资源简介

词汇 含义 延伸拓展
astronaut n.宇航员，航天员
gravity n.重力；严重性；严肃
float vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
cupboard n.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
ceiling n.天花板；上限
mission n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 carry out a mission执行任务
evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价 [派]evaluation n．评价；估价
creature n.动物，生物；人
cast new light on 使进一步了解……
maintenance n.维护，保养；维持，保持 maintain vt.维持，保持；维护，保养
exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道 expose vt.使面临，使遭受；暴露；揭露；曝光
radiation n.辐射，放射线
visible adj.看得见的；明显的 [反]invisible adj.看不见的 [派]visibly adv.易察觉地；明显地
luxury n.不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 [派]luxurious adj.奢侈的
tube n.管，管子；软管
furthermore adv.此外，再者 [同]besides，moreover，additionally，in addition
discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
leisure n.闲暇，空闲 at sb’s leisure在某人闲暇时
crew n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
permanent adj.永久的，永恒的 [派]permanence n．持久性；永久 permanently adv.永久地，永恒地
altogether adv.完全；总共；总之
kit n.成套设备，成套工具；配套元件
universe n.宇宙，天地万物 [派]universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的 universally adv.普遍地；共同地
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
orbit vt.& vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行 n.(天体等运行的)轨道
astronomer n.天文学家 astronomy n．天文学
administration n.行政部门；管理，行政 [派]administrative adj.行政的；管理的 administrator n．管理人员；行政人员
agency n.机构；代理处 [派]agent n．代理人，代理商，经纪人
comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 be comprised of...由……组成
scan vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览 n.扫描检查；快速查阅
plain to see 显而易见的
foundation n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 [派]founder n．创建者；创始人 lay the foundation for为……打下基础
purse n.资金，财源；钱包
tale n.故事；讲述，叙述
origin n.起源，起因；出身 [派]original n．原件；原作 adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；原作的 originally adv.原来，起初 the origin of...……的起源
shuttle n.航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车) vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)
frequency n.发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 frequent adj.频繁的 [派]frequently adv.频繁地
rocket n.火箭；火箭武器
motive n.原因，动机，目的 a motive for...……的动机
investment n.投资；投入 invest v．投资；投入 [派]investor n．投资者；投资机构
calculate vt.计算，核算；预测 [派]calculation n．计算，运算；预测 calculator n．计算器 It is calculated that...据估算……
mechanic n.机械师，技工 [派]mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 incredible adj.极好的；难以置信的
dust n.沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃 [派]dusty adj.布满灰尘的
shelter n.居住，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避
constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 [派]constantly adv.始终；一直；重复；不断地
nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的
coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v.覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；报道
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
名词后缀-age ：表示行为本身或行为的结果，如：coverage是由动词cover(覆盖；报道)和后缀-age组成的名词，译为“新闻报道；覆盖范围”。类似的还有：breakage；usage；assemblage；passage。-age还有以下用法：
1．表示这个行为需要的费用，如：carriage n．运费；postage n．邮费；towage n．拖(车、船)费。
2．表示状态或性质，如：marriage；blockage；shortage。
3．表示某类事物的集合或总称，如：luggage；village；heritage。
4．表示数量，如：mileage n．英里数。
(1)They also want to almost double the tonnage of ships the port currently handles.吨位；(以吨计的)总重量
(2)Mineworkers in the country have voted for a one-day stoppage next month.停工，罢工
(3)The porterage the porter charged was relatively lower and as a result，he was busier than the other porters.搬运费
(4)It is a fact that the city produced its own coinage from 1325 to 1864.金属货币；硬币
1．Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water，which is common knowledge.氢
2．With the aid of a telescope，a ship could be made out on the horizon.望远镜
3．I wake up at 6 a．m.as the sleeping pill doesn’t work for more than nine hours.药片
4．When I finally raised the question，“Why？” he merely forced a smile and shrugged.仅仅
5．Under the leadership of some specialists，the viruses were examined under a microscope.显微镜
6．Some scientists hypothesize that the monkeys rub their bodies with the millipedes because doing so helps protect them from mosquitoes.蚊子
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席(absent adj.缺席的；不存在的；心不在焉的)
·absence of mind心不在焉 during/in one’s absence某人不在时 in the absence of由于缺少…… ·be absent from不参加；缺席
(1)I would be very grateful if you could help me take care of my pet during/in my absence.
(2)Altogether，in the absence of teachers’ instructions，it is normal for us students not to know how to combine what has been learnt with practice.
(3)我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I’m writing to apologize to you for being absent from/my absence from your birthday party last weekend.
(4)这就是我的妈妈，有时心不在焉、健忘，然而总是充满爱心。(话题写作之人物介绍)
Such is my mother，who is sometimes absent，forgetful，and yet always loving.
2．bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰；花费时间精力(做某事) vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难
bother doing/to do sth费心做某事 can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事 bother with/about sth花费时间/精力 做某事 ；为某事烦恼/费心 bother sb with/about sth因某事打扰或麻烦某人 It bothers sb that...使某人苦恼的是……
(1)My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play(play) with me.
(2)As an astronaut，you should keep your mind on the mission，and not bother about/with personal gains or losses.(应用文写作之建议信)
(3)让我烦恼的是我在学校的大楼里找不到路。(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)
It bothered me that I couldn’t find my way in the huge school building.
(4)我写信向您表达我衷心的感谢，因为我过去常常因很多事情麻烦您，并且您总是费心地帮助我摆脱困境。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I am writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you，for I used to bother you with many things and you always bothered helping/to help me out of difficulty.
3．occupy vt.占领，侵占；使用，占用；居住；使忙于(occupied adj.使用中的；忙于 occupation n．工作；职业；占领；使用，占用)
·occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事 ·be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事
(1)Furthermore，you must state your full name，age and occupation(occupy) in your application form.(应用文写作之通知)
(2)At my leisure，I have been occupied with my oral English so I speak English fluently.(应用文写作之申请信)
(3)他们忙于制作和销售爆米花，无暇玩耍。
①Occupying themselves(in) making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(现在分词短语作状语)
②Occupied(in) making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(过去分词短语作状语)
4．circumstance n．条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
in/under no circumstances决不 置于句首时句子要用部分倒装语序 in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样 if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许的话
(1)My partner was ill.Even under/in the circumstances，he still spared no effort to analyse and calculate our collected data with me，and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
(2)我决不会放弃创办一家公司的目标。因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。
In/Under no circumstances would I give up the goal of founding a company.As a consequence，if circumstances allow/permit，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
5．vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
be vital for/to sth对……极为重要 be of vital importance/significance to...对……至关重要 It is vital to do...做……很重要。 It is vital that sb should do sth.某人做某事是极其重要的。
(1)Understanding history is vital to/for understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
(2)If you want to be published，it’s vital to submit(submit) a perfect，professionally presented manuscript.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
(3)无论结果如何，国家之间的友谊都是至关重要的，我们都应该重视。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
No matter what the result is，the friendship between countries is vital/of vital significance，which we should attach importance to.
(4)如果我们要在环境保护方面有所作为，从小事做起是至关重要的。(应用文写作之倡议书)
If we are to make a difference in environmental protection，it’s vital that we(should)/it’s vital to begin with small things.
6．assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的；副的(assist v．帮助；协助；援助assistance n．援助，帮助)
·assist (sb) with/in sth在某方面帮助(某人) assist sb in doing sth/to do sth帮助某人做某事 ·with the assistance of在……的帮助下 come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人
(1)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your assistant(assist) and I can assist you with/in your teaching in China.(应用文写作之申请信)
(2)我想衷心地感谢你帮助我学习英语。没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得如此大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I’d like to sincerely appreciate your assisting me with/in my English learning/assisting me to learn English/assisting me in learning English.Without your assistance，I couldn’t have made such great progress.
