资源简介

UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.tutor n.　　　　 (英国大学中的)助教;导师;家庭教师
2.cite vt. 引用;引述
3.messenger n. 送信人;信使
4.overwhelming adj. 无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的
5.homesickness n. 思乡病;乡愁
6.setting n. 环境;背景;(小说等的)情节背景
7.tremendous adj. 巨大的;极大的
8.perspective n. (思考问题的)角度;观点
9.envoy n. 使者;使节;代表
10.outlook n. 前景;可能性;观点
11.belt n. 腰带;地带
12.initiative n. 倡议;新方案
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.complex sentences　　 　 复杂的句子
2.recall the past 回顾过去
3.latest editions 最新的版本
4.walk out of comfort zone 走出舒适区
5.the law firm 法律事务所
6.insight into the world 对世界的洞察力
7.grasp the tones 把握音调
8.living expenses 生活费用
9.deny the fact 否认这个事实
10.a mature student 一位成熟的学生
11.a boom in car sales 汽车销售的剧增
12.gain success 获得成功
13.from different angles 从不同的角度
14.say sincerely 真诚地说
15.a very tight budget 预算很紧
16.a successful outcome 一个成功的结果
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.qualification n.　　 (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历
qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格;(使)合格
qualified adj. 有资格的;有条件的
2.ambition n. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负
ambitious adj. 有野心的;有雄心的
3.adaptation n. 适应;改编本
adapt vt. 使适应;改编 vt.& vi.适应
4.comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰
comfortable adj. 令人舒适的;舒服的
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
5.participate vi. 参加;参与
participation n. 参加;参与
participant n. 参与者
6.presentation n. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出
present vt. 颁发;赠送;呈递 n.礼物
adj. 现在的;出席的
7.engage vi. 参加;参与(活动)
vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)
engaged adj. 忙于;从事于;已订婚的
engagement n. 订婚;约定
8.involve vt. 包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加
involved adj. 参与的;投入的
involvement n. 参与
9.motivated adj. 积极的;主动的
motivation n. 动力;积极性;动机
motivate vt. 成为……的动机;激发;激励
10.advisor n.(also-ser) 顾问
advise vt.& vi. 建议;劝告
advice n. 建议;忠告
11.reasonable adj. 有道理的;合情理的
reasonably adv. 明智地;合理地
reason n. 原因;道理 vt.& vi.推理,推断
vi. 理解
unreasonable adj. 不合理的;不公正的
12.expectation n. 期望;预期;期待
expect vt. 预料;期望
13.applicant n. 申请人
apply vt.& vi. 申请 vt.应用;使用;涂;敷
application n. 申请(书);应用(程序)
14.exposure n. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露
expose vt. 使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
15.departure n. 离开;启程;出发
depart vi.& vt. 离开;启程;出发
16.dramatic adj. 巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的
dramatically adv. 突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地
drama n. 戏剧;戏剧性事件
17.behave vt. 表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌
behaviour/behavior n. 行为;举止
18.surroundings n.[pl.] 环境;周围的事物
surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的
surround vt. 包围;围绕
19.depressed adj. 沮丧的;意志消沉的
depress vt. 使沮丧;使忧愁
depression n. 沮丧;抑郁
20.strengthen vi.& vt. 加强;增强;巩固
strong adj. 强壮的
strength n. 体力;优点
21.optimistic adj. 乐观的
optimism n. 乐观主义
22.competence n. 能力;胜任;本领
competent adj. 有能力的;称职的
23.cooperate vi. 合作;协作;配合
cooperation n. 合作;协作
24.logical adj. 合乎逻辑的;合情合理的
logically adv. 合乎逻辑地
logic n. 逻辑(学);道理
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.participate in　　　　 参加;参与
2.speak up 大声点说;明确表态
3.feel at home 舒服自在;不拘束
4.engage in (使)从事;参与
5.get involved in 参与;卷入;与……有关联
6.cost an arm and a leg (使)花一大笔钱
7.side with 支持;站在……的一边
8.culture shock 文化冲击
9.comfort zone 舒适区;舒适范围
10.as far as I know 据我所知
11.as far as I am concerned 就我而言;依我看来
12.generally speaking 一般来说
13.in summary 总的来说:总之
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.It was the first time that she had left China.(It was the first/the second/...time+that从句)
这是她第一次离开中国。
2.I didn’t know what to expect.(疑问词+不定式)
我不知道会发生什么。
3.The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!(the first time引导状语从句)
她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。
4.No wonder my classmates say I sound like a robot!(no wonder)
难怪我的同学说我听起来像个机器人!
