资源简介

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．astronaut　　　 n．宇航员；太空人
2．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
3．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米
4．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹
5．gravity n．重力；引力
6．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区
7．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
8．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
9．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的
n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
10．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
11．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
12．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
13．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器
14．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的
15．solar system 太阳系；类太阳系
16．towel n．毛巾；抹布
17．soap n．肥皂
18．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉
19．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
20．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
21．high-end adj.高端的
22．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
23．pillow n．枕头
24．smartphone n．智能手机
25．closing adj.结尾的；结束的
n．停业；关闭；倒闭
26．oxygen n．氧；氧气
27．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．mental　　　 adj.精神的；思想的
2．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆；(赖以表达思想、感情或达到目的的)手段
3．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
4．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.& vt.(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) 跳过；跃过
5．mankind n．人类
6．data n．[pl.]资料；数据
7．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志
8．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
9．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
10．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt.使浮动；使漂流
11．otherwise adv.否则；要不然；除此以外
12．beyond prep.在更远处；超出
13．current adj.当前的；现在的
n．水流；电流；思潮
14．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
15．facility n．设施；设备
16．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
17．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
18．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
19．monitor n．监视器；监测仪；班长
vt.监视；监测；监控
20．resource n．资源；财力；物力
21．universe n．宇宙；天地万物
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断
3．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧；令人失望的事物
4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.值得做的；可取的
5．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
6．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
7．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的
8．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点；论据；辩论
9．analysis n．(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析
10．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的；普通的，平凡的；惯常的；中等大小的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的；不正常的
11．limited adj.有限的→limitless/unlimited adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制→limitation n．局限性
12．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
13．attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附属于；所附的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋；拥护
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀micro-：表示“微，小”，用于构成名词、形容词、副词，如：microscope(显微镜)，microchip(微芯片)，microscopic(需用显微镜观察的)等；表示小的前缀还有mini-，如：minibus(小型公共汽车)，minimum(最小值)，minimal(最低限度的)。
2．表示“宏伟，大”的前缀 macro-/maxi-：如macrophage(巨噬细胞)，macrostructure(宏观结构)，macroscopic(肉眼可见的)，maximum(最大限度的)，maximal(最大的)。
(1)My hand shook so much that I could hardly hold the microphone.话筒，麦克风
(2)To reduce the size of my HTML document，I minified it before saving it.使缩小，压缩
(3)Microorganisms are of great significance to Earth’s ecology.微生物
(4)Economic growth is one of the core issues in the macroeconomics field.宏观经济学
(5)The two sisters were dressed in different styles，one in minidress，the other maxidress.
超短连衣裙 拖地长裙
1．whatsoever / w ts 'ev (r)/ adv.丝毫(不)；一点也(不)
2．spontaneous /sp n'teIni s/ adj.自发的；自然的
3．unprecedented / n'presIdentId/ adj.前所未有的；空前的
4．earnest /' nIst/ adj.非常认真的；真诚的
5．invade /In'veId/ vi.& vt.武装入侵；侵略；侵犯
6．surrender /s 'rend (r)/ vi.& vt.投降；(被迫)放弃，交出 n．投降；屈服；屈从
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．carry on继续做，坚持干
2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
4．so as to (do sth)为了；以便
5．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in导致；造成
7．as a result所以；结果(是)
8．provide for sb 提供生活所需
9．in closing最后
10．run out用完；耗尽
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(含蓄虚拟条件句)
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
2．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do...)
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
3．Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语)
首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
4．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.(现在分词作前置定语)
因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
体验——析真题长句　知高考难度
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
[句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。making for a guide是现在分词短语作状语，两个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a guide。
[尝试翻译]　她从一个商业人士(而非学者)的实际角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共11分)
1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人
2．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
3．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区
4．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
5．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
6．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
7．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的
8．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
9．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
10．high-end adj.高端的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共10分)
1．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
2．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
3．otherwise adv.否则；要不然；除此以外
4．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
5．monitor n．监视器；监测仪；班长 vt.监视；监测；监控
6．resource n．资源；财力；物力
7．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆；(赖以表达思想、感情或达到目的的)手段
8．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
9．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
10．mental adj.精神的；思想的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共13分)
1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
2．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.值得做的；可取的
3．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
4．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的
5．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的；不正常的
6．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共6分)
1．carry on继续做，坚持干
2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．so as to (do sth)为了；以便
4．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
5．as a result所以；结果(是)
6．in closing最后
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共17分)
1．My sister is a determined girl who has achieved her dream with strong determination and perseverance.(determine)
2．All of us are disappointed at the disappointing news，which is really a huge disappointment especially for the kids.(disappoint)
3．Doing exercise regularly will also benefit you mentally(mental) in the long run.
4．During the limited time，they showed limitless/unlimited imagination and creativity in the activity.(limit)
5．They argued passionately about the validity of each other’s arguments(argue) during the debate.
6．Unsatisfied with the results of the analysis，the researchers analyzed the data again.(analyze)
7．He once worked in a middle school attached to Beijing University and developed a strong attachment to it.(attach)
8．She values her independence，often acting independently and arguing that true happiness comes from being an independent thinker.(independent)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共23分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.探索太空一直吸引着人类，它不断拓展我们的知识边界，并激发我们对宇宙的好奇心。(动名词短语作主语) 2.人们花费大量资金探索太空，旨在为不断增长的人口发现更多资源并减轻地球的负担。(so as to do；现在分词作前置定语) 3.否则，世界将会耗尽其资源，所有物种都会面临灭绝的风险。(otherwise引导含蓄虚拟条件句) 4.然而，太空探索从来都不容易进行，尤其是在过去。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do) 5.随着像卫星这样的先进技术的发展，更多的太空探索正在进行中，使我们对宇宙有了更深入的了解。(result in；现在分词短语作状语) 1.Exploring space has always fascinated mankind，which pushes the boundaries of our knowledge and fuels our curiosity about the universe. People spend large amounts of money exploring space 2.so as to discover more resources for the increasing population and reduce the burden on the Earth.3.Otherwise the world would run out of its resources and all species would be at the risk of dying out.However,4.space exploration has never been easy to carry out，especially in the past.But in modern times，with advanced technologies like satellites，more space explorations are being carried out,5.resulting in our deeper understanding of the universe. We are convinced that in the future we will make even more progress in space exploration.
