a dog”可知，因为家里已经有一只狗了，所以他们负担不起再养这两只。故选A。
10．A.turning B．driving
C．signing D．giving
答案　C
解析　turn转向；drive开车；sign签名，签字；give给。根据下文“if you’re going to separate them”可知，Katie的意思是如果庇护所要把它们俩分开，她就不把狗给庇护所，也就是她不会签字同意把狗给庇护所。固定搭配sign sth over (to sb)意为“签字转让(权利或财产)”，符合语境。故选C。
11．A.welcomed B．received
C．adopted D．presented
答案　C
解析　welcome欢迎；receive收到；adopt收养；present呈现。根据下文“to a loving family”可知，那对比格犬被人收养了。故选C。
12．A.pet B．pair
C．family D．reward
答案　B
解析　pet宠物；pair一对；family家人；reward回报。根据上文“The shelter workers promised to keep the couple together.”可知，庇护所的工作人员没有分开它们俩，所以它们作为一对，一起被收养。故选B。
13．A.bottom B．basis
C．fundamental D．best
答案　D
解析　bottom底部；basis基础；fundamental基本原则；best最好的事物。根据上文讲述的Gus把比格犬带回家、他的妻子Katie把比格犬送到庇护所以及下文“love triumph over cruelty and neglect”可知，这个故事道出了我们本性中最美好的一面。故选D。
14．A.kindness B．curiosity
C．generosity D．patience
答案　A
解析　kindness善良；curiosity好奇心；generosity慷慨；patience耐心。根据下文“and love triumph over cruelty and neglect”和上文Gus和Katie夫妻两人的善举可知，此处表示“当善良和爱战胜残酷和忽视时，感觉就像最伟大的奇迹”。故选A。
15．A.achievement B．miracle
C．career D．job
答案　B
解析　参考上题解析。achievement成就；miracle奇迹；career职业生涯；job工作。故选B。
语境猜词 ①park(熟义：n.公园) 生义(文义)：v.停(车)；泊(车) ②triumph(转)n.→v.战胜；打败
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·广东湛江二模)
No structure is as symbolically significant or 1.____________(cultural) important to China as the Great Wall.Architectural 2.____________(engineer) are part of a huge project to repair this centuries-old structure.
Jiankou 3.____________(believe) to be one of the most rugged ①stretches of the relic.Some of the most dangerous work includes laborers hanging from ②towering heights.With ropes tied around 4.____________(they) waists，repair workers spread cement on the wall’s steep sides，while others hold the ropes for support.5.____________(survive) a fall from the steep sides would be unlikely.A laborer explains 6.____________ he risks his life to make repairs to the ancient structure，saying that it is an honor to be part of such a great cause，and it is very 7.____________(meaning) to do so.
Getting supplies to this part of the wall is also a demanding effort.Because the path is so steep，donkeys and mules must be used to transport bricks,8.____________ can weigh as much as 150 kg each.The repair team goes to great lengths 9.____________(keep) the principle of minimal intervention.“We have to stick 10.____________ the original format，the original material and the original ③craftsmanship，so that we can better preserve the historical and cultural values，” said Cheng Yongmao，the engineer leading Jiankou’s restoration work.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。本文主要介绍了关于长城最崎岖的部分之一——箭扣长城的修复项目。
1．答案　culturally
解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词，所以要用副词。故填culturally。
2．答案　engineers
解析　考查名词复数。根据空后的are可知，此处的名词要用复数形式。故填engineers。
3．答案　is believed
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，believe与主语Jiankou之间是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态；根据句意和下文动词的时态可知，本句要用一般现在时；主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is believed。
4．答案　their
解析　考查代词。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
5．答案　Surviving
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处作主语，所以要用动名词。位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Surviving。
6．答案　why
解析　考查名词性从句。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句；根据saying that...to do so可知，句子用来说明原因，所以此处要用why。故填why。
7．答案　meaningful
解析　考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处要用形容词作表语。故填meaningful。
8．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以此处用which。故填which。
9．答案　to keep
解析　考查非谓语动词。go to great lengths to do sth 意为“竭尽全力做某事”。故填to keep。
10．答案　to
解析　考查介词。stick to sth 意为“坚持某事”。故填to。
语境猜词 ①stretch(熟义：v.伸展) 生义(文义)：n.一段；一片 ②towering(派)＝tower＋ing adj.高耸的 ③craftsmanship(派)＝craftsman＋ship n．技艺
单元主题组合练(2)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·湖南长沙一模)
We are ①unavoidably linked to the ocean.Collectively，it covers about 71% of our world and is instrumental in the processes that keep us alive.While the rainforests may be referred to as “the lungs of the planet”，scientists say it’s actually the ocean that provides 50%－80% of the oxygen we breathe.Besides，through a “conveyor belt” action，it helps regulate Earth’s climate by transporting heat away from the equator，towards the poles to cool.The ocean also proves itself essential in the fight against climate change too.It absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere—or rather，it’s not the ocean itself but what lives in it.And perhaps one of the most incredible forms is the humble seagrass.
Across the globe，there are more than 70 species of seagrass，growing in shallow and ②sheltered coastal areas and covering 300,000 square kilometres，which absorbs 10% of the ocean’s carbon each year and captures carbon up to 35 times faster than tropical rainforests.Seagrass builds its leaves and roots using carbon，which it extracts from water through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用)—and it holds on to it，even after death.Dead plant material decomposes(分解) slowly on the ocean floor，and this means that the carbon stored within is eventually buried under the seabed.
Significant as it is，seagrass is critically endangered.According to the U．N.Environment Programme，a seagrass area the size of a football pitch is destroyed every 30 minutes around the world.Fortunately，restoration missions are already ③underway，in places as far afield as Kenya，Mozambique，and the UK.But rising temperatures remain a ④twofold threat：an increase in storms that tear the shallow-rooted seagrass from its beds，and rising sea-levels that block out the sunlight.
