资源简介

词汇 含义 延伸拓展
county n.郡，县
injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 [派]injury n．伤害 injured adj.受伤的 do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb伤害某人 the injured伤员
disaster n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败 [同]catastrophe [派]disastrous adj.灾难性的
at large 整个，全部
reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 react vi.反应 react to...对……作出反应
crash n.碰撞声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 crash into撞上；闯入
signal vi.& vt.发信号；标志 n.信号；标志；信号灯 signal (to) sb to do sth示意某人做某事 signal sb that...示意某人…… a traffic signal交通信号
exit vt.& vi.出去；退出 n.出口，通道；离开 [反]entrance n．入口；进入
orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 order n．命令；顺序 v．命令；整理
roll n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚；翻身；卷起 roll call点名
confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 [派]confirmation n．证实；确认书；证明书 confirm sb in sth使某人确信某事 It has been confirmed that...已确认/证实……
safe and sound 安然无恙的
procedure n.程序，步骤，手续
odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静
pole n.柱，杆；极 [派]polar adj.极地的；完全相反的
conference n.会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
power n.能力；能量；力量；控制力；权力；政权；电力 [派]powerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的；强大的 powerless adj.无影响力的；无权的；无能为力 in power当权 come to/into power开始掌权；上台 in/beyond one’s power在某人的能力范围内/超出某人的能力
supply n.补给，补给品；供应；储备 vt.供应，供给 supply sb/sth with sth＝supply sth to sb/sth向某人/某物供应某物
donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血) [派]donation n．捐赠；赠送；捐赠物 donate sth to...＝make a donation of sth to...向……捐赠某物
charity n.慈善机构(或组织)；慈善；仁爱
staff n.管理人员；全体职工 vt.任职于，在……工作
slide n.幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入 slide into...溜进……
fund n.资金；基金
flood n.洪水，水灾；大量 vt.& vi.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 flood into...大量涌入…… a sense of relief floods over sb某人深感宽慰
downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下 n.楼下 [反]upstairs adv.在楼上，往楼上 n．楼上
document n.文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
honey n.(爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜
otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外
erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 [派]eruption n．爆发
bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止
import n.进口产品；输入 vt.进口，引进 port n．港口，避风港；港口城市 [反]export n．出口产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出
cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
dawn n.黎明；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 at dawn在黎明时刻 It dawned on sb that...某人突然意识到……
take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
break out 突然开始，爆发
beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法
far and wide 到处，各处
pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
column n.柱；栏；专栏；柱状物；列
rescue n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救 come to sb’s rescue来救某人 rescue sb from...从……中营救/援救某人
sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 [派]sharply adv.急剧地；鲜明地 sharpen vi.& vt.(使)变得锋利
locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) [派]location n．地点；位置 be located on/at/in...位于……
retire vi.& vt.退休，退职 [派]retirement n．退休
unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 earth n．地球；陆地；土
unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 bear vt.忍受 [派]bearable adj.可以忍受的
destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的 destroy vt.破坏 [派]destruction n．破坏
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀un-：表示否定、相反、分离或逆转，可以用于构成形容词、动词、名词和副词。unearth/unbearable就是由earth/bearable加否定前缀un-构成的。类似的还有：unhappy adj.不快乐的；unclear adj.不清楚的；unlock v．开锁；undress v．脱衣服；unemployment n．失业；unfortunately adv.不幸地。
2．后缀-ive：表示“有……倾向(的)，有……特征(的)”；含有此后缀的词多是形容词，如：effective adj.有效的；attractive adj.有吸引力的；persuasive adj.有说服力的。部分既可作形容词又可作名词，如：native n．本地人 adj.本国的，本地的；detective n．侦探 adj.刑侦的。少数仅作名词，如：adjective n．形容词；incentive n．激励。
(1)What children need most is unconditional support and love.adj.无条件的
(2)When Ted was six we decided that he needed to know how to fasten and unfasten his seat belt.vt.解开
(3)He has carried out extensive(extend) research into renewable energy sources.
(4)It would provide hundreds of millions of dollars for research into alternative(alternate) energy sources.
1．To build up my body，I often do stair climbing from the first floor to the top one with my friends.楼梯
2．The lucky boy survived the earthquake and the moment he saw his parents，he hugged them tightly.拥抱
3．A powerful offshore quake could cause a large tsunami that would reach the shore within minutes.海啸
4．I still remember my cousin once blew a big bubble and then it broke，covering her face with gum! 泡
5．The coastal cities are often struck by typhoons，which had a bad impact on people’s daily life.台风
6．A hurricane accompanied by heavy rains and winds has done much damage to the village.飓风
7．The journey and the destination are equally important in our reading.目的地
8．After an hour，the house fell apart and collapsed，looking like a dark，ashy ruin.灰色的
9．The volcano erupted last year killing about 600 people.火山
10．This pine tree looks tall and strong but actually its trunk is hollow.树干
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1．occur vi.(occurred；occurred；occurring)发生，出现；存在于(occurrence n．出现；发生；事件)
occur to被想到，浮现在脑中 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that...某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb to do sth.某人突然想到要做某事。
(1)A perfect idea occurred to us that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
(2)It seldom occurred to them to wander(wander) a bit，to take a moment to see what was around them.
(3)Gunter突然想到他可以抄近路在约定的时间把我送到目的地，我松了口气。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
It occurred to/struck/hit Gunter that he could take a shortcut to transport me to the destination at the appointed time and I sighed in relief.
2．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济(relieve vt.减轻；缓和)
·in/with relief欣慰地；如释重负地 to one’s relief(＝to the relief of sb)让某人宽慰的是 ·relieve sb of...将某人从……中解脱出来；帮助某人减轻(负担)
(1)He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief(relieve)．(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
(2)At the conference，it has been decided that a secretary will be hired to relieve the manager of some of the administrative work.
(3)令我宽慰的是，我在最后一刻赶到了汽车站，赶上了开往布拉格的末班车。(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
To my relief，I made it to the bus station at the last minute in time for the last bus to Prague.
(4)得知走丢的孩子们安然无恙地回到了家，所有在场的人都松了口气。
Learning the missing children returned home safe and sound，all people present breathed a sigh of relief/sighed with/in relief.
3．inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉(informed adj.有见识的；了解情况的 informative adj.提供有用信息的，增长见闻的 information n．信息；消息)
·inform sb of/about sth通知某人某事 inform sb that...通知某人…… ·keep sb informed of/about...通知某人关于……；使某人知道……
(1)It’s necessary for us to keep the new staff informed(inform) of the procedure of taking office.
(2)This informative(inform) walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
(3)您能否提前告知我您的计划以便我作出相应的安排？(应用文写作之邀请信)
Would you please inform me of/about/keep me informed of/about your plan in advance so I can make arrangements accordingly
(4)我想告诉你，我的展品可以激励大家珍惜我们日常生活中简单的东西。
(2023·上海6月，书面表达)
I would like to inform you that my exhibit can inspire/encourage/stimulate all to cherish simple things in our daily life.
4．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊(shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的)
·in shock震惊地 be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆 ·be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do...因做……而震惊
(1)The news that he died in the rescue work is so shocking(shock) that everyone is very shocked at/by it.
(2)Tom was shocked to know(know) that the dam had been destroyed in the flood.
(3)Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
(4)看到厨房一片狼藉，父亲惊呆了。
Seeing the great mess in the kitchen，the father was numb with shock.
5．scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓(scared adj.恐惧的；惊恐的；害怕的 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的)
·scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 scare...away/off把……吓跑 ·be scared to death吓得要死 be scared to do sth/of doing sth害怕做某事
(1)At the sight of the scary scene，the young girl was too scared to move.(scare)
(2)The robber scared her into handing over her money and gold ring.
(3)Seeing the volcanic eruption in the distance，I had to admit I was scared(scare) to death.
(4)北极熊越靠近，我们就越害怕。我们试着用辣椒喷雾把它吓跑。
The nearer the polar bear was，the more scared we got.We tried to use the pepper spray to scare it away/off.
6．curious adj.好奇的；奇特的(curiosity n．好奇，好奇心 curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地)
·be curious about对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth极想做某事 ·out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
(1)Out of curiosity(curious)，we crept into the dark cave，where a snake scared us away.(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
(2)得知你很好奇“活雷锋”是什么，我写信告诉你一些关于它的事情。(2023·天津3月，书面表达)
Learning that you are curious about what “a living Lei Feng” is，I am writing to inform you about/of it.
(3)听到奇怪的声音，人们都围了过来，极想知道正在发生什么。我也停了下来，好奇地使劲向前看。
Hearing the strange noise，people gathered around，curious to know what was happening.I also stopped，looking forward hard curiously/with curiosity.
7．distance n．距离；遥远；疏远；差异(distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的)
from a distance of 从远处；从……远的距离 in the distance在远处 at a distance of 距离稍远；离一段 ……远的 距离 keep sb at a distance＝keep one’s distance from sb 对某人冷淡，与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离 within walking distance of 从…… 走着就能到
(1)We saw a squirrel at a distance of five metres，but the squirrel ran away and disappeared in the distance immediately it found us approaching.
(2)当她小心翼翼地沿小溪走着时，一个熟悉的身影从远处向她走了过来。(读后续写之场景描写)
As she picked her way carefully along the stream，a familiar figure came up to her from a distance.
(3)与她和睦相处确实很难，因为她总是对每个人都很冷淡。
It’s really difficult to get along well with her because she always keeps everyone at a distance/keeps her distance from everyone.
(4)我们将于下周六在一个距我们学校两千米远的农场进行水果采摘活动。
We’ll hold a fruit-picking activity next Saturday on a farm which is at a distance of two kilometres from our school.
(5)你也可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店走着就能到。(应用文写作之建议信)
You can also visit the city museum，which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay.
