资源简介

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．leaflet 　　　　 n．散页印刷品；传单；小册子
2．toxin n．毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)
3．ray n．光线；光束；(热、电等)射线
4．radiation n．辐射；放射线
5．acid n．酸
adj.酸的；酸性的
6．millimetre n．毫米；千分之一米
7．layer n．层；表层；层次
8．blister n．(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
9．fabric n．织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
10．paramedic n．急救医生；护理人员
11．bathtub n．浴缸；浴盆
12．mosquito n．[pl.-oes，-os]蚊子
13．IV needle 静脉注射针
14．vital sign 生命体征
15．ward n．病房
16．sprain vt.扭伤(关节)
n．扭伤
17．ankle n．踝；踝关节
18．diner n．(尤指餐馆的)就餐者
19．steak n．牛排；肉排
20．obstruction n．阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物
21．motion n．运动；移动
22．manual n．使用手册；说明书
adj.用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．technique n．技能；技术；技艺
2．organ n．(人或动植物的)器官
3．victim n．受害者；患者
4．underneath prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面
5．nerve n．神经；勇气
6．swallow vt.& vi.吞下；咽下；默默忍受(侮辱、批评等)
7．wrap vt.包，裹；(用手臂等)围住
8．bath n．洗澡；(BrE＝bathtub)浴缸；浴盆
vt.(NAmE＝bathe)给……洗澡
9．slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走
n．滑倒；小错误；纸条
10．elderly adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)
11．carpet n．地毯
12．ambulance n．救护车
13．delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事)
vt.耽误；耽搁
n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
14．needle n．针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
15．drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
16．panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌
n．惊恐；恐慌
17．scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫
n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
18．fellow adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的
n．男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
19．choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；阻塞
20．throat n．咽喉；喉咙
21．slap vt.(用手掌)打、拍
n．(用手掌)打、拍；拍击声
22．fist n．拳；拳头
23．grab vt.抓住；攫取
n．抓取；抢夺
24．welfare n．幸福；福祉；安康；福利
25．collapse vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒
n．& vi.突然失败
26．suburb n．郊区；城外
27．membership n．会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数民族
2．electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的→electricity n．电；电能
3．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的→swell vi.(swelled，swollen)膨胀；肿胀
4．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely adv.松散地；粗略地→loosen vi.& vt.(使)变松
5．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urge vt.力劝；敦促；竭力主张 n．强烈的欲望→urgency n．急迫(性)
6．ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在→easy adj.容易的→easily adv.容易地
7．operator n．电话接线员；操作员→operate vt.操作；使运行 vi.运转；动手术→operation n．运转；手术
8．bleeding n．流血；失血→bleed vi.(bled，bled)流血；失血→blood n．血液；血
9．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断→interruption n．打扰；中断时间
10．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；极其→desperation n．绝望；拼命；铤而走险
11．practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的→practice n．练习；实践；惯例 v．练习→practically adv.几乎；差不多；实际上
12．tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地→tighten v．(使)变紧；使更加严格
13．justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由→justice n．正义；公正
14．foggy adj.有雾的→fog n．雾
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
前缀under-：表示“在……之下，低于；下面的，从属的，次的；不足”。如undergrowth＝under＋growth(生长)→(长在大树下或周边的)下木层，灌木丛；underground＝under＋ground(地面)→在地(面)下，地铁；understatement＝under＋statement(表述)→轻描淡写，保守的说法。
(1)For Christmas my brother and I got new underwear，one toy and one book.内衣
(2)There is no denying that the worst thing you can do is underestimate an opponent.低估
(3)The underofficer was responsible for overseeing the daily training exercises of the new recruits.下级官员
(4)The project was underfunded and that was why we had to abandon it halfway.对……提供的资金不足
(5)I even worked on a commercial fishing boat in Alaska a couple of summers while I was an undergraduate.大学本科生，大学肄业生
1．interval /'Int vl/ n．间隙；间隔
2．spur /sp (r)/ vt.& n．激励；鞭策；刺激
3．explicit /Ik'splIsIt/ adj.明确的；坦率的
4．bluntly /'bl ntli/ adv.直言不讳地；不客气地
5．dreadful /'dredfl/ adj.令人不快的；糟糕的；可怕的
6．flush /fl / vi.& vt.(生气或尴尬时)脸红；冲洗(马桶)
7．rejoice /rI'd Is/ vi.& vt.欣喜；喜悦
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．sense of touch触觉
2．electric shock触电；电击
3．help sb to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来
4．face up/down面朝上(朝下)
5．sleep in迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
6．out of shape健康状况不好；变形
7．prevent...from...阻止
8．a variety of各种各样的
9．suffer from遭受
10．stand by袖手旁观；支持；遵守
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
正如你能想象的，被灼伤可能会导致非常严重的损伤。
2．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(unless引导的条件状语从句)
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
3．If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.(there is an urgent need to do sth 急需做某事)
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
4．They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.[suggest (that) sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事]
离开前，他们建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
5．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(状语从句的省略；see＋宾语＋宾补)
如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
体验——析真题长句　知高考难度
(2023·全国乙)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
[句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。句首it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，从句中由and连接两个句子。sticking to a traditional diet为现在分词短语作定语，修饰前面的those。
[尝试翻译]　据最近报道，那些坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约有一半的英国消费者想要在某种程度上改变或改进他们的烹饪。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共12分)
1．leaflet n．散页印刷品；传单；小册子
2．radiation n．辐射；放射线
3．layer n．层；表层；层次
4．blister n．(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
5．fabric n．织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
6．paramedic n．急救医生；护理人员
7．ward n．病房
8．sprain vt.扭伤(关节) n．扭伤
9．obstruction n．阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物
10．manual n．使用手册；说明书 adj.用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共15分)
1．victim n．受害者；患者
2．swallow vt.& vi.吞下；咽下；默默忍受(侮辱、批评等)
3．wrap vt.包，裹；(用手臂等)围住
4．slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走 n．滑倒；小错误；纸条
5．ambulance n．救护车
6．delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事) vt.耽误；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
7．drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
8．panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n．惊恐；恐慌
9．scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫 n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
10．choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；阻塞
11．throat n．咽喉；喉咙
12．grab vt.抓住；攫取 n．抓取；抢夺
13．welfare n．幸福；福祉；安康；福利
14．collapse vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒 n．& vi.突然失败
15．underneath prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共14分)
1．foggy adj.有雾的→fog n．雾
2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数民族
3．bleeding n．流血；失血→bleed vi.流血；失血→blood n．血液；血
4．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的→swell vi.膨胀；肿胀
5．justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由→justice n．正义；公正
6．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely adv.松散地；粗略地→loosen vi.& vt.(使)变松
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共8分)
1．sense of touch触觉
2．help sb to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来
3．face up面朝上
4．sleep in迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
5．out of shape健康状况不好；变形
6．a variety of各种各样的
7．suffer from遭受
8．stand by 袖手旁观；支持；遵守
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共19分)
1．The young operator was operated on last week and is now recovering from the operation.(operate)
2．Electric cars rely on electrical components to harness and store electricity for their operation.(electric)
3．Faced with the urgent problem，each of us felt a great sense of urgency and thus we were urged to take immediate action.(urge)
4．With the equipment，employees can complete tasks with greater ease，making their workday much easier overall.(easy)
5．My new colleague is always interrupting me while I am working and I am really fed up with the constant interruptions.(interrupt)
6．The family was in desperate need of food and water，so they desperately searched for help and their desperation grew with each passing hour.(desperate)
7．The new policy is not only theoretically sound but also practically feasible(可行的)，as it can help solve some practical problems.(practice)
8．To prevent leaks，the worker tightened the pipe fittings very tightly，ensuring a secure and reliable connection.(tight)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共22分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.正如常有的情况那样，生活中总免不了会发生意外。(as引导非限制性定语从句) 2.上个星期日下午，当我和我的朋友沿着河边散步时，我们听到河里有人在呼救。(状语从句的省略) 3.当我们到达岸边时，我们意识到急需对他进行急救。(there is a need to do...) 4.我们让他脸朝上躺着，并反复进行口对口人工呼吸，直到他恢复意识。(face up) 5.然而，建议除非你擅长游泳，否则不要在这种情况下冒险危及自己的生命。(It is suggested that...；unless引导条件状语从句) 1.As is often the case，accidents happen in life.Last Sunday afternoon,2.while walking along the river，my friend and I heard someone screaming for help in the river.Without delay，we jumped into the river and pulled out a man who was struggling in it. On reaching the bank，we realized 3.there was an urgent need to give him first aid.4.We laid him face up and applied mouth-to-mouth resuscitation repeatedly until he recovered consciousness.Meanwhile，my friend called his parents and an ambulance.Soon，his parents and doctors arrived.His parents were very grateful to us for our timely assistance. Through this accident，we realized that knowledge of first aid makes a big difference.However,5.it is suggested that unless you are proficient in swimming，you should not risk your life in such situations.