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe.We also launch 1.rockets(rocket) carrying satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote 2. themselves(they) to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3.disappointed(disappoint)．Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to collect dirty water so as to recycle it later.4.For/Through lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up,5.otherwise/or they would float around.They also need to figure out how to store sufficient food and oxygen.However，people’s desire 6.to explore(explore) space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space 7.independently(independent)，which signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration，which 8.is(be) actually a shallow view.Our planet’s resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever 9.increasing(increase) population.In closing，we attach great importance to solving 10.the mystery of space and will carry on with space exploration.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望 (desirable adj.值得做的)
·have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物 ·desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望……
(1)I have a strong desire for knowledge，always eager to soak up wisdom and insights from books and teachers.
(2)We desire that such meaningful activities (should) be held(hold) on a regular basis.
(3)得知你强烈渴望学好汉语，我写信给你一些实用的建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
Learning that you have a strong desire/strongly desire to learn Chinese well，I am writing to offer you some practical suggestions.
lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n．缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
·(a) lack of缺少…… for/through lack of因缺少…… ·be lacking in在……方面缺乏
(1)For lack of sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
(2)健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely related to bad eating habits and (a) lack of exercise.
(3)尽管他很有才华，但他似乎缺乏自信，这常常限制了他能力的全面展现。
Despite his talents，he seems to lack/be lacking in confidence，which often restricts the full display of his abilities.
argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证 (argument n．争论；争吵；辩论；论点；论据)
·argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论 argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 ·beyond argument 无可争论
(1)It is beyond argument(argue) that Chinese astronauts have made giant contributions to the world’s space exploration.
(2)我本想说服他接受我的意见，但我很快就意识到，和他争论这个问题没有用，因为他太固执了。
I had intended to argue him into accepting my opinion，but soon I realized it was no use arguing with him about/over the issue，because he was too stubborn.
(3)一些人支持关于在学校使用手机的禁令，而另一些人则认为在学校禁止使用手机是不必要的。
Some people argue for the ban on using phones at school while others argue that banning phones at school is unnecessary.
attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视 (attached adj.附属于；所附的；依恋的，爱慕的 attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋)
·attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上 attach importance/significance/value/weight to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量 ·be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于
(1)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more attached(attach) to Tony，the robot.
(2)如果你能抽出一些时间来帮忙润色一下附在这封电子邮件中的文章，我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could spare some time to help polish the article (which is) attached to the e-mail.
(3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信)
You can never attach too much importance to reading during the process of learning a language.
(4)他拿出吊床，把它拴在两棵树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。(读后续写之动作链描写)
He took out the hammock，attached it to two trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music.
result in导致；造成
·result from由……导致；因……而产生 ·as a result所以；结果(是) as a result of由于…… without result没有结果；徒劳地
(1)用result短语的正确形式填空
Misunderstandings resulting from lack of communication，if not handled properly，may result in more serious problems.As a result，we should master sufficient communicating skills.
(2)这次活动不但将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，还将带来相互理解和友谊。
(2023·天津6月，书面表达)
Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture but also it will result in mutual understanding and friendship.
run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态) run across偶然遇到 run after追逐；追求 run into撞上；偶然遇到；遭遇(恶劣天气、麻烦等)
用run相关短语的正确形式填空
While running after her dream to be a writer，she often found herself running out of inspiration.To find inspiration，she went to a remote village where she ran across a stranger whose money was running out and who was facing financial troubles.
otherwise的用法　Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
·otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子应用虚拟语气。表示对现在的虚拟时，其后句子的谓语动词用would/should do；表示对过去的虚拟时，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could have done。 ·otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。
(1)她总是体贴周到，否则她现在就不会这么担心你了。
She is always thoughtful and considerate，otherwise she would not be so worried about you now.
(2)我们当时不知道你有麻烦，否则我们会帮你的。
We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand.
(3)快点，否则我们会错过末班车的。
Hurry up，otherwise we will miss the last bus.
动名词(短语)作主语　Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
·exploring space是动名词短语在句中作主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ·doing作主语还有以下情况： (1)用it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.“做某事没用。”；It is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事是浪费时间。” (2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing sth。
(1)Keeping a keen and determined mind is(be) what it takes to be successful.
(2)定期阅读是一种能够极大丰富词汇量并拓宽视野的习惯。
Reading regularly is a habit that can significantly enrich one’s vocabulary and broaden one’s horizons.
(3)和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他并不认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
It is no use arguing with him about this issue because he doesn’t think it is a waste of time playing computer games.(it作形式主语)
(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．The government has launched① an initiative aimed at launching② more spacecrafts to the moon in the future.Meanwhile，many products related to space exploration will be launched③.
①vt.发起　②vt.发射　③vt.上市
2．Our monitor① suggested installing a monitor② in our classroom to monitor③ our behavior in real time and motivate us to work harder.
①n.班长　②n.监视器　③vt.监视
3．He is a regular① guy who visits our shop on a regular② basis and each time he takes a regular③ bus and orders a regular④ pizza.
①adj.普通的，平凡的　②adj.定期的　③adj.惯常的　④adj.中等大小的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Mr Smith is determined(determine) to seek his fortune in that big city.
2．The young man had a strong desire to earn (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated.
3．They had a heated argument(argue) about which souvenir to choose for their mother.
4．All passengers on board are required to fasten the seat belts before the plane takes off.
5．It was wise of him to admit what he had done，otherwise he would have got(get) into a series of trouble.
6．To their disappointment(disappoint)，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at their first attempt.
7．There is no denying that human activities have a giant impact on global(globe) climate.
8.Afterwards，he seemed to run out of fortune and finally he lost all his possessions.
9．The airport to be completed(complete) next year will definitely bring about many benefits to the local development.
10．Being exposed(expose) to poisonous gases even for a short time can bring about a series of health problems.
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。 1.30%的同学认为太空探索不值得； 2.70%的同学认为太空值得探索； 3.你的观点。
完成句子
1．人类一直渴望探索太空。(desire to do...)
2．最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument；宾语从句)
3．30%的学生认为太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(argue that；现在分词短语作状语)
4．我们在太空探索上花了太多钱，要不然这些钱可以被用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染等问题。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句；定语从句)
5．70%的人认为太空探索很重要，相信探索太空带来了很多好处，比如将卫星用于通信和天气预报。(attach；result in；动名词短语作主语)
6．随着地球上有限的资源逐渐耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with复合结构；run out)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
参考范文
Humans have always been desiring to explore space.Recently，students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring.
30% of the students argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life.We have spent too much money on space exploration which could otherwise have been used to deal with the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% attach importance to space exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits，such as using satellites for communication and the weather forecast.