8．run out of用完，耗尽(主语为人)
run out用完；耗尽 主语为物，无被动语态 run across偶然遇见 run after追赶；追求 run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到 困难等 run for竞选；匆匆去取
用run短语的正确形式填空
I was jogging on the street when I ran across/into my cousin，who was running for president of the Student Association.He informed me that he had been running after this dream in the past two months，so he felt as if his energy were running out.Afraid that he would run out of all his energy，I invited him to sit by the roadside，patiently informing him of some do’s and don’ts.
1．At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.(in case引导目的状语从句)
与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏而打不开。
2．The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.(the moment引导时间状语从句，动词不定式作定语)
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
3．On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。
4．Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio，while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.(while 连接并列分句，表对比)
爸爸在听广播里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。
5．Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！(情态动词＋have done)
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！
6．Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.(as if 引导方式状语从句)
它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案一点都没有褪色。
·as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，在此处引导状语从句，也可引导表语从句；引导的状语从句常用省略形式，as if/though后面可直接跟不定式、分词、名词、形容词、介词短语等。 ·as if引导的从句中的语气和时态： (1)陈述语气(真实或极有可能发生) (2)虚拟语气
(1)She described the destructive typhoon to us so vividly as if she had experienced(experience) herself.
(2)When his mother kisses him on the cheek，it seems as if the baby were(be) on top of the world.(读后续写之心情描写)
(3)我们讨论了一会儿我的意见，我发觉他正在怀疑地看着我，好像在说这是多么愚蠢。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
We discussed my opinion for a while，and I felt he was eyeing me doubtfully as if to say how stupid it was.
(4)听到家乡发生水灾的消息，玛丽吓得僵住了，好像在地上扎根一样。(读后续写之情感描写)
Hearing the news that her hometown was hit by the flood，Mary froze with shock，as if rooted to the ground.
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共8分)
1．county n．郡，县
2．tsunami n．海啸
3．bubble n．泡沫，泡，气泡
4．unearth vt.使出土，挖掘；发现，找到
5．dawn n．黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚
6．cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
7．ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的
8．pole n．柱，杆；极
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共12分)
1．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于
2．crash n．碰撞声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞；崩溃
3．signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n．信号；标志；信号灯
4．charity n．慈善机构(或组织)；慈善；仁爱
5．hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
6．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
7．supply n．补给；供应；储备 vt.供应，提供
8．flood n．洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没；大量涌入；充满
9．otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外
10．destination n．目的地，终点
11．rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救
12．locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共21分)
1．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.减轻；缓和
2．scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的
3．power n．电力；权力；能力；能量；力量→powerful adj.强有力的；强大的→powerless adj.无力的；无能为力
4．destructive adj.破坏(或毁灭)性的→destroy vt.破坏→destruction n．破坏
5．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．爆发
6．unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可以忍受的→bear vt.忍受
7．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地；鲜明地→sharpen vi.& vt.(使)变得锋利
8．retire vi.& vt.退休，退职→retirement n．退休
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共6分)
1．at large整个，全部
2．occur to被想到，浮现在脑中
3．far and wide到处，各处
4．hold on to抓紧，不放开
5．in detail详细地
6．above all最重要的是
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共19分)
1．Our boss is eager for more information，so we must keep him informed of what’s happening here.(inform)
2．He was shocked at the shocking news，for I could see the shocked look on his face.(shock)
3．I didn’t imagine he should have reacted so strongly when he was exposed to stress，and his reaction annoyed most of us.(react)
4．Tom was seriously injured in the traffic accident yesterday，so he can’t go on with his work until he recovers from the injury.(injure)
5．It is normal for children to be curious about everything.They will ask many questions curiously and we should answer them patiently to meet their curiosity.(curious)
6．Though there is a long distance between Tom’s home and his grandparents’，they don’t feel distant.(distance)
7．The businessman donated a lot of money to the school.As a result of the donation(donate)，many students returned to school.
8．A fire broke out last night，causing great damage to the library with a history of about 100 years.
9．I had run out of all my patience and I began to explode with anger.
10．This kind of flower is called sunflower，because it takes the form of the sun when it blossoms.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共14分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.我突然想到上次你告诉我，你想了解更多的中国传统文化。(occur，it作形式主语) 2.所以，我写信告知你在我们学校将有一场中国剪纸展并邀请你参观。(inform，宾语从句) 3.你会被著名艺术家创作的剪纸作品所震撼。(shock，分词短语作定语) 4.活动期间，我将带你参观我们的学校，对你来说这是一个很好的机会，让你玩得开心并更加了解中国的传统文化。(不定式作定语) 5.参观完展览后，你可能会感觉自己好像就是一个熟悉中国剪纸的中国人。(as if从句的虚拟) 1.It occurred to me that last time you told me you wanted to know more about traditional Chinese culture.Therefore，I’m writing 2.to inform you that there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition in our school and invite you to visit it. The exhibition is scheduled to start on June 20 and last for a week in our school lecture hall，where you can enjoy a collection of works.You will 3.be shocked at the paper-cutting works created by famous artists.After that，you can experience paper-cutting in person.During the activity，I will show you around our school and 4.this is a good chance for you to enjoy yourself and learn more about traditional Chinese culture.After visiting the exhibition，you may feel 5.as if you were a Chinese who is familiar with Chinese paper-cutting. If you’re curious to learn more detailed information about the exhibition，please contact me.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．After the continuous heavy rain，a flood① struck the entire village.As soon as the news spread，a flood② of aid supplies quickly arrived.These supplies flooded③ into the flood-stricken area like a tidal wave，bringing hope to the local residents.At the same time，feelings of gratitude flooded④ the villagers’ hearts.
①n.洪水，水灾　②n.大量　③vi.大量涌入
④ vt.充满
2．Mary met her friends at the cozy bar① downtown，enjoying a cool drink and chatting over a delicious bar② of chocolate.
①n.酒吧　②n.块
3．The teacher presented us with a slide①，in which a thief slid② on a banana skin and fell down.
①n.幻灯片　②vi.滑行
4．The odd① man wearing his odd② shoes earns his living by doing odd③ jobs.
①adj.奇怪的　②adj.不成对的　③adj.偶尔的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It was confirmed that a large amount of money raised by our organization had been donated to the local school.
2．We were going to take some photographs with the cattle，but they were scared(scare) away.
3．The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the process of the important project.
4．A good idea occurred to me that I might join a related organization as a volunteer in defence of the wildlife.
5．I’m curious to know(know) how to help the people in this region get rid of poverty.
6．His political activity made him a powerful(power) figure in the committee.
7．To his relief，he has entirely recovered and can take part in the sports meeting to be held next month.
8．We are shocked(shock) that there are still some people damaging the animals’ habitats or even tracking and killing them.
9．My first reaction(react) to the news was a strange mixture of joy and anger.
10．The couple knew their son’s application was rejected，but they behaved as if nothing had happened(happen)．
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
A county 1.located(locate) at the foot of a high mountain has beautiful scenery.So it is the destination of many visitors every year.Unfortunately，one day an earthquake broke out there,2.which was one of the most destructive natural disasters.It was natural that a person couldn’t keep his head when a terrible disaster 3.occurred(occur)，not to mention the children.Some cried，scared and even became numb.Others hugged each other tightly.4.Luckily(lucky)，only a small number of people were badly 5.injured(injure)，and some suffered slight injuries.Everywhere people looked，there was nothing 6.but ruins.They were 7.in shock.Soon after the quake，the rescue team arrived.After 8.confirming(confirm) that most people were safe and sound，the leader smiled with 9.relief(relieve)．Some charities from far and wide immediately supplied the county with food，tents and funds；many individuals also began to donate some food and clothes to the victims the moment they 10.were informed(inform) of the news.
假如你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括： 1.表达安慰； 2.救援队已到达并进行援助； 3.表达对其重建家园的信心。
完成句子
1．我是学生会主席李华。得知一场可怕的地震在你们的家乡意外地发生并造成数千人死亡，我感到非常遗憾。(break out，leave＋宾语＋宾补)
2．我很想借此机会向那些在地震中受了很多苦的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(curious，定语从句)
3．得知地震一爆发救援队就赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我感到宽慰。(the moment引导时间状语从句，relieve)
4．不顾自己的安危，他们立即前往营救被困在废墟中的人们，以防他们再次受伤，这值得我们的尊重和钦佩。(rescue，in case引导目的状语从句)
5．此外，如果没有政府和全国人民的帮助，被困人员的生存机会可能会大大减少。(不定式作后置定语，情态动词＋have done)
6．虽然你们深受地震的影响，但我坚信一切都会好起来的，灾区很快就会有序复苏。(orderly，宾语从句)
组句成篇　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear friends，
I’m Li Hua，chairman of the Students’ Council.I’m deeply sorry to hear the news that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown and left thousands dead.
I’m curious to take this opportunity to send my deepest sympathy and concern to the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake.Learning that the moment the earthquake broke out，the rescue teams rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，I feel relieved.Regardless of their own safety，they immediately went to rescue people trapped in ruins in case they were re-injured，which deserves our respect and admiration.What’s more，had it not been for the aid of the government and people across the country，the chances to survive for the trapped might have reduced greatly.
