资源简介

词汇 含义 延伸拓展
republic n.共和国，共和政体
deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 survive vi.生存 vt.幸存，幸免于难 [派]survivor n．幸存者
province n.省，省份
broad adj.广泛的；广阔的；开阔的；概括的 [派]broadly adv.大体上；开心(笑)地 broaden vi.变宽 vt.增长；拓宽 broaden one’s horizons拓宽某人的视野 broadly speaking大体上说
extract n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
herb n.药草，香草；草本 [派]herbal adj.药草的，香草的
experiment n.实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
trial n.试用，试验；审讯；考验 vi.& vt.测试，试验 on trial受审；在试验中；试用
limited adj.有限的；受(……的)限制 limit n．限制；极限 vt.限制 [派]limitation n．限制；局限 limitless adj.无限的 limit...to...将……限制在(某范围内)
household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n.一家人，家庭
container n.容器；集装箱，货柜 contain vt.包含；容纳
postpone vt.延迟，延期 [同]put off，delay postpone doing sth延迟做某事
sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 [同]adequate [派]sufficiency n．充足；足量
data n.数据，资料，材料
speed up (使)加速 [同]accelerate
pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；偿清；付清工资后解雇，遣散
error n.错误，差错 through trial and error反复试验
beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 vi.得益于 be beneficial to＝be of benefit to对……有益
conduct vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止
illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于 [派]illustration n．图解；插图
indicate vt.表明，暗示；提及；指出 [派]indication n．表明；暗示
accident n.意外，偶然的事；事故 [派]accidental adj.意外的；偶然的 accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地 by accident＝by chance偶然，意外地
intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 [派]intelligence n．才智；智慧 artificial intelligence人工智能
politician n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 politics n．政治(学) [派]political adj.政治的
electricity n.电，电能 electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的 [派]electrical adj.电器科学的；与电有关的
theory n.学说；原理；看法 in theory理论上
bang n.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 vi.& vt.砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞 The Big Bang Theory大爆炸宇宙论 with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
standout adj.突出的 n.突出的人(或物) [同]outstanding，excellent，brilliant
atomic adj.原子的；原子能的 atom n．原子
bomb n.炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸
evil n.罪恶，罪行；害处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 science n．科学 [派]scientist n．科学家 scientifically adv.科学地
credit n.赞扬，认可；信用；借款，贷款；学分 vt.存入金额；把……归于 to one’s credit使值得赞扬
moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n.品行，道德；寓意 [反]immoral adj.不道德的 [派]morally adv.道德上
apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 [派]applicant n．申请人 application n．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹
negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定 [派]negative adj.消极的，反面的；否定的；负的；阴性的
intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者
mystery n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 [派]mysterious adj.神秘的；不易解释的
let sb down 使某人失望
ignorance n.无知 ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 [派]ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的 be ignorant of...对……无知
as to 关于，至于 [同]as for
take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
authority n.权威，权力；官方
responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务 responsible adj.负责的
declare vt.表明，宣称；公布；申报 declare...to be/as...宣布……为…… declare war on/against...向……宣战 declare for/against表示赞成/反对…… It is declared that...据宣布……
nationality n.国籍；民族 nation n．国家；民族 [派]national adj.国家的；全国的；民族的
evolution n.进化；演变，发展 evolve vt.& vi.(使)进化；(使)逐渐演变
publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 [派]publisher n．出版人(或机构)
marriage n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 marry v．结婚 [派]married adj.已婚的；婚姻的
wisdom n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 wise adj.有智慧的；明智的 [派]wisely adv.明智地；精明地
freedom n.自由 free adj.自由的；免费的 vt.使摆脱；解放；解除 [派]freely adv.自由地 be free to do sth自由地做某事 free sb of/from sth使某人摆脱某事；使某人免于某事
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
名词后缀-dom：表示“状态；地位；领域”，它主要加在名词和形容词后面。wisdom/freedom是由形容词wise/free加上后缀-dom组成的，类似的还有：kingdom n．王国；dukedom n．公爵的地位；boredom n．无聊，厌倦。
(1)Was there one moment when you knew you were on the way to stardom n．明星的地位
(2)In the current Chinese filmdom，Zhang Ailing’s film idea would give us meaningful enlightenment.n.电影业
1．In 1969，in order to solve the problem of treating malaria，Tu Youyou took on the job as head of a research team.疟疾
2．Penicillin is one of the antibiotics that can treat the infection.青霉素
3．He would dampen the clay and begin to mould it into an entirely different shape.塑造
4．It is an effective treatment for the bacteria and does kill it off.细菌
5．Weather forecasts predict more hot weather，gusty winds，and lightning strikes.闪电
6．One hot summer afternoon，he was taking a walk when a thunderstorm started all at once，making him look like a drowned rat.雷雨
7．As a heavy metal，radium is chemically poisonous in addition to being radioactively poisonous.金属
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1．intend vt.& vi.计划，想要；意指[intended adj.意欲达到的；为……打算(或设计)的 intention n．目的；意图；打算]
·intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth(＝intended to have done sth)本打算做某事(但事实上没做) ·be intended for/to do sth 旨在；为……打算(或设计)的 ·with the intention of抱有……的目的；打算……
(1)I intend taking/to take(take) up a part-time job，through which I can have broad horizons.
(2)The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended for the foreign students who are interested in Chinese culture.
(3)The GPNP is intended to provide(provide) stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
(4)为了促进中英文化交流，我们学校计划举办一场名为“Chinese Workshop”的活动。
Our school plans to organize an activity entitled “Chinese Workshop” with the intention of promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK.
(5)我本来打算在上午9点赶到汽车站，但没有成功，我太沮丧了，无法控制自己的眼泪。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
I had intended to make it to/intended to have made it to the bus station at 9 am，but in vain; so depressed was I that I couldn’t contain my tears.
2．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关(surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n．环境)
surround...with...用……包围…… be surrounded with/by被……包围
(1)He is a brilliant figure，who is well-educated and brought up in superior surroundings(surround)．
(2)Being surrounded(surround) by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life.(2024·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
(3)受到这奇妙景色的启发，我决定创作一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的花朵。(2024·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
Inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond，(which is) surrounded by/with blooming flowers.
3．favour(AmE favor) n．帮助；偏袒；赞同vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于(favourable adj.赞同的，支持的；有利的 favourite n．特别喜爱的人或事物 adj.最喜爱的，最喜欢的)
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮一个忙 do a favour for sb＝do sb a favour给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙 owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情 in favour of支持，赞同；有利于
(1)I liked traveling in France，but when it came to picking my favourite(favor) spot to settle，Italy was the clear winner.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
(2)I am all in favour of supplying the homeless with food and water free of charge.
(3)当我请出租车司机帮个忙时，他毫不犹豫地帮助了我，我感动得一句话也说不出来了。我欠他一个人情。(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
When I asked the taxi driver a favour/asked a favour of the taxi driver，he assisted me without hesitation and I was too moved to utter a word; I owed him a favor.
(4)我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙，来指导我们如何表演这个短剧。期待您的早日回复。(应用文写作之求助信)
We sincerely hope you can do us a favour/do a favour for us and come to guide us how to perform the short play.Looking forward to your early reply.
4．charge vi.& vt.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
·charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪；因(做)……而控告/谴责某人 charge sb money for sth因某物/某事收某人钱 ·free of charge(＝for free)免费 in charge of掌管(表状态) in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责 take charge of掌管(表动作)
(1)How much money did the store charge you for these household goods
(2)Have you heard that our classmate Tom has been charged with being involved in the crime
(3)得知你将负责一个以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，我想为这次活动提出一些建议。
(2023·北京，书面表达)
Learning that you will be in charge of/take charge of a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”/a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” will be in the charge of you，I’d like to offer some suggestions for the event.
(4)上周我们就市民是否可以免费进入科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(应用文写作之议论文)
Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free.
5．involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加(involved adj.有关的；投入的；复杂的 involvement n．参与；投入)
·involve oneself in...参加…… involve doing...包括/需要做…… ·be/get involved in参与；卷入；专注于……
(1)The man said he involved himself in this affair by accident.
(2)This simple routine involves standing(stand) up from your desk，stretching(stretch) your arms，legs and back，and taking(take) a few deep breaths.(2024·浙江1月，应用文写作)
(3)所有师生都积极参加了这次越野赛跑。
All the teachers and students got actively involved in/involved themselves actively in the cross-country running race.
6．permit v．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证(permission n．允许，许可)
·permit sb (to do) sth 允许某人(做)某事 permit doing sth允许做某事 ·with/without one’s permission获得某人同意/未经某人许可 ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb请求某人许可
(1)It is requested that we should not be permitted to take(take) goods out of the container unless informed.
(2)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission(permit) to participate.
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
(3)没有老师的许可，你绝不能带手机到自习室。因此，如果你的确需要一部手机，你必须请求老师许可。另外，我们不允许大声说话，这会打扰别人。(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)
Without the teacher’s permission，you mustn’t take your smartphone to the self-study room.Thus，if you do need one，you must ask your teacher for permission/ask permission from your teacher.What’s more，we don’t permit talking loudly，which will disturb others.
(4)天气允许的话，将举办冬日远足活动来让我们接近大自然并提高我们的健康意识。(应用文写作之通知)
Weather permitting/If weather permits，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise our health awareness.