(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐时，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast，their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father，the twins made it，their faces wearing happy smiles.
7．in view of鉴于，考虑到
·in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来 have a good view of...清楚地看到；饱览 come into view进入视野，映入眼帘 ·view...as...把……看作……
(1)尽管这个礼物不值多少钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来，真正重要的是其中所包含的爱。(读后续写之升华句)
Although the present isn’t worth much，I value it very much.From my point of view/In my view，it’s the love contained in it that really counts.
(2)在旅途中，我们饱览盛开的鲜花、深深的山谷和美丽的瀑布。但是，考虑到大雨，我们必须尽快找到一个躲避处。幸运的是，当我们到达山顶时，我们看到了一个小洞穴。
During the trip，we had a good view of the blooming flowers，deep valleys and beautiful waterfalls.However，in view of the heavy rain，it was vital for us to find a shelter as soon as possible.Fortunately，when we arrived at the peak of the mountain，a tiny cave came into view.
(3)孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的教育家和思想家之一。(2023·全国甲，短文投稿)
Confucius is viewed as one of the greatest educators and thinkers in ancient China.
1．Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.(so that 引导目的状语从句)
由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。
2．It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.(It＋be＋adj.＋that...)
尝试背部没有压力地入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
3．Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(as引导让步状语从句)
尽管地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
4．It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.(强调句型)
正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。
5．That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.(That’s why...)
这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
·This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……(why引导的表语从句表示结果) ·This/That is because...这/那是因为……(because引导的表语从句表示原因) ·This/That is the reason why...这/那就是……的原因。(why引导的定语从句表示结果) ·The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导的定语从句表示结果)
(1)As we all know，reading classics is of vital significance to us.This is because it can not only broaden our horizons but also enrich our everyday life.
→As we all know，reading classics can not only broaden our horizons but also enrich our everyday life.This is(the reason) why it is of vital significance to us.
→As we all know，the reason why reading classics is of vital significance to us is that it can not only broaden our horizons but also enrich our everyday life.
(2)我提议讨论小说改编的问题的原因是大多数学生在看过《指环王》、《纳尼亚传奇》和《珀西 · 杰克逊》等同名电影后，会选择阅读小说。(2024·上海1月，书面表达)
The reason why I propose to cover the issue of novel adaptation is that the majority of students would opt to read novels after they have watched the movies of the same titles such as The Lord of Rings，Narnia，and Percy Jackson.
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共7分)
1．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
2．gravity n．重力；严重性；严肃
3．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政
4．maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持
5．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员
6．luxury n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品
7．shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班 vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共10分)
1．float vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
2．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
3．scan vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览 n．扫描检查；快速查阅
4．crew n．全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
5．orbit vt.& vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行 n．(天体等运行的)轨道
6．shelter n．居住，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避
7．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
8．vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
9．circumstance n．条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
10．bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共13分)
1．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的→permanence n．持久性；永久
2．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的
3．investment n．投资；投入→invest v．投资；投入
4．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt.使面临，使遭受；暴露；揭露；曝光
5．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；报道
6．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculation n．计算，运算；预测→calculator n．计算器
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共5分)
1．at sb’s leisure在某人闲暇时
2．with the assistance of在……的帮助下
3．lay the foundation for为……打下基础
4．at a time每次
5．a huge amount of大量的
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共19分)
1．A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off along the dry and dusty road.(dust)
2．He is always absent from class，and his absence(absent) makes his head teacher angry.
3．I am occupied with my occupation，which occupies most of my time every day.(occupy)
4．Although horses do not generally mind the cold，shelter from rain and wind is of great importance.
5．Tom used to be a frequent customer to our store，but these days he doesn’t come here as frequently as before.(frequent)
6．The advantages are plain to see：robots can do things humans just don’t want to do，and they are more efficient.
7．The study not only cast new light on this virus but also opened a door to the treatment of patients infected with it.
8．We need to evaluate ourselves，our values，our strengths and so on because objective evaluations will benefit us.(evaluate)
9．I don’t know about the origin of life on the Earth，but I’m sure life on the Earth must have gone through a colorful original(origin) period.
10．As an assistant，he assisted the professor in carrying out the project.And without his assistance，it couldn’t have been completed on time.(assist)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共16分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.很明显探索太空总是让人类着迷，这拓展了我们知识的边界，激发了我们对宇宙的好奇心。(It＋be＋adj.＋that...) 2.人们花费大量金钱探索太空，以便我们可以为不断增长的人口发现更多的资源，减轻地球的负担。(so that引导目的状语从句) 3.尽管很困难，但人类并没有停止探索太空。(as引导让步状语从句) 4.在现代社会，正是利用卫星等先进技术进行了更多的太空探索。(强调句型) 1.It is visible that exploring space has always fascinated humanity，which pushes the boundaries of our knowledge and fuels our curiosity about the universe. People spend large amounts of money exploring space 2.so that we can discover more resources for the increasing population and reduce the burden on the Earth.Otherwise the world would run out of its resources and would be at the risk of dying out.However，space exploration has never been easy to carry out，especially in the past.3.Difficult as it is，man has not stopped exploring space.4.It is with advanced technologies like satellites that more space explorations are being carried out in modern times. We are convinced that in the future we will make even more progress in space exploration.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．He spoke to me with gravity①，“Do you realize the gravity② of the far-reaching consequences of misapplying Newton’s law of gravity③？”
①n.严肃 　②n.严重性　③n.地球引力
2．I bothered① myself with my poor school performances and in the circumstances，I had a tendency to give up.Luckily，my friend bothered② to help me study in a more efficient way.I am terribly sorry for putting him to so much bother③.
①vt.使烦恼，使担心　②vi.花费时间精力(做某事)　③n.麻烦
3．My mission① is to help young astronauts accomplish their first space mission②—a feat that embodies both our shared mission③ in life.
①n.任务　②n.太空飞行任务　③n.使命
4．There is a free 24-hour shuttle① between the airport terminals and numerous passengers shuttle② between the airport and their working places.
①n.来往于两地之间的班车　②vi.频繁往来
5．In my view①，to view② the best view③，we must climb to the top of the mountain，which is viewed④ as the highest one in our province.Then，we posted some breathtaking photos we shot online，which unexpectedly gained 10,000 views⑤.In conclusion，the mountain-climbing activity not only broadened our view⑥ but also strengthened our body.
①n.观点，见解，看法　②vt.观看，欣赏　③n.景色，风景　④vt.把……看作　⑤n.(一次)观看　⑥n.视野
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It bothers climate researchers that the glacier’s melting speed is unpredictable.
2．Having retired from business，he is occupied with the welfare of the disabled now.
3．It is vital to live(live) in harmony with nature，or future generations will suffer a lot.
4．It was your timely encouragement and generous help that made my niece go through the tough times.
5．My father was absent from my coming-of-age ceremony due to his departure to handle a special task.
6．The diversity of Italian cuisine is so vast，and that is why it is loved by so many people worldwide.
7．Globally，knowing more than one language is viewed as an advantage and even a necessity in many areas.
8．Challenging as the activity was，everyone made a resolution to persevere and complete it successfully.
9．Students who are more disciplined(discipline) than their peers usually perform better academically.
10．Personally，under no circumstances(circumstance) could I have a good command of relevant subjects without my teachers’ help.
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
There is a heated debate about whether the universe is worth exploring.
