资源简介

词汇 含义 延伸拓展
gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的 [派]gently adv.温柔地；温和地；文静地 gentleness n．和蔼；温和；温柔
encode vt.把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码) code n．密码；暗码；代码；行为规范；道德准则；法典 vt.为……编码；把……译成密码 [反]decode vt.解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
mail n.电子邮件；邮政；邮件
competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的 [派]competence n．能力；胜任；本领 be competent in sth胜任/有能力做某事
obtain vt.获得，赢得 vi.(规则、习俗等)存在；流行
suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n.套装，西装，西服 [派]suitable adj.适合的；适宜的 unsuitable adj.不适合的；不适宜的 be suitable for对……适合的 be suitable to do sth适合做某事
negotiate vi.& vt.谈判；商定，达成(协议) [派]negotiation n．谈判；磋商 negotiate with sb about sth＝negotiate sth with sb与某人协商某事 under negotiation在协商中；在谈判中
enterprise n.公司，企业；规划，事业
straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的
fold vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n．褶，褶层，折叠部分 [反]unfold vt.打开；呈现 [派]folding adj.可折叠的
friction n.争执；摩擦；摩擦力
knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的 knowledge n．知识；学问；了解 have a good knowledge of精通；掌握
empathy n.同感，共鸣，同情 [派]empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣
put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地
account for sth 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
tone n.语气，腔调；风格，特色
gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益 n.好处，利益
gesture n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示
precisely adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实 precise adj.精确的，准确的；恰好的，确切的
preference n.偏爱；偏爱的事物 prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) have/show a preference for偏爱，对……有偏好
jam n.果酱；拥挤，堵塞
taboo n.禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难 [派]embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 embarrassment n．窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据
intention n.计划，意图 intend vt.计划；打算 [派]intentional adj.故意的；有意的；存心的 with the intention of...目的是……
correspond vi.符合，相一致；类似于；通信 [派]correspondence n．一致；相似；通信；信件 corresponding adj.相应的；符合的 correspond with/to sth与……一致/相符合 correspond with sb与某人通信 in correspondence with...与……通信；和……一致
tolerate vt.容许；容忍 [派]tolerance n．忍耐；容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的
recite vt.吟诵；列举 [派]recitation n．朗诵；朗读 recital n．朗诵会
accent n.口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 vt.着重，强调，突出
handwriting n.手写，书写；笔迹，书法
fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的 [派]fluently adv.流利地；流畅地 fluency n．流利；流畅 be fluent in...在……方面很流畅/流利
cooperate vi.合作，协作；配合 [派]cooperative adj.合作的；协作的 cooperation n．合作；配合
cite vt.提及，列举；引用，引述
broaden one’s mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界
tank n.坦克；(装液体的)罐
integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 [派]integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的 integration n．结合；融合 integrate A into/with B把A和B合并在一起 integrate into/with...加入/融入……
bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的
oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 [派]opposed adj.反对的；对立的 opposite adj.相反的；对面的 prep.在……对面 opposition n．反对，反抗 oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事
intervention n.干涉行为，干预 intervene vi.干预；介入
pure adj.纯净的；完全的 [派]purely adv.完全地；纯粹地 purify vt.净化；使……洁净
reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 [派]rejection n．拒绝接受；不予考虑；不录用
pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 be pessimistic about 对……悲观 [反]optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的 [派]pessimism n．悲观，悲观情绪；悲观主义
Germanic adj.日耳曼语的；德国的 German adj.德国的 n．德语；德国人 [派]Germany n．德国
linguist n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 lingual adj.语言的
tendency n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 tend vi.& vt.趋向；趋于；照顾 have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
skateboard n.滑板
sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地 sincere adj.真诚的；诚实的 [派]sincerity n．真诚；诚挚
slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 n.差错；纸条；滑跤 [派]slippery adj.滑的；狡猾的；棘手的
fence n.栅栏，篱笆
contest n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议 [派]contestant n．竞争者；比赛者
clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明 [派]clarification n．澄清；净化
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
动词后缀-fy：后缀-fy表示“使成为，将……变为，……化”，如：clarify由clar(清楚的，明白的)＋i＋fy(使……)组成，译为“澄清；阐明”。类似的还有：identify vt.辨认；horrify vt.使大为震惊；simplify vt.简化；terrify vt.使十分害怕。
(1)Failure can never defeat me but only intensify my desire to succeed.vt.增强(猜加黑词义)
(2)Getting into Yale may signify intelligence，talent and ambition.vt.预示
(3)As far as I am concerned，it is rude of us to uglify others and we should treat others as they are.vt.丑化
(4)The Energy Department plans to solidify the deadly waste in a high-tech billion-dollar factory.vt.(使)凝固
1．Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.反馈的意见
2．I think the best way to enlarge your vocabulary is reading English novels.词汇量
3．The situation has improved somewhat，which is beyond our expectations.有点
4．From kindergarten through sixth grade，most children in New York City attend neighborhood public schools.幼儿园
5．Mapo beancurd is made of tofu and bean-based sauce，which is often topped with minced meat，usually pork or beef.豆腐
6．To make his dream come true，he goes to a faraway place to learn kung fu from a master.功夫
7．The way to change people’s minds is to make friends with them，to integrate them into your tribe，and to bring them into your circle.部落
8．The Student Association strongly recommends that the school canteen should provide more categories of foods.食堂
9．Bacon is also high in protein but，like other processed meats，also shouldn’t be consumed daily.咸猪肉，熏猪肉
10．Local activities include walking，boating and golf.高尔夫球运动
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1．react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应(reaction n．反应)
·react to对……作出反应 react with与……起(化学)反应 react against反对；反抗；反叛 ·in reaction to对……作出反应/以应对……
(1)Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way.(应用文写作之建议信)
(2)As the knowledgeable expert says，children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
(3)Our chemistry teacher did an experiment to show how iron reacted with air and water，from which we gained a lot.
(4)我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。
We have no choice but to use the spray in reaction to the bear’s attack.
2．sympathy n．同情；赞同(sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的，支持的sympathetically adv.同情地)
·have (no) sympathy for sb(不)同情某人 out of sympathy出于同情 with sympathy(＝sympathetically)同情地 ·be sympathetic to/towards...赞同某事；同情某人
(1)出于对这个无家可归的孩子的同情，老人留他过夜。
Out of sympathy for the homeless child，the old man gave him a shelter for the night.
(2)梅雷迪思夫人同情那些急需帮助的穷人，出于同情，她一有时间就给他们送去食物和药品。
Mrs Meredith was sympathetic towards/to the poor/had sympathy for the poor who urgently needed help，and out of sympathy，she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.
(3)我同情地说：“在医院照顾好自己，我向你保证我不会让你失望。”
(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
I said with sympathy/sympathetically，“Take care of yourself in hospital and I assure you that I won’t let you down.”
3．approve v．赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)(approval n．赞成，同意；批准，认可 approving adj.赞成的)
·approve of (sb/sb’s) doing sth赞成/同意(某人)做某事 ·get/win one’s approval得到某人的同意；赢得某人的赞同 give one’s approval to sth 批准某事
(1)Now that you have approved of my idea，I will introduce it to you in detail.(应用文写作之告知信)
(2)Seeing your dedication first-hand could be the key to gaining their approval(approve) and support.(2024·上海6月，书面表达)
(3)如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。(应用文写作之建议信)
We would be grateful if you could give your approval to/approve our proposal.