As far as I am concerned，space exploration is worth conducting.With the limited resources running out on the earth，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage.Besides，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　determined adj.→determine v．；disappointed adj.→disappoint v．→disappointment n．→disappointing adj.；desire v．& n．→desirable adj.；in the hope of；keen；shallow
[动作描写]　launch；leap；carry on；signal；recycle；float；attach；figure out；argue；result in；monitor；provide for；run out
美句 1.People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.(动作描写) 2.However，scientists were determined to realise that dream.(情感描写) 3.However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.(情感描写＋无灵主语) 4.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累　情感细节描写：震惊、惊讶(一)
单词 shock n．震惊 vt.使震惊→shocked adj.震惊的；stun v．使震惊→stunned adj.惊呆的；amazement n．惊愕；惊诧→amazed adj.惊诧的→amazing adj.令人惊诧的；astonish v．使惊讶→astonishment n．惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的
词块 to one’s shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment令人惊讶的是；wear a look of surprise on one’s face某人面带惊讶的表情；be numb with surprise/shock惊呆了；be too surprised to utter a word/speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话；freeze with shock惊呆了；a flash of surprise一丝惊讶
句型 1.So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word.(倒装结构)她惊愕得说不出话来。 2．They stopped in their tracks，raised their heads and stared at him in amazement.他们突然停下脚步，抬起头，惊奇地注视着他。 3．A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story.(无灵主语句) 我的同伴听了我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。 4．At the the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb.听到他去世的消息，我太过震惊，呆住了。 5．Rose froze with shock，as if rooted to the ground.(比喻句)罗斯惊呆了，好像扎根在地上一样。 6．I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat.我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。
语料运用　太空事故
News came that all astronauts on board died during their mission.Hearing the news，people all over the country ①were numb with shock.②So stunned was the president that(倒装结构) his throat felt tight，③unable to utter a word(形容词短语作状语)．The disaster made everyone sad and disappointed，but ④the desire to explore the universe never died.Scientists and astronauts ⑤were determined to figure out the reason and carry on their research so as to console those who sacrificed for the cause and make contributions to all mankind.
消息传来，机上所有宇航员在执行任务时遇难。听到这个消息，全国人民都惊呆了。总统如此震惊，以至于他的喉咙紧绷，一句话也说不出来。这场灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的愿望却没有停止。科学家和宇航员决心找出原因，继续研究，以慰藉那些为航天事业牺牲的人们，并为全人类做出贡献。
单元主题组合练
[62.5分]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
A planet that suffers 475℃ beneath a thick acid atmosphere may be the last place you’d expect alien(外星的) life in our solar system.But one NASA scientist claims that extraterrestrials(天外来客) are most likely hiding on Venus amid conditions that are unbearable for humans.The new theory was put forward by the research scientist Dr Michelle Thaller.She says that possible signs of life have already been seen within the carbon-dioxide filled atmosphere，adding that she was absolutely certain that life exists somewhere.
Venus is often described as Earth’s twin due to its similar size and structure.But their conditions couldn’t be further apart，as astronomers believe it would be impossible for humans to exist on Venus.①Positioned 67 million miles from the sun，Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system，suffering temperatures that can even melt lead.Its atmosphere also adds to the ②uninhabitable situation.
Despite this，scientists have long debated whether Venus’ clouds may host microbial(微生物的) life forms that can survive.Many scientists think that photosynthesis(光合作用) is possible on the planet’s surface as Venus receives enough solar energy to pass through its thick clouds.
However，Professor Dominic Papineau，a biologist at the University College of London，believes Dr Thaller’s views are “difficult to realistically assume”．He explained，“For life-related chemical reactions to take place，liquid water is necessary.Hence，to find extraterrestrial life，we need to find liquid water，and to find extraterrestrial fossils requires looking for special rocks that were associated with liquid water in the past.”
This makes life on Venus today difficult to realistically assume，because its surface is too hot，although Venus might have had liquid water in its past.Even still，both Professor Papineau and Dr Thaller agree that the icy moons of our solar system could also be sites of potential microbial life.NASA suggests there are 290 “traditional moons” in our solar system—excluding 462 smaller minor planets.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于金星可能存在外星生命的理论，以及科学家对此的不同观点。
1．What can we know about Venus
A．Its atmosphere is thin acidic.
B．It is much bigger than Earth.
C．It is 77 million miles from the sun.
D．Venus and Earth are considered as twins.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Venus is often described as Earth’s twin due to its similar size and structure.”可知，金星和地球被认为是孪生星，故选D。
2．Which statement would Papineau agree with
A．Photosynthesis can happen on Venus’ surface.
B．Thick clouds make photosynthesis on Venus hard.
C．Liquid water is important for the extraterrestrials.
D．Some rocks can prove life exists on Venus.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“For life-related chemical reactions to take place，liquid water is necessary.”可知，Papineau认为液态水对于外星生命是重要的，故选C。
3．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．The surface temperature of Venus is high.
B．It’s very easy to confirm life on Venus.
C．Venus might have liquid water now.
D．Many icy moons go around Venus.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“This makes life on Venus today difficult to realistically assume，because its surface is too hot”可知，金星的表面温度很高，故选A。
4．In which section of a newspaper can you find this text
A．Education. B．Science.
C．Culture. D．Sports.
答案　B
解析　文章出处题。根据第一段中“A planet that suffers 475℃ beneath a thick acid atmosphere may be the last place you’d expect alien(外星的) life...The new theory was put forward by the research scientist Dr Michelle Thaller.”可知，可以在报纸的科学版块中找到这篇文章。故选B。
语境猜词 ①position(熟义：n.位置) 生义(文义)：v.安置，使处于 ②uninhabitable(派)＝un＋inhabit＋able adj.不适宜居住的
B
Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time，even when it’s night.That’s the idea that scientists at Caltech(California Institute of Technology) are exploring.They’re working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth.
Caltech’s scientists have created a special tool for this project.They call it MAPLE.MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January,2023.MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy ①wirelessly from space to Earth.We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.
The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet.Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction.If the tops of the waves line up，they combine to make a bigger wave.But if the top of one wave ②lines up with the low point of the other，the waves cancel each other out.The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power，and focus the energy in one direction.It’s a little like using a magnifying(放大的) glass to focus sunlight into a small，hot point of light.
To prove that the system could ③work，MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space.This energy was then turned into electricity，which made two small lights light up.Next，MAPLE sent energy all the way down to a lab at Caltech.The scientists were able to detect the energy，proving that it’s possible to send solar energy to Earth from space.