Some people believe that space 1.exploration(explore) demands huge investment，and does nothing 2.to enhance(enhance) the quality of our lives.Therefore，we shouldn’t bother to explore it.However，others，especially 3.astronauts(astronaut)，don’t agree.Living in space is their dream.Challenging 4.though/as it is，they expect to finish their mission.Due to the near absence of gravity，they have to attach 5.themselves(they) in order not to float around.They 6.are occupied(occupy) in conducting research and evaluating the effects of low gravity on creatures.For a spacewalk，they must put 7.on their spacesuits to protect them from exposure to the cold and radiation.In view of the low-gravity environment,8.it is a luxury to eat fresh food.Sometimes they must take pills to ensure a 9.balanced(balance) supply of nutrients.The results of these space explorations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin，evolution，and likely future of the universe and can also be 10.a motive for the young to become the scientists of the future.
假设你是国际学校的学生会主席李华，为使学生了解更多的航天知识，你校决定举行一次关于航天科学的讲座，请用英语写一则书面通知，内容包括： 1.讲座的时间、地点； 2.讲座的目的及内容； 3.希望同学们踊跃参加。
完成句子
1．由于越来越多的学生对航天知识表现出极大的兴趣，本周五下午两点将在学校礼堂举行一场以航天科学为主题的讲座。(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
　
2．本讲座主要由三部分组成，第一部分将使你们进一步了解我国的航天飞行的历史和最近的发射。(comprise；cast new light on；“数词＋of＋which”引导非限制性定语从句)
　
3．更好地了解我国航天工业的发展对我们来说具有重要的意义。(vital；it作形式主语)
　
4．由同样的专家展示的第二部分将涉及相关的科学利益，如为某些疾病的治疗奠定基础。(lay the foundation for；过去分词短语作定语)
　
5．最后也是极关键的部分是参与者可以提出他们感兴趣的问题。(incredibly；crucial；表语从句)
　
6．欢迎任何有意了解更多航天知识的同学参加本次讲座。(motive；定语从句)
　
组句成篇　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Notice
With more and more students showing great interest in space knowledge，a lecture with the theme of space science will be held in the school hall at 2 o’clock this Friday afternoon.
The lecture is mainly comprised of three parts，the first of which will cast new light on the history of space flights as well as recent launch in our country.It is vital that we (should) have a better understanding of the development of aerospace industry in our country.The second part presented by the same experts will deal with the related scientific benefits，such as laying the foundation for the cure for some illnesses.The last but incredibly crucial part is that participants can raise questions they are curious about.
Anyone who has a motive for learning more about space is highly welcome to take part in the lecture.
The Student Council
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席　mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 merely adv.仅仅，只不过　leisure n．闲暇，空闲　vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的　crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的　incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信
[动作描写]　bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰　occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于　orbit vt.& vi.围绕……运动　scan vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览　shelter vt.保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避
美句 1.First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.Then we head out，and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time，with the beautiful Earth visible below.(动作描写) 2.Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(事物描写) 3.During our leisure time，there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends back home.(动作＋场景描写) 4.It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：哭泣(一)
单词 1.weep v．哭泣　2.water v．(眼睛)充满眼泪　3.sob v．呜咽，啜泣　4.moan v．呻吟　5.sniffle v．抽泣 6.wail/bawl v．放声大哭
词块 1.be bathed in tears泪流满面　2.fight/hold back tears强忍住眼泪　3.be in floods of tears泪如泉涌 4.burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来　5.shed tears of joy流下喜悦的泪水　6.choke up哽咽 7.cry one’s eyes/heart out痛哭不止　8.cry bitter/lonely tears流下痛苦/孤独的泪水 9.sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣
句型 1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her. 简眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。 2.Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother. 比尔强忍住泪水并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。 3.Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn’t realize that at all. 她的手在颤抖。她快要哭出来了，但保罗一点也没有意识到这一切。 4.Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him. 塞西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。 5.The mother，standing at the door，cried/shed tears of joy. 母亲站在门口，高兴得哭了。
语料运用　参加宇航员选拔
In order to be chosen as an astronaut，Susan worked out and occupied herself in studying hard.However，①to her disappointment，she failed to pass the test.At the disappointing news，②she sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands(with复合结构)．Seeing their daughter ③bathed in tears(分词短语作宾补)，her parents were heartbroken.They tended her with great care and ④determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence.With the assistance and encouragement of her parents，Susan made it eventually.When getting the exciting news，Susan ⑤whispered with tears in her eyes，“Thank you，Dad and Mom.⑥It is you that/who have carried me through the tough situation(强调句式)．” The next few minutes witnessed the family hugged together，⑦shedding tears of joy(现在分词短语作状语)．
为了被选为宇航员，苏珊锻炼身体，专心学习。然而，令她失望的是，她没有通过考试。听到这个令人失望的消息，她掩面啜泣。看到女儿泪流满面，她的父母很伤心。他们悉心照料她，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心。在父母的帮助和鼓励下，苏珊最终成功了。当听到这个激动人心的消息时，苏珊眼里含着泪水低声说：“谢谢你们，爸爸妈妈。是你们使我渡过了难关。”在接下来的几分钟里，一家人紧紧地拥抱在一起，流下了喜悦的泪水。
单元主题组合练
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·河北邢台调研)
A planet that suffers 475℃ beneath a thick acid atmosphere may be the last place you’d expect alien(外星的) life in our solar system.But one NASA scientist claims that extraterrestrials(天外来客) are most likely hiding on Venus amid conditions that are unbearable for humans.The new theory was put forward by the research scientist Dr Michelle Thaller.She says that possible signs of life have already been seen within the carbon-dioxide filled atmosphere，adding that she was absolutely certain that life exists somewhere.
Venus is often described as Earth’s twin due to its similar size and structure.But their conditions couldn’t be further apart，as astronomers believe it would be impossible for humans to exist on Venus.①Positioned 67 million miles from the sun，Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system，suffering temperatures that can even melt lead.Its atmosphere also adds to the ②uninhabitable situation.
Despite this，scientists have long debated whether Venus’ clouds may host microbial(微生物的) life forms that can survive.Many scientists think that photosynthesis(光合作用) is possible on the planet’s surface as Venus receives enough solar energy to pass through its thick clouds.
However，Professor Dominic Papineau，a biologist at the University College of London，believes Dr Thaller’s views are “difficult to realistically assume”．He explained，“For life-related chemical reactions to take place，liquid water is necessary.Hence，to find extraterrestrial life，we need to find liquid water，and to find extraterrestrial fossils requires looking for special rocks that were associated with liquid water in the past.”
This makes life on Venus today difficult to realistically assume，because its surface is too hot，although Venus might have had liquid water in its past.Even still，both Professor Papineau and Dr Thaller agree that the icy moons of our solar system could also be sites of potential microbial life.NASA suggests there are 290 “traditional moons” in our solar system—excluding 462 smaller minor planets.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于金星可能存在外星生命的理论，以及科学家对此的不同观点。
1．What can we know about Venus
A．Its atmosphere is thin acidic.
B．It is much bigger than Earth.
C．It is 77 million miles from the sun.
D．Venus and Earth are considered as twins.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Venus is often described as Earth’s twin due to its similar size and structure.”可知，金星和地球被认为是孪生星，故选D。
2．Which statement would Papineau agree with
A．Photosynthesis can happen on Venus’ surface.
B．Thick clouds make photosynthesis on Venus hard.
C．Liquid water is important for the extraterrestrials.