7．refer to 提到，谈及；参考，查阅(reference n．提及；参考，查阅)
·refer to...as...把……称作…… refer...to...把……送交给…… · in/with reference to关于 reference books/materials参考书/参考资料
(1)The Chinese refer to themselves and their language as Han，a name which originates from the Han Dynasty.
(2)Please wait patiently for a few days.We have referred your complaint to our supplier.
(3)I keep two reference(refer) books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典)．
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
(4)我写信向您寻求关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
I am writing to ask for your advice in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most.
8．put forward 提出，提议，建议
put aside忽视；搁置；储存 put off推迟；延期 put up with忍受；容忍 put away把……收起来，放回原处；储存 put on穿上；上演；增加 put up搭建；张贴；提高；留宿 put down放下；写下；镇压
(1)用put短语的正确形式填空
Learning that you have difficulty putting up with the unfamiliar surroundings，I am writing to share with you some suggestions.Firstly，you’d better put aside your negative emotions and actively participate in extra-curricular activities.Furthermore，never put off what should be done today until tomorrow .Also，putting down your academic goal and then putting up it in your classroom is also a good alternative.Last but not least，why not put away your textbooks and exercise books before leaving the classroom？I sincerely hope that you can adopt the above suggestions I have put forward.(应用文写作之建议信)
(2)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(动词不定式作后置定语)
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
2．Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.(过去分词短语作状语)
在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。
3．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments.(It was not until...that...强调句型)
然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。
4．Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu.(含蓄虚拟条件句)
如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。
5．Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.(it作形式宾语)
如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
在“take it for granted＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的用法有rely on/depend on/see to it＋that从句；appreciate it＋if从句；like/hate it＋when从句。
(1)A teacher shouldn’t take it for granted that every student has understood what he said in class.
(2)You can rely on my helping you when you are in trouble.
→You can rely on it that I will help you when you are in trouble.(含有it作形式宾语的复合句)
(3)如果您能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into consideration/account.
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共8分)
1．malaria n．疟疾
2．extract n．提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
3．bacteria n．细菌
4．lightning n．闪电
5．ribbon n．带子，丝带；带状物
6．evil n．罪恶，罪行；坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
7．mystery n．神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品
8．evolution n．进化；演变，发展
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共12分)
1．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的
2．deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
3．province n．省，省份
4．wisdom n．智慧，知识；才智；明智
5．household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n．一家人，家庭
6．postpone vt.延迟，延期
7．experiment n．实验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
8．conduct vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止
9．declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
10．publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布
11．charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
12．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共22分)
1．broad adj.广泛的；开阔的；广阔的；概括的→broadly adv.大体上；开心(笑)地→broaden vi.变宽 vt.增长；拓宽
2．involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj.有关的；投入的；复杂的→involvement n．参与；投入
3．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬
4．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的 vt.使摆脱；解放；解除→freely adv.自由地
5．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责的
6．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj.赞同的，支持的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的
7．scientific adj.科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
8．permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共6分)
1．through trial and error反复试验
2．put forward提出，提议，建议
3．make a difference有影响，起作用
4．thanks to 由于；幸亏
5．speed up(使)加速
6．with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1.5分，共27分)
1．Some people go abroad with the intention(intend) of trying their fortune，while others intend to learn(learn) some skills.
2．Luckily，the boy survived the disaster and he was the only survivor among the villagers.(survive)
3．The natural resources are limited.Therefore，we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit.(limit)
4．The surroundings of this village surrounded by mountains are suitable for human beings to live in.(surround)
5．He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence.And he thinks that this slow boy can be as intelligent as others if taught properly.(intelligent)
6．Everyone knows diverse benefits of learning English and if you work hard，it will be beneficial to your future career.(benefit)
7．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and should hand in their applications before the deadline.(apply)
8．At the end of the month，I managed to get through the exams and my pains paid off in the end.
9．As to how to learn English well，you’d better consult your teachers or some professionals.
10．We always take it for granted that the earth can provide us with limitless natural resources.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共15分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.中国著名科学家袁隆平致力于研发高产水稻品种，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。(分词短语作状语) 2.正是他的杂交水稻大大增加了中国的粮食产量，并帮助缓解了许多发展中国家的饥荒。(强调句型) 3.他的研究不仅改善了数百万人的生活质量，还有助于农业的可持续发展。(not only位于句首引起倒装) 4.如果没有他，现在中国许多地方的人们仍然会挨饿。(含蓄虚拟条件句) 1.Devoted to developing high-yield rice varieties，Yuan Longping，a renowned Chinese scientist，is referred to as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.2.It was his hybrid rice that greatly increased China’s food production and helped relieve hunger in many developing countries. Yuan’s work is extremely beneficial to China and the world.3.Not only has his research improved the quality of life for millions of people，but it has also contributed to the sustainable development of agriculture.Without him,4.people in many parts of China would still be hungry now.Moreover，his dedication to his work and his commitment to improving the lives of others are an inspiration to us all. Yuan’s story teaches us that with hard work，perseverance，and a passion for innovation，we can achieve great things.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．John worked tirelessly to pay off①his debts，and eventually his hard work paid off② as he succeeded in his business，only to face the difficult decision of having to pay off③ some staff members due to restructuring.
①偿清　②(努力)得到回报　③(付清工资后)解雇
2．After charging① my phone，I headed for the store，only to be charged② an unexpected fee for a service I hadn’t used.Annoyed，I charged③ towards the manager who was in charge④ of the store to confront him，ready to charge⑤ him with false advertising.
①vt.充电　②vt.收费　③vi.猛冲　④n.掌管　⑤vt.控告
3．To his credit①，by doing a part-time job，he not only paid back his credit② to the bank but also earned the required credits③ in advance.He credited④ all these to the support of his family and friends.
①n.赞扬　②n.借款，贷款　③n.学分　④ vt.把……归于
4．I involve① myself in the after-class activity which involves② 300 participants and taking part in the activity involves③ patience，determination and flexibility.
①vt.使参加　②vt.涉及，影响　③vt.包含，需要
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．To her credit，her father quit drinking at her request.
2．His limited(limit) salary can reveal that he lives in poverty.
3.Somehow，our teacher declared Tom，a naughty boy，to be(be) our monitor.
4．I would appreciate it if you could speed up to make me reach the airport in time.
5.To a certain extent，helping others is beneficial(benefit) to ourselves in the long run.
6.Obviously，the book published last month is intended(intend) for the disabled children.
7．To create cleaner surroundings(surround)，everyone should cut back on the carbon footprint.
8．If you want to know more with reference to the arrangements of the meeting，call me please.
9．The local council has refused permission(permit) to build a new entertainment park.
10．I’m in favour of your opinion that we should donate the food and tents to the people in disaster areas without delay.
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
Once upon a time，there was a man who 1.was admired(admire) by most people for his great scientific achievements.Since he was young，he had been interested in traditional Chinese medicine,2.intending(intend) to be a famous doctor.But because of poverty，he dropped out of school.He didn’t give up or let his parents down though.He continued to learn by himself.
Once some people in his village developed a deadly disease.To cure them，this intelligent man 3.referred(refer) to many books and through trial and error he eventually used some herbs to save them.Their 4.survival(survive) encouraged him so greatly that he began to do more scientific experiments，exploring a 5.broader(broad) world.At that time equipment was so limited that he couldn’t get sufficient data,6.but/yet he overcame these difficulties.A few years later，his efforts paid 7.off and he got credit from people！He wrote a nicely illustrated book and had it 8.published(publish)．He also gave lectures in different provinces，encouraging others to further explore 9.the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine，which can be 10.beneficial(benefit) to global health care.
假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美 The Beauty of Science ”为主题的首届校园科学节。请你给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1.举办时间；2.活动内容；3.师生反响。
完成句子
1．为了提高学生的科学意识，以“科学之美”为主题的科学节于上周在我校举行。(intended)
2．一位专家被邀请教我们如何制作机器人，之后学生们参与了丰富多彩的活动，比如编程机器人和设计机器人。(involve，“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
3．在其他活动方面，在不同的时间安排了有关先进技术的科学知识竞赛和讲座。(as to)
4．在这个节日上，我们还在现场欣赏了各种各样的装置，这些装置对我们的日常生活有很大的好处。(benefit，非限制性定语从句)
5．最令我们印象深刻的是这个节日让我们学生明白，追求科学是没有界限的。(what引导主语从句，不定式短语作定语)
6．这个节日不仅激励我们投身于科学，也提高了我们的创新意识。(apply，部分倒装)
组句成篇　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Intended to raise students’ awareness of science，the science festival themed“The Beauty of Science” was held in our school last week.
At the beginning，an expert was invited to teach us how to make robots，after which the students involved themselves in the colourful activities，such as programming robots and designing robots.As to other activities，scientific knowledge quizzes and lectures about advanced technologies were arranged at different time.At this festival，we also appreciated various devices on the spot，which are of great benefit to our daily life.What struck us most was the festival’s ability to make us students understand that there are no boundaries in the pursuit of science.
In conclusion，not only did the festival motivate us to apply ourselves to science but it also raised our awareness of innovation.