However，seagrass is known to adapt to survive—and gene sequencing of the Zostera marina seagrass has shown it has done so on three separate occasions already.Could it be one of Earth’s great survivors that will save us all Only time will tell.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海草的重要性——能够通过吸收碳来帮助调节气候。
1．How does the seagrass help regulate Earth’s climate
A．It blocks out the sunlight.
B．It absorbs carbon dioxide.
C．It provides most of the oxygen.
D．It transports heat towards the poles.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The ocean also proves itself essential in the fight against climate change too.It absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere—or rather，it’s not the ocean itself but what lives in it.And perhaps one of the most incredible forms is the humble seagrass.”可知，海草能够通过吸收二氧化碳来帮助调节气候，故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “extracts” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Obtains. B．Replaces.
C．Consumes. D．Delivers.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Seagrass builds its leaves and roots using carbon，which it extracts from water through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用)—and it holds on to it，even after death.”可知，海草通过光合作用从水中提取碳来使叶子和根生长，即使在死后也会保留碳。故“extract”意为“提取，获得”，故选A。
3．What can be inferred about the seagrass from the last two paragraphs
A．It is no longer endangered after restoration.
B．It has saved the planet from climate change.
C．It hasn’t been affected by rising temperatures.
D．It is able to adapt to changes in its environment.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However，seagrass is known to adapt to survive...it has done so on three separate occasions already.”可推测，海草具备适应周边环境的变化以求生存的能力，故选D。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．The Fantastic World of Seagrass
B．The Uncertain Future of the Ocean
C．Seagrass：the Ocean’s Unsung Hero
D．The Battle to Save Seagrass from Extinction
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文的主体对象是海草，作为海洋生态系统的一部分，它能够吸收大量的碳，有助于减缓气候变化，结合文章结尾处“Could it be one of Earth’s great survivors that will save us all Only time will tell.”可知，C选项“海草：海洋的无名英雄”最适合作文章标题。故选C。
语境猜词 ①unavoidably(派)＝un＋avoid＋abl(e)＋y adv.不可避免地 ②sheltered(派)＝shelter＋ed adj.有遮蔽物的 ③underway(合)＝under＋way adj.在进行中的 ④twofold(合)＝two＋fold adj.双重的
B
Ammonia(氨) is one of many pollutants present in wastewater and can be poisonous for marine and land life.Therefore，in a process called air stripping(空气剥离)，it is removed from wastewater and later used as a fertilizer or fuel.Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface.But this process is not efficient：it is ①energy-intensive，and requires specific temperatures，air supply，and a lot of chemicals，making it expensive.
②Addressing these disadvantages，researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal，even under ③sub-standard conditions.
“So far，the removal of ammonia from wastewater was thought to be dependent on only pH，temperature，and air supply.However，we have shown that an electric field can also act as a modulator(调节器) of this process，” says Prof.Young-Chae Song，the lead investigator on this study.
Prof.Song and his team used a combination of ④live experiments with an ammonia removal tank and deep learning to understand how electric fields of different strengths influence the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater.They found that electric fields with an alternating current of 50 MHz and a power of 15 V/cm significantly improve the ammonia removal efficiency，increasing it from 51% to 94%，even under sub-standard conditions.Therefore，improved ammonia yields could be achieved while considerably reducing the consumption of energy and chemicals.
Prof.Song comments，“Our findings showed that electric field application provides a similar efficiency of ammonia removal to conventional methods at a much lower temperature，air supply，and pH.Moreover，the energy needed to power the electric field is a minute part of the energy required to achieve these ‘excellent’ conditions.”
Indeed，this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process.
语篇解读　本文是新闻报道。文章报道了韩国研究人员发现，在空气剥离过程中简单应用电场可以显著提高氨去除效率的新技术。
5．What happens to ammonia during air stripping
A．It becomes a fertilizer.
B．It stays on the water.
C．It changes into another state.
D．It disappears in the process.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Air stripping transforms ammonia into a gas that can then escape the wastewater from its surface.”可知，在空气剥离过程中氨会变成另一种状态。故选C。
6．What can be inferred from Prof.Song’s words
A．Electric fields slow the process of the removal.
B．Much energy is needed to achieve good conditions.
C．The removal of ammonia depends on only electric fields.
D．The use of electric fields improves the traditional method.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Prof.Song comments，‘Our findings showed that...air supply，and pH.’”可推知，电场的使用改进了传统的方法。故选D。
7．What is the function of the new platform
A．To power air stripping.
B．To lower the temperature.
C．To provide economical energy.
D．To remove ammonia at a lower cost.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Indeed，this new electric field-coupled platform could provide a more economical way of getting ammonia from wastewater and reducing the carbon footprint associated with this process.”可知，新平台的功能是以较低的成本去除氨。故选D。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The discovery of electric fields.
B．An electric field-coupled platform.
C．A new technological advancement.
D．Electric fields of different strengths.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段“Addressing these disadvantages，researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that the simple application of an electric field during air stripping can considerably improve the efficiency of ammonia removal，even under sub-standard conditions.”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了在空气剥离过程中简单应用电场可以显著提高氨去除效率的新技术。故选C。
语境猜词 ①energy-intensive(合)＝energy＋intensive adj.耗能的；能源密集型的 ②address(熟义：n.地址) 生义(文义)：v.处理，设法解决 ③sub-standard(派)＝sub＋standard adj.标准以下的 ④live(熟义：v.住，居住 adj.活的) 生义(文义)：adj.现场直播的；实况转播的
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Are worms the heroes we didn’t know we needed Silent，slimy and wriggling(扭动)，you might think that worms are good for nothing except bait(诱饵) on the end of a fishing pole. 1
The British naturalist Charles Darwin said that no other animal has “played such an important part in the history of the world as these lowly organised creatures”．They have lived on Earth for 600 million years and have even survived five mass extinctions. 2
Earthworms literally move the earth，and this is why farmers love them.As they travel，they aerate(使透气) the soil by loosening，mixing and oxygenating it. 3 They are effectively a small but very efficient plough(犁)．But it’s not just earthworms that deserve praise.