4．behave v．表现；表现得体，有礼貌[behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性]
·behave oneself行为规矩；表现得体 behave well/badly表现好/差 ·well-behaved/badly-behaved adj.表现好/差的
(1)The teacher reminded us to mind our behavio(u)r(behave) because some students behaved badly(bad) to those around them in the lecture.
(2)强烈建议你参加晚宴时，举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应该把筷子插在食物里或者用筷子指向其他人。(话题写作之文化习俗)
It is highly recommended that you (should) behave yourself/well when attending feasts.As a well-behaved guest，you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point them at others.
1．In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to as feedback.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。
2．A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(while作并列连词，表示对比)
微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、看向别处可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或引起摩擦。
3．The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。
4．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.(强调句)
也正是通过那些外来词，新思想的传播以及不同的观念的交流得以更加便捷、迅速。
5．No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.(no sooner...than...)
我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的，就该回国了。
·no sooner...than...引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。 ·no sooner位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而than后面的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有scarcely/hardly...when...。 ·常见的表示“一……就……”的还有：as soon as...，the moment/minute/instant/second，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./v.-ing...。
(1)这位作家一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，表达了他们对他真诚的钦佩。(读后续写之场景描写)
No sooner had the writer stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause，showing their sincere admiration for him.(no sooner...than...的倒装结构)
(2)一听到你打算为“今日亚洲”投稿并展示中国的成就，我就难掩激动之情。
(2024·北京，书面表达)
As soon as I heard that you intended to contribute to “Asia Today” and showcase China’s achievements，I could hardly hide my excitement.(as soon as)
(3)一听到比赛的枪声响起，大家都向前冲去，只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
On hearing the gunshots of the race ring out，everyone just rushed forward，only a small thin body staggering behind.(on doing...)
(4)我一下飞机，就疯狂地穿过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了站台上的第一辆出租车。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
The moment/minute/instant/second I got off the plane，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.(the moment/minute/instant/second)
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共8分)
1．encode vt.把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)
2．decode vt.解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
3．handwriting n．手写，书写；笔迹，书法
4．enterprise n．公司，企业；规划，事业
5．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
6．taboo n．禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
7．bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的
8．intervention n．干涉行为，干预
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共10分)
1．recite vt.吟诵；列举
2．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明
3．gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益 n．好处，利益
4．gesture n．手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示
5．accent n．口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 vt.着重，强调，突出
6．sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地
7．contest n．比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议
8．obtain vt.获得，赢得
9．tone n．语气，腔调；风格，特色
10．integrate vt. & vi. (使)合并；(使)加入
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共24分)
1．suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服→suitable adj.适合的；适宜的
2．fold vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n．褶，褶层，折叠部分→unfold vt.打开；呈现
3．preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物→prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
4．embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassment n．窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据
5．intention n．计划，意图→intend vt.计划；打算
6．sympathy n．同情；赞同→sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的，支持的→sympathetically adv.同情地
7．tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好→tend vi.& vt.趋向；趋于；照顾
8．competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的→competence n．能力；胜任；本领
9．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观，悲观情绪；悲观主义
10．fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共6分)
1．in response作为回答，作为反应
2．refer to参考；指的是
3．be based on以……为基础
4．be pessimistic about对……悲观
5．under this circumstance在这种情况下
6．for instance例如
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1.5分，共27分)
1．I believe that you will understand my decision if you put yourself in my shoes.
2．You have to negotiate with the locals to get better prices to buy what you need.
3．She opposed strongly my going abroad but her opposition didn’t work.(oppose)
4．His suggestion was unexpectedly rejected.He was ashamed of that rejection.(reject)
5．The old man slipped and fell down because the road covered with ice was too slippery.(slip)
6．Behave yourself，or you will be blamed by others because of your bad behavio(u)r.(behave)
7．I will not tolerate that behaviour in my class；what’s more，no one will be tolerant of that.(tolerate)
8．As adults，what we say should correspond with/to what we do and we should shoulder corresponding(correspond) responsibility.
9．Tom had hoped that his plan could meet with the manager’s approval and from the manager’s expression，he knew that his plan was approved.(approve)
10．A survey was conducted in the company to find out the employees’ reaction to the new regulations.It turned out that they reacted against them.(react)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共15分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.我很遗憾听说你的父母不赞成你在业余时间从事你的爱好。(approve，宾语从句) 2.首先，你的父母可能有他们不允许你这样做的顾虑和理由。(account for，定语从句) 3.你和父母交流得越多，他们就越有可能理解你的想法。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) 4.我真诚地希望，通过沟通和理解，你能够和你父母达成共识，继续追求你的爱好。(reach a consensus，强调句型) Dear Li Lei， I’m sorry to hear 1.that your parents don’t approve of you engaging in your hobbies during your spare time.However，don’t be too upset about it. First of all，your parents may have their concerns and reasons 2.which/that account for not allowing you to do so.You should put yourself in your parents’ shoes.Secondly，it is important to have a positive attitude and try to communicate with your parents.3.The more you communicate with your parents，the more likely they are to understand your thoughts.Finally，I suggest you come up with a plan to balance your hobbies and studies. I sincerely hope that 4.it is through communication and understanding that you can reach a consensus with your parents and continue to pursue your hobbies. Yours， Wang Kai
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．In recent years，the mail① service industry in China has seen rapid development，making it increasingly convenient for people to mail② mail③，including important documents，urgent packages，and various goods，to remote regions in China.
①n.邮政　②vt.邮寄　③n.邮件
2．The keen expert has been insisting on spreading Chinese ancient customs that still obtain① and he has obtained② financial support from the government.
①vi.流行　②vt.获得
3．Having strong enterprise①，he made up his mind to build an enterprise② in Shanghai to make his fortune.
①n.事业心　②n.企业
4．The photographer who is generous and straightforward① is patiently explaining the instructions which are not straightforward② at all.
①adj.坦诚的　②adj.简单的
5．We have tailored a new suit① that suits② the formal occasion for you，so please come to pick it up when the time suits③you.
①n.西装，套装　②v.适合，适宜　③v.对(某人)方便
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．You have approved of my idea，which is a privilege for me.
2．Not knowing how to behave myself(I) at table，I was full of tension.
3．Being a bad-tempered man，he would not tolerate having(have) his lectures interrupted.
4．He has a tendency to be(be) late for appointments，which often annoys his friends or relatives.
5．Although I resigned，I always corresponded with my former colleagues to get mental comfort.
6．No sooner had the barber moved in than the noise began and rarely did he get a full night’s sleep.
7．Advertising can influence consumers’ moods，which in turn can influence consumers’ reactions to products.
8．I had sympathy for Tom from the bottom of my heart，who was leading a miserable life full of adversities.
9．He has a short fuse and will suddenly explode anytime，while his brother is good-tempered and tolerant.
10．Agriculture is a water-intensive business，accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption.
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
Last Saturday，we attended a lecture 1.given(give) by a knowledgeable linguist on how to be a 2.competent(competence) communicator.
