资源简介

UNIT 2　WILDLIFE PROTECTION
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.poster n.　　　 海报
2.species n. 物种
3.shark n. 鲨鱼
4.fin n. (鱼的)鳍
5.habitat n. (动植物的)生活环境;栖息地
6.prince n. 王子;王孙;亲王
7.authority n. 官方;当权;权威
8.whale n. 鲸
9.antelope n. 羚;羚类动物
10.herd n. 牧群;兽群
11.fur n. 毛(皮);毛皮衣服
12.sacred adj. 神圣的;受尊敬的
13.kangaroo n. 袋鼠
n. 网
adj. 净得的;纯的
15.binoculars n. 双筒望远镜
16.dolphin n. 海豚
17.koala n. 树袋熊;考拉
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.mass participation　　　　 广泛参与
2.average speed 平均速度
3.living expenses 生活费用
4.safety measures 安全措施
5.academic pressure 学业压力
6.reserve a seat 预订座位
7.plain clothes 朴素的衣服
8.remind me of my mother 让我想起我的母亲
9.a deer park 鹿苑
10.shoot the arrow 射箭
11.profit sharing 利润分配
12.cyber attack 网络攻击
13.remove obstacles 清除障碍
14.damaged goods 损坏的商品
15.sea creatures 海洋生物
16.due to carelessness 由于粗心
17.insect collection 昆虫收集
18.neighbourhood friends 邻居朋友
19.stir interest 激发兴趣
20.dry skin 干燥的皮肤
21.unusual weather 异常的天气
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.illegal adj.　　　 不合法的;非法的
illegally adv. 不合法地;非法地
legal adj. 合法的;法律的
2.hunt vt.& vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕
hunter n. 猎人;搜寻者
3.immediately adv. 立刻
immediate adj. 直接的;立即的
4.alarm vt. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心
n. 恐慌;警报;警报器
alarming adj. 惊人的;使人惊恐的
alarmed adj. 担心;害怕
5.rate n. 速度;(比)率 vt.划分等级
rating n. 等级;级别
6.extinct adj. 已灭绝的
extinction n. 灭绝
7.aware adj. 知道;发觉;有……意识的
awareness n. 意识;认识
8.endanger vt. 使遭受危险;危害
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 危险的
endangered adj. 濒危的
9.concern vt. 涉及;让……担忧 n.担心,忧虑
concerned adj. 担心的;关切的;感兴趣的
concerning prep. 关于;涉及
10.adapt vi. 适应 vt.使适应;使适合
adaptation n. 适应;改编本;改写本
adaptable adj. 有适应能力的;能适应的
11.observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守
observation n. 观察
12.beauty n. 美;美人;美好的东西
beautiful adj. 美丽的;美好的
beautify vt. 美化
13.effective adj. 有效的;生效的
effect n. 效果;影响
14.recover vi. 恢复;康复 vt.找回;寻回
recovery n. 恢复
15.intend vi.& vt. 打算;计划;想要
intention n. 用意;目的;意图
16.threat n. 威胁
threaten vt. 威胁;危及
17.exist vi. 存在;生存
existence n. 存在;生存
existing adj. 现存的;现行的
18.harmony n. 和谐;融洽
harmonious adj. 和谐的
19.reduce vt. 减少
reduction n. 缩减;减少
20.emotion n. 感情;情感;情绪
emotional adj. 情感的;情绪的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.die out　　　　　　　 灭亡;逐渐消失
2.make progress 取得进步
3.adapt to 适应
4.make out 看清;听清;分清
5.remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起(类似的人或物)
6.watch over 保护;照管;监督
7.search for 搜索;查找
8.stir up 激起
9.aware of 意识到;知道
10.concerned about 对……关切的; 为……担忧的
11.day and night 日日夜夜;夜以继日
12.due to 由于;因为
13.under pressure 在压力下;承受压力
14.on average 平均
15.on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟;到底
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Elephants need large living spaces,so it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes. (It+be+adj.+for sb+to do sth)
大象需要广阔的生活空间,因此对它们来说适应这些变化很难。
2.This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes. (This is why...)
这就是我们来到此地的原因——观察藏羚羊。
3.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. (“only+状语”置于句首,主句用部分倒装)
只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
4.When it comes to wildlife protection,all species—the good,the bad,and the ugly—should be treated equally. (When it comes to)
当涉及野生动物保护时,所有物种——好的、坏的和丑的——都应该得到平等的对待。
5.To our left,snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. (环境描写)
在我们的左方,白雪皑皑的群山消失在似乎触手可及的云层中。
构词法日积月累
前缀re-有两重含义:“重,又,再”和“回,返回”。 re-(重,又)+mind (思想)→使重新出现在脑海里→remind提醒;使想起 re-(回,返回)+move (移动)→往回移动→remove去除;移开
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.advertising poster广告海报
2.endangered species濒危物种
3.great white shark 大白鲨
4.habitat destruction栖息地破坏
5.fairy tale prince童话王子
6.blue whale蓝鲸
7.African antelope非洲羚羊
8.cattle herd牛群
9.animal fur动物毛皮
10.fish fin鱼鳍
11.fishing net渔网
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.mass adj.大量的;广泛的 n.大量;堆;群
2.average n.平均数;平均水平 adj.平均的;正常的;普通的
3.living adj.居住的;活的;在用的 n.生活;生计
4.measure n.措施;方法 vt.测量;度量;估量
5.pressure n.压力;要求
6.reserve n.(动植物)保护区;储藏(量) vt.预订;预留;保留
7.remind vt.提醒;使想起
8.shoot vt.& vi.(shot,shot)射杀;射伤;发射
9.attack n.,vi.& vt.攻击;抨击
10.remove vt.去除;移开;脱去
11.skin n.皮;皮肤
12.unusual adj.特别的;不寻常的
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.legal adj.合法的;法律的→illegal adj.不合法的;非法的→illegally adv.不合法地;非法地
2.immediate adj.直接的;立即的→immediately adv.立刻
3.alarm vt.使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 n.恐慌;警报;警报器→alarmed adj.担心;害怕→alarming adj.惊人的;使人惊恐的
4.danger n.危险→dangerous adj.危险的→endanger vt.使遭受危险;危害→endangered adj.濒危的
5.concern vt.涉及;让……担忧 n.担心,忧虑→concerned adj.担心的;关切的;感兴趣的→concerning prep.关于;涉及
6.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应;使适合→adaptation n.适应;改编本;改写本→adaptable adj.有适应能力的;能适应的
7.observe vt.观察(到);注视;遵守→observation n.观察
8.beauty n.美;美人;美好的东西→beautiful adj.美丽的;美好的→beautify vt.美化
9.effect n.效果;影响→effective adj.有效的;生效的
10.recover vi.恢复;康复 vt.找回;寻回→recovery n.恢复
11.threat n.威胁→threaten vt.威胁;危及
12.exist vi.存在;生存→existence n.存在;生存→existing adj.现存的;现行的
13.harmony n.和谐;融洽→harmonious adj.和谐的
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.adapt to适应
2.die out灭亡;逐渐消失
3.make progress取得进步
4.remind sb of sb/sth使某人想起(类似的人或物)
5.watch over保护;照管;监督
6.search for搜索;查找
7.on average平均
8.aware of意识到;知道
9.concerned about对……关切的;为……担忧的
10.make out看清;听清;分清
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:This is why...
I want you to participate in our friendly match with the volleyball team of Guangming Middle School next Monday,and this is why I’m writing to you. (邀请信)
我想请你参加下周一我们与光明中学排球队进行的友谊赛,这是我给你写信的原因。
2.句型公式:When it comes to...
When it comes to how to protect traditional Chinese culture,the students hold different points of view. (观点态度)
当谈到如何保护中国传统文化时,学生们持有不同的观点。
3.句型公式:“only+状语”置于句首,主句用部分倒装
Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can you behave properly. (建议信)
只有当你了解一些中国的餐桌礼仪时,你才能表现得体。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.During times of mass (大量的;大规模的) unemployment,there’s a pool of cheap labour for employers to draw from.
2.It is well-known that Changbaishan is not only a famous tourist attraction but also China’s largest nature reserve (保护区).
3.The economic downturn has seen people struggle with the basic costs of day-to-day living (生计).
4.If you are exposed to the sunlight for too long,your skin will get badly hurt.
5.Alarmed at the air quality,the government decided to take some measures to prevent it from getting worse.
6.I am planning to learn kung fu so that I can defend myself against being attacked.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The number of reported crimes is increasing at an alarming (alarm) rate.
2.He called on the United States to play a more effective (effect) role in bringing peace to the region.
3.The doctor says he is recovering faster than expected and that sunshine,fresh air and proper rest will do good to his recovery (recover).
4.Our parents are concerned about our study and health.As far as I’m concerned,we should talk with them and tell them our concerns.(concern)
5.Wildlife has been greatly threatened (threaten) in the modern age.There are species disappearing every day.
6.Do you believe in the existence (exist) of unknown creatures Anyway,who knows.
Ⅲ.短语填空
make progress;watch over;on average;search for
1.The guards were originally hired to watch over the houses as they were being built.
2.Just by clicking the buttons,we can work,study,chat online,play games,watch movies,search for information and so on.
3.As the saying goes,“Modesty helps one make progress while conceit makes one lag behind.”
4.He is sort of addicted to running and runs on average about 15 miles a day.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yesterday I saw a poster about illegal hunting,1.which immediately stirred up strong emotions in me.Many species are dying out 2.at an alarming rate due to human activities.About three species become extinct every hour on average.3.To make (make) more profits,some people shoot masses of whales,sharks and deer for their meat,fur or skin.Kangaroos,koalas and dolphins are reduced to 4.endangered (danger) species because their habitats are threatened.However,the authorities are aware of 5.what should on earth be done and unusual and effective measures are being taken to preserve wildlife.Volunteers set up nature reserves on the plain,and watch over them day and night to keep them from 6.being attacked (attack).Gradually,they make progress and the antelope population 7.has recovered (recover).Some species are removed from the endangered species list.Only when we learn to exist in 8.harmony (harmonious) with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.All living creatures including insects in your neighborhoods have equal rights to live.We should search for 9.approaches (approach) to protecting them and observe their beauty instead of just being concerned about the problem.We human beings should always remind 10.ourselves (we) that the solution exists in our action.
1.aware adj.知道;发觉;有……意识的(awareness n.意识;认识)
佳句背诵　
Aware of all the people staring at me,I was so nervous that I was sweating all over. (心理描写)
意识到所有人都盯着我让我非常紧张,以至于浑身直冒汗。
be/become aware of sth/that... 知道,明白……;意识到……
arouse/improve/strengthen one’s awareness of... 唤起/提高/增强某人……的意识
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①World Oceans Day,falling on June 8th,is aimed at raising awareness (aware) of ocean conservation.
②I appeal to the government to launch more environment-friendly campaigns to arouse people’s awareness of living a low-carbon life. (倡议书)
我呼吁政府发起更多的环保运动以唤起人们过低碳生活的意识。
教考衔接　单句写作
③This activity aims to improve awareness of food conservation and inspire actions towards reducing food waste. (通知;2024·1月九省联考)
这项活动旨在提高人们对节约食物的意识,并激励人们采取行动减少食物浪费。
2.average n.平均数;平均水平 adj.平均的;正常的;普通的 v.计算出……的平均数
佳句背诵　
He works hard and his grade is above the average in his class. (人物介绍)
他学习刻苦,他的成绩在班里高于平均水平。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
an average of　　　　　　 平均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average 平均起来
above/below average 平均水平以上/以下
up to average 达到一般水准
average out 算出平均数
①On the average,each student in our class spends about two hours on homework every night.