Dr.Hajimiri，one of the project’s leaders，thinks that one day，the system could be extremely useful，bringing energy to places that need it，all over the world.He believes that in the future，we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disasters.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加州理工学院 Caltech 的科学家创造了一种特殊的工具——MAPLE，以探索从太空中收集阳光并将其能量无线输送回地球的可能性。
5．What is the challenge in Caltech’s project with MAPLE
A．Solar energy detection.
B．Wireless energy delivery.
C．Sending devices into space.
D．Using wires to move electricity.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth.We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.”可知，项目中存在的挑战是无线能量传输。故选B。
6．How does the Caltech team concentrate solar power
A．By changing the way microwaves act.
B．By magnifying waves coming together.
C．By controlling the timing of microwaves.
D．By lining up the waves in opposite directions.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet.”和“The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power，and focus the energy in one direction.”可知，加州理工学院的团队通过控制微波相遇的时机来集中太阳能。故选C。
7．What potential benefit could the system bring in the future according to Dr.Hajimiri
A．Warning people of natural disasters.
B．Turning solar energy into electricity.
C．Providing a solution to energy shortages.
D．Sending energy to regions in urgent need.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr.Hajimiri...thinks that one day，the system could be extremely useful，bringing energy to places that need it...He believes that in the future，we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disasters.”可知，根据Hajimiri博士的说法，这个系统在未来能向急需能源的地区输送能源。故选D。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration
B．The Challenges of Generating Energy Without Wires
C．The Development of a New Tool for Collecting Electricity
D．The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了加州理工学院科学家创造的特殊工具MAPLE从太空向地球无线传输能源的可能性，所以D项适合作本文的标题。故选D。
语境猜词 ①wirelessly(派)＝wire＋less＋ly adv.无线地 ②line up with 与……一致，与……相符 ③work(转)n.→v.产生预期的效果(或作用)；奏效
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东烟台期末)
75 years after humans successfully put their first object into space，it’s much easier to launch a satellite，but a lot messier once we’re up there. 1 There are around 5,000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually working.When a satellite stops functioning，it keeps orbiting at very high speeds，making a great threat for the useful ones.
So space sustainability has become a big concern. 2 One suggested solution is to ①refuel the dead satellites and bring them back to life.Another concept is to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead satellite before pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up.
3 Operating a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough.And the world hasn’t yet reached a consensus(共识) on why we should clear the space junk and there are no real rules that govern how we work out there.
First why should we keep things clean in orbit We use satellites to check the weather，find our way around，and for financial purposes.Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth，but also information about climate change，natural disasters and other things that can help humans with ②earthbound challenges. 4
Then how can we humans think as one big community Governments should make powerful panies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical methods. 5 Only in this way can we keep those orbital highways open for the next generation and beyond before they are deadly blocked by space junk.
A．They provide services closely related to our life.
B．This is hard both technically and politically，though.
C．Anyway，we should ③quicken the pace of clearing up.
D．Space is getting increasingly crowded and dangerous.
E．So we depend largely on space and it needs to be tidied up.
F．Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.
G．All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need.
1．答案　D
解析　由后文“There are around 5,000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually working.When a satellite stops functioning，it keeps orbiting at very high speeds，making a great threat for the useful ones.”可知，这里主要讲在轨卫星越来越多，只有不到一半的卫星在使用中，并且没用的卫星还会威胁其他正在使用的卫星。D项(太空越来越拥挤和危险)符合语境，是对后文的概述。其中 dangerous与后文a great threat对应。故选D项。
2．答案　F
解析　由后文内容可知，后文在讲解决太空垃圾的方案。F项“Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.”符合语境，其中strategies和后文One suggested solution 对应。故选F项。
3．答案　B
解析　由后文内容可知，后文主要讲了清理垃圾在技术和政治上的困难。B项“This is hard both technically and politically，though.”符合语境，是本段的中心句。故选B项。
4．答案　E
解析　由上文“Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth，but also information about climate change，natural disasters and other things that can help humans with earthbound challenges.”可知，这里主要讲卫星提供的太空数据对我们的用处，也是我们要保持太空清洁的原因。因此E项“So we depend largely on space and it needs to be tidied up.”符合语境。故选E项。
5．答案　G
解析　由上文内容可知，这里主要从几方面讲我们人类应该怎样做来清理太空垃圾。G项“All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need.”符合语境，其中All of these 与上文的几方面措施对应。故选G项。
语境猜词 ①refuel(派)＝re＋fuel v．补充燃料 ②earthbound(合)＝earth＋bound adj.地球上的 ③quicken(派)＝quick＋en v．加快
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Alexander Graham Bell hated spending summertime in Washington，DC.He usually 1 to his farm in Nova Scotia，but one year he had to stay in the capital.“Why humans have 2 how to ①warm a house but not how to cool one—until now，” he wondered，and in 1872，he 3 a ②cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃.
When 69-year-old Bell told that 4 in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School，the students went 5 .The clapping lasted so long that he was 6 to say something more surprising.
“Could postage stamps be used in 7 of persons？” asked Bell，who had thought of 8 a low price for public transport，but the cost of building additional roads was too high.“Perhaps，the flying machine will be the 9 .”
In the speech，Bell also 10 on a century of progress and looked ahead with remarkable ③foresight.In the reflection，he was amazed by the 11 made in the past century：Gas lighting had evolved into electric bulbs and automobiles 12 horse-drawn vehicles.He then went on to 13 the commercial airplane，solar panels，and the 14 for renewable resources.