5.When I miss home,I feel comforted to have a second family.(心理描写)
有第二个家,想家时我会得到些安慰。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-or表示“人”
直接+ edit编辑→editor编辑;act表演→actor演员;collect收集;收藏→collector收藏家;收集者; visit参观→visitor参观者;conduct指挥→conductor指挥;invent发明→inventor发明家
去e+ advise建议→advisor顾问;educate教育→educator教育工作者;教育家; operate操作→operator操作员
特殊 compete竞争→competitor参赛者;竞争者
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.a strict tutor一位严格的导师
2.cite their ideas引用他们的观点
3.a cultural messenger一位文化使者
4.absolutely overwhelming绝对压倒性的
5.suffer from homesickness遭受思乡之苦
6.pay attention to the setting注意背景
7.tremendous pressure巨大的压力
8.gain a global perspective获得全球视野
9.the president’s envoy总统特使
10.the economic outlook经济前景
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.complex adj.复杂的;难懂的;(语法)复合的
2.recall vt.& vi.记起;回想起
3.firm n.公司;商行;事务所 adj.结实的;牢固的;坚定的
4.insight n.洞察力;眼光
5.grasp vt.理解;领会;抓紧
6.expense n.费用;花费;开销
7.deny vt.否认;否定;拒绝
8.mature adj.成熟的
9.boom vi.& n.迅速发展;繁荣
10.gain vt.获得;赢得;取得;增加 n.好处;增加
11.angle n.角;角度;立场
12.sincerely adv.真诚地;诚实地
13.budget n.预算
14.outcome n.结果;效果
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格→qualified adj.有资格的;有条件的→qualification n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历
2.ambition n.追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的;有雄心的
3.adapt vt.使适应;改编 vt.& vi.适应→adaptation n.适应;改编本
4.comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰→comfortable adj.令人舒适的;舒服的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的
5.participate vi.参加;参与→participation n.参加;参与→participant n.参与者
6.engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)→engaged adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的→engagement n.订婚;约定
7.involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加→involved adj.参与的;投入的→involvement n.参与
8.motivate vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励→motivated adj.积极的;主动的→motivation n.动力;积极性;动机
9.expect vt.预料;期望→expectation n.期望;预期;期待
10.dramatic adj.巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的→dramatically adv.突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地→drama n.戏剧;戏剧性事件
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.participate in参加;参与
2.speak up大声点说;明确表态
3.feel at home舒服自在;不拘束
4.engage in(使)从事;参与
5.get involved in参与;卷入;与……有关联
6.cost an arm and a leg(使)花一大笔钱
7.side with支持;站在……的一边
8.in summary总的来说:总之
9.generally speaking一般来说
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:疑问词+不定式
I didn’t know how to deal with the problem,so I had no alternative but to turn to you for help.
我不知道如何解决这个问题,因此,我别无选择只能向你求助。
2.句型公式:It was the first time+that从句
It was the first time that I had participated in the exchange student program,which not only broadened my view but also strengthened my confidence.
那是我第一次参加交换生项目。那次经历不仅让我开阔了眼界,而且增强了我的信心。
3.句型公式:the first time引导状语从句
The first time he competed in a swimming competition,he didn’t win a medal,but he gained a lot of confidence and new friends.
他第一次参加游泳比赛时,虽然没有赢得奖牌,但他获得了许多信心和新朋友。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.You can look at the issue from many different angles (角度;立场).
2.Good teachers have insight (洞察力) into the problems of students.
3.It’s too early to predict the outcome (结果) of the election.
4.There is no denying (否认) that the Internet is of great use in our daily life.
5.The system is too complex,and I think we need to simplify it.
6.We must grasp every opportunity to strengthen economic ties with other countries.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.If a student lacks motivation (motivate),he or she will quickly become tired of studying.
2.The government has announced an ambitious (ambition) plan to modernise the railway network.
3.The beauty of the West Lake in spring is beyond our expectations (expect).
4.Surely it is a national priority to train competent (competence) teachers,scientists,engineers and doctors.
5.A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic (drama) effects on the economy.
Ⅲ.短语填空
(
participate in
;
speak up
;
feel at home
;
get involved in
;
in summary
)
1.It is your hospitality and warm welcome that make us feel at home.
2.You’ll have to speak up a bit if you want everyone to hear you.
3.Since you take an interest in music,I am writing to invite you to participate in the festival with me.