Many leaflets and manuals offer practical 1.techniques(technique) on first aid，which state that calling emergency numbers without delay is the first step.But before paramedics and the ambulance come，you can save yourself or look after 2.others’(other) welfare by using first aid.If you get burned by radiation，acids or other chemicals，don’t panic or scream.Instead，place burns under cool running water right away.If necessary，remove any clothes 3.unless the fabric is sticking to the burned skin.With your nerves 4.damaged(damage) or with your skin swollen and full of blisters，there is 5.an urgent need to rush to the hospital.Swallowing foods too quickly can cause you to get choked.If so，people around you can slap on your back,6.forcing(force) the obstruction out.As for a bleeding nose，neither should you keep your face up，nor should you press the nose tightly.You can use the mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing method 7.to save(save) a drowning man.You can apply cold water 8.to the sprained ankle.In 9.conclusion(conclude)，learning some basic first aid skills makes a 10.significant(significance) difference.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
ease n．容易；舒适；自在 vt.& vi.减轻；缓解；(使)宽慰
·with ease容易地；不费力地 at ease舒适；悠闲；自在 put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在 ·ease sb of...减轻某人的……
(1)With the access to the Internet，we can easily get whatever information with ease.
(2)她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。
A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting/setting us at ease.
(3)我建议你听一些轻柔的音乐，这有助于你缓解紧迫感。(应用文写作之建议信)
I recommend you listen to some soft music，which helps you ease your sense of urgency.
delay v．推迟；延期；耽误；耽搁 n．延误；推迟(delayed adj.延时的，定时的)
·delay (doing) sth推迟(做)某事 ·without delay立刻；马上
(1)If there are three lines in the store，delays(delay) will happen randomly at different registers.(2021·浙江1月)
(2)He delayed telling(tell) her the bad news for fear that she would get into panic.
(3)听到呼救声，他立刻从座位上站起来，冲向游泳池，毫不拖延地救下了溺水的女孩。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The moment he heard the scream for help，he arose from his seat，rushed to the swimming pool and saved the drowning girl without delay.
panic vi.& vt.(panicked；panicked；panicking)(使)惊慌 n．恐慌；惊恐
·panic sb into doing sth 使某人仓皇行事 panic over/about因……而恐慌 ·get into a panic陷入恐慌 in panic惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中
(1)Fortunately，people in panic managed to escape from the burning building before it collapsed.
(2)简陷入恐慌，她的心跳动得如此剧烈，以至于她感觉快要窒息了。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
Jane got into a panic，and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly choked.
(3)当她意识到自己迷路的时候，强烈的恐慌感笼罩了她。(读后续写之情感描写)
A strong sense of panic seized her when she realized she had lost her way.
desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的(desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；极其 desperation n．绝望；拼命；铤而走险)
·be desperate for sth 渴望某物 be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事 ·in desperation 绝望地
(1)I desperately(desperate) need your assistance because I come across an urgent situation.
(2)His business failure left him in desperation(desperate)，but he managed to go out of the shadow through years of efforts.
(3)大卫低下了头，但他游移不定的眼神表明他渴望参加这次赛跑。
David lowered his head，but his wandering eyes showed that he was desperate to take part in the race.
(4)我非常渴望得到这份工作，特此写信申请，并希望您能考虑我的申请。
Desperate for the job，I am writing to apply for it and hope you can take my application into consideration.(形容词短语作状语)
用法点拨　表示“渴望某物/做某事”的短语还有：be eager for sth/to do sth，be anxious for sth/to do sth，long for sth/to do sth，be dying for sth/to do sth
help sb to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来 rise to one’s feet站起来；起身 jump to one’s feet跳起来 drag one’s feet拖着脚走；故意拖延 stamp one’s feet跺脚 set foot on/in 踏上；进入
(1)看到那个男孩在街上晕倒了，我冲过去帮他站起来，并给他叫了辆救护车。
Seeing the boy collapse on the street，I dashed to help him to his feet and called an ambulance for him.
(2)跑步时，大卫被一块石头绊倒了，但是他挣扎着站起来，拖着脚向终点线前进。几乎所有的观众都站起来，为他加油。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
While running，David tripped over a stone，but he struggled to his feet and dragged his feet towards the finishing line.Almost all the audience rose to their feet，cheering for him.
(3)詹妮父亲的回答激起她的愤怒，她从座位上跳起来，生气地直跺脚，一句话也说不出来。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)
The reply of Jenny’s father fueled her anger.She jumped to her feet from her seat and stamped her feet in anger，not uttering a word.
out of shape健康状况不好；变形
in good/bad shape健康状况良好/不佳 get/keep/stay in shape保持健康 in the shape of以……的形状/形式 take shape成形 be shaped like形状像
(1)因为缺乏锻炼，我的身体状态很差，所以我下定决心要定期锻炼以保持健康。
For lack of exercise，I am really out of shape/in bad shape，so I am determined to take exercise regularly to get/keep/stay in shape.
(2)妈妈为了我的生日做了很多卡通造型的纸杯蛋糕，有些是玩具汽车形状的，有些则是动物形状的。
Mom made lots of cartoon cupcakes for my birthday，some in the shape of toy cars，some shaped like animals.
as引导非限制性定语从句　As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.正如你能想象的，被灼伤可能会导致非常严重的损伤。
·as引导非限制性定语从句时，常在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末。 ·as引导定语从句的常用句式有： as is known to us all/as we all know众所周知 as we can see正如我们所看到的 as is reported正如被报道的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事 as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的
(1)我们能够从历史中找到一些问题的解决方法，这是常有的事。
As is often the case，we can find solutions to some problems from history.