②All students have two PE classes a week and run for an average of 20 minutes every day.
所有学生每周上两节体育课,平均每天跑20分钟。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③When enough of these errors are averaged (average) together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.concern vt.涉及;让……担忧;与……有关 n.担心;忧虑;关心;(利害)关系
(concerned adj.担心的;关切的;感兴趣的 concerning prep.关于;涉及)
佳句背诵　
When Jamie noticed that his classmate looked sad during lunch,he showed concern for her by asking if everything was okay.
在午餐时杰米注意到他的同学看起来很难过,便关心地问她是否一切都好。
as far as...be concerned　就……而言
be concerned about/for 对……担心/关心
be concerned with 与……有关
show/express concern for/about 对……表示关心
以练促学　单句语法填空/词汇升级
①The authorities concerned are deeply concerned about the issue concerning education reform.(concern)
②The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.
③In my opinion,we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match. As far as I’m concerned
教考衔接　单句写作
④His smile gave way to a look of concern.An embarrassing silence fell between us. (神态描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
他的笑容被担心的表情取代。我们之间陷入了一阵尴尬的沉默。
[点津]　concerned作前置定语时,意为“关心的;担忧的”;作后置定语时,意为“有关的;相关的”。
4.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应;使适合;改编;改写
(adaptable adj.有适应能力的;能适应的 adaptation n.改编本;改写本;适应)
佳句背诵　
The famous novel was adapted for the stage,bringing the characters to life in a vivid performance. (文学评论)
这部著名小说被改编为舞台剧,以生动的表演将角色栩栩如生地呈现出来。
adapt (oneself) to　　 使……适应于
adapt sth from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is a TV adaptation (adapt) of the Chinese literary classic,Dream of the Red Chamber,which is performed by a group of children aged 6 to 12.
②I do hope that you can adapt (yourself) to the new school as soon as possible and lead a happy life. (表达祝愿)
我真的希望你能尽快适应新学校,过上愉快的生活。
教考衔接　单句语法填空/单句写作
③Variety in diet and toys,travel,and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable (adapt) to change. (2024·1月九省联考)
④I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play (that/which is) adapted from our English text. (求助信;全国Ⅲ卷)
我写信请求您就我们的英语短剧给予我们帮助,该短剧改编自我们的英语课文。
片段巩固 用aware;average;concern;adapt完成活动介绍的片段
活动介绍之写作提示:老师和家长意识到,每个学生每天平均花大约四小时在电子设备上,他们对此感到担忧→学校推出“无屏星期五”,鼓励学生参加户外活动→学生适应了这个新常规 Aware of,on average,each student spent about four hours on electronic devices,the teachers and parents showed concern about it.The school decided to introduce“Screen-Free Fridays”,encouraging students to engage in outdoor activities instead.Over time,students adapted to this new routine and found it beneficial,enjoying more face-to-face interactions and physical exercise.
5.measure vt.测量;度量;估量;(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为…… n.措施;方法
佳句背诵　
In my opinion,success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life. (主旨升华)
在我看来,衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱,而在于如何理解人生真正的意义。
measure...by... 用……来度量……
make...to sb’s measure 给某人量身定做……
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The room measuring (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in.
②Holding the skirt made to my measure,I threw myself into my mother’s arms,tears of happiness welling up in my eyes. (动作+情绪描写)
拿着为我量身定做的裙子,我扑进妈妈的怀里,眼中涌出幸福的泪水。
教考衔接　单句写作
③China has also taken active measures to protect the environment and promote sustainable development. (2024·北京卷)
中国还积极采取措施,保护环境,促进可持续发展。
[点津]　
①measure用作“措施”时,常用其复数形式。
②measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时,是系动词,后跟测量的结果,不用于被动语态及进行时态。
6.remind vt.提醒;使想起
佳句背诵　
The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China,which always reminds us of the family reunion. (节日介绍)
春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一,它总是让我们想到家庭的团聚。
remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起(类似的)人或物
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
以练促学　一句多译
①这张海报提醒我们必须立即采取措施保护濒临灭绝的生物。
→The poster reminds us that we must take immediate measures to protect endangered creatures. (remind sb that...)
→The poster reminds us to take immediate measures to protect endangered creatures. (remind sb to do sth)
教考衔接　单句写作
②It reminded me of the importance of observing and capturing moments of beauty in our surroundings. (活动介绍;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这让我想起了在我们周围观察和捕捉美好时刻的重要性。
[点津]　“v.+sb+of sth”短语还有:
cure sb of sth　　　 治好某人(的某种病)
accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
7.intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要(intention n.用意;目的;意图)
佳句背诵　
Mrs.Thompson intends her son to apply to several universities overseas to broaden his academic and cultural horizons. (人物描写)
汤普森太太打算让她的儿子申请几所海外大学,以拓宽他的学术视野和文化视野。
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①My parents had intended (intend) to buy a new truck but couldn’t afford it.
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事,计划做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth (=intended to have done sth)本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
be intended for 专门为……准备/打算;专为……而设计
be intended to do sth 打算做某事
with the intention of 目的是……
②The grammar book which is intended (intend) for English beginners is extremely popular.
③我们学校组织了一场五公里的越野跑比赛,目的是增强我们的体力和脑力。
→Our school organized a five-kilometer cross-country running race with the intention of improving our physical and mental strength. (intention)
→Our school organized a five-kilometer cross-country running race,which was intended to improve our physical and mental strength. (定语从句)
教考衔接　单句语法填空/单句写作
④Well intended (intend) though it was,I do think there exists some inappropriateness,which I feel obliged to point out. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
⑤I am writing to express my concern about the upcoming spoken English program.As you said,you intend having/to have us randomly matched in pairs. (建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我写信是想表达对即将进行的口语项目的担忧。正如您所说,您打算让我们随机配对。
8.exist vi.存在;生存(existence n.存在;生存 existing adj.现行的;现存的)
佳句背诵　
There exist ups and downs in our life,but whatever happens,we can always exist on love and hope. (主旨升华)
我们的生活有起有落,但无论发生什么,我们都可以依靠爱和希望生活。
exist in=lie in/consist in 存在于……
exist on=live on　 靠……生存/存活
There exist(s)... 某地有……;存在……
come into existence 产生;成立;开始存在
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The garden came into existence (exist) through the efforts of local residents,who aimed to provide a green space for urban farming.
②Despite the existing challenges,the team remains optimistic about their project’s success. (心理描写)
尽管现存诸多挑战,团队对其项目的成功仍旧乐观。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Throughout the event,I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and learned about plants that are used for medical purposes,as well as those that provide food and shelter for animals. (活动介绍;2023·浙江1月卷)
在这次活动中,我为世界上存在的植物种类的多样性所震撼,还认识到了一些用于医疗目的的植物,以及为动物提供食物和庇护场所的植物。
片段巩固 用measure;remind;intend;intention;exist写一段日记
日记之写作提示:布朗先生让我们测量不同植物的高度→活动旨在提醒我们自然界中存在着多种多样的植物物种→提醒我们要在笔记本上准确地记录测量结果→课程结束时,我们对植物的生长方式和收集准确数据的重要性有了更好的理解→布朗先生的意图是启发我们欣赏自然世界和研究自然的科学方法 During our science class,Mr.Brown asked us to measure the height of different plants.This activity was intended to remind us of how diverse plant species exist in nature.He also reminded us to record the measurements accurately in our notebooks.By the end of the lesson,we had a better understanding of how plants grow and the importance of precise data collection.Mr.Brown’s intention was to inspire us to appreciate the natural world and the scientific methods used to study it.
1.remove /r mu v/ vt.去除;移开;脱去;拿走;免职(生义)
①If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.
(2023·全国甲卷) vt.拿走
②He removed his jacket when he arrived home. vt.脱去
③He was severely criticized and removed from his post. vt.免职
2.due /dju / adj.由于;因为;应付的;预期的(生义);到期的(生义)
①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow. adj.应付的
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week. adj.预期的
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books. adj.到期的
④I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) adj.由于;因为
3.rate /re t/ n.速度;(比)率;价格;费用 vt.划分等级;评估;评价(生义)
①She could feel her heart beating at a fast rate as she approached the stage. n.速度
②We offer special reduced rates for students. n.价格;费用
③The film was rated as excellent by 90 per cent of children. vt.评估;评价
4.alarm/ lɑ m/ vt.使惊恐;使害怕;使担心(生义) n.恐慌;警报;警报器
①When the alarm went off,everyone in the house woke up immediately.The unexpected storm alarmed the residents,making them feel uneasy. n.警报器 vt.使惊恐;使害怕
②I don’t want to alarm you,so I come here early. vt.使担心
③The school has a fire alarm system that ensures everyone’s safety during emergencies. n.警报
5.beauty / bju ti/ n.美;美人(生义);美好的东西(生义)
①The beauty of the sunset amazed everyone on the beach. n.美
②She is known as the beauty of our school because of her kind heart and lovely appearance. n.美人
③The new park is a real beauty,with its colorful flowers and green trees,making it a perfect place to relax and enjoy nature. n.美好的东西
6.mass /m s/ adj.大量的;广泛的 n.大量;堆(生义);群(生义)
①There was a mass of students gathering in the schoolyard for the morning assembly.The mass participation in the event showed how much everyone cared. n.大量 adj.广泛的
②The teacher noticed a mass of books piled up in the corner of the classroom. n.堆
③In the wide,open field,a mass of sheep grazed peacefully,their white wool contrasting with the green grass. n.群
7.observe / b z v/ vt.观察(到);注视;遵守(生义);庆祝(生义)
①The students were asked to observe the behavior of insects in their natural habitat. vt.观察
②Mary observed her friend’s performance on stage,admiring her confidence. vt.注视
③At school,everyone is expected to observe the rules to maintain a respectful and safe environment. vt.遵守
④She felt excited to observe her birthday with all her friends. vt.庆祝
句型公式:“only+状语”置于句首的部分倒装
课本原句:Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
佳句背诵　
In the process,only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions will you get the hang of the language and its essence. (建议信)
在英语句子中,为了表示强调,把“only+状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)”置于句首,主句要用部分倒装结构,即“Only+状语+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他”。
在这个过程中,只有融入中国的环境,你才能掌握语言的窍门和精髓。
以练促学　单句写作
①Only when/if you come to China can you truly experience Chinese food culture. (建议信)
你只有来到中国,才能真正体验中国的饮食文化。
②Only then did I find that it was with bravery and determination that we can conquer all the difficulties. (主旨升华)
直到那时,我才发现,正是凭借勇敢和决心我们才能克服一切困难。
教考衔接　单句写作
③From then on,I would try my best to help others like Gunter.Only in this way could more and more people help each other in the future. (主旨升华;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
从那时起,我会尽我最大的努力去帮助别人,就像冈特一样。只有这样,将来才能有越来越多的人互相帮助。
[点津]　当only修饰状语不位于句首,或位于句首的only修饰的不是状语而是主语时,句子不倒装。
对应学生用书P81
维度一　单元知识运用
1.Only then did (do) I realize the importance of adapting myself (I) to new environments.