教材语料整合
亮词 [动作描写]　surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关　let sb down使某人失望　permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能　put forward提出，提议，建议
[环境描写]　lightning n．闪电　thunderstorm n．雷雨，雷暴　bang n．突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击
美句 1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(人物描写) 2.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up.(人物描写) 3.When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.(情感描写) 4.It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom；to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed；and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.(排比句式，主旨升华)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：失望与遗憾
单词 1.disappoint v．使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointed adj.失望的→disappointment n．失望；扫兴；令人失望的人/事 2.regret v．后悔，对……感到遗憾/惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔；失望→regretful adj.后悔的；失望的；遗憾的 3.sorry adj.遗憾的
词块 1.feel extremely disappointed感到失望极了 2.weep bitter tears of disappointment失望得痛哭流涕 3.hide one’s disappointment掩饰某人的失望 4.a look of disappointment/loneliness flashes across/spreads over one’s face某人脸上露出失望/孤独的表情 5.be overcome/consumed with disappointment＝be overwhelmed by disappointment非常失望 6.to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 7.a ripple of regret wells up inside sb某人心中泛起了一阵遗憾 8.tears of regret run/stream down one’s cheeks后悔的眼泪顺着某人的脸颊流下来
句型 1.Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself up in his room. 他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。 2.His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to pass the exam. 当得知自己没有通过考试时，他的心一沉。 3.The news that he didn’t get admitted immediately threw him into low spirits. 他没有被录取的消息立刻使他精神不振。 4.Seeing the disappointing result，he was extremely disappointed，tears of regret running/streaming down his cheeks.看到令人失望的结果，他非常失望，遗憾的眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。 5.It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me.How I wished I hadn’t said those words！就在那时，我的心中泛起了一阵后悔。我真希望我没有说那些话！
语料运用　科学精神
Edith is keen on science and invention.When she heard there was going to be a competition about invention and innovation，she ① signed up for it without hesitation.Edith spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure ②everyone would be amazed at her invention.However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it didn’t work as expected.③She was overcome with bitter disappointment at her failing to start the machine.When she looked around，④she found a look of disappointment flashing across/spreading over some judges’ faces(动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语)．Lowering her head，she was extremely frustrated，⑤a ripple of regret welling up inside her(独立主格)．She was about to leave when a judge approached her and ⑥comforted her in a gentle voice，“Don’t lose heart，honey.Failure is the mother of success.Bear in mind that ⑦success belongs to those who never give up(定语从句)．”
伊迪丝热衷于科学和发明。当她听说将有一场关于发明和创新的比赛时，她毫不犹豫地报名参加了。伊迪丝不遗余力地为此做准备，她相信每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶。然而，在比赛期间，当伊迪丝慢慢地打开机器时，它并没有像预期的那样运转起来。由于没能成功启动这台机器，她感到极度失望。当她环顾四周时，她发现一些评委的脸上掠过失望的表情。她低下头，沮丧极了，心中泛起一阵遗憾。她正要离开时，一位评委走过来，用温柔的声音安慰她：“亲爱的，别灰心。失败是成功之母。记住，成功属于那些永不放弃的人。”
单元主题组合练(1)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽亳州期末)
As the planet gets hotter，the need for cool living environments is becoming more urgent.But air conditioning is a major ①contributor to global warming since its units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.
Now，researchers from McGill University，UCLA and Princeton have found in a new study an inexpensive，sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants(制冷剂) in hot and dry climates，and a way to relieve dangerous heat waves during electricity blackouts.
The researchers set out to answer how to achieve a new benchmark(基准) in passive cooling inside naturally conditioned buildings in hot climates such as Southern California.As an attempt，they examined the use of roof materials that radiate(辐射) heat into the cold universe，even under direct sunlight，and how to combine them with temperature-driven ventilation(通风)．These cool radiator materials and coatings are often used to stop roofs overheating.Researchers have also used them to improve heat rejection from chillers.But there is untapped potential for integrating them into ②architectural design more fully，so they can not only reject indoor heat to outer space in a passive way，but also drive regular and healthy air changes.
“We found we could maintain air temperatures several degrees below the current surrounding temperature，and several degrees more below a reference ‘gold standard’ for passive cooling，” said Remy Fortin，lead author and PhD candidate at McGill University.“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.” This was a considerable challenge，considering air exchanges are a source of heating when the aim is to keep a room cooler than the outside.
The researchers hope the findings will be used to positively impact communities suffering from dangerous climate heating and heatwaves.“We hope that materials scientists，architects，and engineers will be interested in these results，and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for how to integrate breakthroughs in radiative cooling materials with simple but effective architectural solutions，” said Remy Fortin.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员发现一种廉价且绿色的制冷方案。
1．What might cause researchers to look for an alternative to air conditioning
A．The severe shortage of energy.
B．The greenhouse effect of air conditioning.
C．The increasing dangerous heatwaves.
D．The need for cool living environments.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But air conditioning is a major contributor to global warming since its units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.”可知，空调的温室效应可能促使研究人员寻找空调的替代品，故选B。
2．Why did researchers examine the use of roof materials
A．To obtain ideas for their research.
B．To prevent roofs from overheating.
C．To find the best material for roofs.
D．To make roofs well ventilated.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers set out to answer how to achieve...As an attempt，they examined the use of roof materials that radiate(辐射) heat into the cold universe...”可知，研究人员研究能辐射热量的屋顶材料的使用是想尝试解答如何在炎热气候下的自然条件建筑内实现被动冷却的新基准，即为他们的研究获取想法，故选A。
3．What is Remy’s attitude towards the new findings
A．Uncaring. B．Disapproving.
C．Positive. D．Worried.
答案　C
解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.”和最后一段中“We hope that materials scientists...be interested in these results，and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for...”可知，雷米对研究结果感到自豪，并希望更多学者对此感兴趣并进行进一步研究，由此可推知他对新发现的态度是积极的，故选C。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．An Effective Architectural Solution
B．A Major Contributor to Global Warming
C．A Sustainable Alternative to Air Conditioning
D．A More Complete Thinking for Cooling Materials
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二段“Now，researchers from...found in a new study an inexpensive，sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants...”可知，本文主要介绍科研人员发现一种比空调更加节能环保的制冷方案。C项“空调的可持续替代品”适合作标题，故选C。
语境猜词 ①contributor(派)＝contribut(e)＋or n．促成因素 ②architectural(合)＝architectur(e)＋al adj.建筑学的；建筑上的
B
(2024·湖南岳阳三模)
Rich variety exists in primates(灵长目动物)．Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains，gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra，lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar，and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide.Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a ①databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens(智人) to our closest evolutionary relatives，the primates.But researchers investigating diverse topics，from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins，have long faced a ②roadblock when pursuing this approach：While genomic data exists from millions of people，most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read.So，in 2019，Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology，in Barcelona，Spain，and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at the company Illumina，determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible.
Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America，Africa，and Asia.Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons，gorillas，gibbons，and more，representing nearly half the known primate species.
The data revealed insights about human origins and health，as well as primate conservation，published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023.One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease，based on whether nonhuman primates can live with those variants.According to Marquès-Bonet，“We now have a really good list of the ③foundations of our species and a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate—including humans.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们建立灵长目动物基因组数据库来研究DNA的差异。
5．What can we learn from paragraph 1
A．Primates vary mainly in habitats.
B．Scientists focus on the diversity of primates.
C．There are 233 species of primates in the world.
D．Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.”可知，有了灵长目动物的基因组数据库科学家才能研究DNA差异，所以灵长目动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要。故选D。
6．Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes
A．To cure human’s various genetic diseases.
B．To help human adapt to the environment.
C．To investigate the process of human evolution.
D．To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“To understand the good and bad of human evolution...scientists must compare the genomes of...most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read.”可知，科学家们建立基因组数据库是因为要通过与灵长目动物的对比来了解人类进化的利弊。故选D。
7．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The reasons for building the databank.
B．The process of building the databank.
C．The impacts of building the databank.
D．The difficulties in building the databank.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据第三段“Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples...Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank...”可知，这段介绍的是建立数据库的过程。故选B。
8．What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank
A．It still needs to be improved.
B．It is of great value to future research.
C．It is of little help to present research.
D．It is unclear whether it’s beneficial to humans.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Marquès-Bonet说的话“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species and a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate—including humans.”可推知他认为该数据库提供了关于灵长目动物的全面信息，对今后的研究具有重要的价值。故选B。
语境猜词 ①databank(合)＝data＋bank n．数据库 ②roadblock(合)＝road＋block n．路障；障碍 ③foundation(派)＝found＋ation n．基础
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique.It involves explaining what you’re learning to others.By teaching what you’ve learned from memory，you engage in active recall. 1 It also ensures that you understand the topic，because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it.The technique consists of four ①repeatable steps.
To begin，choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. 2 The more interested you are，the faster you’ll grasp it.Moreover，a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and ②engaged.
3 Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old.If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone，you can just teach it to an imaginary audience.But it works much better if you use a real person.They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear.
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. 4 Review your notes，reread books，or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.
Now that you fully grasp the concept，test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person.This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit.
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn. 5 You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else.However，with great efforts in mastering this method，you’ll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before.
A．It is mentally demanding.
B．This helps the information stick in your mind better.
C．Teach it to a five-year-old，who would give you direct feedback.
D．Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning.
E．Once you have chosen a topic，you can teach it to someone else.
F．Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning.
