资源简介

UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.hybrid n.　　　　　 杂交植(动)物;合成物; 混合动力车
2.crisis n.(pl.crises) 危机;危急关头
3.conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的
4.pollinate vt. 授粉;传粉
5.domestic adj. 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
6.strain n. (动、植物的)系;品种; 拉伤;压力
7.celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
8.envision vt. 展望;想象
9.sorghum n. 高粱;高粱米
10.broom n. 扫把;扫帚;金雀花
11.urban adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
12.alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解
13.fertiliser (NAmE-izer) n. 肥料
14.organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
15.pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
16.bacterium n.(pl.bacteria) 细菌
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.tackle the problem　　 　 处理这个问题
2.boost his confidence 增强他的信心
3.high yield 高产量
4.a characteristic feature 一个典型的特征
5.attain a pilot’s licence 获得飞行员执照
6.an intense debate 一场激烈的争论
7.overcome fear 克服恐惧
8.video output 视频输出
9.a rough estimate 粗略的估计
prise 327 paintings 包括327幅画
11.generate profit 产生利润
12.at my leisure 在我闲暇时
13.soft soil 软土
14.broad vision 广阔的视野
15.a shortage of grain 谷物短缺
16.the atomic bomb 原子弹
17.a railway tunnel 一条铁路隧道
18.wheat harvest 麦收
19.a smoky flavour 烟熏的味道
20.receive widespread support 得到广泛的支持
21.digest food properly 正常消化食物
22.essential conditions 完全必要的条件
23.the intake of minerals 矿物质的摄入量
24.have no alternative 别无选择
25.instances of injustice 不公正的实例
26.the root of the problem 这个问题的根源
27.in this aspect 在这方面
28.a small grocery 一家小食品杂货店
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.devote vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
devoted adj.　 　 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的
devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
2.shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺
short adj. 短的;矮的;缺乏的;简略的
shorten vt.& vi. 缩短
3.convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
convincing adj. 有说服力的;令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信的;坚信的
4.assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
assume v. 假定;设想;承担;假装
assuming conj. 假定;假设
5.expand vt.& vi. 扩大;增加
vt. 扩展;发展(业务)
expansion n. 扩大;扩张;扩充
6.consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
consume vt. 消耗;消费;吃;喝
consumer n. 消费者;用户;客户
7.reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实
real adj. 真实的
realise vt. 实现;意识到
8.salty adj. 含盐的;咸的
salt n. 盐
9.extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
extend vt. 伸开;展开;延伸
extensive adj. 广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
10.chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的
n. 化学制品;化学品
chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
chemically adv. 化学上地
chemistry n. 化学
11.nutrition n. 营养;滋养
nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
nutritious adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的
12.poverty n. 贫穷;贫困
poor adj. 贫穷的
poorly adv. 糟糕地 adj.不适;不舒服
13.depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
deep adj. 深的
deeply adv. 深深地;强烈地
deepen vt. 加深;(使)变深
14.entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
entire adj. 全部的;完全的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
2.devote...to 把……用于;献身;致力;专心
3.cause damage to 对……造成损害
4.be rich in 富含……;……含量高
5.depend on 依靠
6.focus on 关注;聚焦
7.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
8.for instance 例如;比如
9.far from 远非;绝不是
10.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(what引导主语从句)
然而,最让他担心的是,农民常常收成不好,有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
2.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(it作形式主语)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
3.Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
4.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.(现在分词短语作状语)
种植不同的作物是因为他们把重要的矿物质带回土壤,使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。
5.Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.(人物描写)
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-th构成抽象名词,表示行为、性质、状态、情况
直接加-th warm→warmth温暖;grow→growth成长
去掉尾字母e加-th true→truth真理;wide→width宽度
去掉中间字母e加-th deep→depth深度
把ong改为eng再加-th long→length长度;strong→strength力量
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.face a crisis 面临危机
2.domestic markets国内市场
3.a web celebrity一位网络名人
4.sweep with a broom 用扫帚打扫
5.urban environments城市环境
6.alleviate loneliness减轻孤独感
7.chemical fertilisers化学肥料
8.chemical pesticide 化学农药
9.kill the bacterium 杀死细菌
10.organic farming有机农业
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.tackle vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
2.attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
3.overcome vt.(overcame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜
4.output n.产量;输出;输出量 vt.(output,output)输出
5.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
6.leisure n.闲暇;休闲;空闲
7.soil n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
8.vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像
9.widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
10.digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
11.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
12.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
13.root n.根;根茎;根部;根源
14.aspect n.方面;层面
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj.挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的→devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱
2.short adj.短的;矮的;缺乏的;简略的→shorten vt.& vi.缩短→shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服→convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的;坚信的
4.assume v.假定;设想;承担;假装→assuming conj.假定;假设→assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
5.expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n.扩大;扩张;扩充
6.consume vt.消耗;消费;吃;喝→consumer n.消费者;用户;客户→consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费
7.real adj.真实的→reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→realise vt.实现;意识到
8.salt n.盐→salty adj.含盐的;咸的
9.extend vt.伸开;展开;延伸→extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extensive adj.广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
10.chemist n.化学家;药剂师→chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→chemically adv.化学上地→chemistry n.化学
11.nutrition n.营养;滋养→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
12.poor adj.贫穷的→poorly adv.糟糕地 adj.不适;不舒服→poverty n.贫穷;贫困
13.deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地;强烈地→deepen vt.加深;(使)变深→depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.be comprised of
包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
2.devote...to把……用于;献身;致力;专心
3.be rich in富含……;……含量高
4.depend on依靠
5.focus on关注;聚焦
6.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
7.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
8.far from远非;绝不是
9.for instance例如;比如
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:what引导主语从句
What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.(人物介绍)
给我印象最深的是,每当我遇到困难时,我的叔叔总会激励我坚持自己的梦想。
2.句型公式:given that引导状语从句
Given that there was little time left,the children have done quite well.
考虑到剩下的时间不多了,孩子们做得相当好。
3.句型公式:it作形式主语
It is estimated that the population of the whole city is about one million.(情况介绍)
据估计,全市人口大约有一百万。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Apart from what you have mentioned above,do you have any alternative (可供替代的) plan
2.With the development of science and technology,the house in the future will be smart and caring in many aspects (方面).
3.I estimate (估算) that the total cost of treatment will go from $9,000 to $12,500.
4.We have received widespread (广泛的) support for the new proposal and there is ample evidence showing that the new scheme is workable.
5.India attained independence from Britain in 1947 after a long struggle.
6.Water is essential for all known forms of life,without which nothing can survive and continue.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.In an ideal world there would be no poverty (poor) and disease.
2.Her childhood dream became a reality (real) when she became a film star.
3.Bethune,a devoted friend of Chinese,devoted his life to helping Chinese.I really respect his devotion to medical work.(devote)
4.A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.
5.If you are in need of a deadline extension (extend),simply explain the situation to the professor.
6.We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth (deep) of her knowledge.
Ⅲ.短语填空
be comprised of;in turn;deep down;
for instance;devote to;focus on
1.What’s more,robots can deal with emergencies.For instance,if an old man falls ill suddenly,the robot will call doctors for help.
2.It’s our parents’ hope that we students should resist temptations but just focus on study and exams alone.
3.Theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
4.Deep down,it is humans who should take responsibility for natural disasters.
5.As I stepped into Senior 3,I had to devote most of my spare time to studying.
6.It is said that this medical team is comprised of many famous medical experts.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our class is comprised of thirty students,most of 1.whom come from the countryside in poverty.Deep down,all of us envision 2.ourselves(us) attaining respectful jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams 3.rooted(root) in our hearts,we work hard and devote ourselves to our study all days.We are greatly convinced that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision and boost our ability 4.to tackle(tackle) crises.We learn by combining conventional learning methods 5.with modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learned in the future.Certainly,6.it is essential that we shouldn’t yield to difficulties.Indeed,too much homework tends to generate much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety when not 7.digesting(digest) what we are taught,but we have alternative methods to alleviate our frustration.For instance,we can relax ourselves in leisure time.Besides,keeping a nutritious diet is also essential even though we have a 8.shortage(short) of money.On the assumption that we always have such 9.an intense and widespread interest in study,it is estimated that we can put our dreams into reality,which in turn can enable us to live a 10.better (good) life that we have been looking forward to.
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于(常与介词to连用)
(devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的 devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱)
佳句背诵　
The doctor devotes all his time to saving people’s life,winning respect from the country.(人物介绍)
这位医生毕生致力于挽救人们的生命,因而赢得了全国人民的尊重。
devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给;把……专注于;献身;致力
devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事;献身于(做)某事
be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①Yuan Longping devoted himself (he) to studying hybrid rice and he was respected by people all over the world.(人物介绍)
→Devoting himself to studying hybrid rice,Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
→Devoted to studying hybrid rice,Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(形容词短语作状语)
教考衔接　单句写作
②Sun Yat-sen devoted all his life to improving and strengthening China.Though he did not live to fully realize his vision,Sun is still remembered as a great politician.(人物介绍;2023·全国甲卷)
孙中山一生致力于改善和强大中国。虽然他在世时未能完全实现他的愿景,但仍然作为一位伟大的政治家被人们铭记。
2.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
(convinced adj.确信的;坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的)
佳句背诵　
My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself,for which I’m really grateful.