(2)正如你在短视频中所看到的，英语口语社的成员不仅可以担当外国游客的导游，还可以参加全国英语演讲比赛。(2022·天津6月，书面表达)
As you can see in the short video，not only can members of the Spoken English Club serve as tourist guides for foreign tourists but they can also engage in the National English Speech Contest.
(3)如上所述，定期锻炼的重要性怎么强调都不为过。
As is mentioned above，the importance of regular exercise cannot be overstated.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．Realizing that he had made a slip① about this matter，he tore a slip② of paper，wrote down his apology，and then he slipped③out of the house and headed towards the freezing street.Though he was cautious enough，he still slipped④ on the icy pavement，and his glasses slipped⑤ from his nose.
①n.小错误　②n.纸条　③v.溜走　④v.滑倒　⑤v.滑落
2．The negotiations with their partner company collapsed①，and worse still，their office building collapsed② due to heavy rain.Both events served as signs for the potential collapse③ of their business.Upon hearing the bad news，he collapsed④ on the spot and was rushed to hospital immediately.
①v.突然失败　②v.(突然)倒塌　③n.突然失败　④v.昏倒
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Crafting the Chinese knot is a three-step process involving tying knots，tightening(tight) them and putting the finishing touches.
2．He reached out a hand，grabbed(grab) her arm and dragged her back.(读后续写之动作链描写)
3．The photographer was desperate to achieve(achieve) his goal to win others’ respect.
4．He wrapped(wrap) his arms around me and whispered，“You are bound to succeed.”
5．The photographer slipped(slip) downstairs，tiptoed out of the house and disappeared into the darkness.(读后续写之动作链描写)
6．What astonished me was that he delayed taking(take) immediate action and missed a precious chance.
7．Whenever some problems arose，he was bound to chat with me continually to put me at ease.
8．Every time you feel panicked(panic)，you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.
9．As far as I am concerned，there is no need to apologize(apologize) to her.On the contrary，she owes us an apology.
10．Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority(minor) of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.(2022·浙江1月)
假设你是李华，上周五下午，在放学回家的路上，你遇到一位昏迷并躺倒在地的妇女，她左腿有伤，流血不止。你急忙拨打电话叫救护车，同时根据所学急救知识给她实施急救，最后送她上了救护车。请写一篇短文，记录此事。内容包括： 1.事情发生的时间、地点； 2.对妇女实施急救的过程。
完成句子
1．上周五下午，我走在放学回家的路上，突然看到一位中年妇女躺在地上。(be doing...when；see宾语＋宾补)
2．她急需被送往医院，所以我立刻拨打了120并叫了救护车。(There is an urgent need...)
3．在等待救护车的时候，我拿出手帕试图止血。(状语从句的省略)
4．医生为那位妇女做了紧急处理，并建议我陪她去医院。(suggest that...)
5．正如这个案例所示，掌握一些基本且实用的急救知识确实非常重要。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
参考范文
Last Friday afternoon，I was walking back home from school when suddenly I saw a middle-aged woman lying on the ground.I walked up to her and then noticed that there was a wound on her left leg，bleeding heavily.There was an urgent need for her to be rushed to hospital，so I dialed 120 and called an ambulance right away.
While waiting for the ambulance，I took out my handkerchief and tried to stop the bleeding.Then I put the woman in the recovery position by rolling her onto one side and placing her left upper arm under her chin.The ambulance arrived five minutes later.The doctor did something urgent for the woman and suggested that I should accompany her to the hospital.I was happy to give further help and stepped onto the ambulance.
As is shown in the case，mastering some basic and practical first aid knowledge is really of great significance.
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　panic；desperate
[动作描写]　ease；slip；delay；interrupt；scream；choke；help sb to one’s feet；grab；justify；collapse；sleep in
美句 1.It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.(排比) 2.A fellow diner at the restaurant，Zhang Tao，was choking on some steak.He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.(场景描写) 3.Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly，push up and into his stomach in one motion.(动作描写) 4.How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：手部动作
单词 clap v．鼓掌；拍手；shake v．(与某人)握手；applaud v．鼓掌
词块 take/hold one’s hand 牵某人的手；reach for one’s hand伸手去够某人的手；shake one’s hand同某人握手；clap one’s hands拍手；hold out a hand伸出手；put one’s hands to one’s cheeks用双手捂住脸；put/slide one’s hands into (悄悄)将手插进；spread one’s hands摊开双手；rub one’s hands together使劲搓着双手；cup one’s hand(s) over用手捂着；with one’s head in one’s hands双手抱头；hand in hand手拉手
句型 1.She took the child’s hand and helped him climb the steps.她牵着孩子的手帮他爬上台阶。 2.He reached for her hand and held it tightly.他伸手抓住她的手并紧紧握住。 3.She put her hands to her cheeks in embarrassment.她窘迫地用双手捂住了脸。 4.She shrugged and spread her hands，“That’s all I can tell you.”她耸耸肩，摊开双手说：“我只能告诉你这么多了。” 5.A strong hand reached out and caught/hold her arm.一只有力的手伸了出来抓住了她的手臂。 6.I cupped my hands over the phone so they couldn’t hear me.我用手捂住电话，免得他们听到我的话。
语料运用　路遇“恶犬”
Two girls were ①walking hand in hand in the street when a big dog charged at them，which greatly panicked them.Faced with the fierce dog，so frightened were they that one girl ②put her hands up to her cheeks so as to avoid being attacked，while the other girl desperately crouched on the ground ③with her head in her hands.Just at that time，a young man with a stick rushed to drive the dog away，④helped them to their feet and comforted them gently，⑤which gradually eased the girls’ extreme panic(定语从句)．When thanked by the girls，the young man ⑥shyly rubbed his hands together，saying，“Don’t mention it.I’m just glad I could help.”
两个女孩正在街上手拉手地走着，突然一只大狗朝她们冲来，这让她们非常惊慌。面对这只凶猛的狗，她们害怕极了，以至于其中一个女孩双手捂着脸颊，试图躲避攻击，而另一个女孩则绝望地蹲在地上，双手抱头。就在这时，一个拿着棍子的年轻人冲了过来，把狗赶走，然后帮助她们站起来，并温柔地安慰她们，这逐渐缓解了女孩们的极度恐慌。当女孩们向他道谢时，这个年轻人害羞地搓了搓手，说：“别客气。能帮上忙我很高兴。”
单元主题组合练
[62.5分]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·河北沧州模拟)
Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge for scientists around the globe since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning.The ①chance of a powerful earthquake can only be determined through long-term forecasts in a general area or region on Earth.
Throughout history，no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake：including its date and time，location and magnitude.These are the three elements essential to make an earthquake，according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS)．While small earthquakes occur all the time，②high-intensity earthquakes are rare but is something to watch out.
Now，a new study led by researchers from Pennsylvania State University found a potential solution to the dilemma of earthquake forecast：ancient underthrust rocks.These rocks buried deep in ancient subduction(俯冲) zones—where tectonic(地壳的) plates bump with each other—could help scientists make better predictions of how these zones behave during the years between major earthquakes.
According to the USGS，we are still uncertain how we can make such a feat and are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the ③foreseeable future.
Although some people in the past said they could predict earthquakes，the U．S.Government agency asserts these are all failed predictions.Their predictions are neither grounded on scientific fact nor passed through the scientific method.
Since authorities in the field of geology and other related areas acknowledged that earthquake prediction is still far from being completed，scientists continue to further understand this mystery.Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms，earthquakes have no concrete parameters(参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours，days，weeks or months.
