资源简介

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．merchant　　　　 n．商人；批发商
adj.海上货运的
2．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队
3．behold vt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见
4．spice n．(调味)香料
5．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的
6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛
7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
8．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会
9．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的
10．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船
11．underwater adv.在水下
adj.水下的
12．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱
13．coral n．珊瑚
14．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
15．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削
16．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
17．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．tale n．故事；叙述
2．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛
3．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
4．channel n．航道；海峡；频道；方法；途径
5．bond n．纽带；关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
6．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税
n．税；税款
7．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
8．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录
n．正式记录；日志；原木
9．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止
vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意)；心跳停止
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；展开；扩大；提供→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机
2．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiation n．谈判；协商；磋商
3．withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离；提，取；脱离(社会)；停止提供→withdrawal n．撤离；收回；退出(组织)；提款，取款；戒毒过程
4．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客
5．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员
6．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的
7．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖；支付
8．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩
9．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居→migrate v．迁移；(随季节变化)迁徙→migrant n．移民；候鸟
10．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯
11．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的
12．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；具有；拥有
13．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的→opposite adj.相反的，对面的 n．反面；对立面 prep.在……对面
1．compliment /'k mplIm nt/ n．称赞；问候；致意 vt.赞美；钦佩
2．bolster /'b lst (r)/ vt.改善；加强
3．tangible /'t nd bl/ adj.有形的；真实的；可触摸的；可感知的→intangible /In't nd bl/ adj.难以形容(或理解)的；不易度量的；无形的
4．grope /ɡr p/ vi.& vt.摸索；摸索着走
grope one’s way toward(s) 摸索着朝……走
5．remedy /'rem di/ n．解决方法；补偿；治疗 vt.改正；纠正；改进
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．set sail 起航；开航
2．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
3．withdraw from 退出；撤回
4．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中
5．search for寻找
6．under the command of在……的指挥下
7．in return for作为对……的回报
8．for the benefit of为了……的好处/利益
9．take action采取行动
10．as well as也；又；还
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...)
这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。
2．China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
3．...there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(there is an urgent need to do sth 迫切需要做某事)
……为了了解气候变化及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。
4．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.(不定式作目的状语)
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。
5．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(so that引导目的状语从句)
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。
体验——析真题长句　知高考难度
(2023·全国乙)The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
[句式分析]　此句是并列复合句。and前面的分句中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词development；means后面是宾语从句，省略了引导词that。
[尝试翻译]　这座城市的发展令人瞩目，它在迈向现代世界的同时，有意识地保护着过去，这意味着这里总有新的事物等待人们去探索，而我或许会在接下来的50年里持续拍摄北京。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共16分)
1．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的
2．merchant n．商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的
3．press conference记者招待会；新闻发布会
4．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队
5．spice n．(调味)香料
6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛
7．coral n．珊瑚
8．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
9．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的
10．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的
11．underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的
12．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱
13．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
14．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共6分)
1．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
2．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
3．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税n.税；税款
4．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木
5．bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
6．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意)；心跳停止
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共14分)
1．withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离；提，取；脱离(社会)；停止提供→withdrawal n．撤离；收回；退出(组织)；提款，取款；戒毒过程
2．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客
3．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖；支付
4．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机
5．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共8分)
1．take action采取行动
2．set sail 起航；开航
3．withdraw from 退出；撤回
4．as well as也；又；还
5．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中
6．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
7．under the command of在……的指挥下
8．in return for作为对……的回报
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共17分)
1．My uncle is a university professor who can provide me with much professional guidance in my academic progress.(profession)
2．The recipe for success in life is a delicate mixture of hard work，perseverance，and a bit of luck，all mixed with a genuine passion for what you do.(mix)
3．The audience couldn’t help applauding the performer’s incredible talent，and the thunderous applause echoed through the theater.(applaud)
4．In times of great hardship，a merciful heart can offer compassion and forgiveness，turning a merciless situation into one with love and understanding.(mercy)
5．True happiness does not lie in the material possessions one may acquire，but in the ability to possess a grateful heart and a content spirit.(possess)
6．One of my opponents，sitting opposite me，was strongly opposed to my argument and shouted at me emotionally.(oppose)
7．Many migrant birds often travel long distances to find food and shelter during the migration season.(migrate)
8．Both parties need to come to the table and peacefully negotiate with each other，engaging in a productive negotiation(negotiate) session.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共19分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.为了人类的利益，科学家和研究人员致力于探索和揭开深海之谜，深海蕴藏着丰富的可供人生存的资源。(for the benefit of；定语从句) 2.为了保护它们免受伤害并确保其可持续性，迫切需要探索和了解海洋生态系统。(不定式作目的状语；there is an urgent need to do) 3.目的是保护海洋生物多样性，以便后代也能欣赏到海洋的奇妙之处。(so that引导目的状语从句) 4.凭借掌握的尖端技术，海洋探索有望取得令人兴奋的新发现，这些发现无疑将造福整个社会。(in hand，which引导非限制性定语从句) 　　The search for new marine resources has always been a driving force in ocean exploration.1.For the benefit of humanity，scientists and researchers work to explore and uncover the mysteries of the deep sea，which contains abundant resources vital for human existence.2.To protect them from harm and ensure their sustainability，there is an urgent need to explore and understand the ocean’s ecosystems.The aim is to preserve marine biodiversity,3.so that future generations can also enjoy the wonders of the sea.4.With cutting-edge technology in hand，ocean exploration promises to yield exciting new findings，which will undoubtedly benefit the whole society.
The Ming Dynasty desired to strengthen the 1.bonds(bond) with some western countries and between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets 2.under the command of Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea.They sailed across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa，along the marine channels which 3.had been extended(extend) by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold，silk and spices to the African royal families 4.and negotiated trade deals with them.Meanwhile，with 5.advanced(advance) weapons in hand，they had mercy on rather than exploited，murdered or arrested the people in other countries,6.who in turn applauded them.They also 7.logged(log) many tales that had happened along the way.Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of 8.their(they) own at that time.Today，to reach out across the sea remains a strong desire.And the ancient routes 9.travelled(travel) by Zheng He are being revisited with the aim 10.to encourage(encourage) cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开 vi.& vt.持续，延续(extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extension n．延伸；扩大；延期)
extend...to...向……提供/给予…… extend to延长到 extend by延长了
(1)If you are in need of a deadline extension(extend)，simply explain the situation to your professor.