2.He was concerned (concern) about his friend’s health,thinking about it constantly.
3.We must take immediate and effective measures to conserve (conserve) water in our daily lives.
4.He reminded his sister to bring (bring) her umbrella because the weather forecast had predicted heavy rain throughout the day.
5.The teacher intends students to complete (complete) their projects by Friday,and the scores will be averaged (average).
6.The new community center came into existence (exist) last year,providing many services to residents.
7.The traffic was unusually heavy this morning,and this is why I was late for the important meeting.
8.She is fully aware of the importance of regular exercise for maintaining good health.
9.When it comes to cooking,she is an expert who can create delicious and nutritious meals at home.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.Due to pollution,many species are dying out,which is alarming for us.
由于污染,许多物种正在灭绝,这让我们担忧。
2.We must take effective measures to protect endangered species and prevent their extinction.
我们必须立即采取行动保护濒危物种,防止它们灭绝。
3.We should observe the rules to live in harmony with nature and make progress in sustainability.
我们应该遵守规则,与自然和谐相处,并在可持续发展方面取得进步。
4.After graduating,I will hunt a job and help my family recover from financial difficulties.
毕业后,我会找工作,帮助家人度过经济困难。
5.Why on earth did he leave immediately after the meeting without saying a word
他到底为什么在会议结束后马上离开了,一句话都没说
6.In the dark,he could barely make out the figure he was searching for.
在黑暗中,他几乎看不清他正在寻找的人影。
7.Pollution has reduced the river from clean to dirty,stirring up concerns of the local villages.
污染使河流从清澈变得浑浊,引发当地村民的担忧。
8.Climate change threatens wildlife,and we must watch over their habitats carefully.
气候变化威胁野生动物。我们必须仔细地保护它们的栖息地。
维度三　单元话题写作(邀请信——参观野生动物保护摄影展)
假定你是某国际中学的学生李华,你市图书馆将于下周五举办一场野生动物保护摄影展(exhibition)。请你给美国交换生Nick写一封邮件,邀请他一同前去,内容包括:1.写信目的;2.介绍展览的具体信息:时间、地点和内容;3.期待回复。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.我写信邀请你下周五和我一起去参观我们市图书馆举行的野生动物保护摄影展。 (wildlife protection)
I’m writing to invite you to join me for a wildlife protection photo exhibition at our city library next Friday.
2.为提高人们对野生动物保护重要性的认识,展览展出了各种濒危物种及其栖息地的精彩照片。(intention;awareness;endangered;habitat)
With the intention of raising awareness about the importance of wildlife protection,the exhibition features wonderful photographs showing various endangered species and their habitats.
3.这将是一个很好的机会,让我们更多地了解野生动物保护,并鼓励其他人立即采取行动,创造一个更美好的世界,让我们人类和动物能够和谐共处。(It+be+adj.+for sb+to do...;measure;exist;harmony;定语从句)
It will be a great chance for us to learn more about wildlife protection and encourage others to take immediate measure for a better world where we humans and animals could exist in harmony.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
Dear Nick,
I’m writing to invite you to join me for a wildlife protection photo exhibition at our city library next Friday.
With the intention of raising awareness about the importance of wildlife protection,the exhibition features wonderful photographs showing various endangered species and their habitats.And importantly,it will be a great chance for us to learn more about wildlife protection and encourage others to take immediate measures for a better world where we humans and animals could exist in harmony.
Please inform me if you’re interested and available on Friday morning.Anticipating your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
对应学生用书P82
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 living adj.居住的;活的;在用的n.生活;生计 marine adj.海洋的　surrounding adj.周围的 advocate v. 倡导 observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守 recognize v.认识 whale n.鲸 plain n.平原adj.简单明了的;直率的;平凡的 beauty n. 美;美人;美好的东西 creature n.生物 urgency n.紧迫性
词 块 a coastal village　　　　　沿海村庄 concerned about对……关切的;为……担忧的 adapt to 适应 take measures 采取措施 under pressure 在压力下;承受压力 make out 看清;听清;分清 remind sb of sb/sth使某人想起(类似的)人或物 environmental changes 环境变化 human activities 人类活动 shrinking habitats 日益缩小的栖息地 declining food sources 减少的食物来源 protect our marine friends 保护我们的海洋朋友 organize beach clean-ups 组织海滩清洁活动 sustainable fishing practices可持续的捕鱼方式
靓 句 1.Living in a coastal village,I am concerned about the marine life in our surrounding seas,especially the whales. 住在沿海村庄,我非常关心我们周围海域的海洋生物,特别是鲸鱼。 2.However,these whales are under pressure due to environmental changes and human activities. 然而,这些鲸鱼因为环境变化和人类活动而承受压力。 3.We organize beach clean-ups and advocate for sustainable fishing practices to ensure the whales can thrive. 我们组织海滩清洁活动并倡导可持续的捕鱼方式,以确保鲸鱼能够生生不息。 4.I wish future generations can also witness the breathtaking sight that a whale is leaping out of the ocean’s surface. 我希望未来的世代也能一睹鲸鱼跃出海面的壮观景象。
2.场景片段训练(保护濒危动物鲸鱼)
Living in a coastal village,I ①am concerned about the marine life (关心海洋生物) in our surrounding seas,especially the whales.Observing these creatures,I ②am reminded of the beauty and sacredness of life (想到了生命的美丽与神圣).However,these whales are ③under pressure (承受压力) ④due to environmental changes and human activities (因为环境变化和人类活动).They must ⑤adapt to (适应) shrinking habitats and declining food sources,which is no plain task.Our community,recognizing the urgency,⑥has taken measures to protect our marine friends (已经采取措施来保护我们的海洋朋友了).We ⑦organize beach clean-ups (组织海滩清洁活动) and advocate for sustainable fishing practices to ensure the whales can thrive.I wish future generations can also witness the breathtaking sight that a whale is leaping out of the ocean’s surface.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act),an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act,all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding” Darling,a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934,better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。该计划启动于1934年,其收入用来保护美国数百万英亩沼泽湿地中的水禽,并要求所有年满16岁的水禽狩猎者必须购买美国鸭票。
28.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A.Loss of wetlands.
B.Popularity of water sports.
C.Pollution of rivers.
D.Arrival of other wild animals.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).”可知,湿地的流失是水禽数量不断减少的一大原因,故选A项。]
29.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A.Acquire. B.Export.
C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知,探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时,北美洲有着多种多样的野生动物。由画线单词所在的句子“Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”可知,此处讲述的是不幸的事情,并与上文存在转折关系。故此处表达的是,这些探险者和定居者只用了几十年的时间就将大部分的资源摧毁。分析选项可知,decimate与destroy的含义相近,故选C项。]
30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A.The stamp price has gone down.
B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting.
D.The government has collected money.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat...”可推知,1934年颁布的法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了保护野生动物的资金,故选D项。]
31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B.The National Wildlife Refuge System
C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
答案　A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了美国联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。所以本文是围绕The Federal Duck Stamp 来展开文章的内容,故选A项。]
思维建模
明确主旨大意题的干扰选项的特征
以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或文章内容的某一个方面
主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛,超出了文章实际所讨论的内容
断章取义 以次要的事实或细节代替全文的主要观点
无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖
以例示法(如31题)
选项B:虽然文章提到了联邦鸭票资金用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,并将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统,但这一部分内容只是全文的一部分。犯了“以偏概全”的错误。
选项C:文章确实讨论了保护水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地的重要性及其带来的好处,但主要通过联邦鸭票计划来实现这一目标。选项C侧重于保护水禽的益处,而忽略了邮票项目作为实现保护目标的具体措施。犯了“以偏概全”的错误。
选项D:文章开头提到了早期探险者和定居者对水禽的猎杀行为,但全文的重点在于如何通过立法和联邦鸭票计划来保护迁徙水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地。选项D过于侧重于狩猎的历史,而忽略了保护措施和项目的成功,犯了“断章取义”的错误。
本文主要围绕联邦鸭票展开,介绍了其起源、作用及其在保护迁徙水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地中的重要性。因此,选项A最能全面概括全文内容。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:variety n.多样性;wildlife n.野生动物; resources n.资源;Para.2:migratory adj.迁徙的; destruction n.破坏;wetlands n.湿地; Para.3:conservation n.保护;purchase v.购买; generations n.世代 Para.1:set foot upon在……上踏足;take care of照顾; natural resources自然资源; ever-increasing populations不断增长的人口; Para.2:stop the destruction停止破坏; Para.3:purchase wetlands购买湿地
析 长 难 语 句 Para.3:About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句;主句为主谓状结构;不定式短语to purchase...作目的状语;在插入语a fact...中含有that引导的定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　每一美元鸭票中约有98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金,用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,以纳入国家野生动物保护系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护,使其能为后代所用。 [语言赏析]　该句通过复杂而严谨的结构,有效地传达了联邦鸭票计划在资金使用、保护目标及其长期影响方面的关键信息。破折号的运用增强了表达的条理性和强调效果。
课时作业　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·郑州高三质量预测二)
Waterways are important for every country around the world.They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However,due to industrial activity,many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand.The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However,the river has become littered with plastic bags,bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So,with the help of her father,she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May,Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia,the US,and received a Judge’s Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website,her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡) Barrier in Amsterdam,which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there,a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool,Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,” she explained to Science News for Students,“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish,Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next,she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国15岁的高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下,设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。
1.What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system
A.Her father’s encouragement.
B.Her desire to protect a nearby river.
C.A visit to a science and engineering fair.
D.An invention of a Dutch high school student
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,the river has become littered with...clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.”可知,Perry为了清理河道里的垃圾,保护附近的河流,设计了一款垃圾收集系统,故选B项。]
2.What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system
A.It was designed by Perry alone.
B.It makes power to run the air compressor.
C.It collects solar energy to remove rubbish.
D.It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles...then push it toward the shore.”可知,该系统会生成气泡屏障以阻挡漂浮的垃圾,故选D项。]
3.What is the 5th paragraph mainly about
A.Advantages of the system.
B.The way of testing the system.
C.The improvement on the system.
D.Challenges in the design process.
答案　B　[段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of...to form a full curtain.”和“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”可知,本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法,故选B项。]
4.What kind of person is Perry
A.Efficient and ambitious.
B.Helpful and hard-working.
C.Responsible and creative.
D.Professional and adventurous.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出,Perry是一个有社会责任感的孩子;根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles”可以看出,Perry对自己的系统很负责任;根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly”可知,Perry是一个有创新精神的人,故选C项。]
(2025·南通高三模拟)
The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down.Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight,or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger.Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer:contrary to current theories,insects are not attracted to light from far away,but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian,study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist,moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest.For hundreds of millions of years,this was the sky rather than the ground.The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level.But then came artificial lighting.Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps.This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly,the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab.The videos reveal that time and again,moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights,which appeared to greatly change their flight paths.If the light is above them,they might start orbiting it,but if it’s behind them,they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations.Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats.The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime,causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding.
There are,Fabian believes,helpful lessons from the research.“What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters.Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world,and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究,研究发现昆虫因其进化出的本能会被夜间的光照困住,启示我们改善人造光源以保护昆虫。
5.What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Popularized widely.