In 2022，a group of scientists at the Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research isolated enzymes(酶) found in wax worm saliva(唾液) which are plastic-eating. 4 It’s hoped that by producing these enzymes on an ①industry-level scale，we will have a more environmentally friendly way to reduce plastic pollution.
5 Bloodworms are small sea creatures which press themselves into the mud of the ocean floor.Scientists at the University of California，Santa Barbara have been studying their jaws，which are made up of 10% copper proteins(铜蛋白) and are so strong that they last the worm’s entire five-year ②lifespan.Because of this research，engineers may start using the jaws as inspiration for the design and manufacture of materials like concrete.
So，next time you see a worm，show it a little respect.They really are changing the world!
A．So，what do worms do that is so great
B．Worms have a lifespan of a few months.
C．And worms are even inspiring the building industry.
D．It increases the ground’s capacity to hold and empty water.
E．However，there is more to the humble worm than meets the eye.
F．Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.
G．These can break down a very common plastic that normally breaks down over many years.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不起眼的蠕虫实际上是我们需要的英雄，它们可以疏松土壤，更快地分解难以降解的塑料，甚至为建筑行业提供灵感。
1．答案　E
解析　前文“Are worms the heroes we didn’t know we needed Silent，slimy and wriggling (扭动)，you might think that worms are good for nothing except bait(诱饵) on the end of a fishing pole.”提到人们通常认为蠕虫没有特别的用处，后文段落具体介绍了蠕虫的大作用。因此E项“However，there is more to the humble worm than meets the eye.”符合语境，指出蠕虫其实并不简单，和前文构成转折，引出后文段落内容。故选E。
2．答案　A
解析　前文“The British naturalist Charles Darwin said that no other animal has ‘played such an important part in the history of the world as these lowly organised creatures’．They have lived on Earth for 600 million years and have even survived five mass extinctions.”引用达尔文的话，强调蠕虫的重要性，并提到蠕虫顽强的生存能力，后文段落介绍蠕虫的奇特之处。因此A项“So，what do worms do that is so great？”符合语境，承接前文，以问题的形式引出对蠕虫了不起之处的探究，引出后文的具体介绍。故选A。
3．答案　D
解析　前文“Earthworms literally move the earth，and this is why farmers love them.As they travel，they aerate (使透气) the soil by loosening，mixing and oxygenating it.”介绍蚯蚓帮助松动土壤，让土壤透气。因此D项“It increases the ground’s capacity to hold and empty water.”符合语境，指出蚯蚓的行为对地面蓄水和排水方面的帮助，承接前文。故选D。
4．答案　G
解析　前文“In 2022，a group of scientists at the Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research isolated enzymes (酶) found in wax worm saliva (唾液) which are plastic-eating.”提到科学家们分离出了能吃塑料的酶。因此G项“These can break down a very common plastic that normally breaks down over many years.”符合语境，介绍这种酶的巨大作用，承接前文，其中These指代前文的enzymes。故选G。
5．答案　C
解析　空处位于段首，应该是段落中心句，和前面两个段落并列，继续介绍蠕虫的大作用。后文“Scientists at the University of California，Santa Barbara have been studying their jaws...as inspiration for the design and manufacture of materials like concrete.”主要介绍通过研究这种下颚，工程师们得到一些建筑方面的灵感。因此C项“And worms are even inspiring the building industry.”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选C。
语境猜词 ①industry-level(合)＝industry＋level adj.工业层面的 ②lifespan(合)＝life＋span n．寿命；使用期，有效期
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·广东深圳一模)
Last year，I started the journey of being a ①remote product designer.The thought of a flexible(灵活的) schedule，a comfortable home office，and the escape from the 1 public transport was incredibly 2 .The first few weeks were filled with a ②long-lost feeling of 3 .
However，the 4 of working from home gradually set in.I had started my day with the best 5 ，promising myself quick breaks and regular stretches(伸展) .But deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings 6 me to my computer throughout the day，leaving me little time to 7 .Gone were the short walks to a co-worker’s desk and the quick lunchtime walks around the office ③complex.Finally，my world was 8 to the walls of my home，my steps 9 in meters only rather than kilometers.
One day，I tried 10 one of my favorite dresses and it wasn’t passing through my waist at all.Looking at myself in the mirror，I saw a 11 person carrying extra weight，rather than someone enjoying freedom.The 12 of work and personal life had left me feeling like I was a never-ending motion machine.
