资源简介

UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.physiology n.　　　 生理学;生理机能
2.artemisinin n. [药]青蒿素
3.malaria n. 疟疾
4.extract n. 提取物;摘录
vt. 提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
5.wormwood n. 蒿;洋艾
6.substance n. 物质;物品;事实根据
7.penicillin n. 青霉素;盘尼西林
8.relativity n. 相对论;相对性
9.formula n. 公式;方程式;配方
10.patent n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利
adj. 有专利的;受专利保护的
11.doctorate n. 博士学位
12.photoelectric adj. 光电的
13.institution n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗
14.institute n. (教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑
15.moustache n. 上唇的胡子;髭
16.peculiarity n. 个性;特点;怪异的性质
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.play a crucial role　　　 起着关键性的作用
2.vital skills for success 成功所必不可少的技能
3.an objective view 客观看法
4.the chemical properties of water 水的化学性质
5.boil water 烧水
6.overheat the liquid 使液体过热
7.obtain evidence 获得证据
8.defeat the champion 击败冠军
9.insist on the highest standards 坚持最高标准
10.depend mostly on weather 主要取决于天气
11.flee his homeland 逃离他的祖国
12.in certain circumstances 在一定条件下
13.flow chart 流程图
14.overcome numerous difficulties 战胜许多的困难
15.apply theory to practice 把理论应用于实践
16.a real genius 一个真正的天才
17.an extraordinary achievement 一项非凡的成就
18.encounter many difficulties 遇到许多困难
19.mourn its passing 哀悼它的消逝
20.a remarkable achievement 一项非凡的成就
21.the draft of my speech 我的演讲草稿
22.a water-saving device 一种节水装置
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.commit vt.　　　 承诺;保证
vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺
2.academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校
academic adj. 学业的;学术的
3.botanical adj. 植物学的
botany n. 植物学
4.evaluate vt. 评价;评估
evaluation n. 评价;评估
5.distinct adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
distinction n. 区别;差别
6.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
acknowledgement n. 承认,确认;感谢
7.analyse (NAmE-ze) vt. 分析
analysis (pl.analyses) n. 分析
8.apparently adv. 显而易见;看来;显然
apparent adj. 明显的,显而易见的
9.scientific adj. 科学(上)的;关于科学的
science n. 科学
scientist n. 科学家
10.conclusion n. 结论;推论
conclude vt. 断定;推断出
11.novel n. (长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;珍奇的
novelist n. 小说家
12.infer vt. 推断;推定
inference n. 推理,推论
13.found vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在
founder n. 创建者;创始人
foundation n. 创建;基金会
14.politician n. 从政者;政治家;政客
politics n. 政治(学)
political adj. 政治的
15.gradually adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
gradual adj. 逐渐的,渐增的
16.gentle adj. 温柔的;文静的
gently adv. 温柔地;温和地
gentleman n. 绅士;阁下;有教养的人
17.passion n. 酷爱;激情
passionate adj. 有激情的
18.consequence n. 结果;后果
consequent adj. 随之发生的;作为结果的
consequently adv. 结果;因此;所以
19.professor n. 教授
profession n. 职业,行业
professional adj. 职业的;专业的 n.专业人士
20.sum vi. 总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和
summary n. 归纳,总结
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.sum up　　　　　　 总结;概括
2.lead to 导致
3.come to power (开始)掌权;上台
4.insist on 坚决要求
5.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
6.take up a position 担任;任职
7.die from/of 死于
8.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
9.due to 由于,因为
10.as a consequence 因此
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.(be thought to)
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能挽救10万人的性命。
2.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(insist on doing...)
屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”(upon/on doing...)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
4.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(it作形式主语)
中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播,这确实是一种荣誉。
5.He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.(独立主格)
他为世界作出了许多贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-sion/-ssion表示性质或行为等
de→sion conclude→conclusion结论　　　decide→decision决定　　explode→explosion爆炸 divide→division分配;分割
d→sion expand→expansion扩张;增加　extend→extension延伸
去t→2个s+ion admit→admission准许加入;permit→permission允许;submit→submission提交;屈服
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
2.treat malaria治疗疟疾
3.a patent for a new invention新发明专利
4.a professor with a doctorate in education
拥有教育学博士学位的教授
5.a cultural peculiarity一种文化特点
6.a chemical substance一种化学物质
7.the theory of relativity相对论
8.an educational institution一家教育机构
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
2.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
3.defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
4.insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
5.mostly adv.主要地;一般地
6.flee vi.& vt.(fled,fled)迅速离开;逃跑
7.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
8.numerous adj.众多的;许多的
9.theory n.理论;学说
10.extraordinary adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
11.encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂逅;遭遇
12.mourn vt.& vi.哀悼;忧伤
13.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺
2.botany n.植物学→botanical adj.植物学的
3.evaluate vt.评价;评估→evaluation n.评价;评估
4.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n.区别;差别
5.apparent adj.明显的,显而易见的→apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然
6.science n.科学→scientist n.科学家→scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的
7.conclude vt.断定;推断出→conclusion n.结论;推论
8.novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;珍奇的→novelist n.小说家
9.infer vt.推断;推定→inference n.推理,推论
10.found vt.创建;建立;把……建立在→founder n.创建者;创始人→foundation n.创建;基金会
11.gradual adj.逐渐的,渐增的→gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地
12.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的→gently adv.温柔地;温和地→gentleman n.绅士;阁下;有教养的人
13.passion n.酷爱;激情→passionate adj.有激情的
14.consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.结果;因此;所以→consequence n.结果;后果
15.sum vi.总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和→summary n.归纳,总结
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2.insist on坚决要求
3.come to power (开始)掌权;上台
4.take up a position 担任;任职
5.sum up总结;概括
6.due to由于,因为
7.lead to导致
8.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
9.as a consequence因此
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.be thought to被认为……
The new student in our class is thought to be very talented in mathematics.
我们班的新同学被认为在数学方面非常有天赋。
2.it作形式主语
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my honour to show you around Beijing when that day comes.
我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现,当那一天到来时,带你参观北京是我的荣幸。
3.upon/on doing... 一……就……
Upon/On returning to the country,they received praise and flowers.
他们一回国就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We have obtained (获得) permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
2.Chaplin,an extraordinary (非凡的) silent movie performer,starred in many outstanding comedies.
3.Every day of our lives we encounter (遇到) major or minor stresses of one kind or another.
4.There is nothing we can do to help Linda,whose circumstances (状况) are beyond our control.
5.Hearing the fire alarm,the frightened people fled in panic in all directions.
6.The Women’s Volleyball Team defeated its opponent and won another World Champion.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific (science) research.
2.We didn’t have enough money to pay for our bus fares,and in consequence (consequent) we had to walk.
3.Three professors were asked to make an evaluation (evaluate) of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers.
4.He made a passionate (passion) speech on the current situation of water shortage and appealed to all citizens to save water.
5.As is apparently (apparent) shown in the chart above,there are about 10% students supporting the idea.
6.Judging from his puzzled expression,we made inferences (infer) that he didn’t figure out what I said just now.
Ⅲ.短语填空
insist on;sum up;as a consequence;
take up a position;wear and tear;commit to
1.After running for so many years,the truck just shows little sign of wear and tear.
2.As a consequence,they can’t concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
3.To sum up,low price,easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.
4.Jerry took up a position as a salesman at a big company after graduation.
5.Committed to doing medical research,Tu Youyou is thought highly of by Chinese people.
6.My friend insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary and gentle woman genius,Madam Curie managed 1.to discover(discover) two kinds of radioactive elements,which were vital and crucial to physics.It was 2.widely(wide) acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1867.Distinct from other girls,she had a strong passion for science and 3.committed(commit) her whole life to scientific research.After 4.graduating(graduate) from high school,she took up 5.a position as a tutor.In 1891,she was admitted into the Academy of Paris,6.where she achieved great academic performances and as a consequence,she became the first woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances,she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende (沥青铀矿) 7.with the objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties.Apparently,they encountered numerous 8.failures(fail),but under no circumstances did the couple acknowledge defeat and they insisted on their ambition.Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied,the couple gradually drew a 9.conclusion(conclude) that Po and Ra did exist,which was soon spread throughout the world.In 1934,Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a 10.remarkable(remark) scientist.
对应学生用书P173
1.commit vt.承诺;保证;花(钱或时间) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
(committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺)
佳句背诵　
I strongly suggest you commit an hour a day to reading English,which can gradually improve your oral English.(建议信)
我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语,这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth to (doing) sth 将时间或金钱花在(做)某事上
commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
make a commitment 作出承诺
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He was so selfless that he was committed to doing(do) voluntary work to help people in need all the time.
②Emily committed herself to learning/learn how to play the piano,practicing every day for an hour.Despite finding it challenging at first,she gradually improved.
艾米丽承诺学习弹钢琴,每天练习一个小时。尽管起初觉得很有挑战性,但她逐渐进步了。
教考衔接　单句写作
③The rise of new energy vehicles reflects China’s commitment to sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions.(发言稿;2024·全国甲卷)
新能源汽车的兴起体现了中国对可持续发展和降低碳排放的承诺。
2.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢(acknowledgement n.承认,确认;感谢;收件复函)
佳句背诵　
I acknowledge my English teacher,without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.(感谢信)
我感谢我的英语老师,没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此大的进步。
acknowledge sb/sth as/to be... 认为某人/某物是……;承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
acknowledge that... 承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated (defeat) in the English speech competition,which made us quite depressed.
②It is universally/widely acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.(现象介绍)
大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义,而且充满激情。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Confucius is acknowledged as/to be one of the greatest ancient educators in China,who deeply influenced China throughout the history.(人物介绍;2023·全国甲卷)
孔子被认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一,他在整个历史进程中深深地影响了中国。
3.insist vt.& vi.坚持;坚决要求
佳句背诵　
She insisted on persuading me until I promised to give up this thought.(动作描写)
她坚持要说服我,直到我答应放弃这个想法。
insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/坚持(做)某事
insist作“坚决要求”讲时,后接宾语从句,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,should可省略;作“坚持认为”讲时,从句用陈述语气,根据需要选择相应的时态。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Jack insisted that he had completed (complete) his homework before going out to play.
②The coach insists that every player should practice for at least an hour every day,even when there is no upcoming match.