我的父母一直说服我去挑战自己,对此我非常感激。
convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that... 使某人相信……
be convinced (that...)/of... (某人)坚信……
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
②I am convinced (convince) that you like paper-cutting,so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(邀请信)
→Convinced that you like paper-cutting,I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(分词短语作状语)
教考衔接　单句写作
③After a long discussion,I finally convinced him to take up the challenge and decide to join in the cross-country run,which would test both his endurance and determination.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
经过长时间的讨论,我终于说服了他接受挑战并决定参加越野赛,这将考验他的耐力和决心。
片段巩固 用devote;convince完成续写片段
续写训练之情节线:莎拉致力于学习→朋友邀请她加入学校的辩论队→她不确定自己是否能够同时兼顾→说服自己可以平衡时间→决定尝试一下→加入辩论队成为她做过的最好的决定之一 Sarah was always devoted to her studies.However,when her friend invited her to join the school’s debate team,she wasn’t sure if she could handle both.After some thought,Sarah convinced herself that she could balance her time and decided to give it a try.Joining the debate team turned out to be one of the best decisions she ever made.
3.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得(assume v.假定;设想;承担;假装
assuming conj.假定;假设)
佳句背诵　
We make an assumption that everyone invited will turn up at the party and is making preparations.
我们假设每个被邀请的人都会出席聚会,并且正在做准备。
on the assumption that...　　　 假定……
make an assumption 作出主观推断
assume sb/sth (to be)+adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that... 人们普遍认为……
assuming (that)... 假设……
以练促学　单句语法填空/句式升级
①The teacher assumed the new student to be (be) shy because he didn’t participate in class discussions during his first week.(人物描写)
②People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(it作形式主语)
教考衔接　单句写作
③Some students may share common interests or learning needs,and they can help and motivate each other.However,on the assumption that/assuming that they are assigned to different groups,their full potential might not be realized.(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
有些学生可能有共同的兴趣或学习需求,他们可以互相帮助和激励。然而,假设他们被分配到了不同的小组,他们的潜力可能无法得到充分发挥。
4.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)
佳句背诵　
The Internet also provides us with an alternative to communicating with others.
互联网还为我们提供了一种与他人沟通的替代方式。
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I could come to your house,or alternatively (alternative),we could meet in the town.
②After missing the last bus,we had no alternative but to walk home in the rain.
错过最后一班公交车后,我们别无选择,只好在雨中步行回家。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Firstly,shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility,offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.(发言稿;2024·全国甲卷)
首先,共享单车已成为城市出行的象征,为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠且绿色的选择。
5.in turn转而;相应地;反过来;依次;轮流
佳句背诵　
In the past,it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn,we should give a helping hand to them from now on.(发言稿;2020·天津卷)
过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们,反过来,我们也应该从现在开始帮助他们。
by turns　　　　　　　　 轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that... 结果……
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①They cleaned the house by turns,one sweeping the floors while the other dusted the furniture.
②When it was my turn to give a speech,I was a little nervous.
当轮到我演讲的时候,我有点紧张。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Some student representatives take turns to deliver speeches in the meeting.Finally it is my turn to speak.(发言稿;2020·天津卷)
一些学生代表在会议中轮流发言。终于轮到我发言了。
④It turned out that the children’s efforts paid off when the popcorn was sold out quickly.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
结果爆米花很快就售光了,孩子们的努力取得了回报。
片段巩固 用assumption;alternative;in turn完成一段学习心得体会
心得体会之写作提示:起初,认为参加额外的课程是提高成绩的唯一方法→找到了一个替代方案:小组学习→这个替代方案反过来帮助他们更好地理解难题→可以一起讨论问题,相互学习对方的长处 At first,students made an assumption that taking extra classes was the only way to improve grades.However,many students found an alternative: studying in groups.This alternative,in turn,helped them understand difficult subjects better,as they could discuss problems together and learn from each other’s strengths.
1.digest /da d est/ vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 / da d est/ n.文摘(生义);摘要
①It took me a long time to digest the theory put forward at the meeting.vt.领会;领悟
②This food digests well,so you can feed it to your baby.vi.消化
③I will send you a monthly news digest as a birthday gift.n.文摘
2.flavour / fle v / n.味道;特点;特色 vt.给……调味(生义)
①French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavour bombs.n.味道
②As you know,I like essays with an acrid flavour.n.特点
③Mother flavours her custards with lemon extract.vt.给……调味
④This movie really catches the flavour of New York.n.特色
3.overcome / v k m/ vt.克服;解决;战胜(生义)
①Cheer up and you are bound to overcome the present difficulty.vt.克服;解决
②In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.vt.战胜
4.root /ru t/ n.根;根茎;根部;根源(生义)
①The roots of the old tree spread deep into the ground,providing stability even during strong winds.n.根;根茎
②The root of the problem lies in poor communication between team members.n.根源
③The gardener carefully trimmed (修剪) the roots of the plant before replanting it in a larger pot.n.根部
5.yield /ji ld/ n.产量;产出 vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服;让步(生义)
①The yield of corn this year was higher than expected due to favorable weather conditions.n.产量;产出
②The new farming techniques have yielded better crops and higher profits for the farmers.vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)
③After a long debate,he finally yielded to his parents’ wishes and chose to study law.vi.屈服;让步
6.boost /bu st/ vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长;提高;激励(生义)
Emily decided to boost① her math skills by practicing every day after school.This extra effort gave her a significant boost② in her test scores,and her confidence received a boost③ as well.Her teacher noticed the improvement and praised her hard work,which motivated her to keep going.①vt.使增长　②n.增长;提高　③n.激励
句型公式:given that引导条件状语从句
课本原句:Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
佳句背诵　
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival,Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.(节日介绍)
鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣,我写信向您介绍端午节。
“given that”作连词,后接状语从句,意为“假如;考虑到;既然”
以练促学　单句写作
①Given that there was nobody to help him,he instantly seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength.(动作链)
考虑到没有人帮他,他立即抓牢自行车,用尽全力把它扔向了狼。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Given that we students need more physical exercise,our school organized a cross-country running race last Sunday.(活动介绍;2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
考虑到我们学生需要更多的体育锻炼,我们学校上周日举行了一次越野赛跑。
维度一　单元知识运用
1.The scientist is devoted to researching (research) new methods for renewable energy.
2.I finally convinced my brother to join (join) the school’s soccer team after showing him how much fun it could be.
3.They planned the picnic on the assumption (assume) that the weather would be sunny.
4.When the car broke down,we had no alternative but to walk (walk) the rest of the way.
5.Her kindness inspired others,and they,in turn,spread kindness to others.
6.What surprised everyone was how quickly the project was completed.
7.Given (give) that it was her first time cooking,the meal turned out to be delicious.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.To tackle the problem of pollution,the government introduced stricter environmental regulations.
为了解决污染问题,政府推出了更严格的环境法规。
2.She worked hard to overcome her fear of public speaking by practicing in front of small groups.
她通过在小团体前练习,努力克服对公众演讲的恐惧。
3.It is estimated that over one million people will attend the festival this year.
据估计,今年将有超过一百万人参加这个节日。
4.The book is comprised of ten chapters,each focusing on a different aspect of history.
这本书由十章组成,每章都侧重于历史的不同方面。
5.She seemed confident,but deep down,she was very nervous about the competition.
她看起来很自信,但在内心深处,她对比赛非常紧张。
6.Many fruits,for instance,apples and oranges,are rich in vitamins.
许多水果,例如苹果和橙子,都富含维生素。
7.Her love for nature is deeply rooted in her childhood experiences in the countryside.
她对大自然的热爱深深植根于她的乡村童年经历。
8.In every aspect of her life,she strives to do her best and be kind to others.
在生活的每一个方面,她都努力做到最好并善待他人。
维度三　单元话题写作(短文投稿——用英文讲中国故事)
(2023·全国甲卷改编)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国优秀伟人为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.人物简介及事迹;
2.意义或启示。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.我相信,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国农业发展中最具影响力的人物之一。(convince)
I am convinced that Yuan Longping,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”,is one of the most influential figures in China’s agricultural development.
2.他毕生致力于研发高产水稻品种,这些品种极大地增加了中国的粮食产量,并帮助许多发展中国家缓解了饥饿。(devote...to;alleviate;定语从句)
He devoted his entire life to developing high-yield rice varieties,which have greatly increased China’s food production and helped alleviate hunger in many developing countries.
3.面对研究经费和先进研究设备的短缺,他没有放弃,而是竭尽全力逐个克服这些困难。(shortage;overcome)
Faced with the shortage of research funds and advanced research equipment,he didn’t give up but spared no effort to overcome them one by one.
4.鉴于他已经实现了自己想要的,很多人可能会认为他会退休过悠闲的生活,但他没有。(given that...;leisure)
Given that he had achieved what he wanted,many people might think he would have retired to a life of leisure,but he didn’t.
5.即使在晚年,他仍在不断地追求梦想,研发产量更高的品种,这对我们所有人而言都是一种激励。(strain;yield;定语从句)
He kept on dreaming up and developing strains with higher yields even in his later years,which serves as an inspiration to us all.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
I am convinced that Yuan Longping,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”,is one of the most influential figures in China’s agricultural development.
He devoted his entire life to developing high-yield rice varieties,which have greatly increased China’s food production and helped alleviate hunger in many developing countries.He was a person of high perseverance and determination.Faced with the shortage of research funds and advanced research equipment,he didn’t give up but spared no effort to overcome them one by one.Without his efforts,many people in the world might still stay in hunger.
Given that he had achieved what he wanted,many people might think he would have retired to a life of leisure,but he didn’t.He kept on dreaming up and developing strains with higher yields even in his later years,which serves as an inspiration to us all.