G．When this happens，refer back to the original material for the missing pieces.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发明的被称为费曼技巧的一种巧妙的学习方法。
1．答案　B
解析　由上文“By teaching what you’ve learned from memory，you engage in active recall.”和下文“It also ensures that...”可知，本空跟这种学习方法的好处有关，B选项能承接上文，且与下文形成并列关系，选项中的in your mind对应上文的from memory。故选B。
2．答案　D
解析　由下文“The more interested you are，the faster you’ll grasp it.”可知，本空跟“感兴趣和学习速度的关系”有关，D选项能引起下文。故选D。
3．答案　E
解析　由下文“Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old...They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear.”可知，本段主要跟“教别人”有关，E选项承接上一段的“选择话题”，并引起下文。故选E。
4．答案　G
解析　由上文“While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding.”可知，本空跟出现这种情况的解决办法有关，由下文“Review your notes，reread books，or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.”可知，应对办法是回顾资料，查漏补缺，G选项能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
5．答案　A
解析　由下文“You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else.However，with great efforts...”可知，费曼学习法要求高，需要付出很多努力，A选项能引起下文。故选A。
语境猜词 ①repeatable(派)＝repeat＋able adj.可重复的 ②engage(熟义：v.从事) 生义(文义)：v.吸引住(注意力)
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·河北邯郸三模)
Dr.Francis Collins is one of America’s leading scientists.In an interview，Dr.Collins was asked if there was any special spark or any moment in particular that 1 him to pursue a life of science.Dr.Collins 2 that in fact there was.He said that when he was in high school，on the first day of his first science course，the teacher ①handed each student a box 3 .The boxes were sealed on the outside and hollow on the inside.But each box 4 something.And as young Collins ②turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could 5 something rolling around inside.
What was it The teacher told the students that their 6 was to determine what was inside the box.They could 7 any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box.But they couldn’t 8 the box.They had to first find ways to 9 what was in the box.
“That’s what 10 is，” the teacher carefully 11 ，“being curious，and thinking of questions to ask，until you find out the answer.” Dr.Collins was 12 .He said that that day in class completely 13 his life.From then on，he was 14 to spending a life in science，where his job was to be 15 and ask lots of questions.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了柯林斯博士上高中时的一堂科学课，它彻底改变了他的人生轨迹，从那时起他就致力于科学研究。
1．A.forced B．inspired
C．ordered D．requested
答案　B
解析　force迫使；inspire鼓舞；order命令；request要求。根据上文“any special spark or”以及下文“him to pursue a life of science”并结合最后一段内容可知，柯林斯博士被问及是否有任何特别的火花或任何特别的时刻激励他追求科学。故选B。
2．A.doubted B．recognized
C．imagined D．replied
答案　D
解析　doubt怀疑；recognize认出；imagine想象；reply回复，回答。根据上文“In an interview，Dr.Collins was asked if”可知，柯林斯博士对该问题回答说，事实上是有的。故选D。
3．A.carefully B．hurriedly
C．secretly D．impatiently
答案　C
解析　carefully认真地；hurriedly匆匆地；secretly秘密地，神秘地；impatiently不耐烦地。根据下文“The teacher told the students that their was to determine what was inside the box.”可知，老师让学生自己去查明盒子里有什么，可推知是神秘地递给每个学生一个盒子。故选C。
4．A.represented B．meant
C．contained D．told
答案　C
解析　represent代表；mean 意味着；contain包含；tell告诉。根据下文“And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could something rolling around inside.”可知，每个盒子里都装着东西。故选C。
5．A.see B．hear
C．fancy D．monitor
答案　B
解析　see看；hear听；fancy想象；monitor监测。根据上文“The boxes were sealed”可知，盒子被密封了，所以只能听到里面有东西在滚动。故选B。
6．A.campaign B．desire
C．ambition D．assignment
答案　D
解析　campaign战役；desire愿望；ambition抱负；assignment任务。根据下文“to determine what was inside the box”可知，老师告诉学生他们的任务是确定盒子里是什么。故选D。
7．A.avoid B．design
C．pass D．mark
答案　B
解析　avoid避免；design设计，构思；pass通过；mark标记。要弄清楚盒子里面到底是什么，他们可以设计任何一种测试。故选B。
8．A.open B．roll
C．throw D．hit
答案　A
解析　open打开；roll滚动；throw扔；hit打击。根据But可知，他们可以用测试或提问的方式，但不能直接打开盒子。故选A。
9．A.pick up B．draw on
C．figure out D．stick to
答案　C
解析　pick up拾起；draw on利用；figure out弄清楚；stick to坚持。根据上文“They could ______ any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box.”可知，他们必须先想办法弄清楚盒子里是什么。故选C。
10．A.experiment B．science
C．education D．study
答案　B
解析　experiment实验；science科学；education教育；study学习。根据上文“his first science course”可知，老师在解释科学。故选B。
11．A.answered B．apologized
C．argued D．explained
答案　D
解析　answer回答；apologize道歉；argue争论；explain解释。由上文“That’s what ______ is”和下文“being curious...the answer”可知，此处指老师认真解释道。故选D。
12．A.attracted B．confused
C．frightened D．disappointed
答案　A
解析　attract吸引；confuse使困惑；frighten使惊吓；disappoint使失望。根据下文“From then on，he was to spending a life in science”可知，柯林斯博士之后一直从事科学，所以是被吸引住了。故选A。
13．A.controlled B．improved
C．saved D．changed
答案　D
解析　control控制；improve提高；save挽救；change改变。根据下文“From then on，he was ______ to spending a life in science”可知，那一天彻底改变了他的生活。故选D。
14．A.opposed B．exposed
C．committed D．used
答案　C
解析　oppose反对；expose暴露；commit犯(错误或罪行)；use使用。be committed to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事。根据下文“spending a life in science”可知，从那时起，他就致力于科学研究。故选C。
15．A.curious B．smart
C．generous D．optimistic
答案　A
解析　curious好奇的；smart聪明的；generous慷慨的；optimistic乐观的。根据上文“being curious”可知，他的工作就是保持好奇。故选A。
语境猜词 ①hand(转)n.→v.递 ②turn sth on its side把某物翻转过来
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. 1.____________ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water，ecology and human activity，aiming 2.____________ (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ①ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
3．____________ (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia，the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China.It is also a natural laboratory for 4.____________ (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life，and the relationship between man and Earth.5.____________ an important part of the research，the ongoing expedition is 6.____________ (particular) important to the study of the impact of ②climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world.
The expedition focuses on major scientific 7.____________ (issue)，such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming，according to Yao Tandong,8.____________ is the team leader.“The expedition has realized the 9.____________ (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’，achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said.So far，many scientific achievements 10.____________(make)．
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学家已开始对珠穆朗玛峰进行多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。
1．答案　A
解析　考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语a total of(总共)，句首单词首字母大写。故填A。
2．答案　to reveal
解析　考查不定式。分析句子可知，此处为固定用法aim to do sth(旨在做某事)，故填to reveal。
3．答案　Labeled/Labelled
解析　考查过去分词。非谓语动词label和逻辑主语the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Labeled/Labelled。
4．答案　conducting
解析　考查动名词。作介词for的宾语，用动名词形式。故填conducting。
5．答案　As
解析　考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“作为”，后跟名词短语，所以用介词as，句首单词首字母大写。故填As。
6．答案　particularly
解析　考查副词。副词particularly作状语，修饰形容词important。故填particularly。
7．答案　issues
解析　考查名词复数。作介词on的宾语，所以用名词issue(问题)，为可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词复数表示泛指。故填issues。
8．答案　who
解析　考查定语从句。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。
9．答案　transformation
解析　考查名词。设空处作has realized的宾语，用名词transformation(转变)，此处特指从想要征服到想要了解这一转变，用单数。故填transformation。
10．答案　have been made
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知用现在完成时态，主语many scientific achievements和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been made。
语境猜词 ①ecological(派)＝ecolog(y)＋i＋cal adj.生态的，生态学的 ②climatic(派)＝climat(e)＋ic adj.气候的，与气候有关的
单元主题组合练(2)
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·河南济洛平许四市三模)
For most people，a minor wound will be relatively harmless.After some time the wound will heal and disappear without leaving any visible evidence on the skin.But it is not so simple for everybody.Diabetics(糖尿病患者) and elderly people with reduced blood circulation may have far greater issues when it comes to wound healing.However，scientists have introduced a new weapon against such extreme wound reactions.
Swedish scientists from Chalmers University of Technology have developed a technology which can stimulate wound healing so that it can happen more rapidly.The technique involves electrifying the skin.“Long-standing wounds make up a severe problem that we do not hear very much about，” says Associate Professor Maria Asplund from Chalmers University of Technology，who ①headed the project.“We have now found a method that can make wounds heal up to three times faster，which could be a ②gamechanger for elderly people and diabetics，who often have wounds that cannot heal.”
To test this，the Chalmers researchers made a kind of biochip(生物芯片) on which they grew skin cells.They then made small wounds in the artificial skin and tested how fast the wound healing happened when they either passed electricity through the chip or did not.The results showed the healing process happening three times faster in the presence of electricity.
The scientists will now receive funds to continue their research beyond the lab.“At the moment we are investigating how different skin cells react to electrical stimulation to take a step closer to realistic wounds，” says Asplund.“We aim to develop a concept that allows us to examine wounds and ③personalize the electrical stimulation to individual wound types.We are convinced that this is the way to help people with slow-healing wounds.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞典科学家利用电流刺激加速伤口愈合的研究。
1．Who will most benefit from the new technology
A．People who get wounded easily.
B．People who have heart attack.
C．People with high blood sugar.