4.What the police did first was to question all the witnesses who had got involved in the accident last week.
5.In summary,we must aim to maintain a stable supply of crude oil (原油) while protecting the environment.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have studied for business qualifications at Peking University for one year.I recall that faced with complex surroundings and dramatic changes,I suffered from tremendous pressure and overwhelming homesickness,1.which made me depressed in the beginning.But being an ambitious,optimistic and mature student,I managed to motivate myself to step out of my comfort zone.I grasped every chance to speak up and offer logical presentations in class,2.enabling(enable) myself to become competent.I engaged in the Literature Club to 3.strengthen(strong) my literary outlook on life.I got involved in the Basketball Association so that I could learn to cooperate with others.I participated in some other meaningful activities and benefited much from the 4.participation(participate).There is no denying that all of them could make me see things from different angles and have more reasonable insights into daily affairs.As far as I’m concerned,5.exposed(expose) to the surrounding settings,I gradually felt at home.Just as the old saying goes,“No pains,no gains.” Now I can behave 6.perfectly(perfect) at university.Furthermore,because I was on a tight budget,I took up a position 7.as a tutor to cover my daily expenses and tuition fees,which cost an arm and a leg.Now my ambition is to become an advisor for exchange students 8.to broaden(broaden) my global perspective and improve my competence.Among so many applicants,I believe that I am 9.qualified(qualify) for the job because I have firm determination.10.Whatever the outcome is,I’ll sincerely side with the school’s decision.In summary,now I am confident in my expectation of setting up my own firm in the future.
1.comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰(comfortable adj.舒适的;舒服的 comfortably adv.舒服地 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的)
佳句背诵　
Inside,we rested in comfort by the fireplace,enjoying the warmth and quiet.The soft couch and cozy blankets made us feel completely relaxed.(动作描写)
屋内,我们舒适地靠在壁炉旁休息,享受着温暖与宁静。柔软的沙发和舒适的毯子让我们感到完全放松。
be a comfort to sb 对某人来说是个安慰
in comfort=comfortably 舒适地
to one’s comfort 令人宽慰的是
comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①My ambition is to live comfortably(comfort) in the suburbs of the city in the future.
②Seeing I was uncomfortable with the scene,my father rose to his feet,approached me and gathered me into his arms,gently comforting me with inspiring words.(情景描写)
看到我对这一幕感到不舒服,父亲站了起来,走近我,把我抱在怀里,用鼓舞人心的话语温柔地安慰我。
教考衔接　单句写作
③As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web.I rushed back to the deserted house.It was a great comfort to me that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found.(动作+心理描写;2023·浙江1月卷)
当我的车靠近时,我的思绪回到了从蜘蛛网中救出蜂鸟的那一刻。我匆忙回到了那座无人的房子。窗户上原来的洞已经不见了,对我来说是个安慰。
2.participate vi.参加;参与(participant n.参加者;参与者 participation n.参加;参与)
佳句背诵　
I was thrilled to participate with my friends in the school play.We practiced our lines and costumes,and the final performance was a huge success.(动作描写)
我很高兴能和朋友们一起参加学校的戏剧表演。我们练习台词,试穿服装,最终的演出取得了巨大成功。
participate in 参加;参与
participate with sb in sth 与某人一起参与某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①In order to increase participation (participate) in outdoor activities,our school organized an activity—climbing the Mount Tai on September 10.
②Silently,he just stared at the other participants who were warming up without saying anything.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
默默地,他只是盯着其他正在热身的参赛者,没有说任何话。
教考衔接　单句写作
③The club offers various interesting activities.We can participate in English speech contests,watch classic English movies,sing English songs and attend inspiring lectures.All of them help to stimulate our interest in learning English and make our school life much more enjoyable.(活动介绍;2022·天津卷)
俱乐部提供了各种有趣的活动。我们可以参加英语演讲比赛、观看经典英语电影、唱英文歌曲以及参加激励人心的讲座。所有这些活动都有助于激发我们学习英语的兴趣,并让我们的校园生活更加愉快。
3.engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);雇用(engaged adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的;占线的;使用中的 engagement n.订婚;约定)
佳句背诵　
An activity aimed at strengthening our sense of traditional culture was held last week,which engaged a lot of attention.
(活动介绍)上周举办了一场旨在增强我们的传统文化意识的活动,这引起了很多关注。
engage sb to do sth　　 雇用某人做某事
engage (sb) in (使某人)从事;参与
be engaged to sb 与某人订婚
be engaged in 忙于;从事于
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Sarah is engaged (engage) to John,and they are planning their wedding for next summer.