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:新同学杰克被同学嘲笑为“垃圾王”,但后来通过他的发明才华改变了同学们对他的看法,杰克提到他的最新发明遇到了一个问题,即如何让一辆用来买蔬菜的小推车的质量变轻,除了车轮外,其他材料都解决了。
场景续写1:
回到家喝了一瓶水→“我”突然有了一个想法→能不能用瓶盖作为蔬菜车的轮子呢 →这似乎是一个简单的解决方案→第二天“我”与小组分享了“我”的想法→杰克意识到这个建议的潜力时,他的眼睛充满了热情→“我们”立即开始搜集尽可能多的瓶盖
When I got home and drank a bottle of water,I suddenly had an idea.　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
杰克确实采纳了“我”的建议→他在蔬菜车上装上了一排瓶盖作为轮子→集体努力和创造力结出了果实→车子滚动得很顺利→这次经历教会了“我们”合作、创新的力量
Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart.　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
When I got home and drank a bottle of water,I suddenly had an idea.What if we could use bottle caps as wheels for Jack’s vegetable cart It seemed like a simple solution,but it could work if we found enough bottle caps.Excited,I shared my idea with the group the next day.Jack’s eyes lit up with enthusiasm as he realized the potential of this suggestion.We immediately set out to collect as many bottle caps as we could find,not only searching the garbage dumps but also asking friends and family to save them for us.
Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart.It was a moment of triumph for all of us,seeing our collective efforts and creativity come to fruition.The cart rolled smoothly,and we celebrated our success with high-fives and laughter.This experience taught us the power of collaboration,innovation,and looking beyond the surface of things.Inspired by Jack’s ingenuity,our group continued to explore ways to repurpose waste,knowing that small actions could lead to big changes in our community and beyond.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B)
Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand,let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him,it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just don’t think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文,文章主要呼吁人们节约粮食,减少浪费,珍惜劳动成果,保护自然资源。
24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,更糟糕的是,作者不假思索地买了太多芝麻菜,而作者本可以用扔掉的芝麻菜做六份沙拉。由此可知,我们有时会在无意中浪费食物,故选B项。]
25.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知,生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源,这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知,食物浪费的一个后果是对环境的危害,故选B项。]
26.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields.可知,该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品,回收了超过807,500磅的食物,否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知,Curtin的公司会将一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物,故选D项。]
27.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段Curtin所说的话可推断出,Curtin建议人们不要买过多的食物,就购买自己所需要的量就好,故选A项。]
思维建模
1.一个命题原则——定位信息知晓导向性
命题人一般会遵循顺序性原则,即一篇阅读短文的第二个小题的题眼(答案信息点)一般在第一个小题后面,第三个小题的题眼又会在第二个小题后面,依次类推。了解这一原则对于迅速定位信息有重要的导向作用。
以例示法
24题的答案在第一段最后一句;25题的答案在第三段第一、二句;26题的答案在第四段;27题的答案在最后一段。根据这一规律,能够迅速定位关键信息。
2.两种读文技巧——选定其一养成习惯性
以例示法
上面两种方法的采用依个人习惯和文章具体特点而定。如应用文一般采用“先题后文”法,而对于记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议文体(如该篇文章)等文体,“文章→问题→文章”法更合适。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:roast adj.烘烤的,烤制的;stick v.(迅速而随意地)摆放,放置;Para.2:jaw-dropping adj.令人吃惊的;grocer n.食品杂货商,食品杂货店;Para.4:rot v.(使)腐败,(使)腐烂; Para.5:purchase v.购买 Para.1:go to waste被浪费掉;go bad变质腐坏; even worse更糟糕的是;Para.2:go against不利于;违反;反对;moral grain道德准则;throw away扔掉,丢弃; large amounts of大量;Para.4:at the back of在……背后,支持;在……的后面;Para.5:play a part in参与;起作用;扮演角色
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against the moral grain,”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句。句子主干为主谓状结构;where引导定语从句,修饰先行词world;as引导定语从句,修饰food waste goes against the moral grain。 [尝试翻译]　在一个每年近8亿人挨饿的世界里,正如Elizabeth Royte在本月的封面故事中所写,“浪费食物违背了道德原则。” [语言赏析]　文章通过引用Elizabeth Royte的话,不仅增强了句子的权威性,也借助这位知名作家的观点来进一步强调了食物浪费的问题。此外,数字的使用也增强了句子的说服力和冲击力,通过具体数字nearly 800 million people来强调全球饥饿问题的严重性,帮助读者更直观地理解问题的规模。
课时作业　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·贵阳高三适应性考试)
A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity.People with obesity are considered medically overweight.The study,published in the medical publication The Lancet,said that one in eight people are obese.Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022.Obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990.Among young people aged 5 to 19,the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period.
“A staggering number of people are living with obesity,and severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death,” declared the lead writer of the study,Majid Ezzati,a professor at Imperial College London.
The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022,member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity.So far,31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan.
These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children.In addition,governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies.They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools.
Imperial College London’s Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations.But they are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people,meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems.
Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO.He told reporters,“In the past,we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich,but obesity is a problem of the world.Although new obesity drugs—such as Ozempic and Wegovy—could be helpful tools in reducing obesity,they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关肥胖的新的研究发现,并分析了肥胖这一社会性问题、采取的相应措施以及应对肥胖时存在的问题等。
1.What does the underlined word “staggering” mean
A.Satisfying. B.Amazing.
C.Astonishing. D.Puzzling.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity”和“one in eight people are obese”以及“around 43 percent of adults were overweight...Obesity among adults has more than doubled...increased by four times during the same period”可知,世界上的肥胖人数众多,有八分之一的人口肥胖,且肥胖率自1990年以来增加了一倍多。由此可见,肥胖的人数是一个令人震惊的数字,故选C项。]
2.What is included in the plan led by 31 governments
A.Setting laws to ban the sale of unhealthy food.
B.Increasing the cost for people to consume healthy food.
C.Attaching importance to physical activity.
D.Offering lower-priced obesity drugs to people.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools”(加强对学校体育活动的要求)可知,31个政府带头执行的计划包括对体育锻炼的重视,故选C项。]
3.What does Ezzati mean by mentioning the “double burden”
A.Some countries are suffering both poverty and obesity.
B.Some countries are suffering both poor nutrition and obesity.
C.Obesity is common in both poor and wealthy countries.
D.Obesity is a heavy burden for some countries.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中该短语前面的“obesity rates...are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people”可知,其他国家的 肥胖率迅速增加,一些国家还有很多体重不足的人,这些国家正在面临着被Ezzati称为“double burden”的营养问题。由此可见,Ezzati提到“double burden”的意思是一些国家可能同时遭遇营养不良和肥胖问题,故选B项。]
4.What is Branca’s attitude to the obesity problem
A.Negative. B.Indifferent.
C.Ambiguous. D.Optimistic.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中Branca所说的“obesity is a problem of the world...the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality”可知,Branca认为肥胖是一个全球性问题,而减肥药的成本和可用性可能会加剧不平等现象。由此可见,Branca对肥胖问题是持消极态度的,故选A项。]
(2025·吉林高三模拟三)
In 1986,King Charles suggested talking to plants,a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect,react to,and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years,Heidi Appel,a botanist and Reginald Cocroft,an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects.The researchers recorded the vibrations (震动) from caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed on leaves.Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present.The results were striking.Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals,making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat.The research may have practical consequences,such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats,offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants,like pea plants,can “hear” water through sound,with roots responding to water-related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible.This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant roots.The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots.The solution,she says,might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally,the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress,due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage,make high frequency sounds,which can be detected even in noisy environments.This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture,potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved,these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants’ ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment.Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization,and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect.Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了1986年,Charles国王建议与植物交谈,这一想法最初遭到嘲笑,但现在有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应,并可能产生声音。
5.What was the original reaction to King Charles’s suggestion
A.Ambiguous. B.Favourable.
C.Indifferent. D.Opposed.
答案　D　[观点态度题。根据第一段中的“In 1986...a thought initially mocked”可知,Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑,即被当时的人们反对,故选D项。]
6.What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to
A.Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
B.Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
C.Stimulating plants to release anti-pest chemicals.
D.Developing new types of protective pesticides.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,Heidi和Reginald通过研究发现,暴露在毛虫咀嚼树叶时发出的震动声中的叶子明显含有更高水平的防御性化学物质,这使得毛虫更难吃到它们。这项研究可能会产生实际影响,比如使用配备扬声器的无人机来警告农作物害虫的威胁,为化学农药提供一种环保的替代品。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法,即通过刺激植物,让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质,故选C项。]
7.Why is employing silent pipes suggested
A.To reduce noise pollution.
B.To protect sewer systems.
C.To improve water transportation.
D.To attract plant roots to accessible water.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Monica的进一步研究表明,像豌豆这样的植物可以通过声音“听到”水,因此即使是在无法接触到水的情况下,它们的根也会对与水有关的震动做出反应。这一发现可以对防止植物的根系对下水道系统造成损害,而解决办法可能是购买一种可以在水流经过时保持静音的管道。由此可知,使用静音管道是为了保护下水道系统,故选B项。]
8.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
答案　C　[写作手法题。文章第一段总体提出现有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音;第二、三、四段介绍了三个研究作为该观点的证据;最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。所以文章为总分总结构,故选C项。]
(2025·杭州外国语学校高三模拟)
This Christmas,Renate Bello,56,will spend the holiday taking care of her neighbor’s dogs in Easthampton,Mass.It’s the same way she spent Thanksgiving.Without any family or close friends nearby,holidays can be an especially lonely time,she said.For her,pet sitting is a joy,and one way that she copes with solitude.