Though you are deeply affected by the earthquake，I’m fully convinced that everything will be fine，and that the stricken area will recover in an orderly way soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的　relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济　shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤　scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓　curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
[动作描写]　crash vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃　confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准　signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意　exit vt.& vi.出去，离去；退出　occur to被想到，浮现在脑中　keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静　inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
美句 1.Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks.(动作描写) 2.There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.(环境描写) 3.She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.(动作描写) 4.People were walking，running or simply sitting on the sandy beach，enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.(动作描写)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：恐惧与绝望
单词 1.shout v．大声喊叫　2.scream v．惊声尖叫　3.yell v．大喊；吼叫 n．大喊，吼叫 4.hopeless adj.绝望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地 5.threat n．威胁；恐吓→threaten v．威胁；恐吓　6.horror n．恐惧；强烈畏惧 7.despair n．绝望　8.desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n．绝望
词块 1.in despair/desperation绝望地 2.send sb into the depths of despair使某人陷入深深的绝望 3.give up all hope绝望；不再抱希望 4.sb be thrown into a world of darkness某人被扔进黑暗的世界 5.sb sink/fall into hopelessness/despair某人陷入绝望 6.abandon oneself to despair 某人陷入绝望 7.weep bitter tears of despair/desperation绝望得痛哭流涕 8.throw sb in low spirits使某人陷入情绪低迷状态 9.be seized with overwhelming despair极度绝望 10.lift/glue one’s eyes to sb with disappointment失望地抬眼望着某人/盯着某人
句型 1.In such circumstances，tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face. 在这种情况下，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。 2.I felt more frightened and sensed death was waiting for me.我感到更加害怕，感觉死亡在等着我。 3.As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually. 随着时间的推移，我能活下去的信念逐渐消退。 4.Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。 5.A sense of despair swallowed/took hold of him completely.他完全被绝望吞没了。 6.His heart was torn with despair.他绝望到心都要碎了。 7.As a result of an accident，Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness. 由于一场事故，托尼突然被扔进黑暗的世界，陷入绝望。
语料运用　自然灾害
Never ①have I experienced such a hopeless moment in my life.I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Stuck in the heavy rain，I struggled to make my way but in vain，②tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face(独立主格)．What’s worse，my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more frightened and sensed ③death was waiting for me(拟人)．④Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness(分词短语作状语)，I yelled at the top of my lungs but no one could hear.I was about to give up ⑤when my husband Joe came to my rescue.He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car.After confirming the safety，we ⑥inched forward in the muddy water and eventually made it home safe and sound.⑦Only then did I get rid of my horror(倒装句)．Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting me on the back，comforting me gently.
我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在大雨中，挣扎着前进，但没有成功，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水从我的脸上流下来。更糟糕的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕，感觉死亡在等着我。我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有人能听到。我正打算放弃，这时我丈夫乔来救我了。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在泥水中慢慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时，我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，温柔地安慰我。
单元主题组合练(1)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·河南开封模拟预测)
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be ①attainable，thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin created an AI model that，during a test run in China，correctly forecasted approximately 70 percent of earthquakes with a one-week warning and offered reliable assessments of their potential intensity.
The researchers attribute their technique’s effectiveness to its reliance on a straightforward machine learning ②framework.The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics，and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings.Once trained，the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’s low-frequency rumbles(持续而低沉的声音)．
The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic(地震的) events.According to Alexandros Savvaidis，a senior researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network，“Seismic ③occurrences strike without warning，often in the blink of an eye.Your readiness is all you can influence.Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes，reducing both the financial burden and loss of life，and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”
Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain，the researchers believe that their AI model has the potential to enhance prediction accuracy when carried out in regions equipped with dependable seismic monitoring facilities.Their next step is to test the AI in Texas，where the University of Texas’s TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records，making it an ideal location for these purposes.
Ultimately，the authors aim to combine the system with physics-based models.This approach could be particularly valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data.“That may be a long way off，but many advances such as this one，taken together，are what moves science forward，” concludes Scott Tinker，the bureau’s director.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可以给出准确的地震预测，介绍了其工作原理以及意义。
1．How does the AI predict seismic events
A．It identifies data from the satellites.
B．It analyzes background sounds in the Earth.
C．It models data based on earthquake recordings.
D．It monitors changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once trained，the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’s low-frequency rumbles(持续而低沉的声音)．”可知，人工智能分析地球内部的背景声音来预测地震事件。故选B。
2．What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph 3
A．The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes.
B．The importance of preparing for earthquakes.
C．The significance of developing the AI prediction.
D．The restrictions of AI-based methods in earthquake prediction.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement...reducing both the financial burden and loss of life，and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”可知，亚历山德罗斯·萨瓦伊迪斯想说明发展人工智能预测的意义。故选C。
3．What does the subsequent research focus on
A．Conducting tests in different locations.
B．Applying the AI approach to other fields.
C．Building more earthquake stations in Texas.
D．Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Their next step is to test the AI in Texas”可知，接下来的研究重点是在不同地点对这款AI模型进行测试。故选A。
4．Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology
A．Stable but outdated.
B．Effective but costly.
C．Potential and economical.
D．Pioneering and promising.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Advances in artificial intelligence...casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.”以及最后一段中的“This approach could be particularly valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data.”可推知，地震预测技术具有开创性，前景广阔。故选D。
语境猜词 ①attainable(派)＝attain＋able adj.可达到的，可获得的 ②framework(合)＝frame＋work n．框架，体系 ③occurrence(派)＝occur＋rence n．发生的事，事件；发生，出现
B
(2024·湖南永州一模)
The ①blanket of pollution resulting from carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels is already warming the planet and causing more extreme weather disasters.One way to keep climate change from getting worse is to take some of those historic emissions out of the atmosphere.More than 200 scientists have signed onto a letter pushing for “responsible” research into ways to trap planet-heating carbon dioxide in the world’s oceans.
Oceans already do that for us，absorbing and holding around 50 times more carbon than the atmosphere.What if humans could ②supercharge that ability That’s what scientists want to better understand，along with any side effects that might come with messing with the chemistry of our oceans.Startups are already developing new technologies to sequester(隔绝) more CO2 in the sea.But there’s still a lot we don’t know about what impact that might have or what strategies might be most successful，the letter says.
These are all pretty early efforts，and hacking the high seas is no replacement for preventing greenhouse gas emissions from accumulating in the atmosphere by getting rid of fossil fuels.Some environmental advocates are also worried about new CO2-filtering technologies harming marine life.
The letter today calls for controlled field trials to evaluate carbon removal strategies，along with a third-party review of the results.There also need to be safety measures in place to address any “unintended or harmful consequences” and inclusive policies to engage different stakeholders(利益相关者)．Some big names in climate and environmental sciences have signed on.
“I have seen these massive declines in ocean health...Doing nothing is unethical(不道德的) essentially，” says Débora，Ecology，Evolution，and Marine Biology department chair at the University of California，Santa Barbara，who signed the letter released today.When it comes to studying new ways to use oceans to tackle climate change，she says，“ We need to at least figure out the risks and the benefits，see whether we can help resolve the problem we have created.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了全球气候变暖和极端天气灾害的原因，提出了通过将二氧化碳封存到海洋中来减缓气候变化的想法。然而，这种做法还存在许多未知的风险和可能对海洋生物造成伤害的问题。因此，作者呼吁进行受控的实地试验，评估二氧化碳封存策略的效果，并采取安全措施来防止任何意外或有害的后果。同时，也需要制定包容性政策来吸引各利益相关者的参与。
5．What is the letter aimed at
A．Preventing carbon dioxide emissions.
B．Advocating a fossil-fuel-free lifestyle.
C．Promoting the heating of carbon dioxide.
D．Pushing for carbon removal technologies.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“More than 200 scientists have signed onto a letter pushing for ‘responsible’ research into ways to trap planet-heating carbon dioxide in the world’s oceans.”可知，200多名科学家签署一份公开信的目的是敦促进行“负责任”的研究，寻找在全球海洋中捕获导致地球升温的二氧化碳的方法，即推动去除二氧化碳技术。故选D。
6．What can be inferred from the previous efforts
A．The most effective way to trap CO2 has been found.
B．Hacking the high seas can replace getting rid of fossil fuels.
C．The technology has caused severe side effects messing the oceans.
D．New technologies for trapping CO2 in the sea are already available.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Startups are already developing new technologies to sequester(隔绝) more CO2 in the sea.”可知，对于在全球海洋中捕获导致地球升温的二氧化碳的方法，一些初创公司已经研发了该技术，即前期努力的结果是在海洋中捕获二氧化碳的新技术已经出现。故选D。
7．What does the letter demand according to paragraph 4
A．Make polices for target groups.
B．Prepare safety measures in advance.
C．Review the results from three aspects.
D．Evaluate side effects with uncontrolled trials.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“There also need to be safety measures in place to address any ‘unintended or harmful consequences’ and inclusive policies to engage different stakeholders(利益相关者)．”可知，科学家们签署的公开信件要求在实施的过程中安全措施要到位，以解决任何“意外或有害的后果”，即提前准备好安全措施。故选B。
8．What is Débora’s attitude toward the studies of new ways
A．Unclear. B．Approving.
C．Dismissive. D．Doubtful.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘I have seen these massive declines in ocean health...Doing nothing is unethical(不道德的) essentially，’ says Débora，Ecology，Evolution，and Marine Biology department chair at the University of California，Santa Barbara，who signed the letter released today.”可知，Débora同样也签署了这封信件，由此可知，她对该信件中提出的寻找在全球海洋中捕获导致地球升温的二氧化碳的方法是表示支持的。故选B。
语境猜词 ①blanket(熟义：n.毯子，毛毯) 生义(文义)：n.厚层，厚的覆盖层 ②supercharge(合)＝super＋charge v．对……增压
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
For outdoor enthusiasts，it is crucial to be prepared for any sort of natural disaster in the open air. 1 It includes what kinds of disasters may strike，and what resources should be taken on your trip.
2 Desert areas are more likely to be affected by droughts; coastal regions are more likely to see hurricanes; mountainous areas are likely to see avalanches(雪崩) in winter and landslides in summer.Therefore，always do some research ahead of time to help you find right survival strategies in different conditions.
While you’re planning，the essential thing to consider is the things you should pack for your trip.Any disaster that may separate you from civilization for a period of time will require you to provide your own food，water，and shelter for at least a few days. 3 For disasters that may ①wet your equipment，flameless light sources are a must.What you bring with you should be suited to the disaster you might encounter.
Once you complete your survival plan，it’s better to review it ②periodically.When a natural disaster strikes，you probably won’t have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice. 4
If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the ③wilderness，you should put your survival plan into effect immediately. 5 Then contact others for help.Do not wait around to see if the disaster is really that serious，do not panic，and do not easily abandon your plan.
