资源简介

UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.moral adj.　　 道德的;道义上的
n. 品行;道德;寓意
2.dilemma n. 进退两难的境地;困境
3.entrust vt. 委托;交付
4.tuition n. (小组)教学;讲课
5.physician n. 医师;(尤指)内科医生
6.colleague n. 同事;同僚
7.kindergarten n. 学前班;幼儿园
8.insurance n. 保险;保险业
9.pole n. (行星的)极;地极
10.lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈
11.café n. 咖啡馆;小餐馆
12.waitress n. (餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者
13.pregnant adj. 怀孕的;妊娠的
14.disguise vt. 装扮;假扮;掩盖
n. 伪装;化装用具
15.maple n. 枫树;槭树
16.cart n. 手推车;运货马车
17.spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled,spilt/spilled) (使)洒出;(使)溢出
18.might n. 力量;威力
19.fable n. 寓言;寓言故事
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a kind of traditional virtue 一种传统美德
2.a faint smile 淡淡一笑
3.illustrate this difficult point 阐明这个难点
4.waste precious time 浪费宝贵的时间
5.charge a fee 收取费用
6.join the Students’ Union 加入学生会
7.hire a guide 雇用一位导游
8.live in a faraway village 住在一个遥远的村庄
9.a new dental clinic 一个新的牙医诊所
10.over the past decade 在过去的十年里
11.go elsewhere 去别处
12.publish her first novel 出版她的第一部小说
13.staff in her department 她部门里的员工
14.the basic principle 基本原则
15.passive smoking 被动吸烟
16.whisper in her ear 在她耳边耳语
17.at midnight 在子夜
18.take a bite of the cookie 咬一口饼干
19.bite one’s lip 咬着嘴唇
20.chairman of the Students’ Association 学生会主席
21.a chain of actions 一连串的动作
22.limp down the hallway 一瘸一拐地走过走廊
23.shed tears 流泪
24.sink into despair 陷入绝望
25.a player on the court 球场上的一位运动员
26.people on low incomes 低收入的人
27.200 miles per hour 每小时200英里
28.therefore burn lots of calories 因此燃烧大量热量
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.marriage n.　　　 结婚;婚姻
marry v. (和某人)结婚;嫁;娶
2.majority n. 大部分;大多数
major adj. 主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程;少校
3.complain vi.& vt. 抱怨;发牢骚
complaint n. 抱怨;投诉
4.respond vt. 回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
response n. 反应;回答;回复
5.scholarship n. 奖学金
scholar n. 学者
6.reject vt. 拒绝接受;不录用
rejection n. 拒绝接受;否决
7.appoint vt. 任命;委派
appointed adj. 约定的;指定的
appointment n. 约会;任命;委任
8.elect vt. 选举;推选
election n. 选举;推选;当选
9.tend vt. 照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
tendency n. 趋势;趋向
10.retire vt.& vi. 退休;退职;退出
retired adj. 退休的
retirement n. 退休
11.saving n. 节省物;节省;节约;[pl.]储蓄金;存款
save vt. 救;节省;储蓄
12.scare vt. 惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
scared adj. 害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
scary adj. 吓人的;恐怖的
13.sharp adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的
sharply adv. 急剧地;严厉地
sharpen vt. 削尖;磨快;使提高
14.energetic adj. 精力充沛的;充满活力的
energy n. 精力;活力;能量
15.replace vt. 接替;取代;更换
replacement n. 更换;更替;替换的人/物
16.accident n. 事故;车祸;失事
accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的
accidentally adv. 偶然地
17.operation n. 手术;企业;经营
operate vt.& vi. 做手术;经营;操作;运转
operator n. 操作员;接线员;经营者
18.import n. 进口;进口商品 vt.进口;输入;引进
export n. 出口;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播
19.assist vt. 帮助;援助
assistant n. 助理;助手
assistance n. 帮助;援助
20.memory n. 记忆力;回忆
memoriz(s)e vt. 记住;记忆
21.harm n.& vt. 伤害;损害
harmful adj. 有害的
harmfully adv. 有害地
harmless adj. 无害的
22.flexible adj. 灵活的;可变通的
flexibly adv. 灵活地
flexibility n. 灵活性
23.tension n. 紧张关系;紧张;焦虑
tense adj. 紧张的;(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的
n. (动词的)时态
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2.tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
3.pass away 去世
4.trip over 被……绊倒
5.a great deal (of) 大量
6.resident physician 住院医师
7.moral dilemma 道德困境
8.first aid 急救
9.tuition fees 学费
10.in despair 处于绝望中
11.in memory of 作为对……的纪念
12.in tears 流着泪;含着泪
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1. To a person nothing is more precious than their life.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。
2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(不定式短语作后置定语)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
3.The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.(无灵主语句)
中华人民共和国成立后,林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。
4.After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.(独立主格)
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
5.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.(neither...nor...)
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
6.And even as she lay dying,her final thoughts were for others.“I’m ready to go,” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”(语言描写)
即便在她弥留之际,她最后惦念的仍是他人。“我要走了,”她说,“不要再抢救了,不要再浪费药品了。”
构词法日积月累
一对反义前缀:in-(im-) & ex- im-(向内)+port(港口)→进入港口内→import进口;ex-(向外)+port(港口)→到港口外→export出口
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.be trapped in a dilemma陷入困境
2.entrust the task to him把这任务托付给他
3.expert tuition专家指导
4.a warm-hearted physician一位热心的医师
5.consult his colleagues咨询他的同事
6.donate her savings to a kindergarten把她的存款捐给一家幼儿园
7.health insurance健康保险
8.the South Pole南极
9.tell a fable讲寓言故事
10.with all his might用尽他的全部力量
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.precious adj.珍稀的;宝贵的
2.fee n.专业服务费;报酬
3.hire vt.聘任;雇用;租用 n.租借;租用
4.faraway adj.遥远的
5.decade n.十年;十年期
6.elsewhere adv.在别处;去别处
7.publish vt.发表(作品);出版
8.whisper vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
9.bite vt.& vi.(bit,bitten)咬;叮;蜇 n.咬;(咬下的)一口;咬伤
10.tear n.眼泪;泪水
11.despair n.绝望 vi.绝望;感到无望
12.income n.收入;收益
13.therefore adv.因此;所以
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程;少校→majority n.大部分;大多数
2.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨;投诉
3.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应→response n.反应;回答;回复
4.appoint vt.任命;委派→appointed adj.约定的;指定的→appointment n.约会;任命;委任
5.elect vt.选举;推选→election n.选举;推选;当选
6.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→tendency n.趋势;趋向
7.retire vt.& vi.退休;退职;退出→retired adj.退休的→retirement n.退休
8.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj.吓人的;恐怖的
9.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→sharply adv.急剧地;严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖;磨快;使提高
10.energy n.精力;活力;能量→energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的
11.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的
12.flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n.灵活性
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.tend to do sth易于做某事;往往会发生某事
2.in despair处于绝望中
3.pass away去世
4.in memory of作为对……的纪念
5.in tears流着泪;含着泪
6.trip over被……绊倒
7.carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
8.a great deal (of)大量
9.moral dilemma道德困境
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
As far as I’m concerned,there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(心理描写)
就我而言,没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。
2.句型公式:不定式短语作后置定语
I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(人物介绍)
我真的很想采访杨利伟,因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人,还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
3.句型公式:无灵主语句
Last Sunday saw an extraordinary cross-country running race,which drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.(活动介绍)
上周日,我们学校举行了一场非同寻常的越野赛跑,引起了全校师生的注意。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.In the last decade (十年),advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
2.It was quite beyond me how such a big family could live on such a small income (收入).
3.The names of the winners of the competition will be published (公布) in June.
4.To keep it secret,she leaned over and whispered something in my ear.
5.I would appreciate it if you could give us some precious advice on how to improve our English.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Being addicted to computer games is definitely harmful (harm) to people’s health.
2.We received a number of complaints (complain) from our customers about the lack of parking facilities.
3.It was a scary story and children were scared to death when they heard it.(scare)
4.The teacher simplified the question,but still failed to get a response (respond) from any of the students.
5.You should phone his secretary if you want to make an appointment (appoint).
6.There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
7.As the old saying goes,“A workman must sharpen (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
8.The most energetic (energy) and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
Ⅲ.短语填空
tend to;pass away;trip over;in tears
1.The moment he caught sight of his mother,the little boy stood there,looking at his mother in tears.
2.It took him quite a while to be used to living along after his parents passed away.
3.He tried to follow Jack’s footsteps in the snow and tripped over on a stone.
4.When we are under stress,our bodies tend to tense up.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Li Hua,an energetic medical student,was walking by a kindergarten 1.when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this,her first response was 2.to conduct(conduct) first aid,but a passer-by whispered to her “Think twice”.She was in a moral dilemma.After a short 3.hesitation(hesitate),she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However,her mother spoke sharp words and complained about this 4.for fear of a blackmail (敲诈).Li Hua became scared.She had no income,savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf .Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts 5.flashing(flash) through her mind,she was almost in despair,and therefore could not sleep 6.until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 7.more precious(precious) than life How can you reject your duty and ignore your principles ” The following day,she found the pregnant woman’s mother waiting in front of her classroom.She thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last,her tension 8.was replaced(replace) with pride.Maybe it was that inner sense of responsibility 9.that made Li Hua get 10.promoted(promote) and make contributions in her career as a doctor decades later.
1.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应 (response n.回答;回复;反应)
佳句背诵　
He was smiling and responding in pride,looking back at her as if to say,“You got that right.”(语言+动作描写) 他微笑着,自豪地回应,回头看着她,好像在说:“你说得对。”
respond to　　　　 对……做出回应或反应;答复
in response to 对……的答复;对……做出反应
make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Greatly surprised by her response(respond),I left with a mixture of gratitude,humility,respect and shame.