D．Some rocks can prove life exists on Venus.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“For life-related chemical reactions to take place，liquid water is necessary.”可知，Papineau认为液态水对于外星生命是重要的，故选C。
3．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．The surface temperature of Venus is high.
B．It’s very easy to confirm life on Venus.
C．Venus might have liquid water now.
D．Many icy moons go around Venus.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“This makes life on Venus today difficult to realistically assume，because its surface is too hot”可知，金星的表面温度很高，故选A。
4．In which section of a newspaper can you find this text
A．Education. B．Science.
C．Culture. D．Sports.
答案　B
解析　文章出处题。根据第一段中“A planet that suffers 475℃ beneath a thick acid atmosphere may be the last place you’d expect alien(外星的) life...The new theory was put forward by the research scientist Dr Michelle Thaller.”可知，可以在报纸的科学版块中找到这篇文章。故选B。
语境猜词 ①position(熟义：n.位置) 生义(文义)：v.安置，使处于 ②uninhabitable(派)＝un＋inhabit＋able adj.不适宜居住的
B
Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time，even when it’s night.That’s the idea that scientists at Caltech(California Institute of Technology) are exploring.They’re working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth.
Caltech’s scientists have created a special tool for this project.They call it MAPLE.MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January,2023.MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy ①wirelessly from space to Earth.We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.
The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet.Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction.If the tops of the waves line up，they combine to make a bigger wave.But if the top of one wave ②lines up with the low point of the other，the waves cancel each other out.The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power，and focus the energy in one direction.It’s a little like using a magnifying(放大的) glass to focus sunlight into a small，hot point of light.
To prove that the system could ③work，MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space.This energy was then turned into electricity，which made two small lights light up.Next，MAPLE sent energy all the way down to a lab at Caltech.The scientists were able to detect the energy，proving that it’s possible to send solar energy to Earth from space.
Dr.Hajimiri，one of the project’s leaders，thinks that one day，the system could be extremely useful，bringing energy to places that need it，all over the world.He believes that in the future，we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disasters.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加州理工学院 Caltech 的科学家创造了一种特殊的工具——MAPLE，以探索从太空中收集阳光并将其能量无线输送回地球的可能性。
5．What is the challenge in Caltech’s project with MAPLE
A．Solar energy detection.
B．Wireless energy delivery.
C．Sending devices into space.
D．Using wires to move electricity.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth.We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.”可知，项目中存在的挑战是无线能量传输。故选B。
6．How does the Caltech team concentrate solar power
A．By changing the way microwaves act.
B．By magnifying waves coming together.
C．By controlling the timing of microwaves.
D．By lining up the waves in opposite directions.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet.”和“The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power，and focus the energy in one direction.”可知，加州理工学院的团队通过控制微波相遇的时机来集中太阳能。故选C。
7．What potential benefit could the system bring in the future according to Dr.Hajimiri
A．Warning people of natural disasters.
B．Turning solar energy into electricity.
C．Providing a solution to energy shortages.
D．Sending energy to regions in urgent need.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr.Hajimiri...thinks that one day，the system could be extremely useful，bringing energy to places that need it...He believes that in the future，we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disasters.”可知，根据Hajimiri博士的说法，这个系统在未来能向急需能源的地区输送能源。故选D。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration
B．The Challenges of Generating Energy Without Wires
C．The Development of a New Tool for Collecting Electricity
D．The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了加州理工学院科学家创造的特殊工具MAPLE从太空向地球无线传输能源的可能性，所以D项适合作本文的标题。故选D。
语境猜词 ①wirelessly(派)＝wire＋less＋ly adv.无线地 ②line up with 与……一致，与……相符 ③work(转)n.→v.产生预期的效果(或作用)；奏效
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Over the last 60 years，many spacecraft have flown by，orbited and even landed on Mars.But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines.Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 1 However，it is difficult to survive this adventure.
First，a ①roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks.For one thing，floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles.For another，it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily，artificial gravity machines could help.
Then there’s space radiation to worry about.The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic(宇宙的) rays.Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases.Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts.
4 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth，scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars.Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe.A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the ②groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory.
Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 5 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物)．And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars.As a result，a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets.
A．Exploring space always comes with risks.
B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts.
C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do.
D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure.
E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars.
F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications.
G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类登陆火星所面临的挑战和困难，包括健康风险、空间辐射、生存条件的建立以及保护火星环境等方面。
1．答案　E
解析　上文“Over the last 60 years，many spacecraft have flown by，orbited and even landed on Mars.But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines.Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration.”解释了将人类送往火星的原因，E选项“That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars.”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
2．答案　F
解析　根据上文“For another，it allows fluid to build up in the head.”可知，长时间在微重力环境下会导致头部积液，本空应继续解释这种现象导致的后果，F选项“This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications.”说明了头部积液可能会导致视力问题，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
3．答案　D
解析　根据上文“Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems.”可知，宇宙射线可能增加癌症和其他健康问题的风险，D选项“On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure.”继续谈论这种暴露对于宇航员的影响，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
4．答案　G
解析　下文“Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth...Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe.”说明在火星定居地建立和生存将面临许多具体的挑战，G选项“Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges.”概括了下文内容，符合题意。故选G。
5．答案　B
解析　根据上文“Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe.”和下文“Humans are filled with microbes(微生物)．..”可知，本空的内容与保护火星不受宇航员影响有关，B选项“It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts.”承上启下，符合题意。故选B。
语境猜词 ①roundtrip(合)＝round＋trip n．往返行程 ②groundwork(合)＝ground＋work n．基础工作；准备工作
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏南通一模)
For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s，a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 ，Diana Trujillo has made it—she is a(n) 2 now，leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover.
Born in 1983，even as a young girl，Trujillo was certain of her passion for science.When she was 17，her dad offered to send her to Miami，Florida to study Aerospace Engineering.Without any 3 ，she followed her dad’s 4 .Arriving in the U．S.with just $300，Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.The 6 was definitely not easy，but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo.One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo’s career goals.So she 10 her studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic(西班牙裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007.Since then，Trujillo has worn many ①hats at America’s space agency.