A．But this is not always the case.
B．It’s also a good idea to bring light sources.
C．That means having a disaster response plan.
D．It’s also great to consult with the specialists in person.
E．Consequently，revising it frequently is strongly recommended.
F．Different kinds of disasters are likely to occur in different areas.
G．Stay calm，act decisively，and begin working to keep yourself alive.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章就户外爱好者如何制定应对自然灾害的计划提出一些建议。
1．答案　C
解析　根据上文“For outdoor enthusiasts，it is crucial to be prepared for any sort of natural disaster in the open air.”可知，户外爱好者应做好应对自然灾害的准备，C项承接上文，指出要制定灾害应对计划，下文“It includes what kinds of disasters may strike，and what resources should be taken on your trip.”则是计划的具体内容。C项中的“a disaster response plan”和下文中的“It”对应。故选C。
2．答案　F
解析　根据下文“Desert areas are more likely to be affected by...avalanches(雪崩) in winter and landslides in summer.”可知，不同地区可能发生不同的灾害，F项符合语境，引起下文。故选F。
3．答案　B
解析　根据上文“Any disaster that...food，water，and shelter for at least a few days.”可知，有些灾难可能导致你暂时脱离现代社会，这需要你准备食物、水和暂避处，B项“带上光源也是一个好主意”承接上文，符合语境。故选B。
4．答案　E
解析　根据上文“When a natural disaster strikes，you probably won’t have time to go over a document or go online to seek advice.”可知，灾难发生时你将没有时间浏览文件或上网寻求建议，因此要经常回顾你的计划，记住它，E项符合语境。故选E。
5．答案　G
解析　根据上文“If a natural disaster strikes while you are in the wilderness，you should put your survival plan into effect immediately.”可知，空处承接上文，说明如何采取果断行动，G项中的“act decisively”和上文中的“put your survival plan into effect immediately”对应。故选G。
语境猜词 ①wet(转)adj.→v.使潮湿；把……弄湿 ②periodically(派)＝period＋ic＋ally adv.定期地，周期性地 ③wilderness(派)＝wild＋er＋ness n．未开发的地区，荒野
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏南通三模)
SpoGomi is a sport involving ①litter-picking by teams of three.You’re given an area of 1.5 sq km，and have to 1 as much litter as possible within an hour.The litter is then 2 .The team with the most wins.
We 3 the first SpoGomi world cup last August. 4 we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad.Upon arriving，we walked around the competition area，and thought about the 5 of people who drop litter：probably typically people who were drinking.That helped us ②narrow down where to go.Another 6 was that we were young and physically fit.We like the 7 element of the sport，whereas people from other countries are 8 more by environmental interests.
With 21 nations participating，the competition was 9 .After the first half，we were second.My muscles were 10 and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat，but we had this feeling of being on the edge of something 11 .We had to just keep 12 .In the second half we ③pulled ahead because we 13 an area no one else had been to.We ended up coming first with 57kg of rubbish collected.
Without the competition，I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before.Now we are just much more 14 of it.Once you’re drawn into SpoGomi，your attitude towards litter and how you 15 completely changes.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了SpoGomi这项团队捡垃圾的体育活动，作者所在的队伍如何通过策略和体能优势赢得比赛，以及这项活动如何改变了作者对垃圾的态度。
1．A.load B．store
C．collect D．bury
答案　C
解析　load装载；store存储；collect收集；bury埋藏。根据空后“as much litter as possible within an hour”和下文“rubbish collected”可知，参与这项活动的团队必须在一小时内尽可能多地收集垃圾。故选C。
2．A.priced B．labeled
C．sorted D．weighed
答案　D
解析　price给……定价；label标记；sort分类；weigh称重，根据下文“We ended up coming first with 57 kg of rubbish collected.”可知，垃圾被称重。故选D。
3．A.held up B．headed for
C．broke through D．put off
答案　B
解析　hold up举起；head for前往；break through突破；put off推迟。根据下文“we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad”可知，作者一行人前往参加首届SpoGomi世界杯。故选B。
4．A.Gradually B．Immediately
C．Constantly D．Initially
答案　D
解析　gradually逐渐地；immediately立即；constantly不断地；initially最初。根据下文“we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad”可知，最初被吸引参加SpoGomi世界杯的原因是有一次免费出国旅行的机会，故选D。
5．A.profile B．shape
C．wisdom D．mood
答案　A
解析　profile概况；shape形状；wisdom智慧；mood情绪。根据下文“probably typically people who were drinking”可知，作者一行人思考了一下乱扔垃圾的人的情况。故选A。
6．A.advantage B．adventure
C．preference D．priority
答案　A
解析　advantage优势；adventure冒险；preference偏好；priority优先事项。根据空前的“That helped us narrow down where to go.”和空后的“we were young and physically fit”可知，作者一行人年轻且身体健康是另一个优势。故选A。
7．A.educational B．competitive
C．sensitive D．recreational
答案　B
解析　educational教育性的；competitive竞争性的；sensitive敏感的；recreational娱乐性的。根据下文“After the first half，we were second.”和“We ended up coming first with 57kg of rubbish collected.”可知，作者一行人参加首届SpoGomi世界杯是因为他们喜欢这项运动的竞争因素，故选B。
8．A.assessed B．protected
C．favored D．motivated
答案　D
解析　assess评估；protect保护；favor偏爱；motivate激励。根据空前的“We like the element of the sport”和空后的“more by environmental interests”可知，作者一行人喜欢的是该活动的竞争因素，其他人则更多地受到环境利益的激励。故选D。
9．A.intense B．fair
C．smooth D．friendly
答案　A
解析　intense激烈的；fair公平的；smooth顺利的；friendly友好的。根据空前“With 21 nations participating”可知，有21个国家参加，说明竞争非常激烈。故选A。
10．A.relaxing B．growing
C．aching D．strengthening
答案　C
解析　relax放松；grow增长；ache疼痛；strengthen加强。根据空后“and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat”可知，夏天的炎热让作者筋疲力尽，肌肉酸痛，故选C。
11．A.amazing B．familiar
C．ordinary D．complex
答案　A
解析　amazing令人惊叹的；familiar熟悉的；ordinary普通的；complex复杂的。根据上文“My muscles were and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat”和but表示转折可知，作者一行人感觉置身于奇妙事物边缘。故选A。
12．A.training B．watching
C．pushing D．waiting
答案　C
解析　train训练；watch观看；push努力争取；wait等待。根据上文“After the first half，we were second.”和下文“In the second half we pulled ahead”可知，作者一行人必须继续努力争取。故选C。
13．A.monitored B．deserted
C．occupied D．discovered
答案　D
解析　monitor监控；desert遗弃；occupy占领；discover发现。根据空后“an area no one else had been to”可知，作者一行人发现了一个别人没有去过的区域，因此他们收集到更多的垃圾，开始领先。故选D。
14．A.guilty B．nervous
C．envious D．aware
答案　D
解析　guilty内疚的；nervous紧张的；envious羡慕的；aware意识到的。根据上句“Without the competition，I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before.”可知，如果没有这次比赛，作者就不会成为在街上捡垃圾的人。这说明现在作者更清楚地意识到了这一点。故选D。
15．A.conclude B．contribute
C．compete D．complain
答案　B
解析　conclude结束；contribute贡献；compete竞争；complain抱怨。根据上文“Without the competition，I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before.”和“Once you’re drawn into SpoGomi”可知，如果没有这次比赛，作者就不会成为在街上捡垃圾的人，参加了这次比赛后，作者对垃圾的态度改变了，对如何做出贡献的态度也改变了。故选B。
语境猜词 ①litter-picking(合)＝litter＋picking n．捡拾垃圾 ②narrow(转)adj.→v.缩小；变窄 ③pull ahead 领先，超过
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Meat，milk，cheese—just some of the things provided by goats.But now we can also add fire safety to this list.Wildfires 1.____________(make) possible by hot，dry weather conditions as well as a supply of dead vegetation that serves as fuel.We may have limited control over the first factor,2.____________ we can control the second.Reducing the fuel load ①lowers the probability of wildfires occurring，as well as the amount of damage 3.____________(cause)．This is where we can turn to goats to provide a 4.____________(solve)．Goats have an 5.____________(extreme) powerful ②digestive system.Much vegetation that are toxic(有毒的) to other animals can be eaten by goats.It’s not just fully-grown plants 6.____________ goats are able to deal with：any seeds that pass through a goat will not grow.Human ③clearance teams worry about 7.____________(send) to hard-to-reach vegetation patches(土地) while goats don’t.They are skilled mountain climbers and when standing on their hind(后面的) legs，they can reach up to two meters to eat shrubs and grass that humans would struggle 8.____________(reach)．Because of this，using goats can reduce both workplace accidents and the amount of money spent 9.____________ fire protection measures.Goatherds have been found to clear some patches of land for 10.____________ third of the price of human vegetation control teams.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是人们可以利用一种不同寻常的方法来消防减灾——山羊消防队。
1．答案　are made
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据句意和句中serves可知，句子使用一般现在时，make与句子主语Wildfires之间为被动关系，且主语为名词复数。故填are made。
2．答案　but/yet
解析　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为并列连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，空前后为转折关系，故填but/yet。
3．答案　caused
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词damage，cause与被修饰词之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式caused。故填caused。
4．答案　solution
解析　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，solve的名词为solution，意为“解决方案”，且空前有不定冠词，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填solution。
5．答案　extremely
解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，修饰形容词powerful。故填extremely。
6．答案　that
解析　考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，此处应为强调句型“it be ＋被强调部分＋that/who...”，强调的是deal with的宾语，指物，所以此处使用that。故填that。
7．答案　being sent
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语，介词about后应为动名词形式，且send与其逻辑主语Human clearance teams之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式。故填being sent。
8．答案　to reach
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语，struggle to do sth意为“努力做某事，挣扎做某事”，符合句意，所以此处使用动词不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填to reach。
9．答案　on
解析　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语spend money on sth“花钱在某事上”。故填on。
10．答案　a/one
解析　考查数词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为分数表达法，根据third可知，此处表示数量“一”。故填a/one。
语境猜词 ①lower(转)adj.→v.降低 ②digestive(派)＝digest＋ive adj.消化的 ③clearance(派)＝clear＋ance n．清理
单元主题组合练(2)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·广东揭阳期末)
Last month，a part of the Negro River in the Amazon rainforest reduced to a depth of just 12.7 metres，its lowest level in 120 years，due to the lack of rainfall.In Lake Tefé，about 500 kilometres away，more than 150 river dolphins were found dead，not because of the low water levels，but probably because the lake had reached temperatures close to 40℃.