This incident(事件) marked the 13 of a journey of self-discovery.I made up my mind that I needed a(n) 14 not just for my waistline but for my overall well-being.It was a promise to prioritize my physical and mental health，and a promise that I could 15 control over my life and my body.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者从事远程工作所遇到的一些问题以及作者下定决心做出改变，重新掌控自己的生活和身体。
1．A.dramatic B．severe
C．previous D．crowded
答案　D
解析　dramatic急剧的；severe十分严重的；previous以前的；crowded拥挤的。根据空后“public transport”以及上文“Last year，I started the journey of being a remote product designer.”可知，此句阐述作者以为的远程居家办公的益处，此处指居家办公能够避免拥挤的公共交通。故选D。
2．A.appealing B．annoying
C．challenging D．confusing
答案　A
解析　appealing吸引人的；annoying令人恼怒的；challenging有挑战性的；confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“a flexible(灵活的) schedule，a comfortable home office，and the escape from the public transport”和常识可知，居家办公的优势是很吸引人的。故选A。
3．A.direction B．safety
C．freedom D．responsibility
答案　C
解析　direction方向；safety安全；freedom自由；responsibility责任。根据上文“a remote product designer”和“a flexible(灵活的) schedule”可知，作者做远程产品设计师，工作时间很灵活，因此作者会感到很自由。故选C。
4．A.duties B．awards
C．problems D．expectations
答案　C
解析　duty职责；award奖品；problem问题；expectation期望。根据However表转折，再根据下文“deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings me to my computer throughout the day”可知，作者在家里工作的问题出现了。故选C。
5．A.concerns B．reliefs
C．updates D．intentions
答案　D
解析　concern关心；relief缓解；update最新消息；intention意图，打算。根据下文“promising myself quick breaks and regular stretches(伸展)”可知，作者每天开始的时候打算得很好，承诺自己要短暂休息和定期伸展。故选D。
6．A.tied B．inspired
C．guide D．introduced
答案　A
解析　tie绑，束缚，限制；inspire激励；guide指导；introduce介绍。根据上文“deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings”可知，工作规定的限期、没完没了的邮件和虚拟会议使作者一直待在电脑跟前，也就是被限制在电脑前。故选A。
7．A.reply B．relax
C．react D．read
答案　B
解析　reply回复；relax放松；react反应；read读。根据上文“promising myself quick breaks and regular stretches(伸展)”以及“deadlines，endless emails，and virtual meetings _____ me to my computer throughout the day”可知，工作规定的限期、没完没了的邮件和虚拟会议让作者一直在电脑前忙，没有时间实现给自己承诺的短暂休息和定期伸展去放松自己。故选B。
8．A.adapted B．limited
C．related D．admitted
答案　B
解析　adapt适应；limit限制；relate使有联系；admit准许……进入。根据下文“the walls of my home”和上文“working from home”可知，作者在家里工作，所以作者的世界就被限制在家里的墙壁之内。故选B。
9．A.counted B．repeated
C．watched D．followed
答案　A
解析　count计数；repeat重复；watch观看；follow跟随。根据上文“my world was to the walls of my home”和下文“in meters only rather than kilometers”可知，作者只能在家里，所以作者的步数以米来计算。故选A。
10．A.tidying up B．putting aside
C．fitting into D．getting back
答案　C
解析　tidy up(共102张PPT)
Nature in the balance
必修第三册　 Unit 1
内容索引
过基础　知识排查
查重点　夯基固本
提能力　主题写作
过基础　知识排查
Part One
含义
n.& vt.伤害，损害
词汇
harm
过关
必备词汇
延伸
拓展
[派]harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的
harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的
do harm to sb＝do sb harm伤害某人
There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。
be harmful to对……有害
含义
n.土壤；国土，领土 ，土地
词汇
soil
延伸
拓展
[同]abroad
含义
adj.海外的，国外的
adv.在海外，向国外
词汇
overseas
含义
n.地区，区域；行政区
词汇
region
延伸
拓展
[派]regional adj.地区的；区域的
含义
n.大陆，陆地，洲
词汇
continent
含义
num.一百万；许多，大量
词汇
million
含义
n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
词汇
length
延伸
拓展
long adj.长的
[派]lengthen v.(使)变长
at length最后；详细地
in length在长度上
含义
n.(pl.species)种，物种
词汇
species
含义
n.百合(花)
词汇
lily
延伸
拓展
water lily睡莲
含义
n.野生动植物，野生生物
词汇
wildlife
含义
prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
词汇
beneath
含义
n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群
adj.大批的，广泛的
词汇
mass
延伸
拓展
[派]massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的
a mass of/masses of...大量的……
the masses群众；平民百姓
含义
adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的
词汇
towering
延伸
拓展
tower n.塔 v.高于，超过
含义
n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材)
词汇
hardwood
含义
adj.活着的，活的；在使用的
n.生计，谋生；生活方式
词汇
living
延伸
拓展
make/earn a living谋生
含义
n.美洲豹，美洲虎
词汇
jaguar
含义
n.微生物
词汇
microorganism
含义
使分解(为)，使变化(成)；出故障；失败；消除
词汇
break down
含义
n.营养素，营养物
词汇
nutrient
延伸
拓展
[派]nutrition n.营养；滋养
nutritional adj.营养(物)的
nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的
含义
给……带来起色，注入活力
词汇
breathe life into
含义
adv.因此，从而；这样
词汇
thus
延伸
拓展
[同]hence，consequently，therefore
含义
n.农业，农学
词汇
agriculture
延伸
拓展
[派]agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的
含义
n.影响，作用；撞击
vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
词汇
impact
延伸
拓展
have an impact on/upon对……有影响，对……起作用/产生效果
含义
n.灭绝，绝种
词汇
extinction
延伸
拓展
extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的
in danger of extinction处于灭绝的危险中
含义
vt.& n.损坏，破坏，损害，伤害
词汇
damage
延伸
拓展
do/cause damage to...对……造成损害
含义
n.气候；倾向，风气
词汇
climate
含义
逐渐增加，扩大
词汇
build up
含义
adj.全球的；全面的
词汇
global
延伸
拓展
globe n.球体；地球
含义
n.气体；煤气；汽油
词汇
gas
延伸
拓展
[同]petrol
含义
(公开)要求；需要
词汇
call for
含义
n.小册子
词汇
brochure
延伸
拓展
organize vt.组织
[派]organizer n.组织者
organized adj.有组织的；有条理的
含义
n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理
词汇
organization
含义
adv.绝对地，完全地；极其
词汇
absolutely
延伸
拓展
absolute adj.绝对的，完全的
absolutely not绝不
含义
n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带
词汇
belt
延伸
拓展
the green belt绿化带
fasten the seat/safety belts系上安全带
the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议
含义
n.奖章，勋章
词汇
medal
词汇
image
含义
n.形象；图像；意象
含义
n.鲨鱼
词汇
shark
含义
突然记起(或想到)
词汇