(2)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
(3)这些课程每周一节，每节课两小时，持续22周以上。与去年的这门课程相比，持续时间延长了两周。(话题写作之学校生活)
These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class，extending over a period of twenty-two pared with last year’s course，the duration extends by two weeks.
(4)我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers，who have done so much for us over the years.
negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商(negotiation n．谈判；磋商)
·negotiate with sb for/about sth与某人谈判、商议某事 negotiate sth with sb与某人商议/谈判某事 ·in negotiation with sb与某人协商 under negotiation在商谈中
(1)The terms of the contract are currently under negotiation(negotiate) between the two parties.
(2)We should negotiate an agreement with relevant stakeholders before proceeding with further marine exploration.
(3)在小组项目中，协商各自的角色和责任至关重要，以确保每个人都能有效地做出贡献。
During group projects，it’s crucial to negotiate roles and responsibilities to ensure that everyone contributes effectively.
mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物(mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合 mixed adj.混合的；混杂的)
·a mixture of...……的结合或混合 ·mix...with/and...把……与……结合/混合 mix with sb与某人交往 mix up混合；掺和；混淆 ·be mixed up in...参与
(1)She carefully mixed the flour with/and water to make a smooth dough.
(2)孩子们聚精会神地听着他们讲述的冒险故事，内心既兴奋又带着一丝紧张。
Children were attentively listening to their adventurous tales，with a mixture of excitement and slight nervousness.
(3)他卷入了一场政治丑闻，这场丑闻差点毁了他的事业。
He got mixed up in a political scandal that threatened to ruin his career.
mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的)
·show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕 have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕 at the mercy of...任由……摆布 without mercy毫不留情 ·be merciful to...对……仁慈
(1)He was merciful(mercy) to the poor and always willing to lend a helping hand.
(2)她是一位善良的女士，总是对陷入困境的人心生怜悯。(人物描写)
She was a kind lady and always had mercy on/upon those who were in trouble.
(3)船上的发动机出故障后，他们只能任由猛烈的风暴摆布。
After the boat’s motor failed，they were at the mercy of the violent storm.
possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配)
·take possession of (表动作)占有；拥有 in possession of (表状态)具有；拥有 in the possession of被……拥有；归……所有 ·be possessed of sth具有(某种品质或特征)
(1)我丢失的钱包被找到了，现在正由失物招领处保管。
My lost wallet was found and is now in the possession of the lost and found department.
(2)幸福并不在于我们拥有多少财富，而在于我们对所拥有的事物的珍惜。
Happiness does not lie in the abundance of possessions，but in the appreciation of what we possess/are in possession of.
(3)请记住，只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。
Keep in mind that only if you possess/are possessed of a good state of mind will you attain success.
in hand在手头；可供使用
at hand近在手边；在附近 by hand手工，用手的 hand in hand手挽手；密切关联 on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面) give sb a hand 帮助……；施以援手
用hand相关短语的正确形式补全语段
Happiness often feels just at hand when we appreciate what we have in hand.Crafting something by hand brings a unique sense of fulfillment.We should always be ready to give a hand to those in need，hand in hand building a stronger community.On the one hand，material possessions may not guarantee happiness；on the other (hand)，a helping hand can brighten someone’s day.
so that引导目的状语从句 　We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。
·本句中so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中往往含有情态动词，如can，could，may，might等。 ·so that也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。
(1)你应该在上课时做笔记，以便日后复习。
You should take notes during the lecture so that you can review them later.
(2)他在学校里努力学习，因而被一所重点大学录取，没有辜负父母的期望。
He studied hard at school so that he was admitted into a key university and lived up to his parents’ expectations.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．There was a time when no one could arrest① his cruel criminal behavior.So when finally he was arrested② by the police，the news quickly arrested③ people’s attention.
①v.阻止　②v.逮捕　③v.吸引
2．Faced with solid evidence，the company decided to withdraw① its false advertisement to avoid further legal trouble.Meanwhile，the boss planned to withdraw② all his savings and withdraw③ into a peaceful resort.The bank also announced it would withdraw④ funding the company.
①v.(使)撤回　②v.提，取　③v.脱离(社会)　④v.停止提供
3．The young sailor was crossing the Bristol Channel① and carefully navigating through the narrow channel② between the islands，while back home，his wife Emma，switched to her favorite news channel③，which was one of her main channels④ to get connected with the world.
①n.海峡　②n.航道　③n.电视频道　④n.方法，途径
4．To extend① our business scope，we’ll build business relationships with more corporations.Meanwhile，we will extend② the contract with our regular customers and continue extending③ goods of high quality to them.
①vt.扩大　②vt.延长　③vt.提供
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Many people had their possessions(possess) buried under the ruins，thus becoming homeless.
2．The prime minister of the country was once a professional(profession) athlete as well as a licensed lawyer.
3．He doesn’t have the freedom to choose what he likes，so I have mercy on/upon him.
4．I negotiated with other sponsors of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly.
5．Due to a serious injury，the athlete had to withdraw from the upcoming championship.
6．The new 5G network offers unparalleled coverage(cover) and speed，revolutionizing the way we connect and communicate.
7．It’s said that an open-air barbecue will be scheduled，whose aim is to strengthen(strengthen) the bonds of the employees.
8．Do keep in mind that my assistance will be at hand whenever you need it.
9．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture(mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements.
10．All the merchants stayed silent，listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of applause(applaud) at the end.
2022·全国甲改编 你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。
完成句子
1．6月8日是世界海洋日，其目的是提高人们对海洋保护的认识。(the aim is to do...；whose引导定语从句)
2．海洋起着至关重要的作用，它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且维持了自然的平衡。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
3．随着海洋污染日益严重，迫切需要采取措施保护海洋免受污染。(with的复合结构；There is an urgent need to do...)
4．为了对海洋保护做出一些贡献，我们可以发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。(不定式作目的状语)
5．现在是时候我们该致力于保护海洋了，这样我们才能建设一个更加和谐的世界，在未来过上更好的生活。(so that引导目的状语从句)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
参考范文
When it comes to the ocean，the issue of pollution is becoming increasingly serious.World Oceans Day falls on June 8th，whose aim is to raise people’s awareness of ocean conservation.
The ocean，which plays a vital role，not only offers us sufficient food，but also maintains the balance of nature.With the ocean pollution becoming increasingly severe，there is an urgent need to take measures to protect the ocean from being polluted.To make contributions to ocean protection，we can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.Besides，we should stop throwing garbage into the ocean.