“The Amazon rainforest in northern Brazil is experiencing a tough time and it is the sum of three things，” says Luciana Gatti，a researcher at Brazil’s National Institute.“The first is ①deforestation，which is turning rainforest into a drier，hotter place，” she says.
“Additionally，El Ni o climate pattern has begun and it makes things worse，” adds Gatti.El Ni o is a phenomenon which occurs every two to seven years.During El Ni o，winds that usually blow from east to west along the equator(赤道) are ②weakened or even turn the other way round.This leads to the change of rainfall in South America，causing dry air in the north，where the rainforest lies，and damp air in the south.As a result，countries in the south are currently greeted by heavy rains，while the Amazon is experiencing the lowest rainfall levels from July to September in 40 years.
The third factor is the unusual warming of the water in the northern Atlantic Ocean.The warming of these waters causes the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone(热带辐合带)，a region of intense cloud and rain formation，to shift north.The ITCZ takes the storms with it，away from Brazil，and causes less rainfall than usual.
Although it is hard to predict when the next drought might strike the Amazon，studies show that climate change is messing with the timing of El Ni o.“The tendency is that we have stronger and more frequent crises，” Gatti says.“This could be a disaster for the Amazon rainforest，already hit by deforestation and a warming，drying climate.” The forest’s tipping point is coming closer—and it’s coming quick.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙雨林经历极度干旱和炎热的原因。
1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A．The climate change and flood.
B．The extreme drought and heat.
C．The severe pollution and extinction.
D．The wildlife death and deforestation.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Last month，a part of the Negro River...its lowest level in 120 years...In Lake Tefé...probably because the lake had reached temperatures close to 40℃.”可知，由于缺少降雨，亚马孙雨林的部分地区水位降至120年来的最低点，湖水温度达到了近40摄氏度，由此可推知，作者在文章的开头描述了极度干旱和炎热的天气。故选B。
2．Why does El Ni o make things worse
A．The east wind brings hot air.
B．The west wind causes heavy rain.
C．The high temperature has decreased damp air.
D．The wind direction has affected the rainfall pattern.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“During El Ni o，winds that usually blow from east...turn the other way round.This leads to the change of rainfall in South America，causing dry air in the north，where the rainforest lies，and damp air in the south.”可知，厄尔尼诺现象之所以让事情变得更糟是因为它导致的风向改变影响了降雨模式。故选D。
3．What can be inferred about the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone from paragraph 4
A．It produces rainfall in Brazil.
B．It carries clouds to rainforest.
C．Its movement worsens the drought.
D．Its formation raises the water temperature.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The warming of these waters causes the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone(热带辐合带)，a region of intense cloud and rain formation，to shift north.The ITCZ takes the storms with it，away from Brazil，and causes less rainfall than usual.”可知，热带辐合带因水温上升而北移，将风暴带离巴西，导致降雨量比平常少。由此推知，热带辐合带的移动加剧了干旱。故选C。
4．What is Gatti’s attitude to the future of the Amazon rainforest
A．Concerned. B．Unclear.
C．Positive. D．Objective.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘The tendency is that we have stronger and more frequent crises，’ Gatti says.‘This could be a disaster for the Amazon rainforest，already hit by deforestation and a warming，drying climate.’”可推知，Gatti对亚马孙雨林的未来很担心。故选A。
语境猜词 ①deforestation(派)＝de＋forest＋ation n．毁林，滥伐森林 ②weaken(派)＝weak＋en v．(使)变弱，削弱
B
(2024·广东广州二模)
US forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070，suggesting that forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it，a new Agriculture Department report says.
US forests currently absorb 11 percent of US carbon emissions(排放)，equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants.The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from decaying(腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon ①absorption.
The prediction suggests that this will require the US to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero，according to Lynn Riley，a senior manager of climate science.“Eleven percent of our domestic emissions.That is a really significant portion，” Riley said.“As we work to ②decarbonize...forests are one of the greatest tools available.If we were to lose that，it means the US will contribute that much more in emissions.”The report also assesses and predicts the extent of renewable resources provided by the nation’s forests and undeveloped landscapes，including farmlands，wetlands and grasslands.
According to the report，the loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.Development in forested areas，which the report predicts will continue to increase，is having the same effect as people increasingly move to the so-called wildland urban areas.Aging forests also contribute as older，mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species，and the US forests are rapidly aging.
More aggressive forest management can help by cutting down a small portion of aging forests to make ways for younger trees that absorb more carbon.A thorough study of each forest should be done before removing older trees，Riley said.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国森林的吸收温室气体的能力减弱，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。
5．Why could US forests become a “substantial carbon source”？
A．They fail to absorb enough carbon.
B．They begin to emit carbon increasingly.
C．They may emit more carbon than absorb.
D．Mature trees outnumber young trees.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“The report predicts that...forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from decaying(腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon absorption.”可推知，美国森林可能成为“巨大的碳源”是因为将来它排放的碳比吸收的更多，故选C。
6．Which of the following may Lynn Riley agree with
A．US forests have lost their role in carbon absorption.
B．It is urgent for the US to reduce carbon emissions.
C．The US has contributed to 11% carbon emissions.
D．The loss of forests contributes to less carbon emissions.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The prediction suggests that this will require the US to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero，according to Lynn Riley，a senior manager of climate science.”可知，Lynn Riley会赞同“美国迫切需要减少碳排放”这一说法，故选B。
7．What leads to the loss of carbon absorption
A．Improper tree species.
B．Removal of aging trees.
C．Decreasing urban development.
D．Frequent severe natural disasters.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“According to the report，the loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.”可知，频繁发生的严重自然灾害导致了碳吸收能力的损失，故选D。
8．Which could be a suitable title for the text
A．Aging Forests—a Major Emitter of Carbon
B．Growing Forests—a Solution to Carbon Emissions
C．Reducing Forests—a Threat of Global Warming
D．Decaying Forests—a Consequence of Global Warming
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二段和第四段可知，文章主要讲述了森林的老化导致森林吸收碳的能力下降，它们将从碳吸收者变为碳排放者，故A项“老化的森林——碳的主要排放者”符合文章主旨，适合作标题，故选A。
语境猜词 ①absorption(派)＝absor(b)＋p＋tion n．吸收 ②decarbonize(派)＝de＋carbon＋ize v．使碳减排
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·湖南模拟预测)
Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane，failed dam，or ①overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly. 1 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places.In general，there are two types. 2 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture.The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent(激流) of rapidly moving water.River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive(过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee(防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things. 3 Living next to a river，dam，on the coast，or in a ②low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period，flooding can occur.Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months.For example，the collapse of a dam can cause a flood.A natural disaster，such as a tsunami，can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
5 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding.Moreover，flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A．The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B．Floods can be ③preventable and predictable.
C．Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D．And sometimes they come with little warning.
E．The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F．They include severe weather，geography，and other man-made factors.
G．Generally，the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾害，包括其特点、含义、类型、起因、汛期和预测、预防手段。
1．答案　D
解析　前文提到造成洪水的原因有多种，且洪水速度很快，后文提到洪水发生时知道如何保护家人和财产安全的重要性，建议做好充分的准备。D项“And sometimes they come with little warning.”符合语境，指出洪水可能很突然地发生，承接前文，佐证后文做充分准备的必要性。故选D。
2．答案　C
解析　前文提到洪水的定义，以及包含两种类型，后文具体描述第一种类型的洪水，因此C项“Flash floods are more common in dry areas.”符合语境，其中的dry areas是后文的these areas的指代对象。故选C。
3．答案　F
解析　前文“A flood can be caused by many things.”提到洪水的起因很多，因此F项“They include severe weather，geography，and other man-made factors.”符合语境，具体介绍这些因素，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的many things。故选F。
4．答案　G
解析　前文“There is no specific flood season.”提到洪水的发生没有特定的时间，因此G项“Generally，the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.”符合语境，指出宽泛的洪水发生的高风险时期，承接前文。故选G。
5．答案　B
解析　空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。后文主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水，因此B项“Floods can be preventable and predictable.”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选B。
语境猜词 ①overflow(合)＝over＋flow v．溢出 ②low-lying(合)＝low＋lying adj.低洼的 ③preventable(派)＝prevent＋able adj.可防止的
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his ①muddy crops.A terrible 1 had swept through his farm the night before，and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed.His neighbor，a kind young man named Thomas， 3 to offer his help.
“What a disaster，” Whitaker said.“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field.I feel 4 and don’t know what to do now.”
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment.“I see this not as a disaster but as an 5 ，” he said.Whitaker looked at him 6 .“How can it be？” he asked.Thomas smiled 7 ，“Now you have a chance to try something new.You’ve always grown beans and cabbages.Why not try planting 8 crops that will also fit in this soil You can diversify and therefore 9 your farm once again.”
Elmer Whitaker considered this.Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways.This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way.“You have 11 me，” Whitaker said.He clapped Thomas on the back，“Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty.”