spring to mind
含义
n.(pl.deer)鹿
词汇
deer
含义
vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪
n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；径赛；路线
词汇
track
延伸
拓展
track sb/sth down搜寻到；跟踪找到；追查到
keep/lose track of sb/sth了解/不了解……的动态；与……保持/失去联系
track and field田径
含义
adv.无处，哪里都不
词汇
nowhere
含义
n.海豚
词汇
dolphin
含义
n.居民，住户
词汇
resident
含义
n.首领，最高领导人
adj.主要的；首席的
词汇
chief
含义
n.委员会
词汇
committee
含义
adv.完全地，全部地，完整地
词汇
entirely
延伸
拓展
entire adj.完全的；整个的
[同]completely，totally，thoroughly，fully
含义
摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
词汇
get rid of
含义
vi.反对，抗议
vt.反对；申辩
n.抗议，反对
词汇
protest
延伸
拓展
protest against/about/at＝make a protest against...对……提出抗议
without protest顺从地
under protest不服气地；不甘心地；无奈地
含义
n.利润，收益；好处
vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
词汇
profit
延伸
拓展
[派]profitable adj.有利润的；有益的
profitless adj.无益的，无利的
含义
(AmE defense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防守；防御物；国防
词汇
defence
延伸
拓展
defend vt.保护；防御；辩白
[派]defensive adj.防御性的；戒备的
in defence of为了保护……
defend...against/from(doing)...防御……；保护……以免……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
含义
n.过程，进程；步骤，流程
vt.加工，处理
词汇
process
含义
n.政策，方针；原则
词汇
policy
含义
n.(政府或机构)部门；分部 ；树枝；支流；分支
词汇
branch
含义
n.策略；策划
词汇
strategy
含义
vt.回收利用，再利用
词汇
recycle
延伸
拓展
[派]recyclable adj.可回收的
recycling n.回收利用
含义
n.地铁；地下人行道
词汇
subway
含义
adj.昔日的，前任的；从前的
词汇
former
延伸
拓展
the former...the latter...前者……后者……
含义
n.官员，要员
adj.公务的；正式的，官方的
词汇
official
延伸
拓展
[派]officially adv.正式地；官方地
含义
n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
词汇
poverty
延伸
拓展
poor adj.贫穷的；贫乏的；不幸的；差的
含义
vt.污染；毒死，毒害
n.毒物，毒药
词汇
poison
延伸
拓展
[派]poisonous adj.有毒的
含义
使发生(或存在)；引起
词汇
give rise to
含义
adj.更多的，更进一步的
adv.较远，更远；进一步
vt.促进，增进
词汇
further
延伸
拓展
far adj.& adv.远的(地)
[派]farther adj.& adv.更远的(地)
furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的(地)
含义
vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
词汇
disappear
延伸
拓展
appear vi.出现
[派]disappearance n.消失
含义
n.化学制品
adj.化学的；化学作用的
词汇
chemical
延伸
拓展
[派]chemistry n.化学
chemist n.化学家
含义
adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
词汇
economic
延伸
拓展
economy n.经济
[派]economical adj.节约的；经济的
economist n.经济学家
economics n.经济学
1.前缀dis-：dis-表示“不；相反”，它可以与名词、形容词和动词结合使用，构成反义词，如：disadvantage n.缺点；disapproval n.不赞同；disagree v.不同意；dislike vt.不喜欢；discover vt.发现；discouraged adj.泄气的；dishonest adj.不诚实的。dis-还可以表示“分开，分离”，如：distinguish v.辨别，区分；distribute vt.分发。
2.后缀-ist：以-ist结尾的名词通常表示“使用……的人”、“……的信仰者”、“专家”、“从事/研究……的人”，如：pianist n.钢琴家；socialist n.社会主义者；physicist n.物理学家；dentist n.牙医；novelist n.小说家。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)Anyone caught cheating will be automatically disqualified from the examination. (猜加颜色词义)
(2)At the same time，workers were required to discard old habits，for industrialism demanded a worker who was alert，dependable，and self-disciplined.
(3)To a (geology)，glaciers are among the most exciting features on Earth.
(4)It is important that the hotel (reception) has made sure that guests are registered correctly.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
_________________
_______
vt.取消……的资格
vt.丢弃
geologist
receptionist
1.What I can tell you is that I like a variety of nuts，such as brazil nuts.
2.This species has been in danger of extinction because its habitat is being destroyed.
3.They believed that the greater the diversity，the more stable the ecosystem.
4.When a species goes extinct，it dramatically changes the landscape of biodiversity.
阅读词汇
识记
_________
_______
_________
___________
巴西坚果
栖息地
生态系统
生物多样性
5.The whale is not a fish，but a mammal.
6.Insects are one of the foods that frogs like to eat.
7.Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
8.When crossing the grassland，you can see cattle and sheep grazing everywhere.
9.We should lower the use of fuels that release greenhouse gases.
10.If the climate gets drier，then the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur.
11.Pollution control measures are either not strict or nonexistent，leading to choking clouds of smog.
___　 ________
_____　_____
_____　___
___
_____
_____
_____
鲸 　哺乳动物
昆虫　 青蛙
牛
温室
旱灾
氧气　 碳
雾霾
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
探究
重点词汇
variety
1
n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体[vary vi.(根据情况)变化；不同 vt.改变 various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的]
·a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的
·vary from...to...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
　vary in sth在某方面不同
　vary with/by...随……而变化
(1)The students in our class vary height 150 cm to 170 cm.
in
from
(2)Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and (vary) forms of success.
(2024·浙江1月)
(3)各种各样的技术进步改变了我们日常生活的方方面面，从购物到旅行甚至学习。
(2024·天津3月，书面表达)
have transformed every aspect of our daily life，______________________
.
various
Various/A variety of/Varieties of technological advances
varying from shopping to
traveling and even learning
survive
survive on靠……存活
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B多活(……)
vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难；比……活得长(survivor n.幸存者 survival n.幸存；生还)
2
(1)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely _____
discarded food.