Regardless，the Penn State researchers have made progress in the dilemma by understanding the underthrust rocks in ancient subduction zones.Determining this area could help scientists better predict the behavior of these zones during periods between major earthquakes.Evidence of their findings was based on clues from rock formations in Alaska and Japan.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古老的俯冲断层岩石有助于预测地震。
1．What is the hard nut as to earthquake prediction
A．Earthquakes often occur in unexpected areas.
B．No scientists can tell how earthquakes happen.
C．The geological structure is too complicated.
D．It is hard to predict earthquakes accurately.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge...since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning.”和第二段首句“Throughout history，no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake：including its date and time，location and magnitude.”可推知，要准确预测地震的发生时间、地点和震级很难。故选D。
2．What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 mean
A．Take actions. B．Achieve success.
C．Adopt measures. D．Face challenges.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线部分下文“are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the foreseeable future”可知，人类在现阶段仍然无法成功地准确预测大地震，此处和画线部分为并列结构，应该传递的是一致的含义。由此可知，画线部分make such a feat与achieve success“取得成功”意思一致。故选B。
3．Why can hurricanes be accurately forecasted
A．Because they can be tracked through the specific data.
B．Because they usually happen in some particular places.
C．Because they can be confirmed by the practical experience.
D．Because they often take place during hot summer time.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms，earthquakes have no concrete parameters(参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours，days，weeks or months.”可知，与飓风和其他风暴的天气预报不同，地震无法预测是因为没有具体参数作参照。由此可知，飓风等能预测是因为能够根据具体参数展开分析。故选A。
4．What is the best title for the passage
A．Ancient Underthrust Rocks Help in Earthquake Prediction
B．Earthquake Prediction Remains a Problem to Work out
C．Underthrust Rocks Indicate Coming Violent Earthquakes
D．Scientists Can Successfully Predict Destructive Earthquakes
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文通过第一、二段介绍地震预测难的现状，引出第三段首句所表达的文章主旨：古老的俯冲断层岩石有助于预测地震。由此可知，“Ancient Underthrust Rocks Help in Earthquake Prediction”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
语境猜词 ①chance(熟义：n.机会) 生义(文义)：n.可能性 ②high-intensity(合)＝high＋intensity n．高强度 ③foreseeable(派)＝foresee＋able adj.可预料的
B
Rogues(疯狗浪)，called “extreme storm waves” by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)．These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly ①unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another，combining to form huge walls of water，according to NOAA.However，why and where they appear is unclear.But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys(浮标) in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”．
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that，until now，have not been combined into a single risk assessment，” said lead author Dion H fner.H fner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the ②likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data.This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them.But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.So H fner’s team applied another form of machine learning，which produced an equation when fed data，rather than just a single prediction，helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time.In fact，we ③registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves，” H fner said.This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，H fner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只免受破坏。
5．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example.
B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a classification.
D．By making an assumption.
答案　B
解析　写作手法题。根据第一段“Rogues(疯狗浪)，called ‘extreme storm waves’ by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to...” 再结合下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。故选B。
6．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures.
B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring.
D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...why and where they appear is unclear...researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’．”可知，疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，但研究人员创建了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。故选D。
7．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They aren’t visually available.
B．They depend on too many factors.
C．They make inaccurate predictions.
D．They don’t process data systematically.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A。
8．How does H fner find the system
A．It requires more field tests.
B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement.
D．It has a promising future.
答案　D
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，H fner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.”可推知，H fner认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。故选D。
语境猜词 ①unpredictable(派)＝un＋predict＋able adj.不可预测的 ②likelihood(派)＝likely＋hood n．可能性 ③register(熟义：v.注册) 生义(文义)：v.记录
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Floods can come from multiple sources.It can be a hurricane，failed dam，or ①overflowing river.The disasters can move quickly. 1 It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event.Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places.In general，there are two types. 2 The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture.The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent(激流) of rapidly moving water.River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive(过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee(防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things. 3 Living next to a river，dam，on the coast，or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4 Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period，flooding can occur.Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months.For example，the collapse of a dam can cause a flood.A natural disaster，such as a tsunami，can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
5 Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding.Moreover，flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A．The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B．Floods can be ②preventable and predictable.
C．Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D．And sometimes they come with little warning.
E．The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F．They include severe weather，geography，and other man-made factors.
G．Generally，the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾害，包括其特点、含义、类型、起因、汛期和预测、预防手段。
1．答案　D
解析　前文提到造成洪水的原因有多种，且洪水速度很快，后文提到洪水发生时知道如何保护家人和财产安全的重要性，建议做好充分的准备。D项“And sometimes they come with little warning.”符合语境，指出洪水可能很突然地发生，承接前文，佐证后文做充分准备的必要性。故选D。
2．答案　C
解析　前文提到洪水的定义，以及包含两种类型，后文具体描述第一种类型的洪水，因此C项“Flash floods are more common in dry areas.”符合语境，其中的dry areas是后文的these areas的指代对象。故选C。
3．答案　F
解析　前文“A flood can be caused by many things.”提到洪水的起因很多，因此F项“They include severe weather，geography，and other man-made factors.”符合语境，具体介绍这些因素，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的many things。故选F。
4．答案　G
解析　前文“There is no specific flood season.”提到洪水的发生没有特定的时间，因此G项“Generally，the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.”符合语境，指出宽泛的洪水发生的高风险时期，承接前文。故选G。
5．答案　B
解析　空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。后文主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水，因此B项“Floods can be preventable and predictable.”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选B。
语境猜词 ①overflow(合)＝over＋flow v．溢出 ②preventable(派)＝prevent＋able adj.可防止的
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·广东韶关二模)
On a hot afternoon Rhiannon was driving her old van down the highway.As she 1 her window to let in some fresh air，her car registration paper blew off the sun visor and onto the floor inside.When leaning down to 2 it，she accidentally drifted into ①oncoming traffic.In panic，she ②over-corrected and pulled the 3 sharply in the other direction. 4 ，the van rolled over three times，and Rhiannon was thrown onto the road，lying in the middle of the road and bleeding，nearly 5 .
A medical student witnessed the accident and came to her 6 .He covered Rhiannon with his coat and gave her emergency first aid，including 7 the wound on her left arm before the ambulance arrived.
8 ，Rhiannon was rushed to a hospital where an emergency room doctor spent hours 9 all the pieces of windshield from her arm，and gave her three dozen stitches.
Luckily，Rhiannon was saved.Not for the bandage，she would not have 10 long enough for the emergency personnel to arrive.Though Rhiannon didn’t know him，she was grateful to the medical student who saved her life.So she 11 the words online，“It’s a pity that I don’t know your name.If you happen to see or hear this story and recognize yourself，thank you for your kind 12 .”
Rhiannon also had a message for the other 13 heroes，“Please consider this a pay-it-forward letter of 14 —a letter from the 15 you helped who，for whatever reason，couldn’t thank you themselves.”