②Every time I asked him for advice,he would respond to/make a response to me immediately.(人物介绍)
每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。
教考衔接　单句写作
③I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”.(建议信;2023·北京卷)
我写信是为了回应你上一封信,在信中你要我就如何策划一个以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动提供建议。
2.appoint vt.任命;委派(appointment n.约会;任命;预约;委任 appointed adj.约定的;指定的)
佳句背诵　
Learning that he was appointed as head of the team,he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house.(动作描写)
他在得知自己被任命为队长后,难掩激动之情,手舞足蹈地进了屋。
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
make/have an appointment (with sb) (与某人)约会/预约
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I have something urgent to handle and therefore,I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.
②Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the student council,I sincerely congratulate you.(祝贺信)
得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。
教考衔接　单句写作
③We have made/had an appointment to go out this weekend,but I’m so sorry that I can’t keep my promise.(道歉信;2021·北京卷)
我们曾约定这个周末一起外出,但很抱歉我无法遵守诺言了。
3.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于(tendency n.趋势;趋向)
佳句背诵　
During traditional festivals,Chinese people tend to gather with their families,sharing meals and stories.(节日介绍)
在传统节日期间,中国人往往与家人团聚,共享美食和故事。
tend to do... 倾向于做……;往往做……
tend to sb/sth 照料;照管;护理
have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①She has a tendency (tend) to overthink small details.
②Whenever my little sister feels sick,my mother tends to her.
每当我妹妹生病时,妈妈都会照料她。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③If a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce (produce) stretched and soft meows.(2024·全国甲卷)
片段巩固 用respond;appoint;tend完成心理描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:小组活动中老师任命我为组长→起初很紧张,不知道同学们会如何回应我的想法→他们非常支持我→我往往会自然地承担起责任→我们一起成功地完成了这个项目 During our group work,the teacher appointed me as the leader.I was nervous at first because I didn’t know how my classmates would respond to my ideas.However,they were very supportive,and I tended to take on responsibility naturally.Together,we finally completed the work successfully.
4.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
scary adj.吓人的;恐怖的)
佳句背诵　
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us,I was nearly scared to death.(心理描写)
当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候,我几乎要吓死了。
scare sb into doing sth　 恐吓某人做某事
scare (...) away (把……)吓跑
be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema,she was scared of walking home alone.
②Having realized my mistake,I bowed my head timidly,scared to look at my father’s cloudy face.(心理描写)
意识到自己的错误后,我胆怯地低下了头,不敢看父亲那阴郁的脸色。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.(2024·全国甲卷)
5.assist vt.帮助;援助 (assistance n.帮助;援助 assistant n.助手;助理)
佳句背诵　
In response to your last letter,I make sure that I will assist you with your oral English.Firstly,I will assist you to correct your pronunciation.(建议信)
作为对你上封信的回复,我保证会在英语口语方面帮助你。首先,我会帮你纠正你的发音。
assist sb to do sth 　　　 　 帮助某人做某事
assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop assistant who came to my assistance when I fainted in your shop.(assist)
②With your assistance,I will make full preparations for the meeting.(感谢信)
在你的帮助下,我将为会议做好充分的准备。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Whether it’s helping classmates with their studies,assisting a teacher with classroom duties,or volunteering for community services,Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand.(人物介绍;2023·天津3月卷)
无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师完成课堂任务,还是志愿参加社区服务,张健总会伸出援助之手。
6.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的;不致伤害的)
佳句背诵　
I cupped my hand over the phone,whispering to her that I meant no harm.(动作描写)
我用手捂住电话,低声告诉她我没有恶意。
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
do sb harm/do harm to sb 　 对某人有害
There is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事无害处
be harmful to 对……有害
①As we all know,a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one’s health.
②众所周知,吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
→It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to our health.(harm n.)
→It is known to us that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health.(harmful)
教考衔接　单句写作
③Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health.Therefore,there is no harm in getting rid of it.(现象介绍;2021·全国乙卷)
沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此,戒掉它没有害处。
7.a great deal (of)大量
佳句背诵　
The movie which was adopted from a science fiction has been attracting a great deal of attention.
这部电影改编自一部科幻小说,吸引了大量关注。
(1)a great/good deal of “许多的;大量的”,只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great/good many (of)。
(2)a great deal用作名词短语时,意为“大量;许多”,作主语或者宾语。
(3)a great/good deal用作副词短语时,可修饰形容词或副词比较级来加强程度,也可以作状语修饰动词。
以练促学　对比填空(a great deal/a great deal of)/单句写作
But Robert told all the boys that Henry was a coward,and they laughed at him a great deal.
②Typically,fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of patience.
③Emily was a great/good deal more enthusiastic about learning foreign languages,and she started practicing French and Spanish every day.(情绪描写)
艾米莉对学习外语更加热情,并开始每天练习法语和西班牙语。
教考衔接　单句写作
④Although David ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids,he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face.A good/great many (of) kids couldn’t resist applauding him.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多,他还是成功到达终点线,脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子都情不自禁地为他鼓掌。
片段巩固 用scare;assist;harm;a great deal完成场景描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:学校郊游中突然的雷暴雨让大家受到了惊吓→老师迅速帮助我们到安全的地方→保持冷静在避免伤害中起到了很大的作用→尽管天气很吓人,我们还是安全地返回了学校 During the school trip,a sudden thunderstorm scared everyone much.Our teacher quickly assisted us to a safe place.Staying calm helped a great deal in preventing any harm,and we all returned to school safely despite the scary weather.
1.sharp / ɑ p/ adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的;敏锐的;尖刻的;剧烈的;急转的(生义) adv.整点地(生义)
①He exposed his sharp teeth,glaring at us as he ran forward.adj.锋利的
②Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age.adj.敏锐的
③After running for an hour,she felt a sharp pain in her side,which forced her to stop and rest for a while.adj.剧烈的
④She planned to unlock the shop at 8:00 sharp this morning.adv.整点地
⑤All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear.adj.明显的
⑥The road ahead has a sharp turn,so drivers need to slow down and be cautious to avoid accidents.adj.急转的
2.reject /r d ekt/ vt. 拒绝接受;不录用;排斥(生义)
①I’ve been rejected by all the universities I applied to.不录用
②There is always a chance that the body will reject the transplant.排斥
③Despite the student’s effort to persuade the teacher,she had to reject his excuse for missing the homework deadline.拒绝接受
3.operation / p re n/ n. 手术;企业;经营;活动;行动(生义)
①Following the earthquake,a large-scale rescue operation was launched.行动
②After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and swallow.手术
③The new operation opened last month and has already attracted many customers due to its excellent service and products.企业
4.faint /fe nt/ vi. 昏倒;晕厥 adj. 不清楚的;微弱的;可能性不大的(生义)
①His breathing became faint.adj.微弱的
②There is still a faint hope that she may be cured.adj.可能性不大的
③The sight of blood made him so anxious that he fainted on the spot,causing concern among his friends.vi.昏倒;晕厥
5.illustrate / l stre t/ vt. (举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图
To illustrate① the importance of teamwork,our teacher told us a story about a group of ants working together.She also showed us a book she illustrated② herself,adding beautiful drawings to explain the story further.This really helped us understand how working together can achieve great results.①vt.(举例)说明;阐明　②vt.给(书或文章)加插图
1.句型公式:“否定词+比较级”表示最高级
课本原句:To a person nothing is more precious than their life.
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。
佳句背诵　
To us,nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble.(主旨升华句)
对我们来说,没有什么比向身处困境中的人们传递善意更重要的了。
“否定词+比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no、no one、not、never、nothing、nobody等。
以练促学　单句写作/一句多译
①I have never met a more kind-hearted person than him before.(否定词+比较级)
我以前从未遇到过比他更善良的人。
②我们确实相信你是最适合这个比赛的。
→We do believe that you are the most suitable for this competition.(最高级)
→We do believe that there is no one more suitable than you for this competition.(否定词+比较级)
教考衔接　单句写作
③“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one!” the mother responded excitedly.(语言描写;2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐!”妈妈激动地回答道。
④There was nothing she feared more than having to run a whole mile.(心理描写;2024·浙江1月卷)
她最害怕的事情莫过于不得不跑完整整一英里。
2.句型公式:无灵主语句
课本原句:The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
中华人民共和国成立后,林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。
佳句背诵　
Unfortunately,as economy advances,recent years have seen the oceans being polluted seriously.(环境保护;2022·全国甲卷)
不幸的是,随着经济的发展,近年来海洋受到了严重污染。
(1)see意为“见证;目睹;经历”时,常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语,表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
(2)与see用法相同的动词有find、witness、experience、wash等,这些词在句中作谓语,用物作主语时,表示一种拟人的修辞手法,以增添语言色彩,使表达更形象。
以练促学　英汉翻译
①The past few decades have witnessed the sharp development of our country,together with many historic achievements.
过去的几十年我们国家飞速发展,取得许多历史性成就。
②Morning found Christie knitting by the window.
清晨,克里斯蒂坐在窗边织毛衣。
③国庆节期间人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。(see)
National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the streets.
教考衔接　单句写作
④To my surprise,Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me.“Just keep your promise,Sir.”A feeling of gratitude washed over me.(动作+心理描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
令我惊讶的是,冈特毫不犹豫地写下他的电话号码并给了我。“只要您遵守承诺,先生。”一股感激之情涌上我的心头。
对应学生用书P136
维度一　单元知识运用
1.In response to the growing concerns about pollution,the school started a campaign to reduce waste and encourage recycling.
2.They appointed Emma to organize (organize) the school play,knowing she had a talent for directing and managing events.
3.People tend to be (be) more productive in the morning when they are well-rested and focused.
4.The boy was scared to ride (ride) the roller coaster,but his friends encouraged him,and he ended up enjoying it.
5.The teacher assisted the students to complete (complete) the science experiment by explaining each step carefully and providing guidance.
6.Eating too much junk food can be harmful (harm) to your health,leading to obesity and other serious conditions.
7.This year’s summer vacation is a great deal shorter (short) than last year’s,which means students have less time to relax.
8.Nothing could be more exciting (exciting) than winning first place in the school competition.
9.The empty classroom witnessed (witness) the quiet afternoons,waiting for the students to return from their break.