②She is deeply engaged in writing her novel,often staying up late at night to finish a chapter.(人物描写)
她忙于写小说,经常熬夜写完一个章节。
教考衔接　单句写作
③This activity can be held either at our school or within the community.It would be a great opportunity to raise awareness about environmental issues and engage more people in the cause.(建议信;2023·北京卷)
这项活动可以在我们学校或社区内举行,这将是一个提高环保意识并让更多人参与其中的绝佳机会。
片段巩固 用comfort;participate;engage完成心理、动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:“我”和朋友准备参加学校的才艺表演→感到一种舒适感→练习好几周→同学们的支持让我充满信心→和朋友一起参加,投入表演→观众们的享受让我感到自豪→参加这样的活动提升了自信心→与他人建立了联系 During the school’s talent show,I felt a sense of comfort as I prepared to participate with my friends.We had practiced for weeks,and the support of my classmates gave me confidence.As we engaged in the performance,I could see the audience enjoying it,and that made me feel proud.Participating in school activities like this not only boosts my confidence but also helps me connect with others.
4.involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加(involved adj.参与的;投入的 involvement n.参与;投入)
佳句背诵　
I involved myself in a wide range of amazing activities from drama performance to art works exhibition.(活动介绍)
我参与了从戏剧表演到艺术作品展览的各种精彩活动。
involve (doing) sth　 包含;需要(做)某事
involve oneself in sth 参加……
be/get involved in 参与;卷入;与……有关联;专注于
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Her involvement (involve) was crucial to its success.She worked behind the scenes,helping with costumes and set design.
②Learning that you welcome students from different countries,I’d like to involve myself in/be involved in the summer camp.(申请信)
得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生,我想参加这次夏令营。
教考衔接　单句写作
③This simple routine involves standing up from your desk,stretching your arms,legs and back,and taking a few deep breaths.(活动介绍;2024·浙江1月卷)
这个简单的日常活动包括从你的桌子前站起来,伸展你的手臂、腿和背部,以及做几次深呼吸。
5.expectation n.期望;预期;期待;盼望(expect vt.期待,期望;预料,预期 expected adj.预期的,预料的 unexpected adj.出乎意料的;意外的 unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地)
佳句背诵　
We are eager for the precious opportunity to cooperate with you and we are confident that we can live up to your expectations.(申请信)
我们渴望这次与您合作的宝贵机会,我们相信我们能够达到您的期望。
live up to/meet one’s expectations 不负某人所望
beyond/out of one’s expectations 出乎某人的意料
expect (sb) to do sth 预计/期望(某人)做某事
as expected 正如所料;不出所料
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①As expected (expect),the weather turned rainy just before our picnic.
②There will be a Chinese paper-cutting show this Saturday in the art gallery,which is expected to last about four hours from 8:00 am.(通知)
周六美术馆将举办一场中国剪纸展,预计将从早上8点开始,持续约4个小时。
教考衔接　单句写作
③On my flight back home,I reflected on this unexpected but significant encounter,which left me in deep thought.Gunter’s simple act inspires me to carry forward the spirit of trust.(主旨升华;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在回家的航班上,我反思了这次意外但重要的邂逅,它让我陷入沉思中,冈特的简单举动激励着我要继续往下传递信任。
6.expose vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)(exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露)
佳句背诵　
When you come to China,you can be exposed to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture.
当你来到中国,你可以接触到汉语和中国文化。
expose...to... 使……暴露于……;使……体验……
be exposed to 暴露于;接触
以练促学　一句多译
①我从小就接触外教,能够用英语自由交流。
→I have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age,so I can communicate freely in English.
→Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age,I can communicate freely in English.(having done作状语)
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②As prey animals (被捕食的动物),parrots are often frightened by exposure (expose) to new household items or strangers.It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability.(2024·九省联考)
片段巩固 用involve;expectation;expose完成心理描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:“我”加入辩论俱乐部→没想到会参与这么多的活动→老师抱有很高的期望→讨论中接触到不同的观点→学会了如何自信地表达自己的想法→这次经历让“我”更加投入到学校生活中 When I joined the debate club,I didn’t expect to be involved in so many activities.The teacher had high expectations for us,so we practiced every day.Being exposed to different viewpoints during discussions helped me to express my ideas confidently,which was something I hadn’t done before.This experience has made me more engaged in school life.