Gilbert Grosvenor，the editor of National Geographic magazine，asked for the 15 and published a revised version in the February issue.Now，more than one hundred years later，Bell’s predictions still remain prescient(预见性的)．
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了1917年贝尔在演讲中分享了对未来技术的预见，包括商业飞机和太阳能板等。贝尔的思考体现了他对人类生存、社会发展与环境之间关系的深刻洞察。
1．A.wandered B．escaped
C．flew D．applied
答案　B
解析　wander漫游；escape逃跑；fly飞；apply应用。由下文“but one year he had to stay in the capital”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，此处指他通常会逃到新斯科舍省的农场过夏天，但是有一年他不得不留在首都。故选B。
2．A.agreed on B．insisted on
C．figured out D．ruled out
答案　C
解析　agree on同意；insist on坚持；figure out弄明白；rule out排除。由下文“brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃”可知，此处指当时人类已经弄明白了如何给房子取暖却不知道如何让房子降温。故选C。
3．A.designed B．bought
C．saw D．borrowed
答案　A
解析　design设计；buy买；see看见；borrow借。由下文“a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃”并结合上文“but not how to cool one—until now”可知，此前没有这种降温方式，所以此处指他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。故选A。
4．A.accident B．loss
C．problem D．story
答案　D
解析　accident事故；loss损失；problem问题；story故事。由上文“but one year...”和“and in 1872...”可知，此处指Bell给学生们讲述了自己设计冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃的故事。故选D。
5．A.wild B．hungry
C．disappointed D．silent
答案　A
解析　wild感情强烈的(尤指生气、高兴或激动)；hungry饥饿的；disappointed失望的；silent沉默的。由下文“The clapping lasted so long”可知，学生们给他的掌声持续了很久，这说明学生们很兴奋，go wild意为“欣喜若狂；兴奋不已”。故选A。
6．A.allowed B．forced
C．paid D．chosen
答案　B
解析　allow允许；force迫使；pay支付；choose选择。由上文“The clapping lasted so long that he”可知，学生太热情了，这迫使他接着说一些更令人惊讶的事情。故选B。
7．A.favor B．memory
C．transportation D．case
答案　C
解析　favor偏爱；memory记忆；transportation运输；case案件。由下文“public transport”可推知，此处指贝尔问邮票是否能用于人员运输。故选C。
8．A.cutting B．raising
C．avoiding D．charging
答案　D
解析　cut切；raise提高；avoid避免；charge收费。由下文“a low price for public transport”可知，此处指公共交通的收费。故选D。
9．A.pollution B．solution
C．discovery D．issue
答案　B
解析　pollution污染；solution解决方法；discovery发现；issue问题。上文提到修建额外道路的成本太高这一问题，结合常识可知，飞行器可能是交通问题的解决方案。故选B。
10．A.relied B．switched
C．reflected D．called
答案　C
解析　rely (on)依靠，信任；switch (on)打开；reflect (on)回忆，回顾；call (on)拜访，号召。由下文“In the reflection”可知，他还回顾了一个世纪的进步。故选C。
11．A.profits B．advances
C．materials D．failures
答案　B
解析　profit利润；advance进步；material材料；failure失败的人或事。由上文“on a century of progress”可知，他回顾了过去一个世纪的进步，对这些进步感到惊讶。故选B。
12．A.replaced B．destroyed
C．attacked D．missed
答案　A
解析　replace代替；destroy毁坏；attack攻击；miss错过。由下文“horse-drawn vehicles”和常识可知，随着科技的进步，汽车取代了马车。故选A。
13．A.sell B．rent
C．invent D．predict
答案　D
解析　sell卖；rent租用；invent发明；predict预测。由上文“and looked ahead with remarkable foresight”和下文“Now，more than one hundred years later，Bell’s predictions still remain prescient(预见性的)．”可知，此处指的是他还预测了未来。故选D。
14．A.deadline B．competition
C．need D．balance
答案　C
解析　deadline截止日期；competition竞赛；need需求；balance平衡。由下文“for renewable resources”和常识可知，此处指他预见到将来人们对可再生资源是有需求的。故选C。
15．A.text B．book
C．contract D．interview
答案　A
解析　text文本；book书；contract合同；interview采访，面试。根据第二段中“When 69-year-old Bell told that in a speech to the 1917 graduating class”以及下文“and published a revised version in the February issue”可知，此处指索要贝尔的1917年演讲的文本并将其发表。故选A。
语境猜词 ①warm(转)adj.→v.使……温暖 ②cold-air-producing(合＋派)＝cold＋air＋produc(e)＋ing adj.产生冷气的 ③foresight(派)＝fore＋sight n．远见，先见之明
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·河南名校联盟阶段测试)
China recently shared exciting news about its space exploration efforts，and revealed the names of its manned lunar ①lander and a new crew spaceship.This development marks 1.__________ important step in the nation’s efforts 2. (explore) outer space.The lunar lander is named Lanyue,3. means “embracing(拥抱) the moon”．This choice reflects the dream and confidence of the Chinese people in their space exploration efforts.
The crew spaceship has been named Mengzhou，or Dream Vessel,4. (indicate) its role in realizing the dream of landing on the moon and exploring new ②frontiers in space.Mengzhou will have two versions：one for exploring the moon and the other for trips between Earth 5. the Tiangong space station，and the latter takes over the duties from the current Shenzhou spaceship.
These names，Lanyue and Mengzhou，were selected 6. (careful) from nearly 2,000 suggestions by the public to show the wide 7. (participate) and interest of the Chinese people 8. their country’s space missions.China plans to send its first manned mission to the moon around 2030.The Lanyue lander is designed with a landing and propulsion(推进) section to carry two astronauts to the moon.The Mengzhou spacecraft，designed for space travel,9. (include) a ③reentry module for the astronauts and a service module 10. (equip) with power and propulsion systems.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最近公布了载人月面着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称。
1．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。根据句意以及空后step为单数名词可知，此处泛指“重要一步”，且important的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2．答案　to explore
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语修饰efforts，effort to do“……的努力”为惯用表达。故填to explore。
3．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Lanyue，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。
4．答案　indicating
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，indicate和其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填indicating。
5．答案　and
解析　考查连词。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语between...and...“在……和……之间”，所以此处用连词and。故填and。
6．答案　carefully
解析　考查副词。此处应用副词carefully作状语修饰动词were selected。故填carefully。
7．答案　participation
解析　考查名词。此处应用名词与interest并列作show的宾语，表示“参与”，应用participation，不可数名词。故填participation。
8．答案　in
解析　考查介词。此处为固定短语interest in sth“对……的兴趣”。故填in。
9．答案　includes
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上文时态可知，此处应为一般现在时，主语The Mengzhou spacecraft为单数名词，所以动词为三单形式。故填includes。
10．答案　equipped
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰service module，service module和equip为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填equipped。
语境猜词 ①lander(派)＝land＋er n．着陆器 ②frontier(派)＝front＋ier n．(学科或活动的)尖端 ③reentry(派)＝re＋entry n．重返大气层(共82张PPT)
必修第三册　 Unit ４
Space Exploration
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.宇航员；太空人
n.程序；步骤；手续
abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米
n.火箭；火箭弹
n.重力；引力
n.边境；国界；边远地
1
astronaut
2
procedure
3
cm
4
rocket
知识速记
5
gravity
6
frontier
n.人造卫星；卫星
n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
adj.巨大的；伟大的
n.巨人；巨兽　 ；伟人
n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
vt.& vi.传输；发送
n.太空行走；太空行走的时间
7
satellite
8
orbit
9
giant
10
agency
11
transmit
12
spacewalk
n.玉；翡翠；玉器
adj.太阳的；太阳能的
太阳系；类太阳系
n.毛巾；抹布
n.肥皂
n.(also microwave oven)微波炉
n.纸巾　 ；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
13
jade
14
solar
15
solar system
16