教练坚决要求每个球员每天都应该至少练习一个小时,即使没有即将到来的比赛。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Since I was touched by his generosity,I insisted that I at least buy him lunch as my appreciation.(人物描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
由于被他慷慨的行为所感动,我坚持要至少请他吃顿午饭以示感谢。
片段巩固 用commit;acknowledge;insist完成人物介绍的片段
人物介绍之写作提示:老师承诺帮助我们提高英语→承认我们在课上的努力→鼓励我们继续保持→她坚决要求我们定期参加课程→感受到她对我们进步的关心→她的奉献精神激励我们更加努力 Our teacher committed to helping us improve our English.She acknowledged our efforts in class and encouraged us to keep going.She insisted that we attend the sessions regularly.We could see how much she cared about our progress,and her dedication inspired us to work even harder.
4.conclusion n.结论;推论(conclude vt.断定;推断出)
佳句背诵　
I came to/reached/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands.(主旨升华)
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:用自己的双手劳动很重要。
in conclusion　　　　　 最后;总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出结论
conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束
to conclude 总之
conclude from... 从……中得出结论
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying “Where there is a will,there is a way.”
②After a long day of hiking,we concluded our trip by taking a group photo at the top of the mountain.(动作描写)
经过一天的徒步旅行后,我们在山顶拍了一张集体照,结束了我们的旅行。
教考衔接　单句写作
③In conclusion/To conclude,China’s 75 years of progress have been remarkable.From the early years of reconstruction to the modern era of innovation,China has transformed into a global leader.(现象介绍;2024·北京卷)
总的来说,中国75年的进步是显著的。从早期的重建年代到现代的创新时代,中国已经转变为一个全球领导者。
5.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
佳句背诵　
Given the unusual circumstance of heavy rain,the school decided to postpone the outdoor event until the weather improved.
(通知)鉴于下大雨的特殊情况,学校决定将户外活动推迟到天气好转后再进行。
under/in no circumstances 无论如何都不,决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此
if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许的话
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Even under/in the circumstances,he still spared no effort to improve himself.
②If circumstances permit/allow,I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.
如果情况允许的话,我会立即采取行动实现梦想。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Feeling deeply embarrassed by my careless mistake,I promised myself that under no circumstances would I allow such an error to happen again.(心理描写;2021·浙江1月卷)
由于对自己的粗心错误感到非常尴尬,我向自己承诺在任何情况下都不会再让这样的错误发生。
6.consequence n.结果;后果(consequent adj.作为结果的;随之发生的 consequently adv.因此)
佳句背诵　
I carelessly got the plan ruined,so I had to take the consequences.
我不小心把计划搞砸了,所以我必须承担后果。
以练促学　同义句转换
as a consequence=in consequence=consequently=as a result因此
as/in a consequence of=as a result of 因为……;由于……
take the consequences 承担后果
①My grandfather was under treatment in hospital,and consequently,I have to take care of him.
→My grandfather was under treatment in hospital,and as a consequence/in consequence,I have to take care of him.
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences (consequent).I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
7.take up a position担任;任职
佳句背诵　
She took up a position as a marketing manager after she graduated from university.
她从大学毕业后,就任市场经理一职。
take up　　　 拿起;占用,占据;开始从事;接受;继续
take apart 拆开
take down 放下;记下;拆除
take in 欺骗;吸收;理解
take off (飞机)起飞;(事业)腾飞;脱下
take on 呈现;雇用;承担
take over 接管;接替
以练促学　语段训练/单句写作
①Last weekend,my brother decided to take apart our old computer to see how it worked.He carefully took down the monitor.As he explained each part to me,I tried my best to take in the information.After a while,I took over and helped him put everything back together.
②After the long hike,she couldn’t wait to take off her muddy shoes and relax her tired feet,enjoying the cool breeze.(动作描写)
长途徒步后,她迫不及待地脱下泥泞的鞋子,放松疲惫的双脚,享受凉爽的微风。
教考衔接　单句写作
③I asked my parents to allow me to take up a piano lesson.In the beginning,it was quite difficult to read the notes.However,it did not discourage me.(短文投稿;2023·全国乙卷)
我请求父母允许我上钢琴课。一开始,阅读音符相当困难。然而,这并没有让我气馁。
片段巩固 用conclusion;circumstance;consequence;take up完成介绍小组学习的片段
小组学习之写作提示:讨论后得出结论:在某些情况下,集体学习更有效→互相帮助时,能更好地理解课程→如果不专心,其结果是可能会落后→接受了组织学习小组的挑战→确实有所帮助→成绩提高了→对自己的能力也更有信心了。 After a long discussion,we reached the conclusion that studying in groups is more effective under certain circumstances.When we help each other,we understand the lessons better.However,the consequence of not paying attention is that we might fall behind.Last week,some of us took up the challenge of organizing study sessions,and it really helped.As a result,our grades improved,and we became more confident in our abilities.
1.flow /fl / n.流;流动;流畅;供应(生义) vi.流;流动
①The river’s flow was steady and calm,reflecting the peacefulness of the surrounding nature.n.流动
②Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.n.流畅
③As we know,the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas.n.供应
④It’s here that the river flows down into the ocean.vi.流动
2.sum /s m/ vi.总结;概括 n.金额;款项(生义);总数;总和
①To sum up,there are three main ways of dealing with the present problem.vi.总结;概括
②It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.n.总数;总和
③A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.n.金额;款项
3.defeat /d fi t/ n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
①Last week our school defeated their school at football.vt.击败;战胜
②The world champion has only had two defeats in 20 fights.n.失败;挫败
4.draft /drɑ ft/ n.草稿;草案 vt.起草;草拟;选派;抽调(生义)
①She wrote the first draft of her essay,knowing she would need to revise it several times before submitting.n.草稿
②She hoped that Tom could be drafted to run the organization.vt.选派;抽调
③He was asked to draft a letter of recommendation for his classmate,highlighting their achievements and skills.vt.起草;草拟
5.objective / b d ekt v/ n.目标;目的 adj.客观的
①Scientists need to be objective when doing research.adj.客观的
②The main objective of the study group is to help students improve their understanding of complex topics.n.目标
6.obtain / b te n/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行(生义)
①After studying hard for weeks,Lily finally obtained first place in the math competition,which made her extremely proud.vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得
②She learned that some traditions still obtain in her school,like giving a special award to the top student.vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
1.句型公式:“upon/on doing” 意为“一……就……”
课本原句:Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
佳句背诵　
On arriving at the new school,he felt nervous but was quickly welcomed by his classmates who showed him around.(心理+动作描写)
当他到达新学校时他感到紧张,但很快就受到了同学们的欢迎,并带他四处参观。
(1)“upon/on+doing/n.”构成介词短语,用作时间状语,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生,依据语境可译作“当……时;一……就……;在……的时候”。
(2)其他表示“一……就……”的连词/句式有:
·as soon as+句子
·由名词短语构成的连词:the instant/moment/minute+句子
·由副词作连词:instantly/immediately/directly+句子
以练促学　一句多译
①我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。
→As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief. (as soon as)
→The instant/moment/minute my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(名词短语作连词)
→Immediately/Instantly/Directly my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(副词作连词)
教考衔接　单句写作
②Upon/On hearing the shot of the race,everyone just rushed forward;only a small thin body was staggering behind.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
一听到比赛的枪声,大家就都向前冲去,只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
2.句型公式:it作形式主语
课本原句:It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播,这确实是一种荣誉。
佳句背诵　
It is important for us to manage time wisely to balance schoolwork and activities.(建议信)
对我们说,明智地管理时间以平衡学业和活动是很重要的。
it作形式主语的常用句式:
(1)It be+名词短语+(for sb) to do sth
(2)It be+形容词+(of/for sb) to do sth
(3)It be+过去分词(said、thought、believed、supposed、reported...)+that从句
(4)It be+形容词(strange、important、vital、obvious、possible...)+that从句
(5)It be+名词短语(a pity、a shame、a fact、a good idea、no wonder...)+that从句
以练促学　同义句转换
①People generally believe that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
→It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.(it作形式主语)
②I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary for you to know about the table manners of China.
→I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.(It is+adj.+that...)
教考衔接　单句写作
③As high school students,it’s our responsibility/duty to protect the oceans,which are the lungs of our planet.(短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)
作为高中生,保护海洋是我们的责任,海洋是我们星球的肺。
维度一　单元知识运用
1.She has been committed to volunteering (volunteer) at the local animal shelter every weekend,believing that her efforts make a positive difference.
2.She acknowledged copying/having copied (copy) her friend’s homework but explained that she did it because she had been sick and couldn’t finish her work on time.
3.Despite the cold weather,he insists on jogging (jog) every morning at 6 am,believing that this routine helps him stay healthy.
4.In conclusion,teamwork is essential in any successful project.
5.She neglected her studies,and as a consequence,she failed several of her exams.
6.He decided to take up photography as a new hobby,spending weekends exploring the city to capture unique and interesting scenes.
7.It is a challenging task for students to finish (finish) all their assignments on time.
8.She is thought to be (be) one of the most talented musicians of her generation.
9.Upon/On receiving the scholarship,he immediately called his parents to share the good news.
10.His work completed (completed),he finally relaxed with a cup of tea,reflecting on the day’s accomplishments with satisfaction.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.Regular exercise is vital for maintaining health.
定期锻炼对于保持健康至关重要。
2.Many residents were forced to flee from their homes due to the wildfire.
许多居民因野火不得不逃离家园。
3.He has always had a passion for cooking,experimenting with new recipes and flavors.
他一直对烹饪充满热情,尝试新食谱和口味。
4.During their hike in the forest,they encountered a wild deer.
在森林徒步时,他们偶然遇到了一只野鹿。
5.To sum up,teamwork,clear communication,and dedication are key factors.
总之,团队合作、清晰沟通和奉献精神是关键因素。
维度三　单元话题写作(人物介绍——值得尊敬的人)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔,他终生致力于治愈病人的疾病。(be committed to;定语从句)
The person I respect most is my uncle,who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life.
2.在任何情况下,他都不会向困难屈服,也不会放弃他的病人。(circumstance)
Under no circumstances does he give in to difficulties or give up his patients.
3.自从他就职医生以来,他一直全心全意为病人服务。(take up a position)
Ever since he took up a position as a doctor,he has been serving all the patients heart and soul.
4.在他看来,帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。(it作形式主语)
In his opinion,it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses.
5.一听说患者急需帮助,他就会毫不犹豫地援助他们。(Upon/On doing...)
Upon/On hearing that patients are in need of help,he will come to their assistance without hesitation.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
We have a lot of respectable people around us.They may be our teachers,parents or one of our elders.As for me,the person I respect most is my uncle,who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life.