But Trujillo hasn’t 12 there.She also ②leads by example， 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields.Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着团队负责火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
1．A.Therefore B．Instead
C．However D．Moreover
答案　C
解析　therefore因此；instead相反；however然而；moreover此外。根据上文“For...may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知，对于小时候的Diana Trujillo来说，在美国宇航局从事科学事业似乎是遥不可及的，但她却做到了，上下文构成转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。
2．A.astronaut B．engineer
C．pilot D．doctor
答案　B
解析　astronaut宇航员；engineer工程师；pilot飞行员；doctor医生。根据下文“leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”和“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，Diana Trujillo领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂，并且所学专业是航空航天工程，因此她应该是一名工程师。故选B。
3．A.hesitation B．complaint
C．expectation D．promise
答案　A
解析　hesitation犹豫；complaint抱怨；expectation期望；promise承诺。根据上文“Born in 1983，even as a young girl，Trujillo was certain of her passion for science.”可知，Trujillo从小就对科学充满了热情，因此她会毫不犹豫地同意去学习航空航天工程。故选A。
4．A.command B．footstep
C．request D．suggestion
答案　D
解析　command命令；footstep脚步；request请求；suggestion建议。根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami，Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，此处指Trujillo的父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。故选D。
5．A.go B．pass
C．struggle D．push
答案　C
解析　go去；pass通过；struggle挣扎；push推动。根据上文“with just $300”和下文“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知，Trujillo当时经济比较困难，需要做很多家政工作来赚钱，由此可知，她是艰难地完成了学业，固定短语struggle through意为“艰难地度过”。故选C。
6．A.mission B．career
C．adventure D．process
答案　D
解析　mission任务；career职业；adventure冒险；process过程。根据上文“Arriving in the U．S.with just $300，Trujillo had to through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知，此处指Trujillo通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。故选D。
7．A.risk-taking B．life-changing
C．time-consuming D．③energy-saving
答案　B
解析　risk-taking冒险的；life-changing改变人生的；time-consuming耗时的；energy-saving节能的。根据下文“ she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to Trujillo’s career goals.”可知，Trujillo由此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标，因此是经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。故选B。
8．A.Realizing B．Remembering
C．Imagining D．Assuming
答案　A
解析　realize意识到；remember记住；imagine想象；assume假定。根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知，教授不经意提到他们与一名宇航员相熟让她意识到了自己距离认识一名宇航员其实很近。故选A。
9．A.record B．share
C．inspire D．finish
答案　C
解析　record记录；share分享；inspire激励；finish完成。根据上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知，自己离认识一名宇航员很近这样的想法会激励Trujillo的职业目标，让她继续努力学习。故选C。
10．A.refused B．abandoned
C．suspended D．continued
答案　D
解析　refuse拒绝；abandon放弃；suspend暂停；continue继续。根据上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic(西班牙裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知，Trujillo一开始学的就是航空航天科学相关的专业，后来还被美国宇航局学院录取了，因此她是继续学习这个专业。故选D。
11．A.immediately B．eventually
C．gradually D．suddenly
答案　B
解析　immediately立即地；eventually最终地；gradually逐渐地；suddenly突然地。根据上文可知，Trujillo克服重重困难努力完成学业，后来在教授的启发下继续学习，可推知此处指她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。故选B。
12．A.left B．succeeded
C．stopped D．reached
答案　C
解析　leave离开；succeed成功；stop停止；reach到达。根据下文“She also leads by example”可知，Trujillo还做了其他的事情，因此是并没有就此停止。故选C。
13．A.encouraging B．promising
C．allowing D．persuading
答案　A
解析　encourage鼓励；promise承诺；allow允许；persuade劝说。根据上文“She also leads by example”可知，Trujillo在以身作则，因此她是通过自己的故事来鼓励女性从事理工科领域的工作。故选A。
14．A.symbol B．notice
C．warning D．reminder
答案　D
解析　symbol象征；notice通知；warning警告；reminder提示。根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难成为美国宇航局的一名工程师可推知，她的故事是一种正面的提示，告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。故选D。
15．A.stare at B．reach for
C．long for D．come after
答案　B
解析　stare at盯着；reach for伸手够，努力追求；long for渴望；come after跟随。根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知，此处是用Trujillo追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人，只要愿意努力追求梦想，就有大量的机会。reach for the stars为固定短语，意为“有九天揽月之志；努力完成壮举”。故选B。
语境猜词 ①hat(熟义：n.帽子) 生义(文义)：n.职位；角色 ②lead by example 以身作则 ③energy-saving(合＋派)＝energy＋sav(e)＋ing adj.节能的
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·河南郑州质检)
China has set up its 1.____________(one) deep space exploration laboratory with the purpose of carrying out deep space exploration as well as cutting-edge technology research in the field of spaceflight.The laboratory,2.____________(locate) in Anhui Province，is a new type of science and technology research and development institution that realizes the integration of science，technology and engineering.
The laboratory is 3.____________(support) deep space exploration and carry out frontier, 4.____________(base) and strategic research in the field.It will also undertake research and demonstration.The laboratory is an open platform 5.______ international talents can come to work.
After the 6.____________(complete) of the Tianwen Ⅰ mission，China will also plan a number of Tianwen series of ①planetary exploration missions to explore the vastness of space. 7._________ will be the Tianwen Ⅱ，Tianwen Ⅲ，Tianwen Ⅳ，etc.The main task of the ②follow-up is to explore the asteroids (小行星) in deep space.The asteroid samples 8.____________(collect) back.After that，China will be prepared to explore Jupiter and other planets in the solar system,9.____________(hope) to complete the exploration of 100 astronomical units in 2049，to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth，or even 10.____________ the edge of the solar system.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国设立首个深空探测实验室的情况，该实验室旨在开展深空探测和航天领域的尖端技术研究。
1．答案　first
解析　考查序数词。提示词作定语，表示“第一个”，用序数词first。故填first。
2．答案　located
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，locate(把……建在)与其逻辑主语laboratory之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填located。
3．答案　to support
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处用不定式作表语，表示深空实验室未来的用途。故填to support。
4．答案　basic
解析　考查形容词。空处与strategic并列作定语修饰名词research，用形容词。故填basic。
5．答案　where
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词platform，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这个平台上”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
6．答案　completion
解析　考查名词。空处作宾语，用名词completion，意为“完成”，不可数名词。故填completion。
7．答案　There
解析　考查there be句型。表示“有；存在”，用there be句型，句首单词首字母大写。故填There。
8．答案　will be collected
解析　考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知，collect(收集)与主语samples(样本)之间是被动关系；根据语境可知，描述未来的太空探测任务，应使用一般将来时态。综上可知，谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be collected。
9．答案　hoping
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，hope与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填hoping。
10．答案　to
解析　考查介词。结合上文“to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth”可推知，这里表示“甚至到达太阳系边缘”，用to the edge of...。故填to。
语境猜词 ①planetary(派)＝planet＋ary adj.行星的 ②follow-up(合)＝follow＋up n．后续行动；追踪调查(共96张PPT)
Out of this world
选择性必修第三册　 Unit 2
内容索引
过基础　知识排查
查重点　夯基固本
提能力　主题写作
过基础　知识排查
Part One
含义
n.宇航员，航天员
词汇
astronaut
必备词汇
含义
n.重力；严重性 ；严肃
词汇
gravity
含义
vi.飘动，漂流；浮
vt.使浮动，使漂流
词汇
float
过关
含义
n.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
词汇
cupboard
含义
n.天花板；上限
词汇
ceiling
含义
n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
词汇
mission
含义
vt.评估，估计，评价
词汇
evaluate
延伸
拓展
[派]evaluation n.评价；估价
延伸
拓展
carry out a mission执行任务
含义
n.动物，生物；人
词汇
creature
含义
使进一步了解……
词汇
cast new light on
含义
n.维护，保养；维持，保持
词汇
maintenance
含义
n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
词汇
exposure
延伸
拓展
expose vt.使面临，使遭受；暴露；揭露；曝光
延伸
拓展
maintain vt.维持，保持；维护，保养
含义
n.辐射，放射线
词汇
radiation
含义
adj.看得见的；明显的
词汇
visible
延伸
拓展
[反]invisible adj.看不见的
[派]visibly adv.易察觉地；明显地
含义
n.不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品
词汇
luxury
含义
n.管，管子；软管
词汇
tube
延伸
拓展
[派]luxurious adj.奢侈的
含义
adv.此外，再者
词汇
furthermore
含义
vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚 ；训练
n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
词汇
discipline
延伸
拓展
[同]besides，moreover，additionally，in addition
含义
n.闲暇，空闲
词汇
leisure
含义
n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
词汇
crew
延伸
拓展
at sb’s leisure在某人闲暇时
含义
adj.永久的，永恒的
词汇
permanent
含义
adv.完全；总共；总之
词汇
altogether
延伸
拓展
[派]permanence n.持久性；永久
permanently adv.永久地，永恒地
含义
n.成套设备，成套工具；配套元件
词汇
kit
含义
n.宇宙，天地万物
词汇
universe
延伸
拓展
[派]universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的
universally adv.普遍地；共同地
含义
adj.至关重要的，关键性的
词汇
crucial
含义
vt.& vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行