All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean，so that we can build a more harmonious world and live a better life in the future.
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　mercy n．→merciful adj.；opponent n．→opposed adj.；mixture n．→mixed adj.
[动作描写]　set sail；negotiate；withdraw from；applaud；exploit；arrest
美句 1.Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.(主旨升华) 2.In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.(动作描写) 3.Opponents may be concerned，but sea exploration is important for our future.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累　修辞妙用之拟人
拟人就是赋予物以人的语言属性。拟人手法的使用会使文章更加形象生动、富有情趣。
句型 1.The mist swallowed them up and the icy wind started howling，stinging their faces violently.薄雾吞没了他们，冰冷的风开始呼啸起来，猛烈地刺痛了他们的脸。 2.Seeing such extraordinary beauty，I thought every cell in my body woke up.看到这绝美景色，我想我身体里的每一个细胞都苏醒了。 3.The first rays of morning tiptoed through the grass.第一缕晨光蹑手蹑脚地穿过草地。 4.Immediately an absolute darkness ruled the forest and an extreme sense of fear seized me.刹那间，漆黑统治了整个森林，一种极度的恐惧感笼罩着我。 5.One evening saw/witnessed a bus driver weaving through traffic.一天晚上，一位公共汽车司机穿梭在车流中。 6.The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air，making a beautiful picture.羽毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，构成一幅美丽的图画。 7.The bees played hide-and-seek with the flowers as they buzzed from one flower to another.蜜蜂嗡嗡地从一朵花到另一朵花上，与花朵进行捉迷藏。
语料运用　海上遇险
Although Sam had been warned that ①a storm was coming，there was little that would keep him from going.②With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything(with的复合结构)，Sam set sail on a freezing night.The storm was gaining strength on land，but he had not yet reached a place far from the coast.③Waves rocked the small boat，which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride.They were completely ④at the mercy of the storm.The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea，throwing them in complete darkness.⑤Only then did fear begin to seize Sam(倒装句)．Then the dark sea along with a few twinkling stars ⑥witnessed a death-and-life struggle between humans and nature.Fortunately，⑦the stormy sea finally calmed down and the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon.
尽管山姆被警告暴风雨即将来临，但几乎没有什么能阻止他去。伴随着呼啸的寒风和吞噬一切的浓雾，山姆在一个寒冷的夜晚启航了。风暴在陆地上越来越大，但他还没有到达离岸很远的地方。波浪摇晃着小船，小船开始像游乐园里的游乐设施一样侧向转弯。他们完全任凭风暴摆布。船上挂着的昏暗的灯滑入愤怒的大海，把他们抛在一片无尽的黑暗中。直到这时，恐惧才开始笼罩山姆。然后，黑暗的大海以及闪烁着的几颗星辰，见证了人与自然之间的生死斗争。幸运的是，惊涛骇浪的大海终于平静下来，第一缕曙光蹑手蹑脚地出现在地平线上。
单元主题组合练
[62.5分]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
The ocean feels boundless.If you were to start swimming from shore，it’s easy to believe—fitness and oxygen aside—you could continue forever.That’s a far different experience to overland travel，where mountains，rivers，and highways jammed with traffic prevents easy passage.It’s equally easy to believe that fish and other highly mobile sea creatures experience the ocean in such a fashion.These animals，adapted over thousands of years to navigate the ocean，must easily bypass(绕过) any barrier around which they can theoretically swim.That assumption，though，is wrong.
It’s common for many oceanic species to stick to specific habitats and only seldom swim beyond them.That is especially true for many immature animals，which are small and easy to ①fall victim to predators.This，however，can cause unexpectedly big problems for oceanic species，especially when infrastructure(基础设施) gets in the way.
Take，for example，the green sawfish living near the mouth of the Ashburton River in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.In 2017，engineers working on a local oil and gas processing plant built a new loading facility consisting of a large piling jetty(码头) and solid rock wall，which stretched 500 meters offshore.Later，scientists realized that the green sawfish were unable，or unwilling，to pass around the barrier.But that could prevent the animals from reaching valuable feeding grounds and other habitats.
This discovery leads to a surprising new idea that sea animals，much like land species，need a helping hand getting around human infrastructure.In the case of the green sawfish，engineers could have created ②underpasses in the jetty through which the fish could swim.
As the climate continues to change，many sea species are moving farther north and they need suitable habitats to move through.Whether creating pass-throughs in artificial structures or plotting routes away from warming oceans，thoughtfully designing our infrastructure could go a long way toward protecting animals as we continue to engineer the ocean.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类海洋工程对海洋生物的影响及其解决方案。
1．What is the misunderstanding mentioned in the first paragraph
A．Sea creatures adapt to the ocean slowly.
B．The ocean presents no barriers to sea life.
C．Humans are inherently skilled at sea navigation.
D．Sea travel guarantees easier passage than land travel.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“These animals，adapted over thousands of years to navigate the ocean，must easily bypass(绕过) any barrier around which they can theoretically swim.That assumption，though，is wrong.”可知，第一段提到的误解是海洋没有给海洋生物设置障碍。故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The impact of human-made structures.
B．The risk of being hunted by predators.
C．The behavior of mature oceanic animals.
D．The tendency to stay in familiar habitats.
答案　D
解析　代词指代题。根据画线词前的“It’s common for many oceanic species to stick to specific habitats and only seldom swim beyond them.That is especially true for many immature animals，which are small and easy to fall victim to predators.”可知，这里的“This”指代的是上文提到的倾向于待在熟悉的栖息地。故选D。
3．Why are the green sawfish mentioned in the passage
A．To illustrate a point.
B．To present a phenomenon.
C．To put forward a new argument.
D．To add some background information.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段可知，文章中提到绿锯鱼是为了说明一个观点：人类建造的基础设施会给海洋生物带去意想不到的问题。故选A。
4．What does the author suggest about engineering the ocean
A．Maximizing economic benefits.
B．Prioritizing human infrastructure.
C．Creating underpasses for surfers.
D．Accommodating oceanic species’ needs.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。 根据最后一段中“...thoughtfully designing our infrastructure could go a long way toward protecting animals as we continue to engineer the ocean.”可知，作者建议在进行海洋工程时，应该考虑到海洋物种的需求，从而保护海洋生物。故选D。
语境猜词 ①fall victim to 成为……的受害者 ②underpass(合)＝under＋pass n．地下通道
B
(2024·福建莆田三模)
Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sounds underwater.
Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida，the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to ①document 729 mammals(哺乳动物)，fishes，and invertebrates(无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds.In addition，the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds.
“With more than 70% of the Earth’s surface covered by water，most of the planet’s habitats are aquatic(水中的)，and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent.The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can ②revolutionize marine and aquatic science，” the researchers said.
“Listening to underwater sounds can reveal a lot of information about the species that produce them and is useful for a variety of applications，ranging from fisheries management，③invasive species detection to assessing human environmental impacts，” said Looby，who also ④co-created FishSounds，which offers a collection of fish sound production research.
The team’s research was published in Scientific Data and involved 19 authors from six countries.“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance，and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal，” said Kieran Cox，a member of the research team.
“Most people are familiar with whale or dolphin sounds but are often surprised to learn that many fishes and invertebrates use sounds to communicate，too，” Looby said.“Our database helps demonstrate how widespread underwater sound production really is across a variety of animals，but we still have a lot to learn.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究。
5．Why is the data listed in paragraph 2
A．To show the types of biological sounds.
B．To show the sum of documents on animals.
C．To show the species of underwater animals.
D．To show the number of the sound-producing species.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“Led by Audrey Looby...document 729 mammals(哺乳动物)，fishes，and invertebrates(无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds.In addition，the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds.”可知，第二段的数据是为了说明发声物种的数量。故选D。
6．What is people’s misunderstanding according to the text
A．Many mammals can live in water.
B．Most fishes cannot make sounds.
C．Different species can communicate.
D．Ocean animals can’t get onto the land.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent”可知，人们误解大多数水生生物是不会发出声音的。故选B。
7．What does the underlined phrase “that goal” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．To document ocean animals’ sounds.
B．To set up a free database for scientists.
C．To learn how ocean animals communicate.
D．To publish the team’s research in Scientific Data.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段中“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance，and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal”可知，that goal指的是前面提到的“理解海洋物种如何与环境交流”。故选C。
8．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To call on people to protect ocean animals.
B．To introduce the finding of a research team.
C．To list the animals that can produce sounds.
D．To describe the mysterious underwater world.
答案　B
解析　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容和第三段中的“The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science”可知，本文主要讲的是一支科研团队创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，因此本文的主要目的是介绍研究团队的新发现，故选B。
语境猜词 ①document(转)n.→v.记录，记载 ②revolutionize(派)＝revolution＋ize v．彻底改变，完全变革 ③invasive(派)＝inva(de)＋s＋ive adj.侵入的 ④co-create(派)＝co＋create v．共同创建
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean.They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens(避风港) of biodiversity.Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 1
2 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves，①low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago，and a billion people would lose food or income.However，reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures.Heat causes the algae(海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素) that force those coral to leave.This can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help，such as identifying naturally ②heat-resistant corals and ③cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. 3 Without carbon reduction and decline in local，coral-killing pollution，even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference. 4 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with.Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.Scientific workarounds can also be found.Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding.Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. 5 Hard-core greens—those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled—may not approve.But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction，the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．Corals are useful to people.
B．But there are grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However，the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
1．答案　C
解析　根据前文“珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港”可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，C项“它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园”同样描述前文语境，切合文意。故选C。
2．答案　A
解析　根据后文“如果没有珊瑚礁所提供的保护，像马尔代夫这样地势低洼的岛屿很久以前就会被洪水淹没，10亿人将失去食物和收入”可知，此处是说明珊瑚礁的重要用途。A项“珊瑚对人类很有用”切合文意，起到引出后文的作用。故选A。
3．答案　G
解析　根据前文“世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助。比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚”和后文“如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可，G项“然而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持”切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
4．答案　B
解析　根据后文“碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，B项“但我们有理由感到乐观”说明事情在往好的方面发展，切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
5．答案　D
解析　根据前文“这种自然活动和人类干预的相结合的措施是很重要的”并结合选项可知，此处应讲这种措施更广泛的应用情况。D项“它可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图”切合文意。D项中的It指代前文的措施“This mix of natural activity and human intervention”。故选D。
语境猜词 ①low-lying(合)＝low＋lying低洼的 ②heat-resistant(合)＝heat＋resistant抗热的，耐热的 ③cross-breed(合)＝cross＋breed使杂交，杂交繁育
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·山东潍坊模拟)
In 2014，Xu Yitang，a student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts，saw corals at an aquarium for the first time.
Little did he know the chance 1 with the creature would spark a ①lifelong 2 .He began to 3 the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants，fish and corals.He also searched for information on relevant forums online，and before long，started 4 a coral in a small fish tank at home.
“The coral organism is quite 5 and has extremely high 6 for water quality，” recalls Xu.“In the beginning，its state was not good.”
As he became better 7 of the creature，he learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean，providing 8 for a quarter of all marine life. 9 ，rising sea temperatures have led to coral 10 .Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and 11 to protect them.
②Fast-forward to today，he 12 a coral ③conservationist in a Sanya-based tropical biological research center.
Each day，he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 13 the growth and development of the creatures.