My uncle is determined and considerate,and under no circumstances does he give in to difficulties or give up his patients.Ever since he took up a position as a doctor,he has been serving all the patients heart and soul.In his opinion,it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses.Upon/On hearing that patients are in need of help,he will come to their assistance without hesitation.
This is my uncle whom I respect and love most.
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作者受到朋友的启发,对参与志愿者活动产生了浓厚的兴趣,并成功报名参加了前往美国西弗吉尼亚州加里市的志愿者旅行。在那里,作者参与了建设新学校的工作。尽管工作辛苦,但得到了周围人的鼓励和支持,收获了一段难忘的经历。之后,作者决定挑战自己,想参加一次国外的志愿者活动。作者的目的地是中美洲国家洪都拉斯的一个偏远村庄,想教那里的穷孩子科学。
场景续写1:
“我”迫切希望参与→与父母商量→他们一开始并没有同意→担心“我”在国外的安全以及“我”可能会面临的挑战→“我”理解他们的顾虑→向他们保证“我”已做好准备,并且会得到志愿者团队的支持→他们终于同意了→“我”感到如释重负
Eager to participate,I talked to my parents,but they didn’t say yes at first.　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
立刻开始为“我们”的科学教学做准备→收集资源,规划课程,并练习教学技巧→出发当天,“我们”满怀期待和冒险精神→抵达洪都拉斯时,“我们”受到了村民们的热情欢迎→孩子们渴望学习→他们的热情让“我们”的努力变得值得→他们教“我们”了解他们的文化和生活方式之美→这是一次互惠互利的经历→为“我们”所有人留下了难忘的回忆。
Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching.　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Eager to participate,I talked to my parents,but they didn’t say yes at first.They worried about my safety in a foreign country and the challenges I might face.I understood their concerns,but I was determined to make a difference.I assured them of my preparedness and the support I would have from the volunteer group.After much persuasion,they finally agreed,and I felt a sense of relief and excitement.
Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching.We gathered resources,planned lessons,and practiced our teaching techniques.On the day of departure,we were filled with anticipation and a sense of adventure.Arriving in Honduras,we were greeted by the warm smiles of the villagers.The children were eager to learn,and their enthusiasm made our efforts worthwhile.We taught them about the wonders of science,and in return,they taught us about the beauty of their culture and way of life.It was a mutually beneficial experience that left us all with lasting memories.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2023·全国乙卷阅读A)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However,Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511,Tan wrote a book,Sayings of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865,where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了历史上四位女医生的非凡经历。
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知,这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术,故选C项。]
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知,谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医,并通过了官方的考试,一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书,记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中均并未提到写书,因此选A项。]
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知,Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人,因此答案为D项。]
思维建模
应用文文体特点下的词汇积累
由于应用文中常常出现大量的缩写词和一些生词,这就要求考生平时要有意识地多积累一些常见的相关词语。
例如:
表数量、时间、路程:c.=circa (大约),doz=dozen,Max=maximum,Min=minimum,am=morning,pm=afternoon,Mon=Monday,Jan.=January,hr=hour,hrs=hours,P.W.=perweek,ml=mile
表通信和影视设备:Te1.=telephone number,Ph.=phone
表媒体:BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation
表学历、职业:MA=Master of Arts,BS degree=bachelor’s degree (学士学位),prof.=professor,Dr.=doctor,VIP=very important person
表国家、组织、地点:the USA=the United States of America,the PRC=the People’s Republic of China,WTO=World Trade Organization,co.=company,Add(r).=address,Sta=Station,Mt=Mountain
表方向:s=south,n=north,w=west,e=east
其他:Lid=Limited,P=page,pop=popular,Xmas=Christmas,info=information,ad=advertisement,vs=versus,PC=personal computer等等。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:physician n.医生;surgery n.外科手术;Para.3:retire v.退休; Para.4:medical adj.医学;degree n.学位 Para.1:practice medicine从事医学;Para.2:official exam官方考试;Para.3:study medicine学医;Para.4:study in medical college在医学院学习;receive a medical degree获得医学学位; provide medical care提供医疗护理
析 长 难 语 句 Para.3:James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. [句式分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中过去分词短语作状语,不定式短语表示目的。 [尝试翻译]　James Barry(约1789年-1865年)在爱尔兰出生时名为Margaret Bulkley,但通过女扮男装,她被爱丁堡大学录取,学习医学。 [语言赏析]　这句话通过简洁的叙述,有效地揭示了詹姆斯·巴里这一历史人物的独特性。句子表面看似简单,但隐含了当时社会性别歧视的背景,同时突显了巴里为追求职业梦想采取的非常规手段。
课时作业　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·东北三省四城市高三联考)
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time,the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (精辟的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever,by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch,but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated (认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand his genius,one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
【语篇解读】　本文是书评。文章主要介绍了一本名为《爱因斯坦革命》的书,书中两位专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
1.What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein
A.Opposing. B.Favorable.
C.Ambiguous. D.Indifferent.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知,这两个专家通过首次将爱因斯坦的作品置于科学知识进化的漫长的历程中,发现对于爱因斯坦大家都有一个普遍误解,大家都误以为爱因斯坦单独地、完全靠着个人的想法创造了现代物理学。由此可推知,这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度,故选A项。]
2.What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean
A.From nothing.
B.Up to a certain standard.
C.By learning from others.
D.With previous knowledge.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展,而不是对过去的革命性的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世的,而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸,故选A项。]
3.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists
A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C.Their research contributed to Einstein’s success.
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世的,而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家研发的经典物理学的自然延伸。所以作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果,故选C项。]
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A guidebook to a course.
B.An introduction to a book.
C.An essay on Albert Einstein.
D.A review of physics development.
答案　B　[文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的“The authors highlight...The book also includes”和第五段中的“Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知,本文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书,所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语,故选B项。]
(2025·郑州高三质量预测二)
You hate me.You don’t even know me and you hate me.Before we’ve even spoken,you hate me.At least that’s how it feels on my end of the call as a female collections officer at a call center.
I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system—first thing in the morning—because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call.
Sometimes it’s an easy task.The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts,and we get through the phone call with ease.Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight,or looking for someone to blame.Through the luck of the phone system,that person is me.
I’ve had people who shout at me,call me horrible names,accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me.Why I think it’s because I am invisible.I think I would be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face.Fortunately for me,I have had years of experience in customer service,so I’m fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me.
The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.That’s why I’m good at my job—I understand what you’re going through,and I’m here to help.
Some days though,no matter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone,it stays with me.I may do some deep breathing,go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air.I do this so I don’t carry that negativity on to my next call.That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life,but I don’t want to ever be the one who makes it worse.We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为呼叫中心催收员不被人尊重、常受人憎恶的经历和感悟。尽管作者也能换位思考、理解客户,但还是希望自己能够得到平等的对待和尊重。
5.What does the underlined word “dread” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Enjoy. B.Fear.
C.Expect. D.Avoid.
答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don’t even know me and you hate me.Before we’ve even spoken,you hate me.”可知,作者作为呼叫中心的催收员,在与客户的交往中,总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨,所以当作者每天登录电话系统时,她都会感到害怕,故选B项。]
6.Why does the author think some callers treat her badly
A.They get angry too easily.
B.They blame her for their debts.
C.They do not see her as a real person.
D.They accuse her of taking their money.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it’s because I am invisible.”可知,作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端,仿佛是一个隐形人,即不真实存在的人,故选C项。]
7.Why does the author think she is good at her job
A.She can offer callers best advice.
B.She is always respected by callers.
C.She can put herself in others’ shoes.
D.She isn’t easily influenced by negativity.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy(同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.”可知,作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是自己有同理心,能够理解打电话的人所处的境地,也就是说,作者能够换位思考,故选C项。]
8.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text
A.To call for understanding of her job.
B.To explain why she is good at her job.
C.To introduce what she is responsible for.
D.To complain about her being treated badly.
答案　A　[写作意图题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者在工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景;第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人;第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲到了自己能够应付的关键技能;再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.”可以推断出,作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作,故选A项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·沧州高三模拟)
Last year,my younger brother Darrin tore the old engine out of his Dodge Challenger.Then he 　1　 it piece by piece,and put it back together again all by himself.He was 16.All he 　2　 was a Chilton’s shop manual for the car,his own curiosity,and a strong desire to 　3　 how things worked.
Later,I asked him about this 　4　 and how he made it.His answer was 　5　—he just did it.He wanted a new car and couldn’t afford to buy another one,so this was really his only 　6　.He had nothing to lose and was highly 　7　 to make the engine work.He 　8　 with it,paid close attention to how he took it apart,made a lot of mistakes,and reached points where he wasn’t 　9　 what to do next.When that happened,he asked a friend or a friend’s dad for 　10　,tried this and tried that,until he finished the work.To me it was a(n) 　11　 achievement.
Our 　12　 to do hard things increases when we try doing those hard things.It is 　13　 limited by our own will and imagination.We learn by trying,by making mistakes,and by 　14　 help from those who know more sometimes just a little more than we do.