And so Whitaker 12 new crops and soon，the farm was full of life again.Farmers from neighboring towns were 13 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields，and they began to 14 their crops as well.Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 15 of ②adaptability and hope，telling everyone that in every storm，there is a chance for new growth.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Elmer Whitaker在农场受灾后开始多样化种植作物，他的农场已经成为适应力和希望的象征，告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中都有新的成长机会。
1．A.force B．smoke
C．war D．storm
答案　D
解析　force武力；smoke烟雾；war战争；storm风暴，暴风雨。根据最后一段中的“in every storm，there is a chance for new growth”可知，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场。故选D。
2．A.mud B．grass
C．mist D．dust
答案　A
解析　mud泥浆；grass 草；mist雾；dust灰尘。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”可知，Whitaker看着沾满泥浆的庄稼，所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。故选A。
3．A.went on B．set off
C．came by D．burst in
答案　C
解析　go on继续；set off出发；come by过来；burst in破门而入。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in and destroyed”和后文“to offer his help”可知，他的庄稼被摧毁了，所以一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C。
4．A.special B．desperate
C．sensitive D．tireless
答案　B
解析　special特殊的；desperate绝望的；sensitive敏感的；tireless不知疲倦的。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in and destroyed”和“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field.”可知，他的庄稼被摧毁了，而他的全家一直靠这片田地的收成生存，所以他感到绝望。故选B。
5．A.opportunity B．agreement
C．intention D．element
答案　A
解析　opportunity机会；agreement协议；intention意图；element要素。根据后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new.”可知，现在他有机会尝试新事物，所以Thomas认为这不是灾难，而是机会。故选A。
6．A.as usual B．in disbelief
C．on purpose D．with pride
答案　B
解析　as usual和往常一样；in disbelief难以置信地；on purpose故意地；with pride骄傲地。根据后文的“How can it be？”可知，Whitaker认为这不可能，所以难以置信地看着Thomas。故选B。
7．A.innocently B．gratefully
C．politely D．cheerfully
答案　D
解析　innocently无辜地；gratefully感激地；politely礼貌地；cheerfully高兴地。根据前文的“smiled”和后文“Now you have a chance to try something new.”可知，Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了，所以高兴地笑着说。故选D。
8．A.major B．traditional
C．different D．natural
答案　C
解析　major主要的；traditional传统的；different不同的；natural自然的。根据后文的“You can diversify”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，即种植不同的作物。故选C。
9．A.restore B．exchange
C．donate D．abandon
答案　A
解析　restore恢复；exchange交换；donate捐赠；abandon放弃。根据前文的“and his crops were now covered in and destroyed”和后文“your farm once again”可知，Whitaker的庄稼被摧毁了，所以此处指尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物，从而再次恢复农场。故选A。
10．A.formal B．diverse
C．realistic D．obvious
答案　B
解析　formal正式的；diverse多样的；realistic现实的；obvious明显的。根据前文的“You can diversify”和“Thomas was right”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，这场灾难可以推动他使农场多样化。故选B。
11．A.informed B．demanded
C．enlightened D．promised
答案　C
解析　inform通知；demand需要；enlighten启发；promise许诺。根据后文的“Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty.”可知，Whitaker感谢Thomas向他展示了这个机会，所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C。
12．A.tasted B．planted
C．shared D．received
答案　B
解析　taste品尝；plant种植；share共享；receive收到。根据后文的“soon，the farm was full of life again”可知，农场很快又充满了生机，可推知Whitaker种上了新作物。故选B。
13．A.careful B．troubled
C．familiar D．impressed
答案　D
解析　careful小心的；troubled忧虑的；familiar熟悉的；impressed印象深刻的。根据后文的“and they began to their crops as well”可知，邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的田地的奇迹印象深刻，并(共93张PPT)
Natural disasters
必修第三册　 Unit 2
内容索引
过基础　知识排查
查重点　夯基固本
提能力　主题写作
过基础　知识排查
Part One
含义
n.郡，县
词汇
county
过关
必备词汇
含义
vt.伤害，使受伤；损害
词汇
injure
延伸
拓展
[派]injury n.伤害
injured adj.受伤的
do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb伤害某人
the injured伤员
含义
n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败
词汇
disaster
延伸
拓展
[同]catastrophe
[派]disastrous adj.灾难性的
含义
整个，全部
词汇
at large
含义
n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
词汇
reaction
延伸
拓展
react vi.反应
react to...对……作出反应
含义
n.碰撞声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
词汇
crash
延伸
拓展
crash into撞上；闯入
含义
vi.& vt.发信号；标志
n.信号；标志；信号灯
词汇
signal
延伸
拓展
signal (to) sb to do sth示意某人做某事
signal sb that...示意某人……
a traffic signal交通信号
含义
vt.& vi.出去；退出
n.出口，通道；离开
词汇
exit
延伸
拓展
[反]entrance n.入口；进入
含义
adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
词汇
orderly
延伸
拓展
order n.命令；顺序 v.命令；整理
含义
n.名单 ；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt.翻滚；翻身；卷起
词汇
roll
延伸
拓展
roll call点名
含义
vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
词汇
confirm
延伸
拓展
[派]confirmation n.证实；确认书；证明书
confirm sb in sth使某人确信某事
It has been confirmed that...已确认/证实……
含义
安然无恙的
词汇
safe and sound
含义
n.程序，步骤，手续
词汇
procedure
含义
adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的 ；不成对的
词汇
odd
含义
(在困境中)保持冷静
词汇
keep one’s head
含义
n.柱，杆；极
词汇
pole
延伸
拓展
[派]polar adj.极地的；完全相反的
含义
n.会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
词汇
conference
含义
n.能力；能量；力量；控制力；权力；政权；电力
词汇
power
延伸
拓展
[派]powerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的；强大的
powerless adj.无影响力的；无权的；无能为力
in power当权
come to/into power开始掌权；上台
in/beyond one’s power在某人的能力范围内/超出某人的能力
含义
n.补给，补给品；供应；储备
vt.供应，供给
词汇
supply
延伸
拓展
supply sb/sth with sth＝supply sth to sb/sth向某人/某物供应某物
含义
vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)
词汇
donate
延伸
拓展
[派]donation n.捐赠；赠送；捐赠物
donate sth to...＝make a donation of sth to...向……捐赠某物
含义
n.慈善机构(或组织)；慈善；仁爱
词汇
charity
含义
n.管理人员；全体职工
vt.任职于，在……工作
词汇
staff
含义
n.幻灯片 ；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入
词汇
slide
延伸
拓展
slide into...溜进……
含义
n.资金；基金
词汇
fund
含义
n.洪水，水灾；大量
vt.& vi.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入 ；充满
词汇
flood
延伸
拓展
flood into...大量涌入……
a sense of relief floods over sb某人深感宽慰
含义
adv.在楼下，往楼下
n.楼下
词汇
downstairs
延伸
拓展
[反]upstairs adv.在楼上，往楼上 n.楼上
含义
n.文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
词汇
document
含义
n.(爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜
词汇
honey
含义
adv.否则，不然；除此以外
词汇
otherwise
含义
vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生
词汇
erupt
延伸
拓展
[派]eruption n.爆发
含义
n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍
vt.封；阻挡；阻止
词汇
bar
含义
n.进口产品；输入
vt.进口，引进
词汇
import
延伸
拓展
port n.港口，避风港 ；港口城市
[反]export n.出口产品；出口，输出
vt.出口，输出
含义
adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
词汇
cloud-capped
含义
n.黎明；开端，萌芽
vi.开始；开始清楚
词汇
dawn
延伸
拓展
at dawn在黎明时刻
It dawned on sb that...某人突然意识到……
含义
呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
词汇
take the form of
含义
突然开始，爆发
词汇
break out
含义
adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边
prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法
词汇
beyond
含义
到处，各处
词汇
far and wide
含义
n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
词汇
pattern
词汇
column
含义
n.柱；栏；专栏；柱状物；列
含义
n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救
词汇
rescue
延伸
拓展
come to sb’s rescue来救某人
rescue sb from...从……中营救/援救某人
含义
adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的 ；尖锐的；强烈的
词汇
sharp
延伸
拓展
[派]sharply adv.急剧地；鲜明地
sharpen vi.& vt.(使)变得锋利
含义
vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)
词汇
locate
延伸
拓展
[派]location n.地点；位置
be located on/at/in...位于……
含义
vi.& vt.退休，退职
词汇
retire
延伸
拓展
[派]retirement n.退休
含义
vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
词汇
unearth
延伸
拓展
earth n.地球；陆地；土
含义
adj.难耐的，无法忍受的
词汇
unbearable
延伸
拓展
bear vt.忍受
[派]bearable adj.可以忍受的
含义
adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的
词汇
destructive
延伸
拓展
destroy vt.破坏
[派]destruction n.破坏
1.前缀un-：表示否定、相反、分离或逆转，可以用于构成形容词、动词、名词和副词。unearth/unbearable就是由earth/bearable加否定前缀un-构成的。类似的还有：unhappy adj.不快乐的；unclear adj.不清楚的；unlock v.开锁；undress v.脱衣服；unemployment n.失业；unfortunately adv.不幸地。
2.后缀-ive：表示“有……倾向(的)，有……特征(的)”；含有此后缀的词多是形容词，如：effective adj.有效的；attractive adj.有吸引力的；persuasive adj.有说服力的。部分既可作形容词又可作名词，如：native n.本地人 adj.本国的，本地的；detective n.侦探 adj.刑侦的。少数仅作名词，如：adjective n.形容词；incentive n.激励。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)What children need most is unconditional support and love.
(2)When Ted was six we decided that he needed to know how to fasten and unfasten his seat belt.
(3)He has carried out (extend) research into renewable energy sources.
(4)It would provide hundreds of millions of dollars for research into
(alternate) energy sources.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
____________
_______
adj.无条件的
vt.解开
extensive
alternative
1.To build up my body，I often do stair climbing from the first floor to the top one with my friends.