D．People with high blood pressure.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Diabetics(糖尿病患者) and elderly people with reduced blood circulation...a new weapon against such extreme wound reactions.”可知，糖尿病患者和血液循环变差的老年人的伤口愈合得较慢，由此可知这两类人将从这项新技术中获益最多。故选C。
2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about the test
A．Its purpose. B．Its benefits.
C．Its conditions. D．Its method.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第三段“To test this，the Chalmers researchers made a kind of biochip(生物芯片) on which they grew skin cells.They then made small wounds...tested how fast...The results showed...”可知，本段主要讲述了这项测试的方法和过程。故选D。
3．What does Asplund think of wound healing with electricity
A．Debatable. B．Limited.
C．Representative. D．Hopeful.
答案　D
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Asplund说的“We are convinced that this is the way to help people with slow-healing wounds.”可知，Asplund认为这是帮助伤口愈合缓慢的人的方法。由此推知，Asplund对用电愈合伤口抱有极大的希望。故选D。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．New Technology Helps Wounded People
B．New Weapon Cures Slow-healing Wounds
C．Electricity Heals Wounds Three Times Faster
D．Diabetics and the Elderly Suffer Wound Healing
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第三段中“The results showed the healing process happening three times faster in the presence of electricity.”可知，文章主要讲述了瑞典科学家开发的一种新技术通过电流刺激使伤口愈合速度提高三倍。由此可知，C项“电流三倍快地愈合伤口”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
语境猜词 ①head(转)n.→v.领导，主管 ②gamechanger(合＋派)＝game＋change＋r n．游戏规则改变者 ③personalize(派)＝personal＋ize v．使个性化
B
Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sounds underwater.
Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida，the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to ①document 729 mammals(哺乳动物)，fishes，and invertebrates(无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds.In addition，the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds.
“With more than 70% of the Earth’s surface covered by water，most of the planet’s habitats are aquatic(水中的)，and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent.The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science，” the researchers said.
“Listening to underwater sounds can reveal a lot of information about the species that produce them and is useful for a variety of applications，ranging from fisheries management，②invasive species detection to assessing human environmental impacts，” said Looby，who also ③co-created FishSounds，which offers a collection of fish sound production research.
The team’s research was published in Scientific Data and involved 19 authors from six countries.“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance，and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal，” said Kieran Cox，a member of the research team.
“Most people are familiar with whale or dolphin sounds but are often surprised to learn that many fishes and invertebrates use sounds to communicate，too，” Looby said.“Our database helps demonstrate how widespread underwater sound production really is across a variety of animals，but we still have a lot to learn.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究。
5．Why is the data listed in paragraph 2
A．To show the types of biological sounds.
B．To show the sum of documents on animals.
C．To show the species of underwater animals.
D．To show the number of the sound-producing species.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“Led by Audrey Looby...document 729 mammals(哺乳动物)，fishes，and invertebrates(无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds.In addition，the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds.”可知，第二段的数据是为了说明发声物种的数量。故选D。
6．What is people’s misunderstanding according to the text
A．Many mammals can live in water.
B．Most fishes cannot make sounds.
C．Different species can communicate.
D．Ocean animals can’t get onto the land.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent”可知，人们误解大多数水生生物是不会发出声音的。故选B。
7．What does the underlined phrase “that goal” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．To document ocean animals’ sounds.
B．To set up a free database for scientists.
C．To learn how ocean animals communicate.
D．To publish the team’s research in Scientific Data.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段中“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance，and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal”可知，that goal指的是前面提到的“理解海洋物种如何与环境交流”。故选C。
8．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To call on people to protect ocean animals.
B．To introduce the finding of a research team.
C．To list the animals that can produce sounds.
D．To describe the mysterious underwater world.
答案　B
解析　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容和第三段中的“The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science”可知，本文主要讲的是一支科研团队创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，因此本文的主要目的是介绍研究团队的新发现，故选B。
语境猜词 ①document(转)n.→v.记录，记载 ②invasive(派)＝inva(de)＋s＋ive adj.侵入的 ③co-create(派)＝co＋create v．共同创建
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东名校联盟模拟预测)
The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them.As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss，①look for the silver linings. 1
Going through difficulties requires courage and determination.You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn’t know you possessed to overcome the challenges. 2 That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.
Coming out the other side of troublesome times gives you a fresh outlook.Priorities shift. 3 You have a deeper appreciation for life’s simple moments and clarity about what matters.Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day. 4 The old way of doing things no longer works，so you must rebuild and reimagine your life.Though change is hard，it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures.Look at this as a chance for a fresh start.You can pursue new dreams or make a long-wished-for switch in your situation.The future is unwritten.
Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives.You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens.Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties. 5 Your sympathy can make a real difference.
A．Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.
B．They’re there if you are bent on searching for them.
C．Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.
D．Storms shape us，but the silver linings make us suffer.
E．What seemed important before now ②pales in comparison.
F．Now you know you have the inner power to ③weather storms.
G．This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何发现生活中的挑战留下的礼物。
1．答案　B
解析　空前“The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we...look for the silver linings.”表示生活中的风暴会给我们留下礼物，风暴过后我们应该寻找积极的一面，B选项“如果你决心寻找它们，它们就在那里”能承接上文，该选项中They和them指代前文的the silver linings。故选B。
2．答案　F
解析　空前表示经历挑战需要勇气和决心，你必须深入挖掘，找到你不知道自己拥有的力量，F选项“现在你知道你有经受住风暴的内在力量”为深入挖掘的结果，且后文中That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities与F项相呼应。故选F。
3．答案　E
解析　空前提到重点发生了转变，E选项“以前看起来重要的东西现在显得逊色了”为前文讲到重点的转变的具体内容，符合语境。故选E。
4．答案　A
解析　空后“The old way of doing things no longer works，so you must rebuild and reimagine your life.”提到旧的做事方法不再奏效，你需要重建你的生活，空处应引出下文，A选项“剧变往往会导致转变”符合语境。故选A。
5．答案　C
解析　空前建议利用自己的经验帮助周围的人面对困难，C选项“主动倾听，和他们分享你的故事”为具体的方法。故选C。
语境猜词 ①look for the silver linings寻找一线希望 ②pale in comparison相形见绌；显得逊色 ③weather(熟义：n.天气) 生义(文义)：v.经受住，平安度过
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
My work in cancer research was generating a lot of waste every day.As our research turned to full capacity，our waste production 1 .
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of 2 3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste.She 3 me and then I ①secured funding to purchase recycling equipment.But after months of 4 ，the project didn’t go as I had imagined and ②progressed slowly.So it was a welcome 5 when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental 6 .
We created a group to push for greener ways to 7 .We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions.Over the following months，we 8 new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted 9 .We created rules for each device to be ③energy-efficient.I’m still disappointed that I couldn’t fully realize my 3D-printing 10 .I am stubborn enough to keep trying.But I’ve also learned that if one approach isn’t working，sometimes it’s best to 11 and look for other solutions.I’m thankful that with the help of the 12 community around me，we are able to do that.