Never 　15　 trying new things.The more one does,the more one can do.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从弟弟身上学到的一个人生道理:我们做的事情越多,我们能做的事情就越多。永远不要停止尝试新事物。
1.A.discovered B.rebuilt
C.donated D.reserved
答案　B　[句意:然后他一块一块地把它重新安在一起,又一个人把它重新组装起来。discover发现;rebuild组装,重建;donate捐赠;reserve预订。根据上文“Last year,my younger brother Darrin tore the old engine out of his Dodge Challenger.(去年,我弟弟达林把他的道奇挑战者的旧引擎给拆了)”可知,弟弟把玩具拆了,然后又组装了起来,故选B项。]
2.A.detected B.preferred
C.occupied D.had
答案　D　[句意:他所拥有的只有一本奇尔顿的汽车使用手册,他自己的好奇心,以及想弄清楚汽车是如何工作的强烈愿望。detect检测;prefer偏爱;occupy占据;have有。根据后文“was a Chilton’s shop manual for the car”可知,此处是指弟弟所拥有的关于组装的东西只有一本手册,故选D项。]
3.A.figure out B.give away
C.bring up D.rule out
答案　A　[句意同上。figure out弄清楚;give away赠送;bring up抚养;rule out消除。根据上文“his own curiosity,and a strong desire to”可知,弟弟好奇心强,因此想弄清楚汽车是如何工作的,故选A项。]
4.A.property B.campaign
C.guide D.project
答案　D　[句意:后来,我问他关于这个项目的问题以及他是如何做到的。property财产;campaign运动;guide指导;project项目。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,根据上一段描述可知,此处指弟弟把他的道奇挑战者的旧引擎拆掉然后重组这件事,故选D项。]
5.A.correct B.serious
C.simple D.funny
答案　C　[句意:他的回答很简单——他就这么做了。correct正确的;serious严肃的;simple简单的;funny有趣的。根据上文“I asked him”以及下文“he just did it”及所给单词可知,此处是指“他的答案很简单”,故选C项。]
6.A.luck B.option
C.requirement D.relaxation
答案　B　[句意:他想要一辆新车,又买不起另一辆,所以这是他唯一的选择。luck运气;option选择;requirement要求;relaxation放松。根据上文“He wanted a new car and couldn’t afford to buy another one”可知,此处是指“这是他唯一的选择”,故选B项。]
7.A.expected B.forced
C.convinced D.motivated
答案　D　[句意:他没有什么可失去的,并且非常积极地让引擎工作。expect期待;force迫使;convince说服;motivate激励。根据上文“He had nothing to lose and was highly”及所给单词可知,此处是指“他没有什么可失去的,并且非常积极地让引擎工作”,短语be motivated to do sth意为“有动力做某事”,故选D项。]
8.A.communicated B.competed
C.experimented D.disagreed
答案　C　[句意:他对它进行了实验,密切关注如何将其拆开,犯了很多错误,并达到了他不确定下一步该怎么做的地步。communicate交流;compete比赛;experiment实验;disagree不同意。根据后文“paid close attention to how he took it apart,made a lot of mistakes”可知,作者的弟弟在拆装汽车时,是进行了一番尝试和试验的,故选C项。]
9.A.sure B.afraid
C.curious D.satisfied
答案　A　[句意同上。sure确信的;afraid害怕的;curious好奇的;satisfied满足的。根据后文“what to do next”以及弟弟犯了很多错误,可知此处是指他不确定下一步该怎么做,故选A项。]
10.A.permission B.courage
C.advice D.reward
答案　C　[句意:当这种情况发生时,他向朋友或朋友的父亲征求意见,试了这个,试了那个,直到他完成了工作。permission允许;courage勇气;advice建议;reward奖励。根据上文“what to do next”可知,弟弟不知道该怎么办,因此此处应是指他向朋友或者朋友的父亲寻求建议,故选C项。]
11.A.amazing B.common
C.confusing D.strange
答案　A　[句意:对我来说,这是一项了不起的成就。amazing惊人的;common共同的;confusing令人困惑的;strange奇怪的。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,根据上文可知弟弟只有一本手册,凭借实验和求助他人完成了组装,因此于作者而言,这是一项了不起的成就,故选A项。]
12.A.anxiety B.capacity
C.income D.impatience
答案　B　[句意:当我们尝试做这些困难的事情时,我们做这些困难事情的能力就会增强。anxiety焦虑;capacity能力;income收入;impatience不耐烦。根据后文“The more one does,the more one can do.”以及上文弟弟组装玩具的故事可知,当我们尝试做这些困难的事情时,我们做这些困难事情的能力就会增强,故选B项。]
13.A.rarely B.necessarily
C.originally D.mostly
答案　D　[句意:它主要受限于我们自己的意志和想象力。rarely很少;necessarily必定;originally起初;mostly多半。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,上文提到,作者的弟弟在拆装汽车时非常有意志力和求知欲。本句从反面强调,能否完成艰苦的工作,主要受限于我们的意志力和想象力,故选D项。]
14.A.seeking B.offering
C.affording D.avoiding
答案　A　[句意:我们从尝试中学习,从犯错误中学习,从那些比我们懂得多一点的人那里寻求帮助。seek寻找;offer提供;afford买得起;avoid避免。根据下文“help from those who know more sometimes just a little more than we do”可知,seeking符合语境,意为“向知道得更多的人寻求帮助”,故选A项。]
15.A.admit B.stop
C.fancy D.keep
答案　B　[句意:永远不要停止尝试新事物。admit承认;stop停止;fancy喜爱;keep保持。根据后文“The more one does,the more one can do.”可知,作者认为永远不要停止尝试新事物,故选B项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·山西名校高三模拟)
People worldwide have enjoyed noodles for thousands of years.But did you ever stop 1.　　　　　　 (think):who made the very first noodle People first started 2.　　　　 (grow) wheat and making flour in the Middle East around 10,000 years ago.However,until 2002,no evidence of ancient noodles had been uncovered.Archaeologists discovered an upside-down clay bowl in the 3.　　　　　　 (ruin) of an ancient Chinese village.When they lifted it,they found a 4,000-year-old noodle.This “mummy” noodle 4.　　　　　　 (make) from grain.Traders brought wheat 5.　　　　　　 China about the time this ancient noodle was cooked.The Chinese 6.　　　　　　 (eventual) mastered the art of stretching wheat dough (面团) into long noodles.
Some people claim that Marco Polo brought pasta (意粉) to Italy.The tale of his discovery was likely enhanced to promote pasta consumption in America.Marco Polo’s writings suggest that noodles were already present in Italy during his time,as he compared Chinese noodles to 7.　　　　　　 (that) in Italy.The Middle East also played a 8.　　　　　　 (significance) role in noodle history.The oldest written mention of pasta outside China dates back about 1,600 years in the Middle East.Dried noodles were a popular travel food in the region and beyond,making them a likely prospect for spreading the noodle recipe to other parts of 9.　　　　　　 world.
So who REALLY invented noodles We may never know—the history of noodles is as complicated as a bowl of pasta.But 10.　　　　　　 invented them,we’re sure glad they did!
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了面条发展的相关历史。
1.to think　[考查非谓语动词。句意:但你有没有停下来想过:是谁做了第一份面条 分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作宾语,根据“stop to do sth”意为“停下来去干某事”可知,此处应为动词不定式形式作宾语,故填to think。]
2.growing　[考查非谓语动词。句意:大约一万年前,中东地区的人们开始种植小麦以及制作面粉。分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作宾语,根据并列连词and前后动词形式应该一致可知,and后为动词-ing形式,所以and前也应为动词-ing形式,故填growing。]
3.ruins　[考查名词的数。句意:考古学家在一个中国古村落的废墟中发现了一个倒置的陶碗。分析句子结构可知,此处应为名词作宾语,ruin为可数名词,结合句意可知,此处表示“废墟”,所以应使用ruin的复数形式,故填ruins。]
4.was made　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这种“木乃伊”面条是由谷物制成的。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据上文可知,此处描述的事情发生在过去,且make与句子主语This “mummy” noodle之间为被动关系,因此,此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态,且句子主语为名词单数形式,故填was made。]
5.to　[考查介词。句意:大约在煮制这种古老的面条的时候,商人们把小麦带到了中国。分析句子结构可知,此处应为固定短语“bring...to...”,该短语意为“把……带到……”,符合句意,故填to。]
6.eventually　[考查词性转换。句意:中国人最终掌握了将小麦面团拉成长面的技艺。分析句子结构可知,此处应为副词作状语修饰谓语动词mastered,故填eventually。]
7.those　[考查代词。句意:马可·波罗将中国的面条与意大利的面条进行了比较,他的著作表明面条在他那个时代就已经出现在意大利了。分析句子结构可知,此处应为代词作宾语,结合句意可知,此处指代前文的noodles,所以此处应为that的复数形式,故填those。]
8.significant　[考查词性转换。句意:中东在面条历史上也发挥了重要作用。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词role,故填significant。]
9.the　[考查冠词。句意:干面在该地区及其他地区是一种受欢迎的旅行食品,这使得他们有可能将面条配方传播到世界的其他地方。分析句子结构可知,world为可数名词,其前无限定词,所以此处应该用冠词,结合句意可知,此处表示特指,所以使用定冠词,故填the。]
10.whoever　[考查状语从句。句意:但无论是谁发明了它们,我们都很高兴他们做到了!分析句子结构可知,此处应为连词引导状语从句,结合句意可知,此处为连词引导的让步状语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示“不论是谁”,所以使用连词whoever或者是no matter who,因无提示词只能填一个词,故填whoever。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:genius n.天才;Para.2:misconception n.错误认识;误解;unconventional adj.不因循守旧的;不因袭的;新奇的;single-handedly adv.单独地;Para.3:pioneer n.先锋;先驱;带头人; Para.4:highlight v.突出;强调;substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的; Para.5:thought-provoking adj.发人深省的;引人深思的;scholarly adj.学术的;学术性的
B Para.4:accuse v.控告,指责;disrespect n.不尊敬,失礼,无礼;fairly adv.一定地,相当地
熟词生义 A Para.3:argue　熟义:vt.争论;生义:vt.主张
B Para.6:stick　熟义:n.枝条,枯枝v.刺穿,扎入,插入;粘,贴(某物);生义:v.把……放(某处)
词块积累 A Para.5:take...into account把……考虑进去
B Para.2:log on登录,注册,进入
长 难 句 式 A Para.4:When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated the theory of relativity. [分析]　that引导宾语从句,从句为含蓄虚拟语气,表对过去的虚拟。 [译文]　当爱因斯坦认为自己站在了他们肩膀上时,他的意思是如果没有他们的贡献,他就不可能认真阐述出相对论。
B Para.5:I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there. [分析]　which引导定语从句,修饰先行词situation;because引导原因状语从句。 [译文]　我能理解来电者所处的境地,因为我也经历过。(共173张PPT)
UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
选择性必修第一册
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
读写素养培优
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.physiology n.　生理学;生理机能
2.artemisinin n. [药]青蒿素
3.malaria n. 疟疾
4.extract n. 提取物;摘录 vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
5.wormwood n. 蒿;洋艾
6.substance n. 物质;物品;事实根据
7.penicillin n. 青霉素;盘尼西林
8.relativity n. 相对论;相对性
9.formula n. 公式;方程式;配方
10.patent n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利
adj. 有专利的;受专利保护的
11.doctorate n. 博士学位
12.photoelectric adj. 光电的
13.institution n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗
14.institute n. (教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑
15.moustache n. 上唇的胡子;髭
16.peculiarity n. 个性;特点;怪异的性质
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.play a crucial role　　　 起着关键性的作用
2.vital skills for success 成功所必不可少的技能
3.an objective view 客观看法
4.the chemical properties of water 水的化学性质
5.boil water 烧水
6.overheat the liquid 使液体过热
7.obtain evidence 获得证据
8.defeat the champion 击败冠军
9.insist on the highest standards 坚持最高标准
10.depend mostly on weather 主要取决于天气
11.flee his homeland 逃离他的祖国
12.in certain circumstances 在一定条件下
13.flow chart 流程图
14.overcome numerous difficulties 战胜许多的困难
15.apply theory to practice 把理论应用于实践
16.a real genius 一个真正的天才
17.an extraordinary achievement 一项非凡的成就
18.encounter many difficulties 遇到许多困难
19.mourn its passing 哀悼它的消逝
20.a remarkable achievement 一项非凡的成就
21.the draft of my speech 我的演讲草稿
22.a water-saving device 一种节水装置
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.commit vt.　　 承诺;保证
vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
commitment n. 投入;奉献;承诺
2.academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校
academic adj. 学业的;学术的
3.botanical adj. 植物学的
botany n. 植物学
4.evaluate vt. 评价;评估
evaluation n. 评价;评估
5.distinct adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
distinction n. 区别;差别
6.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
acknowledgement n. 承认,确认;感谢
7.analyse (NAmE-ze) vt. 分析
analysis (pl.analyses) n. 分析
8.apparently adv. 显而易见;看来;显然
apparent adj. 明显的,显而易见的
9.scientific adj. 科学(上)的;关于科学的
science n. 科学
scientist n. 科学家
10.conclusion n. 结论;推论
conclude vt. 断定;推断出
11.novel n. (长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;珍奇的
novelist n. 小说家
12.infer vt. 推断;推定
inference n. 推理,推论
13.found vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在
founder n. 创建者;创始人
foundation n. 创建;基金会
14.politician n. 从政者;政治家;政客
politics n. 政治(学)
political adj. 政治的
15.gradually adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
gradual adj. 逐渐的,渐增的
16.gentle adj. 温柔的;文静的
gently adv. 温柔地;温和地
gentleman n. 绅士;阁下;有教养的人
17.passion n. 酷爱;激情
passionate adj. 有激情的
18.consequence n. 结果;后果
consequent adj. 随之发生的;作为结果的
consequently adv. 结果;因此;所以
19.professor n. 教授
profession n. 职业,行业
professional adj. 职业的;专业的 n.专业人士
20.sum vi. 总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和
summary n. 归纳,总结
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.sum up 总结;概括
2.lead to 导致
3.come to power (开始)掌权;上台
4.insist on 坚决要求
5.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
6.take up a position 担任;任职
7.die from/of 死于
8.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
9.due to 由于,因为
10.as a consequence 因此
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.(be thought to)
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能挽救10万人的性命。
2.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
(insist on doing...)
屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”(upon/on doing...)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
4.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(it作形式主语)
中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播,这确实是一种荣誉。
5.He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.(独立主格)
他为世界作出了许多贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-sion/-ssion表示性质或行为等
de→sion conclude→conclusion结论　decide→decision决定
explode→explosion爆炸　divide→division分配;分割
d→sion expand→expansion扩张;增加　extend→extension延伸
去t→ 2个s+ion admit→admission准许加入;permit→permission允许;
submit→submission提交;屈服
单 元 默 写 检 测
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
诺贝尔____________或医学奖
2.treat malaria　　　　　　　 治疗____________
3.a patent for a new invention 新发明____________
4.a professor with a doctorate in education
拥有教育学____________的教授
生理学
疟疾
专利
博士学位
5.a cultural peculiarity 一种文化____________
6.a chemical substance 一种化学____________
7.the theory of relativity ____________论
8.an educational institution 一家教育____________
特点
物质
相对
机构
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.____________ adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
2.____________ vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
3.____________ n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
4.____________ vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
5.____________ adv.主要地；一般地
6.____________ vi.& vt.(____________,___________)迅速离开;逃跑
vital
obtain
defeat
insist
mostly
flee
fled
fled
7.______________ n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
8.____________ adj.众多的；许多的
9.____________ n.理论；学说
10.______________ adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
11.____________ vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇
12.____________ vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
13.____________ adj.非凡的；显著的
circumstance
numerous
theory
extraordinary
encounter
mourn
remarkable
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.____________ vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→____________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→ ____________ n.投入；奉献；承诺
2.____________ n.植物学→________________ adj.植物学的
3.____________ vt.评价；评估→______________ n.评价；评估
4.____________ adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→____________ n.区别；差别
commit
committed
commitment
botany
botanical
evaluate
evaluation
distinct
distinction
5.____________ adj.明显的，显而易见的→____________ adv.显而易见；看来；显然
6.____________ n.科学→____________ n.科学家→____________ adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的
7.____________ vt.断定；推断出→____________ n.结论；推论
8.____________ n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的→____________ n.小说家
9.____________ vt.推断；推定→______________ n.推理，推论
apparent
apparently
science
scientist
scientific
conclude
conclusion
novel
novelist
infer
inference
10.____________ vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→____________ n.创建者；创始人→____________ n.创建；基金会
11.____________ adj.逐渐的，渐增的→__________ adv.逐渐地；逐步地
12.____________ adj.温柔的；文静的→__________ adv.温柔地；温和地→____________ n.绅士；阁下；有教养的人
13.____________ n.酷爱；激情→____________ adj.有激情的
found
founder
foundation
gradual
gradually
gentle
gently
gentleman
passion
passionate
14.____________ adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→____________ adv.结果；因此；所以→____________ n.结果；后果
15.____________ vi.总结；概括 n.金额；款项；总数；总和
→____________ n.归纳，总结
consequent
consequently
consequence
sum
summary
Ⅳ.短语互译
1._________________________________________
承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2.________________坚决要求
3.________________(开始)掌权；上台
4.__________________担任；任职
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
insist on
come to power
take up a position
5.sum up　　 ________________
6.due to ________________
7.lead to ________________
8.wear and tear ___________________________
9.as a consequence ________________
总结;概括
由于,因为
导致
(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
因此
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.be thought to被认为……
The new student in our class ________________________________
________________________________________________________.
我们班的新同学被认为在数学方面非常有天赋。
is thought to be very talented
in mathematics
2.it作形式主语
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and _________________
_____________________________ when that day comes.
我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现，当那一天到来时，带你参观北京是我的荣幸。
it’s my honour
to show you around Beijing
3.upon/on doing... 一……就……
_______________________________________，they received praise and flowers.
他们一回国就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
Upon/On returning to the country
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We have ____________ (获得) permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
2.Chaplin，an ________________ (非凡的) silent movie performer，starred in many outstanding comedies.
3.Every day of our lives we ____________ (遇到) major or minor stresses of one kind or another.
obtained
extraordinary
encounter
4.There is nothing we can do to help Linda，whose _______________ (状况) are beyond our control.
5.Hearing the fire alarm，the frightened people f____________ in panic in all directions.
6.The Women’s Volleyball Team d____________ its opponent and won another World Champion.
circumstances
led
efeated
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of ____________ (science) research.
2.We didn’t have enough money to pay for our bus fares，and in ____________ (consequent) we had to walk.
3.Three professors were asked to make an ____________ (evaluate) of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers.
scientific
consequence
evaluation
4.He made a ____________ (passion) speech on the current situation of water shortage and appealed to all citizens to save water.
5.As is ____________ (apparent) shown in the chart above，there are about 10% students supporting the idea.
6.Judging from his puzzled expression，we made ____________ (infer) that he didn’t figure out what I said just now.
passionate
apparently
inferences
Ⅲ.短语填空
insist on；sum up；as a consequence；take up a position；wear and tear；commit to
1.After running for so many years，the truck just shows little sign of ________________.
2.__________________，they can’t concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
wear and tear
As a consequence
3.To ________________，low price，easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.
4.Jerry ____________________ as a salesman at a big company after graduation.
5.________________ doing medical research，Tu Youyou is thought highly of by Chinese people.
6.My friend ________________ finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
sum up
took up a position
Committed to
insisted on
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary and gentle woman genius，Madam Curie managed 1.___________(discover) two kinds of radioactive elements，which were vital and crucial to physics.It was 2.____________(wide) acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1867.Distinct from other
to discover
widely
girls，she had a strong passion for science and 3.__________________ (commit) her whole life to scientific research.After 4.____________ (graduate) from high school，she took up 5.____________ position as a tutor.In 1891，she was admitted into the Academy of Paris，6.____________ she achieved great academic performances and as a consequence，she became the first woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende (沥青铀矿) 7.________________ the
committed
graduating
a
where
with
objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties.Apparently，they encountered numerous 8.____________ (fail)，but under no circumstances did the couple acknowledge defeat and they insisted on their ambition.Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied，the couple gradually drew a 9.____________ (conclude) that Po and Ra did exist，which was soon spread throughout the world.In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a 10.____________(remark) scientist.
failures
conclusion
remarkable
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3写作迁移
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.commit vt.承诺;保证;花(钱或时间) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺)
佳句背诵　
I strongly suggest you commit an hour a day to reading English, which can gradually improve your oral English.(建议信)
我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语,这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth to (doing) sth 将时间或金钱花在(做)某事上
commit oneself to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事
be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
make a commitment 作出承诺
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He was so selfless that he was committed to 　　　　　　　(do) voluntary work to help people in need all the time.
②Emily 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 how to play the piano,practicing every day for an hour.Despite finding it challenging at first,she gradually improved.
艾米丽承诺学习弹钢琴,每天练习一个小时。尽管起初觉得很有挑战性,但她逐渐进步了。
doing
committed herself to learning/learn
教考衔接　单句写作
③The rise of new energy vehicles and reducing carbon emissions.
(发言稿;2024·全国甲卷)
新能源汽车的兴起体现了中国对可持续发展和降低碳排放的承诺。
reflects China’s commitment
to sustainable development
2.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢(acknowledgement n.承认,确认;感谢;收件复函)
佳句背诵　
I acknowledge my English teacher,without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.(感谢信)
我感谢我的英语老师,没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此大的进步。
acknowledge sb/sth as/to be...
认为某人/某物是……;承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
acknowledge that... 承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Tom acknowledged 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(defeat) in the English speech competition,which made us quite depressed.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.(现象介绍)
大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义,而且充满激情。
being defeated/having been defeated
It is universally/widely acknowledged that
教考衔接　单句写作
③Confucius in China, who deeply influenced China throughout the history.(人物介绍;2023·全国甲卷)
孔子被认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一,他在整个历史进程中深深地影响了中国。
is acknowledged as/to be one of the greatest
ancient educators
3.insist vt.& vi.坚持;坚决要求
佳句背诵　
She insisted on persuading me until I promised to give up this thought.(动作描写)
她坚持要说服我,直到我答应放弃这个想法。
insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/坚持(做)某事
insist作“坚决要求”讲时,后接宾语从句,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,should可省略;作“坚持认为”讲时,从句用陈述语气,根据需要选择相应的时态。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Jack insisted that he 　　　　　　　　 (complete) his homework before going out to play.