B.Discussed openly.
C.Defined accurately.
D.Explored academically.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“Popular theories...a more convincing answer”可知,对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案,故可推知画线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围,这一科学问题至今仍未得到明确解释”,推测画线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”,与Defined accurately意义相近,故选C项。]
6.Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because 　　　　.
A.they can’t keep their balance.
B.they use improper flight attitude.
C.they lose track of which way is up.
D.they are attracted to lights from far away.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moths found...by their evolution.”可知,飞蛾会将背部向着路灯倾斜,这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转,因此是不正确的飞行姿态导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转,故选B项。]
7.What is the significance of the research finding
A.It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B.Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C.Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D.It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,这项研究的意义是告诉我们改变人造光的方向可以使昆虫不被困住,从而更好地保护昆虫,故选A项。]
8.What is the text mainly about
A.Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B.Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C.How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D.How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
答案　B　[文章大意题。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究,研究发现昆虫被进化的本能困住,会无休止地围绕人造光源旋转,这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向,更好地保护昆虫,所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫 ”符合题意,故选B项。]
(2025·济宁高三模拟)
In 2022,the Nature Conservancy launched two 5-year pilot projects at working ranches (牧场) in Kansas and New Mexico to determine if virtual fences enable land managers to better perform regenerative management practices and to assess potential benefits for biodiversity and for ranchers’ bottom lines,as well as impacts on soil carbon storage.
Applauded by the U.S.Department of Agriculture as a climate adaption strategy,virtual fencing is an innovative technology that enables ranchers to use a smartphone or web app to remotely monitor and control where and when cattle graze (吃草).Virtual fences can reduce the need for physical fences,which require significant time,expense and labor to maintain.Physical fences also limit land managers in their ability to change grazing boundaries to adapt to seasonal changes in vegetation or to exclude cattle from ecologically sensitive areas.
The cows are outfitted with battery-operated,GPS-enabled collars that send out a radio frequency to communicate with reception towers,creating virtual grazing boundaries set by a rancher.When a cow approaches the edge of the virtual boundary,the collar produces a sound signaling it to turn around.If the cow proceeds to cross the boundary,it receives a momentary mild shock,signaling that it’s gone too far and should rejoin its group.
Grasslands are the least protected habitat on earth and one of the most effective carbon sinks,storing up to 20% of the world’s soil organic carbon.Unfortunately,grasslands are continuing to rapidly disappear for several reasons.For ecological health,most grassland ecosystems need periods of disturbance to aerate (使透气) the soil,stimulate plant growth and recycle nutrients into the soil.Ranchers complete this disturbance-rest cycle by managing the timing,location,herd size and intensity of grazing activities,all of which can be time-consuming and painstaking.
“Currently,the costs of virtual fencing are still high,but in the long run it can help land managers better carry out management practices that regenerate land health,help address climate change and biodiversity loss,” said William Burnidge,director of the Nature Conservancy.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在2022年,美国大自然保护协会在堪萨斯州和新墨西哥州中处于运营状态的牧场推出的两个为期5年的虚拟围栏试点项目,说明了虚拟牧场的工作原理以及其对牧场和管理的好处,并展望了该项目的前景。
9.What’s stressed concerning virtual fencing in paragraph 2
A.Its smart design.
B.Its major advantages.
C.Its wide application.
D.Its working principles.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Applauded by...expense and labor to maintain.”可知,这一段主要说的是虚拟围栏对适应气候和管理都有好处,即介绍了其优势,故选B项。]
10.What does the mild shock indicate to the cow
A.It’s time to return.
B.It’s time to graze.
C.It’s in danger.
D.It’s in a wrong direction.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the cow proceeds...should rejoin its group.”可知,牛收到轻微电击的时候,就表明它应该回到牛群,故选A项。]
11.What’s unavoidable for ranchers to complete the disturbance-rest cycle
A.Intense efforts.
B.Polluted soil.
C.Financial failure.
D.Ecological imbalance.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For ecological health...be time-consuming and painstaking.”可知要完成这个周期十分耗时耗力,即需要付出巨大努力,故选A 项。]
12.What’s Mr.Burnidge’s attitude to virtual fencing
A.Intolerant. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Conservative.
答案　B　[观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的“Currently,the costs of virtual fencing...help address climate change and biodiversity loss”可知,作者既提到了虚拟牧场的优点,还提到了它费用高昂的缺点,所以作者对该项目的态度是客观的,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·济南历城二中高三模拟)
Breakthroughs from science and technology have completely changed much of human life.　1　 The following are some examples of traditional methods,old ideas,and ancient techniques that are helping to solve problems in the 21st century.
Yacouba Sawadogo,a farmer from Burkina Faso,West Africa,has led the transformation of poor,dry land into productive agricultural land.　2　 Pits (坑) are dug in the ground,allowing water to gather in one place.Since popularizing the use of pits,Sawadogo has helped increase food production in Burkina Faso.
　3　 Here deep holes are dug in places where crops are grown,enabling water to be directed precisely to places where it is needed.And the holes are covered with soil,straw and other materials to keep in as much moisture (水分) as possible.
And in Thailand,some farmers have avoided modern,chemical-based methods for pest control and are instead adopting the ancient method using ducks known locally as “ped lai thoong”,meaning “field chasing (追赶) ducks”.　4　
As for forest problems,periodic fires can be a solution.The reason is that they can clear out dead organic material,expose the forest floor to sunlight,and nourish the soil.　5　 Researchers have found that ancient inhabitants of the Amazon region had been using fire to clear the rainforest in a carefully controlled way to limit the risk of large outbreaks.
A.But this practice is nothing new.
B.Ancient techniques are proving more effective,though.
C.This ground-based technique is a great help to precise farming.
D.He has done it thanks to an ancient way of trapping water in the soil.
E.Digging holes forms an important part of agriculture in Zimbabwe,too.
F.These birds are left to wander freely among fields to eat harmful insects.
G.But sometimes,tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time can still be of use.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几种能帮助解决现代问题的传统方法。
1.G　[空前提到科学技术的突破彻底改变了人类生活的许多方面。空后提到以下是一些用传统方法、旧思想和古老技术解决21世纪问题的例子。由此可知,空处应与空前内容形成转折,并引出传统方法。故G项“但有时候,经受住了时间考验的可靠的想法仍然有用”符合语境。G项中的“tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time”与空后的“traditional methods,old ideas,and ancient techniques”相呼应。]
2.D　[空前提到来自西非布基纳法索的农民Yacouba Sawadogo将贫瘠、干燥的土地转变为多产的农业用地。空后提到在地里挖坑,让水聚集在一个地方。自从推广坑的使用以来,Sawadogo帮助提高了布基纳法索的粮食产量。由此可知,空处应提及Yacouba Sawadogo是如何做的,即他采用了什么样的方法。D项“他能做到这一点要归功于一种将水留存在土壤中的古老方法”承上启下,符合语境。其中,D项中的“He”指代上文中的“Yacouba Sawadogo”,“an ancient way of trapping water in the soil”与下文中的“Pits (坑) are dug in the ground,allowing water to gather in one place.”相呼应。]
3.E　[空处为段落主旨句。空后提到在这里,人们在种植作物的地方挖深洞,使水能够精确地流向需要的地方。这些洞被土壤、稻草和其他材料覆盖,以保持尽可能多的水分。由此可知,本段提及的传统方法应与“deep holes”有关,且空处应点明“Here”所指的地方。E项“挖洞也是津巴布韦农业的重要组成部分”能够概括段落的主要内容,符合语境。]
4.F　[空前提到在泰国,一些农民避免使用现代的化学方法来控制害虫,而是使用一种在当地被称为“ped lai thoong”的古老方法。由此可知,空处应是对这种方法的具体介绍。F项“这些鸭子被放在田野里自由地游荡,吃掉害虫”说明了该方法的具体做法和目的,符合语境。F项中的“These birds”指代上文中的“ducks”。]
5.A　[空前提到至于森林问题,定期放火可能是一个解决方案。原因是火可以清除死亡的有机物质,使森林地表暴露在阳光下,并滋养土壤。空后提到研究人员发现,亚马孙地区的古代居民一直在小心谨慎地用火清理雨林,以限制大火爆发的风险。由此可知,空处内容应是在说这种做法并不新鲜,以前就有。A项“但这种做法并不新鲜”与上文形成转折,且与空后内容呼应,符合语境。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:industrial adj.工业的,产业的;Para.2:first-hand adv.第一手得来地,直接地;remove v.移开,拿开,去掉;Para.4:direct v.指引,指向,引导;使……转向;stretch v.拉长,拽宽,撑大,抻松;拉紧,拉直
B Para.1:insect n.昆虫;navigate v.导航;Para.2:evolve v.进化;Para.3:circle n.圈; Para.4:decline n.减少;Para.5:factor n.因素
C Para.1:launch v.启动;Para.2:applaud v.赞扬;strategy n.策略;Para.3:boundary n.边界; Para.4:habitat n.栖息地;carbon n.碳;ecosystem n.生态系统;Para.5:practice n.做法
熟词生义 B Para.1:current　熟义:n.电流;生义:adj.现在的,最近的
C Para.4:sink　熟义:v.沉入;生义:n.储存库
词 块 积 累 A Para.3:put forward提出(计划、建议、意见等)
B Para.1:gather around聚集;Para.3:end up最终;Para.4:light pollution光污染; Para.5:helpful lessons有帮助的教训
C Para.1:enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事;as well as以及;Para.2:adapt to适应; Para.3:send out发出;communicate with与……沟通;turn around转变
长 难 句 式 B Para.2:According to Dr Sam Fabian,study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist,moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt their backs to wherever is brightest. [分析]　这是一个复合句。study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist是Dr Sam Fabian的同位语;关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰先行词moths and many other insects;连接副词wherever引导从句,作介词to的宾语。 [译文]　根据研究合著者、伦敦帝国学院昆虫学家Sam Fabian博士的说法,夜间飞行的蛾子和许多其他昆虫已经进化到会将它们的背部向最亮的地方倾斜。
C Para.5:Currently,the costs of virtual fencing are still high,but in the long run it can help land managers better carry out management practices that regenerate land health,help address climate change and biodiversity loss. [分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。在第二个分句中含有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句。 [译文]　目前,虚拟围栏的成本仍然很高,但从长远来看,它可以帮助土地管理者更好地实施恢复土地健康、应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失的管理措施。(共169张PPT)
UNIT 2　WILDLIFE PROTECTION
必修第二册
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
读写素养培优
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.poster n.　　　 海报
2.species n. 物种
3.shark n. 鲨鱼
4.fin n. (鱼的)鳍
5.habitat n. (动植物的)生活环境；栖息地
6.prince n. 王子；王孙；亲王
7.authority n. 官方；当权；权威
8.whale n. 鲸
9.antelope n. 羚；羚类动物
10.herd n. 牧群；兽群
11.fur n. 毛(皮)；毛皮衣服
12.sacred adj. 神圣的；受尊敬的
13.kangaroo n. 袋鼠
n. 网
adj. 净得的；纯的
15.binoculars n. 双筒望远镜
16.dolphin n. 海豚
17.koala n. 树袋熊；考拉
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.mass participation　　　 广泛参与
2.average speed 平均速度
3.living expenses 生活费用
4.safety measures 安全措施
5.academic pressure 学业压力
6.reserve a seat 预订座位
7.plain clothes 朴素的衣服
8.remind me of my mother 让我想起我的母亲
9.a deer park 鹿苑
10.shoot the arrow 射箭
11.profit sharing 利润分配
12.cyber attack 网络攻击
13.remove obstacles 清除障碍
14.damaged goods 损坏的商品
15.sea creatures 海洋生物
16.due to carelessness 由于粗心
17.insect collection 昆虫收集
18.neighbourhood friends 邻居朋友
19.stir interest 激发兴趣
20.dry skin 干燥的皮肤
21.unusual weather 异常的天气
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.illegal adj.　　　 不合法的；非法的
illegally adv. 不合法地；非法地
legal adj. 合法的；法律的
2.hunt vt.& vi. 打猎；搜寻；追捕
hunter n. 猎人；搜寻者
3.immediately adv. 立刻
immediate adj. 直接的；立即的
4.alarm vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心n. 恐慌；警报；警报器
alarming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的
alarmed adj. 担心；害怕
5.rate n. 速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级
rating n. 等级；级别
6.extinct adj. 已灭绝的
extinction n. 灭绝
7.aware adj. 知道；发觉；有……意识的
awareness n. 意识；认识
8.endanger vt. 使遭受危险；危害
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 危险的
endangered adj. 濒危的
9.concern vt. 涉及；让……担忧 n.担心，忧虑
concerned adj. 担心的；关切的；感兴趣的
concerning prep. 关于；涉及
10.adapt vi. 适应 vt.使适应；使适合
adaptation n. 适应；改编本；改写本
adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；能适应的
11.observe vt. 观察(到)；注视；遵守
observation n. 观察
12.beauty n. 美；美人；美好的东西
beautiful adj. 美丽的；美好的
beautify vt. 美化
13.effective adj. 有效的；生效的
effect n. 效果；影响
14.recover vi. 恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回
recovery n. 恢复
15.intend vi.& vt. 打算；计划；想要
intention n. 用意；目的；意图
16.threat n. 威胁
threaten vt. 威胁；危及
17.exist vi. 存在；生存
existence n. 存在；生存
existing adj. 现存的；现行的
18.harmony n. 和谐；融洽
harmonious adj. 和谐的
19.reduce vt. 减少
reduction n. 缩减；减少
20.emotion n. 感情；情感；情绪
emotional adj. 情感的；情绪的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.die out　　　　　 灭亡；逐渐消失
2.make progress 取得进步
3.adapt to 适应
4.make out 看清；听清；分清
5.remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起(类似的人或物)
6.watch over 保护；照管；监督
7.search for 搜索；查找
8.stir up 激起
9.aware of 意识到；知道
10.concerned about 对……关切的；为……担忧的
11.day and night 日日夜夜；夜以继日
12.due to 由于；因为
13.under pressure 在压力下；承受压力
14.on average 平均
15.on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Elephants need large living spaces，so it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes.(It＋be＋adj.＋for sb＋to do sth)
大象需要广阔的生活空间，因此对它们来说适应这些变化很难。
2.This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.(This is why...)