n.(天体等运行的)轨道
词汇
orbit
含义
n.天文学家
词汇
astronomer
含义
n.行政部门；管理，行政
词汇
administration
延伸
拓展
[派]administrative adj.行政的；管理的
administrator n.管理人员；行政人员
延伸
拓展
astronomy n.天文学
含义
n.机构；代理处
词汇
agency
含义
vt.包括，包含；组成，构成
词汇
comprise
延伸
拓展
be comprised of...由……组成
延伸
拓展
[派]agent n.代理人，代理商，经纪人
含义
vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览
n.扫描检查；快速查阅
词汇
scan
含义
显而易见的
词汇
plain to see
含义
n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
词汇
foundation
含义
n.资金，财源 ；钱包
词汇
purse
延伸
拓展
found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
[派]founder n.创建者；创始人
lay the foundation for为……打下基础
含义
n.故事；讲述，叙述
词汇
tale
含义
n.起源，起因；出身
词汇
origin
延伸
拓展
[派]original n.原件；原作
adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；原作的
originally adv.原来，起初
the origin of...……的起源
含义
n.航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)
vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)
词汇
shuttle
含义
n.发生率，出现率；频繁；频率
词汇
frequency
延伸
拓展
frequent adj.频繁的
[派]frequently adv.频繁地
含义
n.火箭；火箭武器
词汇
rocket
含义
n.原因，动机，目的
词汇
motive
延伸
拓展
a motive for...……的动机
含义
n.投资；投入
词汇
investment
延伸
拓展
invest v.投资；投入
[派]investor n.投资者；投资机构
词汇
calculate
含义
vt.计算，核算；预测
延伸
拓展
[派]calculation n.计算，运算；预测
calculator n.计算器
It is calculated that...据估算……
含义
n.机械师，技工
词汇
mechanic
含义
adv.极其，极端地 ；令人难以置信
词汇
incredibly
延伸
拓展
incredible adj.极好的；难以置信的
延伸
拓展
[派]mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
含义
n.沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃
词汇
dust
含义
n.居住，住处；庇护
vt.保护，掩蔽
vi.躲避
词汇
shelter
延伸
拓展
[派]dusty adj.布满灰尘的
含义
adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的
词汇
constant
含义
adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的
词汇
nuclear
延伸
拓展
[派]constantly adv.始终；一直；重复；不断地
含义
n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围
词汇
coverage
延伸
拓展
cover n.覆盖物；封面；掩护物
v.覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；报道
名词后缀-age ：表示行为本身或行为的结果，如：coverage是由动词cover(覆盖；报道)和后缀-age组成的名词，译为“新闻报道；覆盖范围”。类似的还有：breakage；usage；assemblage；passage。-age还有以下用法：
1.表示这个行为需要的费用，如：carriage n.运费；postage n.邮费；towage n.拖(车、船)费。
2.表示状态或性质，如：marriage；blockage；shortage。
3.表示某类事物的集合或总称，如：luggage；village；heritage。
4.表示数量，如：mileage n.英里数。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)They also want to almost double the tonnage of ships the port currently handles.
(2)Mineworkers in the country have voted for a one-day stoppage next month.
(3)The porterage the porter charged was relatively lower and as a result，he was busier than the other porters.
(4)It is a fact that the city produced its own coinage from 1325 to 1864.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
_______________________
____________
________
________________
吨位；(以吨计的)总重量
停工，罢工
搬运费
金属货币；硬币
1.Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water，which is common knowledge.
2.With the aid of a telescope，a ship could be made out on the horizon.
3.I wake up at 6 a.m.as the sleeping pill doesn’t work for more than nine hours.
4.When I finally raised the question，“Why？” he merely forced a smile and shrugged.
____
________
______
______
阅读词汇
识记
氢
药片
仅仅
望远镜
5.Under the leadership of some specialists，the viruses were examined under a microscope.
6.Some scientists hypothesize that the monkeys rub their bodies with the millipedes because doing so helps protect them from mosquitoes.
________
______
显微镜
蚊子
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
探究
重点词汇
absence
1
n.缺乏，不存在；缺席(absent adj.缺席的；不存在的；心不在焉的)
·absence of mind心不在焉
during/in one’s absence某人不在时
in the absence of由于缺少……
·be absent from不参加；缺席
(1)I would be very grateful if you could help me take care of my pet
my absence.
during/in
(2)Altogether， the absence of teachers’ instructions，it is normal for us students not to know how to combine what has been learnt with practice.
(3)我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I’m writing to apologize to you for ______________________________
last weekend.
in
being absent from/my absence
from your birthday party
(4)这就是我的妈妈，有时心不在焉、健忘，然而总是充满爱心。(话题写作之人物介绍)
Such is my mother， ，forgetful，and yet always loving.
who is sometimes absent
bother
bother doing/to do sth费心做某事
can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事
bother with/about sth花费时间/精力(做某事)；为某事烦恼/费心
bother sb with/about sth因某事打扰或麻烦某人
It bothers sb that...使某人苦恼的是……
vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰；花费时间精力(做某事) vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦，困难
(1)My older brother couldn’t be bothered (play) with me.
2
to play
(2)As an astronaut，you should keep your mind on the mission，and not bother personal gains or losses.(应用文写作之建议信)
(3)让我烦恼的是我在学校的大楼里找不到路。
(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)
I couldn’t find my way in the huge school building.
about/with
It bothered me that
(4)我写信向您表达我衷心的感谢，因为我过去常常因很多事情麻烦您，并且您总是费心地帮助我摆脱困境。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I am writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you，for __________
____________________________________________________________
.
I used to
bother you with many things and you always bothered helping/to help
me out of difficulty
occupy
vt.占领，侵占；使用，占用；居住；使忙于(occupied adj.使用中的；忙于 occupation n.工作；职业；占领；使用，占用)
(1)Furthermore，you must state your full name，age and ____________
(occupy) in your application form.(应用文写作之通知)
occupation
3
·occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事
·be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事
(2)At my leisure，I have been occupied my oral English so I speak English fluently.(应用文写作之申请信)
(3)他们忙于制作和销售爆米花，无暇玩耍。
① ，they spared no time to play around.(现在分词短语作状语)
② ，they spared no time to play around.(过去分词短语作状语)
with
Occupying themselves(in) making and selling popcorn
Occupied(in) making and selling popcorn
circumstance
n.条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
(1)My partner was ill.Even the circumstances，he still spared no effort to analyse and calculate our collected data with me，and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.
(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
4
under/in
in/under no circumstances决不(置于句首时句子要用部分倒装语序)
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样
if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许的话
(2)我决不会放弃创办一家公司的目标。因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。
would I give up the goal of founding a company.As a consequence， ，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
In/Under no circumstances
if circumstances allow/permit
vital
be vital for/to sth对……极为重要
be of vital importance/significance to...对……至关重要
It is vital to do...做……很重要。
It is vital that sb (should) do sth.某人做某事是极其重要的。
adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
5
(1)Understanding history is vital understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
to/for
(2)If you want to be published，it’s vital (submit) a perfect，professionally presented manuscript.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
(3)无论结果如何，国家之间的友谊都是至关重要的，我们都应该重视。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
No matter what the result is，___________________________________
，which we should attach importance to.
to submit
the friendship between countries is
vital/of vital significance
(4)如果我们要在环境保护方面有所作为，从小事做起是至关重要的。(应用文写作之倡议书)
If we are to make a difference in environmental protection，_________
.
it’s vital
that we(should)/it’s vital to begin with small things
assistant
·assist (sb) with/in sth在某方面帮助(某人)
assist sb in doing sth/to do sth帮助某人做某事
·with the assistance of在……的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人
n.助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的；副的(assist v.帮助；协助；援助assistance n.援助，帮助)
6
(1)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your (assist) and I can assist you your teaching in China.(应用文写作之申请信)
assistant
with/in
(2)我想衷心地感谢你帮助我学习英语。没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得如此大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I’d like to sincerely appreciate your _____________________________
____________________________________________________________.
，I couldn’t have made such great progress.
assisting me with/in my English
learning/assisting me to learn English/assisting me in learning English
Without your assistance
(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐时，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast，_______________________________.