“I know a number of people,” she said.“But they are not necessarily people I would call up to say,‘Let’s go hang out.” Ms.Bello owns a medical billing business that often requires long hours at home,which contributes to her isolation.“I don’t have any life,and I need to find that balance”,she said.But taking friendships to the next level can be difficult,Ms.Bello added.Sometimes,she admitted,she feels “inadequate”—like an outsider.
It’s concerning,then,that more than half of Americans say they are lonely,according to a 2021 poll.“We all feel lonely at times just like we all feel hunger or thirst,” Dr.Murthy,a psychologist from NYU,said.“There is no reason to be ashamed of being human.” Even those who have plenty of friends can experience loneliness.
Building relationships takes time.Try not to expect too much initially.“Often it takes a series of encounters,” said Charles T.Hill,a professor of social psychology at Whittier College.As you get to know people,ask yourself:Who can I connect with at a deep level Who will be there for me More often than not,we tend to connect with those who share commonalities with us.“If you’re a bookworm,don’t expect your next best buddy at the bar,” said Louise Hawkley,a research scientist who studies loneliness at NORC,a social research organization at the University of Chicago.
Volunteering is also a way to broaden our social networks that can feel less anxiety provoking than,say,showing up at a party.In a study of 10,000 volunteers in Britain,about two thirds agreed that volunteering had helped them feel less isolated.
“Lonely people have more control over the situation than they think they do,” Dr.Hawkley said.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状,指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态,并提供了解决孤独的办法。
9.What do we know about Ms.Bello
A.She is a successful and independent entrepreneur.
B.She always puts her job before her family and friends.
C.She longs to build deeper connections with people.
D.She prefers dogs to humans on holiday occasions.
答案　C　[细节理解题。题干的问题是“我们对贝洛女士了解些什么 ”;根据第一段内容可知,她感到孤独;再根据第二段内容可知,Ms Bello渴望化解这样的孤独,与人建立更深层的联系,故选C项。]
10.Which statement might Dr.Murthy agree on
A.Lonely people are more likely to feel starved.
B.Loneliness is a universal human experience.
C.Feeling embarrassed of loneliness is unavoidable.
D.Denying loneliness contributes to better self-esteem.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We all feel lonely...friends can experience loneliness.”可知,Murthy博士认为大家都会感到孤独,这是很正常的事情。由此可推知,他可能会同意“孤独是一种普遍的人类体验”这一观点,故选B项。]
11.To improve the quality of social connections,one is encouraged to do the following EXCEPT 　　　　.
A.lowering their expectation and being patient
B.going to parties as often as possible
C.socializing with people who share common interests
D.offering support to someone else
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Building relationships...those who share commonalities with us.”以及第五段中的“Volunteering is also a way...showing up at a party.”可知,作者的建议包括尽量不要期望太高且保持耐心,与那些与我们有共同点的人建立联系,以及通过志愿工作来帮助他人,但不包括“尽可能多地参加聚会”,故选B项。]
12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.How to kill solitude for good
B.Loneliness:not the end of the world
C.A friend in need is a friend indeed
D.To socialize or not to socialize—that is a question
答案　B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状,并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态,还提供了解决孤独的办法。由此可知,文章的中心是孤独并不可怕,有很多在我们能力范围内可以解决的办法。B选项“孤独:不是世界末日”最适合作文章标题,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·长沙一中高三模拟)
The Importance of Being Independent
The ability to be independent is something not everyone possesses.　1　 And learning to support yourself is fundamental for any success you ever hope to achieve.At the end of the day,you only have yourself to fall back on,so it’s very important to be able to handle things on your own.
People rely on others far more than it is necessary.People put their happiness in the hands of a significant person,thinking this will bring them satisfaction.　2　
Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not.　3　 Therefore,you need to learn how to make decisions on your own.People are unable to be independent for a variety of reasons,with fear being the biggest:the fear of being alone,the fear of rejection and the fear of the future.
However,there is no reason to base your life decisions on relationships with people.All relationships end at some point or another.　4　 The only thing you can do is alter your understanding of relationships.Instead of expecting them to make you happy by being in your life and providing enjoyment,appreciate the time spent and enjoyment since you know it will be gone.
　5　 Don’t ask for advice,do what you want and learn from your own mistakes.Many people are afraid to think for themselves because that involves taking responsibility for their own lives.This is just one way people become dependent.We are born alone and we die alone,so we each have to take responsibility for our lives at every step along the way.
A.There is nothing you can do to change or affect that.
B.This is a serious error too many people make these days.
C.Make decisions by and for yourself,whatever they may be.
D.You can control your own life by making your own choices.
E.However,you need to be independent in order to survive in the world.
F.In any moment of decision,the best thing you can do is wait for the right time.
G.Not only are you limiting yourself,you are also likely to become a burden to this person.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要围绕着“独立”的重要性论述了其对于个人成长和成功的重要性。
1.E　[根据空前“The ability to be independent is something not everyone possesses.”可知,不是每个人都具备独立的能力;再根据空后“And learning...you ever hope to achieve.”可知,独立是成功的基础。选项E“However,you need to be independent in order to survive in the world.(然而,为了在这个世界上生存,你需要独立。)”承上启下,与上文存在转折关系,指的是虽然不是每个人都具备独立的能力,但是我们必须要独立才能生存,同时引出下文,指出我们应该学会独立,故选E项。]
2.B　[根据空前“People rely...bring them satisfaction.”可知,人们总是过度依赖别人;而根据下文“Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not.”可判断,总是依赖他人是不对的。选项B“This is a serious error too many people make these days.(这是现在很多人都犯的一个严重错误。)”是对上文内容的总结,指出人们总是过度依赖他人的行为是错误的,故选B项。]
3.G　[根据空前“Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not.”可知,我们不应该总是依赖别人。选项G“Not only are you limiting yourself,you are also likely to become a burden to this person.(你不仅限制了自己,还可能成为对方的负担。)”是上文内容的自然延续,指的是如果我们总是依赖别人,我们不但限制了自己还可能成为对方的负担,故选G项。]
4.A　[根据空前“However...some point or another.”可知,所有的关系都有结束的时候;而根据下文“The only thing...relationships.”可知,我们唯一能做的就是改变对人际关系的理解。选项A“There is nothing you can do to change or affect that.(你无法改变或影响这一点。)”承上启下,承接上文说明我们无法改变这一点,并引出下文说明我们只有改变自己对人际关系的理解,故选A项。]
5.C　[空处为段首句,为本段主要内容。根据下文“Don’t ask for advice...at every step along the way.”可知,在本段中,作者建议我们做自己想做的,为自己的每一步负责。选项C“Make decisions by and for yourself,whatever they may be.(自己做决定并且为自己而做,不管决定是什么。)”与本段内容相符,指出对于自己的人生,我们应该独立做出遵从自己内心的决定,故选C项。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.2:severe adj.极为恶劣的,十分严重的;严厉的,苛刻的;declare v.公布,宣布,宣告;表明,宣称,断言;Para.4:enact v.通过(法律),扮演;nutrition n.营养,滋养;营养学;awareness n.知道,认识,意识
B Para.1:initially adv.开始,起初;potentially adv.潜在地,可能地;Para.2:striking adj.惊人的; significantly adv.重大地,显著地;alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.非传统的;可替代的; Para.3:implication n.可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意,暗指;Para.4:insufficient adj.不充分的,不足的;address v.设法解决,处理;演讲;向……说话;致函;Para.5:fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;perceive v.注意到,察觉到
C Para.1:cope v.应对;solitude n.孤独;Para.2:isolation n.孤立;Para.3:psychologist n.心理学家;Para.4:encounter n.遭遇;Para.5:anxiety n.焦虑;isolated adj.孤立的
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:one in eight八分之一;Para.2:long list of一长串的;Para.5:double burden双重负担; nutrition problems营养问题
B Para.2:be sensitive to对……敏感;Para.3:invest in投资;Para.5:cast light on sth使了解某事,使(问题等)较容易理解
C Para.1:take care of照顾;cope with应对;Para.2:go hang out出去玩;find that balance找到平衡;Para.4:take time花时间
长 难 句 式 C Para.5:In a study of 10,000 volunteers in Britain,about two thirds agreed that volunteering had helped them feel less isolated. [分析]　这是一个复合句。that引导从句作动词agreed的宾语。 [译文]　在英国一项对1万名志愿者的研究中,大约三分之二的人同意志愿服务帮助他们感到不那么孤立。(共159张PPT)
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
选择性必修第一册
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
读写素养培优
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.hybrid n.　　　　　杂交植(动)物;合成物;混合动力车
2.crisis n.(pl.crises) 危机;危急关头
3.conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的
4.pollinate vt. 授粉;传粉
5.domestic adj. 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
6.strain n. (动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力
7.celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
8.envision vt. 展望;想象
9.sorghum n. 高粱;高粱米
10.broom n. 扫把;扫帚;金雀花
11.urban adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
12.alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解
13.fertiliser (NAmE-izer) n. 肥料
14.organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
15.pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
16.bacterium n.(pl.bacteria) 细菌
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.tackle the problem　　 　 处理这个问题
2.boost his confidence 增强他的信心
3.high yield 高产量
4.a characteristic feature 一个典型的特征
5.attain a pilot’s licence 获得飞行员执照
6.an intense debate 一场激烈的争论
7.overcome fear 克服恐惧
8.video output 视频输出
9.a rough estimate 粗略的估计
prise 327 paintings 包括327幅画
11.generate profit 产生利润
12.at my leisure 在我闲暇时
13.soft soil 软土
14.broad vision 广阔的视野
15.a shortage of grain 谷物短缺
16.the atomic bomb 原子弹
17.a railway tunnel 一条铁路隧道
18.wheat harvest 麦收
19.a smoky flavour 烟熏的味道
20.receive widespread support 得到广泛的支持
21.digest food properly 正常消化食物
22.essential conditions 完全必要的条件
23.the intake of minerals 矿物质的摄入量
24.have no alternative 别无选择
25.instances of injustice 不公正的实例
26.the root of the problem 这个问题的根源
27.in this aspect 在这方面
28.a small grocery 一家小食品杂货店
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.devote vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
devoted adj.　 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的
devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
2.shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺
short adj. 短的;矮的;缺乏的;简略的
shorten vt.& vi. 缩短
3.convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
convincing adj. 有说服力的;令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信的;坚信的
4.assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
assume v. 假定;设想;承担;假装
assuming conj. 假定;假设
5.expand vt.& vi. 扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
expansion n. 扩大;扩张;扩充
6.consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
consume vt. 消耗;消费;吃;喝
consumer n. 消费者;用户;客户
7.reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实
real adj. 真实的
realise vt. 实现;意识到
8.salty adj. 含盐的;咸的
salt n. 盐
9.extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
extend vt. 伸开;展开;延伸
extensive adj. 广阔的;大规模的;广泛的
10.chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的
n. 化学制品;化学品
chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
chemically adv. 化学上地
chemistry n. 化学
11.nutrition n. 营养;滋养
nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
nutritious adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的
12.poverty n. 贫穷;贫困
poor adj. 贫穷的
poorly adv. 糟糕地 adj.不适;不舒服
13.depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
deep adj. 深的
deeply adv. 深深地;强烈地
deepen vt. 加深;(使)变深
14.entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
entire adj. 全部的;完全的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
2.devote...to 把……用于;献身;致力;专心
3.cause damage to 对……造成损害
4.be rich in 富含……;……含量高
5.depend on 依靠
6.focus on 关注;聚焦
7.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
8.for instance 例如;比如
9.far from 远非;绝不是
10.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(what引导主语从句)
然而,最让他担心的是,农民常常收成不好,有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
2.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(it作形式主语)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
3.Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
4.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.