语篇解读　本文是记叙文，讲述了Rhiannon在高速公路上开车时遭遇了一场事故，随后被一名医学生救助，之后Rhiannon在网上对救援者表达了感激之情。
1．A.rolled down B．broke off
C．turned down D．switched off
答案　A
解析　roll down摇下；break off折断；turn down拒绝；switch off关闭。根据前文“Rhiannon was driving her old van”以及后文“to let in some fresh air”可知，她在开车，要让新鲜空气进来，应是摇下车窗。故选A。
2．A.stick B．grab
C．touch D．possess
答案　B
解析　stick粘贴；grab抓住；touch触摸；possess具有。根据前文“her car registration paper blew off the sun visor and onto the floor inside”可知，她的汽车登记纸被风从遮阳板上吹到了地板上，所以应是弯下腰去抓它。故选B。
3．A.handle B．engine
C．window D．wheel
答案　D
解析　handle手柄；engine发动机；window窗口；wheel方向盘。根据前文“she accidentally drifted into oncoming traffic”以及“In panic”可知，她不小心撞到了迎面而来的车辆，她很慌乱，结合常识可知，应是猛打方向盘。故选D。
4．A.Consequently B．Automatically
C．Frequently D．Slowly
答案　A
解析　consequently因此；automatically自动地；frequently经常；slowly慢速地。根据后文“the van rolled over three times，and Rhiannon was thrown onto the road”可知，此处应是她猛打方向盘的结果。故选A。
5．A.awake B．astonished
C．unconscious D．crazy
答案　C
解析　awake醒着的；astonished吃惊的；unconscious无意识的；crazy疯狂的。根据前文“Rhiannon was thrown onto the road，lying in the middle of the road and bleeding”可知，Rhiannon被从车里甩出去，而且流了血，应是几乎失去知觉。故选C。
6．A.vision B．action
C．rescue D．mind
答案　C
解析　vision视力；action行动；rescue救援；mind大脑。根据后文“He covered Rhiannon with his coat and gave her emergency first aid”可知，这名医学生在救Rhiannon。故选C。
7．A.bandaging B．curing
C．pressing D．uncovering
答案　A
解析　bandage用绷带包扎；cure治愈；press按；uncover发现。根据前文“bleeding”以及后文“Not for the bandage”可知，这名医学生应是包扎了她正在流血的伤口。故选A。
8．A.Without delay B．Out of sympathy
C．For certainty D．In despair
答案　A
解析　without delay立即；out of sympathy出于同情；for certainty无疑地；in despair失望地。根据前文“before the ambulance arrived”和后文“Rhiannon was rushed to a hospital”可知，Rhiannon应是立即被救护车送往医院。故选A。
9．A.tidying B．removing
C．collecting D．checking
答案　B
解析　tidy整理；remove去除；collect收集；check检查。根据后文“all the pieces of windshield from her arm”可知，应是从她的手臂里取出所有挡风玻璃碎片。故选B。
10．A.suffered B．struggled
C．stayed D．survived
答案　D
解析　suffer遭受；struggle斗争；stay保持；survive存活。根据前文医学生对她实施急救并结合后文“long enough for the emergency personnel to arrive”可知，此处表达“如果没有绷带，她不可能活到急救人员赶到”。故选D。
11．A.searched B．browsed
C．received D．posted
答案　D
解析　search搜索；browse浏览；receive收到；post发布。根据后文“the words online”可知，她在网上发帖。故选D。
12．A.guidance B．gesture
C．expression D．encouragement
答案　B
解析　guidance指导；gesture姿态，表示；expression表达；encouragement鼓励。根据前文“A medical student witnessed the accident and came to her .”可知，这名医学生救了她，所以是感谢他的善意行为，kind gesture意为“善意的举动”。故选B。
13．A.tireless B．faultless
C．nameless D．speechless
答案　C
解析　tireless不知疲倦的；faultless完美无缺的；nameless无名的；speechless说不出话的。根据前文“It’s a pity that I don’t know your name.”可知，Rhiannon不知道是谁帮助了自己，所以也想感谢其他无名英雄。故选C。
14．A.apology B．application
C．invitation D．appreciation
答案　D
解析　apology道歉；application应用；invitation邀请；appreciation感谢。根据后文“for whatever reason，couldn’t thank you themselves”可知，这是一封感谢信。故选D。
15．A.peers B．strangers
C．relatives D．fellows
答案　B
解析　peer同辈；stranger陌生人；relative亲属；fellow同事。根据前文“Rhiannon also had a message for the other heroes”可知，这是一封给无名英雄的信，因为不知道彼此的名字，所以此处指“一封来自你帮助过的陌生人的感谢信”。故选B。
语境猜词 ①oncoming(合)＝on＋coming迎面而来的 ②over-correct(合)＝over＋correct过度修正
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
It’s a race against time，as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves,1._________ UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The team 2. (devote) to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site，the construction of 3._________ takes about a thousand years，from the 4th century to the 14th century.The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over the 4. (century) on the ancient Silk Road.
Commonly 5. (see) “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking，as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves，and the deposition of salts.To restore a mural requires an ①all-rounder.Restorers should know painting，master the skills of a mason(石匠) and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics,6.________ (be) able to recognize the problems and their 7. (correspond) causes and deliver a solution.They must also select proper materials and tools，and conduct experiments,8._______ formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than ②repainting them.When the restorers find some parts of murals missing 9.________ fading away，they never repaint them to create a “perfect” 10. (appear) in restoration.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了敦煌莫高窟壁画的保护工作，包括保护的重要性、常见的壁画“病害”以及修复壁画所需要的技能和步骤。
1．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。World Heritage Site意为“世界遗产地”，为可数名词，此处作Mogao Caves的同位语，表示“一处世界遗产地”，故应用不定冠词修饰，UNESCO的发音以辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。
2．答案　is devoted
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。devote为及物动词，此处要用其被动语态，与其后的to构成固定搭配be devoted to“致力于”，根据上下文语境可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The team表示一个整体，为第三人称单数。故填is devoted。
3．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“the construction of takes...the 14th century”是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作宾语，关系词用which。故填which。
4．答案　centuries
解析　考查名词复数。根据上文提到这些文物的建造花了大约1 000年的时间以及本句的句意可知，此处表示“数百年间古丝绸之路上的文化交流”。故填centuries。
5．答案　seen
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词include，所以see用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语diseases之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填seen。
6．答案　to be
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词should know，master和have，所以be用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to be。
7．答案　corresponding
解析　考查形容词。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，corresponding意为“相应的”。故填corresponding。
8．答案　before
解析　考查介词。根据句意，此处表达“在……之前”之意，用介词before。故填before。
9．答案　or
解析　考查连词。根据句意，此处表示“或者”，missing和fading away之间为选择关系，用or连接。故填or。
10．答案　appearance
解析　考查名词。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，appear的名词形式是appearance。故填appearance。
语境猜词 ①all-rounder＝(合)all＋rounder全才；多才多艺者 ②repaint＝(派)re＋paint 重画；重漆(共80张PPT)
First Aid
选择性必修第二册　 Unit 5
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.散页印刷品；传单；小册子
n.毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)
n.光线；光束；(热、电等)射线
n.辐射；放射线
n.酸
adj.酸的；酸性的
1
leaflet
2
toxin
3
ray
4
radiation
知识速记
5
acid
n.毫米；千分之一米
n.层；表层；层次
n.(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)
气泡、水泡
n.织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
n.急救医生；护理人员
n.浴缸；浴盆
7
layer
8
blister
9
fabric
10
paramedic
6
millimetre
11
bathtub
n.[pl.-oes，-os]蚊子
静脉注射针
生命体征
n.病房
vt.扭伤(关节)
n.扭伤
n.踝；踝关节
12
mosquito
13
IV needle
14
vital sign
15
ward
16
sprain
17
ankle
n.(尤指餐馆的)就餐者
n.牛排；肉排
n.阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物
n.运动；移动
n.使用手册；说明书
adj.用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的
18
diner
19
steak
20
obstruction
21
motion
22
manual
n.技能；技术；技艺
n.(人或动植物的)器官
n.受害者；患者
prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面
n.神经；勇气
vt.& vi.吞下；咽下；默默忍受(侮辱、批评等)
vt.包，裹；(用手臂等)围住
1
technique
2
organ
3
victim
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
underneath
5
nerve
6
swallow
7
wrap
n.洗澡；(BrE＝bathtub)浴缸；浴盆
vt.(NAmE＝bathe)给……洗澡
vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走
n.滑倒；小错误 ；纸条
adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)
n.地毯
n.救护车
8
bath
9
slip
10
elderly
12
ambulance
11
carpet
13
delay
14
needle
16
panic
15
drown
vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事)
vt.耽误；耽搁
n.延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
n.针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
vi.& vt.(使)惊慌
n.惊恐；恐慌
vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫
n.尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的
n.男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽 ；阻塞
n.咽喉；喉咙
vt.(用手掌)打、拍
n.(用手掌)打、拍；拍击声
17
scream
18
fellow
19
choke
21
slap
20
throat
n.拳；拳头
vt.抓住；攫取
n.抓取；抢夺
n.幸福；福祉；安康；福利
vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒
n.& vi.突然失败
n.郊区；城外
n.会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
22
fist
23