10.The sun setting (set) behind the hills,the campers prepared for a peaceful night under the stars.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.After taking a bite of the apple,she realized it was sour,so she decided not to eat the rest.
咬了一口苹果后,她发现它很酸,所以决定不吃剩下的部分了。
2.Her friends carried her through the tough times after she lost her job,always offering support and encouragement.
在她失业后,她的朋友们一直给予她支持和鼓励,帮助她渡过了难关。
3.In the past decade,technology has advanced rapidly,changing the way students learn and interact with each other.
在过去的十年里,技术迅速发展,改变了学生学习和相互交流的方式。
4.He was in despair,feeling as if all his hard work had been for nothing.
他感到绝望,觉得自己所有的努力都白费了。
5.The students felt energetic after the break,ready to tackle the challenges of the afternoon classes.
休息过后,学生们精力充沛,准备迎接下午课程的挑战。
6.She was in tears when she read the heartfelt letter from her best friend.
当她读到来自她最好的朋友的真挚信件时,她泪流满面。
7.She bit her lip nervously as she waited for the exam results to be announced.
在她等待考试结果公布时,她紧张地咬着嘴唇。
8.The temperature dropped sharply overnight,leading to a cold and frosty morning.
气温在一夜之间急剧下降,导致早晨寒冷结霜。
9.She tripped over a rock on the path and nearly fell,but she caught herself just in time.
她被小路上的一块石头绊到,差点摔倒,但及时稳住了自己。
10.It was whispered that the new student was a genius,having skipped several grades in her previous school.
有人私下说新来的学生是个天才,她在以前的学校跳过了好几个年级。
维度三　单元话题写作(人物介绍——值得尊敬和爱戴的人)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.说到我最尊敬的人,我首先想到的是我的英语老师——王老师。(不定式作后置定语)
When it comes to the person I respect most,the first one to come into my mind is my English teacher Miss Wang.
2.她是一位热心、敬业的老师,把我们当作她的孩子一样照顾和教导。(定语从句;tend)
She is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher,who tends and instructs us as if we were her children.
3.她有着灵活的教学方法。当我在英语学习中遇到问题时,她会耐心地倾听我,并帮助我克服困难。(flexible)
She has a flexible teaching method.When I encounter problems in English learning,she listens to me patiently and explains them carefully,helping me overcome the difficulties.
4.作为十几岁的学生,我们有时候会陷入迷茫和绝望的境地。(where引导定语从句;in despair)
As teenage students,we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair.
5.每当我们遇到困难时,总是她带我们度过艰难的时期。(强调句式;carry sb through)
Whenever we are in trouble,it is always she who carries us through the tough period.
6.她赢得了我们所有学生的尊敬,在我们心中她是最美的老师。(否定词+比较级)
She has won great respect from all us students and in our mind,no one is more beautiful than her.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
The Person I Respect
When it comes to the person I respect most,the first one to come into my mind is my English teacher Miss Wang.Firstly,she is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher,who tends and instructs us as if we were her children.Additionally,she has a flexible teaching method.When I encounter problems in English learning,she listens to me patiently and explains them carefully,helping me overcome the difficulties.Furthermore,as teenage students,we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair.Whenever we are in trouble,it is always she who carries us through the tough period.Therefore,she has won great respect from all us students and in our mind,no one is more beautiful than her.
对应学生用书P138
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 crucial adj.关键的 nearby adv.附近 instantly adv.立刻 effectively adv.有效地 quickly adv.迅速地 test v.考验 react v.做出反应 value n.价值观 bravery n.勇敢
词 块 handle the situation 处理情况 take over接手 medical help医疗救援
靓 句 1.Halfway through the exam,a classmate of mine suddenly fainted,creating a moment of panic among the students. 考试进行到一半时,我的一位同学突然晕倒了,这在学生中造成了一阵恐慌。 2.He rushed to her side,provided first aid,and reassured everyone while signaling for the teacher’s assistance. 他冲到她身边,提供了急救,并在向老师求助的同时安抚了大家。 3.Tom’s actions not only helped our classmate but also inspired all of us to give a willing hand to those in need. 汤姆的行动不仅帮助了我们的同学,而且激励了我们所有人在他人需要时伸出援手。
2.场景片段训练(助人为乐的Tom)
During an important examination in our school,an incident ①tested our values (考验我们价值观).Halfway through the exam,a classmate of mine ②suddenly fainted (突然晕倒),creating a moment of panic among the students.However,Tom,who was seated nearby,③reacted instantly (立刻做出了反应).④He rushed to her side (他冲到她身边),provided first aid,and reassured everyone while signaling for the teacher’s assistance.His quick thinking and bravery were crucial in ⑤handling the situation effectively (有效处理情况).The teacher ⑥soon took over (很快接手),and medical help arrived quickly.Tom’s actions not only helped our classmate ⑦but also inspired all of us to give a willing hand to those in need (而且激励了我们所有人在他人需要时伸出援手).
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2023·全国甲卷阅读C)
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World.It was full of ideas that were new to me,so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college.Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault,Baudrillard,or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express:In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy.It is not an explanation,but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer,and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This,more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences,and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history,and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun,sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire,loneliness,and aging.The invitation is clear:Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I encourage you to take his offer.It’s worth your time,even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了哲学著作《苏格拉底快车》。该书语言幽默,通俗易懂,却能让读者深层次地思考日常生活中的欲望、孤独和衰老等哲学问题。
28.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A.Foucault.
B.Eric Weiner.
C.Jostein Gaarder.
D.A college teacher.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段首句和第一段尾句可知,Jostein Gaarder的《苏菲的世界》把作者带进了一个哲学的世界。故Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了哲学大门,故选C项。]
29.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
答案　D　[推理判断题。通读第四段,特别是该段尾句可知,在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后,作者指出,《苏格拉底快车》不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。据此可以推知,作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书,故选D项。]
30.What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A.Its views on history are well-presented.
B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C.It includes comments from readers.
D.It leaves an open ending.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的首句可知,《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书,它因通俗易懂而吸引读者,并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。结合常识可以推知,《苏格拉底快车》的思想可以用于日常生活中,故选B项。]
31.What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A.Objective and plain.
B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow.
D.Humorous and straightforward.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第五段的“he does so with plenty of humor”及尾段第一句可知,《苏格拉底快车》因语言幽默且通俗易懂而吸引读者,并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知,Weiner的书幽默且易懂,故选D项。]
思维建模
推理判断题——评价人物/事物
在高考英语阅读理解题中,常出现对文本中的相关人物及事物的评价,我们称之为评价题。解答此类题,需要结合文本对人物/事物的描述,从而对人物/事物的特征作出合理的评价。
以例示法(如31题)
揣摩推敲出答案
一找:根据题干关键词Weiner’s book可定位原文最后一段;
二理(理解关键句字面意义):《苏格拉底快车》因语言幽默且通俗易懂而吸引读者,并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。
三评(评价图书):Weiner的书幽默且易懂。
四比(比较各选项):选D。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:philosophy n.哲学; Para.4:scene n.场景;context n.背景; Para.5:interpretation n.解释,诠释; Para.6:simplicity n.简单;desire n.欲望 Para.1:world of philosophy哲学世界;Para.2:love for philosophy对哲学的热爱;Para.4:train ride between cities乘火车穿梭于城市之间;learn to use philosophy学会运用哲学;Para.5:philosophical thought哲学思想;quality of our experiences体验的质量; important philosophers in history历史上重要的哲学家
析 长 难 语 句 Para.4:The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer,and have no regrets like Nietzsche. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为主系表结构;which引导定语从句,修饰先行词read。 [尝试翻译]　(读这本书的)最终结果是,我们学会像苏格拉底那样思考,像梭罗那样观察,像叔本华那样倾听,像尼采那样无怨无悔。 [语言赏析]　这句话通过排比等修辞手法,精炼总结了该书的核心内容,并展示了哲学思维在实际生活中的应用。通过提及知名哲学家,增强了句子的吸引力和权威性,几个动作的表达方式则确保了信息传递的清晰性与直接性。
课时作业　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·连云港高三模拟)
Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards.Ten years ago,she and her family moved to a new home in Austin,Texas.
One day,Kristin tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting a party.She bought a few picnic tables but the delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake.“After the party,I painted the table turquoise—my favorite color—and put it in the front yard,just a few feet from the sidewalk,” she says.
That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out.They played games,did crafts and ate snacks.“We got intentional about where we spent our time,” Kristin says.“We became ‘front yard people’.”
Neighbors began to stop by to introduce themselves and sit down for a chat.Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard too.A movement was born.“It was a simple way to slow down and connect with others,” she says.The turquoise table was inviting and had a shared feel.
People often hesitate to invite others into their homes.They think their house is too messy,it’s not big enough or they don’t have enough time.“Our perfectionism can cause us to miss out on the joy of connecting with others,” Kristin says.Her picnic table takes away the excuses—and the pressure.
She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward easing loneliness and building relationships in her community.“People’s greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they belong,”she says.
A decade after their Texas beginnings,thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world.Not all of them are actually turquoise.“No matter what color it is,it’s a friendship table,” Kristin says.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯汀·谢尔在前院放置的一张青绿色餐桌使她加强了与邻居乃至陌生人的友好联系,也激励了更多人参与到这场社交的运动之中。
1.Why did Kristin Schell start the movement
A.To host more parties in her front yard.
B.To entertain her friends and neighbors.
C.To engage with people in the neighbourhood.
D.To create harmonious communities worldwide.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段、第二段的第一句以及第四段中的“It was a simple way...connect with others”可知,克里斯汀·谢尔发起这项运动的目的是与邻居接触,故选C项。]
2.Which of the following words best describe Kristin Schell according to the text
A.Creative and sociable.
B.Friendly and humorous.
C.Generous and ambitious.
D.Cautious and responsible.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘After the party...from the sidewalk,’she says.”以及后文Kristin后来发起了“绿松石桌”运动可知,克里斯汀有创造性。再根据第四段中的“Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.”可知,克里斯汀是一个热情、好交际的人,故选A项。]
3.What can be inferred from the text
A.People don’t like others to step into their houses.