Firstly，we should figure out the whole procedure of communication 3.which/that involves the encoding，decoding and feedback of information.Besides，obtain as much as others’ information so that we can choose the best communication channel that 4.suits(suit) the situation.For example，when we negotiate 5.with a large enterprise，we should talk in a straightforward way.6.Additionally(addition)，proper body language can help us avoid friction.Lastly，the value of empathy should 7.be accented(accent)．In other words，it is important that we should put 8.ourselves(we) in their shoes.While we may not approve of others’ ideas，we should try to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them as well as adjust our tone.
In 9.a word，from the lecture，we have gained much knowledge about effective munication(communicate) and broadened our minds!
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。内容包括： 1.赞成的理由；2.反对的理由；3.你的看法。
完成句子
1．对于学生是否应该在网上交友，不同的人有不同的反应。有些人支持而有些人反对。(react，approve，while表对比)
　
2．支持它的人认为正是通过在线聊天，学生才可以更自由地表达自己的感受和意见，甚至可以获得外语学习方面的帮助。(强调句型)
　
3．其他反对此观点的人认为在网上交朋友是浪费时间。学生花在网上的时间越长，越容易沉迷于虚拟的世界。(oppose，现在分词短语作后置定语，it作形式宾语，the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
　
4．我认为，我们学生应该利用互联网来开阔我们的眼界，并把我们的学习、健康和安全放在其他事情之上。(broaden one’s mind，同位语从句)
　
5．至于友谊，我更喜欢在我们的同学和我们周围的人身上找到它。(preference)
　
组句成篇　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Should Students Make Friends Online
Different people react differently to whether students should make friends online.Some people approve of it，while others are opposed to it.
People who approve of it believe it is through chatting online that students are able to express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language learning.Others opposing it think it a waste of time making friends online.The more time students spend online，the more likely they are to become addicted to the virtual world.
I hold the belief that we students should use Internet to broaden our minds and place our study，health and safety above other things.As for friendship，I have a preference for finding it in our classmates and other people around us.
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的　empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情→empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣　sympathy n．同情；赞同　embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的　tolerate vt.容许；容忍 pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的　sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地
[动作描写]　react vi.(对……)作出反应　obtain vt.获得，赢得　fold vt.折叠　gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益　gesture vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示　recite vt.吟诵；列举　slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入
美句 1.If you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.(场景描写) 2.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(动作描写) 3.If someone looks at you with a confused expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.(神态描写) 4.Seek to understand the other person’s emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：头部动作
词块 1.drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one’s head低头　2.nod/shake one’s head 点/摇头　3.put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands 双手抱头　4.raise one’s head 抬头　5.rest one’s head on/against把头靠在……上面 6.scratch one’s head 挠头　7.throw one’s head back 把头往后仰
句型 1.As soon as he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep. 他一回到家，就把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。 2.Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes. 她母亲停下家务活，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。 3.I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping. 我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。 4.I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes. 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
语料运用　沟通与交际
Misunderstood by her friend，Sophie was so embarrassed that ①she scratched her head and felt an urge to dash out of the classroom.Just at that moment，she felt a gentle touch on her arm.②Raising her head(现在分词短语作状语)，she saw it was Miss Zhang who ③nodded and smiled at her/smiled at her with a nod.Though she was in a bad mood，she ④dropped/hung/lowered her head to hide it and forced a smile.After knowing the reason，Miss Zhang comforted her and encouraged her to communicate with her friend.Gathering her courage，Sophie headed for where her friend sat.
被朋友误解了，索菲感到很尴尬，她挠了挠头，想冲出教室。就在这时，她感到有人轻轻地碰了一下她的胳膊。她抬头一看，原来是张老师在向她点头微笑。虽然她心情不好，但她低下头强作掩饰，强颜欢笑。得知原因后，张老师安慰并鼓励她与朋友沟通。索菲鼓起勇气，朝她朋友坐的地方走去。
单元主题组合练
(分值：62.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东泰安模拟预测)
While most coffee shops offer free Wi-Fi connections to get more customers，Offline Club，a ①pop-up cafe in Amsterdam，offers a different connection where a Wi-Fi signal is unnecessary.Upon entering，its members leave their devices behind，grab a coffee，and enjoy a 90s’ atmosphere.
Ilya Kneppelhout，who started the Offline Club，said that the club is for people overwhelmed by their busy lives and constant notifications，according to Inside Edition.He added that their members want to cut down on their social media and screen time and focus on in-person connections—a simple idea，but participants enjoy it.
One of their members said，“Being with the club makes you feel present in a way you didn’t expect”．“It felt a bit like travelling in time and made me feel nostalgic(怀旧的) about the way bars and cafes used to be because nowadays，those are places we’re only going to with friends and people we already know and spend time doing digital things like work，” another member added.
The founders believe this concept could work in other cities，too.Kneppelhout stated that they want to spread the idea worldwide.“Right now，we’re getting together with a franchising concept，and we hope to have ②offline detox events in the entire world for people to reconnect，” he said.
Meanwhile，the Internet and computers are deeply integrated into our lives.Being addicted to the Internet can hurt you in different ways，both in body and emotions.Given this，the digital detox provided by the Offline Club could be helpful for individuals who feel they spend too much time online.It’s a chance to reduce stress and focus more on talking to people.It also helps stop us from becoming too reliant on technology.Ultimately，a digital detox is about stepping back to connect with what really matters.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Ilya Kneppelhout创办线下俱乐部，来鼓励人们进行真正的互动。
1．Why did Ilya Kneppelhout start the Offline Club
A．To ease life pressure.
B．To refuse social media.
C．To attract more customers.
D．To encourage real interaction.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He added that their members want to cut down on their social media and screen time and focus on in-person connections—a simple idea，but participants enjoy it.”可知，Ilya Kneppelhout创办线下俱乐部是为了鼓励真正的互动。故选D。
2．How did the members feel about the club
A．Content with the club.
B．Worried about the club.
C．Tired of the visit to the club.
D．Scared of the club’s atmosphere.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“One of their members said，‘Being with the club makes you feel present in a way you didn’t expect’．‘It felt a bit like travelling in time and made me feel nostalgic(怀旧的) about the way bars and cafes used to be...’ another member added.”可知，会员们对俱乐部感到满意。故选A。
3．What can we draw from Ilya Kneppelhout’s words
A．People in the club deny real bonds.
B．He expects the world can reconnect.
C．People have been disturbed by the club.
D．The club has been a hit in other cities.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“‘Right now，we’re getting together with a franchising concept，and we hope to have offline detox events in the entire world for people to reconnect，’ he said.”可知，他希望世界能够重新连接起来。故选B。
4．What do the underlined words “the digital detox” mean in the last paragraph
A．Avoiding online communication.
B．Resisting the use of digital device.
C．Taking a break from the Internet.
D．Surfing the Internet for information.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Being addicted to the Internet can hurt you in different ways，both in body and emotions...”以及后文“be helpful for individuals who feel they spend too much time online...”可知，暂时不上网对于花太多时间上网的人有帮助，故画线词“the digital detox”意为“暂时不上网”。故选C。
语境猜词 ①pop-up(合)＝pop＋up adj.临时的 ②offline(合)＝off＋line adj.线下的，离线的
B
Is ①forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question，we need to ask a further question：What is the essence of our humanity ②For the sake of simplicity，people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation，mutual respect，and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for ③harmonious interactions.For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note，when we take a classical philosophical perspective，that of Aristotle，we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice.