towel
17
soap
18
microwave
19
tissue
adj.致命的；灾难性的
adj.高端的
n.泡沫橡胶；泡沫
n.枕头
n.智能手机
adj.结尾的；结束的
n.停业；关闭；倒闭
20
fatal
21
high-end
22
foam
23
pillow
24
smartphone
25
closing
n.氧；氧气
n.航天器；宇宙飞船
26
oxygen
27
spacecraft
adj.精神的；思想的
n.交通工具；车辆；(赖以表达思想、感情或达到目的的)手段
vt.& n.发射；发起；上市
n.跳跃；剧增　 ；剧变
vi.& vt.(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) 跳过；跃过
n.人类
n.[pl.]资料；数据
1
mental
2
vehicle
3
launch
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
leap
5
mankind
6
data
vt.& vi.标志着　 ；标明；发信号
n.信号；标志
vt.回收利用；再利用
n.肌肉；实力 　；影响力　
vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt.使浮动；使漂流
adv.否则；要不然；除此以外
prep.在更远处；超出
7
signal
8
recycle
9
muscle
10
float
11
otherwise
12
beyond
adj.当前的；现在的
n.水流 　；电流　 ；思潮
adj.足够的；充足的
n.设施；设备
adj.热衷的；渴望的
adj.肤浅的　 ；浅的
n.模式；图案；模范 　
13
current
14
sufficient
15
facility
16
keen
17
shallow
18
pattern
n.监视器；监测仪；班长
vt.监视；监测；监控
n.资源；财力　 ；物力
n.宇宙；天地万物
19
monitor
20
resource
21
universe
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
→intelligence n.智慧
2
determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
→determine vt.查明　 ；确定　 ；决定
→determination n.决心；果断
3
disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
→disappoint vt.使失望
→disappointing adj.令人失望的
→disappointment n.失望；沮丧；令人失望的事物
4
desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
→desirable adj.值得做的；可取的
5
independent adj.独立的；自立的
→independently adv.独立地；自立地
→independence n.独立；自立
→depend vi.依靠
6
lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺
→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
7
globe n.地球；世界；地球仪
→global adj.全球的；全面的
8
argue vt.& vi.论证　 ；争辩；争论
→argument n.争论；争吵；论点　 ；论据；辩论
9
analysis n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果
→analyz(s)e v.分析
10
regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的　 ；普通的，平凡的　 ；
惯常的　 ；中等大小的
→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的；不正常的
11
limited adj.有限的
→limitless/unlimited adj.无限的
→limit vt.& n.限制
→limitation n.局限性
12
mystery n.神秘事物；谜
→mysterious adj.神秘的
13
attach vt.系；绑；贴
→attached adj.附属于；所附的；依恋的
→attachment n.附件；附属品；依恋　 ；拥护
1.前缀micro-：表示“微，小”，用于构成名词、形容词、副词，如：microscope(显微镜)，microchip(微芯片)，microscopic(需用显微镜观察的)等；表示小的前缀还有mini-，如：minibus(小型公共汽车)，minimum(最小值)，minimal(最低限度的)。
2.表示“宏伟，大”的前缀 macro-/maxi-：如macrophage(巨噬细胞)，macrostructure(宏观结构)，macroscopic(肉眼可见的)，maximum(最大限度的)，maximal(最大的)。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)My hand shook so much that I could hardly hold the microphone.
(2)To reduce the size of my HTML document，I minified it before saving it.
(3)Microorganisms are of great significance to Earth’s ecology.
(4)Economic growth is one of the core issues in the macroeconomics field.
(5)The two sisters were dressed in different styles，one in minidress，the other maxidress.　　　　　　　　　　　　
______________
______________
________
____________
____________ __________
话筒，麦克风
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
使缩小，压缩
微生物
宏观经济学
超短连衣裙
拖地长裙
whatsoever / w ts 'ev (r)/ adv.丝毫(不)；一点也(不)
spontaneous /sp n'teIni s/ adj.自发的；自然的
unprecedented / n'presIdentId/ adj.前所未有的；空前的
earnest /' nIst/ adj.非常认真的；真诚的
invade /In'veId/ vi.& vt.武装入侵；侵略；侵犯
surrender /s 'rend (r)/ vi.& vt.投降；(被迫)放弃，交出
n.投降；屈服；屈从
1
3
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
2
4
5
6
1
2
carry on 继续做，坚持干
on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；
在飞机上
in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
so as to (do sth) 为了；以便
figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
result in 导致；造成
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
8
as a result 所以；结果(是)
provide for sb 提供生活所需
in closing 最后
run out 用完；耗尽
9
10
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(含蓄虚拟条件句)
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
２
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do...)
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
３
Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语)
首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
４
As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.(现在分词作前置定语)
因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
[句式分析]　此句是　　　　　句。making for a guide是现在分词短语作　　　，两个which引导　　　从句，修饰先行词a guide。
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
她从一个商业人士(而非学者)的实际角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。
主从复合
状语
定语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.astronaut n.________________
2.procedure n._________________
3.frontier n.______________________
4.orbit n.______________________________
vt.& vi.___________________________
5.agency n.____________________________________
6.transmit vt.& vi.____________
宇航员；太空人
默写巩固
词汇默写
程序；步骤；手续
边境；国界；边远地区
(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道
沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
传输；发送
7.solar adj.__________________
8.tissue n.______________________________
9.fatal adj._________________
10.high-end adj._______
太阳的；太阳能的
纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
致命的；灾难性的
高端的
Ⅱ.重点单词
1._______ vt.& n.发射；发起；上市
2._______ vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号
n.信号；标志
3.__________ adv.否则；要不然；除此以外
4.______ adj.热衷的；渴望的
5._________ n.监视器；监测仪；班长
vt.监视；监测；监控
launch
signal
keen
monitor
otherwise
6._________ n.资源；财力；物力
7.________ n.交通工具；车辆；(赖以表达思想、感情或达
到目的的)手段
8._____ n.跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
9._________ adj.足够的；充足的
10._______ adj.精神的；思想的
resource
vehicle
leap
sufficient
mental
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.__________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
→___________ n.智慧
2.______ n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
→________ adj.值得做的；可取的
3._____ vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺
→________ adj.缺乏的；不足的
4.______ n.地球；世界；地球仪
→_______ adj.全球的；全面的
intelligent
intelligence
desire
desirable
lack
lacking
globe
global
5.________ adj.定期的；经常的；正常的
→_________ adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
→_________ adj.无规律的；不定期的；不正常的
6.________ n.神秘事物；谜
→___________ adj.神秘的
regular
regularly
irregular
mystery
mysterious
Ⅳ.核心短语
1._________ 继续做，坚持干
2._________ 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3._______________ 为了；以便
4._________ 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
5.__________ 所以；结果(是)
6._________ 最后
carry on
on board
so as to (do sth)
figure out
as a result
in closing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.My sister is a _____________ girl who has achieved her dream with strong ______________ and perseverance.(determine)
2.All of us are _____________ at the _____________ news，which is really a huge ________________ especially for the kids.(disappoint)
3.Doing exercise regularly will also benefit you _________(mental) in the long run.