B.The campaign has a big impact at home and abroad.
C.Kristin Schell bought the turquoise table to host a party.
D.People feel unwilling to join in the front yard chat at first.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A decade after their Texas beginnings...around the world.”可知,这场运动在国内外都产生了巨大的影响,故选B项。]
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Love Your Neighbors
B.An Amazing Woman
C.Happy Front Yard Time
D.Tables Where All Are Welcome
答案　D　[标题归纳题。文章主要讲述克里斯汀·谢尔因为在前院偶然放置的一张青绿色餐桌,与邻居和陌生人建立了联系,也影响了全世界的很多人。因此D项“欢迎所有人的桌子”可作为本文的最佳标题,故选D项。]
(2025·杭州高三质量检测)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question,we need to ask a further question:What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity,people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm.In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example,how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note,when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要通过论述两种关于原谅的观点告诉读者原谅他人的能力是可以通过实践练习提升。
5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“In his opinion,forgivers are compromising...who might then take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕者在宽恕他人的时候也在损害自己的幸福,而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们,故选D项。]
6.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A.To forgive is to love.
B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow.
D.To give is to receive.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知,支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推出,作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配就是伤害”,故选B项。]
7.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A.Favorable. B.Reserved.
C.Objective. D.Skeptical.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies...Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people”和最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知,作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨,恢复和谐,打破愤怒的循环,治愈关系,将人们再次联系在一起,且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知,作者对原谅持支持的态度,故选A项。]
8.What is the message of the last paragraph
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
答案　C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...develops with practice.”可知,作者认为人们不一定生来就有原谅的能力,但都可以学习并提升这一能力,并随实践而发展。由此可知,本段主要说明学会原谅需要实践,故选C项。]
(2025·南京师大附中高三模拟)
On Monday,a lawsuit (诉讼) in the US got huge headlines around the world.It deals with a truly 21st century issue—whether human genes (基因) may be patented.
Myriad Genetics,a biotechnology company,discovered two genes—BRCA 1 and BRCA 2—that are highly related to breast cancer.Myriad patented its discoveries and a group of researchers challenged that the patent was illegal.
The US patent law protects the temporary economic rewards inventors get from their inventions.But it also says a product of nature or a law of nature can’t be patented.For example,Einstein couldn’t patent on his discovery of E=mc2.
And until relatively recently,many of the medical researchers voluntarily gave up patents on their inventions.When Dr.Jonas Salk,the inventor of the polio vaccine (小儿麻痹症疫苗),was asked in 1955 whether he had a patent on the vaccine,he replied,“Could you patent the sun ”
Myriad Genetics,however,says that the genes it identified are not like the sun.It notes that there are 20,000 genes in the human body and that it has sorted through all those genes and found the two that are closely related to breast cancer.
Not so,say those challenging the patent.Human genes are products of nature.They are just a part of the human body.“All Myriad does is take the part out of the body,” says the challengers’ lawyer,Christopher Hansen.“Can the person who first takes the heart out of the body patent on hearts ”
Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth.“At some level it is about money,” he says,“because medicine doesn’t happen for free.The patent system is very important to encourage companies to spend more money on scientific research and development.”
Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation Most countries approve patents on genes,but they also allow other scientists to use the genes freely to do research and develop new medicines and testing methods.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了Myriad Genetics是否应该申请专利保护其新发现的致癌基因的问题。
9.Which of the following can be patented according to the US patent law
A.The law of gravity force.
B.A unique orbit found in space.
C.A new medicine based on BRCA 1.
D.The basic working principle of planes.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The US patent law...nature can’t be patented.”可推知,基于BRCA 1的新药应该可以申请专利,故选C项。]
10.What is Christopher Hansen’s argument against the patent
A.A product of nature can’t be patented.
B.Public interests should be put before profits.
C.It is unacceptable to the other countries in the world.
D.The connection between genes and cancers is not obvious.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Not so,say those challenging the...a part of the human body.”可知,Christopher Hansen 反对的依据是基因BRCA 1及BRCA 2是已经存在的自然物,所以不能申请专利,故选A项。]
11.What does the underlined phrase “down to earth” in paragraph 7 mean
A.Angry. B.Rude.
C.Smart. D.Practical.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“At some level...on scientific research and development.”可知,Rochelle Dreyfuss的说辞一点都不“高大上”,而是十分务实的:新药研发要花钱;公司能获利才会有投资科研的动力。故画线词意思是“实际的”,故选D项。]
12.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The consequences of the lawsuit.
B.Other countries’ solution to the case.
C.The public reactions to the news.
D.Some scientists’ support for the patent.
答案　B　[段落大意题。根据最后一段的主题句“Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation ”可知,最后一段主要讲了其他国家的解决方案,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·湖北高三联考)
Life isn’t fair.Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet.Well,it might seem like a magical power,but in fact there are a number of factors at work.　1　 The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.
But first,the bad news.People initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance.With just a glimpse of a face,people make snap judgments about each other’s likeability,trustworthiness and confidence.How should we deal with this 　2　 People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.It sounds like common sense,doesn’t it Smile and others will smile with you.
What other tricks might we have 　3　 Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to:raise our eyebrows quickly,tilt (倾斜) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.
So we’ve looked at body language,but of course what you say is hugely important too,unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly.The golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves,they’re going to like you.In other words,you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.　4　
Finally,finding common ground is good for forming a connection.Charming people are particularly skilled at seeking out shared interests or experiences to bond with others.Simple things like asking where someone’s from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common.And if all else fails,you can fall back on that most British of topics:the weather.　5　
A.It can be a nice start of a conversation.
B.Instead,you need to show interest in them.
C.There’s one incredibly simple tool:your smile.
D.So,can you learn to develop superhuman charm
E.What good tricks can we employ to become charming
F.Shared interests are the key to making connections with others.
G.Our brains often survey the environment for friend or enemy signals.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四种让人变得有吸引力的方法。
1.D　[空后的“The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.”表明空后应是对上文的回答,且根据回答内容“yes,you can”可知,空处应是一般疑问句,且主语是you,故选D项。]
2.C　[空前问到“How should we deal with this ”,故空处应该是对这个问题的回答。再结合空后的“People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.”以及“Smile and others will smile with you.”可知,处理这种情况的方法就是微笑,故选C项“有一个非常简单的工具:你的微笑”。]
3.G　[根据空后的“Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are...tilt(仰起) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.”可知,我们可以做三件事来表明自己没有威胁:快速抬眉,微微歪头,并且再次微笑。因此对方是通过这些信息来判断我们是敌是友的。故G项“我们的大脑经常观察周围环境来获取友好或敌意的信号”符合语境。]
4.B　[空前讲你不应该谈论你自己和你所有的令人赞叹的成就,故空处应讲述你应该怎么做。B项“相反,你需要对他们表现出兴趣”承接上文,与空前呈转折关系,符合语境。]
5.A　[空前讲如果其他一切都失败了,你就可以借助于最英式的话题:天气。空处应该讲这样做的好处,故A项“这可能是一段谈话的一个很好的开始”符合语境。A项中的It指代空前的the weather。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:movement n.运动;community n.社区;Para.2:delivery n.送货;Para.3:craft n.手工艺;snack n.小吃
B Para.1:dominance n.优势,显著,支配地位;aggressive adj.好斗的,挑衅的;Para.3:integrity n.完整,完全;耿直,正直诚实;hatred n.仇恨,憎恨,厌恶;Para.4:perspective n.态度,观点,思考方法
C Para.1:headline n.头条新闻;Para.2:biotechnology n.生物技术;patent n.专利; Para.3:temporary adj.临时的;economic adj.经济的;Para.4:vaccine n.疫苗
熟词生义 A Para.1:move　熟义:v.移动;生义:vt.搬家
B Para.1:compromise　熟义:v.妥协,让步;生义:v.损害
C Para.1:patent　熟义:n.专利权;生义:vt.取得……的专利权
词 块 积 累 A Para.2:host a party举办派对;Para.3:hang out待着;play games玩游戏; Para.4:stop by顺便来;sit down坐下来
B Para.1:for the sake of为了……起见;Para.2:fall apart破裂,崩溃
C Para.1:deal with处理;Para.4:give up放弃;Para.7:down to earth踏实的;务实的
长 难 句 式 A Para.1:Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards. [分析]　这是一个复合句。关系代词who引导定语从句修饰名词people;a movement of ordinary people作The Turquoise Table的同位语。 [译文]　克里斯汀·谢尔是“绿松石桌”运动的创始人,这是一场由普通人发起的运动,他们的目的是在自家前院创建社群。
C Para.7:Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth. [分析]　这是一个复合句。同位语a patent expert解释和说明Rochelle Dreyfuss的身份;关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词expert。 [译文]　与此案无关的专利专家罗歇尔·德雷福斯则更加务实。(共163张PPT)
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
必修第三册
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
读写素养培优
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.moral adj.　　 道德的;道义上的
n. 品行;道德;寓意
2.dilemma n. 进退两难的境地;困境
3.entrust vt. 委托;交付
4.tuition n. (小组)教学;讲课
5.physician n. 医师;(尤指)内科医生
6.colleague n. 同事;同僚
7.kindergarten n. 学前班;幼儿园
8.insurance n. 保险;保险业
9.pole n. (行星的)极;地极
10.lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈
11.café n. 咖啡馆;小餐馆
12.waitress n. (餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者
13.pregnant adj. 怀孕的;妊娠的
14.disguise vt. 装扮;假扮;掩盖
n. 伪装;化装用具
15.maple n. 枫树;槭树
16.cart n. 手推车;运货马车
17.spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled,spilt/spilled)(使)洒出;(使)溢出
18.might n. 力量;威力
19.fable n. 寓言;寓言故事
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a kind of traditional virtue 一种传统美德
2.a faint smile 淡淡一笑
3.illustrate this difficult point 阐明这个难点
4.waste precious time 浪费宝贵的时间
5.charge a fee 收取费用
6.join the Students’ Union 加入学生会
7.hire a guide 雇用一位导游
8.live in a faraway village 住在一个遥远的村庄
9.a new dental clinic 一个新的牙医诊所
10.over the past decade 在过去的十年里
11.go elsewhere 去别处
12.publish her first novel 出版她的第一部小说
13.staff in her department 她部门里的员工
14.the basic principle 基本原则
15.passive smoking 被动吸烟