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“宽恕是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了宽恕在个体和群体中的作用和意义。
5．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A．People should offer mercy to others.
B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them.”可知，Droll认为给予宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，即他认为宽恕者在损害自己的幸福。故选D。
6．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A．To forgive is to love.
B．To dominate is to harm.
C．To fight is to grow.
D．To give is to receive.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。因此可以推断，举奴隶社会的例子是以反问的方式来阐明，试图通过权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B。
7．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A．Favorable. B．Reserved.
C．Objective. D．Skeptical.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第三段可知，作者认为宽恕在个体和群体生物学和心理学完整性中起关键作用，还提到宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环，并且能够治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于宽恕是支持的。故选A。
8．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Forgiveness is in our nature.
B．Forgiveness grows with time.
C．It takes practice to forgive.
D．Actuality is based on potentiality.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段的“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice.”可知，宽恕并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践。故选C。
语境猜词 ①forgiveness(派)＝forgive＋ness n．宽恕；原谅 ②for the sake of为了 ③harmonious(派)＝harmon(y→i)＋ous adj.和谐的；融洽的
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·湖南模拟预测)
①Behavioral scientists have found that good listening is one of the most important things we can do to improve our relationships. 1 At its core，listening in a one-on-one conversation is about taking an interest in another person and making him/her feel understood. 2 But some recurring(重复出现的) features include attentiveness，conveying understanding，and showing a positive intention towards the speaker.
In addition to actively attending to a speaker’s words，good listeners also use questions and body language that indicate their understanding and their desire to understand.This might feel awkward at first，and what’s most effective might depend on your relationship with the speaker. 3 Another great way to show your understanding is by summarizing what you just heard and asking if you have missed anything.Summaries like this show the speaker that you’re truly trying to understand him/her rather than just waiting for your turn to talk.But while a good conversation requires back and forth，planning out your response while the speaker is talking is a common way to miss what’s being said. 4 This might feel embarrassing，but asking for ②clarification actually shows that you’re committed to understanding.
5 It’s okay to ask for a moment to formulate your response and taking a beat to think can help speakers reflect on their speech as well.
These might seem like small changes，but together they make a big difference.And when people feel heard，they report more satisfaction，trust，and connection in their relationships.
A．Finally，don’t be afraid of silence.
B．So，what can we do to become better listeners
C．It’s possible to know what truly excellent listening looks like.
D．But with time and practice，you can internalize these basic behaviors.
E．There’s no universally agreed-upon definition of high-quality listening.
F．Researchers have found that smiling and nodding at set intervals doesn’t quite work.
G．So try to stay present and if you lose focus，don’t be shy about asking the speaker to repeat what you missed.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍倾听在改善人际关系中的重要性，并提供了成为更好倾听者的建议，包括专注、表达理解、积极反馈、不畏惧沉默以及适时请求澄清，以促进对话双方的满意、信任和联系。
1．答案　B
解析　上文“Behavioral scientists have found that good listening is one of the most important things we can do to improve our relationships.”说明良好的倾听能够改善人际关系。B项“那么，我们能做些什么来成为更好的听众呢？”承接上文，同时引出下文中所给的建议。故选B。
2．答案　E
解析　下文“But some recurring(重复出现的) features include attentiveness，conveying understanding，and showing a positive intention towards the speaker.”说明好的倾听者会有一些重复出现的特征。空处和下文形成转折关系，E项中的“no universally agreed-upon definition of high-quality listening”和下文中的“some recurring(重复出现的) features”形成对比，说明高质量的倾听并没有一个公认的定义，但是也有一些重复出现的特征。故选E。
3．答案　D
解析　上文“In addition to actively attending to a speaker’s words，good listeners also use questions and body language...depend on your relationship with the speaker.”说明在初次尝试使用问题和肢体语言时可能会感到尴尬。D项中的“these basic behaviors”指代上文中的“use questions and body language that indicate their understanding and their desire to understand”，说明虽然一开始这些行为可能会让人感到尴尬，但是随着时间和实践，你可以内化这些基本行为。故选D。
4．答案　G
解析　上文“But while a good conversation requires back and forth，planning out your response while the speaker is talking is a common way to miss what’s being said.”说明说话者讲话时规划你的回答是错过所说内容的常见方式，空处承上启下，G项中的“repeat what you missed”和上文“miss what’s being said”相呼应，“don’t be shy about asking the speaker”和下文“asking for clarification”相呼应，说明G项“所以，尽量保持专注，如果你注意力不集中，不要羞于让说话者重复你错过的内容”符合语境。故选G。
5．答案　A
解析　下文“It’s okay to ask for a moment to formulate your response and taking a beat to think can help speakers reflect on their speech as well.”说明需要沉默的反思。A项“最后，不要害怕沉默”适合作为段落的开头，引出下文。故选A。
语境猜词 ①behavioral(派)＝behavior＋al adj.行为的 ②clarification(派)＝clarif(y)＋ication n．澄清，阐明
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.He 1 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.The touching 2 has left many saying their “faith” in ①humanity has been 3 .
The mum shared her experience on social media， 4 that she was driving out when the man 5 her car，clearly trying to send a signal.
“He shouted ‘you have a ②flat tyre’． 6 him immediately，I drove to the nearby 7-Eleven petrol station to pump up(打气)—the tyre...but no，it was 7 flat，” the mum said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car and 8 her to the station. 9 she thought they were to fill up petrol but was 10 when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand.
“They didn’t want my baby and me to end up in a(n) 11 ” she said.“Asking me if I had a 12 wheel，Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son.”