，the twins made it，their faces wearing happy smiles.
their father came to their assistance
With the assistance of their father
in view of
·in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来
have a good view of...清楚地看到；饱览
come into view进入视野，映入眼帘
·view...as...把……看作……
鉴于，考虑到
7
(1)尽管这个礼物不值多少钱，但我非常珍惜它。在我看来，真正重要的是其中所包含的爱。(读后续写之升华句)
Although the present isn’t worth much，I value it very much._________
，it’s the love contained in it that really counts.
point of view/In my view
From my
(2)在旅途中，我们饱览盛开的鲜花、深深的山谷和美丽的瀑布。但是，考虑到大雨，我们必须尽快找到一个躲避处。幸运的是，当我们到达山顶时，我们看到了一个小洞穴。
During the trip，we the blooming flowers，deep valleys and beautiful waterfalls.However， the heavy rain，it was vital for us to find a shelter as soon as possible.Fortunately，when we arrived at the peak of the mountain，a tiny cave __________
.
had a good view of
in view of
came into
view
(3)孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的教育家和思想家之一。
(2023·全国甲，短文投稿)
Confucius in ancient China.
is viewed as one of the greatest educators and thinkers
1
Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.(so that 引导目的状语从句)
由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。
悟通
经典句式
2
It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.(It＋be＋adj.＋that...)
尝试背部没有压力地入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
3
Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(as引导让步状语从句)
尽管地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.(强调句型)
正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。
4
5
That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.(That’s why...)
这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
·This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……(why引导的表语从句表示结果)
·This/That is because...这/那是因为……(because引导的表语从句表示
原因)
·This/That is the reason why...这/那就是……的原因。(why引导的定语
从句表示结果)
·The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导的定语从句表示
结果)
(1)As we all know，reading classics is of vital significance to us.This is
it can not only broaden our horizons but also enrich our everyday life.
→As we all know，reading classics can not only broaden our horizons but also enrich our everyday life.This is(the reason) it is of vital significance to us.
→As we all know，the reason reading classics is of vital significance to us is it can not only broaden our horizons but also enrich our everyday life.
because
why
why
that
(2)我提议讨论小说改编的问题的原因是大多数学生在看过《指环王》、《纳尼亚传奇》和《珀西·杰克逊》等同名电影后，会选择阅读小说。
(2024·上海1月，书面表达)
____________________________________________________________
the majority of students would opt to read novels after they have watched the movies of the same titles such as The Lord of Rings，Narnia，and Percy Jackson.
The reason why I propose to cover the issue of novel adaptation is that
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.foundation
2.gravity
3.administration
4.maintenance
5.astronaut
6.luxury
7.shuttle
词汇默写
默写巩固
__________________________________
______________________
________________________
__________________________
_________________
_______________________________
_________________________________
_______________________
n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
n.重力；严重性；严肃
n.行政部门；管理，行政
n.维护，保养；维持，保持
n.宇航员，航天员
n.不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品
n.航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班
vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)
Ⅱ.重点单词
1.______ vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
2.__________ vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练
n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
3.______ vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览
n.扫描检查；快速查阅
4.______ n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队
5.______ vt.& vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行
n.(天体等运行的)轨道
float
discipline
scan
crew
orbit
6._______ n.居住，住处；庇护
vt.保护，掩蔽
vi.躲避
7._______ adj.至关重要的，关键性的
8.______ adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
9._____________ n.条件，状况；
(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
10.________ vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰
vi.花费时间精力(做某事)
n.麻烦，困难
shelter
crucial
vital
circumstance
bother
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.___________ adj.永久的，永恒的
→____________ n.持久性；永久
2._______ adj.看得见的；明显的
→_________ adj.看不见的
3.___________ n.投资；投入
→_______ v.投资；投入
4._________ n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
→________ vt.使面临，使遭受；暴露；揭露；曝光
permanent
permanence
visible
invisible
investment
invest
exposure
expose
5._________ n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围
→_______ n.覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v.覆盖；遮盖；
处理；涉及；报道
6.__________ vt.计算，核算；预测
→___________ n.计算，运算；预测
→___________ n.计算器
coverage
cover
calculate
calculation
calculator
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.______________ 在某人闲暇时
2.____________________ 在……的帮助下
3.____________________ 为……打下基础
4._________ 每次
5._________________ 大量的
at sb’s leisure
with the assistance of
lay the foundation for
at a time
a huge amount of
语境运用
默写巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.A cloud of rose as the truck drove off along the dry and _______
road.(dust)
2.He is always absent class，and his (absent) makes his head teacher angry.
3.I am with my ，which most of my time every day.(occupy)
dust
dusty
absence
from
occupation
occupied
occupies
4.Although horses do not generally mind the cold，shelter rain and wind is of great importance.
5.Tom used to be a customer to our store，but these days he doesn’t come here as as before.(frequent)
6.The advantages are plain see：robots can do things humans just don’t want to do，and they are more efficient.
7.The study not only cast new light this virus but also opened a door to the treatment of patients infected with it.
from
frequent
frequently
to
on
8.We need to ourselves，our values，our strengths and so on because objective will benefit us.(evaluate)
9.I don’t know about the origin life on the Earth，but I’m sure life on the Earth must have gone through a colorful (origin) period.
10.As an ，he assisted the professor carrying out the project.And without his ，it couldn’t have been completed on time.(assist)
evaluate
evaluations
of
original
assistant
in
assistance
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.很明显探索太空总是让人类着迷，这拓展了我们知识的边界，激发了我们对宇宙的好奇心。(It＋be＋adj.＋that...) 1.__________________________________
，which pushes the boundaries of our knowledge and fuels our curiosity about the universe.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
It is visible that exploring space has
always fascinated humanity
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.人们花费大量金钱探索太空，以便我们可以为不断增长的人口发现更多的资源，减轻地球的负担。(so that引导目的状语从句) People spend large amounts of money exploring space 2.___________________________
__________________________________________
.Otherwise the world would run out of its resources and would be at the risk of dying out.However，space exploration
has never been easy to carry out，especially in the past.
so that we can discover more
resources for the increasing population and
reduce the burden on the Earth
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.尽管很困难，但人类并没有停止探索太空。(as引导让步状语从句) 4.在现代社会，正是利用卫星等先进技术进行了更多的太空探索。(强调句型) 3. ，man has not stopped exploring space.4.________________________
more space explorations are being carried out in modern times.
We are convinced that in the future we will make even more progress in space exploration.
technologies like satellites that
Difficult as it is
It is with advanced
返 回
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
查重点　夯基固本
Part Two
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.He spoke to me with gravity①，“Do you realize the gravity② of the far-reaching consequences of misapplying Newton’s law of gravity③？”
①_______　②_________　③___________
2.I bothered① myself with my poor school performances and in the circumstances，I had a tendency to give up.Luckily，my friend bothered② to help me study in a more efficient way.I am terribly sorry for putting him to so much bother③.