16.whisper in her ear 在她耳边耳语
17.at midnight 在子夜
18.take a bite of the cookie 咬一口饼干
19.bite one’s lip 咬着嘴唇
20.chairman of the Students’ Association 学生会主席
21.a chain of actions 一连串的动作
22.limp down the hallway 一瘸一拐地走过走廊
23.shed tears 流泪
24.sink into despair 陷入绝望
25.a player on the court 球场上的一位运动员
26.people on low incomes 低收入的人
27.200 miles per hour 每小时200英里
28.therefore burn lots of calories 因此燃烧大量热量
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.marriage n.　　　 结婚;婚姻
marry v. (和某人)结婚;嫁;娶
2.majority n. 大部分;大多数
major adj. 主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程;少校
3.complain vi.& vt. 抱怨;发牢骚
complaint n. 抱怨;投诉
4.respond vt. 回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
response n. 反应;回答;回复
5.scholarship n. 奖学金
scholar n. 学者
6.reject vt. 拒绝接受;不录用
rejection n. 拒绝接受;否决
7.appoint vt. 任命;委派
appointed adj. 约定的;指定的
appointment n. 约会;任命;委任
8.elect vt. 选举;推选
election n. 选举;推选;当选
9.tend vt. 照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
tendency n. 趋势;趋向
10.retire vt.& vi. 退休;退职;退出
retired adj. 退休的
retirement n. 退休
11.saving n. 节省物;节省;节约;[pl.]储蓄金;存款
save vt. 救;节省;储蓄
12.scare vt. 惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
scared adj. 害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
scary adj. 吓人的;恐怖的
13.sharp adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的
sharply adv. 急剧地;严厉地
sharpen vt. 削尖;磨快;使提高
14.energetic adj. 精力充沛的;充满活力的
energy n. 精力;活力;能量
15.replace vt. 接替;取代;更换
replacement n. 更换;更替;替换的人/物
16.accident n. 事故;车祸;失事
accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的
accidentally adv. 偶然地
17.operation n. 手术;企业;经营
operate vt.& vi. 做手术;经营;操作;运转
operator n. 操作员;接线员;经营者
18.import n. 进口;进口商品 vt.进口;输入;引进
export n. 出口;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播
19.assist vt. 帮助;援助
assistant n. 助理;助手
assistance n. 帮助;援助
20.memory n. 记忆力;回忆
memoriz(s)e vt. 记住;记忆
21.harm n.& vt. 伤害;损害
harmful adj. 有害的
harmfully adv. 有害地
harmless adj. 无害的
22.flexible adj. 灵活的;可变通的
flexibly adv. 灵活地
flexibility n. 灵活性
23.tension n. 紧张关系;紧张;焦虑
tense adj. 紧张的;(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的
n. (动词的)时态
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2.tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
3.pass away 去世
4.trip over 被……绊倒
5.a great deal (of) 大量
6.resident physician 住院医师
7.moral dilemma 道德困境
8.first aid 急救
9.tuition fees 学费
10.in despair 处于绝望中
11.in memory of 作为对……的纪念
12.in tears 流着泪;含着泪
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1. To a person nothing is more precious than their life.
(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。
2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(不定式短语作后置定语)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
3.The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.(无灵主语句)
中华人民共和国成立后,林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。
4.After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.(独立主格)
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
5.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.(neither...nor...)
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
6.And even as she lay dying,her final thoughts were for others.“I’m ready to go,” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”(语言描写)
即便在她弥留之际,她最后惦念的仍是他人。“我要走了,”她说,“不要再抢救了,不要再浪费药品了。”
构词法日积月累
一对反义前缀:in-(im-) & ex-
im-(向内)+port(港口)→进入港口内→import进口;ex-(向外)+port(港口)→到港口外→export出口
单 元 默 写 检 测
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.be trapped in a dilemma　 陷入____________
2.entrust the task to him ________这任务_______给他
3.expert tuition 专家____________
4.a warm-hearted physician 一位热心的____________
5.consult his colleagues 咨询他的____________
困境
把
托付
指导
医师
同事
6.donate her savings to a kindergarten
把她的存款捐给一家____________
7.health insurance 健康____________
8.the South Pole 南____________
9.tell a fable 讲____________
10.with all his might 用尽他的全部____________
幼儿园
保险
极
寓言故事
力量
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.____________ adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
2.____________ n.专业服务费；报酬
3.____________ vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n.租借；租用
4.____________ adj.遥远的
5.____________ n.十年；十年期
6.____________ adv.在别处；去别处
7.____________ vt.发表(作品)；出版
precious
fee
hire
faraway
decade
elsewhere
publish
8.____________ vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
9.____________ vt.& vi.(__________，________)咬；叮；蜇 n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
10.____________ n.眼泪；泪水
11.____________ n.绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
12.____________ n.收入；收益
13.____________ adv.因此；所以
whisper
bite
bit
bitten
tear
despair
income
therefore
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.____________ adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程；少校
→____________ n.大部分；大多数
2.____________ vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→___________ n.抱怨；投诉
3.____________ vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→____________ n.反应；回答；回复
4.____________ vt.任命；委派→____________ adj.约定的；指定的→____________ n.约会；任命；委任
major
majority
complain
complaint
respond
response
appoint
appointed
appointment
5.____________ vt.选举；推选→____________ n.选举；推选；当选
6.____________ vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→____________ n.趋势；趋向
7.____________ vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→____________ adj.退休的→__________ n.退休
8.____________ vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→____________ adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→____________ adj.吓人的；恐怖的
elect
election
tend
tendency
retire
retired
retirement
scare
scared
scary
9.____________ adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→____________ adv.急剧地；严厉地→____________ vt.削尖；磨快；使提高
10.____________ n.精力；活力；能量→__________ adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
11.____________ n.& vt.伤害；损害→__________ adj.有害的→____________ adv.有害地→____________ adj.无害的
12.____________ adj.灵活的；可变通的→____________ adv.灵活地→____________ n.灵活性
sharp
sharply
sharpen
energy
energetic
harm
harmful
harmfully
harmless
flexible
flexibly
flexibility
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.________________易于做某事；往往会发生某事
2.________________处于绝望中
3.________________去世
4.________________作为对……的纪念
5.________________流着泪；含着泪
tend to do sth
in despair
pass away
in memory of
in tears
6.trip over　　　　　　 ________________
7.carry sb through sth ___________________
8.a great deal (of) ________________
9.moral dilemma ________________
被……绊倒
帮助某人渡过难关
大量
道德困境
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
As far as I’m concerned，there is ___________________________
____________________________ before my classmates.(心理描写)
就我而言，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。
nothing better than being
praised by my teacher
2.句型公式：不定式短语作后置定语
I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only ___________________________________ but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(人物介绍)
我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
the first Chinese to go to space
3.句型公式：无灵主语句
________________________________________________________，
which drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.
(活动介绍)
上周日，我们学校举行了一场非同寻常的越野赛跑，引起了全校师生的注意。
Last Sunday saw an extraordinary cross-country running race
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.In the last ____________ (十年)，advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
2.It was quite beyond me how such a big family could live on such a small ____________ (收入).
3.The names of the winners of the competition will be ____________ (公布) in June.
decade
income
published
4.To keep it secret，she leaned over and w____________ something in my ear.
5.I would appreciate it if you could give us some p____________ advice on how to improve our English.
hispered
recious
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Being addicted to computer games is definitely ____________ (harm) to people’s health.
2.We received a number of ______________ (complain) from our customers about the lack of parking facilities.
3.It was a ____________ story and children were __________ to death when they heard it.(scare)
4.The teacher simplified the question，but still failed to get a ____________ (respond) from any of the students.
harmful
complaints
scary
scared
response
5.You should phone his secretary if you want to make an _______________ (appoint).
6.There is a growing ____________ (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
7.As the old saying goes，“A workman must ____________ (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
8.The most ____________ (energy) and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
appointment
tendency
sharpen
energetic
Ⅲ.短语填空
tend to；pass away；trip over；in tears
1.The moment he caught sight of his mother，the little boy stood there，looking at his mother ________________.
2.It took him quite a while to be used to living along after his parents ________________.
3.He tried to follow Jack’s footsteps in the snow and ________________ on a stone.
4.When we are under stress，our bodies ____________ tense up.
in tears
passed away
tripped over
tend to
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten 1.________________ an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this，her first response was 2.__________________(conduct) first aid，but a passer-by whispered to her “Think twice”.She was in a moral dilemma.After a short
when
to conduct
3.____________(hesitate)，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and complained about this 4.____________ fear of a blackmail (敲诈).Li Hua became scared.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf?.Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts 5.____________(flash) through her mind，she was almost in
hesitation
for
flashing
despair，and therefore could not sleep 6.________________ midnight. Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 7._______________(precious) than life How can you reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s mother waiting in front of her classroom.She thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her
until
more precious
tension 8.________________(replace) with pride.Maybe it was that inner sense of responsibility 9.____________ made Li Hua get 10.__________ (promote) and make contributions in her career as a doctor decades later.
was replaced
that
promoted
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3写作迁移
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应 (response n.回答;回复;反应)
佳句背诵　
He was smiling and responding in pride,looking back at her as if to say,“You got that right.”(语言+动作描写)
他微笑着,自豪地回应,回头看着她,好像在说:“你说得对。”
respond to　　　　 对……做出回应或反应;答复
in response to 对……的答复;对……做出反应
make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Greatly surprised by her 　　　　　　　　　(respond),I left with a mixture of gratitude,humility,respect and shame.