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the 13 impact of their own research.The work we do is important.But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can.After all，what 14 does our science have if，ultimately，there remains no 15 planet we can call our home
语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文讲述了作者在研究工作中意识到每日产生大量废物的问题，并和团队成员共同努力，采取了诸多措施减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学家们避免对地球造成伤害。
1．A.returned B．declined
C．stabilized D．rocketed
答案　D
解析　return返回；decline下降；stabilize稳定；rocket迅速上升。根据上文“My work in cancer research was generating a lot of waste every day.As our research turned to full capacity”可知，作者的研究工作每天都会产生大量废弃物，随着他们的工作全面展开，废弃物的生产量会迅速上升。故选D。
2．A.creating B．buying
C．borrowing D．renting
答案　A
解析　create创造；buy购买；borrow借用；rent出租。根据空后“3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste”以及“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多，所以他建议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工具。故选A。
3．A.suspected B．criticized
C．encouraged D．comforted
答案　C
解析　suspect怀疑；criticize批评；encourage鼓励；comfort安慰。根据句中“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者的导师同意了他的建议，并鼓励了他，让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。故选C。
4．A.struggle B．discussion
C．training D．confusion
答案　A
解析　struggle努力；discussion讨论；training训练；confusion混乱。根据句中“the project didn’t go as I had imagined and progressed slowly”可知，虽然作者努力了几个月，但是这个项目进展缓慢。故选A。
5．A.source B．relief
C．target D．success
答案　B
解析　source来源；relief(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；target目标；success成功。根据下文“when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental ”可知，作者的方法并没有起作用，所以当同事们讨论其他的方法时，作者感到松了一口气。故选B。
6．A.distribution B．option
C．phase D．footprint
答案　D
解析　distribution分布；option选项；phase阶段；footprint足迹。根据上文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of 3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知，同事们也提出一些减少环境足迹的方法。 “footprint”在此指的是对环境造成的影响。故选D。
7．A.cure B．defend
C．operate D．negotiate
答案　C
解析　cure治愈；defend保卫；operate实施；negotiate谈判。根据下文“we new recycling bins to each lab...We created rules for each device to be energy-efficient”可知，这个小组是要推动实施更环保的方法。故选C。
8．A.commented B．introduced
C．moved D．knocked
答案　B
解析　comment评论；introduce引入；move移动；knock敲。根据空后“new recycling bins to each lab”可知，此处指在每间实验室引入了新的回收箱。故选B。
9．A.properly B．typically
C．naturally D．annually
答案　A
解析　properly正确地；typically通常地；naturally自然地；annually每年地。根据上文“we new recycling bins to each lab”可知，作者向实验室引入了新的回收箱，是为了能够正确地给塑料废弃物分类。故选A。
10．A.recipe B．prevention
C．vision D．association
答案　C
解析　recipe配方；prevention预防；vision设想；association协会。根据上文“But after months of ，the project didn’t go as I had imagined and progressed slowly.”可知，作者以前提出的利用废弃物进行3D打印的设想并没有实现。故选C。
11．A.set off B．speak out
C．hold on D．step back
答案　D
解析　set off出发；speak out说出；hold on继续；step back后退一步。根据下文“and look for other solutions”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通，所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步，寻找新的方法。故选D。
12．A.local B．academic
C．final D．new
答案　B
解析　local本地的；academic学术的；final最终的；new新的。根据上文“My work in cancer research”和“co-workers”可知，作者是科研工作者，受到了同事们的帮助，所以此处指学术界的帮助。故选B。
13．A.fundamental B．historical
C．environmental D．financial
答案　C
解析　fundamental基础的；historical历史的；environmental环境的；financial财政的。根据上文的“when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental ”可知，作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自己的研究对环境的影响。故选C。
14．A.significance B．possibility
C．fortune D．depth
答案　A
解析　significance意义；possibility可能性；fortune财富；depth深度。根据下文“if，ultimately，there remains no planet we can call our home”可知，作者觉得如果地球都不存在了，那么科学研究就没有意义了。故选A。
15．A.broad B．supportive
C．different D．particular
答案　B
解析　broad宽的；supportive支持的；different不同的；particular特别的。根据全文语境可知，作者强调科研的环保和可持续性，结合常识可推知此处用“supportive planet”指能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球。故选B。
语境猜词 ①secure(转)adj.→v.获得，得到 ②progress(转)n.→v.进展 ③energy-efficient(合)＝energy＋efficient adj.节能的，节约能源的
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·浙江绍兴二模)
To write his own medical text，Li Shizhen ①referenced over 800 medical texts，countless books on history and geography，and works of literature.He even studied the complete works of many ancient poets，from 1.____________ he selected a surprising number of verses about medicine. However，the greatest issue he encount(共98张PPT)
Scientists who changed the world
必修第三册　 Unit 4
内容索引
过基础　知识排查
查重点　夯基固本
提能力　主题写作
过基础　知识排查
Part One
含义
n.共和国，共和政体
词汇
republic
过关
必备词汇
含义
adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
词汇
deadly
含义
n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
词汇
survival
延伸
拓展
survive vi.生存 vt.幸存，幸免于难
[派]survivor n.幸存者
含义
n.省，省份
词汇
province
含义
adj.广泛的；广阔的；开阔的；概括的
词汇
broad
延伸
拓展
[派]broadly adv.大体上；开心(笑)地
broaden vi.变宽 vt.增长；拓宽
broaden one’s horizons拓宽某人的视野
broadly speaking大体上说
含义
n.提取物；选录
vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
词汇
extract
含义
n.药草，香草；草本
词汇
herb
延伸
拓展
[派]herbal adj.药草的，香草的
含义
n.实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
词汇
experiment
含义
n.试用，试验；审讯；考验
vi.& vt.测试，试验
词汇
trial
延伸
拓展
on trial受审；在试验中；试用
含义
adj.有限的；受(……的)限制
词汇
limited
延伸
拓展
limit n.限制；极限 vt.限制
[派]limitation n.限制；局限
limitless adj.无限的
limit...to...将……限制在(某范围内)
含义
adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的
n.一家人，家庭
词汇
household
含义
n.容器；集装箱，货柜
词汇
container
延伸
拓展
contain vt.包含；容纳
含义
vt.延迟，延期
词汇
postpone
延伸
拓展
[同]put off，delay
postpone doing sth延迟做某事
含义
adj.足够的，充足的
词汇
sufficient
延伸
拓展
[同]adequate
[派]sufficiency n.充足；足量
含义
n.数据，资料，材料
词汇
data
含义
(使)加速
词汇
speed up
延伸
拓展
[同]accelerate
含义
成功，奏效，达到目的；偿清；付清工资后解雇，遣散
词汇
pay off
含义
n.错误，差错
词汇
error
延伸
拓展
through trial and error反复试验
含义
adj.有益的，有用的
词汇
beneficial
延伸
拓展
benefit n.益处
vt.对……有益处 vi.得益于
be beneficial to＝be of benefit to对……有益
含义
vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止
词汇
conduct
延伸
拓展
[派]illustration n.图解；插图
含义
vt.说明，解释；加插图于
词汇
illustrate
含义
vt.表明，暗示；提及；指出
词汇
indicate
延伸
拓展
[派]indication n.表明；暗示
含义
n.意外，偶然的事；事故
词汇
accident
延伸
拓展
[派]accidental adj.意外的；偶然的
accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地
by accident＝by chance偶然，意外地
含义
adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的
词汇
intelligent
延伸
拓展
[派]intelligence n.才智；智慧
artificial intelligence人工智能
含义
n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者
词汇
politician
延伸
拓展
politics n.政治(学)
[派]political adj.政治的
含义
n.电，电能
词汇
electricity
延伸
拓展
electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的
[派]electrical adj.电器科学的；与电有关的
含义
n.学说；原理；看法
词汇
theory
延伸
拓展
in theory理论上
含义
n.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击
vi.& vt.砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞
词汇
bang
延伸
拓展
The Big Bang Theory大爆炸宇宙论
with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
含义
adj.突出的
n.突出的人(或物)
词汇
standout
延伸
拓展
[同]outstanding，excellent，brilliant
含义
adj.原子的；原子能的
词汇
atomic
延伸
拓展
atom n.原子
含义
n.炸弹；核武器
vt.轰炸
词汇
bomb
含义
n.罪恶，罪行；害处
adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
词汇
evil
延伸
拓展
science n.科学
[派]scientist n.科学家
scientifically adv.科学地
含义
adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的
词汇
scientific
含义
n.赞扬，认可；信用；借款，贷款；学分
vt.存入金额 ；把……归于
词汇
credit
延伸
拓展
to one’s credit使值得赞扬
含义
adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的
n.品行，道德；寓意
词汇
moral
延伸
拓展
[反]immoral adj.不道德的
[派]morally adv.道德上
含义
vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关
词汇
apply
延伸
拓展
[派]applicant n.申请人
application n.应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹
含义
vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定
词汇
negate
延伸
拓展
[派]negative adj.消极的，反面的；否定的；负的；阴性的
含义
adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的
n.知识分子，脑力劳动者
词汇
intellectual
延伸
拓展
[派]mysterious adj.神秘的；不易解释的
含义
n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品
词汇
mystery
含义
使某人失望
词汇
let sb down
含义
n.无知
词汇
ignorance
延伸
拓展
ignore vt.忽视；不理睬
[派]ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的
be ignorant of...对……无知
含义
关于，至于
词汇
as to
延伸
拓展
[同]as for
含义
想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
词汇
take it for granted
含义
n.权威，权力；官方
词汇
authority
延伸
拓展
responsible adj.负责的
含义
n.责任，负责；职责，义务
词汇
responsibility
含义
vt.表明，宣称；公布；申报
词汇
declare
延伸
拓展
declare...to be/as...宣布……为……
declare war on/against...向……宣战
declare for/against表示赞成/反对……
It is declared that...据宣布……
含义
n.国籍；民族
词汇
nationality
延伸
拓展
nation n.国家；民族
[派]national adj.国家的；全国的；民族的
含义
n.进化；演变，发展
词汇
evolution
延伸
拓展
evolve vt.& vi.(使)进化；(使)逐渐演变
含义
vt.出版，发行；发表；公布
词汇
publish
延伸
拓展
[派]publisher n.出版人(或机构)
含义
n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态
词汇
marriage
延伸
拓展
marry v.结婚
[派]married adj.已婚的；婚姻的
含义
n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智
词汇
wisdom
延伸
拓展
wise adj.有智慧的；明智的
[派]wisely adv.明智地；精明地
含义
n.自由
词汇
freedom
延伸
拓展
free adj.自由的；免费的
vt.使摆脱；解放；解除
[派]freely adv.自由地
be free to do sth自由地做某事
free sb of/from sth使某人摆脱某事；使某人免于某事
名词后缀-dom：表示“状态；地位；领域”，它主要加在名词和形容词后面。wisdom/freedom是由形容词wise/free加上后缀-dom组成的，类似的还有：kingdom n.王国；dukedom n.公爵的地位；boredom n.无聊，厌倦。
(1)Was there one moment when you knew you were on the way to stardom
(2)In the current Chinese filmdom，Zhang Ailing’s film idea would give us meaningful enlightenment.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
_____________
_________
n.明星的地位
n.电影业
1.In 1969，in order to solve the problem of treating malaria，Tu Youyou took on the job as head of a research team.
2.Penicillin is one of the antibiotics that can treat the infection.
3.He would dampen the clay and begin to mould it into an entirely different shape.
4.It is an effective treatment for the bacteria and does kill it off.
5.Weather forecasts predict more hot weather，gusty winds，and lightning strikes.
阅读词汇
识记
_____
_______
_____
_____
_____
疟疾
青霉素
塑造
细菌
闪电
6.One hot summer afternoon，he was taking a walk when a thunderstorm started all at once，making him look like a drowned rat.