2.The lucky boy survived the earthquake and the moment he saw his parents，he hugged them tightly.
3.A powerful offshore quake could cause a large tsunami that would reach the shore within minutes.
4.I still remember my cousin once blew a big bubble and then it broke，covering her face with gum!
阅读词汇
识记
_____
_____
_____
___
楼梯
拥抱
海啸
泡
5.The coastal cities are often struck by typhoons，which had a bad impact on people’s daily life.
6.A hurricane accompanied by heavy rains and winds has done much damage to the village.
7.The journey and the destination are equally important in our reading.
8.After an hour，the house fell apart and collapsed，looking like a dark，ashy ruin.
9.The volcano erupted last year killing about 600 people.
10.This pine tree looks tall and strong but actually its trunk is hollow.
_____
_____
_______
_______
_____
_____
台风
飓风
目的地
灰色的
火山
树干
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
探究
重点词汇
occur
1
vi.(occurred；occurred；occurring)发生，出现；存在于(occurrence n.出现；发生；事件)
occur to被想到，浮现在脑中
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth.某人突然想到要做某事。
(1)A perfect idea occurred us that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
to
(2)It seldom occurred to them (wander) a bit，to take a moment to see what was around them.
(3)Gunter突然想到他可以抄近路在约定的时间把我送到目的地，我松了口气。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Gunter that he could take a shortcut to transport me to the destination at the appointed time and I sighed in relief.
to wander
It occurred to/struck/hit
relief
·in/with relief欣慰地；如释重负地
　to one’s relief(＝to the relief of sb)让某人宽慰的是
·relieve sb of...将某人从……中解脱出来；帮助某人减轻(负担)
n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济(relieve vt.减轻；缓和)
2
(1)He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little (relieve).
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
(2)At the conference，it has been decided that a secretary will be hired to relieve the manager some of the administrative work.
relief
of
(3)令我宽慰的是，我在最后一刻赶到了汽车站，赶上了开往布拉格的末班车。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
，I made it to the bus station at the last minute in time for the last bus to Prague.
(4)得知走丢的孩子们安然无恙地回到了家，所有在场的人都松了口气。
Learning the missing children returned home safe and sound，______
.
To my relief
all
people present breathed a sigh of relief/sighed with/in relief
inform
·inform sb of/about sth通知某人某事
　inform sb that...通知某人……
·keep sb informed of/about...通知某人关于……；使某人知道……
vt.通知；了解，熟悉(informed adj.有见识的；了解情况的 informative adj.提供有用信息的，增长见闻的 information n.信息；消息)
(1)It’s necessary for us to keep the new staff (inform) of the procedure of taking office.
informed
3
(2)This (inform) walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
(3)您能否提前告知我您的计划以便我作出相应的安排？(应用文写作之邀请信)
Would you please ____________________________________________
your plan in advance so I can make arrangements accordingly
informative
inform me of/about/keep me informed of/about
(4)我想告诉你，我的展品可以激励大家珍惜我们日常生活中简单的东西。
(2023·上海6月，书面表达)
I would like to _______________________________________________
in our daily life.
inform you that my exhibit can inspire/encourage/
stimulate all to cherish simple things
shock
·in shock震惊地
　be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆
·be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊
　be shocked to do...因做……而震惊
n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊(shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的)
(1)The news that he died in the rescue work is so (shock) that everyone is very shocked it.
(2)Tom was shocked (know) that the dam had been destroyed in the flood.
shocking
4
at/by
to know
(3)Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
(4)看到厨房一片狼藉，父亲惊呆了。
Seeing the great mess in the kitchen，the father .
in
was numb with shock
scare
·scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
　scare...away/off把……吓跑
·be scared to death吓得要死
　be scared to do sth/of doing sth害怕做某事
vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓(scared adj.恐惧的；惊恐的；害怕的 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的)
5
(1)At the sight of the scene，the young girl was too to move.(scare)
(2)The robber scared her handing over her money and gold ring.
scary
scared
into
(3)Seeing the volcanic eruption in the distance，I had to admit I ____
(scare) to death.
(4)北极熊越靠近，我们就越害怕。我们试着用辣椒喷雾把它吓跑。
The nearer the polar bear was， .We tried to use the pepper spray to .
was
scared
the more scared we got
scare it away/off
curious
·be curious about对……感到好奇
　be curious to do sth极想做某事
·out of curiosity出于好奇
　with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
adj.好奇的；奇特的(curiosity n.好奇，好奇心 curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地)
6
(1)Out of (curious)，we crept into the dark cave，where a snake scared us away.(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
curiosity
(2)得知你很好奇“活雷锋”是什么，我写信告诉你一些关于它的事情。
(2023·天津3月，书面表达)
Learning that you what “a living Lei Feng” is，I am writing to inform you about/of it.
(3)听到奇怪的声音，人们都围了过来，极想知道正在发生什么。我也停了下来，好奇地使劲向前看。
Hearing the strange noise，people gathered around，_____________
.I also stopped，looking forward hard
.
are curious about
curious to know
what was happening
curiously/with curiosity
distance
from a distance (of)从远处；从……远的距离
in the distance在远处
at a distance (of)距离稍远；离一段(……远的)距离
keep sb at a distance＝keep one’s distance from sb 对某人冷淡，与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
within walking distance (of)(从……)走着就能到
n.距离；遥远；疏远；差异(distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的)
7
(1)We saw a squirrel a distance of five metres，but the squirrel ran away and disappeared the distance immediately it found us approaching.
at
in
(2)当她小心翼翼地沿小溪走着时，一个熟悉的身影从远处向她走了过来。(读后续写之场景描写)
As she picked her way carefully along the stream，________________
.
(3)与她和睦相处确实很难，因为她总是对每个人都很冷淡。
It’s really difficult to get along well with her because _______________
.
a familiar figure
came up to her from a distance
she always keeps
everyone at a distance/keeps her distance from everyone
(4)我们将于下周六在一个距我们学校两千米远的农场进行水果采摘活动。
We’ll hold a fruit-picking activity next Saturday on a farm which ____
.
(5)你也可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店走着就能到。(应用文写作之建议信)
You can also visit the city museum，____________________________
where you stay.
is at
a distance of two kilometres from our school
which is within walking distance
of the hotel
run out of
run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)
run across偶然遇见
run after追赶；追求
run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
run for竞选；匆匆去取
用完，耗尽(主语为人)
8
用run短语的正确形式填空
I was jogging on the street when I my cousin，who was president of the Student Association.He informed me that he had been this dream in the past two months，so he felt as if his energy were .Afraid that he would all his energy，I invited him to sit by the roadside，patiently informing him of some do’s and don’ts.
ran across/into
running for
running after
running out
run out of
1
At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.(in case引导目的状语从句)
与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏而打不开。
The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.(the moment引导时间状语从句，动词不定式作定语)
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
2
悟通
经典句式
3
On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。
4
Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio，while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.(while 连接并列分句，表对比)
爸爸在听广播里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。
5
Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！(情态动词＋have done)
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.(as if 引导方式状语从句)
它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案一点都没有褪色。
6
·as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，在此处引导状语从句，也可引导表语从句；引导的状语从句常用省略形式，as if/though后面可直接跟不定式、分词、名词、形容词、介词短语等。
·as if引导的从句中的语气和时态：
(1)陈述语气(真实或极有可能发生)
(2)虚拟语气
虚拟现在：谓语动词用一般过去时
虚拟过去：谓语动词用过去完成时
虚拟将来：谓语动词用“would/might/could/should＋do”
(1)She described the destructive typhoon to us so vividly as if she ____
(experience) herself.
had
experienced
(2)When his mother kisses him on the cheek，it seems as if the baby
(be) on top of the world.(读后续写之心情描写)
(3)我们讨论了一会儿我的意见，我发觉他正在怀疑地看着我，好像在说这是多么愚蠢。
(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
We discussed my opinion for a while，and I felt he was eyeing me doubtfully .
(4)听到家乡发生水灾的消息，玛丽吓得僵住了，好像在地上扎根一样。(读后续写之情感描写)
Hearing the news that her hometown was hit by the flood，Mary froze with shock， .
were
as if to say how stupid it was
as if rooted to the ground
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.county
2.tsunami
3.bubble
4.unearth
5.dawn
6.cloud-capped
7.ashy
8.pole
词汇默写
默写巩固
_________
_______
_________________
____________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________
_______________________
_____________
n.郡，县
n.海啸
n.泡沫，泡，气泡
vt.使出土，挖掘；发现，找到
n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚
adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的
n.柱，杆；极
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. vi.发生，出现；存在于
2. n.碰撞声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt.碰撞；崩溃
3. vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志
n.信号；标志；信号灯
4. n.慈善机构(或组织)；慈善；仁爱
5. vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
6. vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
occur
crash
signal
charity
hug
confirm
7. n.补给；供应；储备
vt.供应，提供
8. n.洪水，水灾；大量
vi.& vt.淹没；大量涌入；充满
9. adv.否则，不然；除此以外
10. n.目的地，终点
11. n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救
12. vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在
supply
flood
otherwise
destination
rescue
locate
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
→ vt.减轻；缓和
2. vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓
→ adj.害怕的
→ adj.恐怖的，吓人的
3. n.电力；权力；能力；能量；力量
→ adj.强有力的；强大的
→ adj.无力的；无能为力
relief
relieve
scare
scared
scary
power
powerful
powerless
4. adj.破坏(或毁灭)性的
→ vt.破坏
→ n.破坏
5. vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生
→ n.爆发
6. adj.难耐的，无法忍受的
→ adj.可以忍受的
→ vt.忍受
destructive
destroy
destruction
erupt
eruption
unbearable
bearable
bear
7. adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐
的；强烈的
→ adv.急剧地；鲜明地
→ vi.& vt.(使)变得锋利
8. vi.& vt.退休，退职
→ n.退休
sharp
sharply
sharpen
retire
retirement
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 整个，全部
2. 被想到，浮现在脑中
3. 到处，各处
4. 抓紧，不放开
5. 详细地
6. 最重要的是
at large
occur to
far and wide
hold on to
in detail
above all
语境运用
默写巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Our boss is eager for more ，so we must keep him
of what’s happening here.(inform)
2.He was at the news，for I could see the _________
look on his face.(shock)
3.I didn’t imagine he should have so strongly when he was exposed to stress，and his annoyed most of us.(react)
4.Tom was seriously in the traffic accident yesterday，so he can’t go on with his work until he recovers from the .(injure)
information
informed
shocked
shocking
shocked
reacted
reaction
injured
injury
5.It is normal for children to be curious everything.They will ask many questions and we should answer them patiently to meet their .(curious)
6.Though there is a long between Tom’s home and his grandparents’，they don’t feel .(distance)
7.The businessman donated a lot of money the school.As a result of the (donate)，many students returned to school.