②　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
for at least an hour every day, even when there is no upcoming match.
教练坚决要求每个球员每天都应该至少练习一个小时,即使没有即将到来的比赛。
had completed
The coach insists that every player should practice
教考衔接　单句写作
③Since I was touched by his generosity, as my appreciation.
(人物描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
由于被他慷慨的行为所感动,我坚持要至少请他吃顿午饭以示感谢。
I insisted that I at least
buy him lunch
片段巩固　用commit;acknowledge;insist完成人物介绍的片段
人物介绍之写作提示:老师承诺帮助我们提高英语→承认我们在课上的努力→鼓励我们继续保持→她坚决要求我们定期参加课程→感受到她对我们进步的关心→她的奉献精神激励我们更加努力
Our teacher committed to helping us improve our English.She acknowledged our efforts in class and encouraged us to keep going. She insisted that we attend the sessions regularly.We could see how much she cared about our progress,and her dedication inspired us to work even harder.
4.conclusion n.结论;推论(conclude vt.断定;推断出)
佳句背诵　
I came to/reached/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands.(主旨升华)
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:用自己的双手劳动很重要。
in conclusion　　　　　 最后;总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出结论
conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束
to conclude 总之
conclude from... 从……中得出结论
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He concluded his speech 　　　　　　a famous saying “Where there is a will,there is a way.”
②After a long day of hiking, at the top of the mountain.(动作描写)
经过一天的徒步旅行后,我们在山顶拍了一张集体照,结束了我们的旅行。
with
we concluded our trip by
taking a group photo
教考衔接　单句写作
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,China’s 75 years of progress have been remarkable.From the early years of reconstruction to the modern era of innovation,China has transformed into a global leader.
(现象介绍;2024·北京卷)
总的来说,中国75年的进步是显著的。从早期的重建年代到现代的创新时代,中国已经转变为一个全球领导者。
In conclusion/To conclude
5.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
佳句背诵　
Given the unusual circumstance of heavy rain,the school decided to postpone the outdoor event until the weather improved.
(通知)鉴于下大雨的特殊情况,学校决定将户外活动推迟到天气好转后再进行。
under/in no circumstances
无论如何都不,决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此
if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许的话
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Even 　　　　　　the circumstances,he still spared no effort to improve himself.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.
如果情况允许的话,我会立即采取行动实现梦想。
under/in
If circumstances permit/allow
教考衔接　单句写作
③Feeling deeply embarrassed by my careless mistake,I promised myself that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 allow such an error to happen again.(心理描写;2021·浙江1月卷)
由于对自己的粗心错误感到非常尴尬,我向自己承诺在任何情况下都不会再让这样的错误发生。
under no circumstances would I
6.consequence n.结果;后果(consequent adj.作为结果的;随之发生的 consequently adv.因此)
佳句背诵　
I carelessly got the plan ruined,so I had to take the consequences.
我不小心把计划搞砸了,所以我必须承担后果。
as a consequence=in consequence=consequently=as a result因此
as/in a consequence of=as a result of 因为……;由于……
take the consequences 承担后果
以练促学　同义句转换
①My grandfather was under treatment in hospital,and consequently,
I have to take care of him.
→My grandfather was under treatment in hospital,and
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　, I have to take care of him.
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the
　　　　　　(consequent).I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
as a consequence/in consequence
consequences
7.take up a position担任;任职
佳句背诵　
She took up a position as a marketing manager after she graduated from university.
她从大学毕业后,就任市场经理一职。
take up　　　 拿起;占用,占据;开始从事;接受;继续
take apart 拆开
take down 放下;记下;拆除
take in 欺骗;吸收;理解
take off (飞机)起飞;(事业)腾飞;脱下
take on 呈现;雇用;承担
take over 接管;接替
以练促学　语段训练/单句写作
①Last weekend,my brother decided to take 　　　　　　our old computer to see how it worked.He carefully took 　　　　　　 the monitor.As he explained each part to me,I tried my best to take
　　　　　the information.After a while,I took 　　　　and helped him put everything back together.
apart
down
in
over
②After the long hike,she couldn’t wait to
and relax her tired feet,enjoying the cool breeze.(动作描写)
长途徒步后,她迫不及待地脱下泥泞的鞋子,放松疲惫的双脚,享受凉爽的微风。
take off her muddy shoes
教考衔接　单句写作
③I asked my parents to allow me to 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　.
In the beginning,it was quite difficult to read the notes.However,it did not discourage me.(短文投稿;2023·全国乙卷)
我请求父母允许我上钢琴课。一开始,阅读音符相当困难。然而,这并没有让我气馁。
take up a piano lesson
片段巩固　用conclusion;circumstance;consequence;take up完成介绍小组学习的片段
小组学习之写作提示:讨论后得出结论:在某些情况下,集体学习更有效→互相帮助时,能更好地理解课程→如果不专心,其结果是可能会落后→接受了组织学习小组的挑战→确实有所帮助→成绩提高了→对自己的能力也更有信心了。
After a long discussion,we reached the conclusion that studying in groups is more effective under certain circumstances.When we help each other,we understand the lessons better.However,the consequence of not paying attention is that we might fall behind.Last week,some of us took up the challenge of organizing study sessions,and it really helped.As a result,our grades improved,and we became more confident in our abilities.
1.flow /fl / n.流;流动;流畅;供应(生义) vi.流;流动
①The river’s flow was steady and calm,reflecting the peacefulness of the surrounding nature.　　　　　
②Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.
　　　　　
③As we know,the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas.　　　　　
④It’s here that the river flows down into the ocean.　　　　　
n.流动
n.流畅
n.供应
vi.流动
2.sum /s m/ vi.总结;概括 n.金额;款项(生义);总数;总和
①To sum up,there are three main ways of dealing with the present problem.　　　　　　
②It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.　　　　　　
③A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.　　　　　　
vi.总结;概括
n.总数;总和
n.金额;款项
3.defeat /d fi t/ n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
①Last week our school defeated their school at football.
　　　　　　　
②The world champion has only had two defeats in 20 fights.
　　　　　　　
vt.击败;战胜
n.失败;挫败
4.draft /drɑ ft/ n.草稿;草案 vt.起草;草拟;选派;抽调(生义)
①She wrote the first draft of her essay,knowing she would need to revise it several times before submitting.　　　　　
②She hoped that Tom could be drafted to run the organization.
　　　　　　
③He was asked to draft a letter of recommendation for his classmate,highlighting their achievements and skills.　　　　　　
n.草稿
vt.选派;抽调
vt.起草;草拟
5.objective / b d ekt v/ n.目标;目的 adj.客观的
①Scientists need to be objective when doing research.　　　　　
②The main objective of the study group is to help students improve their understanding of complex topics.　　　　　
adj.客观的
n.目标
6.obtain / b te n/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行(生义)
①After studying hard for weeks,Lily finally obtained first place in the math competition,which made her extremely proud.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②She learned that some traditions still obtain in her school,like giving a special award to the top student.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
1.句型公式:“upon/on doing” 意为“一……就……”
课本原句:Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
佳句背诵　
On arriving at the new school,he felt nervous but was quickly welcomed by his classmates who showed him around.
(心理+动作描写)
当他到达新学校时他感到紧张,但很快就受到了同学们的欢迎,并带他四处参观。
(1)“upon/on+doing/n.”构成介词短语,用作时间状语,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生,依据语境可译作“当……时;一……就……;在……的时候”。
(2)其他表示“一……就……”的连词/句式有:
·as soon as+句子
·由名词短语构成的连词:the instant/moment/minute+句子
·由副词作连词:instantly/immediately/directly+句子
以练促学　一句多译
①我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。
→ ,
I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→ , I sighed in relief.(名词短语作连词)
→ , I sighed in relief.(副词作连词)
As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
The instant/moment/minute my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
Immediately/Instantly/Directly my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
教考衔接　单句写作
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
everyone just rushed forward;only a small thin body was staggering behind.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
一听到比赛的枪声,大家就都向前冲去,只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
Upon/On hearing the shot of the race
2.句型公式:it作形式主语
课本原句:It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播,这确实是一种荣誉。
佳句背诵　
It is important for us to manage time wisely to balance schoolwork and activities.(建议信)
对我们说,明智地管理时间以平衡学业和活动是很重要的。
it作形式主语的常用句式:
(1)It be+名词短语+(for sb) to do sth
(2)It be+形容词+(of/for sb) to do sth
(3)It be+过去分词(said、thought、believed、supposed、reported...)
+that从句
(4)It be+形容词(strange、important、vital、obvious、possible...)
+that从句
(5)It be+名词短语(a pity、a shame、a fact、a good idea、no wonder...)+that从句
以练促学　同义句转换
①People generally believe that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 IT has both advantages and disadvantages.(it作形式主语)
It is generally believed that
②I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary for you to know about the table manners of China.
→I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family. .(It is+adj.+that...)
It is necessary that you should know about
the table manners of China
教考衔接　单句写作
③As high school students, , which are the lungs of our planet.
(短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)
作为高中生,保护海洋是我们的责任,海洋是我们星球的肺。
it’s our responsibility/duty to
protect the oceans
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　单元知识运用
1.She has been committed 　　　　　　　　(volunteer) at the local animal shelter every weekend,believing that her efforts make a positive difference.
2.She acknowledged 　　　　　　　　　　　　(copy) her friend’s homework but explained that she did it because she had been sick and couldn’t finish her work on time.
to volunteering
copying/having copied
3.Despite the cold weather,he insists on 　　　　　　(jog) every morning at 6 am,believing that this routine helps him stay healthy.
4.　　　　　　 conclusion,teamwork is essential in any successful project.
5.She neglected her studies,and 　　　　　a consequence,she failed several of her exams.
6.He decided to take 　　　　　　photography as a new hobby, spending weekends exploring the city to capture unique and interesting scenes.
jogging
In
as
up
7.It is a challenging task for students 　　　　　 (finish) all their assignments on time.
8.She is thought 　　　　　　(be) one of the most talented musicians of her generation.
9.　　　　　　 receiving the scholarship,he immediately called his parents to share the good news.
10.His work 　　　　　　(completed),he finally relaxed with a cup of tea,reflecting on the day’s accomplishments with satisfaction.
to finish
to be
Upon/On
completed
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.Regular exercise 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
定期锻炼对于保持健康至关重要。
2.Many residents were forced to
due to the wildfire.
许多居民因野火不得不逃离家园。
is vital for maintaining health
flee from their homes
3.He has always 　　　　　　　　　　　　, experimenting with new recipes and flavors.