His story has been 14 in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth that aims to use documentary shorts and ④in-depth studio interviews to 15 the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了徐一唐2014年偶然间在水族馆看到了珊瑚，从此他喜欢上了珊瑚，于是开始了解并且自己培育珊瑚。如今，他成了一名珊瑚保护主义者，他的故事被网络节目《当燃青春》报道。
1．A.incident B．witness
C．encounter D．appointment
答案　C
解析　incident事故；witness目击者；encounter相遇；appointment约会。根据上文“In 2014，Xu Yitang...saw corals at an aquarium for the first time.”可知，2014年徐一唐第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是一次和珊瑚的偶然相遇。故选C。
2．A.passion B．vision
C．friendship D．career
答案　A
解析　passion激情；vision视野；friendship友谊；career事业。根据下文“Each day，he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and the growth and development of the creatures.”可知，徐一唐每天都会花几个小时观察珊瑚的生长和发育情况，所以是他热爱珊瑚。故选A。
3．A.study B．frequent
C．examine D．discover
答案　B
解析　study学习；frequent常去，常到(某处)；examine检查；discover发现。根据下文“the local market to learn about coral farming”可知，他常去当地的市场，了解珊瑚养殖。故选B。
4．A.treating B．preserving
C．selecting D．growing
答案　D
解析　treat对待；preserve保护；select选择；grow(使)生长，种植。根据下文“a coral in a small fish tank at home”可知，他开始在家里的小鱼缸里养珊瑚虫。故选D。
5．A.tough B．smooth
C．delicate D．impressive
答案　C
解析　tough艰难的；smooth顺利的；delicate脆弱的，柔和的；impressive令人赞叹的。下文“In the beginning，its state was not good.”提到一开始珊瑚虫的状态不太好，说明脆弱。故选C。
6．A.benefits B．requirements
C．expenses D．responses
答案　B
解析　benefit利益；requirement要求；expense花费；response回应。根据下文“for water quality”可知，此处指珊瑚这种生物对水质的要求高。故选B。
7．A.reminded B．informed
C．warned D．convinced
答案　B
解析　reminded被提醒的；informed了解情况的；warned已警告的；convinced信服的。根据上文“He also searched for information on relevant forums online”可知，此处指他对这种生物了解的加深，故选B。
8．A.shelters B．partners
C．opportunities D．services
答案　A
解析　shelter收容所，避难所；partner伙伴；opportunity机会；service服务。根据上文“coral reefs are known as ‘tropical rainforests’ and ‘underwater gardens’ of the ocean”可知，珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”是因为它为四分之一的海洋生物提供了避难所。故选A。
9．A.Somehow B．Alternatively
C．Therefore D．Unfortunately
答案　D
解析　somehow不知怎么；alternatively或者；therefore因此；unfortunately不幸地。根据下文“rising sea temperatures”并结合常识可知，海洋温度升高会导致珊瑚减少，这是不幸的。故选D。
10．A.extinction B．variation
C．decline D．expansion
答案　C
解析　extinction灭绝；variation变化；decline下降，减少；expansion扩大。根据下文“to protect them”可知珊瑚需要保护，是因为海洋温度上升导致它们减少。故选C。
11．A.responsibility B．relief
C．achievement D．belonging
答案　A
解析　responsibility责任；relief安慰；achievement成就；belonging所有物。根据上文“Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and”可知，徐一唐感受到保护珊瑚的紧迫感和责任感与时俱增。故选A。
12．A.consults with B．applies for
C．seeks out D．acts as
答案　D
解析　consult with同……协商；apply for申请；seek out挑选出，物色；act as扮演，担任。根据下文“a coral conservationist”和“Each day，he spends several hours diving deep under...of the creatures.”可知，他担任珊瑚保护主义者。故选D。
13．A.find out B．note down
C．show off D．speed up
答案　B
解析　find out查明；note down记录；show off炫耀；speed up加速。根据下文“the growth and development of the creatures”可知，他潜入海里是为了观察和记录这些生物的生长发育。故选B。
14．A.revised B．contributed
C．announced D．featured
答案　D
解析　revise修改；contribute撰稿；announce宣布；feature以……为特色，放映。根据下文“in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth”可知，他的故事被网络节目《当燃青春》报道，应用feature。故选D。
15．A.assess B．follow
C．relate D．invent
答案　C
解析　assess评估；follow跟随；relate联系，讲述；invent发明。根据下文“the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life”可知，这个节目讲述了来自各行各业的中国年轻人的励志故事。故选C。
语境猜词 ①lifelong(合)＝life＋long终身的 ②fast-forward(合)＝fast＋forward快进 ③conservationist(派)＝conservation＋ist环境保护主义者 ④in-depth(合)＝in＋depth 细致的；深入的
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖南衡阳期末)
Using a three-dimensional (3D) transmission electron microscopy technique，a group of Chinese scientists have discovered a new phenomenon in the deformation(变形) of nanometals，which will help improve material design and ①engineering applications.
1． (lead) a team at the College of Materials Science and Engineering of Chongqing University and its ②cooperators，Huang Xiaoxu，a world-renowned materials scientist，created the world’s first 3D microscopy technique system 2. tracked the rotations(旋转) of individual ③grains in a nanograined nickel before and after in situ nanomechanical testing.The testing enables the observation of how the materials respond to applied stress in 3. (they) native state，which is fundamental to understand their mechanical 4.__________ (property)，said the research.
They found that the nanosized grains sometimes experience lattice rotations different from the 5. (theory) prediction.This unexpected lattice rotation occurs more often in the larger grains and is due to a phenomenon 6. (call) back stress，which generates the rotation.
Huang Xiaoxu’s team 7. (develop) 3D microscopy techniques over the past 10 years.The microscopy is equipped 8. self-developed controlling hardware and software to enhance the efficiency of image collection and processing.
“In the past，with conventional microscopy，scientists could only observe the material deformation in a two-dimensional way,9. often led to incomplete or even misleading results，” said Huang.“Now we can 10. (eventual) observe the deformation in 3D，and we published our first finding using the technique.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了利用三维透射电镜技术，一组中国科学家发现了纳米金属变形过程中的新现象，文章详述了该发现的意义。
1．答案　Leading
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，且Huang Xiaoxu与lead“带领”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词；句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Leading。
2．答案　and
解析　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的“created the world’s first 3-D microscopy technique system”和空后的“tracked the rotations...after in situ nanomechanical testing”为并列关系，本空用连词and。故填and。
3．答案　their
解析　考查代词。此处使用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”，作定语，修饰native state。故填their。
4．答案　properties
解析　考查名词的数。property“性质，特性”为可数名词。根据句意并结合常识可知，金属的特性不止一个，此处使用名词property的复数形式，作understand的宾语。故填properties。
5．答案　theoretical
解析　考查形容词。此处使用形容词theoretical“理论的”，作定语，修饰名词prediction。故填theoretical。
6．答案　called
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为occurs和is due to，此处应用非谓语动词，且phenomenon 与call“称呼，给……命名”之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填called。
7．答案　has been developing
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合时间状语over the past 10 years可知，过去的动作持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语Huang Xiaoxu’s team为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has been developing。
8．答案　with
解析　考查介词。be equipped with“装备有，配有”为固定短语。故填with。
9．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
10．答案　eventually
解析　考查副词。此处使用副词eventually“终于”，作状语，修饰动词observe。故填eventually。
语境猜词 ①engineering(派)＝engineer＋ing n．工程(学) ②cooperator(派)＝co＋operat(e)＋or n．合作者 ③grain(熟义：n.谷粒) 生义(文义)：n.颗粒；晶粒(共75张PPT)
Sea Exploration
选择性必修第四册　 Unit 3
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.商人；批发商
adj.海上货运的
n.舰队；机群；车队
vt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见
n.(调味)香料
adj.海的；海运的；海事的
1
merchant
2
fleet
3
behold
4
spice
知识速记
5
maritime
n.锦标赛；联赛
n.笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
记者招待会；新闻发布会
adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的
n.潜水器；可潜船
adv.在水下
adj.水下的
n.胶囊；太空舱
7
laptop
8
press conference
9
manned
10
submersible
6
tournament
11
underwater
12
capsule
n.珊瑚