②Every time I asked him for advice, .(人物介绍)
每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。
response
he would respond to/
make a response to me immediately
教考衔接　单句写作
③I am writing 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”.(建议信;2023·北京卷)
我写信是为了回应你上一封信,在信中你要我就如何策划一个以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动提供建议。
in response to your last letter
2.appoint vt.任命;委派(appointment n.约会;任命;预约;委任 appointed adj.约定的;指定的)
佳句背诵　
Learning that he was appointed as head of the team,he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house.(动作描写)
他在得知自己被任命为队长后,难掩激动之情,手舞足蹈地进了屋。
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
make/have an appointment (with sb) (与某人)约会/预约
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I have something urgent to handle and therefore,I will appoint my brother 　　　　　　　 (meet) you at the airport.
②Learning that
the student council, I sincerely congratulate you.(祝贺信)
得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。
to meet
you have been appointed as/to be chairman of
教考衔接　单句写作
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
but I’m so sorry that I can’t keep my promise.(道歉信;2021·北京卷)
我们曾约定这个周末一起外出,但很抱歉我无法遵守诺言了。
We have made/had an appointment to go out this weekend
3.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于(tendency n.趋势;趋向)
佳句背诵　
During traditional festivals,Chinese people tend to gather with their families,sharing meals and stories.(节日介绍)
在传统节日期间,中国人往往与家人团聚,共享美食和故事。
tend to do... 倾向于做……;往往做……
tend to sb/sth 照料;照管;护理
have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①She has a 　　　　　　(tend) to overthink small details.
②Whenever my little sister feels sick,　　　　　 　　　　　　.
每当我妹妹生病时,妈妈都会照料她。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③If a pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend
　　　　　　(produce) stretched and soft meows.(2024·全国甲卷)
tendency
my mother tends to her
to produce
片段巩固　用respond;appoint;tend完成心理描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:小组活动中老师任命我为组长→起初很紧张,不知道同学们会如何回应我的想法→他们非常支持我→我往往会自然地承担起责任→我们一起成功地完成了这个项目
During our group work,the teacher appointed me as the leader.I was nervous at first because I didn’t know how my classmates would respond to my ideas.However,they were very supportive,and I tended to take on responsibility naturally.Together,we finally completed the work successfully.
4.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的;恐怖的)
佳句背诵　
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us,I was nearly scared to death.(心理描写)
当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候,我几乎要吓死了。
scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
scare (...) away (把……)吓跑
be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①After watching a 　　　　　　(scare) film in the cinema,she was scared 　　　　　walking home alone.
②Having realized my mistake,I bowed my head timidly,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.(心理描写)
意识到自己的错误后,我胆怯地低下了头,不敢看父亲那阴郁的脸色。
scary
of
scared to look at my father’s cloudy face
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,scare 　　　　　　　any dangerous animals or look for shelter.(2024·全国甲卷)
away
5.assist vt.帮助;援助 (assistance n.帮助;援助 assistant n.助手;助理)
佳句背诵　
In response to your last letter,I make sure that I will assist you with your oral English.Firstly,I will assist you to correct your pronunciation.(建议信)
作为对你上封信的回复,我保证会在英语口语方面帮助你。首先,我会帮你纠正你的发音。
assist sb to do sth 　　　 　 帮助某人做某事
assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop
　　　　　　　　who came to my 　　　　　　　　when I fainted in your shop.(assist)
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I will make full preparations for the meeting.(感谢信)
在你的帮助下,我将为会议做好充分的准备。
assistant
assistance
With your assistance
教考衔接　单句写作
③Whether it’s helping classmates with their studies,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,or volunteering for community services,Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand.
(人物介绍;2023·天津3月卷)
无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师完成课堂任务,还是志愿参加社区服务,张健总会伸出援助之手。
assisting a teacher with classroom duties
6.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的;不致伤害的)
佳句背诵　
I cupped my hand over the phone,whispering to her that I meant no harm.(动作描写)
我用手捂住电话,低声告诉她我没有恶意。
do sb harm/do harm to sb 　　 对某人有害
There is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事无害处
be harmful to 对……有害
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①As we all know,a bad eating habit is 　　　　　　(harm) to one’s health.
②众所周知,吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
→It is known to us that eating too much junk food
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(harm n.)
→It is known to us that eating too much junk food
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(harmful)
harmful
does harm to our health
is harmful to our health
教考衔接　单句写作
③Being addicted to online games 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
our physical and mental health.Therefore,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　. (现象介绍;2021·全国乙卷)
沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此,戒掉它没有害处。
is harmful to/does harm to
there is no harm in getting rid of it
7.a great deal (of)大量
佳句背诵　
The movie which was adopted from a science fiction has been attracting a great deal of attention.
这部电影改编自一部科幻小说,吸引了大量关注。
(1)a great/good deal of “许多的;大量的”,只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great/good many (of)。
(2)a great deal用作名词短语时,意为“大量;许多”,作主语或者宾语。
(3)a great/good deal用作副词短语时,可修饰形容词或副词比较级来加强程度,也可以作状语修饰动词。
以练促学　对比填空(a great deal/a great deal of)/单句写作
①But Robert told all the boys that Henry was a coward,and they laughed at him 　　　　　　　　.
②Typically,fishing is a hobby which calls for
patience.
③Emily
learning foreign languages,and she started practicing French and Spanish every day.(情绪描写)
艾米莉对学习外语更加热情,并开始每天练习法语和西班牙语。
a great deal
a great deal of
was a great/good deal more enthusiastic about
教考衔接　单句写作
④Although David ran 　　　　　　　　　　　slower than the other kids,he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 kids couldn’t resist applauding him.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多,他还是成功到达终点线,脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子都情不自禁地为他鼓掌。
a great/good deal
A good/great many (of)
片段巩固　用scare;assist;harm;a great deal完成场景描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:学校郊游中突然的雷暴雨让大家受到了惊吓→老师迅速帮助我们到安全的地方→保持冷静在避免伤害中起到了很大的作用→尽管天气很吓人,我们还是安全地返回了学校
During the school trip,a sudden thunderstorm scared everyone much.Our teacher quickly assisted us to a safe place.Staying calm helped a great deal in preventing any harm,and we all returned to school safely despite the scary weather.
1.sharp / ɑ p/ adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的;敏锐的;尖刻的;剧烈的;急转的(生义) adv.整点地(生义)
①He exposed his sharp teeth,glaring at us as he ran forward.
　　　　　
②Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age.
　　　　　
③After running for an hour,she felt a sharp pain in her side,which forced her to stop and rest for a while.　　　　　
adj.锋利的
adj.敏锐的
adj.剧烈的
④She planned to unlock the shop at 8:00 sharp this morning.
　　　　　
⑤All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear.　　　　　
⑥The road ahead has a sharp turn,so drivers need to slow down and be cautious to avoid accidents.　　　　　
adv.整点地
adj.明显的
adj.急转的
2.reject /r d ekt/ vt. 拒绝接受;不录用;排斥(生义)
①I’ve been rejected by all the universities I applied to.　　　　　
②There is always a chance that the body will reject the transplant.
　　　　　
③Despite the student’s effort to persuade the teacher,she had to reject his excuse for missing the homework deadline.　　　　　
不录用
排斥
拒绝接受
3.operation / p re n/ n. 手术;企业;经营;活动;行动(生义)
①Following the earthquake,a large-scale rescue operation was launched.　　　　　
②After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and swallow.
　　　　　
③The new operation opened last month and has already attracted many customers due to its excellent service and products.
　　　　　
行动
手术
企业
4.faint /fe nt/ vi. 昏倒;晕厥 adj. 不清楚的;微弱的;可能性不大的(生义)
①His breathing became faint.　　　　　
②There is still a faint hope that she may be cured.
　　　　　　　　　　　
③The sight of blood made him so anxious that he fainted on the spot,causing concern among his friends.　　　　　　　
adj.微弱的
adj.可能性不大的
vi.昏倒;晕厥
5.illustrate / l stre t/ vt. (举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图
To illustrate① the importance of teamwork,our teacher told us a story about a group of ants working together.She also showed us a book she illustrated② herself,adding beautiful drawings to explain the story further.This really helped us understand how working together can achieve great results.
①vt.(举例)说明;阐明　②vt.给(书或文章)加插图
1.句型公式:“否定词+比较级”表示最高级
课本原句:To a person nothing is more precious than their life.
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。
佳句背诵　
To us,nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble.(主旨升华句)
对我们来说,没有什么比向身处困境中的人们传递善意更重要的了。
“否定词+比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no、no one、not、never、nothing、nobody等。
以练促学　单句写作/一句多译
①
than him before.(否定词+比较级)
我以前从未遇到过比他更善良的人。
②我们确实相信你是最适合这个比赛的。
→We do believe that
for this competition.(最高级)
→We do believe that there is
for this competition.(否定词+比较级)
I have never met a more kind-hearted person
you are the most suitable
no one more suitable than you
教考衔接　单句写作
③“I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　!”
the mother responded excitedly.(语言描写;2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐!”妈妈激动地回答道。
④There was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 having to run a whole mile. (心理描写;2024·浙江1月卷)
她最害怕的事情莫过于不得不跑完整整一英里。
have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one
nothing she feared more than
2.句型公式:无灵主语句
课本原句:The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
中华人民共和国成立后,林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。
佳句背诵　
Unfortunately,as economy advances,recent years have seen the oceans being polluted seriously.(环境保护;2022·全国甲卷)
不幸的是,随着经济的发展,近年来海洋受到了严重污染。
(1)see意为“见证;目睹;经历”时,常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语,表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
(2)与see用法相同的动词有find、witness、experience、wash等,这些词在句中作谓语,用物作主语时,表示一种拟人的修辞手法,以增添语言色彩,使表达更形象。
以练促学　英汉翻译
①The past few decades have witnessed the sharp development of our country,together with many historic achievements.
②Morning found Christie knitting by the window.
③国庆节期间人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。(see)
过去的几十年我们国家飞速发展,取得许多历史性成就。
清晨,克里斯蒂坐在窗边织毛衣。
National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the streets.
教考衔接　单句写作
④To my surprise,Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me.“Just keep your promise,Sir.”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
(动作+心理描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
令我惊讶的是,冈特毫不犹豫地写下他的电话号码并给了我。“只要您遵守承诺,先生。”一股感激之情涌上我的心头。
A feeling of gratitude washed over me
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　单元知识运用
1.　　　　　 response to the growing concerns about pollution,the school started a campaign to reduce waste and encourage recycling.