(现在分词短语作状语)种植不同的作物是因为他们把重要的矿物质带回土壤,使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。
5.Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.(人物描写)
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-th构成抽象名词,表示行为、性质、状态、情况
直接加-th warm→warmth温暖;grow→growth成长
去掉尾字母e加-th true→truth真理;wide→width宽度
去掉中间字母e加-th deep→depth深度
把ong改为eng再加-th long→length长度;strong→strength力量
单 元 默 写 检 测
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.face a crisis 　　　　 面临____________
2.domestic markets ____________市场
3.a web celebrity 一位网络____________
4.sweep with a broom 用____________打扫
5.urban environments ____________环境
危机
国内
名人
扫帚
城市
6.alleviate loneliness ____________孤独感
7.chemical fertilisers 化学____________
8.chemical pesticide 化学____________
9.kill the bacterium 杀死____________
10.organic farming ____________农业
减轻
肥料
农药
细菌
有机
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.____________ vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2.____________ vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
3.____________ vt.(____________，__________)克服；解决；战胜
4.____________ n.产量；输出；输出量 vt.(____________，
____________)输出
5.____________ vt.估计；估价；估算 n.估计；估算
6.____________ n.闲暇；休闲；空闲
tackle
attain
overcome
overcame
overcome
output
output
output
estimate
leisure
7.____________ n.泥土；土壤；国土；领土
8.____________ n.想象；视力；视野；影像
9.____________ adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
10.____________ vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n.摘要；文摘
11.____________ adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
12.____________ n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
13.____________ n.根；根茎；根部；根源
14.____________ n.方面；层面
soil
vision
widespread
digest
essential
alternative
root
aspect
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.____________ vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→____________ adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的→____________ n.奉献；忠诚；挚爱
2.____________ adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→____________ vt.& vi.缩短→______________ n.不足；缺少；短缺
3.____________ vt.使相信；使确信；说服→____________ adj.有说服力的；令人信服的→____________ adj.确信的；坚信的
devote
devoted
devotion
short
shorten
shortage
convince
convincing
convinced
4.____________ v.假定；设想；承担；假装→____________ conj.假定；假设→____________ n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得
5.____________ vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→ ____________ n.扩大；扩张；扩充
6.____________ vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→_____________ n.消费者；用户；客户→______________ n.消耗；消耗量；消费
assume
assuming
assumption
expand
expansion
consume
consumer
consumption
7.____________ adj.真实的→___________ n.现实；实际情况；事实→____________ vt.实现；意识到
8.____________ n.盐→____________ adj.含盐的；咸的
9.____________ vt.伸开；展开；延伸→__________ n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→____________ adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的
10.____________ n.化学家；药剂师→__________ adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n.化学制品；化学品→____________ adv.化学上地→__________ n.化学
real
reality
realise
salt
salty
extend
extension
extensive
chemist
chemical
chemically
chemistry
11.____________ n.营养；滋养→____________ adj.营养(物)的→____________ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的
12.____________ adj.贫穷的→____________ adv.糟糕地 adj.不适；不舒服→____________ n.贫穷；贫困
13.____________ adj.深的→____________ adv.深深地；强烈地→__________ vt.加深；(使)变深→__________ n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
nutrition
nutritional
nutritious
poor
poorly
poverty
deep
deeply
deepen
depth
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.________________包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
2.________________把……用于；献身；致力；专心
3.________________富含……；……含量高
4.________________依靠
5.________________关注；聚焦
be comprised of
devote...to
be rich in
depend on
focus on
6.deep down 　 __________________________
7.in turn ______________________
8.far from ________________
9.for instance ________________
在内心深处;本质上;实际上
相应地;转而;依次;轮流
远非;绝不是
例如;比如
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式：what引导主语从句
__________________________________________ is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.(人物介绍)
给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的叔叔总会激励我坚持自己的梦想。
What impresses me most
2.句型公式：given that引导状语从句
______________________________________________，the children have done quite well.
考虑到剩下的时间不多了，孩子们做得相当好。
3.句型公式：it作形式主语
____________________________ the population of the whole city is about one million.(情况介绍)
据估计，全市人口大约有一百万。
Given that there was little time left
It is estimated that
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Apart from what you have mentioned above，do you have any ____________ (可供替代的) plan
2.With the development of science and technology，the house in the future will be smart and caring in many ____________ (方面).
3.I ____________ (估算) that the total cost of treatment will go from $9，000 to $12，500.
alternative
aspects
estimate
4.We have received ____________ (广泛的) support for the new proposal and there is ample evidence showing that the new scheme is workable.
5.India a____________ independence from Britain in 1947 after a long struggle.
6.Water is e____________ for all known forms of life，without which nothing can survive and continue.
widespread
ttained
ssential
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.In an ideal world there would be no __________ (poor) and disease.
2.Her childhood dream became a ____________ (real) when she became a film star.
3.Bethune，a ________________ friend of Chinese，____________ his life to helping Chinese.I really respect his ________ to medical work.(devote)
poverty
reality
devoted
devoted
devotion
4.A lot of people make the ____________ (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.
5.If you are in need of a deadline ____________ (extend)，simply explain the situation to the professor.
6.We felt at home with her and were impressed with the ____________ (deep) of her knowledge.
assumption
extension
depth
Ⅲ.短语填空
be comprised of；in turn；deep down；for instance；devote to；focus on
1.What’s more，robots can deal with emergencies.________________，if an old man falls ill suddenly，the robot will call doctors for help.
2.It’s our parents’ hope that we students should resist temptations but just ________________ study and exams alone.
3.Theories originate from practice and ____________ serve practice.
For instance
focus on
in turn
4.________________，it is humans who should take responsibility for natural disasters.
5.As I stepped into Senior 3，I had to ____________ most of my spare time ____________ studying.
6.It is said that this medical team _________________ many famous medical experts.
Deep down
devote
to
is comprised of
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our class is comprised of thirty students，most of 1.___________ come from the countryside in poverty.Deep down，all of us envision 2.__________(us) attaining respectful jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams 3.____________(root) in our hearts，we work hard and devote ourselves to our study all days.We are greatly convinced
whom
ourselves
rooted
that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision and boost our ability 4.___________(tackle) crises.We learn by combining conventional learning methods 5.____________ modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learned in the future.Certainly，6.____________ is essential that we shouldn’t yield to difficulties.Indeed，too much homework tends to generate much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety when not 7.____________ (digest) what we are taught，but we have alternative methods to
to tackle
with
it
digesting
alleviate our frustration.For instance，we can relax ourselves in leisure time.Besides，keeping a nutritious diet is also essential even though we have a 8.____________(short) of money.On the assumption that we always have such 9.____________ intense and widespread interest in study，it is estimated that we can put our dreams into reality，which in turn can enable us to live a 10.____________ (good) life that we have been looking forward to.
shortage
an
better
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3写作迁移
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于(常与介词to连用)
(devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的 devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱)
佳句背诵　
The doctor devotes all his time to saving people’s life,winning respect from the country.(人物介绍)
这位医生毕生致力于挽救人们的生命,因而赢得了全国人民的尊重。
devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给;把……专注于;献身;致力
devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事;献身于(做)某事
be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①Yuan Longping devoted 　　　　　(he) to studying hybrid rice and he was respected by people all over the world.(人物介绍)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(形容词短语作状语)
himself
Devoting himself to studying hybrid rice
Devoted to studying hybrid rice
教考衔接　单句写作
②Sun Yat-sen 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and strengthening China.Though he did not live to fully realize his vision,Sun is still remembered as a great politician.(人物介绍;2023·全国甲卷)
孙中山一生致力于改善和强大中国。虽然他在世时未能完全实现他的愿景,但仍然作为一位伟大的政治家被人们铭记。
devoted all his life to improving
2.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服(convinced adj.确信的;坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的)
佳句背诵　
My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself,for which I’m really grateful.