7.As a heavy metal，radium is chemically poisonous in addition to being radioactively poisonous.
_____
_____
雷雨
金属
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
探究
重点词汇
intend
1
vt.& vi.计划，想要；意指[intended adj.意欲达到的；为……打算(或设计)的 intention n.目的；意图；打算]
·intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth(＝intended to have done sth)本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
·be intended for/to do sth 旨在；为……打算(或设计)的
·with the intention of抱有……的目的；打算……
(1)I intend (take) up a part-time job，through which I can have broad horizons.
taking/to take
(2)The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended the foreign students who are interested in Chinese culture.
(3)The GPNP is intended (provide) stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
for
to provide
(4)为了促进中英文化交流，我们学校计划举办一场名为“Chinese Workshop”的活动。
Our school plans to organize an activity entitled “Chinese Workshop”
____________________________________________________________________.
(5)我本来打算在上午9点赶到汽车站，但没有成功，我太沮丧了，无法控制自己的眼泪。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
I the bus station at 9 am，but in vain; so depressed was I that I couldn’t contain my tears.
with the intention of promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK
had intended to make it to/intended to have made it to
surround
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded with/by被……包围
vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关(surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n.环境)
2
(1)He is a brilliant figure，who is well-educated and brought up in superior (surround).
(2) (surround) by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
surroundings
Being surrounded
(3)受到这奇妙景色的启发，我决定创作一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的花朵。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
Inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond，________________
.
(which is)
surrounded by/with blooming flowers
favour(AmE favor)
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮一个忙
do a favour for sb＝do sb a favour给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙
owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情
in favour of支持，赞同；有利于
n.帮助；偏袒；赞同vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于(favourable adj.赞同的，支持的；有利的 favourite n.特别喜爱的人或事物 adj.最喜爱的，最喜欢的)
(1)I liked traveling in France，but when it came to picking my ________
(favor) spot to settle，Italy was the clear winner.
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
favourite
3
(2)I am all favour of supplying the homeless with food and water free of charge.
(3)当我请出租车司机帮个忙时，他毫不犹豫地帮助了我，我感动得一句话也说不出来了。我欠他一个人情。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
When I ，he assisted me without hesitation and I was too moved to utter a word; I .
in
asked the taxi driver a favour/asked a favour of the taxi driver
owed him a favor
(4)我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙，来指导我们如何表演这个短剧。期待您的早日回复。(应用文写作之求助信)
We sincerely hope and come to guide us how to perform the short play.Looking forward to your early reply.
you can do us a favour/do a favour for us
charge
·charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪；因
　(做)……而控告/谴责某人
　charge sb money for sth因某物/某事收某人钱
·free of charge(＝for free)免费
　in charge of掌管(表状态)
　in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责
　take charge of掌管(表动作)
vi.& vt.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
(1)How much money did the store charge you these household goods
for
4
(2)Have you heard that our classmate Tom has been charged ________
being involved in the crime
(3)得知你将负责一个以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，我想为这次活动提出一些建议。
(2023·北京，书面表达)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，I’d like to offer some suggestions for the event.
with
Learning that you will be in charge of/take charge of a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”/a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” will be in the charge of you
(4)上周我们就市民是否可以免费进入科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(应用文写作之议论文)
Last week we had a heated debate about _________________________
.
whether citizens can access
the Science Museum free of charge/for free
involve
·involve oneself in...参加……
　involve doing...包括/需要做……
·be/get involved in参与；卷入；专注于……
vt.包含；牵涉，影响 ；(使)参加(involved adj.有关的；投入的；复杂的 involvement n.参与；投入)
5
(1)The man said he involved himself this affair by accident.
(2)This simple routine involves (stand) up from your desk，
(stretch) your arms，legs and back，and (take) a few deep breaths.
(2024·浙江1月，应用文写作)
in
standing
stretching
taking
(3)所有师生都积极参加了这次越野赛跑。
All the teachers and students __________________________________
the cross-country running race.
got actively involved in/involved
themselves actively in
permit
·permit sb (to do) sth 允许某人(做)某事
　permit doing sth允许做某事
·with/without one’s permission获得某人同意/未经某人许可
　ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb请求某人许可
v.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证(permission n.允许，许可)
6
(1)It is requested that we should not be permitted (take) goods out of the container unless informed.
(2)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused ___________
(permit) to participate. (2024·新课标Ⅱ)
to take
permission
(3)没有老师的许可，你绝不能带手机到自习室。因此，如果你的确需要一部手机，你必须请求老师许可。另外，我们不允许大声说话，这会打扰别人。
(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)
，you mustn’t take your smartphone to the self-study room.Thus，if you do need one，you must ________
.What’s more，we ，which will disturb others.
Without the teacher’s permission
ask your
teacher for permission/ask permission from your teacher
don’t permit talking loudly
(4)天气允许的话，将举办冬日远足活动来让我们接近大自然并提高我们的健康意识。(应用文写作之通知)
，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise our health awareness.
Weather permitting/If weather permits
refer to
·refer to...as...把……称作……
　refer...to...把……送交给……
·in/with reference to关于
　reference books/materials参考书/参考资料
提到，谈及；参考，查阅(reference n.提及；参考，查阅)
7
(1)The Chinese refer to themselves and their language Han，a name which originates from the Han Dynasty.
(2)Please wait patiently for a few days.We have referred your complaint
our supplier.
as
to
(3)I keep two (refer) books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
(4)我写信向您寻求关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
I am writing to ask for your advice ______________________________
.
reference
in/with reference to what kinds of
traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most
put forward
put aside忽视；搁置；储存
put off推迟；延期
put up with忍受；容忍
put away把……收起来，放回原处；储存
put on穿上；上演；增加
put up搭建；张贴；提高；留宿
put down放下；写下；镇压
提出，提议，建议
8
(1)用put短语的正确形式填空
Learning that you have difficulty the unfamiliar surroundings，I am writing to share with you some suggestions.Firstly，you’d better your negative emotions and actively participate in extra-curricular activities.Furthermore，never what should be done today until tomorrow .Also， your academic goal and then it in your classroom is also a good alternative.
Last but not least，why not your textbooks and exercise books before leaving the classroom？I sincerely hope that you can adopt the above suggestions I have .(应用文写作之建议信)
putting up with
put aside
put off
putting down
putting up
put away
put forward
(2)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
up
1
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(动词不定式作后置定语)
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
悟通
经典句式
2
Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.(过去分词短语作状语)
在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。
3
However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments.(It was not until...that...强调句型)
然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。
Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu.(含蓄虚拟条件句)
如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。
4
5
Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.(it作形式宾语)
如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
在“take it for granted＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的用法有rely on/depend on/see to it＋that从句；appreciate it＋if从句；like/hate it＋when从句。
(1)A teacher shouldn’t take for granted that every student has understood what he said in class.
(2)You can rely on my helping you when you are in trouble.
→ I will help you when you are in trouble.(含有it作形式宾语的复合句)
(3)如果您能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You can rely on it that
I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into consideration/
account.
it
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.malaria
2.extract
3.bacteria
4.lightning
5.ribbon
6.evil
7.mystery
8.evolution
词汇默写
默写巩固
_______
____________________________________________
_______
_______
_____________________
_____________________________________________
__________________________________
___________________
n.疟疾
n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
n.细菌
n.闪电
n.带子，丝带；带状物
n.罪恶，罪行；坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品
n.进化；演变，发展
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. adj.足够的，充足的
2. adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
3. n.省，省份
4. n.智慧，知识；才智；明智
5. adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的
n.一家人，家庭
6. vt.延迟，延期
sufficient
deadly
province
wisdom
household
postpone
7. n.实验；尝试，实践
vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
8. vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止
9. vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
10. vt.出版，发行；发表；公布
11. vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承
担责任；使充满
n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
12. n.赞扬，认可；信用
vt.存入金额；把……归于
experiment
conduct
declare
publish
charge
credit
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. adj.广泛的；开阔的；广阔的；概括的
→ adv.大体上；开心(笑)地
→ vi.变宽 vt.增长；拓宽
2. vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加
→ adj.有关的；投入的；复杂的
→ n.参与；投入
broad
broadly
broaden
involve
involved
involvement
3. n.无知
→ adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的
→ vt.忽视；不理睬
4. n.自由
→ adj.自由的；免费的 vt.使摆脱；解放；解除
→ adv.自由地
5. n.责任，负责；职责，义务
→ adj.负责的
ignorance
ignorant
ignore
freedom
free
freely
responsibility
responsible
6. vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞
同；偏袒
→ adj.赞同的，支持的；有利的
→ adj.最喜爱的
7. adj.科学的；细致严谨的
→ n.科学
→ n.科学家
8. vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证
→ n.允许，许可
favour
favourable
favourite
scientific
science
scientist
permit
permission
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 反复试验
2. 提出，提议，建议
3. 有影响，起作用
4. 由于；幸亏
5. (使)加速
6. 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
through trial and error
put forward
make a difference
thanks to
speed up
with a bang
语境运用
默写巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Some people go abroad with the (intend) of trying their fortune，while others intend (learn) some skills.
2.Luckily，the boy the disaster and he was the only _________
among the villagers.(survive)
3.The natural resources are .Therefore，we have no reason to waste the precious resources without .(limit)
4.The of this village by mountains are suitable for human beings to live in.(surround)
intention
to learn
survived
survivor
limited
limit
surroundings
surrounded
5.He believes that all children are born with equal .And he thinks that this slow boy can be as as others if taught properly.