2.They appointed Emma 　　　　　　　　(organize) the school play,knowing she had a talent for directing and managing events.
3.People tend 　　　　　　(be) more productive in the morning when they are well-rested and focused.
In
to organize
to be
4.The boy was scared 　　　　　　(ride) the roller coaster,but his friends encouraged him,and he ended up enjoying it.
5.The teacher assisted the students 　　　　　　　　(complete) the science experiment by explaining each step carefully and providing guidance.
6.Eating too much junk food can be 　　　　(harm) to your health, leading to obesity and other serious conditions.
to ride
to complete
harmful
7.This year’s summer vacation is a great deal 　　　　　　(short) than last year’s,which means students have less time to relax.
8.Nothing could be 　　　　　　　　(exciting) than winning first place in the school competition.
9.The empty classroom 　　　　　　　　(witness) the quiet afternoons,waiting for the students to return from their break.
10.The sun 　　　　　　(set) behind the hills,the campers prepared for a peaceful night under the stars.
shorter
more exciting
witnessed
setting
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, she realized it was sour,so she decided not to eat the rest.
咬了一口苹果后,她发现它很酸,所以决定不吃剩下的部分了。
2.Her friends 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 after she lost her job, always offering support and encouragement.
在她失业后,她的朋友们一直给予她支持和鼓励,帮助她渡过了难关。
After taking a bite of the apple
carried her through the tough times
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,technology has advanced rapidly, changing the way students learn and interact with each other.
在过去的十年里,技术迅速发展,改变了学生学习和相互交流的方式。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　,feeling as if all his hard work had been for nothing.
他感到绝望,觉得自己所有的努力都白费了。
In the past decade
He was in despair
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 after the break,ready to tackle the challenges of the afternoon classes.
休息过后,学生们精力充沛,准备迎接下午课程的挑战。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 when she read the heartfelt letter from her best friend.
当她读到来自她最好的朋友的真挚信件时,她泪流满面。
The students felt energetic
She was in tears
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as she waited for the exam results to be announced.
在她等待考试结果公布时,她紧张地咬着嘴唇。
8.The temperature 　　　　　　　　　　　 overnight,leading to a cold and frosty morning.
气温在一夜之间急剧下降,导致早晨寒冷结霜。
She bit her lip nervously
dropped sharply
9.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 on the path and nearly fell,but she caught herself just in time.
她被小路上的一块石头绊到,差点摔倒,但及时稳住了自己。
10.　　　　　　　　　　　　 the new student was a genius,having skipped several grades in her previous school.
有人私下说新来的学生是个天才,她在以前的学校跳过了好几个年级。
She tripped over a rock
It was whispered that
维度三　单元话题写作(人物介绍——值得尊敬和爱戴的人)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.说到我最尊敬的人,我首先想到的是我的英语老师——王老师。
(不定式作后置定语)
2.她是一位热心、敬业的老师,把我们当作她的孩子一样照顾和教导。
(定语从句;tend)
When it comes to the person I respect most,the first one to come into my mind is my English teacher Miss Wang.
She is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher,who tends and instructs us as if we were her children.
3.她有着灵活的教学方法。当我在英语学习中遇到问题时,她会耐心地倾听我,并帮助我克服困难。(flexible)
4.作为十几岁的学生,我们有时候会陷入迷茫和绝望的境地。
(where引导定语从句;in despair)
She has a flexible teaching method.When I encounter problems in English learning,she listens to me patiently and explains them carefully,helping me overcome the difficulties.
As teenage students,we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair.
5.每当我们遇到困难时,总是她带我们度过艰难的时期。
(强调句式;carry sb through)
6.她赢得了我们所有学生的尊敬,在我们心中她是最美的老师。
(否定词+比较级)
Whenever we are in trouble,it is always she who carries us through the tough period.
She has won great respect from all us students and in our mind,no one is more beautiful than her.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
The Person I Respect
When it comes to the person I respect most,the first one to come into my mind is my English teacher Miss Wang.Firstly,she is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher,who tends and instructs us as if we were her children.Additionally,she has a flexible teaching method. When I encounter problems in English learning,she listens to me
patiently and explains them carefully,helping me overcome the difficulties.Furthermore,as teenage students,we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair.Whenever we are in trouble,it is always she who carries us through the tough period. Therefore,she has won great respect from all us students and in our mind,no one is more beautiful than her.
读 写 素 养 培 优
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 crucial adj.关键的 nearby adv.附近
instantly adv.立刻 effectively adv.有效地
quickly adv.迅速地 test v.考验
react v.做出反应 value n.价值观
bravery n.勇敢
词 块 handle the situation 处理情况
take over接手 medical help医疗救援
靓 句 1.Halfway through the exam,a classmate of mine suddenly fainted,creating a moment of panic among the students.
考试进行到一半时,我的一位同学突然晕倒了,这在学生中造成了一阵恐慌。
2.He rushed to her side,provided first aid,and reassured everyone while signaling for the teacher’s assistance.
他冲到她身边,提供了急救,并在向老师求助的同时安抚了大家。
3.Tom’s actions not only helped our classmate but also inspired all of us to give a willing hand to those in need.
汤姆的行动不仅帮助了我们的同学,而且激励了我们所有人在他人需要时伸出援手。
2.场景片段训练(助人为乐的Tom)
During an important examination in our school,an incident
①　　　　　　　　　　 (考验我们价值观).Halfway through the exam,a classmate of mine ②　　　　　　　　　　 (突然晕倒), creating a moment of panic among the students.However,Tom,who was seated nearby,③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (立刻做出了反应).④　　　　　　　　　　 (他冲到她身边),provided first aid,and
tested our values
suddenly fainted
reacted instantly
He rushed to her side
reassured everyone while signaling for the teacher’s assistance.His quick thinking and bravery were crucial in ⑤ (有效处理情况).The teacher ⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (很快接手),and medical help arrived quickly.Tom’s actions not only helped our classmate
⑦ (而且激励了我们所有人在他人需要时伸出援手).
handling the
situation effectively
soon took over
but also inspired all of us to give a willing hand to those in need
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2023·全国甲卷阅读C)
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World.It was full of ideas that were new to me,so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college.Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault,Baudrillard,or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express:In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy.It is not an explanation,but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer,and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This,more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences,and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history,and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun,sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire,loneliness,and aging.The invitation is clear:Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I encourage you to take his offer.It’s worth your time,even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了哲学著作《苏格拉底快车》。该书语言幽默,通俗易懂,却能让读者深层次地思考日常生活中的欲望、孤独和衰老等哲学问题。
28.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A.Foucault. B.Eric Weiner.
C.Jostein Gaarder. D.A college teacher.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段首句和第一段尾句可知,Jostein Gaarder的《苏菲的世界》把作者带进了一个哲学的世界。故Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了哲学大门,故选C项。
√
29.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
解析　推理判断题。通读第四段,特别是该段尾句可知,在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后,作者指出,《苏格拉底快车》不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。据此可以推知,作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书,故选D项。
√
30.What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A.Its views on history are well-presented.
B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C.It includes comments from readers.
D.It leaves an open ending.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的首句可知,《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书,它因通俗易懂而吸引读者,并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。结合常识可以推知,《苏格拉底快车》的思想可以用于日常生活中,故选B项。
√
31.What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A.Objective and plain.
B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow.
D.Humorous and straightforward.
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段的“he does so with plenty of humor”及尾段第一句可知,《苏格拉底快车》因语言幽默且通俗易懂而吸引读者,并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知,Weiner的书幽默且易懂,故选D项。
√
思维建模
推理判断题——评价人物/事物
在高考英语阅读理解题中,常出现对文本中的相关人物及事物的评价,我们称之为评价题。解答此类题,需要结合文本对人物/事物的描述,从而对人物/事物的特征作出合理的评价。
以例示法(如31题)
揣摩推敲出答案
一找:根据题干关键词Weiner’s book可定位原文最后一段;
二理(理解关键句字面意义):《苏格拉底快车》因语言幽默且通俗易懂而吸引读者,并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。
三评(评价图书):Weiner的书幽默且易懂。
四比(比较各选项):选D。
积阅读单词
Para.1:philosophy n.哲学;
Para.4:scene n.场景;context n.背景;
Para.5:interpretation n.解释,诠释;
Para.6:simplicity n.简单;desire n.欲望
垒主题词块
Para.1:world of philosophy哲学世界;Para.2:love for philosophy对哲学的热爱;Para.4:train ride between cities乘火车穿梭于城市之间;learn to use philosophy学会运用哲学;Para.5:philosophical thought哲学思想;quality of our experiences体验的质量;
important philosophers in history历史上重要的哲学家
析长难语句
Para.4:The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer,and have no regrets like Nietzsche.
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为主系表结构;which引导定语从句,修饰先行词read。
[尝试翻译]　
[语言赏析]　这句话通过排比等修辞手法,精炼总结了该书的核心内容,并展示了哲学思维在实际生活中的应用。通过提及知名哲学家,增强了句子的吸引力和权威性,几个动作的表达方式则确保了信息传递的清晰性与直接性。
(读这本书的)最终结果是,我们学会像苏格拉底那样思考,像梭罗那样观察,像叔本华那样倾听,像尼采那样无怨无悔。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·连云港高三模拟)
Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards.Ten years ago,she and her family moved to a new home in Austin,Texas.
One day,Kristin tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting a party.She bought a few picnic tables but the delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake.“After the party,I painted the table turquoise—my favorite color—and put it in the front yard,just a few feet from the sidewalk,” she says.
That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out.They played games,did crafts and ate snacks.“We got intentional about where we spent our time,” Kristin says.“We became ‘front yard people’.”
Neighbors began to stop by to introduce themselves and sit down for a chat.Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard too.A movement was born.“It was a simple way to slow down and connect with others,” she says.The turquoise table was inviting and had a shared feel.