我的父母一直说服我去挑战自己,对此我非常感激。
convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that... 使某人相信……
be convinced (that...)/of... (某人)坚信……
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①You need to convince them 　　　　　　your enthusiasm for the job.
②I 　　　　　　　(convince) that you like paper-cutting,so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(邀请信)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　,I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(分词短语作状语)
of
am convinced
Convinced that you like paper-cutting
教考衔接　单句写作
③After a long discussion, and decide to join in the cross-country run,which would test both his endurance and determination.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
经过长时间的讨论,我终于说服了他接受挑战并决定参加越野赛,这将考验他的耐力和决心。
I finally convinced him to take up
the challenge
片段巩固　用devote;convince完成续写片段
续写训练之情节线:莎拉致力于学习→朋友邀请她加入学校的辩论队→她不确定自己是否能够同时兼顾→说服自己可以平衡时间→决定尝试一下→加入辩论队成为她做过的最好的决定之一
Sarah was always devoted to her studies.However,when her friend invited her to join the school’s debate team,she wasn’t sure if she could handle both.After some thought,Sarah convinced herself that she could balance her time and decided to give it a try.Joining the debate team turned out to be one of the best decisions she ever made.
3.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得(assume v.假定;设想;承担;假装 assuming conj.假定;假设)
佳句背诵　
We make an assumption that everyone invited will turn up at the party and is making preparations.
我们假设每个被邀请的人都会出席聚会,并且正在做准备。
on the assumption that...　　　 假定……
make an assumption 作出主观推断
assume sb/sth (to be)+adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that... 人们普遍认为……
assuming (that)... 假设……
以练促学　单句语法填空/句式升级
①The teacher assumed the new student 　　　　　　(be) shy because he didn’t participate in class discussions during his first week.
(人物描写)
②People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(it作形式主语)
to be
It is generally assumed that
教考衔接　单句写作
③Some students may share common interests or learning needs,and they can help and motivate each other.However, , their full potential might not be realized.(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
有些学生可能有共同的兴趣或学习需求,他们可以互相帮助和激励。然而,假设他们被分配到了不同的小组,他们的潜力可能无法得到充分发挥。
on the assumption
that/assuming that they are assigned to different groups
4.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)
佳句背诵　
The Internet also provides us with an alternative to communicating with others.
互联网还为我们提供了一种与他人沟通的替代方式。
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I could come to your house,or 　　　　　　　　(alternative),we could meet in the town.
②After missing the last bus,
in the rain.
错过最后一班公交车后,我们别无选择,只好在雨中步行回家。
alternatively
we had no alternative but to walk home
教考衔接　单句写作
③Firstly,shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 for short trips.
(发言稿;2024·全国甲卷)
首先,共享单车已成为城市出行的象征,为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠且绿色的选择。
offering an affordable and green alternative
5.in turn转而;相应地;反过来;依次;轮流
佳句背诵　
In the past,it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn,we should give a helping hand to them from now on.(发言稿;2020·天津卷)
过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们,反过来,我们也应该从现在开始帮助他们。
by turns　　　　　　　　 轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that... 结果……
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①They cleaned the house 　　　　　　turns,one sweeping the floors while the other dusted the furniture.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　,
I was a little nervous.
当轮到我演讲的时候,我有点紧张。
by
When it was my turn to give a speech
教考衔接　单句写作
③Some student representatives 　　　　　 　　　　　　 speeches in the meeting.Finally 　　　　　　　　　　.(发言稿;2020·天津卷)
一些学生代表在会议中轮流发言。终于轮到我发言了。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when the popcorn was sold out quickly.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
结果爆米花很快就售光了,孩子们的努力取得了回报。
take turns to deliver
it is my turn to speak
It turned out that the children’s efforts paid off
片段巩固　用assumption;alternative;in turn完成一段学习心得体会
心得体会之写作提示:起初,认为参加额外的课程是提高成绩的唯一方法→找到了一个替代方案:小组学习→这个替代方案反过来帮助他们更好地理解难题→可以一起讨论问题,相互学习对方的长处
At first,students made an assumption that taking extra classes was the only way to improve grades.However,many students found an alternative: studying in groups.This alternative,in turn,helped them understand difficult subjects better,as they could discuss problems together and learn from each other’s strengths.
1.digest /da d est/ vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 / da d est/ n.文摘(生义);摘要
①It took me a long time to digest the theory put forward at the meeting.　　　　　　
②This food digests well,so you can feed it to your baby.　　　　　
③I will send you a monthly news digest as a birthday gift.
　　　　　
vt.领会;领悟
vi.消化
n.文摘
2.flavour / fle v / n.味道;特点;特色 vt.给……调味(生义)
①French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavour bombs.　　　　　
②As you know,I like essays with an acrid flavour.　　　　　
③Mother flavours her custards with lemon extract.　　　　　　　
④This movie really catches the flavour of New York.　　　　　
n.味道
n.特点
vt.给……调味
n.特色
3.overcome / v k m/ vt.克服;解决;战胜(生义)
①Cheer up and you are bound to overcome the present difficulty.
　　　　　　　
②In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.　　　　　
vt.克服;解决
vt.战胜
4.root /ru t/ n.根;根茎;根部;根源(生义)
①The roots of the old tree spread deep into the ground,providing stability even during strong winds.　　　　　
②The root of the problem lies in poor communication between team members.　　　　　
③The gardener carefully trimmed (修剪) the roots of the plant before replanting it in a larger pot.　　　　　
n.根;根茎
n.根源
n.根部
5.yield /ji ld/ n.产量;产出 vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服;让步(生义)
①The yield of corn this year was higher than expected due to favorable weather conditions.　　　　　　
②The new farming techniques have yielded better crops and higher profits for the farmers.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
③After a long debate,he finally yielded to his parents’ wishes and chose to study law.　　　　　　
n.产量;产出
vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)
vi.屈服;让步
6.boost /bu st/ vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长;提高;激励(生义)
Emily decided to boost① her math skills by practicing every day after school.This extra effort gave her a significant boost② in her test scores,and her confidence received a boost③ as well.Her teacher noticed the improvement and praised her hard work,which motivated her to keep going.
①vt.使增长　②n.增长;提高　③n.激励
句型公式:given that引导条件状语从句
课本原句:Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
佳句背诵　
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival,Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.(节日介绍)
鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣,我写信向您介绍端午节。
“given that”作连词,后接状语从句,意为“假如;考虑到;既然”
以练促学　单句写作
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he instantly seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength.
(动作链)
考虑到没有人帮他,他立即抓牢自行车,用尽全力把它扔向了狼。
Given that there was nobody to help him
教考衔接　单句写作
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
our school organized a cross-country running race last Sunday.
(活动介绍;2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
考虑到我们学生需要更多的体育锻炼,我们学校上周日举行了一次越野赛跑。
Given that we students need more physical exercise
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　单元知识运用
1.The scientist is devoted to 　　　　　　(research) new methods for renewable energy.
2.I finally convinced my brother 　　　　　(join) the school’s soccer team after showing him how much fun it could be.
3.They planned the picnic on the 　　　　　　　(assume) that the weather would be sunny.
researching
to join
assumption
4.When the car broke down,we had no alternative but
(walk) the rest of the way.
5.Her kindness inspired others,and they,　　　　　 turn,spread kindness to others.
6.　　　　　　 surprised everyone was how quickly the project was completed.
7.　　　　　　 (give) that it was her first time cooking,the meal turned out to be delicious.
to walk
in
What
Given
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the government introduced stricter environmental regulations.
为了解决污染问题,政府推出了更严格的环境法规。
2.She worked hard to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of public speaking by practicing in front of small groups.
她通过在小团体前练习,努力克服对公众演讲的恐惧。
To tackle the problem of pollution
overcome her fear
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 over one million people will attend the festival this year.
据估计,今年将有超过一百万人参加这个节日。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, each focusing on a different aspect of history.
这本书由十章组成,每章都侧重于历史的不同方面。
It is estimated that
The book is comprised of ten chapters
5.She seemed confident,but 　　　　　　　　　　　　, she was very nervous about the competition.
她看起来很自信,但在内心深处,她对比赛非常紧张。
6.Many fruits,　　　　　　　　　　　, apples and oranges,are rich in vitamins.
许多水果,例如苹果和橙子,都富含维生素。
deep down
for instance
7.Her love for nature 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 her childhood experiences in the countryside.
她对大自然的热爱深深植根于她的乡村童年经历。
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she strives to do her best and be kind to others.
在生活的每一个方面,她都努力做到最好并善待他人。
is deeply rooted in
In every aspect of her life
维度三　单元话题写作(短文投稿——用英文讲中国故事)
(2023·全国甲卷改编)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国优秀伟人为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.人物简介及事迹;2.意义或启示。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.我相信,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国农业发展中最具影响力的人物之一。(convince)
I am convinced that Yuan Longping,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”,is one of the most influential figures in China’s agricultural development.
2.他毕生致力于研发高产水稻品种,这些品种极大地增加了中国的粮食产量,并帮助许多发展中国家缓解了饥饿。
(devote...to;alleviate;定语从句)
He devoted his entire life to developing high-yield rice varieties, which have greatly increased China’s food production and helped alleviate hunger in many developing countries.
3.面对研究经费和先进研究设备的短缺,他没有放弃,而是竭尽全力逐个克服这些困难。(shortage;overcome)
Faced with the shortage of research funds and advanced research equipment,he didn’t give up but spared no effort to overcome them one by one.