他一直对烹饪充满热情,尝试新食谱和口味。
4.During their hike in the forest,they 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　.
在森林徒步时,他们偶然遇到了一只野鹿。
5.　　　　　　　　,teamwork,clear communication,and dedication are key factors.
总之,团队合作、清晰沟通和奉献精神是关键因素。
had a passion for cooking
encountered a wild deer
To sum up
维度三　单元话题写作(人物介绍——值得尊敬的人)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔,他终生致力于治愈病人的疾病。
(be committed to;定语从句)
The person I respect most is my uncle,who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life.
2.在任何情况下,他都不会向困难屈服,也不会放弃他的病人。
(circumstance)
3.自从他就职医生以来,他一直全心全意为病人服务。
(take up a position)
Under no circumstances does he give in to difficulties or give up his patients.
Ever since he took up a position as a doctor,he has been serving all the patients heart and soul.
4.在他看来,帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。(it作形式主语)
5.一听说患者急需帮助,他就会毫不犹豫地援助他们。
(Upon/On doing...)
In his opinion,it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses.
Upon/On hearing that patients are in need of help,he will come to their assistance without hesitation.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
We have a lot of respectable people around us.They may be our teachers,parents or one of our elders.As for me,the person I respect most is my uncle,who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life.
My uncle is determined and considerate,and under no circumstances does he give in to difficulties or give up his patients. Ever since he took up a position as a doctor,he has been serving all the patients heart and soul.In his opinion,it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses.Upon/On hearing that patients are in need of help,he will come to their assistance without hesitation.
This is my uncle whom I respect and love most.
读 写 素 养 培 优
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作者受到朋友的启发,对参与志愿者活动产生了浓厚的兴趣,并成功报名参加了前往美国西弗吉尼亚州加里市的志愿者旅行。在那里,作者参与了建设新学校的工作。尽管工作辛苦,但得到了周围人的鼓励和支持,收获了一段难忘的经历。之后,作者决定挑战自己,想参加一次国外的志愿者活动。作者的目的地是中美洲国家洪都拉斯的一个偏远村庄,想教那里的穷孩子科学。
场景续写1:
“我”迫切希望参与→与父母商量→他们一开始并没有同意→担心“我”在国外的安全以及“我”可能会面临的挑战→“我”理解他们的顾虑→向他们保证“我”已做好准备,并且会得到志愿者团队的支持→他们终于同意了→“我”感到如释重负
Eager to participate,I talked to my parents,but they didn’t say yes at first.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
立刻开始为“我们”的科学教学做准备→收集资源,规划课程,并练习教学技巧→出发当天,“我们”满怀期待和冒险精神→抵达洪都拉斯时,“我们”受到了村民们的热情欢迎→孩子们渴望学习→他们的热情让“我们”的努力变得值得→他们教“我们”了解他们的文化和生活方式之美→这是一次互惠互利的经历→为“我们”所有人留下了难忘的回忆。
Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Eager to participate,I talked to my parents,but they didn’t say yes at first.They worried about my safety in a foreign country and the challenges I might face.I understood their concerns,but I was determined to make a difference.I assured them of my preparedness and the support I would have from the volunteer group.After much persuasion,they finally agreed,and I felt a sense of relief and excitement.
Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching. We gathered resources,planned lessons,and practiced our teaching techniques.On the day of departure,we were filled with anticipation and a sense of adventure.Arriving in Honduras,we were greeted by the warm smiles of the villagers.The children were eager to learn,and their enthusiasm made our efforts worthwhile.We taught them about the wonders of science,and in return,they taught us about the beauty of their culture and way of life.It was a mutually beneficial experience that left us all with lasting memories.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2023·全国乙卷阅读A)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However,Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511,Tan wrote a book,Sayings of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865,where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了历史上四位女医生的非凡经历。
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs. B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery. D.Being banned from medicine.
解析　细节理解题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知,这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术,故选C项。
√
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book. B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist. D.She had formal education.
解析　细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知,谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医,并通过了官方的考试,一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书,记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中均并未提到写书,因此选A项。
√
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry. D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
解析　细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知,Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人,因此答案为D项。
√
思维建模
应用文文体特点下的词汇积累
由于应用文中常常出现大量的缩写词和一些生词,这就要求考生平时要有意识地多积累一些常见的相关词语。
例如:
表数量、时间、路程:c.=circa (大约),doz=dozen,Max=maximum,
Min=minimum,am=morning,pm=afternoon,Mon=Monday,
Jan.=January,hr=hour,hrs=hours,P.W.=perweek,ml=mile
表通信和影视设备:Te1.=telephone number,Ph.=phone
表媒体:BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation
表学历、职业:MA=Master of Arts,BS degree=bachelor’s degree (学士学位),prof.=professor,Dr.=doctor,VIP=very important person
表国家、组织、地点:the USA=the United States of America,the PRC
=the People’s Republic of China,WTO=World Trade Organization,
co.=company,Add(r).=address,Sta=Station,Mt=Mountain
表方向:s=south,n=north,w=west,e=east
其他:Lid=Limited,P=page,pop=popular,Xmas=Christmas,info=
information,ad=advertisement,vs=versus,PC=personal computer等等。
积阅读单词
Para.1:physician n.医生;surgery n.外科手术;Para.3:retire v.退休;
Para.4:medical adj.医学;degree n.学位
垒主题词块
Para.1:practice medicine从事医学;Para.2:official exam官方考试;
Para.3:study medicine学医;Para.4:study in medical college在医学院学习;receive a medical degree获得医学学位;provide medical care提供医疗护理
析长难语句
Para.3:James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.
[句式分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中过去分词短语作状语,不定式短语表示目的。
[尝试翻译]　
[语言赏析]　这句话通过简洁的叙述,有效地揭示了詹姆斯·巴里这一历史人物的独特性。句子表面看似简单,但隐含了当时社会性别歧视的背景,同时突显了巴里为追求职业梦想采取的非常规手段。
James Barry(约1789年-1865年)在爱尔兰出生时名为Margaret Bulkley,但通过女扮男装,她被爱丁堡大学录取,学习医学。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·东北三省四城市高三联考)
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time,the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (精辟的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever,by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch,but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated (认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand his genius,one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
【语篇解读】　本文是书评。文章主要介绍了一本名为《爱因斯坦革命》的书,书中两位专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
1.What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein
A.Opposing. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Indifferent.
解析　观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知,这两个专家通过首次将爱因斯坦的作品置于科学知识进化的漫长的历程中,发现对于爱因斯坦大家都有一个普遍误解,大家都误以为爱因斯坦单独地、完全靠着个人的想法创造了现代物理学。由此可推知,这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度,故选A项。
√
2.What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean
A.From nothing. B.Up to a certain standard.
C.By learning from others. D.With previous knowledge.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展,而不是对过去的革命性的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世的,而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸,故选A项。
√
3.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists
A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C.Their research contributed to Einstein’s success.
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世的,而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家研发的经典物理学的自然延伸。所以作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果,故选C项。
√
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A guidebook to a course.
B.An introduction to a book.
C.An essay on Albert Einstein.
D.A review of physics development.
解析　文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的“The authors highlight...The book also includes”和第五段中的“Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知,本文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书,所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语,故选B项。
√
(2025·郑州高三质量预测二)
You hate me.You don’t even know me and you hate me.Before we’ve even spoken,you hate me.At least that’s how it feels on my end of the call as a female collections officer at a call center.
I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system—first thing in the morning—because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call.
Sometimes it’s an easy task.The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts,and we get through the phone call with ease.Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight,or looking for someone to blame.Through the luck of the phone system,that person is me.
I’ve had people who shout at me,call me horrible names,accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me.Why I think it’s because I am invisible.I think I would be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face.Fortunately for me,I have had years of experience in customer service,so I’m fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me.
The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.That’s why I’m good at my job—I understand what you’re going through,and I’m here to help.
Some days though,no matter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone,it stays with me.I may do some deep breathing,go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air.I do this so I don’t carry that negativity on to my next call.That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life,but I don’t want to ever be the one who makes it worse.We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为呼叫中心催收员不被人尊重、常受人憎恶的经历和感悟。尽管作者也能换位思考、理解客户,但还是希望自己能够得到平等的对待和尊重。
5.What does the underlined word “dread” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Enjoy. B.Fear. C.Expect. D.Avoid.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don’t even know me and you hate me.Before we’ve even spoken,you hate me.”可知,作者作为呼叫中心的催收员,在与客户的交往中,总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨,所以当作者每天登录电话系统时,她都会感到害怕,故选B项。
√
6.Why does the author think some callers treat her badly
A.They get angry too easily.
B.They blame her for their debts.
C.They do not see her as a real person.
D.They accuse her of taking their money.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it’s because I am invisible.”可知,作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端,仿佛是一个隐形人,即不真实存在的人,故选C项。
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7.Why does the author think she is good at her job
A.She can offer callers best advice.
B.She is always respected by callers.
C.She can put herself in others’ shoes.
D.She isn’t easily influenced by negativity.
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy(同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.”可知,作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是自己有同理心,能够理解打电话的人所处的境地,也就是说,作者能够换位思考,故选C项。
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8.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text
A.To call for understanding of her job.
B.To explain why she is good at her job.
C.To introduce what she is responsible for.
D.To complain about her being treated badly.
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解析　写作意图题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者在工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景;第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人;第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲到了自己能够应付的关键技能;再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.”可以推断出,作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作,故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·沧州高三模拟)
Last year,my younger brother Darrin tore the old engine out of his Dodge Challenger.Then he 　1　 it piece by piece,and put it back together again all by himself.He was 16.All he 　2　 was a Chilton’s shop manual for the car,his own curiosity,and a strong desire to 　3　 how things worked.
Later,I asked him about this 　4　 and how he made it.His answer was 　5　—he just did it.He wanted a new car and couldn’t afford to buy another one,so this was really his only 　6　.He had nothing to lose and was highly 　7　 to make the engine work.He 　8　 with it,paid close attention to how he took it apart,made a lot of mistakes,and reached points where he wasn’t 　9　 what to do next.When that happened,he asked a friend or a friend’s dad for 　10　,tried this and tried that,until he finished the work.To me it was a(n) 　11　 achievement.
Our 　12　 to do hard things increases when we try doing those hard things.It is 　13　 limited by our own will and imagination.We learn by trying,by making mistakes,and by 　14　 help from those who know more sometimes just a little more than we do.