grab
24
welfare
26
suburb
27
membership
25
collapse
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
2
minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
→minority n.少数；少数民族
electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的
→electrical adj.与电有关的
→electricity n.电；电能
3
4
swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
→swell vi.(swelled，swollen)膨胀；肿胀
loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的
→loosely adv.松散地；粗略地
→loosen vi.& vt.(使)变松
5
6
urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
→urge vt.力劝；敦促；竭力主张 n.强烈的欲望
→urgency n.急迫(性)
ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n.容易；舒适；自在
→easy adj.容易的
→easily adv.容易地
7
8
operator n.电话接线员；操作员
→operate vt.操作；使运行 vi.运转 ；动手术
→operation n.运转；手术
bleeding n.流血；失血
→bleed vi.(bled，bled)流血；失血
→blood n.血液；血
9
10
interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断
→interruption n.打扰；中断时间
desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
→desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；极其
→desperation n.绝望；拼命；铤而走险
12
11
practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的
→practice n.练习；实践；惯例 v.练习
→practically adv.几乎 ；差不多 ；实际上
tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地
→tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的
adv.紧紧地；牢固地
→tighten v.(使)变紧；使更加严格
13
14
justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
→justice n.正义；公正
foggy adj.有雾的
→fog n.雾
前缀under-：表示“在……之下，低于；下面的，从属的，次的；不足”。如undergrowth＝under＋growth(生长)→(长在大树下或周边的)下木层，灌木丛；underground＝under＋ground(地面)→在地(面)下，地铁；understatement＝under＋statement(表述)→轻描淡写，保守的说法。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)For Christmas my brother and I got new underwear，one toy and one book.
(2)There is no denying that the worst thing you can do is underestimate an opponent.
(3)The underofficer was responsible for overseeing the daily training exercises of the new recruits.
(4)The project was underfunded and that was why we had to abandon it halfway.
(5)I even worked on a commercial fishing boat in Alaska a couple of summers while I was an undergraduate.
____
____
________
_____________________
_______________________
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
内衣
低估
下级官员
对……提供的资金不足
大学本科生，大学肄业生
interval /'Int vl/ n.间隙；间隔
spur /sp (r)/ vt.& n.激励；鞭策；刺激
explicit /Ik'splIsIt/ adj.明确的；坦率的
bluntly /'bl ntli/ adv.直言不讳地；不客气地
dreadful /'dredfl/ adj.令人不快的；糟糕的；可怕的
1
3
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
2
4
5
flush /fl / vi.& vt.(生气或尴尬时)脸红；冲洗(马桶)
rejoice /rI'd Is/ vi.& vt.欣喜；喜悦
6
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
7
1
2
sense of touch 触觉
electric shock 触电；电击
help sb to one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来
face up/down 面朝上(朝下)
sleep in 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
out of shape 健康状况不好；变形
prevent...from... 阻止
a variety of 各种各样的
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
8
9
10
suffer from 遭受
stand by 袖手旁观；支持；遵守
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
正如你能想象的，被灼伤可能会导致非常严重的损伤。
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(unless引导的条件状语从句)
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
2
3
If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.(there is an urgent need to do sth 急需做某事)
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.[suggest (that) sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事]
离开前，他们建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
4
5
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.(状语从句的省略；see＋宾语＋宾补)
如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
(2023·全国乙)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
[句式分析]　此句是 句。句首it为 ，that从句为真正的主语，从句中由and连接两个句子。sticking to a traditional diet为现在分词短语作 ，修饰前面的those。
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
主从复合
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
据最近报道，那些坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约有一半的英国消费者想要在某种程度上改变或改进他们的烹饪。
形式主语
定语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.leaflet n.________________________
2.radiation n._____________
3.layer n._______________
4.blister n._________________________________
________________________
5.fabric n.________________________________
6.paramedic n.___________________
散页印刷品；传单；小册子
辐射；放射线
层；表层；层次
(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；
(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
急救医生；护理人员
默写巩固
词汇默写
7.ward n.____
8.sprain vt.__________
n._____
9.obstruction n.___________________
10.manual n.________________
adj.______________________________
病房
扭伤(关节)
扭伤
阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物
使用手册；说明书
用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. n.受害者；患者
2. vt.& vi.吞下；咽下；默默忍受(侮辱、批评等)
3. vt.包，裹；(用手臂等)围住
4. vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走
n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
5. n.救护车
6. vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事)
vt.耽误；耽搁
n.延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
victim
swallow
wrap
slip
ambulance
delay
7. vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
8. vi.& vt.(使)惊慌
n.惊恐；恐慌
9. vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫
n.尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
10. vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；阻塞
11. n.咽喉；喉咙
12. vt.抓住；攫取
n.抓取；抢夺
drown
panic
choke
throat
grab
scream
13. n.幸福；福祉；安康；福利
14. vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒
n.& vi.突然失败
15. prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面
welfare
collapse
underneath
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. adj.有雾的
→ n.雾
2. adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
→ n.少数；少数民族
3. n.流血；失血
→ vi.流血；失血
→ n.血液；血
4. adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
→ vi.膨胀；肿胀
foggy
fog
minor
minority
bleeding
bleed
blood
swollen
swell
5. vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；
是……的正当理由
→ n.正义；公正
6. adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的
→ adv.松散地；粗略地
→ vi.& vt.(使)变松
justify
justice
loose
loosely
loosen
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.____________ 触觉
2._________________ 帮助某人站起身来
3._______ 面朝上
4._______ 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
5.___________ 健康状况不好；变形
6.__________ 各种各样的
7.__________ 遭受
8.________ 袖手旁观；支持；遵守
sense of touch
help sb to one’s feet
face up
sleep in
out of shape
a variety of
suffer from
stand by
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The young was operated last week and is now recovering from the .(operate)
2. cars rely on components to harness and store __________for their operation.(electric)
3.Faced with the problem，each of us felt a great sense of _______and thus we were urged to take immediate action.(urge)
默写巩固
语境运用
operator
on
operation
Electric
electrical
electricity
urgent
urgency
4.With the equipment，employees can complete tasks with greater ，making their workday much overall.(easy)
5.My new colleague is always me while I am working and I am really fed up with the constant .(interrupt)
6.The family was in need of food and water，so they ___________searched for help and their grew with each passing hour.(desperate)
ease
easier
interrupting
interruptions
desperate
desperately
desperation
7.The new policy is not only theoretically sound but also ______________
feasible(可行的)，as it can help solve some problems.(practice)
8.To prevent leaks，the worker the pipe fittings very ，ensuring a secure and reliable connection.(tight)
practically
practical
tightened
tightly
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.正如常有的情况那样，生活中总免不了会发生意外。(as引导非限制性定语从句) 2.上个星期日下午，当我和我的朋友沿着河边散步时，我们听到河里有人在呼救。(状语从句的省略) 1. ，accidents happen in life.Last Sunday afternoon, 2. ，my friend and I heard someone screaming for help in the river.Without delay，we jumped into the river and pulled out a man who was struggling in it.