Saying the family were a 13 to the community，she remarked，“Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s 14 as you never know what would come back to bite you but today I am deeply 15 .”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女士在社交媒体上分享的经历：她的车胎瘪了，一位陌生男子及其儿子主动帮助她更换轮胎，让她深感人间仍有温暖。
1．A.spotted B．revealed
C．concluded D．forgot
答案　A
解析　spot发现；reveal揭示；conclude得出结论；forget忘记。根据后文“there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help”可知，他发现了她的车子有问题。故选A。
2．A.idea B．expression
C．act D．ceremony
答案　C
解析　idea想法；expression表达；act行为；ceremony仪式。根据前文“He there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知，本空指那位男士帮助女士的具体行为。故选C。
3．A.lost B．restored
C．exercised D．shaken
答案　B
解析　lose失去；restore恢复；exercise练习；shake动摇。根据前文“The touching ________ has left many saying their ‘faith’ in humanity has been”可知，这一感人的善举让许多人表示他们对人性的“信任”得到了恢复。故选B。
4．A.predicting B．complaining
C．denying D．explaining
答案　D
解析　predict预测；complain抱怨；deny否认；explain解释。根据前文“The mum shared her experience on social media”和后文“she was driving out when the man her car，clearly trying to send a signal”可知，她在社交媒体上解释了事情发生的经过。故选D。
5．A.checked out B．got into
C．pointed to D．looked after
答案　C
解析　check out结账离开；get into进入；point to指向；look after照顾。根据后文“her car，clearly trying to send a signal”可知，那位男士指向她的车，显然是想发出信号。故选C。
6．A.Contacting B．Noticing
C．Thanking D．Recognizing
答案　C
解析　contact联系；notice注意到；thank感谢；recognize认出。根据上文“He shouted ‘you have a flat tyre’．”可知，女士听到对方的提醒之后应当是表示感谢。故选C。
7．A.slightly B．completely
C．accidentally D．hardly
答案　B
解析　slightly轻微地；completely完全地；accidentally意外地；hardly几乎不。根据前文“you have a flat tyre”“I drove to the nearby 7-Eleven petrol station to pump up(打气)—the tyre...but no”和后文“flat”可知，轮胎已经无法通过充气来解决问题，说明它是完全瘪了。故选B。
8．A.followed B．walked
C．guided D．hurried
答案　A
解析　follow跟随；walk步行；guide引导；hurry急忙。根据后文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，男士为了确保她的安全，跟随她去了加油站。故选A。
9．A.Occasionally B．Fortunately
C．Eventually D．Initially
答案　D
解析　occasionally偶尔；fortunately幸运地；eventually最终；initially最初。根据后文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，最初她以为他们只是来加油的，后来才知道他们是来帮忙的。故选D。
10．A.puzzled B．astonished
C．amused D．panicked
答案　B
解析　puzzled困惑的；astonished惊讶的；amused觉得好笑的；panicked惊慌的。根据前文“she thought they were to fill up petrol”和后文“when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，最初她以为他们只是来加油的，当男士及其儿子主动提出帮助时，她感到非常惊讶。故选B。
11．A.accident B．mess
C．conflict D．adventure
答案　A
解析　accident事故；mess混乱；conflict冲突；adventure冒险。根据前文“‘...it was _________ flat，’ the mum said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car...”可知，这里指的是男士及其儿子不希望她和孩子发生交通事故。故选A。
12．A.flat B．fancy
C．spare D．unique
答案　C
解析　flat瘪的；fancy花哨的；spare备用的；unique独特的。根据后文“Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son”可知，Ron问这位妈妈是否有备用轮胎。故选C。
13．A.blessing B．relief
C．sadness D．joy
答案　A
解析　blessing祝福；relief解脱；sadness悲伤；joy喜悦。根据前文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.He there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知，这里指的是这个家庭的行为给社区带来了积极的影响，她认为这个家庭是社会的福气。故选A。
14．A.belongings B．business
C．privacy D．steps
答案　B
解析　belongings财产；business事务；privacy隐私；step步骤。根据前文“Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s”和后文“as you never know what would come back to bite you”可知，许多人不想管别人的事。故选B。
15．A.anxious B．contented
C．regretful D．grateful
答案　D
解析　anxious焦虑的；contented满足的；regretful后悔的；grateful感激的。根据前文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.”和“but today I am deeply”可知，这里指的是她对他们的帮助感到感激。故选D。
语境猜词 ①humanity(派)＝human＋ity n．人性 ②flat(熟义：adj.平的，平坦的) 生义(文义)：adj.(轮胎)没气的，瘪的
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·河北保定二模)
The Three Mountains (Fragrant Hills，Jade Spring Hill and Longevity Hill) and Five Gardens (Jingming Garden，Jingyi Garden，the Summer Palace，Changchun Garden and Yuanmingyuan) represent the rich cultural and historical heritage of Beijing.1.____________(primary) serving as leisure places 2.____________ emperors and their family could relax and entertain，they are now ①treasured as sites of natural beauty as well as repositories(存放处) of the nation’s historical and cultural heritage.
Many important cultural items that 3.____________(house) in the Three Mountains and Five Gardens were lost in the last century.But recently,69 important long-lost cultural relics(文物) have been recreated 4.____________ digital form and are now being presented to the public.This is an achievement of the “Three Mountains and Five Gardens Dispersed(流散的) Cultural Relics ②Three-dimensional Database Construction Project”，5.____________(lead) by Wu Xiaomin，the director of the Yuanmingyuan Research Center.
The completion of these 69 digital cultural relic models is the result of cooperative efforts 6.____________(involve) many volunteers both at home and abroad.“We ③reached out to scholars and artists in France，as well as overseas students，and asked them to help 7.____________(we) gather information about the dispersed cultural relics，” Wu says.
The project has created a digital museum that provides a comprehensive and 8.__________ (system) exhibition of dispersed cultural relics in seven 9.__________(category)．Each artwork is accompanied by 10.____________ unique mini-program.With technologies such as virtual reality，the exhibition hall offers visitors an experience of close-up appreciation of the items.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。北京的“三山五园”代表了北京丰富的文化和历史遗产，但是其中的许多重要文物已经丢失了。最近，69件久未面世的文物以数字形式被重建并展示。
1．答案　Primarily
解析　考查副词。分析句子成分可知，此处用副词作状语，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Primarily。
2．答案　where
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是leisure places，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故此处用关系副词where。故填where。
3．答案　were housed/had been housed
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句中含有一个定语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，这里说的是过去的事实，故用一般过去时，此处house是动词，意为“收藏，存放”，与主语Many important cultural items构成动宾关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。如果此处强调时间先后，也可以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填were housed/had been housed。
4．答案　in
解析　考查介词。“in...form”意为“以……形式”，为固定用法。故填in。
5．答案　led
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处填非谓语动词，动词lead与其逻辑主语“Three Mountains and Five Gardens Dispersed(流散的) Cultural Relics Three-dimensional Database Construction Project”构成动宾关系，故此处用过去分词；led by Wu Xiaomin是过去分词短语作后置定语。故填led。
6．答案　involving
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处填非谓语动词，动词involve与其逻辑主语cooperative efforts构成主谓关系，故此处用现在分词；involving many volunteers both at home and abroad是现在分词短语作后置定语。故填involving。
7．答案　us
解析　考查代词。此处作动词help的宾语。故填us。
8．答案　systematic
解析　考查形容词。根据并列的形容词comprehensive可知，此处用形容词作定语。故填systematic。
9．答案　categories
解析　考查名词复数。根据空前的修饰词seven可知，此处用名词复数。故填categories。
10．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。此处是泛指，故用不定冠词，又因为unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故此处用不定冠词a。故填a。
语境猜词 ①treasure(转)n.→v.珍视 ②three-dimensional(合)＝three＋dimensional adj.三维的 ③reach out to (主动)联系(共91张PPT)
Understanding each other