4.鉴于他已经实现了自己想要的,很多人可能会认为他会退休过悠闲的生活,但他没有。(given that...;leisure)
5.即使在晚年,他仍在不断地追求梦想,研发产量更高的品种,这对我们所有人而言都是一种激励。(strain;yield;定语从句)
Given that he had achieved what he wanted,many people might think he would have retired to a life of leisure,but he didn’t.
He kept on dreaming up and developing strains with higher yields even in his later years,which serves as an inspiration to us all.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
I am convinced that Yuan Longping,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”,is one of the most influential figures in China’s agricultural development.
He devoted his entire life to developing high-yield rice varieties, which have greatly increased China’s food production and helped alleviate hunger in many developing countries.He was a person of high perseverance and determination.Faced with the shortage of research funds and advanced research equipment,he didn’t give up but spared no effort to overcome them one by one.Without his efforts, many people in the world might still stay in hunger.
Given that he had achieved what he wanted,many people might think he would have retired to a life of leisure,but he didn’t.He kept on dreaming up and developing strains with higher yields even in his later years,which serves as an inspiration to us all.
读 写 素 养 培 优
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:新同学杰克被同学嘲笑为“垃圾王”,但后来通过他的发明才华改变了同学们对他的看法,杰克提到他的最新发明遇到了一个问题,即如何让一辆用来买蔬菜的小推车的质量变轻,除了车轮外,其他材料都解决了。
场景续写1:
回到家喝了一瓶水→“我”突然有了一个想法→能不能用瓶盖作为蔬菜车的轮子呢 →这似乎是一个简单的解决方案→第二天“我”与小组分享了“我”的想法→杰克意识到这个建议的潜力时,他的眼睛充满了热情→“我们”立即开始搜集尽可能多的瓶盖
When I got home and drank a bottle of water,I suddenly had an idea.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
杰克确实采纳了“我”的建议→他在蔬菜车上装上了一排瓶盖作为轮子→集体努力和创造力结出了果实→车子滚动得很顺利→这次经历教会了“我们”合作、创新的力量
Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
When I got home and drank a bottle of water,I suddenly had an idea.What if we could use bottle caps as wheels for Jack’s vegetable cart It seemed like a simple solution,but it could work if we found enough bottle caps.Excited,I shared my idea with the group the next day.Jack’s eyes lit up with enthusiasm as he realized the potential of this suggestion.We immediately set out to collect as many bottle caps as we could find,not only searching the garbage dumps but also asking friends and family to save them for us.
Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart.It was a moment of triumph for all of us,seeing our collective efforts and creativity come to fruition.The cart rolled smoothly,and we celebrated our success with high-fives and laughter.This experience taught us the power of collaboration, innovation,and looking beyond the surface of things.Inspired by Jack’s ingenuity,our group continued to explore ways to repurpose waste,knowing that small actions could lead to big changes in our community and beyond.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B)
Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,“if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand,let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him,it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文,文章主要呼吁人们节约粮食,减少浪费,珍惜劳动成果,保护自然资源。
24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,更糟糕的是,作者不假思索地买了太多芝麻菜,而作者本可以用扔掉的芝麻菜做六份沙拉。由此可知,我们有时会在无意中浪费食物,故选B项。
√
25.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知,生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源,这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知,食物浪费的一个后果是对环境的危害,故选B项。
√
26.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields.可知,该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品,回收了超过807,500磅的食物,否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知,Curtin的公司会将一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物,故选D项。
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27.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段Curtin所说的话可推断出,Curtin建议人们不要买过多的食物,就购买自己所需要的量就好,故选A项。
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思维建模
1.一个命题原则——定位信息知晓导向性
命题人一般会遵循顺序性原则,即一篇阅读短文的第二个小题的题眼(答案信息点)一般在第一个小题后面,第三个小题的题眼又会在第二个小题后面,依次类推。了解这一原则对于迅速定位信息有重要的导向作用。
以例示法
24题的答案在第一段最后一句;25题的答案在第三段第一、二句;26题的答案在第四段;27题的答案在最后一段。根据这一规律,能够迅速定位关键信息。
2.两种读文技巧——选定其一养成习惯性
以例示法
上面两种方法的采用依个人习惯和文章具体特点而定。如应用文一般采用“先题后文”法,而对于记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议文体(如该篇文章)等文体,“文章→问题→文章”法更合适。
积阅读单词
Para.1:roast adj.烘烤的,烤制的;stick v.(迅速而随意地)摆放,放置;
Para.2:jaw-dropping adj.令人吃惊的;grocer n.食品杂货商,食品杂货店;Para.4:rot v.(使)腐败,(使)腐烂;Para.5:purchase v.购买
垒主题词块
Para.1:go to waste被浪费掉;go bad变质腐坏;even worse更糟糕的是;
Para.2:go against不利于;违反;反对;moral grain道德准则;throw away扔掉,丢弃;large amounts of大量;Para.4:at the back of在……背后,支持;在……的后面;Para.5:play a part in参与;起作用;扮演角色
析长难语句
Para.2:In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against the moral grain,”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句。句子主干为主谓状结构;where引导定语从句,修饰先行词world;as引导定语从句,修饰food waste goes against the moral grain。
[尝试翻译]　
[语言赏析]　文章通过引用Elizabeth Royte的话,不仅增强了句子的权威性,也借助这位知名作家的观点来进一步强调了食物浪费的问题。此外,数字的使用也增强了句子的说服力和冲击力,通过具体数字nearly 800 million people来强调全球饥饿问题的严重性,帮助读者更直观地理解问题的规模。
在一个每年近8亿人挨饿的世界里,正如Elizabeth Royte在本月的封面故事中所写,“浪费食物违背了道德原则。”
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·贵阳高三适应性考试)
A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity.People with obesity are considered medically overweight.The study,published in the medical publication The Lancet,said that one in eight people are obese.Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022.Obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990.Among young people aged 5 to 19,the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period.
“A staggering number of people are living with obesity,and severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death,” declared the lead writer of the study,Majid Ezzati,a professor at Imperial College London.
The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022,member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity.So far,31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan.
These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children.In addition,governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies.They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools.
Imperial College London’s Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations.But they are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people,meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems.
Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO.He told reporters,“In the past,we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich,but obesity is a problem of the world.Although new obesity drugs—such as Ozempic and Wegovy—could be helpful tools in reducing obesity,they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关肥胖的新的研究发现,并分析了肥胖这一社会性问题、采取的相应措施以及应对肥胖时存在的问题等。
1.What does the underlined word “staggering” mean
A.Satisfying. B.Amazing. C.Astonishing. D.Puzzling.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity”和“one in eight people are obese”以及“around 43 percent of adults were overweight... Obesity among adults has more than doubled...increased by four times during the same period”可知,世界上的肥胖人数众多,有八分之一的人口肥胖,且肥胖率自1990年以来增加了一倍多。由此可见,肥胖的人数是一个令人震惊的数字,故选C项。
√
2.What is included in the plan led by 31 governments
A.Setting laws to ban the sale of unhealthy food.
B.Increasing the cost for people to consume healthy food.
C.Attaching importance to physical activity.
D.Offering lower-priced obesity drugs to people.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools”(加强对学校体育活动的要求)可知,31个政府带头执行的计划包括对体育锻炼的重视,故选C项。
√
3.What does Ezzati mean by mentioning the “double burden”
A.Some countries are suffering both poverty and obesity.
B.Some countries are suffering both poor nutrition and obesity.
C.Obesity is common in both poor and wealthy countries.
D.Obesity is a heavy burden for some countries.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中该短语前面的“obesity rates... are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people”可知,其他国家的 肥胖率迅速增加,一些国家还有很多体重不足的人,这些国家正在面临着被Ezzati称为“double burden”的营养问题。由此可见,Ezzati提到“double burden”的意思是一些国家可能同时遭遇营养不良和肥胖问题,故选B项。
4.What is Branca’s attitude to the obesity problem
A.Negative. B.Indifferent.
C.Ambiguous. D.Optimistic.
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Branca所说的“obesity is a problem of the world...the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality”可知,Branca认为肥胖是一个全球性问题,而减肥药的成本和可用性可能会加剧不平等现象。由此可见,Branca对肥胖问题是持消极态度的,故选A项。
√
(2025·吉林高三模拟三)
In 1986,King Charles suggested talking to plants,a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect,react to,and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years,Heidi Appel,a botanist and Reginald Cocroft,an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects.The researchers recorded the vibrations (震动) from caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed on leaves.Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present.The results were striking.Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals,making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat.The research may have practical consequences,such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats,offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants,like pea plants,can “hear” water through sound,with roots responding to water-related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible.This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant roots.The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots.The solution,she says,might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally,the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress,due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage,make high frequency sounds,which can be detected even in noisy environments.This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture,potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved,these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants’ ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment.Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization,and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect.Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了1986年,Charles国王建议与植物交谈,这一想法最初遭到嘲笑,但现在有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应,并可能产生声音。
5.What was the original reaction to King Charles’s suggestion
A.Ambiguous. B.Favourable.
C.Indifferent. D.Opposed.
解析　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“In 1986...a thought initially mocked”可知,Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑,即被当时的人们反对,故选D项。
√
6.What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to
A.Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
B.Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
C.Stimulating plants to release anti-pest chemicals.
D.Developing new types of protective pesticides.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,Heidi和Reginald通过研究发现,暴露在毛虫咀嚼树叶时发出的震动声中的叶子明显含有更高水平的防御性化学物质,这使得毛虫更难吃到它们。这项研究可能会产生实际影响,比如使用配备扬声器的无人机来警告农作物害虫的威胁,为化学农药提供一种环保的替代品。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法,即通过刺激植物,让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质,故选C项。
7.Why is employing silent pipes suggested
A.To reduce noise pollution.