As is often the case
while walking along the river
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.当我们到达岸边时，我们意识到急需对他进行急救。(there is a need to do...) 4.我们让他脸朝上躺着，并反复进行口对口人工呼吸，直到他恢复意识。(face up) On reaching the bank，we realized 3._________________________________________.4. and applied mouth-to-mouth resuscitation repeatedly until he recovered consciousness.Meanwhile，my friend called his parents and an ambulance.
Soon，his parents and doctors arrived.His parents were very grateful to us for our timely assistance.
there was an urgent need to give him first aid
We laid him face up
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
5.然而，建议除非你擅长游泳，否则不要在这种情况下冒险危及自己的生命。(It is suggested that...；unless引导条件状语从句) Through this accident，we realized that knowledge of first aid makes a big difference.However,5.__________________________________________________________，you should not risk your life in such situations.
it is suggested that unless you are proficient in swimming
Many leaflets and manuals offer practical 1. (technique) on first aid，which state that calling emergency numbers without delay is the first step.But before paramedics and the ambulance come，you can save yourself or look after 2. (other) welfare by using first aid.If you get burned by radiation，acids or other chemicals，don’t panic or scream.Instead，place burns under cool running water right away.If necessary，remove any clothes 3. the fabric is sticking to the burned skin.With your nerves 4. (damage) or with your skin swollen and full of blisters，there is 5. urgent need to rush to the hospital.
词汇串记
techniques
others’
unless
damaged
an
Swallowing foods too quickly can cause you to get choked.If so，people around you can slap on your back,6. (force) the obstruction out.As for a bleeding nose，neither should you keep your face up，nor should you press the nose tightly.You can use the mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing method 7. (save) a drowning man.You can apply cold water 8. the sprained ankle.In 9. (conclude)，learning some basic first aid skills makes a 10. (significance) difference.
forcing
to save
to
conclusion
significant
返 回
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
n.容易；舒适；自在 vt.& vi.减轻；缓解；(使)宽慰
ease
·with ease容易地；不费力地
at ease舒适；悠闲；自在
put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在
·ease sb of...减轻某人的……
1
(1)With the access to the Internet，we can easily get whatever information ease.
with
(2)她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。
A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，_____________
____________________________.
(3)我建议你听一些轻柔的音乐，这有助于你缓解紧迫感。(应用文写作之建议信)
I recommend you listen to some soft music，________________________
_______________.
making us feel
at ease/putting/setting us at ease
which helps you ease your
sense of urgency
delay
·delay (doing) sth推迟(做)某事
·without delay立刻；马上
v.推迟；延期；耽误；耽搁 n.延误；推迟(delayed adj.延时的，定时的)
2
(1)If there are three lines in the store， (delay) will happen randomly at different registers. (2021·浙江1月)
(2)He delayed (tell) her the bad news for fear that she would get into panic.
delays
telling
(3)听到呼救声，他立刻从座位上站起来，冲向游泳池，毫不拖延地救下了溺水的女孩。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The moment he heard the scream for help，he arose from his seat，rushed to the swimming pool and .
saved the drowning girl without delay
panic
·panic sb into doing sth 使某人仓皇行事
panic over/about因……而恐慌
·get into a panic陷入恐慌
in panic惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中
vi.& vt.(panicked；panicked；panicking)(使)惊慌 n.恐慌；惊恐
(1)Fortunately，people panic managed to escape from the burning building before it collapsed.
3
in
(2)简陷入恐慌，她的心跳动得如此剧烈，以至于她感觉快要窒息了。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
，and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly choked.
(3)当她意识到自己迷路的时候，强烈的恐慌感笼罩了她。(读后续写之情感描写)
when she realized she had lost her way.
Jane got into a panic
A strong sense of panic seized her
desperate
·be desperate for sth 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事
·in desperation 绝望地
adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的(desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；极其 desperation n.绝望；拼命；铤而走险)
4
(1)I (desperate) need your assistance because I come across an urgent situation.
(2)His business failure left him in (desperate)，but he managed to go out of the shadow through years of efforts.
desperately
desperation
(3)大卫低下了头，但他游移不定的眼神表明他渴望参加这次赛跑。
David lowered his head，but his wandering eyes showed that _________
_____________________________.
(4)我非常渴望得到这份工作，特此写信申请，并希望您能考虑我的申请。
，I am writing to apply for it and hope you can take my application into consideration.(形容词短语作状语)
he was desperate to take part in the race
Desperate for the job
用法点拨　表示“渴望某物/做某事”的短语还有：be eager for sth/to do sth，be anxious for sth/to do sth，long for sth/to do sth，be dying for sth/to do sth
help sb to one’s feet
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
rise to one’s feet站起来；起身
jump to one’s feet跳起来
drag one’s feet拖着脚走；故意拖延
stamp one’s feet跺脚
set foot on/in 踏上；进入
帮助某人站起身来
5
(1)看到那个男孩在街上晕倒了，我冲过去帮他站起来，并给他叫了辆救护车。
Seeing the boy collapse on the street，I dashed to ___________________
and called an ambulance for him.
(2)跑步时，大卫被一块石头绊倒了，但是他挣扎着站起来，拖着脚向终点线前进。几乎所有的观众都站起来，为他加油。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
While running，David tripped over a stone，but he _________________
and towards the finishing line.Almost all the audience _______________，cheering for him.
help him to his feet
struggled to his feet
dragged his feet
rose to their feet
(3)詹妮父亲的回答激起她的愤怒，她从座位上跳起来，生气地直跺脚，一句话也说不出来。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)
The reply of Jenny’s father fueled her anger.She from her seat and in anger，not uttering a word.
jumped to her feet
stamped her feet
out of shape
in good/bad shape健康状况良好/不佳
get/keep/stay in shape保持健康
in the shape of以……的形状/形式
take shape成形
be shaped like形状像
健康状况不好；变形
6
(1)因为缺乏锻炼，我的身体状态很差，所以我下定决心要定期锻炼以保持健康。
For lack of exercise，I am really ，so I am determined to take exercise regularly to .