(2)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband 5 years.
on
by
(3)It is necessary that we master some basic skills，which will greatly increase our chances of .Luckily，I the terrible car crash last week and I was the only of the accident.(survive)
(4)生活的真谛不在于在暴风雨中挣扎求生，而在于学会在细雨中优雅起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
The true essence of life lies not in but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle.
survival
survived
survivor
struggling to survive the storm
application
apply (to sb) for sth(向某人)申请某物
apply to do sth申请做某事
apply...to...把……应用于/涂抹于……
apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词)
n.应用；运用；申请(apply vi.申请 vt.应用；运用；涂；敷 applicant n.申请人)
(1)All who have applied the position as a teaching assistant should submit a formal form before Wednesday.(apply)(应用文写作之通知)
applicants
for
3
application
(2)He fetched some cream，applied it the wound with care and rushed me to hospital.(读后续写之动作链描写)
(3)我写这封求职信是想向你们申请你们在昨天的报纸上提供的职位。如果被录用，我将致力于我的工作。此外，我会申请在业余时间做一些额外的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)
____________________________________________________________
you offered in yesterday’s newspaper.If chosen，__________________
.Besides，I will in my spare time.
to
I’m writing the letter of application to apply to you for the position
I will apply myself to
my work
apply to do some extra work
consequence
as a consequence(＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result)结果，因此
as a consequence of(＝as a result of)由于
take the consequences (of...)承担(……的)后果
n.后果，结果；重要性(consequent adj.随之发生的 consequently adv.因此；结果)
(1)Human beings damaged the habitats of animals，tracked and killed them.As consequence/ consequence/ (consequence)，the ecosystem was destroyed.
a
4
In
Consequently
(2)The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence，it broke down soon.
→ ，the plan broke down soon.
(3)既然你已经长大了，你就应该承担你的不当行为的后果。
Now that you have grown up，_________________________________
.
As a consequence/result of the lack of support from the government
you should take the consequences of
your improper behavior
in turn
by turns轮流；时而
take turns to do...轮流做……
It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
相应地，转而；轮流，依次
5
用turn短语的正确形式填空
The ten students who represented our club to deliver speeches at the New Year Party.Finally， to deliver a speech.As far as I’m concerned，in the past it was our parents and coaches that helped us in many aspects and ，we should give a helping hand to them from now on.After the party，we made comments on each other’s speech .
took turns
it was my turn
in turn
by turns/in turn
due to
be due to do sth预定/预期做某事
be due to sb应付给/给予某人
be due for sth应有某物；应得到某物
由于，因为
6
(1)The honour is mainly due you.But for your help and professional instruction，we couldn’t have done so brilliantly.
(2)The official is due promotion soon for his great contributions to this region in many aspects.
to
for
(3)It has been claimed that the meeting isn’t due (start) until three.
(4)我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，一定是因为我拥有的健康生活方式。
I think my long and active life __________________________________
.
to start
must be due to the healthy lifestyle I
have
come up with
come across(偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解
come about发生(无被动形式)
come on出场；开始；加油；得了吧
come out出版；结果是；(花)开放
come up走近；上来；被提出
when it comes to...当谈及……
想出，想到；提出
7
用come短语的正确形式填空
(1)Please tell me further how it that the dinosaur disappeared.
came about
(2)My former colleague’s first novel ，which made me proud of him.
(3) English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.Firstly，when you __________________
unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions in class，you should try to ______
answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself
“ ！”(应用文写作之建议信)
came out
When it comes to
come across
come up
come
up with
Come on
1
The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6,400 kilometres in length...(“介词＋which”引导定语从句)
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6 400千米……
Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(完全倒装)
往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
2
悟通
经典句式
3
Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.(省略)
一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人呼吁改变生活方式。
As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.(so＋助动词＋主语)
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
4
5
We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs.(even though引导让步状语从句)
我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(倍数表达法)
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
6
常见的倍数表达法有：
A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B
(1)The population in our region is three times it was 20 years ago.
what
(2)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的新学校是旧学校的三倍大。
The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is ____________________________________________________
the previous one.
three times as large as/three times larger than/three times the
size of
7
While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
while的用法：
·作从属连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句
　首)，表示转折。
·作从属连词，意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
·作并列连词，意为“然而；而”，表示前后分句的对比。
·作名词，常与a连用，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。
(1)After while，she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning.
(2)参观这场展览的时候，我们不仅能欣赏到民间艺术品，而且可以了解它们的制作过程。
，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn about the process of making them.(状语从句的省略)
a
While visiting this exhibition
(3)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱来指引自己。(读后续写之升华句)
，we can guide ourselves with determination and love.
(4)健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都保持精力充沛。
(2024·全国甲)
A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism，__________________
.
While we can’t predict what will happen in the future
while eating small，
healthy meals keeps your energy up all day
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.ecosystem
2.biodiversity
3.overseas
4.mammal
5.nutrient
6.microorganism
7.brochure
8.greenhouse
词汇默写
默写巩固
___________
_____________
_____________________________________
___________
_________________
_________
_________
_____________
n.生态系统
n.生物多样性
adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外
n.哺乳动物
n.营养素，营养物
n.微生物
n.小册子
n.温室，暖房
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. n.地区，区域；行政区
2. n.大陆，陆地，洲
3. n.(pl. )种，物种
4. n.野生动植物，野生生物
5. n.影响，作用；冲撞
vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
6. vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
region
continent
species
wildlife
impact
species
damage
7. n.利润，收益；好处
vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
8. vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪
n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
9. n.奖章，勋章
10. n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署
11. adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
12. n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
profit
track
medal
strategy
former
poverty
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.& vt.伤害，损害
→ adj.有害的
→ adj.无害的
2. n.长，长度
→ adj.长的
→ v.(使)变长
3. n.农业，农学
→ adj.农业的；农艺的
harm
harmful
harmless
length
long
lengthen
agriculture
agricultural
4. adj.全球的；全面的
→ n.球体；地球
5. adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
→ adj.节约的；经济的
→ n.经济
→ n.经济学家
→ n.经济学
global
globe
economic
economical
economy
economist
economics
6. vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药
→ adj.有毒的
7. n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的
→ n.化学
→ n.化学家
8. n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理
→ vt.组织
→ n.组织者
→ adj.有组织的；有条理的
poison
poisonous
chemical
chemistry
chemist
organization
organize
organizer
organized
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 给……带来起色，注入活力
2. 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
3. 使发生(或存在)；引起
4. 在长度上
5. 报名
6. 保护；为……作解释或辩护
breathe life into
get rid of
give rise to
in length
sign up
in defence of
语境运用
默写巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.He was the only of the plane crash，and he described to us the process of .(survive)
2.She had applied a job in this company.Unfortunately，her
(apply) was rejected.