选择性必修第四册　 Unit 2
内容索引
过基础　知识排查
查重点　夯基固本
提能力　主题写作
过基础　知识排查
Part One
含义
adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的
词汇
gentle
必备词汇
延伸
拓展
[派]gently adv.温柔地；温和地；文静地
gentleness n.和蔼；温和；温柔
过关
含义
vt.把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)
词汇
encode
延伸
拓展
code n.密码；暗码；代码；行为规范 ；道德准则 ；法典
vt.为……编码；把……译成密码
[反]decode vt.解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
含义
n.电子邮件；邮政 ；邮件
词汇
mail
含义
adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
词汇
competent
延伸
拓展
[派]competence n.能力；胜任；本领
be competent in sth胜任/有能力做某事
含义
vt.获得，赢得 vi.(规则、习俗等)存在；流行
词汇
obtain
含义
vt.满足需要；相配，合身
n.套装，西装，西服
词汇
suit
延伸
拓展
[派]suitable adj.适合的；适宜的
unsuitable adj.不适合的；不适宜的
be suitable for对……适合的
be suitable to do sth适合做某事
含义
vi.& vt.谈判；商定，达成(协议)
词汇
negotiate
延伸
拓展
[派]negotiation n.谈判；磋商
negotiate with sb about sth＝negotiate sth with sb与某人协商某事
under negotiation在协商中；在谈判中
含义
n.公司，企业；规划，事业
词汇
enterprise
含义
adj.坦诚的 ；简单的
词汇
straightforward
含义
vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n.褶，褶层，折叠部分
词汇
fold
含义
n.争执 ；摩擦；摩擦力
词汇
friction
延伸
拓展
[反]unfold vt.打开；呈现
[派]folding adj.可折叠的
含义
adj.博学的，有见识的
词汇
knowledgeable
延伸
拓展
knowledge n.知识；学问；了解
have a good knowledge of精通；掌握
含义
n.同感，共鸣，同情
词汇
empathy
延伸
拓展
[派]empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣
含义
处于某人的境地，设身处地
词汇
put yourself in sb’s shoes
含义
是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
词汇
account for sth
含义
n.语气，腔调；风格，特色
词汇
tone
含义
vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益
n.好处，利益
词汇
gain
含义
n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示
vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示
词汇
gesture
含义
adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实
词汇
precisely
延伸
拓展
precise adj.精确的，准确的；恰好的，确切的
含义
n.偏爱；偏爱的事物
词汇
preference
延伸
拓展
prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
have/show a preference for偏爱，对……有偏好
含义
n.果酱 ；拥挤，堵塞
词汇
jam
含义
n.禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
词汇
taboo
含义
adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
词汇
embarrassed
延伸
拓展
embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难
[派]embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
embarrassment n.窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据
含义
n.计划，意图
词汇
intention
延伸
拓展
intend vt.计划；打算
[派]intentional adj.故意的；有意的；存心的
with the intention of...目的是……
含义
vi.符合，相一致；类似于；通信
词汇
correspond
延伸
拓展
[派]correspondence n.一致；相似；通信；信件
corresponding adj.相应的；符合的
correspond with/to sth与……一致/相符合
correspond with sb与某人通信
in correspondence with...与……通信；和……一致
含义
vt.容许；容忍
词汇
tolerate
延伸
拓展
[派]tolerance n.忍耐；容忍
tolerant adj.忍耐的
含义
vt.吟诵；列举
词汇
recite
延伸
拓展
[派]recitation n.朗诵；朗读
recital n.朗诵会
含义
n.口音，腔调；重音 ；着重点，强调
vt.着重，强调，突出
词汇
accent
含义
n.手写，书写；笔迹，书法
词汇
handwriting
含义
adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的
词汇
fluent
延伸
拓展
[派]fluently adv.流利地；流畅地
fluency n.流利；流畅
be fluent in...在……方面很流畅/流利
含义
vi.合作，协作；配合
词汇
cooperate
延伸
拓展
[派]cooperative adj.合作的；协作的
cooperation n.合作；配合
含义
vt.提及，列举；引用，引述
词汇
cite
含义
拓展视野，开阔眼界
词汇
broaden one’s mind
含义
n.坦克；(装液体的)罐
词汇
tank
含义
vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入
词汇
integrate
延伸
拓展
[派]integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的
integration n.结合；融合
integrate A into/with B把A和B合并在一起
integrate into/with...加入/融入……
含义
adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的
词汇
bilingual
含义
vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒
词汇
oppose
延伸
拓展
[派]opposed adj.反对的；对立的
opposite adj.相反的；对面的 prep.在……对面
opposition n.反对，反抗
oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事
含义
n.干涉行为，干预
词汇
intervention
延伸
拓展
intervene vi.干预；介入
含义
adj.纯净的；完全的
词汇
pure
延伸
拓展
[派]purely adv.完全地；纯粹地
purify vt.净化；使……洁净
含义
vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异
词汇
reject
延伸
拓展
[派]rejection n.拒绝接受；不予考虑；不录用
含义
adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
词汇
pessimistic
延伸
拓展
be pessimistic about 对……悲观
[反]optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
[派]pessimism n.悲观，悲观情绪；悲观主义
含义
adj.日耳曼语的；德国的
词汇
Germanic
延伸
拓展
German adj.德国的 n.德语；德国人
[派]Germany n.德国
含义
n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人
词汇
linguist
延伸
拓展
lingual adj.语言的
含义
n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好
词汇
tendency
延伸
拓展
tend vi.& vt.趋向；趋于；照顾
have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
含义
n.滑板
词汇
skateboard
含义
adv.真诚地，诚实地
词汇
sincerely
延伸
拓展
sincere adj.真诚的；诚实的
[派]sincerity n.真诚；诚挚
含义
vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入
n.差错 ；纸条 ；滑跤
词汇
slip
延伸
拓展
[派]slippery adj.滑的；狡猾的；棘手的
含义
n.栅栏，篱笆
词汇
fence
含义
n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争
vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议
词汇
contest
延伸
拓展
[派]contestant n.竞争者；比赛者
含义
vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明
词汇
clarify
延伸
拓展
[派]clarification n.澄清；净化
动词后缀-fy：后缀-fy表示“使成为，将……变为，……化”，如：clarify由clar(清楚的，明白的)＋i＋fy(使……)组成，译为“澄清；阐明”。类似的还有：identify vt.辨认；horrify vt.使大为震惊；simplify vt.简化；terrify vt.使十分害怕。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)Failure can never defeat me but only intensify my desire to succeed.
(2)Getting into Yale may signify intelligence，talent and ambition.
(3)As far as I am concerned，it is rude of us to uglify others and we should treat others as they are.
(4)The Energy Department plans to solidify the deadly waste in a high-tech billion-dollar factory.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
___________(猜加颜色词义)
________
________
____________
vt.增强
vt.预示
vt.丑化
vt.(使)凝固
1.Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.
2.I think the best way to enlarge your vocabulary is reading English novels.
3.The situation has improved somewhat，which is beyond our expectations.
4.From kindergarten through sixth grade，most children in New York City attend neighborhood public schools.
___________
_______
______
_______
阅读词汇
识记
反馈的意见
有点
幼儿园
词汇量
5.Mapo beancurd is made of tofu and bean-based sauce，which is often topped with minced meat，usually pork or beef.
6.To make his dream come true，he goes to a faraway place to learn kung fu from a master.
7.The way to change people’s minds is to make friends with them，to integrate them into your tribe，and to bring them into your circle.
______
______
______
豆腐
功夫
部落
8.The Student Association strongly recommends that the school canteen should provide more categories of foods.
9.Bacon is also high in protein but，like other processed meats，also shouldn’t be consumed daily.
10.Local activities include walking，boating and golf.
______
________________
______________
食堂
咸猪肉，熏猪肉
高尔夫球运动
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
探究
重点词汇
react
1
vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应(reaction n.反应)
·react to对……作出反应
react with与……起(化学)反应
react against反对；反抗；反叛
·in reaction to对……作出反应/以应对……
(1)Only when we react emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way.(应用文写作之建议信)
to
(2)As the knowledgeable expert says，children tend to react ________
their parents by going against their wishes.