这就是我们来到此地的原因——观察藏羚羊。
3.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
(“only＋状语”置于句首，主句用部分倒装)
只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
4.When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally.(When it comes to)
当涉及野生动物保护时，所有物种——好的、坏的和丑的——都应该得到平等的对待。
5.To our left，snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch.(环境描写)
在我们的左方，白雪皑皑的群山消失在似乎触手可及的云层中。
构词法日积月累
前缀re-有两重含义:“重,又,再”和“回,返回”。
re-(重,又)+mind (思想)→使重新出现在脑海里→remind提醒;使想起
re-(回,返回)+move (移动)→往回移动→remove去除;移开
单 元 默 写 检 测
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.advertising poster　　 广告____________
2.endangered species 濒危____________
3.great white shark 大白____________
4.habitat destruction ____________破坏
5.fairy tale prince 童话____________
海报
物种
鲨
栖息地
王子
6.blue whale 蓝____________
7.African antelope 非洲____________
8.cattle herd 牛____________
9.animal fur 动物____________
10.fish fin 鱼____________
11.fishing net 渔____________
鲸
羚羊
群
毛皮
鳍
网
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.____________ adj.大量的；广泛的 n.大量；堆；群
2.____________ n.平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
3.____________ adj.居住的；活的；在用的 n.生活；生计
4.____________ n.措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量
5.____________ n.压力；要求
6.____________ n.(动植物)保护区；储藏(量) vt.预订；预留；保留
mass
average
living
measure
pressure
reserve
7.____________ vt.提醒；使想起
8.____________ vt.& vi.(shot，shot)射杀；射伤；发射
9.____________ n.，vi.& vt.攻击；抨击
10.____________ vt.去除；移开；脱去
11.____________ n.皮；皮肤
12.____________ adj.特别的；不寻常的
remind
shoot
attack
remove
skin
unusual
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.____________ adj.合法的；法律的→________ adj.不合法的；非法的→____________ adv.不合法地；非法地
2.____________ adj.直接的；立即的→_____________ adv.立刻
3.____________ vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n.恐慌；警报；警报器→____________ adj.担心；害怕→____________ adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的
legal
illegal
illegally
immediate
immediately
alarm
alarmed
alarming
4.____________ n.危险→____________ adj.危险的→____________ vt.使遭受危险；危害→____________ adj.濒危的
5.____________ vt.涉及；让……担忧 n.担心，忧虑→____________ adj.担心的；关切的；感兴趣的→____________ prep.关于；涉及
6.____________ vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合→____________ n.适应；改编本；改写本→____________ adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
7.____________ vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守→____________ n.观察
danger
dangerous
endanger
endangered
concern
concerned
concerning
adapt
adaptation
adaptable
observe
observation
8.____________ n.美；美人；美好的东西→____________ adj.美丽的；美好的→______________ vt.美化
9.____________ n.效果；影响→______________ adj.有效的；生效的
10.___________ vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回→___________ n.恢复
11.____________ n.威胁→__________ vt.威胁；危及
12.____________ vi.存在；生存→____________ n.存在；生存→__________ adj.现存的；现行的
13.____________ n.和谐；融洽→____________ adj.和谐的
beauty
beautiful
beautify
effect
effective
recover
recovery
threat
threaten
exist
existence
existing
harmony
harmonious
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.________________适应
2.________________灭亡；逐渐消失
3.________________取得进步
4.___________________使某人想起(类似的人或物)
5.________________保护；照管；监督
adapt to
die out
make progress
remind sb of sb/sth
watch over
6.search for　　　　 ________________
7.on average ________________
8.aware of ________________
9.concerned about ____________________________
10.make out ________________
搜索;查找
平均
意识到;知道
对……关切的;为……担忧的
看清;听清;分清
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式：This is why...
I want you to participate in our friendly match with the volleyball team of Guangming Middle School next Monday，and ________________________________________.(邀请信)
我想请你参加下周一我们与光明中学排球队进行的友谊赛，这是我给你写信的原因。
this is why I’m writing to you
2.句型公式：When it comes to...
________________________________________________________，
the students hold different points of view.(观点态度)
当谈到如何保护中国传统文化时，学生们持有不同的观点。
3.句型公式：“only＋状语”置于句首，主句用部分倒装
Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners ________________________________________.(建议信)
只有当你了解一些中国的餐桌礼仪时，你才能表现得体。
When it comes to how to protect traditional Chinese culture
can you behave properly
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.During times of ____________ (大量的；大规模的) unemployment，there’s a pool of cheap labour for employers to draw from.
2.It is well－known that Changbaishan is not only a famous tourist attraction but also China’s largest nature ____________ (保护区).
3.The economic downturn has seen people struggle with the basic costs of day－to－day ____________ (生计).
mass
reserve
living
4.If you are exposed to the sunlight for too long，your s____________ will get badly hurt.
5.Alarmed at the air quality，the government decided to take some m____________ to prevent it from getting worse.
6.I am planning to learn kung fu so that I can defend myself against being a____________.
kin
easures
ttacked
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The number of reported crimes is increasing at an ____________ (alarm) rate.
2.He called on the United States to play a more ____________ (effect) role in bringing peace to the region.
3.The doctor says he is recovering faster than expected and that sunshine，fresh air and proper rest will do good to his ____________ (recover).
alarming
effective
recovery
4.Our parents are ____________ about our study and health.As far as I’m _____________，we should talk with them and tell them our ____________.(concern)
5.Wildlife has been greatly ____________ (threaten) in the modern age.There are species disappearing every day.
6.Do you believe in the ____________ (exist) of unknown creatures？Anyway，who knows.
concerned
concerned
concerns
threatened
existence
Ⅲ.短语填空
make progress；watch over；on average；search for
1.The guards were originally hired to ____________ the houses as they were being built.
2.Just by clicking the buttons，we can work，study，chat online，play games，watch movies，____________ information and so on.
watch over
search for
3.As the saying goes，“Modesty helps one ________________ while conceit makes one lag behind.”
4.He is sort of addicted to running and runs ________________ about 15 miles a day.
make progress
on average
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yesterday I saw a poster about illegal hunting，1.____________ immediately stirred up strong emotions in me.Many species are dying out 2.____________ an alarming rate due to human activities.About three species become extinct every hour on average.3.____________ (make) more profits，some people shoot masses of whales，sharks
which
at
To make
and deer for their meat，fur or skin.Kangaroos，koalas and dolphins are reduced to 4.____________ (danger) species because their habitats are threatened.However，the authorities are aware of 5.___________ should on earth be done and unusual and effective measures are being taken to preserve wildlife.Volunteers set up nature reserves on the plain，and watch over them day and night to keep them from 6._______________ (attack).Gradually，they make progress and the antelope population 7._________________ (recover).Some species are
endangered
what
being attacked
has recovered
removed from the endangered species list.Only when we learn to exist in 8.____________ (harmonious) with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.All living creatures including insects in your neighborhoods have equal rights to live.We should search for 9.____________ (approach) to protecting them and observe their beauty instead of just being concerned about the problem.We human beings should always remind 10.____________ (we) that the solution exists in our action.
harmony
approaches
ourselves
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3写作迁移
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的(awareness n.意识；认识)
佳句背诵　
Aware of all the people staring at me，I was so nervous that I was sweating all over. (心理描写)
意识到所有人都盯着我让我非常紧张，以至于浑身直冒汗。
be/become aware of sth/that... 知道，明白……；意识到……
arouse/improve/strengthen one’s awareness of...
唤起/提高/增强某人……的意识
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①World Oceans Day，falling on June 8th，is aimed at raising ____________ (aware) of ocean conservation.
②I appeal to the government to launch more environment-friendly campaigns to _______________________________________________.
(倡议书)
我呼吁政府发起更多的环保运动以唤起人们过低碳生活的意识。
awareness
arouse people’s awareness of living a low-carbon life
教考衔接　单句写作
③This activity aims to ________________________ food conservation and inspire actions towards reducing food waste.
(通知；2024·1月九省联考)
这项活动旨在提高人们对节约食物的意识，并激励人们采取行动减少食物浪费。
improve awareness of
2.average n.平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的 v.计算出……的平均数
佳句背诵　
He works hard and his grade is above the average in his class.