3.There are goods in the supermarket，and the prices vary ____
cents to dollars.The attracts many customers.(vary)
4.Many animals have during the long history of the earth and their affected the balance of ecosystem.(disappear)
survivor
surviving/survival
for
application
various
from
variety
disappeared
disappearance
5.Clone can be used to breed animal species which are endangered or
，which relieves our concern about animals’ .(extinct)
6.In time of war，lots of money will be spent on and many measures will be taken a country from being attacked.(defend)
7.Devoted to teaching， ，he earned his students’ trust，which led to other positive .(consequent)
8.There (be) masses of people in the shops the day before yesterday.
9.A cross-country running race was held with the aim of helping us build
strength.
10.To improve students’ health，we call less homework and more physical exercise.
extinct
extinction
defenc(s)e
to defend
consequently
consequences
were
up
for
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.众所周知，许多野生动物正面临灭绝的危险，它们正在以惊人的速度灭绝。(现在分词位于句首引起全部倒装) Dear fellow students，
We are making an appeal to everyone with the intention of raising our awareness of wildlife protection.
As we know,1.__________________________
，which are dying out at an alarming rate.That is because their habitats are threatened by human activities.
facing the danger of extinction
are varieties of wild animals
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.例如，随着城市的发展，一些人砍伐树木为农场腾出空间，而另一些人污染河流和海洋。(while表对比) For example，with the development of cities，some people cut down trees to make room for farms 2. .
Many of the wild animals now are confronted with food crisis.Besides，we humans are killing off species just for their fur，skin，horns，teeth and meat.
while others pollute rivers and oceans
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.野生动物在保持自然平衡方面发挥着重要作用，它们的丧失将最终影响和伤害我们人类。(定语从句) Wild animals play an important role in keeping the balance of nature,3.______________
.As a consequence，effective measures should be taken，such as prohibiting killing rare species，setting up more nature reserves and so on.
whose loss will
finally impact and do harm to us humans
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
4.只有我们人类立刻行动起来，野生动物才能得到保护。(“only＋状语”位于句首引起部分倒装) 4._______________________________________
.
The Student Council
Only when we human beings take action
返 回
immediately can wild animals be preserved
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
查重点　夯基固本
Part Two
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.In the vast desert belt①，I found a lost traveler，whose worn belt② held his few possessions.At a nearby oasis，workers fitted a machine with a belt③ to carry supplies.
① 　② 　③_________
n.地带
n.腰带
n.传送带
2.The car broke down① on the highway，leaving us anxious.We tried to fix it，but our efforts broke down②.Frustrated，we called for help.As we waited，some jokes helped break down③ the tension，and we laughed about our misfortunes.
① 　② 　③_____
3.I am a track① and field athlete，always practicing running along a rough track② close to my house.One day，I found some tracks③ in the muddy road after a rain and tracked④ them with curiosity，only to see a couple of squirrels living in the nearby woods.
① 　② 　③ 　④_____________
出故障
失败
消除
n.跑道；径赛
n.小道
n.足迹，踪迹
vt.追踪，跟踪
4.The chief① engineer thought that the chief② problem was to figure out what caused the failure and so did the chief③ of the company.
① 　② 　③___________________
adj.首席的
adj.主要的
n.首领，最高领导人
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.The topic he came up at the meeting caused a heated discussion.
2.We should take some specific measures to defend the soil from ________
(wash) away.
3.If he couldn’t draw on this clue to find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of (survive).
4.If you want to make some achievements in literature，you must apply yourself it.
5.Plenty of habitats of wild animals were destroyed.As consequence，most of them disappeared.
with
being
washed
survival/surviving
to
a
6.Excellent performances on the stage call confidence and unique professional skills.
7.The sports meeting，originally due to (hold) last Friday，was finally delayed because of the bad weather.
8.They are twin sisters.Lucy is generous， her elder sister Lily is extremely mean.
9.A wide (vary) of measures should be taken to protect the wild animals，animals close to extinction in particular.
10.We ought to raise our awareness of the danger of pollution and its
(harm) effects on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
for
be held
while
variety
harmful
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
Tom joined an environmental protection 1. (organize) as a volunteer.Soon he was sent to work.After arriving at the continent，he started to study 2. (vary) wildlife in some regions.He learned that 3. (mass) of species had lived there before，but later many disappeared.
organization
various
masses
Two factors led to the results.One was bad climate.4. other was human beings.It was human activities 5. damaged the habitats of some animals.Besides，some farmers 6. (poison) many animals while using chemicals.Some even tracked and killed animals to make a profit.7. defence of the animals close to extinction，Tom determined to do something to prevent them 8. (harm) the animals.He gave out some brochures among the residents.Slowly，they realized what they did was wrong and had a bad impact on animals.In turn，they themselves also suffered a lot.In addition,9. (help) local people get rid of poverty，he came up with some strategies.10. (consequent)，he earned all the residents’ respect.
The
that
poisoned
In
harming
to help
Consequently
Due to his efforts，the living conditions for wildlife in the regions are slowly improving，but it still calls for people’s further efforts to entirely change the current situation.