4.During the _________ time，they showed ____________________ imagination and creativity in the activity.(limit)
默写巩固
语境运用
determined
determination
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
mentally
limited
limitless/unlimited
5.They argued passionately _______ the validity of each other’s ___________(argue) during the debate.
6.Unsatisfied with the results of the __________，the researchers ____________ the data again.(analyze)
7.He once worked in a middle school _________ to Beijing University and developed a strong ____________ to it.(attach)
8.She values her ______________，often acting ______________ and arguing that true happiness comes from being an _____________ thinker.
(independent)
about
arguments
analysis
analyzed
attached
attachment
independence
independently
independent
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.探索太空一直吸引着人类，它不断拓展我们的知识边界，并激发我们对宇宙的好奇心。(动名词短语作主语) 1._____________________________
____________________，which pushes the boundaries of our knowledge and fuels our curiosity about the universe.
Exploring space has always
fascinated mankind
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.人们花费大量资金探索太空，旨在为不断增长的人口发现更多资源并减轻地球的负担。(so as to do；现在分词作前置定语) People spend large amounts of money exploring space 2.__________
___________________________________________________________________________________.
so as to
discover more resources for the increasing population and reduce the burden on the Earth
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.否则，世界将会耗尽其资源，所有物种都会面临灭绝的风险。(otherwise引导含蓄虚拟条件句) 4.然而，太空探索从来都不容易进行，尤其是在过去。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do) 3._______________________________________________________________________________________.However,4._______________________________
__________________，especially in the past.
Otherwise the world would run out of its resources and all species would be at the risk of dying out
space exploration has never been easy to carry out
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
5.随着像卫星这样的先进技术的发展，更多的太空探索正在进行中，使我们对宇宙有了更深入的了解。(result in；现在分词短语作状语) But in modern times，with advanced technologies like satellites，more space explorations are being carried out,
5.__________________________________________________.
We are convinced that in the future we will make even more progress in space exploration.
resulting in our deeper understanding
of the universe
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe.We also launch 1._________(rocket) carrying satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote 2.____________(they) to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3.____________(disappoint).Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to collect dirty water so as to recycle it later.4._____________ lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.
词汇串记
rockets
themselves
disappointed
For/Through
They have to tape everything up,5._____________ they would float around.They also need to figure out how to store sufficient food and oxygen.However，people’s desire 6.__________(explore) space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space 7.______________(independent)，which signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration，which 8.______(be) actually a shallow view.Our planet’s resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever 9.______________(increase) population.In closing，we attach great importance to solving 10.______ mystery of space and will carry on with space exploration.
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otherwise/or
to explore
independently
is
increasing
the
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
n.渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望 (desirable adj.值得做的)
desire
1
·have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物
·desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do...渴望……
(1)I have a strong desire knowledge，always eager to soak up wisdom and insights from books and teachers.
for
(2)We desire that such meaningful activities (hold) on a regular basis.
(3)得知你强烈渴望学好汉语，我写信给你一些实用的建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
Learning that you _____________________________________________
______________，I am writing to offer you some practical suggestions.
(should) be held
have a strong desire/strongly desire to learn
Chinese well
lack
·(a) lack of缺少……
　for/through lack of因缺少……
·be lacking in在……方面缺乏
vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n.缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
2
(1)For lack sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
of
(2)健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely related to bad eating habits and __________
_________.
(3)尽管他很有才华，但他似乎缺乏自信，这常常限制了他能力的全面展现。
Despite his talents， ，which often restricts the full display of his abilities.
(a) lack of
exercise
he seems to lack/be lacking in confidence
argue
·argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论
　argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事
　argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
·beyond argument 无可争论
vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证 (argument n.争论；争吵；辩论；论点；论据)
(1)It is beyond (argue) that Chinese astronauts have made giant contributions to the world’s space exploration.
3
argument
(2)我本想说服他接受我的意见，但我很快就意识到，和他争论这个问题没有用，因为他太固执了。
I had intended to ，but soon I realized ，because he was too stubborn.
(3)一些人支持关于在学校使用手机的禁令，而另一些人则认为在学校禁止使用手机是不必要的。
Some people phones at school while others
_______________________________________________.
argue him into accepting my opinion
it was no use arguing with him about/over the issue
argue for the ban on using
argue that banning phones at school is unnecessary
attach
·attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
　attach importance/significance/value/weight to...
　认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量
·be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于
vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视 (attached adj.附属于；所附的；依恋的，爱慕的 attachment n.附件；附属品；依恋)
(1)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more (attach) to Tony，the robot.
4
attached
(2)如果你能抽出一些时间来帮忙润色一下附在这封电子邮件中的文章，我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could spare some time to help polish the article _______________________________.
(3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信)
_________________________________________________ during the process of learning a language.
(which is) attached to the e-mail
You can never attach too much importance to reading
(4)他拿出吊床，把它拴在两棵树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。(读后续写之动作链描写)
He took out the hammock， and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music.
attached it to two trees
result in
·result from由……导致；因……而产生
·as a result所以；结果(是)
　as a result of由于……
　without result没有结果；徒劳地
导致；造成
(1)用result短语的正确形式填空
Misunderstandings lack of communication，if not handled properly，may 　　　　　 more serious problems. ，we should master sufficient communicating skills.