(3)Our chemistry teacher did an experiment to show how iron reacted
air and water，from which we gained a lot.
(4)我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。
We have no choice but to use the spray .
against
with
in reaction to the bear’s attack
sympathy
·have (no) sympathy for sb(不)同情某人
out of sympathy出于同情
with sympathy(＝sympathetically)同情地
·be sympathetic to/towards...赞同某事；同情某人
n.同情；赞同(sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的，支持的sympathetically adv.同情地)
(1)出于对这个无家可归的孩子的同情，老人留他过夜。
，the old man gave him a shelter for the night.
2
Out of sympathy for the homeless child
(2)梅雷迪思夫人同情那些急需帮助的穷人，出于同情，她一有时间就给他们送去食物和药品。
Mrs Meredith _______________________________________________
who urgently needed help，and ，she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.
was sympathetic towards/to the poor/had sympathy for
the poor
out of sympathy
(3)我同情地说：“在医院照顾好自己，我向你保证我不会让你失望。”
(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
I said ，“Take care of yourself in hospital and I assure you that I won’t let you down.”
with sympathy/sympathetically
approve
v.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)(approval n.赞成，同意；批准，认可 approving adj.赞成的)
(1)Now that you have approved my idea，I will introduce it to you in detail.(应用文写作之告知信)
of
3
·approve of (sb/sb’s) doing sth赞成/同意(某人)做某事
·get/win one’s approval得到某人的同意；赢得某人的赞同
give one’s approval to sth 批准某事
(2)Seeing your dedication first-hand could be the key to gaining their
(approve) and support.
(2024·上海6月，书面表达)
(3)如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。(应用文写作之建议信)
We would be grateful if ______________________________________
.
approval
you could give your approval to/approve our
proposal
behave
v.表现；表现得体，有礼貌[behavio(u)r n.行为；举止；习性]
(1)The teacher reminded us to mind our (behave) because some students behaved (bad) to those around them in the lecture.
behavio(u)r
4
badly
·behave oneself行为规矩；表现得体
behave well/badly表现好/差
·well-behaved/badly-behaved adj.表现好/差的
(2)强烈建议你参加晚宴时，举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应该把筷子插在食物里或者用筷子指向其他人。(话题写作之文化习俗)
It is highly recommended that when attending feasts. ，you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point them at others.
you (should) behave yourself/well
As a well-behaved guest
1
In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to as feedback.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。
A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(while作并列连词，表示对比)
微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、看向别处可能表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或引起摩擦。
2
悟通
经典句式
3
The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。
It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
(强调句)
也正是通过那些外来词，新思想的传播以及不同的观念的交流得以更加便捷、迅速。
4
5
No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.(no sooner...than...)
我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的，就该回国了。
·no sooner...than...引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通
常用一般过去时。
·no sooner位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而than后面的从句不倒装。有
类似用法的还有scarcely/hardly...when...。
·常见的表示“一……就……”的还有：as soon as...，the moment/minute/
instant/second，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./v.-ing...。
(1)这位作家一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，表达了他们对他真诚的钦佩。(读后续写之场景描写)
____________________________________________________________
，showing their sincere admiration for him.
(no sooner...than...的倒装结构)
No sooner had the writer stepped on the stage than the audience broke
into thunderous applause
(2)一听到你打算为“今日亚洲”投稿并展示中国的成就，我就难掩激动之情。
(2024·北京，书面表达)
you intended to contribute to “Asia Today” and showcase China’s achievements，I could hardly hide my excitement.
(as soon as)
As soon as I heard that
(3)一听到比赛的枪声响起，大家都向前冲去，只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
，everyone just rushed forward，only a small thin body staggering behind.(on doing...)
On hearing the gunshots of the race ring out
(4)我一下飞机，就疯狂地穿过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了站台上的第一辆出租车。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.(the moment/minute/instant/second)
The moment/minute/instant/second I got off the plane
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.encode
2.decode
3.handwriting
4.enterprise
5.kindergarten
6.taboo
7.bilingual
8.intervention
词汇默写
默写巩固
_____________________________________
________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________
_________________________
____________________________________
__________________
vt.把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)
vt.解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
n.手写，书写；笔迹，书法
n.公司，企业；规划，事业
n.学前班；幼儿园
n.禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的
n.干涉行为，干预
Ⅱ.重点单词
1.______ vt.吟诵；列举
2._______ vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明
3.______ vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益
n.好处，利益
4.________ n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示
vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示
5._______ n.口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调
vt.着重，强调，突出
recite
clarify
gain
gesture
accent
6._________ adv.真诚地，诚实地
7._______ n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争
vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议
8._______ vt.获得，赢得
9._____ n.语气，腔调；风格，特色
10._________ vt. & vi. (使)合并；(使)加入
sincerely
contest
obtain
tone
integrate
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1._____ vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n.套装，西装，西服
→________ adj.适合的；适宜的
2._____ vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n.褶，褶层，折叠部分
→_______ vt.打开；呈现
3.___________ n.偏爱；偏爱的事物
→_______ vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
suit
suitable
fold
unfold
preference
prefer
4._____________ adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
→_____________ adj.令人尴尬的
→__________ vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难
→______________ n.窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据
5.__________ n.计划，意图
→_______ vt.计划；打算
6.__________ n.同情；赞同
→____________ adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的，支持的
→______________ adv.同情地
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrass
embarrassment
intention
intend
sympathy
sympathetic
sympathetically
7.__________ n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好
→______ vi.& vt.趋向；趋于；照顾
8.___________ adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
→____________ n.能力；胜任；本领
9.___________ adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
→__________ n.悲观，悲观情绪；悲观主义
10.______ adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的
→________ adv.流利地；流畅地
→________ n.流利；流畅
tendency
tend
competent
competence
pessimistic
pessimism
fluent
fluently
fluency
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.___________ 作为回答，作为反应
2.________ 参考；指的是
3.____________ 以……为基础
4.___________________ 对……悲观
5.______________________ 在这种情况下
6.____________ 例如
in response
refer to
be based on
be pessimistic about
under this circumstance
for instance
语境运用
默写巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.I believe that you will understand my decision if you put yourself _____
my shoes.
2.You have to negotiate the locals to get better prices to buy what you need.
3.She strongly my going abroad but her didn’t work.(oppose)
4.His suggestion was unexpectedly .He was ashamed of that
.(reject)
in
with
opposed
opposition
rejected
rejection
5.The old man and fell down because the road covered with ice was too .(slip)
6. yourself，or you will be blamed by others because of your bad
.(behave)
7.I will not that behaviour in my class；what’s more，no one will be of that.(tolerate)
8.As adults，what we say should correspond what we do and we should shoulder (correspond) responsibility.
slipped
slippery
Behave
behavio(u)r
tolerate
tolerant
with/to
corresponding
9.Tom had hoped that his plan could meet with the manager’s _________
and from the manager’s expression，he knew that his plan .