①__________________　②_______________________　③_______
n.严肃
n.严重性
n.地球引力
vt.使烦恼，使担心
vi.花费时间精力(做某事)
n.麻烦
3.My mission① is to help young astronauts accomplish their first space mission②—a feat that embodies both our shared mission③ in life.
①_______　②_______________　③________
4.There is a free 24-hour shuttle① between the airport terminals and numerous passengers shuttle② between the airport and their working places.
①_______________________　②____________
n.任务
n.太空飞行任务
n.使命
n.来往于两地之间的班车
vi.频繁往来
5.In my view①，to view② the best view③，we must climb to the top of the mountain，which is viewed④ as the highest one in our province.Then，we posted some breathtaking photos we shot online，which unexpectedly gained 10,000 views⑤.In conclusion，the mountain-climbing activity not only broadened our view⑥ but also strengthened our body.
①___________________　②______________　③_____________　
④_____________　⑤_____________　⑥_______
n.观点，见解，看法
vt.观看，欣赏
n.景色，风景
vt.把……看作
n.(一次)观看
n.视野
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1. bothers climate researchers that the glacier’s melting speed is unpredictable.
2.Having retired from business，he is occupied the welfare of the disabled now.
3.It is vital (live) in harmony with nature，or future generations will suffer a lot.
4.It was your timely encouragement and generous help made my niece go through the tough times.
It
with
that
to live
5.My father was absent my coming-of-age ceremony due to his departure to handle a special task.
6.The diversity of Italian cuisine is so vast，and that is it is loved by so many people worldwide.
7.Globally，knowing more than one language is viewed an advantage and even a necessity in many areas.
8.Challenging the activity was，everyone made a resolution to persevere and complete it successfully.
from
why
as
as
9.Students who are more (discipline) than their peers usually perform better academically.
10.Personally，under no (circumstance) could I have a good command of relevant subjects without my teachers’ help.
disciplined
circumstances
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
There is a heated debate about whether the universe is worth exploring.
Some people believe that space 1. (explore) demands huge investment，and does nothing 2. (enhance) the quality of our lives.Therefore，we shouldn’t bother to explore it.However，others，especially 3. (astronaut)，don’t agree.Living in space is their dream.Challenging 4. it is，they expect to finish their mission.
Due to the near absence of gravity，they have to attach 5. (they) in order not to float around.
to enhance
exploration
astronauts
though/as
themselves
They 6. (occupy) in conducting research and evaluating the effects of low gravity on creatures.For a spacewalk，they must put 7.____
their spacesuits to protect them from exposure to the cold and radiation.
In view of the low-gravity environment,8. is a luxury to eat fresh food.Sometimes they must take pills to ensure a 9. (balance) supply of nutrients.The results of these space explorations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin，evolution，and likely future of the universe and can also be 10. motive for the young to become the scientists of the future.
are occupied
on
it
a
返 回
balanced
提能力　主题写作
Part Three
应用文增分练
太空探索
假设你是国际学校的学生会主席李华，为使学生了解更多的航天知识，你校决定举行一次关于航天科学的讲座，请用英语写一则书面通知，内容包括：
1.讲座的时间、地点；
2.讲座的目的及内容；
3.希望同学们踊跃参加。
1.由于越来越多的学生对航天知识表现出极大的兴趣，本周五下午两点将在学校礼堂举行一场以航天科学为主题的讲座。(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
_____________________________________________________________
2.本讲座主要由三部分组成，第一部分将使你们进一步了解我国的航天飞行的历史和最近的发射。(comprise；cast new light on；“数词＋of＋which”引导非限制性定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.更好地了解我国航天工业的发展对我们来说具有重要的意义。(vital；it作形式主语)
_____________________________________________________________
4.由同样的专家展示的第二部分将涉及相关的科学利益，如为某些疾病的治疗奠定基础。(lay the foundation for；过去分词短语作定语)
_____________________________________________________________
5.最后也是极关键的部分是参与者可以提出他们感兴趣的问题。(incredibly；crucial；表语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
6.欢迎任何有意了解更多航天知识的同学参加本次讲座。(motive；定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Notice
With more and more students showing great interest in space knowledge，a lecture with the theme of space science will be held in the school hall at 2 o’clock this Friday afternoon.
The lecture is mainly comprised of three parts，the first of which will cast new light on the history of space flights as well as recent launch in our country.It is vital that we (should) have a better understanding of the development of aerospace industry in our country.The second part presented by the same experts will deal with the related scientific benefits，
应用文增分练
参考范文
such as laying the foundation for the cure for some illnesses.The last but incredibly crucial part is that participants can raise questions they are curious about.
Anyone who has a motive for learning more about space is highly welcome to take part in the lecture.
The Student Council
亮词 [情感描写]　absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席　mission n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务　merely adv.仅仅，只不过　leisure n.闲暇，空闲　vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的　crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的　incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信
[动作描写]　bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰　occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于　orbit vt.& vi.围绕……运动　scan vt.& vi.扫描；细看；浏览　shelter vt.保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.Then we head out，and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time，with the beautiful Earth visible below.(动作描写)
2.Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(事物描写)
3.During our leisure time，there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends back home.(动作＋场景描写)
美句 4.It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made.(主旨升华)
情感细节描写：哭泣(一)
单词 1.weep v.哭泣　2.water v.(眼睛)充满眼泪　3.sob v.呜咽，啜泣　4.moan v.呻吟　5.sniffle v.抽泣　6.wail/bawl v.放声大哭
词块 1.be bathed in tears泪流满面　
2.fight/hold back tears强忍住眼泪　
3.be in floods of tears泪如泉涌
4.burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来　
5.shed tears of joy流下喜悦的泪水　
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词块 6.choke up哽咽
7.cry one’s eyes/heart out痛哭不止　
8.cry bitter/lonely tears流下痛苦/孤独的泪水
9.sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣
句型 1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.
简眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。
2.Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.
比尔强忍住泪水并试图安慰萨拉的母亲。
3.Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn’t realize that at all.
她的手在颤抖。她快要哭出来了，但保罗一点也没有意识到这一切。
4.Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him.
塞西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。
5.The mother，standing at the door，cried/shed tears of joy.
母亲站在门口，高兴得哭了。
参加宇航员选拔
In order to be chosen as an astronaut，Susan worked out and occupied herself in studying hard.However，① ，she failed to pass the test.At the disappointing news，②_______________
(with复合结构).Seeing their daughter
③ (分词短语作宾补)，her parents were heartbroken.
为了被选为宇航员，苏珊锻炼身体，专心学习。然而，令她失望的是，她没有通过考试。听到这个令人失望的消息，她掩面啜泣。看到女儿泪流满面，她的父母很伤心。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
to her disappointment
she sobbed/wept
with her face buried in her hands
bathed in tears
They tended her with great care and ④_____________________________
.With the assistance and encouragement of her parents，Susan made it eventually.When getting the exciting news，Susan ⑤ ，“Thank you，Dad and Mom.
determined to assist her to regain
他们悉心照料她，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心。在父母的帮助和鼓励下，苏珊最终成功了。当听到这个激动人心的消息时，苏珊眼里含着泪水低声说：“谢谢你们，爸爸妈妈。
strength and confidence
whispered with tears in her eyes
⑥ (强调句式).” The next few minutes witnessed the family hugged together，
⑦ (现在分词短语作状语).
是你们使我渡过了难关。”在接下来的几分钟里，一家人紧紧地拥抱在一起，流下了喜悦的泪水。
It is you that/who have carried me through the tough situation
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shedding tears of joy

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