(intelligent)
6.Everyone knows diverse of learning English and if you work hard，it will be to your future career.(benefit)
7.All the can in person or by letter and should hand in their before the deadline.(apply)
8.At the end of the month，I managed to get through the exams and my pains paid in the end.
intelligence
intelligent
benefits
beneficial
applicants
apply
applications
off
9.As how to learn English well，you’d better consult your teachers or some professionals.
10.We always take for granted that the earth can provide us with limitless natural resources.
to
it
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.中国著名科学家袁隆平致力于研发高产水稻品种，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。(分词短语作状语) 1._________________________________
，Yuan Longping，a renowned Chinese scientist，is referred to as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
Devoted to developing high-yield rice
varieties
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.正是他的杂交水稻大大增加了中国的粮食产量，并帮助缓解了许多发展中国家的饥荒。(强调句型) 2._____________________________________
and helped relieve hunger in many developing countries.
It was his hybrid rice that greatly increased
China’s food production
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.他的研究不仅改善了数百万人的生活质量，还有助于农业的可持续发展。(not only位于句首引起倒装) Yuan’s work is extremely beneficial to China and the world.3.___________________
_______________________________________________________，but it has also contributed to the sustainable development of agriculture.
Not only has his
research improved the quality of life for millions of people
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
4.如果没有他，现在中国许多地方的人们仍然会挨饿。(含蓄虚拟条件句) Without him,4.__________________________
.Moreover，his dedication to his work and his commitment to improving the lives of others are an inspiration to us all.
Yuan’s story teaches us that with hard work，perseverance，and a passion for innovation，we can achieve great things.
返 回
people in many parts of China
would still be hungry now
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
查重点　夯基固本
Part Two
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.John worked tirelessly to pay off①his debts，and eventually his hard work paid off② as he succeeded in his business，only to face the difficult decision of having to pay off③ some staff members due to restructuring.
① 　② 　③________________
2.After charging① my phone，I headed for the store，only to be charged② an unexpected fee for a service I hadn’t used.Annoyed，I charged③ towards the manager who was in charge④ of the store to confront him，ready to charge⑤ him with false advertising.
① 　② 　③ 　④ 　⑤_______
偿清
(努力)得到回报
(付清工资后)解雇
vt.充电
vt.收费
vi.猛冲
n.掌管
vt.控告
3.To his credit①，by doing a part-time job，he not only paid back his credit② to the bank but also earned the required credits③ in advance.He credited④ all these to the support of his family and friends.
① 　② 　③ 　④_____________
4.I involve① myself in the after-class activity which involves② 300 participants and taking part in the activity involves③ patience，determination and flexibility.
① 　② 　③______________
n.赞扬
n.借款，贷款
n.学分
vt.把……归于
vt.使参加
vt.涉及，影响
vt.包含，需要
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1. her credit，her father quit drinking at her request.
2.His (limit) salary can reveal that he lives in poverty.
3.Somehow，our teacher declared Tom，a naughty boy， (be) our monitor.
4.I would appreciate it if you could speed to make me reach the airport in time.
5.To a certain extent，helping others is (benefit) to ourselves in the long run.
To
limited
to be
up
beneficial
6.Obviously，the book published last month is (intend) for the disabled children.
7.To create cleaner (surround)，everyone should cut back on the carbon footprint.
8.If you want to know more with reference the arrangements of the meeting，call me please.
9.The local council has refused (permit) to build a new entertainment park.
10.I’m favour of your opinion that we should donate the food and tents to the people in disaster areas without delay.
intended
surroundings
to
permission
in
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
Once upon a time，there was a man who 1. (admire) by most people for his great scientific achievements.Since he was young，he had been interested in traditional Chinese medicine,2. (intend) to be a famous doctor.But because of poverty，he dropped out of school.He didn’t give up or let his parents down though.He continued to learn by himself.
was admired
intending
Once some people in his village developed a deadly disease.To cure them，this intelligent man 3. (refer) to many books and through trial and error he eventually used some herbs to save them.Their 4. (survive) encouraged him so greatly that he began to do more scientific experiments，exploring a 5. (broad) world.At that time equipment was so limited that he couldn’t get sufficient data,6. he overcame these difficulties.A few years later，his efforts paid 7. and he got credit from people！He wrote a nicely illustrated book and had it 8. (publish).He also gave lectures in different provinces，encouraging others to further explore 9.____
treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine，which can be 10._________
(benefit) to global health care.
referred
survival
broader
but/yet
返 回
off
published
the
beneficial
提能力　主题写作
Part Three
假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美(The Beauty of Science)”为主题的首届校园科学节。请你给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.举办时间；2.活动内容；3.师生反响。
应用文增分练
科学精神
1.为了提高学生的科学意识，以“科学之美”为主题的科学节于上周在我校举行。(intended)
_____________________________________________________________
2.一位专家被邀请教我们如何制作机器人，之后学生们参与了丰富多彩的活动，比如编程机器人和设计机器人。(involve，“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.在其他活动方面，在不同的时间安排了有关先进技术的科学知识竞赛和讲座。(as to)
_____________________________________________________________
4.在这个节日上，我们还在现场欣赏了各种各样的装置，这些装置对我们的日常生活有很大的好处。(benefit，非限制性定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
5.最令我们印象深刻的是这个节日让我们学生明白，追求科学是没有界限的。(what引导主语从句，不定式短语作定语)
_____________________________________________________________
6.这个节日不仅激励我们投身于科学，也提高了我们的创新意识。(apply，部分倒装)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Intended to raise students’ awareness of science，the science festival themed“The Beauty of Science” was held in our school last week.
At the beginning，an expert was invited to teach us how to make robots，after which the students involved themselves in the colourful activities，such as programming robots and designing robots.As to other activities，scientific knowledge quizzes and lectures about advanced technologies were arranged at different time.At this festival，we also appreciated various devices on the spot，which are of great benefit to our daily life.What struck us most was the festival’s ability to make us students understand that there are no boundaries in the pursuit of science.
应用文增分练
参考范文
In conclusion，not only did the festival motivate us to apply ourselves to science but it also raised our awareness of innovation.
亮词 [动作描写]　surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关　let sb down使某人失望　permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能　put forward提出，提议，建议
[环境描写]　lightning n.闪电　thunderstorm n.雷雨，雷暴　bang n.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(人物描写)
2.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up.(人物描写)
3.When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.(情感描写)
美句 4.It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom；to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed；and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.(排比句式，主旨升华)
情感细节描写：失望与遗憾
单词 1.disappoint v.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointed adj.失望的→disappointment n.失望；扫兴；令人失望的人/事
2.regret v.后悔，对……感到遗憾/惋惜 n.遗憾；懊悔；失望→regretful adj.后悔的；失望的；遗憾的
3.sorry adj.遗憾的
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词块 1.feel extremely disappointed感到失望极了
2.weep bitter tears of disappointment失望得痛哭流涕
3.hide one’s disappointment掩饰某人的失望
4.a look of disappointment/loneliness flashes across/spreads over one’s face某人脸上露出失望/孤独的表情
5.be overcome/consumed with disappointment＝be overwhelmed by disappointment非常失望
6.to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
7.a ripple of regret wells up inside sb某人心中泛起了一阵遗憾
8.tears of regret run/stream down one’s cheeks后悔的眼泪顺着某人的脸颊流下来
句型 1.Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself up in his room.
他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。
2.His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to pass the exam.
当得知自己没有通过考试时，他的心一沉。
3.The news that he didn’t get admitted immediately threw him into low spirits.
他没有被录取的消息立刻使他精神不振。
句型 4.Seeing the disappointing result，he was extremely disappointed，tears of regret running/streaming down his cheeks.看到令人失望的结果，他非常失望，遗憾的眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
5.It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me.How I wished I hadn’t said those words！就在那时，我的心中泛起了一阵后悔。我真希望我没有说那些话！
科学精神
Edith is keen on science and invention.When she heard there was going to be a competition about invention and innovation，she ①______
.Edith spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure ② .
伊迪丝热衷于科学和发明。当她听说将有一场关于发明和创新的比赛时，她毫不犹豫地报名参加了。伊迪丝不遗余力地为此做准备，她相信每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
signed
up for it without hesitation
everyone would be amazed at her invention
However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it didn’t work as expected.③____________________________
at her failing to start the machine.When she looked around，④____________________________________________________
(动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语).
然而，在比赛期间，当伊迪丝慢慢地打开机器时，它并没有像预期的那样运转起来。由于没能成功启动这台机器，她感到极度失望。当她环顾四周时，她发现一些评委的脸上掠过失望的表情。
She was overcome with bitter
disappointment
she found a look of disappointment flashing across/spreading
over some judges’ faces
Lowering her head，she was extremely frustrated，⑤_______________
(独立主格).She was about to leave when a judge approached her and ⑥ ，“Don’t lose heart，honey.Failure is the mother of success.Bear in mind that ⑦____________
(定语从句).”
她低下头，沮丧极了，心中泛起一阵遗憾。她正要离开时，一位评委走过来，用温柔的声音安慰她：“亲爱的，别灰心。失败是成功之母。记住，成功属于那些永不放弃的人。”
返 回
a ripple of regret
welling up inside her
comforted her in a gentle voice
success
belongs to those who never give up

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