(2)妈妈为了我的生日做了很多卡通造型的纸杯蛋糕，有些是玩具汽车形状的，有些则是动物形状的。
Mom made lots of cartoon cupcakes for my birthday，some __________
________________，some .
out of shape/in bad shape
get/keep/stay in shape
in the
shape of toy cars
shaped like animals
as引导非限制性定语从句
·as引导非限制性定语从句时，常在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于句
首、句中或句末。
·as引导定语从句的常用句式有：
as is known to us all/as we all know众所周知
as we can see正如我们所看到的
as is reported正如被报道的那样
as is often the case这是常有的事
as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的
As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.正如你能想象的，被灼伤可能会导致非常严重的损伤。
7
(1)我们能够从历史中找到一些问题的解决方法，这是常有的事。
，we can find solutions to some problems from history.
(2)正如你在短视频中所看到的，英语口语社的成员不仅可以担当外国游客的导游，还可以参加全国英语演讲比赛。
(2022·天津6月，书面表达)
in the short video，not only can members of the Spoken English Club serve as tourist guides for foreign tourists but they can also engage in the National English Speech Contest.
As is often the case
As you can see
(3)如上所述，定期锻炼的重要性怎么强调都不为过。
，the importance of regular exercise cannot be overstated.
As is mentioned above
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.Realizing that he had made a slip① about this matter，he tore a slip② of paper，wrote down his apology，and then he slipped③out of the house and headed towards the freezing street.Though he was cautious enough，he still slipped④ on the icy pavement，and his glasses slipped⑤ from his nose.
①________　 ②_______　
③______　 ④_______　
⑤______
n.小错误
n.纸条
v.溜走
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
v.滑倒
v.滑落
2.The negotiations with their partner company collapsed①，and worse still，their office building collapsed② due to heavy rain.Both events served as signs for the potential collapse③ of their business.Upon hearing the bad news，he collapsed④ on the spot and was rushed to hospital immediately.
①___________　
②____________　
③___________　
④______
v.突然失败
v.(突然)倒塌
n.突然失败
v.昏倒
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.Crafting the Chinese knot is a three-step process involving tying knots，_________(tight) them and putting the finishing touches.
2.He reached out a hand， (grab) her arm and dragged her back.(读后续写之动作链描写)
3.The photographer was desperate (achieve) his goal to win others’ respect.
tightening
grabbed
to achieve
4.He (wrap) his arms around me and whispered，“You are bound to succeed.”
5.The photographer (slip) downstairs，tiptoed out of the house and disappeared into the darkness.(读后续写之动作链描写)
6.What astonished me was that he delayed (take) immediate action and missed a precious chance.
7.Whenever some problems arose，he was bound to chat with me continually to put me ease.
wrapped
slipped
taking
at
8.Every time you feel (panic)，you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.
9.As far as I am concerned，there is no need (apologize) to her.On the contrary，she owes us an apology.
10.Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing (minor) of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
(2022·浙江1月)
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panicked
to apologize
minority
提升写作能力
Part Three
应用文增分练
实施急救
假设你是李华，上周五下午，在放学回家的路上，你遇到一位昏迷并躺倒在地的妇女，她左腿有伤，流血不止。你急忙拨打电话叫救护车，同时根据所学急救知识给她实施急救，最后送她上了救护车。请写一篇短文，记录此事。内容包括：
1.事情发生的时间、地点；
2.对妇女实施急救的过程。
1.上周五下午，我走在放学回家的路上，突然看到一位中年妇女躺在地上。(be doing...when；see宾语＋宾补)
_____________________________________________________________
2.她急需被送往医院，所以我立刻拨打了120并叫了救护车。(There is an urgent need...)
_____________________________________________________________
3.在等待救护车的时候，我拿出手帕试图止血。(状语从句的省略)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.医生为那位妇女做了紧急处理，并建议我陪她去医院。(suggest that...)
_____________________________________________________________
5.正如这个案例所示，掌握一些基本且实用的急救知识确实非常重要。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Last Friday afternoon，I was walking back home from school when suddenly I saw a middle-aged woman lying on the ground.I walked up to her and then noticed that there was a wound on her left leg，bleeding heavily.There was an urgent need for her to be rushed to hospital，so I dialed 120 and called an ambulance right away.
应用文增分练
参考范文
While waiting for the ambulance，I took out my handkerchief and tried to stop the bleeding.Then I put the woman in the recovery position by rolling her onto one side and placing her left upper arm under her chin.The ambulance arrived five minutes later.The doctor did something urgent for the woman and suggested that I should accompany her to the hospital.I was happy to give further help and stepped onto the ambulance.
As is shown in the case，mastering some basic and practical first aid knowledge is really of great significance.
亮词 [情感描写]　panic；desperate
[动作描写]　ease；slip；delay；interrupt；scream；choke；help sb to one’s feet；grab；justify；collapse；sleep in
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.(排比)
2.A fellow diner at the restaurant，Zhang Tao，was choking on some steak.He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.(场景描写)
3.Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly，push up and into his stomach in one motion.(动作描写)
4.How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare.(主旨升华)
动作细节描写：手部动作
单词 clap v.鼓掌；拍手；shake v.(与某人)握手；applaud v.鼓掌
词块 take/hold one’s hand 牵某人的手；reach for one’s hand伸手去够某人的手；shake one’s hand同某人握手；clap one’s hands拍手；hold out a hand伸出手；put one’s hands to one’s cheeks用双手捂住脸；put/slide one’s hands into (悄悄)将手插进；spread one’s hands摊开双手；rub one’s hands together使劲搓着双手；cup one’s hand(s) over用手捂着；with one’s head in one’s hands双手抱头；hand in hand手拉手
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
句型 1.She took the child’s hand and helped him climb the steps.她牵着孩子的手帮他爬上台阶。
2.He reached for her hand and held it tightly.他伸手抓住她的手并紧紧握住。
3.She put her hands to her cheeks in embarrassment.她窘迫地用双手捂住了脸。
4.She shrugged and spread her hands，“That’s all I can tell you.”她耸耸肩，摊开双手说：“我只能告诉你这么多了。”
5.A strong hand reached out and caught/hold her arm.一只有力的手伸了出来抓住了她的手臂。
6.I cupped my hands over the phone so they couldn’t hear me.我用手捂住电话，免得他们听到我的话。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
路遇“恶犬”
Two girls were ① in the street when a big dog charged at them，which greatly panicked them.Faced with the fierce dog，so frightened were they that one girl ② so as to avoid being attacked，while the other girl desperately crouched on the ground ③ .
两个女孩正在街上手拉手地走着，突然一只大狗朝她们冲来，这让她们非常惊慌。面对这只凶猛的狗，她们害怕极了，以至于其中一个女孩双手捂着脸颊，试图躲避攻击，而另一个女孩则绝望地蹲在地上，双手抱头。
walking hand in hand
put her hands up to her cheeks
with her head in her hands
Just at that time，a young man with a stick rushed to drive the dog away，④ and comforted them gently，⑤___________
___________________________________(定语从句).When thanked by the girls，the young man ⑥ ，saying，“Don’t mention it.I’m just glad I could help.”
就在这时，一个拿着棍子的年轻人冲了过来，把狗赶走，然后帮助她们站起来，并温柔地安慰她们，这逐渐缓解了女孩们的极度恐慌。当女孩们向他道谢时，这个年轻人害羞地搓了搓手，说：“别客气。能帮上忙我很高兴。”
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helped them to their feet
which
gradually eased the girls’ extreme panic
shyly rubbed his hands together

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