(人物介绍)
他学习刻苦，他的成绩在班里高于平均水平。
an average of　　　　　 平均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average 平均起来
above/below average 平均水平以上/以下
up to average 达到一般水准
average out 算出平均数
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①______________ the average，each student in our class spends about two hours on homework every night.
②All students have two PE classes a week and run for _________________________________________________________.
所有学生每周上两节体育课，平均每天跑20分钟。
On
an average of 20 minutes every day
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③When enough of these errors ______________ (average) together，they cancel each other out，resulting in a more accurate estimate.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
are averaged
3.concern vt.涉及；让……担忧；与……有关 n.担心；忧虑；关心；(利害)关系(concerned adj.担心的；关切的；感兴趣的 concerning prep.关于；涉及)
佳句背诵　
When Jamie noticed that his classmate looked sad during lunch，he showed concern for her by asking if everything was okay.
在午餐时杰米注意到他的同学看起来很难过，便关心地问她是否一切都好。
as far as...be concerned　 就……而言
be concerned about/for 对……担心/关心
be concerned with 与……有关
show/express concern for/about 对……表示关心
以练促学　单句语法填空/词汇升级
①The authorities ____________ are deeply ____________ about the issue __________ education reform.(concern)
②The meeting was concerned __________ reforms and everyone present was concerned ____________ their own interests.
③In my opinion，we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match._______________________
concerned
concerned
concerning
with
for/about
As far as I’m concerned
教考衔接　单句写作
④His smile gave way to ______________________.An embarrassing silence fell between us.(神态描写；2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
他的笑容被担心的表情取代。我们之间陷入了一阵尴尬的沉默。
[点津]　concerned作前置定语时，意为“关心的；担忧的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的；相关的”。
a look of concern
4.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合；改编；改写(adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的 adaptation n.改编本；改写本；适应)
佳句背诵　
The famous novel was adapted for the stage，bringing the characters to life in a vivid performance.(文学评论)这部著名小说被改编为舞台剧，以生动的表演将角色栩栩如生地呈现出来。
adapt (oneself) to　　 使……适应于
adapt sth from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is a TV ____________ (adapt) of the Chinese literary classic，Dream of the Red Chamber，which is performed by a group of children aged 6 to 12.
②I do hope that ____________________________________________
_______________________________ and lead a happy life.(表达祝愿)
我真的希望你能尽快适应新学校，过上愉快的生活。
adaptation
you can adapt (yourself) to the new school
as soon as possible
教考衔接　单句语法填空/单句写作
③Variety in diet and toys，travel，and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and ____________ (adapt) to change.(2024·1月九省联考)
④I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play __________________________________________.(求助信；全国Ⅲ卷)
我写信请求您就我们的英语短剧给予我们帮助，该短剧改编自我们的英语课文。
adaptable
(that/which is) adapted from our English text
片段巩固　用aware；average；concern；adapt完成活动介绍的片段
活动介绍之写作提示：老师和家长意识到，每个学生每天平均花大约四小时在电子设备上，他们对此感到担忧→学校推出“无屏星期五”，鼓励学生参加户外活动→学生适应了这个新常规
Aware of,on average,each student spent about four hours on electronic devices,the teachers and parents showed concern about it.The school decided to introduce “Screen-Free Fridays”,encouraging students to engage in outdoor activities instead.Over time,students adapted to this new routine and found it beneficial,enjoying more face-to-face interactions and physical exercise.
5.measure vt.测量；度量；估量；(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为…… n.措施；方法
佳句背诵　
In my opinion，success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.(主旨升华)
在我看来，衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解人生真正的意义。
measure...by... 用……来度量……
make...to sb’s measure 给某人量身定做……
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The room __________________ (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in.
②Holding the skirt ________________________，I threw myself into my mother’s arms，tears of happiness welling up in my eyes.
(动作＋情绪描写)
拿着为我量身定做的裙子,我扑进妈妈的怀里,眼中涌出幸福的泪水。
measuring
made to my measure
教考衔接　单句写作
③China ________________________________________ to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.(2024·北京卷)
中国还积极采取措施，保护环境，促进可持续发展。
[点津]　
①measure用作“措施”时，常用其复数形式。
②measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。
has also taken active measures
6.remind vt.提醒；使想起
佳句背诵　
The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China，which always reminds us of the family reunion.(节日介绍)
春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，它总是让我们想到家庭的团聚。
remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起(类似的)人或物
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
以练促学　一句多译
①这张海报提醒我们必须立即采取措施保护濒临灭绝的生物。
→The poster ________________________________________________
to protect endangered creatures.(remind sb that...)
→The poster ________________________________________________
to protect endangered creatures.(remind sb to do sth)
reminds us that we must take immediate measures
reminds us to take immediate measures
教考衔接　单句写作
②______________________________________________ of observing and capturing moments of beauty in our surroundings.
(活动介绍；2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这让我想起了在我们周围观察和捕捉美好时刻的重要性。
[点津]　“v.＋sb＋of sth”短语还有：
cure sb of sth　　 治好某人(的某种病)
accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
It reminded me of the importance
7.intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要(intention n.用意；目的；意图)
佳句背诵　
Mrs.Thompson intends her son to apply to several universities overseas to broaden his academic and cultural horizons.(人物描写)
汤普森太太打算让她的儿子申请几所海外大学，以拓宽他的学术视野和文化视野。
intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事，计划做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth (＝intended to have done sth)
本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
be intended for 专门为……准备/打算；专为……而设计
be intended to do sth 打算做某事
with the intention of 目的是……
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①My parents ____________ (intend) to buy a new truck but couldn’t afford it.
②The grammar book which ____________ (intend) for English beginners is extremely popular.
had intended
is intended
③我们学校组织了一场五公里的越野跑比赛，目的是增强我们的体力和脑力。
→Our school organized a five-kilometer cross-country running race ___________________________________________________________.
(intention)
→Our school organized a five-kilometer cross-country running race，__________________________________________________________.
(定语从句)
with the intention of improving our physical and mental strength
which was intended to improve our physical and mental strength
教考衔接　单句语法填空/单句写作
④Well ____________ (intend) though it was，I do think there exists some inappropriateness，which I feel obliged to point out.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
⑤I am writing to express my concern about the upcoming spoken English program.As you said，_________________________________ us randomly matched in pairs.(建议信；2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我写信是想表达对即将进行的口语项目的担忧。正如您所说，您打算让我们随机配对。
intended
you intend having/to have
8.exist vi.存在；生存(existence n.存在；生存 existing adj.现行的；现存的)
佳句背诵　
There exist ups and downs in our life，but whatever happens，we can always exist on love and hope.(主旨升华)
我们的生活有起有落，但无论发生什么，我们都可以依靠爱和希望生活。
exist in＝lie in/consist in 存在于……
exist on＝live on　 靠……生存/存活
There exist(s)... 某地有……；存在……
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The garden came into ____________ (exist) through the efforts of local residents，who aimed to provide a green space for urban farming.
②_________________________________________，the team remains optimistic about their project’s success.(心理描写)
尽管现存诸多挑战，团队对其项目的成功仍旧乐观。
existence
Despite the existing challenges
教考衔接　单句写作
③Throughout the event，I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that ________________________ and learned about plants that are used for medical purposes，as well as those that provide food and shelter for animals.(活动介绍；2023·浙江1月卷)
在这次活动中，我为世界上存在的植物种类的多样性所震撼，还认识到了一些用于医疗目的的植物，以及为动物提供食物和庇护场所的植物。
exist in our world
片段巩固　用measure;remind;intend;intention;exist写一段日记
日记之写作提示：布朗先生让我们测量不同植物的高度→活动旨在提醒我们自然界中存在着多种多样的植物物种→提醒我们要在笔记本上准确地记录测量结果→课程结束时，我们对植物的生长方式和收集准确数据的重要性有了更好的理解→布朗先生的意图是启发我们欣赏自然世界和研究自然的科学方法
During our science class,Mr.Brown asked us to measure the height of different plants.This activity was intended to remind us of how diverse plant species exist in nature.He also reminded us to record the measurements accurately in our notebooks.By the end of the lesson,we had a better understanding of how plants grow and the importance of precise data collection.Mr.Brown’s intention was to inspire us to appreciate the natural world and the scientific methods used to study it.
1.remove /r mu v/ vt.去除;移开;脱去;拿走;免职(生义)
①If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.
(2023·全国甲卷)____________
②He removed his jacket when he arrived home.____________
③He was severely criticized and removed from his post.
____________
vt.拿走
vt.脱去
vt.免职
2.due /dju / adj.由于;因为;应付的;预期的(生义);到期的(生义)
①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.____________
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.
____________
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.____________
④I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm，my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)_____________
adj.应付的
adj.预期的
adj.到期的
adj.由于;因为
3.rate /re t/ n.速度;(比)率;价格;费用 vt.划分等级;评估;评价(生义)
①She could feel her heart beating at a fast rate as she approached the stage.____________
②We offer special reduced rates for students.____________
③The film was rated as excellent by 90 per cent of children.
____________
n.速度
n.价格;费用
vt.评估;评价
4.alarm/ lɑ m/ vt.使惊恐;使害怕;使担心(生义) n.恐慌;警报;警报器
①When the alarm went off，everyone in the house woke up immediately.The unexpected storm alarmed the residents，making them feel uneasy._________________________
②I don’t want to alarm you，so I come here early.____________
③The school has a fire alarm system that ensures everyone’s safety during emergencies.____________
n.警报器 vt.使惊恐;使害怕
vt.使担心
n.警报
5.beauty / bju ti/ n.美;美人(生义);美好的东西(生义)
①The beauty of the sunset amazed everyone on the beach.
____________
②She is known as the beauty of our school because of her kind heart and lovely appearance.____________
③The new park is a real beauty，with its colorful flowers and green trees，making it a perfect place to relax and enjoy nature.
______________
n.美
n.美人
n.美好的东西
6.mass /m s/ adj.大量的;广泛的 n.大量;堆(生义);群(生义)
①There was a mass of students gathering in the schoolyard for the morning assembly.The mass participation in the event showed how much everyone cared._________________
②The teacher noticed a mass of books piled up in the corner of the classroom.____________
③In the wide，open field，a mass of sheep grazed peacefully，their white wool contrasting with the green grass.____________
n.大量 adj.广泛的
n.堆
n.群
7.observe / b z v/ vt.观察(到);注视;遵守(生义);庆祝(生义)
①The students were asked to observe the behavior of insects in their natural habitat.____________
②Mary observed her friend’s performance on stage，admiring her confidence.____________
③At school，everyone is expected to observe the rules to maintain a respectful and safe environment.____________
④She felt excited to observe her birthday with all her friends.
____________
vt.观察
vt.注视
vt.遵守
vt.庆祝
句型公式：“only＋状语”置于句首的部分倒装
课本原句：Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
佳句背诵　
In the process，only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions will you get the hang of the language and its essence.(建议信)
在这个过程中，只有融入中国的环境，你才能掌握语言的窍门和精髓。
在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only＋状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构，即“Only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋其他”。
以练促学　单句写作
①________________________________________________________
truly experience Chinese food culture.(建议信)
你只有来到中国，才能真正体验中国的饮食文化。
②________________________________ that it was with bravery and determination that we can conquer all the difficulties.(主旨升华)
直到那时，我才发现，正是凭借勇敢和决心我们才能克服一切困难。
Only when/if you come to China can you
Only then did I find
教考衔接　单句写作
③From then on，I would try my best to help others like Gunter.