Never 　15　 trying new things.The more one does,the more one can do.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从弟弟身上学到的一个人生道理:我们做的事情越多,我们能做的事情就越多。永远不要停止尝试新事物。
1.A.discovered B.rebuilt C.donated D.reserved
解析　句意:然后他一块一块地把它重新安在一起,又一个人把它重新组装起来。discover发现;rebuild组装,重建;donate捐赠;reserve预订。根据上文“Last year,my younger brother Darrin tore the old engine out of his Dodge Challenger.(去年,我弟弟达林把他的道奇挑战者的旧引擎给拆了)”可知,弟弟把玩具拆了,然后又组装了起来,故选B项。
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2.A.detected B.preferred C.occupied D.had
解析　句意:他所拥有的只有一本奇尔顿的汽车使用手册,他自己的好奇心,以及想弄清楚汽车是如何工作的强烈愿望。detect检测;prefer偏爱;occupy占据;have有。根据后文“was a Chilton’s shop manual for the car”可知,此处是指弟弟所拥有的关于组装的东西只有一本手册,故选D项。
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3.A.figure out B.give away C.bring up D.rule out
解析　句意同上。figure out弄清楚;give away赠送;bring up抚养;rule out消除。根据上文“his own curiosity,and a strong desire to”可知,弟弟好奇心强,因此想弄清楚汽车是如何工作的,故选A项。
4.A.property B.campaign C.guide D.project
解析　句意:后来,我问他关于这个项目的问题以及他是如何做到的。property财产;campaign运动;guide指导;project项目。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,根据上一段描述可知,此处指弟弟把他的道奇挑战者的旧引擎拆掉然后重组这件事,故选D项。
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5.A.correct B.serious C.simple D.funny
解析　句意:他的回答很简单——他就这么做了。correct正确的;serious严肃的;simple简单的;funny有趣的。根据上文“I asked him”以及下文“he just did it”及所给单词可知,此处是指“他的答案很简单”,故选C项。
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6.A.luck B.option C.requirement D.relaxation
解析　句意:他想要一辆新车,又买不起另一辆,所以这是他唯一的选择。luck运气;option选择;requirement要求;relaxation放松。根据上文“He wanted a new car and couldn’t afford to buy another one”可知,此处是指“这是他唯一的选择”,故选B项。
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7.A.expected B.forced C.convinced D.motivated
解析　句意:他没有什么可失去的,并且非常积极地让引擎工作。expect期待;force迫使;convince说服;motivate激励。根据上文“He had nothing to lose and was highly”及所给单词可知,此处是指“他没有什么可失去的,并且非常积极地让引擎工作”,短语be motivated to do sth意为“有动力做某事”,故选D项。
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8.A.communicated B.competed C.experimented D.disagreed
解析　句意:他对它进行了实验,密切关注如何将其拆开,犯了很多错误,并达到了他不确定下一步该怎么做的地步。communicate交流;compete比赛;experiment实验;disagree不同意。根据后文“paid close attention to how he took it apart,made a lot of mistakes”可知,作者的弟弟在拆装汽车时,是进行了一番尝试和试验的,故选C项。
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9.A.sure B.afraid C.curious D.satisfied
解析　句意同上。sure确信的;afraid害怕的;curious好奇的;satisfied满足的。根据后文“what to do next”以及弟弟犯了很多错误,可知此处是指他不确定下一步该怎么做,故选A项。
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10.A.permission B.courage C.advice D.reward
解析　句意:当这种情况发生时,他向朋友或朋友的父亲征求意见,试了这个,试了那个,直到他完成了工作。permission允许;courage勇气;advice建议;reward奖励。根据上文“what to do next”可知,弟弟不知道该怎么办,因此此处应是指他向朋友或者朋友的父亲寻求建议,故选C项。
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11.A.amazing B.common C.confusing D.strange
解析　句意:对我来说,这是一项了不起的成就。amazing惊人的; common共同的;confusing令人困惑的;strange奇怪的。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,根据上文可知弟弟只有一本手册,凭借实验和求助他人完成了组装,因此于作者而言,这是一项了不起的成就,故选A项。
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12.A.anxiety B.capacity C.income D.impatience
解析　句意:当我们尝试做这些困难的事情时,我们做这些困难事情的能力就会增强。anxiety焦虑;capacity能力;income收入;impatience不耐烦。根据后文“The more one does,the more one can do.”以及上文弟弟组装玩具的故事可知,当我们尝试做这些困难的事情时,我们做这些困难事情的能力就会增强,故选B项。
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13.A.rarely B.necessarily C.originally D.mostly
解析　句意:它主要受限于我们自己的意志和想象力。rarely很少; necessarily必定;originally起初;mostly多半。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,上文提到,作者的弟弟在拆装汽车时非常有意志力和求知欲。本句从反面强调,能否完成艰苦的工作,主要受限于我们的意志力和想象力,故选D项。
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14.A.seeking B.offering C.affording D.avoiding
解析　句意:我们从尝试中学习,从犯错误中学习,从那些比我们懂得多一点的人那里寻求帮助。seek寻找;offer提供;afford买得起;avoid避免。根据下文“help from those who know more sometimes just a little more than we do”可知,seeking符合语境,意为“向知道得更多的人寻求帮助”,故选A项。
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15.A.admit B.stop C.fancy D.keep
解析　句意:永远不要停止尝试新事物。admit承认;stop停止;fancy喜爱;keep保持。根据后文“The more one does,the more one can do.”可知,作者认为永远不要停止尝试新事物,故选B项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·山西名校高三模拟)
People worldwide have enjoyed noodles for thousands of years.But did you ever stop 1.______________ (think):who made the very first noodle People first started 2.　　　　 (grow) wheat and making flour in the Middle East around 10,000 years ago. However,until 2002,no evidence of ancient noodles had been uncovered.Archaeologists discovered an upside-down clay bowl in the
3.______________ (ruin) of an ancient Chinese village.When they lifted it,they found a 4,000-year-old noodle.This “mummy” noodle 4.______________ (make) from grain.Traders brought wheat 5.______________ China about the time this ancient noodle was cooked.The Chinese 6.______________ (eventual) mastered the art of stretching wheat dough (面团) into long noodles.
Some people claim that Marco Polo brought pasta (意粉) to Italy.The tale of his discovery was likely enhanced to promote pasta consumption in America.Marco Polo’s writings suggest that noodles were already present in Italy during his time,as he compared Chinese noodles to 7.______________ (that) in Italy.The Middle East also played a 8.______________ (significance) role in noodle history.The oldest written mention of pasta outside China dates back about 1,600 years in the Middle East.Dried noodles were a popular travel food in the region and beyond,making them a likely prospect for spreading the noodle recipe to other parts of 9.______________ world.
So who REALLY invented noodles We may never know—the history of noodles is as complicated as a bowl of pasta.But 10.______________ invented them,we’re sure glad they did!
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了面条发展的相关历史。
1.to think　[考查非谓语动词。句意:但你有没有停下来想过:是谁做了第一份面条 分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作宾语,根据“stop to do sth”意为“停下来去干某事”可知,此处应为动词不定式形式作宾语,故填to think。]
2.growing　[考查非谓语动词。句意:大约一万年前,中东地区的人们开始种植小麦以及制作面粉。分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作宾语,根据并列连词and前后动词形式应该一致可知,and后为动词-ing形式,所以and前也应为动词-ing形式,故填growing。]
3.ruins　[考查名词的数。句意:考古学家在一个中国古村落的废墟中发现了一个倒置的陶碗。分析句子结构可知,此处应为名词作宾语,ruin为可数名词,结合句意可知,此处表示“废墟”,所以应使用ruin的复数形式,故填ruins。]
4.was made　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这种“木乃伊”面条是由谷物制成的。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据上文可知,此处描述的事情发生在过去,且make与句子主语This “mummy” noodle之间为被动关系,因此,此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态,且句子主语为名词单数形式,故填was made。]
5.to　[考查介词。句意:大约在煮制这种古老的面条的时候,商人们把小麦带到了中国。分析句子结构可知,此处应为固定短语“bring... to...”,该短语意为“把……带到……”,符合句意,故填to。]
6.eventually　[考查词性转换。句意:中国人最终掌握了将小麦面团拉成长面的技艺。分析句子结构可知,此处应为副词作状语修饰谓语动词mastered,故填eventually。]
7.those　[考查代词。句意:马可·波罗将中国的面条与意大利的面条进行了比较,他的著作表明面条在他那个时代就已经出现在意大利了。分析句子结构可知,此处应为代词作宾语,结合句意可知,此处指代前文的noodles,所以此处应为that的复数形式,故填those。]
8.significant　[考查词性转换。句意:中东在面条历史上也发挥了重要作用。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词role,故填significant。]
9.the　[考查冠词。句意:干面在该地区及其他地区是一种受欢迎的旅行食品,这使得他们有可能将面条配方传播到世界的其他地方。分析句子结构可知,world为可数名词,其前无限定词,所以此处应该用冠词,结合句意可知,此处表示特指,所以使用定冠词,故填the。]
10.whoever　[考查状语从句。句意:但无论是谁发明了它们,我们都很高兴他们做到了!分析句子结构可知,此处应为连词引导状语从句,结合句意可知,此处为连词引导的让步状语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示“不论是谁”,所以使用连词whoever或者是no matter who,因无提示词只能填一个词,故填whoever。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:genius n.天才;Para.2:misconception n.错误认识;误解;
unconventional adj.不因循守旧的;不因袭的;新奇的;single-handedly adv.单独地;Para.3:pioneer n.先锋;先驱;带头人;
Para.4:highlight v.突出;强调;substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的;
Para.5:thought-provoking adj.发人深省的;引人深思的;scholarly adj.学术的;学术性的
B Para.4:accuse v.控告,指责;disrespect n.不尊敬,失礼,无礼;fairly adv.一定地,相当地
熟词生义 A Para.3:argue　熟义:vt.争论;生义:vt.主张
B Para.6:stick　熟义:n.枝条,枯枝v.刺穿,扎入,插入;粘,贴(某物);生义:
v.把……放(某处)
词块积累 A Para.5:take...into account把……考虑进去
B Para.2:log on登录,注册,进入
长 难 句 式 A Para.4:When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders, he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated the theory of relativity.
[分析]　that引导宾语从句,从句为含蓄虚拟语气,表对过去的虚拟。
[译文]　当爱因斯坦认为自己站在了他们肩膀上时,他的意思是如果没有他们的贡献,他就不可能认真阐述出相对论。
长 难 句 式 B Para.5:I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.
[分析]　which引导定语从句,修饰先行词situation;because引导原因状语从句。
[译文]　我能理解来电者所处的境地,因为我也经历过。

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