n.名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
vt.开发；利用；剥削
n.加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
adj.海的；海产的；海生的
13
coral
14
directory
15
exploit
16
gallon
17
marine
n.故事；叙述
n.等级；水平；联合会；联赛
adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
n.航道；海峡；频道 ；方法；途径
n.纽带；关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系 ；使牢固结合
vt.对……征税；使纳税
n.税；税款
1
tale
2
league
3
royal
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
channel
5
bond
6
tax
adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
vt.把……载入正式记录；记录
n.正式记录；日志；原木
n.逮捕；拘留；中止
vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意) ；心跳停止
7
meanwhile
8
log
9
arrest
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
2
extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；展开；扩大；提供
→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的
→extension n.扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机
negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
→negotiation n.谈判；协商；磋商
3
4
withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离；
提，取 ；脱离(社会)；停止提供
→withdrawal n.撤离；收回；退出(组织)；提款，取款；戒毒过程
politics n.政治；政治观点
→political adj.政治的；政治上的
→politician n.政治家；政客
5
6
profession n.职业；行业
→professional adj.专业的；职业的
→professor n.教授；(大学的)讲师，教员
mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物
→mix vt.配制；混淆 ；使混合
→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的
7
8
coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围
→cover vt.包括；报道；行走 ；涉及；覆盖；支付
applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏
→applause n.鼓掌；掌声；喝彩
9
10
migration n.迁移；迁徙；移居
→migrate v.迁移；(随季节变化)迁徙
→migrant n.移民；候鸟
murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n.谋杀；凶杀
→murderer n.谋杀犯
11
12
mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的
→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的
possession n.[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制
→possess vt.控制；具有 ；拥有
13
opponent n.反对者；对手；竞争者
→oppose vt.反对；抵制
→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的
→opposite adj.相反的，对面的 n.反面；对立面 prep.在……对面
compliment /'k mplIm nt/ n.称赞；问候；致意
vt.赞美；钦佩
bolster /'b lst (r)/ vt.改善；加强
tangible /'t nd bl/ adj.有形的；真实的；
可触摸的；可感知的
→intangible /In't nd bl/ adj.难以形容(或理解)的；
不易度量的；无形的
1
3
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
2
grope /ɡr p/ vi.& vt.摸索；摸索着走
grope one’s way toward(s) 摸索着朝……走
remedy /'rem di/ n.解决方法；补偿；治疗
vt.改正；纠正；改进
4
5
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
1
2
set sail 起航；开航
in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
withdraw from 退出；撤回
in hand 在手头；可供使用；
在掌握中；在控制中
search for 寻找
under the command of 在……的指挥下
in return for 作为对……的回报
3
4
5
Ⅳ.背核心短语
6
7
8
9
for the benefit of 为了……的好处/利益
take action 采取行动
as well as 也；又；还
10
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...)
这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。
2
China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
3
...there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(there is an urgent need to do sth 迫切需要做某事)
……为了了解气候变化及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。
To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.(不定式作目的状语)
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。
4
5
We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(so that引导目的状语从句)
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。
(2023·全国乙)The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
[句式分析]　此句是 句。and前面的分句中which引导 从句，修饰先行词 ；means后面是 从句，省略了引导词 。
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
主从复合
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
这座城市的发展令人瞩目，它在迈向现代世界的同时，有意识地保护着过去，这意味着这里总有新的事物等待人们去探索，而我或许会在接下来的50年里持续拍摄北京。
定语
development
宾语
that
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.maritime adj._____________________
2.merchant n.____________
adj.___________
3.press conference _______________________
4.fleet n._________________
5.spice n.__________
6.tournament n._____________
海的；海运的；海事的
商人；批发商
海上货运的
记者招待会；新闻发布会
舰队；机群；车队
(调味)香料
锦标赛；联赛
默写巩固
词汇默写
7.coral n._____
8.laptop n._______________________
9.manned adj.______________________
10.marine adj._____________________
11.underwater adv.______
adj._______
12.capsule n.____________
13.directory n.__________________________________________
14.exploit vt._________________
珊瑚
笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
有人控制的；需人操纵的
海的；海产的；海生的
在水下
水下的
胶囊；太空舱
名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
开发；利用；剥削
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
2. adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
3. vt.对……征税；使纳税
n.税；税款
4. vt.把……载入正式记录；记录
n.正式记录；日志；原木
5. n.纽带；关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
meanwhile
royal
tax
log
bond
6. n.逮捕；拘留；中止
vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意)；心跳停止
arrest
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. vt.& vi.( ， )(使)撤回；
撤离；提，取；脱离(社会)；停止提供
→ n.撤离；收回；退出(组织)；提款，取款；
戒毒过程
2. n.政治；政治观点
→ adj.政治的；政治上的
→ n.政治家；政客
withdraw
withdrawal
politics
political
politician
withdrew
withdrawn
3. n.新闻报道；覆盖范围
→ vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖；支付
4. vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
→ adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的
→ n.扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机
5. vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n.谋杀；凶杀
→ n.谋杀犯
coverage
cover
extend
extensive
extension
murder
murderer
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 采取行动
2. 起航；开航
3. 退出；撤回
4. 也；又；还
5. 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中
6. 独领风骚
7. 在……的指挥下
8. 作为对……的回报
take action
set sail
withdraw from
as well as
in hand
in a league of one’s own
under the command of
in return for
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.My uncle is a university who can provide me with much ___________guidance in my academic progress.(profession)
2.The recipe for success in life is a delicate of hard work，perseverance，and a bit of luck，all with a genuine passion for what you do.(mix)
3.The audience couldn’t help the performer’s incredible talent，and the thunderous echoed through the theater. (applaud)
默写巩固
语境运用
professor
professional
mixture
mixed
applauding
applause
4.In times of great hardship，a heart can offer compassion and forgiveness，turning a situation into one with love and understanding.(mercy)
5.True happiness does not lie in the material one may acquire，but in the ability a grateful heart and a content spirit.(possess)
6.One of my ，sitting me，was strongly to my argument and shouted at me emotionally.(oppose)
merciful
merciless
possessions
to possess
opponents
opposite
opposed
7.Many birds often travel long distances to find food and shelter during the season.(migrate)
8.Both parties need to come to the table and peacefully negotiate ______ each other，engaging in a productive (negotiate) session.
migrant
migration
with
negotiation
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.为了人类的利益，科学家和研究人员致力于探索和揭开深海之谜，深海蕴藏着丰富的可供人生存的资源。(for the benefit of；定语从句) 　　The search for new marine resources has always been a driving force in ocean exploration.1. ，scientists and researchers work to explore and uncover the mysteries of the deep sea，_____________________________________________________.