__________________________________________________________
in the future.(主旨升华；2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
从那时起，我会尽我最大的努力去帮助别人，就像冈特一样。只有这样，将来才能有越来越多的人互相帮助。
[点津]　当only修饰状语不位于句首，或位于句首的only修饰的不是状语而是主语时，句子不倒装。
Only in this way could more and more people help each other
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　单元知识运用
1.Only then ____________ (do) I realize the importance of adapting ____________ (I) to new environments.
2.He _______________ (concern) about his friend’s health，thinking about it constantly.
3.We must take immediate and effective measures ____________ (conserve) water in our daily lives.
did
myself
was concerned
to conserve
4.He reminded his sister ____________ (bring) her umbrella because the weather forecast had predicted heavy rain throughout the day.
5.The teacher intends students ________________ (complete) their projects by Friday，and the scores will ______________ (average).
6.The new community center came into ____________ (exist) last year，providing many services to residents.
7.The traffic was unusually heavy this morning，and this is ____________ I was late for the important meeting.
to bring
to complete
be averaged
existence
why
8.She is fully aware ____________ the importance of regular exercise for maintaining good health.
9.When it comes ____________ cooking，she is an expert who can create delicious and nutritious meals at home.
of
to
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.______________________，many species ____________________，which is alarming for us.
由于污染，许多物种正在灭绝，这让我们担忧。
2.We must take effective measures to __________________________
and ___________________________.
我们必须立即采取行动保护濒危物种，防止它们灭绝。
Due to pollution
are dying out
protect endangered species
prevent their extinction
3.We should observe the rules to ______________________________ nature and ________________________ in sustainability.
我们应该遵守规则，与自然和谐相处，并在可持续发展方面取得进步。
4.After graduating，I will ___________________ and help my family ____________________________________.
毕业后，我会找工作，帮助家人度过经济困难。
live in harmony with
make progress
hunt a job
recover from financial difficulties
5.___________________________________________ after the meeting without saying a word
他到底为什么在会议结束后马上离开了，一句话都没说？
6.In the dark，he could barely ________________________________
________________________.
在黑暗中，他几乎看不清他正在寻找的人影。
Why on earth did he leave immediately
make out the figure he was
searching for
7.Pollution has reduced the river from clean to dirty，___________________________________________________.
污染使河流从清澈变得浑浊，引发当地村民的担忧。
8.Climate change ______________________________，and we must _________________________________ carefully.
气候变化威胁野生动物。我们必须仔细地保护它们的栖息地。
stirring up concerns of the local villages
threatens wildlife
watch over their habitats
维度三　单元话题写作(邀请信——参观野生动物保护摄影展)
假定你是某国际中学的学生李华，你市图书馆将于下周五举办一场野生动物保护摄影展(exhibition)。请你给美国交换生Nick写一封邮件，邀请他一同前去，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.介绍展览的具体信息：时间、地点和内容；3.期待回复。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.我写信邀请你下周五和我一起去参观我们市图书馆举行的野生动物保护摄影展。(wildlife protection)
I’m writing to invite you to join me for a wildlife protection photo exhibition at our city library next Friday.
2.为提高人们对野生动物保护重要性的认识，展览展出了各种濒危物种及其栖息地的精彩照片。
(intention；awareness；endangered；habitat)
With the intention of raising awareness about the importance of wildlife protection,the exhibition features wonderful photographs showing various endangered species and their habitats.
3.这将是一个很好的机会，让我们更多地了解野生动物保护，并鼓励其他人立即采取行动，创造一个更美好的世界，让我们人类和动物能够和谐共处。(It＋be＋adj.＋for sb＋to do...；measure；exist；harmony；定语从句)
It will be a great chance for us to learn more about wildlife protection and encourage others to take immediate measure for a better world where we humans and animals could exist in harmony.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
Dear Nick,
I’m writing to invite you to join me for a wildlife protection photo exhibition at our city library next Friday.
With the intention of raising awareness about the importance of wildlife protection,the exhibition features wonderful photographs showing various endangered species and their habitats.And importantly,it will be a great chance for us to learn more about wildlife protection and encourage others to take immediate measures for a better world where we humans and animals could exist in harmony.
Please inform me if you’re interested and available on Friday morning.Anticipating your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
读 写 素 养 培 优
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 living adj.居住的;活的;在用的n.生活;生计
marine adj.海洋的　surrounding adj.周围的
advocate v. 倡导
observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守
recognize v.认识 whale n.鲸
plain n.平原adj.简单明了的;直率的;平凡的
beauty n. 美;美人;美好的东西
creature n.生物 urgency n.紧迫性
词 块 a coastal village沿海村庄　concerned about对……关切的;为……担忧的
adapt to适应　take measures采取措施
under pressure在压力下;承受压力　make out看清;听清;分清
remind sb of sb/sth使某人想起(类似的)人或物
environmental changes环境变化
human activities人类活动　shrinking habitats益缩小的栖息地
declining food sources减少的食物来源
protect our marine friends保护我们的海洋朋友
organize beach clean-ups组织海滩清洁活动
sustainable fishing practices可持续的捕鱼方式
靓 句 1.Living in a coastal village,I am concerned about the marine life in our surrounding seas,especially the whales.
住在沿海村庄,我非常关心我们周围海域的海洋生物,特别是鲸鱼。
2.However,these whales are under pressure due to environmental changes and human activities.然而,这些鲸鱼因为环境变化和人类活动而承受压力。
3.We organize beach clean-ups and advocate for sustainable fishing practices to ensure the whales can thrive.
我们组织海滩清洁活动并倡导可持续的捕鱼方式,以确保鲸鱼能够生生不息。
4.I wish future generations can also witness the breathtaking sight that a whale is leaping out of the ocean’s surface.
我希望未来的世代也能一睹鲸鱼跃出海面的壮观景象。
2.场景片段训练(保护濒危动物鲸鱼)
Living in a coastal village，I ①____________________________
_______________________________________ (关心海洋生物) in our surrounding seas，especially the whales.Observing these creatures，I ②____________________________________________ (想到了生命的美丽与神圣).However，these whales are ③____________________ (承受压力) ④________________________________________________ (因为环境变化和人类活动).They must ⑤___________________ (适应)
am concerned about the marine life
am reminded of the beauty and sacredness of life
under pressure
due to environmental changes and human activities
adapt to
shrinking habitats and declining food sources，which is no plain task.Our community，recognizing the urgency，⑥_______________
________________________________________________ (已经采取措施来保护我们的海洋朋友了).We ⑦______________________ (组织海滩清洁活动) and advocate for sustainable fishing practices to ensure the whales can thrive.I wish future generations can also witness the breathtaking sight that a whale is leaping out of the ocean’s surface.
has taken measures to protect our marine friends
organize beach clean-ups
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act),an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act,all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding” Darling,a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934,better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。该计划启动于1934年,其收入用来保护美国数百万英亩沼泽湿地中的水禽,并要求所有年满16岁的水禽狩猎者必须购买美国鸭票。
28.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A.Loss of wetlands. B.Popularity of water sports.
C.Pollution of rivers. D.Arrival of other wild animals.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).”可知,湿地的流失是水禽数量不断减少的一大原因,故选A项。
√
29.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A.Acquire. B.Export.
C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知,探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时,北美洲有着多种多样的野生动物。由画线单词所在的句子“Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”可知,此处讲述的是不幸的事情,并与上文存在转折关系。故此处表达的是,这些探险者和定居者只用了几十年的时间就将大部分的资源摧毁。分析选项可知,decimate与destroy的含义相近,故选C项。
30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A.The stamp price has gone down.
B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting.
D.The government has collected money.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat...”可推知,1934年颁布的法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了保护野生动物的资金,故选D项。
√
31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B.The National Wildlife Refuge System
C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了美国联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。所以本文是围绕The Federal Duck Stamp 来展开文章的内容,故选A项。
√
思维建模
明确主旨大意题的干扰选项的特征
以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或文章内容的某一个方面
主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛,超出了文章实际所讨论的内容
断章取义 以次要的事实或细节代替全文的主要观点
无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖
以例示法(如31题)
选项B:虽然文章提到了联邦鸭票资金用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,并将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统,但这一部分内容只是全文的一部分。犯了“以偏概全”的错误。
选项C:文章确实讨论了保护水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地的重要性及其带来的好处,但主要通过联邦鸭票计划来实现这一目标。选项C侧重于保护水禽的益处,而忽略了邮票项目作为实现保护目标的具体措施。犯了“以偏概全”的错误。
选项D:文章开头提到了早期探险者和定居者对水禽的猎杀行为,但全文的重点在于如何通过立法和联邦鸭票计划来保护迁徙水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地。选项D过于侧重于狩猎的历史,而忽略了保护措施和项目的成功,犯了“断章取义”的错误。
本文主要围绕联邦鸭票展开,介绍了其起源、作用及其在保护迁徙水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地中的重要性。因此,选项A最能全面概括全文内容。
积阅读单词
Para.1：variety n.多样性；wildlife n.野生动物；resources n.资源；
Para.2：migratory adj.迁徙的；destruction n.破坏；wetlands n.湿地；
Para.3：conservation n.保护；purchase v.购买；generations n.世代
垒主题词块
Para.1：set foot upon 在……上踏足；take care of 照顾；
natural resources 自然资源；ever-increasing populations 不断增长的人口；
Para.2：stop the destruction 停止破坏；
Para.3：purchase wetlands 购买湿地
析长难语句
Para.3：About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句；主句为主谓状结构；不定式短语to purchase...作目的状语；在插入语a fact...中含有that引导的定语从句。
[尝试翻译]　
[语言赏析]　该句通过复杂而严谨的结构，有效地传达了联邦鸭票计划在资金使用、保护目标及其长期影响方面的关键信息。破折号的运用增强了表达的条理性和强调效果。
每一美元鸭票中约有98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金,用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,以纳入国家野生动物保护系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护,使其能为后代所用。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·郑州高三质量预测二)
Waterways are important for every country around the world. They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However,due to industrial activity,many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand.The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However,the river has become littered with plastic bags,bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So,with the help of her father,she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May,Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia,the US,and received a Judge’s Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website,her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡) Barrier in Amsterdam,which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there,a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool,Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,” she explained to Science News for Students,“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish,Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next,she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国15岁的高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下,设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。
1.What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system
A.Her father’s encouragement.
B.Her desire to protect a nearby river.
C.A visit to a science and engineering fair.
D.An invention of a Dutch high school student
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,the river has become littered with...clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.”可知,Perry为了清理河道里的垃圾,保护附近的河流,设计了一款垃圾收集系统,故选B项。
√
2.What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system
A.It was designed by Perry alone.
B.It makes power to run the air compressor.
C.It collects solar energy to remove rubbish.
D.It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles...then push it toward the shore.”可知,该系统会生成气泡屏障以阻挡漂浮的垃圾,故选D项。
√
3.What is the 5th paragraph mainly about
A.Advantages of the system.
B.The way of testing the system.
C.The improvement on the system.
D.Challenges in the design process.
解析　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of...to form a full curtain.”和“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”可知,本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法,故选B项。
√
4.What kind of person is Perry
A.Efficient and ambitious. B.Helpful and hard-working.