8.A fire broke last night，causing great damage to the library with a history of about 100 years.
about
curiously
curiosity
distance
distant
to
donation
out
9.I had run out all my patience and I began to explode with anger.
10.This kind of flower is called sunflower，because it takes form of the sun when it blossoms.
of
the
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.我突然想到上次你告诉我，你想了解更多的中国传统文化。(occur，it作形式主语) 2.所以，我写信告知你在我们学校将有一场中国剪纸展并邀请你参观。(inform，宾语从句) 1. last time you told me you wanted to know more about traditional Chinese culture.Therefore，I’m writing 2._____________________________
______________________________________________ and invite you to visit it.
It occurred to me that
to inform you that there will be a
Chinese paper-cutting exhibition in our
school
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.你会被著名艺术家创作的剪纸作品所震撼。(shock，分词短语作定语) The exhibition is scheduled to start on June 20 and last for a week in our school lecture hall，where you can enjoy a collection of works.You will 3.____________
___________________________________________.After that，you can experience paper-cutting in person.
be shocked at
the paper-cutting works created by famous
artists
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
4.活动期间，我将带你参观我们的学校，对你来说这是一个很好的机会，让你玩得开心并更加了解中国的传统文化。(不定式作定语) During the activity，I will show you around our school and 4._______________________
_____________________________________________________________.
this is a good chance for
you to enjoy yourself and learn more about traditional Chinese culture
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
5.参观完展览后，你可能会感觉自己好像就是一个熟悉中国剪纸的中国人。(as if从句的虚拟) After visiting the exhibition，you may feel 5. who is familiar with Chinese paper-cutting.
If you’re curious to learn more detailed information about the exhibition，please contact me.
as if you were a Chinese
返 回
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
查重点　夯基固本
Part Two
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.After the continuous heavy rain，a flood① struck the entire village.As soon as the news spread，a flood② of aid supplies quickly arrived.These supplies flooded③ into the flood-stricken area like a tidal wave，bringing hope to the local residents.At the same time，feelings of gratitude flooded④ the villagers’ hearts.
① 　② 　③ 　④_______
2.Mary met her friends at the cozy bar① downtown，enjoying a cool drink and chatting over a delicious bar② of chocolate.
① 　②_____
n.洪水，水灾
n.大量
vi.大量涌入
vt.充满
n.酒吧
n.块
3.The teacher presented us with a slide①，in which a thief slid② on a banana skin and fell down.
① 　②_______
4.The odd① man wearing his odd② shoes earns his living by doing odd③ jobs.
① 　② 　③__________
n.幻灯片
vi.滑行
adj.奇怪的
adj.不成对的
adj.偶尔的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.It was confirmed that a large amount of money raised by our organization had been donated the local school.
2.We were going to take some photographs with the cattle，but they ____
(scare) away.
3.The boss asked his secretary to keep him well (inform) of the process of the important project.
4.A good idea occurred me that I might join a related organization as a volunteer in defence of the wildlife.
to
were
scared
informed
to
5.I’m curious (know) how to help the people in this region get rid of poverty.
6.His political activity made him a (power) figure in the committee.
7. his relief，he has entirely recovered and can take part in the sports meeting to be held next month.
8.We are (shock) that there are still some people damaging the animals’ habitats or even tracking and killing them.
to know
powerful
To
shocked
9.My first (react) to the news was a strange mixture of joy and anger.
10.The couple knew their son’s application was rejected，but they behaved as if nothing (happen).
reaction
had happened
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
A county 1. (locate) at the foot of a high mountain has beautiful scenery.So it is the destination of many visitors every year.Unfortunately，one day an earthquake broke out there,2. was one of the most destructive natural disasters.It was natural that a person couldn’t keep his head when a terrible disaster 3. (occur)，not to mention the children.Some cried，scared and even became numb.Others hugged each other tightly.4. (lucky)，only a small number of people were badly 5. (injure)，and some suffered slight injuries.
located
which
occurred
Luckily
injured
Everywhere people looked，there was nothing 6. ruins.They were
7. shock.Soon after the quake，the rescue team arrived.After 8._________
(confirm) that most people were safe and sound，the leader smiled with
9. (relieve).Some charities from far and wide immediately supplied the county with food，tents and funds；many individuals also began to donate some food and clothes to the victims the moment they 10.________
(inform) of the news.
返 回
but
in
confirming
relief
were
informed
提能力　主题写作
Part Three
假如你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括：
1.表达安慰；
2.救援队已到达并进行援助；
3.表达对其重建家园的信心。
应用文增分练
自然灾害
1.我是学生会主席李华。得知一场可怕的地震在你们的家乡意外地发生并造成数千人死亡，我感到非常遗憾。(break out，leave＋宾语＋宾补)
_____________________________________________________________
2.我很想借此机会向那些在地震中受了很多苦的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(curious，定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.得知地震一爆发救援队就赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我感到宽慰。(the moment引导时间状语从句，relieve)
_____________________________________________________________
4.不顾自己的安危，他们立即前往营救被困在废墟中的人们，以防他们再次受伤，这值得我们的尊重和钦佩。(rescue，in case引导目的状语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
5.此外，如果没有政府和全国人民的帮助，被困人员的生存机会可能会大大减少。(不定式作后置定语，情态动词＋have done)
_____________________________________________________________
6.虽然你们深受地震的影响，但我坚信一切都会好起来的，灾区很快就会有序复苏。(orderly，宾语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Dear friends，
I’m Li Hua，chairman of the Students’ Council.I’m deeply sorry to hear the news that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown and left thousands dead.
应用文增分练
参考范文
I’m curious to take this opportunity to send my deepest sympathy and concern to the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake.Learning that the moment the earthquake broke out，the rescue teams rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，I feel relieved.Regardless of their own safety，they immediately went to rescue people trapped in ruins in case they were re-injured，which deserves our respect and admiration.What’s more，had it not been for the aid of the government and people across the country，the chances to survive for the trapped might have reduced greatly.
Though you are deeply affected by the earthquake，I’m fully convinced that everything will be fine，and that the stricken area will recover in an orderly way soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
亮词 [情感描写]　odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的　relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济　shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤　scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓　curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
[动作描写]　crash vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃　confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准　signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意　exit vt.& vi.出去，离去；退出　occur to被想到，浮现在脑中　keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静　inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks.(动作描写)
2.There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.(环境描写)
3.She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.(动作描写)
4.People were walking，running or simply sitting on the sandy beach，enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.(动作描写)
情感细节描写：恐惧与绝望
单词 1.shout v.大声喊叫　2.scream v.惊声尖叫　3.yell v.大喊；吼叫 n.大喊，吼叫
4.hopeless adj.绝望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地
5.threat n.威胁；恐吓→threaten v.威胁；恐吓　6.horror n.恐惧；强烈畏惧
7.despair n.绝望　8.desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n.绝望
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词块 1.in despair/desperation绝望地
2.send sb into the depths of despair使某人陷入深深的绝望
3.give up all hope绝望；不再抱希望
4.sb be thrown into a world of darkness某人被扔进黑暗的世界
5.sb sink/fall into hopelessness/despair某人陷入绝望
6.abandon oneself to despair 某人陷入绝望
7.weep bitter tears of despair/desperation绝望得痛哭流涕
8.throw sb in low spirits使某人陷入情绪低迷状态
9.be seized with overwhelming despair极度绝望
10.lift/glue one’s eyes to sb with disappointment失望地抬眼望着某人/盯着某人
句型 1.In such circumstances，tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face.
在这种情况下，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。
2.I felt more frightened and sensed death was waiting for me.我感到更加害怕，感觉死亡在等着我。
3.As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually.
随着时间的推移，我能活下去的信念逐渐消退。
句型 4.Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。
5.A sense of despair swallowed/took hold of him completely.他完全被绝望吞没了。
6.His heart was torn with despair.他绝望到心都要碎了。
7.As a result of an accident，Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness.
由于一场事故，托尼突然被扔进黑暗的世界，陷入绝望。
自然灾害
Never ① in my life.I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Stuck in the heavy rain，I struggled to make my way but in vain，②__________________________
(独立主格).
我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在大雨中，挣扎着前进，但没有成功，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水从我的脸上流下来。
续写积累提能练
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have I experienced such a hopeless moment
tears of horror and despair
mixed with rain streaming down my face
What’s worse，my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more frightened and sensed ③ (拟人).④__________
(分词短语作状语)，I yelled at the top of my lungs but no one could hear.
更糟糕的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕，感觉死亡在等着我。我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有人能听到。
death was waiting for me
Thrown into
a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness
I was about to give up ⑤ .He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car.After confirming the safety，we ⑥ and eventually made it home safe and sound.⑦__________________________
(倒装句).Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting me on the back，comforting me gently.
我正打算放弃，这时我丈夫乔来救我了。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在泥水中慢慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时，我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，温柔地安慰我。
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when my husband Joe came to my rescue
inched forward in the muddy water
Only then did I get rid of my
horror

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