For the benefit of humanity
which contains abundant resources vital for human existence
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.为了保护它们免受伤害并确保其可持续性，迫切需要探索和了解海洋生态系统。(不定式作目的状语；there is an urgent need to do) 3.目的是保护海洋生物多样性，以便后代也能欣赏到海洋的奇妙之处。(so that引导目的状语从句) 2._____________________________________________________，______
______________________________________________________________.The aim is to preserve marine biodiversity,3.___________________________________________________________.
To protect them from harm and ensure their sustainability
there is an urgent need to explore and understand the ocean’s ecosystems
so that future generations can also enjoy the wonders of the sea
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
4.凭借掌握的尖端技术，海洋探索有望取得令人兴奋的新发现，这些发现无疑将造福整个社会。(in hand，which引导非限制性定语从句) 4. ，ocean exploration promises to yield exciting new findings，______________
_________________________________.
With cutting-edge technology in hand
which will undoubtedly benefit the whole society
The Ming Dynasty desired to strengthen the 1. (bond) with some western countries and between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets 2._______ the command of Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea.They sailed across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa，along the marine channels which 3. (extend) by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold，silk and spices to the African royal families 4. negotiated trade deals with them.Meanwhile，with 5. (advance) weapons in hand，they had mercy on rather than exploited，murdered or arrested the people in other countries,
词汇串记
bonds
under
had been extended
and
advanced
6. in turn applauded them.They also 7. (log) many tales that had happened along the way.Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of 8. (they) own at that time.Today，to reach out across the sea remains a strong desire.And the ancient routes 9. (travel) by Zheng He are being revisited with the aim 10. (encourage) cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.
返 回
who
logged
their
travelled
to encourage
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开 vi.& vt.持续，延续(extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extension n.延伸；扩大；延期)
extend
extend...to...向……提供/给予……
extend to延长到
extend by延长了
1
(1)If you are in need of a deadline (extend)，simply explain the situation to your professor.
(2)The plan will extend protection a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected. (2022·新课标Ⅰ)
extension
to
(3)这些课程每周一节，每节课两小时，持续22周以上。与去年的这门课程相比，持续时间延长了两周。(话题写作之学校生活)
These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class，________________
pared with last year’s course，the duration .
(4)我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
，who have done so much for us over the years.
extending over a
period of twenty-two weeks
extends by two weeks
I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers
negotiate
·negotiate with sb for/about sth与某人谈判、商议某事
negotiate sth with sb与某人商议/谈判某事
·in negotiation with sb与某人协商
under negotiation在商谈中
vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商(negotiation n.谈判；磋商)
(1)The terms of the contract are currently under (negotiate) between the two parties.
2
negotiation
(2)We should negotiate an agreement relevant stakeholders before proceeding with further marine exploration.
(3)在小组项目中，协商各自的角色和责任至关重要，以确保每个人都能有效地做出贡献。
During group projects，it’s crucial to _____________________________
to ensure that everyone contributes effectively.
with
negotiate roles and responsibilities
mixture
·a mixture of...……的结合或混合
·mix...with/and...把……与……结合/混合
mix with sb与某人交往
mix up混合；掺和；混淆
·be mixed up in...参与
n.混合；结合体；混合物(mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合 mixed adj.混合的；混杂的)
(1)She carefully mixed the flour water to make a smooth dough.
3
with/and
(2)孩子们聚精会神地听着他们讲述的冒险故事，内心既兴奋又带着一丝紧张。
Children were attentively listening to their adventurous tales，________
________________________________________.
(3)他卷入了一场政治丑闻，这场丑闻差点毁了他的事业。
He that threatened to ruin his career.
with a
mixture of excitement and slight nervousness
got mixed up in a political scandal
mercy
·show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕
have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕
at the mercy of...任由……摆布
without mercy毫不留情
·be merciful to...对……仁慈
n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的)
4
(1)He was (mercy) to the poor and always willing to lend a helping hand.
merciful
(2)她是一位善良的女士，总是对陷入困境的人心生怜悯。(人物描写)
She was a kind lady and always __________________________________
_______.
(3)船上的发动机出故障后，他们只能任由猛烈的风暴摆布。
After the boat’s motor failed，they were ___________________________
______.
had mercy on/upon those who were in
trouble
at the mercy of the violent
storm
possession
·take possession of (表动作)占有；拥有
in possession of (表状态)具有；拥有
in the possession of被……拥有；归……所有
·be possessed of sth具有(某种品质或特征)
n.[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配)
(1)我丢失的钱包被找到了，现在正由失物招领处保管。
My lost wallet was found and is now the lost and found department.
5
in the possession of
(2)幸福并不在于我们拥有多少财富，而在于我们对所拥有的事物的珍惜。
Happiness does not lie in the abundance of possessions，but in the appreciation of .
(3)请记住，只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。
Keep in mind that ______________________________________________
_________________________.
what we possess/are in possession of
only if you possess/are possessed of a good state of mind will you attain success
in hand
at hand近在手边；在附近
by hand手工，用手的
hand in hand手挽手；密切关联
on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)
give sb a hand 帮助……；施以援手
在手头；可供使用
6
用hand相关短语的正确形式补全语段
Happiness often feels just when we appreciate what we have .Crafting something brings a unique sense of fulfillment.We should always be ready to to those in need，____________ building a stronger community. ，material possessions may not guarantee happiness； ，a helping hand can brighten someone’s day.
at hand
in hand
by hand
give a hand
hand in hand
On the one hand
on the other (hand)
so that
引导目的状语从句
·本句中so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中往往含有情态动
词，如can，could，may，might等。
·so that也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。
We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。
7
(1)你应该在上课时做笔记，以便日后复习。
You should take notes during the lecture ___________________________
_____.
so that you can review them
later
(2)他在学校里努力学习，因而被一所重点大学录取，没有辜负父母的期望。
He studied hard at school _______________________________________
and lived up to his parents’ expectations.
so that he was admitted into a key university
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.There was a time when no one could arrest① his cruel criminal behavior.So when finally he was arrested② by the police，the news quickly arrested③ people’s attention.