(approve)
10.A survey was conducted in the company to find out the employees’
to the new regulations.It turned out that they against them.(react)
approval
reaction
was approved
reacted
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.我很遗憾听说你的父母不赞成你在业余时间从事你的爱好。(approve，宾语从句) Dear Li Lei，
I’m sorry to hear 1._____________________
during your spare time.However，don’t be too upset about it.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
that your parents don’t
approve of you engaging in your hobbies
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.首先，你的父母可能有他们不允许你这样做的顾虑和理由。(account for，定语从句) First of all，your parents may have their concerns and reasons 2._______________________
.You should put yourself in your parents’ shoes.Secondly，it is important to have a positive attitude and try to communicate with your parents.
which/that account for not
allowing you to do so
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.你和父母交流得越多，他们就越有可能理解你的想法。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) 3._____________________________________
____________________________________________________.Finally，I suggest you come up with a plan to balance your hobbies and studies.
The more you communicate with your parents，the more likely they are to understand
your thoughts
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
4.我真诚地希望，通过沟通和理解，你能够和你父母达成共识，继续追求你的爱好。(reach a consensus，强调句型) I sincerely hope that 4.______________
_____________________________________
____________________ with your parents and continue to pursue your hobbies.
Yours，
Wang Kai
it is through
communication and understanding that you can reach a consensus
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提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
查重点　夯基固本
Part Two
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.In recent years，the mail① service industry in China has seen rapid development，making it increasingly convenient for people to mail② mail③，including important documents，urgent packages，and various goods，to remote regions in China.
①_______　②_______　③_______
n.邮政
vt.邮寄
n.邮件
2.The keen expert has been insisting on spreading Chinese ancient customs that still obtain① and he has obtained② financial support from the government.
①________　②________
3.Having strong enterprise①，he made up his mind to build an enterprise② in Shanghai to make his fortune.
①_________　②_______
vi.流行
vt.获得
n.事业心
n.企业
4.The photographer who is generous and straightforward① is patiently explaining the instructions which are not straightforward② at all.
①__________　②__________
5.We have tailored a new suit① that suits② the formal occasion for you，so please come to pick it up when the time suits③you.
①_____________　②_____________　③______________
adj.坦诚的
adj.简单的
n.西装，套装
v.适合，适宜
v.对(某人)方便
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.You have approved my idea，which is a privilege for me.
2.Not knowing how to behave (I) at table，I was full of tension.
3.Being a bad-tempered man，he would not tolerate (have) his lectures interrupted.
4.He has a tendency (be) late for appointments，which often annoys his friends or relatives.
of
myself
having
to be
5.Although I resigned，I always corresponded my former colleagues to get mental comfort.
6.No sooner had the barber moved in the noise began and rarely did he get a full night’s sleep.
7.Advertising can influence consumers’ moods，which in turn can influence consumers’ reactions products.
8.I had sympathy Tom from the bottom of my heart，who was leading a miserable life full of adversities.
with
than
to
for
9.He has a short fuse and will suddenly explode anytime， his brother is good-tempered and tolerant.
10.Agriculture is a water-intensive business，accounting nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption.
while
for
Ⅲ.语法填空　语境串记单元词汇
Last Saturday，we attended a lecture 1. (give) by a knowledgeable
linguist on how to be a 2. (competence) communicator.
Firstly，we should figure out the whole procedure of communication 3. involves the encoding，decoding and feedback of information.
Besides，obtain as much as others’ information so that we can choose the best communication channel that 4. (suit) the situation.
competent
given
which/that
suits
For example，when we negotiate 5. a large enterprise，we should talk in a straightforward way.6. (addition)，proper body language can help us avoid friction.Lastly，the value of empathy should
7. (accent).In other words，it is important that we should put 8. (we) in their shoes.While we may not approve of others’ ideas，we should try to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them as well as adjust our tone.
with
Additionally
be accented
ourselves
In 9. word，from the lecture，we have gained much knowledge about effective 10. (communicate) and broadened our minds!
a
communication
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提能力　主题写作
Part Three
应用文增分练
沟通与交际
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。内容包括：
1.赞成的理由；2.反对的理由；3.你的看法。
1.对于学生是否应该在网上交友，不同的人有不同的反应。有些人支持而有些人反对。(react，approve，while表对比)
_____________________________________________________________
2.支持它的人认为正是通过在线聊天，学生才可以更自由地表达自己的感受和意见，甚至可以获得外语学习方面的帮助。(强调句型)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.其他反对此观点的人认为在网上交朋友是浪费时间。学生花在网上的时间越长，越容易沉迷于虚拟的世界。(oppose，现在分词短语作后置定语，it作形式宾语，the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
_____________________________________________________________
4.我认为，我们学生应该利用互联网来开阔我们的眼界，并把我们的学习、健康和安全放在其他事情之上。(broaden one’s mind，同位语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
5.至于友谊，我更喜欢在我们的同学和我们周围的人身上找到它。(preference)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Should Students Make Friends Online
Different people react differently to whether students should make friends online.Some people approve of it，while others are opposed to it.
People who approve of it believe it is through chatting online that students are able to express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language learning.Others opposing it think it a waste of time making friends online.The more time students spend online，the more likely they are to become addicted to the virtual world.
应用文增分练
参考范文
I hold the belief that we students should use Internet to broaden our minds and place our study，health and safety above other things.As for friendship，I have a preference for finding it in our classmates and other people around us.
亮词 [情感描写]　gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的　empathy n.同感，共鸣，同情→empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣　sympathy n.同情；赞同　embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的　tolerate vt.容许；容忍　pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的　sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地
[动作描写]　react vi.(对……)作出反应　obtain vt.获得，赢得　fold vt.折叠　gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益　gesture vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示　recite vt.吟诵；列举　slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.If you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner.(场景描写)
2.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(动作描写)
3.If someone looks at you with a confused expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.(神态描写)
4.Seek to understand the other person’s emotions，by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.(主旨升华)
动作细节描写：头部动作
词块 1.drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one’s head低头　
2.nod/shake one’s head 点/摇头　
3.put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands 双手抱头　
4.raise one’s head 抬头　
5.rest one’s head on/against把头靠在……上面
6.scratch one’s head 挠头　7.throw one’s head back 把头往后仰
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
句型 1.As soon as he got home，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep.
他一回到家，就把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。
2.Her mother stopped her housework，raising her head with worry in her eyes.
她母亲停下家务活，抬起头，眼里流露出忧虑。
3.I rose，sat close to my mother，rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping.
我站起来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。
4.I walked slowly to the bus，my head down，tears in my eyes.
我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
沟通与交际
Misunderstood by her friend，Sophie was so embarrassed that
① and felt an urge to dash out of the classroom.
Just at that moment，she felt a gentle touch on her arm. ②____________
(现在分词短语作状语)，she saw it was Miss Zhang who ③________
.
被朋友误解了，索菲感到很尴尬，她挠了挠头，想冲出教室。就在这时，她感到有人轻轻地碰了一下她的胳膊。她抬头一看，原来是张老师在向她点头微笑。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
she scratched her head
Raising her
head
nodded
and smiled at her/smiled at her with a nod
Though she was in a bad mood，she ④_____________________________
and forced a smile.After knowing the reason，Miss Zhang comforted her and encouraged her to communicate with her friend.
Gathering her courage，Sophie headed for where her friend sat.
dropped/hung/lowered her head
虽然她心情不好，但她低下头强作掩饰，强颜欢笑。得知原因后，张老师安慰并鼓励她与朋友沟通。索菲鼓起勇气，朝她朋友坐的地方走去。
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