B.To protect sewer systems.
C.To improve water transportation.
D.To attract plant roots to accessible water.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Monica的进一步研究表明,像豌豆这样的植物可以通过声音“听到”水,因此即使是在无法接触到水的情况下,它们的根也会对与水有关的震动做出反应。这一发现可以对防止植物的根系对下水道系统造成损害,而解决办法可能是购买一种可以在水流经过时保持静音的管道。由此可知,使用静音管道是为了保护下水道系统,故选B项。
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8.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
√
解析　写作手法题。文章第一段总体提出现有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音;第二、三、四段介绍了三个研究作为该观点的证据;最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。所以文章为总分总结构,故选C项。
(2025·杭州外国语学校高三模拟)
This Christmas,Renate Bello,56,will spend the holiday taking care of her neighbor’s dogs in Easthampton,Mass.It’s the same way she spent Thanksgiving.Without any family or close friends nearby, holidays can be an especially lonely time,she said.For her,pet sitting is a joy,and one way that she copes with solitude.
“I know a number of people,” she said.“But they are not necessarily people I would call up to say,‘Let’s go hang out.” Ms.Bello owns a medical billing business that often requires long hours at home,which contributes to her isolation.“I don’t have any life,and I need to find that balance”,she said.But taking friendships to the next level can be difficult,Ms.Bello added.Sometimes,she admitted,she feels “inadequate”—like an outsider.
It’s concerning,then,that more than half of Americans say they are lonely,according to a 2021 poll.“We all feel lonely at times just like we all feel hunger or thirst,” Dr.Murthy,a psychologist from NYU,said.“There is no reason to be ashamed of being human.” Even those who have plenty of friends can experience loneliness.
Building relationships takes time.Try not to expect too much initially.“Often it takes a series of encounters,” said Charles T.Hill,a professor of social psychology at Whittier College.As you get to know people,ask yourself:Who can I connect with at a deep level Who will be there for me More often than not,we tend to connect with those who share commonalities with us.“If you’re a bookworm,don’t expect your next best buddy at the bar,” said Louise Hawkley,a research scientist who studies loneliness at NORC,a social research organization at the University of Chicago.
Volunteering is also a way to broaden our social networks that can feel less anxiety provoking than,say,showing up at a party.In a study of 10,000 volunteers in Britain,about two thirds agreed that volunteering had helped them feel less isolated.
“Lonely people have more control over the situation than they think they do,” Dr.Hawkley said.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状,指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态,并提供了解决孤独的办法。
9.What do we know about Ms.Bello
A.She is a successful and independent entrepreneur.
B.She always puts her job before her family and friends.
C.She longs to build deeper connections with people.
D.She prefers dogs to humans on holiday occasions.
解析　细节理解题。题干的问题是“我们对贝洛女士了解些什么 ”;根据第一段内容可知,她感到孤独;再根据第二段内容可知,Ms Bello渴望化解这样的孤独,与人建立更深层的联系,故选C项。
√
10.Which statement might Dr.Murthy agree on
A.Lonely people are more likely to feel starved.
B.Loneliness is a universal human experience.
C.Feeling embarrassed of loneliness is unavoidable.
D.Denying loneliness contributes to better self-esteem.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We all feel lonely...friends can experience loneliness.”可知,Murthy博士认为大家都会感到孤独,这是很正常的事情。由此可推知,他可能会同意“孤独是一种普遍的人类体验”这一观点,故选B项。
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11.To improve the quality of social connections,one is encouraged to do the following EXCEPT 　　　　.
A.lowering their expectation and being patient
B.going to parties as often as possible
C.socializing with people who share common interests
D.offering support to someone else
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Building relationships...those who share commonalities with us.”以及第五段中的“Volunteering is also a way...showing up at a party.”可知,作者的建议包括尽量不要期望太高且保持耐心,与那些与我们有共同点的人建立联系,以及通过志愿工作来帮助他人,但不包括“尽可能多地参加聚会”,故选B项。
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12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.How to kill solitude for good
B.Loneliness:not the end of the world
C.A friend in need is a friend indeed
D.To socialize or not to socialize—that is a question
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状,并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态,还提供了解决孤独的办法。由此可知,文章的中心是孤独并不可怕,有很多在我们能力范围内可以解决的办法。B选项“孤独:不是世界末日”最适合作文章标题,故选B项。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·长沙一中高三模拟)
The Importance of Being Independent
The ability to be independent is something not everyone possesses.　1　 And learning to support yourself is fundamental for any success you ever hope to achieve.At the end of the day,you only have yourself to fall back on,so it’s very important to be able to handle things on your own.
People rely on others far more than it is necessary.People put their happiness in the hands of a significant person,thinking this will bring them satisfaction.　2　
Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not.　3　 Therefore,you need to learn how to make decisions on your own.People are unable to be independent for a variety of reasons,with fear being the biggest:the fear of being alone,the fear of rejection and the fear of the future.
However,there is no reason to base your life decisions on relationships with people.All relationships end at some point or another.　4　 The only thing you can do is alter your understanding of relationships.Instead of expecting them to make you happy by being in your life and providing enjoyment,appreciate the time spent and enjoyment since you know it will be gone.
　5　 Don’t ask for advice,do what you want and learn from your own mistakes.Many people are afraid to think for themselves because that involves taking responsibility for their own lives.This is just one way people become dependent.We are born alone and we die alone,so we each have to take responsibility for our lives at every step along the way.
A.There is nothing you can do to change or affect that.
B.This is a serious error too many people make these days.
C.Make decisions by and for yourself,whatever they may be.
D.You can control your own life by making your own choices.
E.However,you need to be independent in order to survive in the world.
F.In any moment of decision,the best thing you can do is wait for the right time.
G.Not only are you limiting yourself,you are also likely to become a burden to this person.
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要围绕着“独立”的重要性论述了其对于个人成长和成功的重要性。
1.E　[根据空前“The ability to be independent is something not everyone possesses.”可知,不是每个人都具备独立的能力;再根据空后“And learning...you ever hope to achieve.”可知,独立是成功的基础。选项E“However,you need to be independent in order to survive in the world.(然而,为了在这个世界上生存,你需要独立。)”承上启下,与上文存在转折关系,指的是虽然不是每个人都具备独立的能力,但是我们必须要独立才能生存,同时引出下文,指出我们应该学会独立,故选E项。]
2.B　[根据空前“People rely...bring them satisfaction.”可知,人们总是过度依赖别人;而根据下文“Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not.”可判断,总是依赖他人是不对的。选项B“This is a serious error too many people make these days.(这是现在很多人都犯的一个严重错误。)”是对上文内容的总结,指出人们总是过度依赖他人的行为是错误的,故选B项。]
3.G　[根据空前“Should you always be dependent on someone else Of course not.”可知,我们不应该总是依赖别人。选项G“Not only are you limiting yourself,you are also likely to become a burden to this person.(你不仅限制了自己,还可能成为对方的负担。)”是上文内容的自然延续,指的是如果我们总是依赖别人,我们不但限制了自己还可能成为对方的负担,故选G项。]
4.A　[根据空前“However...some point or another.”可知,所有的关系都有结束的时候;而根据下文“The only thing...relationships.”可知,我们唯一能做的就是改变对人际关系的理解。选项A“There is nothing you can do to change or affect that.(你无法改变或影响这一点。)”承上启下,承接上文说明我们无法改变这一点,并引出下文说明我们只有改变自己对人际关系的理解,故选A项。]
5.C　[空处为段首句,为本段主要内容。根据下文“Don’t ask for advice...at every step along the way.”可知,在本段中,作者建议我们做自己想做的,为自己的每一步负责。选项C“Make decisions by and for yourself,whatever they may be.(自己做决定并且为自己而做,不管决定是什么。)”与本段内容相符,指出对于自己的人生,我们应该独立做出遵从自己内心的决定,故选C项。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.2:severe adj.极为恶劣的,十分严重的;严厉的,苛刻的;declare v.公布,宣布,宣告;表明,宣称,断言;Para.4:enact v.通过(法律),扮演;nutrition n.营养,滋养;营养学;
awareness n.知道,认识,意识
B Para.1:initially adv.开始,起初;potentially adv.潜在地,可能地;Para.2:striking adj.惊人的;significantly adv.重大地,显著地;alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.非传统的;可替代的;Para.3:implication n.可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意,暗指;
Para.4:insufficient adj.不充分的,不足的;address v.设法解决,处理;演讲;向……说话;致函;Para.5:fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;perceive v.注意到,察觉到
C Para.1:cope v.应对;solitude n.孤独;Para.2:isolation n.孤立;Para.3:psychologist n.心理学家;Para.4:encounter n.遭遇;Para.5:anxiety n.焦虑;isolated adj.孤立的
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:one in eight八分之一;Para.2:long list of一长串的;
Para.5:double burden双重负担;nutrition problems营养问题
B Para.2:be sensitive to对……敏感;Para.3:invest in投资;
Para.5:cast light on sth使了解某事,使(问题等)较容易理解
C Para.1:take care of照顾;cope with应对;Para.2:go hang out出去玩;
find that balance找到平衡;Para.4:take time花时间
长 难 句 式 C Para.5:In a study of 10,000 volunteers in Britain,about two thirds agreed that volunteering had helped them feel less isolated.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。that引导从句作动词agreed的宾语。
[译文]　在英国一项对1万名志愿者的研究中,大约三分之二的人同意志愿服务帮助他们感到不那么孤立。

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