People often hesitate to invite others into their homes.They think their house is too messy,it’s not big enough or they don’t have enough time.“Our perfectionism can cause us to miss out on the joy of connecting with others,” Kristin says.Her picnic table takes away the excuses—and the pressure.
She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward easing loneliness and building relationships in her community.“People’s greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they belong,”she says.
A decade after their Texas beginnings,thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world.Not all of them are actually turquoise.“No matter what color it is,it’s a friendship table,” Kristin says.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯汀·谢尔在前院放置的一张青绿色餐桌使她加强了与邻居乃至陌生人的友好联系,也激励了更多人参与到这场社交的运动之中。
1.Why did Kristin Schell start the movement
A.To host more parties in her front yard.
B.To entertain her friends and neighbors.
C.To engage with people in the neighbourhood.
D.To create harmonious communities worldwide.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段、第二段的第一句以及第四段中的“It was a simple way...connect with others”可知,克里斯汀·谢尔发起这项运动的目的是与邻居接触,故选C项。
√
2.Which of the following words best describe Kristin Schell according to the text
A.Creative and sociable. B.Friendly and humorous.
C.Generous and ambitious. D.Cautious and responsible.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘After the party...from the sidewalk,’she says.”以及后文Kristin后来发起了“绿松石桌”运动可知,克里斯汀有创造性。再根据第四段中的“Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.”可知,克里斯汀是一个热情、好交际的人,故选A项。
√
3.What can be inferred from the text
A.People don’t like others to step into their houses.
B.The campaign has a big impact at home and abroad.
C.Kristin Schell bought the turquoise table to host a party.
D.People feel unwilling to join in the front yard chat at first.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A decade after their Texas beginnings...around the world.”可知,这场运动在国内外都产生了巨大的影响,故选B项。
√
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Love Your Neighbors
B.An Amazing Woman
C.Happy Front Yard Time
D.Tables Where All Are Welcome
解析　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述克里斯汀·谢尔因为在前院偶然放置的一张青绿色餐桌,与邻居和陌生人建立了联系,也影响了全世界的很多人。因此D项“欢迎所有人的桌子”可作为本文的最佳标题,故选D项。
√
(2025·杭州高三质量检测)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question,we need to ask a further question:What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity,people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm.In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note,when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要通过论述两种关于原谅的观点告诉读者原谅他人的能力是可以通过实践练习提升。
5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“In his opinion, forgivers are compromising...who might then take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕者在宽恕他人的时候也在损害自己的幸福,而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们,故选D项。
√
6.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A.To forgive is to love. B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow. D.To give is to receive.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知,支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推出,作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配就是伤害”,故选B项。
√
7.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A.Favorable. B.Reserved. C.Objective. D.Skeptical.
解析　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies...Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people”和最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知,作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨,恢复和谐,打破愤怒的循环,治愈关系,将人们再次联系在一起,且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知,作者对原谅持支持的态度,故选A项。
√
8.What is the message of the last paragraph
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily... develops with practice.”可知,作者认为人们不一定生来就有原谅的能力,但都可以学习并提升这一能力,并随实践而发展。由此可知,本段主要说明学会原谅需要实践,故选C项。
√
(2025·南京师大附中高三模拟)
On Monday,a lawsuit (诉讼) in the US got huge headlines around the world.It deals with a truly 21st century issue—whether human genes (基因) may be patented.
Myriad Genetics,a biotechnology company,discovered two genes—BRCA 1 and BRCA 2—that are highly related to breast cancer.Myriad patented its discoveries and a group of researchers challenged that the patent was illegal.
The US patent law protects the temporary economic rewards inventors get from their inventions.But it also says a product of nature or a law of nature can’t be patented.For example,Einstein couldn’t patent on his discovery of E=mc2.
And until relatively recently,many of the medical researchers voluntarily gave up patents on their inventions.When Dr.Jonas Salk,the inventor of the polio vaccine (小儿麻痹症疫苗),was asked in 1955 whether he had a patent on the vaccine,he replied,“Could you patent the sun ”
Myriad Genetics,however,says that the genes it identified are not like the sun.It notes that there are 20,000 genes in the human body and that it has sorted through all those genes and found the two that are closely related to breast cancer.
Not so,say those challenging the patent.Human genes are products of nature.They are just a part of the human body.“All Myriad does is take the part out of the body,” says the challengers’ lawyer,Christopher Hansen.“Can the person who first takes the heart out of the body patent on hearts ”
Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth.“At some level it is about money,” he says,“because medicine doesn’t happen for free.The patent system is very important to encourage companies to spend more money on scientific research and development.”
Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation Most countries approve patents on genes,but they also allow other scientists to use the genes freely to do research and develop new medicines and testing methods.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了Myriad Genetics是否应该申请专利保护其新发现的致癌基因的问题。
9.Which of the following can be patented according to the US patent law
A.The law of gravity force.
B.A unique orbit found in space.
C.A new medicine based on BRCA 1.
D.The basic working principle of planes.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The US patent law...nature can’t be patented.”可推知,基于BRCA 1的新药应该可以申请专利,故选C项。
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10.What is Christopher Hansen’s argument against the patent
A.A product of nature can’t be patented.
B.Public interests should be put before profits.
C.It is unacceptable to the other countries in the world.
D.The connection between genes and cancers is not obvious.
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Not so,say those challenging the...a part of the human body.”可知,Christopher Hansen 反对的依据是基因BRCA 1及BRCA 2是已经存在的自然物,所以不能申请专利,故选A项。
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11.What does the underlined phrase “down to earth” in paragraph 7 mean
A.Angry. B.Rude. C.Smart. D.Practical.
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“At some level...on scientific research and development.”可知,Rochelle Dreyfuss的说辞一点都不“高大上”,而是十分务实的:新药研发要花钱;公司能获利才会有投资科研的动力。故画线词意思是“实际的”,故选D项。
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12.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The consequences of the lawsuit.
B.Other countries’ solution to the case.
C.The public reactions to the news.
D.Some scientists’ support for the patent.
解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段的主题句“Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation ”可知,最后一段主要讲了其他国家的解决方案,故选B项。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·湖北高三联考)
Life isn’t fair.Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet.Well,it might seem like a magical power,but in fact there are a number of factors at work.　1　 The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.
But first,the bad news.People initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance.With just a glimpse of a face,people make snap judgments about each other’s likeability,trustworthiness and confidence.How should we deal with this 　2　 People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.It sounds like common sense,doesn’t it Smile and others will smile with you.
What other tricks might we have 　3　 Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to:raise our eyebrows quickly,tilt (倾斜) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.
So we’ve looked at body language,but of course what you say is hugely important too,unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly.The golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves,they’re going to like you.In other words,you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.　4　
Finally,finding common ground is good for forming a connection. Charming people are particularly skilled at seeking out shared interests or experiences to bond with others.Simple things like asking where someone’s from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common.And if all else fails,you can fall back on that most British of topics:the weather.　5　
A.It can be a nice start of a conversation.
B.Instead,you need to show interest in them.
C.There’s one incredibly simple tool:your smile.
D.So,can you learn to develop superhuman charm
E.What good tricks can we employ to become charming
F.Shared interests are the key to making connections with others.
G.Our brains often survey the environment for friend or enemy signals.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四种让人变得有吸引力的方法。
1.D　[空后的“The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.”表明空后应是对上文的回答,且根据回答内容“yes,you can”可知,空处应是一般疑问句,且主语是you,故选D项。]
2.C　[空前问到“How should we deal with this ”,故空处应该是对这个问题的回答。再结合空后的“People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.”以及“Smile and others will smile with you.”可知,处理这种情况的方法就是微笑,故选C项“有一个非常简单的工具:你的微笑”。]
3.G　[根据空后的“Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are...tilt(仰起) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.”可知,我们可以做三件事来表明自己没有威胁:快速抬眉,微微歪头,并且再次微笑。因此对方是通过这些信息来判断我们是敌是友的。故G项“我们的大脑经常观察周围环境来获取友好或敌意的信号”符合语境。]
4.B　[空前讲你不应该谈论你自己和你所有的令人赞叹的成就,故空处应讲述你应该怎么做。B项“相反,你需要对他们表现出兴趣”承接上文,与空前呈转折关系,符合语境。]
5.A　[空前讲如果其他一切都失败了,你就可以借助于最英式的话题:天气。空处应该讲这样做的好处,故A项“这可能是一段谈话的一个很好的开始”符合语境。A项中的It指代空前的the weather。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:movement n.运动;community n.社区;Para.2:delivery n.送货;Para.3:craft n.手工艺;snack n.小吃
B Para.1:dominance n.优势,显著,支配地位;aggressive adj.好斗的,挑衅的;Para.3:integrity n.完整,完全;耿直,正直诚实;hatred n.仇恨,憎恨,厌恶;Para.4:perspective n.态度,观点,思考方法
C Para.1:headline n.头条新闻;Para.2:biotechnology n.生物技术;
patent n.专利;Para.3:temporary adj.临时的;economic adj.经济的;Para.4:vaccine n.疫苗
熟词生义 A Para.1:move　熟义:v.移动;生义:vt.搬家
B Para.1:compromise　熟义:v.妥协,让步;生义:v.损害
C Para.1:patent　熟义:n.专利权;生义:vt.取得……的专利权
词 块 积 累 A Para.2:host a party举办派对;Para.3:hang out待着;play games玩游戏;Para.4:stop by顺便来;sit down坐下来
B Para.1:for the sake of为了……起见;Para.2:fall apart破裂,崩溃
C Para.1:deal with处理;Para.4:give up放弃;Para.7:down to earth踏实的;务实的
长 难 句 式 A Para.1:Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。关系代词who引导定语从句修饰名词people;a movement of ordinary people作The Turquoise Table的同位语。
[译文]　克里斯汀·谢尔是“绿松石桌”运动的创始人,这是一场由普通人发起的运动,他们的目的是在自家前院创建社群。
长 难 句 式 C Para.7:Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。同位语a patent expert解释和说明Rochelle Dreyfuss的身份;关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词expert。
[译文]　与此案无关的专利专家罗歇尔·德雷福斯则更加务实。

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