①______　
②______　
③______
v.阻止
v.逮捕
v.吸引
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
2.Faced with solid evidence，the company decided to withdraw① its false advertisement to avoid further legal trouble.Meanwhile，the boss planned to withdraw② all his savings and withdraw③ into a peaceful resort.The bank also announced it would withdraw④ funding the company.
①_____________　
②________　
③____________　
④__________
adj. (使)撤回
v.提，取
v.脱离(社会)
v.停止提供
3.The young sailor was crossing the Bristol Channel① and carefully navigating through the narrow channel② between the islands，while back home，his wife Emma，switched to her favorite news channel③，which was one of her main channels④ to get connected with the world.
①______　
②______　
③__________　
④____________
n.海峡
n.航道
n.电视频道
n.方法，途径
4.To extend① our business scope，we’ll build business relationships with more corporations.Meanwhile，we will extend② the contract with our regular customers and continue extending③ goods of high quality to them.
①_______　
②_______　
③_______
vt.扩大
vt.延长
vt.提供
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.Many people had their (possess) buried under the ruins，thus becoming homeless.
2.The prime minister of the country was once a (profession) athlete as well as a licensed lawyer.
3.He doesn’t have the freedom to choose what he likes，so I have mercy ________ him.
4.I negotiated other sponsors of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly.
possessions
professional
on/upon
with
5.Due to a serious injury，the athlete had to withdraw the upcoming championship.
6.The new 5G network offers unparalleled (cover) and speed，revolutionizing the way we connect and communicate.
7.It’s said that an open-air barbecue will be scheduled，whose aim is ____________(strengthen) the bonds of the employees.
8.Do keep in mind that my assistance will be hand whenever you need it.
from
coverage
to strengthen
at
9.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its (mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements.
10.All the merchants stayed silent，listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of (applaud) at the end.
返 回
mixture
applause
提升写作能力
Part Three
应用文增分练
海洋保护
(2022·全国甲改编)
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。
1.6月8日是世界海洋日，其目的是提高人们对海洋保护的认识。(the aim is to do...；whose引导定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
2.海洋起着至关重要的作用，它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且维持了自然的平衡。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
3.随着海洋污染日益严重，迫切需要采取措施保护海洋免受污染。(with的复合结构；There is an urgent need to do...)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.为了对海洋保护做出一些贡献，我们可以发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。(不定式作目的状语)
_____________________________________________________________
5.现在是时候我们该致力于保护海洋了，这样我们才能建设一个更加和谐的世界，在未来过上更好的生活。(so that引导目的状语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
When it comes to the ocean，the issue of pollution is becoming increasingly serious.World Oceans Day falls on June 8th，whose aim is to raise people’s awareness of ocean conservation.
The ocean，which plays a vital role，not only offers us sufficient food，but also maintains the balance of nature.With the ocean pollution becoming increasingly severe，there is an urgent need to take measures to protect the ocean from being polluted.To make contributions to ocean protection，we can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.Besides，we should stop throwing garbage into the ocean.
应用文增分练
参考范文
All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean，so that we can build a more harmonious world and live a better life in the future.
亮词 [情感描写]　mercy n.→merciful adj.；opponent n.→opposed adj.；mixture n.→mixed adj.
[动作描写]　set sail；negotiate；withdraw from；applaud；exploit；arrest
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.(主旨升华)
2.In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.(动作描写)
3.Opponents may be concerned，but sea exploration is important for our future.(情感描写)
修辞妙用之拟人
拟人就是赋予物以人的语言属性。拟人手法的使用会使文章更加形象生动、富有情趣。
句型 1.The mist swallowed them up and the icy wind started howling，stinging their faces violently.薄雾吞没了他们，冰冷的风开始呼啸起来，猛烈地刺痛了他们的脸。
2.Seeing such extraordinary beauty，I thought every cell in my body woke up.看到这绝美景色，我想我身体里的每一个细胞都苏醒了。
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
句型 3.The first rays of morning tiptoed through the grass.第一缕晨光蹑手蹑脚地穿过草地。
4.Immediately an absolute darkness ruled the forest and an extreme sense of fear seized me.刹那间，漆黑统治了整个森林，一种极度的恐惧感笼罩着我。
5.One evening saw/witnessed a bus driver weaving through traffic.一天晚上，一位公共汽车司机穿梭在车流中。
6.The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air，making a beautiful picture.羽毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，构成一幅美丽的图画。
7.The bees played hide-and-seek with the flowers as they buzzed from one flower to another.蜜蜂嗡嗡地从一朵花到另一朵花上，与花朵进行捉迷藏。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
海上遇险
Although Sam had been warned that ① ，there was little that would keep him from going.②________________________
__________________________________(with的复合结构)，Sam set sail on a freezing night.The storm was gaining strength on land，but he had not yet reached a place far from the coast.
尽管山姆被警告暴风雨即将来临，但几乎没有什么能阻止他去。伴随着呼啸的寒风和吞噬一切的浓雾，山姆在一个寒冷的夜晚启航了。风暴在陆地上越来越大，但他还没有到达离岸很远的地方。
a storm was coming
With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything
③ ，which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride.They were completely ④ . The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea，throwing them in complete darkness.
波浪摇晃着小船，小船开始像游乐园里的游乐设施一样侧向转弯。他们完全任凭风暴摆布。船上挂着的昏暗的灯滑入愤怒的大海，把他们抛在一片无尽的黑暗中。
Waves rocked the small boat
at the mercy of the storm
⑤ (倒装句).Then the dark sea along with a few twinkling stars ⑥_____________________________________
_________________.Fortunately，⑦______________________________
and .
直到这时，恐惧才开始笼罩山姆。然后，黑暗的大海以及闪烁着的几颗星辰，见证了人与自然之间的生死斗争。幸运的是，惊涛骇浪的大海终于平静下来，第一缕曙光蹑手蹑脚地出现在地平线上。
返 回
Only then did fear begin to seize Sam
witnessed a death-and-life struggle between humans and nature
the stormy sea finally calmed down
the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon

展开更多......

收起↑