C.Responsible and creative. D.Professional and adventurous.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出,Perry是一个有社会责任感的孩子;根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles”可以看出,Perry对自己的系统很负责任;根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly”可知,Perry是一个有创新精神的人,故选C项。
√
(2025·南通高三模拟)
The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down.Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger.Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer:contrary to current theories,insects are not attracted to light from far away,but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian,study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist,moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest.For hundreds of millions of years,this was the sky rather than the ground.The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level.But then came artificial lighting.Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps.This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly,the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab.The videos reveal that time and again,moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights,which appeared to greatly change their flight paths.If the light is above them,they might start orbiting it,but if it’s behind them,they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations.Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats.The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime,causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding.
There are,Fabian believes,helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world,and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究,研究发现昆虫因其进化出的本能会被夜间的光照困住,启示我们改善人造光源以保护昆虫。
5.What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Popularized widely. B.Discussed openly.
C.Defined accurately. D.Explored academically.
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“Popular theories...a more convincing answer”可知,对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案,故可推知画线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围,这一科学问题至今仍未得到明确解释”,推测画线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”,与Defined accurately意义相近,故选C项。
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6.Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because 　　　　.
A.they can’t keep their balance.
B.they use improper flight attitude.
C.they lose track of which way is up.
D.they are attracted to lights from far away.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moths found...by their evolution.”可知,飞蛾会将背部向着路灯倾斜,这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转,因此是不正确的飞行姿态导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转,故选B项。
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7.What is the significance of the research finding
A.It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B.Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C.Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D.It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,这项研究的意义是告诉我们改变人造光的方向可以使昆虫不被困住,从而更好地保护昆虫,故选A项。
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8.What is the text mainly about
A.Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B.Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C.How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D.How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
解析　文章大意题。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究,研究发现昆虫被进化的本能困住,会无休止地围绕人造光源旋转,这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向,更好地保护昆虫,所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫 ”符合题意,故选B项。
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(2025·济宁高三模拟)
In 2022,the Nature Conservancy launched two 5-year pilot projects at working ranches (牧场) in Kansas and New Mexico to determine if virtual fences enable land managers to better perform regenerative management practices and to assess potential benefits for biodiversity and for ranchers’ bottom lines,as well as impacts on soil carbon storage.
Applauded by the U.S.Department of Agriculture as a climate adaption strategy,virtual fencing is an innovative technology that enables ranchers to use a smartphone or web app to remotely monitor and control where and when cattle graze (吃草).Virtual fences can reduce the need for physical fences,which require significant time, expense and labor to maintain.Physical fences also limit land managers in their ability to change grazing boundaries to adapt to seasonal changes in vegetation or to exclude cattle from ecologically sensitive areas.
The cows are outfitted with battery-operated,GPS-enabled collars that send out a radio frequency to communicate with reception towers,creating virtual grazing boundaries set by a rancher.When a cow approaches the edge of the virtual boundary,the collar produces a sound signaling it to turn around.If the cow proceeds to cross the boundary,it receives a momentary mild shock,signaling that it’s gone too far and should rejoin its group.
Grasslands are the least protected habitat on earth and one of the most effective carbon sinks,storing up to 20% of the world’s soil organic carbon.Unfortunately,grasslands are continuing to rapidly disappear for several reasons.For ecological health,most grassland ecosystems need periods of disturbance to aerate (使透气) the soil, stimulate plant growth and recycle nutrients into the soil.Ranchers complete this disturbance-rest cycle by managing the timing, location,herd size and intensity of grazing activities,all of which can be time-consuming and painstaking.
“Currently,the costs of virtual fencing are still high,but in the long run it can help land managers better carry out management practices that regenerate land health,help address climate change and biodiversity loss,” said William Burnidge,director of the Nature Conservancy.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在2022年,美国大自然保护协会在堪萨斯州和新墨西哥州中处于运营状态的牧场推出的两个为期5年的虚拟围栏试点项目,说明了虚拟牧场的工作原理以及其对牧场和管理的好处,并展望了该项目的前景。
9.What’s stressed concerning virtual fencing in paragraph 2
A.Its smart design. B.Its major advantages.
C.Its wide application. D.Its working principles.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Applauded by...expense and labor to maintain.”可知,这一段主要说的是虚拟围栏对适应气候和管理都有好处,即介绍了其优势,故选B项。
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10.What does the mild shock indicate to the cow
A.It’s time to return. B.It’s time to graze.
C.It’s in danger. D.It’s in a wrong direction.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the cow proceeds...should rejoin its group.”可知,牛收到轻微电击的时候,就表明它应该回到牛群,故选A项。
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11.What’s unavoidable for ranchers to complete the disturbance-rest cycle
A.Intense efforts. B.Polluted soil.
C.Financial failure. D.Ecological imbalance.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For ecological health...be time-consuming and painstaking.”可知要完成这个周期十分耗时耗力,即需要付出巨大努力,故选A 项。
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12.What’s Mr.Burnidge’s attitude to virtual fencing
A.Intolerant. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Conservative.
解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的“Currently,the costs of virtual fencing...help address climate change and biodiversity loss”可知,作者既提到了虚拟牧场的优点,还提到了它费用高昂的缺点,所以作者对该项目的态度是客观的,故选B项。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·济南历城二中高三模拟)
Breakthroughs from science and technology have completely changed much of human life.　1　 The following are some examples of traditional methods,old ideas,and ancient techniques that are helping to solve problems in the 21st century.
Yacouba Sawadogo,a farmer from Burkina Faso,West Africa,has led the transformation of poor,dry land into productive agricultural land.　2　 Pits (坑) are dug in the ground,allowing water to gather in one place.Since popularizing the use of pits,Sawadogo has helped increase food production in Burkina Faso.
　3　 Here deep holes are dug in places where crops are grown,enabling water to be directed precisely to places where it is needed.And the holes are covered with soil,straw and other materials to keep in as much moisture (水分) as possible.
And in Thailand,some farmers have avoided modern,chemical-based methods for pest control and are instead adopting the ancient method using ducks known locally as “ped lai thoong”,meaning “field chasing (追赶) ducks”.　4　
As for forest problems,periodic fires can be a solution.The reason is that they can clear out dead organic material,expose the forest floor to sunlight,and nourish the soil.　5　 Researchers have found that ancient inhabitants of the Amazon region had been using fire to clear the rainforest in a carefully controlled way to limit the risk of large outbreaks.
A.But this practice is nothing new.
B.Ancient techniques are proving more effective,though.
C.This ground-based technique is a great help to precise farming.
D.He has done it thanks to an ancient way of trapping water in the soil.
E.Digging holes forms an important part of agriculture in Zimbabwe, too.
F.These birds are left to wander freely among fields to eat harmful insects.
G.But sometimes,tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time can still be of use.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几种能帮助解决现代问题的传统方法。
1.G　［空前提到科学技术的突破彻底改变了人类生活的许多方面。空后提到以下是一些用传统方法、旧思想和古老技术解决21世纪问题的例子。由此可知,空处应与空前内容形成转折,并引出传统方法。故G项“但有时候,经受住了时间考验的可靠的想法仍然有用”符合语境。G项中的“tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time”与空后的“traditional methods,old ideas,and ancient techniques”相呼应。]
2.D　［空前提到来自西非布基纳法索的农民Yacouba Sawadogo将贫瘠、干燥的土地转变为多产的农业用地。空后提到在地里挖坑,让水聚集在一个地方。自从推广坑的使用以来,Sawadogo帮助提高了布基纳法索的粮食产量。由此可知,空处应提及Yacouba Sawadogo是如何做的,即他采用了什么样的方法。D项“他能做到这一点要归功于一种将水留存在土壤中的古老方法”承上启下,符合语境。其中,D项中的“He”指代上文中的“Yacouba Sawadogo”,“an ancient way of trapping water in the soil”与下文中的“Pits (坑) are dug in the ground,allowing water to gather in one place.”相呼应。]
3.E　［空处为段落主旨句。空后提到在这里,人们在种植作物的地方挖深洞,使水能够精确地流向需要的地方。这些洞被土壤、稻草和其他材料覆盖,以保持尽可能多的水分。由此可知,本段提及的传统方法应与“deep holes”有关,且空处应点明“Here”所指的地方。E项“挖洞也是津巴布韦农业的重要组成部分”能够概括段落的主要内容,符合语境。]
4.F　［空前提到在泰国,一些农民避免使用现代的化学方法来控制害虫,而是使用一种在当地被称为“ped lai thoong”的古老方法。由此可知,空处应是对这种方法的具体介绍。F项“这些鸭子被放在田野里自由地游荡,吃掉害虫”说明了该方法的具体做法和目的,符合语境。F项中的“These birds”指代上文中的“ducks”。]
5.A　［空前提到至于森林问题,定期放火可能是一个解决方案。原因是火可以清除死亡的有机物质,使森林地表暴露在阳光下,并滋养土壤。空后提到研究人员发现,亚马孙地区的古代居民一直在小心谨慎地用火清理雨林,以限制大火爆发的风险。由此可知,空处内容应是在说这种做法并不新鲜,以前就有。A项“但这种做法并不新鲜”与上文形成转折,且与空后内容呼应,符合语境。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:industrial adj.工业的,产业的;Para.2:first-hand adv.第一手得来地,直接地;remove v.移开,拿开,去掉;Para.4:direct v.指引,指向,引导;使……转向;stretch v.拉长,拽宽,撑大,抻松;拉紧,拉直
B Para.1:insect n.昆虫;navigate v.导航;Para.2:evolve v.进化;
Para.3:circle n.圈;Para.4:decline n.减少;Para.5:factor n.因素
C Para.1:launch v.启动;Para.2:applaud v.赞扬;strategy n.策略;Para.3:boundary n.边界;Para.4:habitat n.栖息地;carbon n.碳;ecosystem n.生态系统;Para.5:practice n.做法
熟词 生义 B Para.1:current　熟义:n.电流;生义:adj.现在的,最近的
C Para.4:sink　熟义:v.沉入;生义:n.储存库
词 块 积 累 A Para.3:put forward提出(计划、建议、意见等)
B Para.1:gather around聚集;Para.3:end up最终;Para.4:light pollution光污染;Para.5:helpful lessons有帮助的教训
C Para.1:enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事;as well as以及;
Para.2:adapt to适应;Para.3:send out发出;communicate with与……沟通;turn around转变
长 难 句 式 B Para.2:According to Dr Sam Fabian,study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist,moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt their backs to wherever is brightest.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist是Dr Sam Fabian的同位语;关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰先行词moths and many other insects;连接副词wherever引导从句,作介词to的宾语。
[译文]　根据研究合著者、伦敦帝国学院昆虫学家Sam Fabian博士的说法,夜间飞行的蛾子和许多其他昆虫已经进化到会将它们的背部向最亮的地方倾斜。
长 难 句 式 C Para.5:Currently,the costs of virtual fencing are still high,but in the long run it can help land managers better carry out management practices that regenerate land health,help address climate change and biodiversity loss.
[分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。在第二个分句中含有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句。
[译文]　目前,虚拟围栏的成本仍然很高,但从长远来看,它可以帮助土地管理者更好地实施恢复土地健康、应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失的管理措施。

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