5
resulting from
result in
As a result
(2)这次活动不但将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，还将带来相互理解和友谊。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(2023·天津6月，书面表达)
Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture _______________________________________________
____________.
but also it will result in mutual understanding and
friendship
run out
run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across偶然遇到
run after追逐；追求
run into撞上；偶然遇到；遭遇(恶劣天气、麻烦等)
用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
6
用run相关短语的正确形式填空
While her dream to be a writer，she often found herself inspiration.To find inspiration，she went to a remote village where she a stranger whose money was _______________ and who was facing financial troubles.
running after
running out of
ran across
running out
otherwise的用法
·otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子应用虚拟语
　气。表示对现在的虚拟时，其后句子的谓语动词用would/should do；表示对过去
　的虚拟时，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could have done。
·otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
７
(1)她总是体贴周到，否则她现在就不会这么担心你了。
She is always thoughtful and considerate，otherwise ________________
_________________________.
(2)我们当时不知道你有麻烦，否则我们会帮你的。
We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise __________
______________________.
(3)快点，否则我们会错过末班车的。
Hurry up， .
she would not be
so worried about you now
we would
have given you a hand
otherwise we will miss the last bus
动名词(短语)作主语
·exploring space是动名词短语在句中作主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动
　词用单数；两个或两个以上动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
·doing作主语还有以下情况：
　(1)用it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.“做某事没用。”；
　It is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事是浪费时间。”
　(2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing sth。
Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference
in the fight against world hunger.首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
８
(1)Keeping a keen and determined mind (be) what it takes to be successful.
(2)定期阅读是一种能够极大丰富词汇量并拓宽视野的习惯。
___________________________ that can significantly enrich one’s vocabulary and broaden one’s horizons.
(3)和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他并不认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
________________________________________ because he doesn’t think
________________________________________.(it作形式主语)
is
Reading regularly is a habit
It is no use arguing with him about this issue
it is a waste of time playing computer games
(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
___________________________ made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
His failing in the exam again
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.The government has launched① an initiative aimed at launching② more spacecrafts to the moon in the future.Meanwhile，many products related to space exploration will be launched③.
①________
②________
③________
vt.发起
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
vt.发射
vt.上市
2.Our monitor① suggested installing a monitor② in our classroom to monitor③ our behavior in real time and motivate us to work harder.
①________
②__________
③________
n.班长
n.监视器
vt.监视
3.He is a regular① guy who visits our shop on a regular② basis and each time he takes a regular③ bus and orders a regular④ pizza.
①____________________
②___________
③___________
④_______________
adj.普通的，平凡的
adj.定期的
adj.惯常的
adj.中等大小的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.Mr Smith is ___________(determine) to seek his fortune in that big city.
2.The young man had a strong desire _______ (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated.
3.They had a heated ___________(argue) about which souvenir to choose for their mother.
4.All passengers _______ board are required to fasten the seat belts before the plane takes off.
determined
to earn
argument
on
5.It was wise of him to admit what he had done，otherwise he ________
_________(get) into a series of trouble.
6.To their ________________(disappoint)，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at their first attempt.
7.There is no denying that human activities have a giant impact on ________(globe) climate.
8.Afterwards，he seemed to run out _____ fortune and finally he lost all his possessions.
would
have got
disappointment
global
of
9.The airport (complete) next year will definitely bring about many benefits to the local development.
10. (expose) to poisonous gases even for a short time can bring about a series of health problems.
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to be completed
Being exposed
提升写作能力
Part Three
应用文增分练
太空探索
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
1.30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2.70%的同学认为太空值得探索；
3.你的观点。
1.人类一直渴望探索太空。(desire to do...)
_____________________________________________________________
2.最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument；宾语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
3.30%的学生认为太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(argue that；现在分词短语作状语)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.我们在太空探索上花了太多钱，要不然这些钱可以被用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染等问题。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句；定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
5.70%的人认为太空探索很重要，相信探索太空带来了很多好处，比如将卫星用于通信和天气预报。(attach；result in；动名词短语作主语)
_____________________________________________________________
6.随着地球上有限的资源逐渐耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with复合结构；run out)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Humans have always been desiring to explore space.Recently，students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring.
30% of the students argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life.We have spent too much money on space exploration which could otherwise have been used to deal with the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% attach importance to space exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits，such as using satellites for communication and the weather forecast.
应用文增分练
参考范文
As far as I am concerned，space exploration is worth conducting.
With the limited resources running out on the earth，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage.Besides，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
亮词 [情感描写]　determined adj.→determine v.；disappointed adj.→disappoint v.→disappointment n.→disappointing adj.；desire v.& n.→desirable adj.；in the hope of；keen；shallow
[动作描写]　launch；leap；carry on；signal；recycle；float；attach；figure out；argue；result in；monitor；provide for；run out
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.(动作描写)
2.However，scientists were determined to realise that dream.(情感描写)
3.However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.(情感描写＋无灵主语)
4.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.(主旨升华)
情感细节描写：震惊、惊讶(一)
单词 shock n.震惊 vt.使震惊→shocked adj.震惊的；stun v.使震惊→stunned adj.惊呆的；amazement n.惊愕；惊诧→amazed adj.惊诧的→amazing adj.令人惊诧的；astonish v.使惊讶→astonishment n.惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词块 to one’s shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment令人惊讶的是；wear a look of surprise on one’s face某人面带惊讶的表情；be numb with surprise/shock惊呆了；be too surprised to utter a word/speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话；freeze with shock惊呆了；a flash of surprise一丝惊讶
句型 1.So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word.(倒装结构)她惊愕得说不出话来。
2.They stopped in their tracks，raised their heads and stared at him in amazement.他们突然停下脚步，抬起头，惊奇地注视着他。
3.A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story.(无灵主语句) 我的同伴听了我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。
4.At the the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb.听到他去世的消息，我太过震惊，呆住了。
句型 5.Rose froze with shock，as if rooted to the ground.(比喻句)罗斯惊呆了，好像扎根在地上一样。
6.I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat.我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。
太空事故
News came that all astronauts on board died during their mission.Hearing the news，people all over the country ①_____________
___________.② (倒装结构) his throat felt tight，③ (形容词短语作状语).
消息传来，机上所有宇航员在执行任务时遇难。听到这个消息，全国人民都惊呆了。总统如此震惊，以至于他的喉咙紧绷，一句话也说不出来。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
were numb
with shock
So stunned was the president that
unable to utter a word
The disaster made everyone sad and disappointed，but ④____________
___________________ never died.Scientists and astronauts ⑤__________ ________________________________________________________ so as to console those who sacrificed for the cause and make contributions to all mankind.
这场灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的愿望却没有停止。科学家和宇航员决心找出原因，继续研究，以慰藉那些为航天事业牺牲的人们，并为全人类做出贡献。
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the desire to
explore the universe
were
determined to figure out the reason and carry on their research

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