返 回
提能力　主题写作
Part Three
假定你是李华，你校将以“保护我们的家园——地球”为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。
应用文增分练
人与自然
1.众所周知，众多的人类活动对我们的家园——地球造成了巨大的危害，为此我们人类受了许多苦。(harm，“介词＋which”引导定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
2.由于温室气体排放量的增加，地球的温度变得越来越高，使得温度上升的速度达到了三十年前的三倍。(consequence，倍数＋as...as)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.更糟糕的是，由于气候变化和人类活动，一些动物正处于灭绝的危险中，一些植物也是如此。(extinction，due to，so引起的倒装)
_____________________________________________________________
4.所有这些反过来会对我们人类产生负面影响，如越来越多的自然灾害和罕见的疾病。(in turn，impact)
_____________________________________________________________
5.我们是时候采取各种方法来保护地球免受污染了。(various，It’s high time that...)
_____________________________________________________________
6.即使个人的力量是有限的，你也可以为重建我们的绿色和洁净的地球贡献自己的一份力量。(even though引导让步状语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to our home—the earth，for which we humans have suffered a lot.
As a consequence of the increasing emission of greenhouse gases，the temperature of the earth is becoming higher and higher，causing the temperature to rise three times as fast as what it did 30 years ago.To make matters worse/What’s worse，some animals are in danger of extinction due to climate change as well as human activities，so are some plants.All of these in turn will have a negative impact on us human beings，such as an increasing number of natural disasters and rare diseases.
应用文增分练
参考范文
It’s high time that we took/should take various methods to protect the earth from pollution.All in all，even though the power of the individual is limited，you can also do your part to rebuild our green and clean earth.
亮词 [动作描写]　defence (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白　survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难　come up with想出，想到　call for(公开)要求；需要　spring to mind突然记起(或想到)
[环境描写]　hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材)　jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎　track n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线　consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(环境描写)
2.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.(环境描写)
3.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.(环境描写)
4.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey；it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.(环境描写)
美句 5.It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better，cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.(排比)
情感细节描写：同情与怜悯
单词 1.sympathy n.同情→sympathetic adj.同情的
2.pity n.同情，怜悯；仁慈 v.同情→pitiful adj.可怜的；令人同情的
3.mercy n.仁慈，宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的，宽恕的→mercifully adv.幸运地；宽大地；仁慈地
4.supportive adj.支持的；同情的
5.helpful adj.愿意帮助的；有帮助的
6.gentle adj.温和的；轻柔的→gently adv.温柔地；轻轻地
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
单词 7.sweet adj.温柔的，善良的
8.warm-hearted adj.热心的，富有同情心的，慈爱的
9.compassion n.同情；怜悯→compassionate adj.有同情心的；表示怜悯的
词块 1.have mercy on sb怜悯某人
2.feel pity/mercy/sorry for同情
3.express sympathy表示同情
4.out of sympathy/pity出于同情
5.a surge of mercy sweeps over sb怜悯之情涌上某人心头
6.a wave of sympathy wells up in one’s heart某人心中涌起了一股同情之情
7.lend a helping hand伸出援助之手，助一臂之力
词块 8.look at the tiny creature with a sweet smile带着温柔的微笑看着这个小家伙
9.pat the little boy gently轻轻地拍了拍小男孩
10.be torn by sorrow and compassion承受悲伤和同情的折磨
11.his heart aches for the injured dog他为受伤的狗而心痛
12.a random act of kindness不经意的善举
句型 1.His painful eyes seem to beg me for my sympathy，evoking a surge of compassion within me.
他那双痛苦的眼睛似乎在乞求我的同情，唤起了我内心的一阵怜悯。
2.Seeing her condition，I immediately felt a huge sympathy for her，which was coming deep from within my heart.看到她的情况，我立刻对她产生了极大的同情，这种同情从我的内心深处涌来。
3.Approaching the poor boy，she gathered him into her arms with sympathy.
她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。
句型 4.At the sight of the scene，he felt a wave of sympathy welled up in his heart，his heart aching for the injured dog.看到这一幕，他心中涌起了一股同情之情，他为受伤的狗而心痛。
5.Franklin stood silently，torn by sorrow and compassion，weighing what to say.
富兰克林默默地站着，承受着悲伤和同情的折磨，考虑着该说些什么。
6.It dawned on me that a random act of kindness can make such a great difference.
我突然意识到，一个不经意的善举就可以产生如此大的影响。
动物保护
(2023·浙江1月，读后续写改编)I was invited to an old friend’s farm.When I walked past a milking house，a hummingbird(蜂鸟)
① (现在分词短语作定语) caught my attention.She looked at me into my eyes and her painful eyes seemed to ② .
我被邀请去一个老朋友的农场。当我走过一个挤奶房时，一只拼命想从蜘蛛网中逃脱的蜂鸟引起了我的注意。她看着我的眼睛，她那双痛苦的眼睛似乎在求我帮忙。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
desperately trying to escape from spider-webs
beg me for my help
Seeing her condition，I immediately felt ③_________________________
(无灵主语).I gently helped her get out of the webs，④______
(现在分词短语作状语).
看到她的情况，我立刻感到一阵怜悯之情涌上心头。我轻轻地帮助她从网里面逃出来，把她放在我的手中。
a wave of sympathy welled up
in my heart
putting
her into my hand
When I opened my hand，the bird made no attempt to fly away，but just sat in my hand looking at me with her bright eyes.I ⑤____________
.Gradually，she regained her strength and ⑥____
.
当我张开手时，那只鸟并没有试图飞走，只是坐在我的手里，用她那明亮的眼睛看着我。我同情地轻轻拍了拍她。渐渐地，她恢复了体力，飞到我的面前。
patted her
gently with sympathy
flew
in front of me
This tiny creature looked into my eyes and turned her head from side to side for a long time，⑦ (状语从句的省略).Just at the moment，⑧ a random act of kindness can make a great difference.
很长一段时间，这个小家伙看着我的眼睛，把头转来转去，好像在向我表达她的感激。就在那一刻，我突然意识到，一个不经意的善举就可以产生很大的影响。
返 回
as if expressing her gratitude to me
it dawned on me that

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