1.speak up 大声点说;明确表态(生义)
①Please speak up—we can’t hear you at the back.大声点说
②Bryant and the Lakers have a responsibility to speak up on this issue immediately.明确表态
2.firm /f m/ n.公司;商行;事务所 adj.结实的;牢固的;坚定的;坚决的;严格的(生义)
①The bridge provided a firm platform for the bungee jumpers.adj.结实的;牢固的
②The government remains firm in its opposition to tax reform.adj.坚定的;坚决的
③The firm has an excellent customer service department.n.公司
④I was always very firm with my children—they knew the rules and I made sure they kept to them.adj.严格的
3.dramatic /dr m t k/ adj.巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的;给人印象深刻的(生义);生动的(生义)
①Universities have suffered a dramatic drop in student numbers.adj.急剧的
②Gray describes in dramatic and spellbinding detail the lives of these five ladies.adj.生动的
③Some of the most dramatic events in American history happened here.adj.给人印象深刻的
4.gain /ɡe n/ v.获得;赢得;取得;增加;(钟表)走得快 (生义) n.好处;改进;增加
①Oh,my goodness!My watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours.v.(钟表)走得快
②These policies have resulted in great gains in public health.n.好处;改进
③It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not.
(2021·天津6月卷)v.获得
④In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries,the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月卷)n.增加
5.grasp /ɡrɑ sp/ vt.理解;领会(生义);抓紧
Liam had always loved drawing but entering the middle school art competition made him realize there was much to grasp①.On competition day,Liam was nervous.As he presented his final piece,his hand trembled slightly.To steady himself,he grasped② the sides firmly,taking deep breaths to calm his nerves.When he finished,the room filled with applause.①vt.理解;领会　②vt.抓紧
句型公式:“It was the first time+that从句...”意为“第一次……”
课本原句:It was the first time that she had left China.这是她第一次离开中国。
佳句背诵　
It was the first time that Sarah had cooked a meal by herself,and as she set the table with her homemade pasta and salad,she smiled with pride.(动作+心理描写)
这是Sarah第一次自己做饭,当她用自制的意大利面和沙拉摆好餐桌时,她满脸自豪地笑了。
(1)“It/This/That+was+the first/second/...time (that)...过去完成时”表示“这/那是……第一/第二/……次……”
(2)“It/This/That+is+the first/second/...time (that)...现在完成时”表示“这/那是……第一/第二/……次……”
(3)It is/was (about/high) time (that)...should do sth/did sth意为“到了……做某事的时间了”,should不能省略。相当于It is/was time for sb to do sth
以练促学　单句写作/一句多译
①This is my first time that I have invited you to attend our program—Talk and Talk.(邀请信;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
这是我第一次邀请你参加我们的节目—Talk and Talk。
②该是我们立即采取措施保护海洋不受污染的时候了。(倡议书)
→It is time for us to take immediate measures to protect the oceans from being polluted.(It is time for...to do)
→It’s (about/high) time (that) we took/should take immediate measures to protect the oceans from being polluted.[It is (about/high) time (that)...]
教考衔接　单句写作
③This was the first time that the twins had prepared a breakfast for their mother,so they were excited and nervous.They woke up early,tiptoed into the kitchen,and started toasting bread,hoping to surprise her with their skills.(动作+情绪描写;2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
这是双胞胎第一次为他们的母亲准备早餐,所以他们既兴奋又紧张。他们一大早就起床,蹑手蹑脚地走进厨房,开始烤面包,希望用他们的厨艺给她一个惊喜。
维度一　单元知识运用
1.She will participate with her sister in the cooking competition next weekend.
2.She has been engaged in writing her first novel for over a year.
3.After moving to the new city,he was involved (involve) in local theater groups.
4.The event lived up to our expectations (expect) with its excellent organization and exciting activities.
5.Students should be exposed (expose) to different cultures to broaden their perspectives.
6.It was the first time that she had seen (see) the ocean,and the vastness left her speechless.
7.How to solve (solve) this math problem quickly became a challenge for her.
8.To his comfort,the new chair supported his back perfectly during the long hours,easing his pain.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.The teacher encouraged shy students to participate in activities and share their ideas on the class project.
老师鼓励害羞的学生参与活动,分享他们关于课堂项目的想法。
2.Every time he went there,he would feel at home with the smell of fresh cookies and warm hugs.
每次到那里,他都会因为新鲜饼干的香味和温暖的拥抱而感到如在家中一样。
3.Generally speaking,regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute significantly to health.
一般来说,定期运动和均衡饮食对健康有重要贡献。
4.The continuous rain made him feel depressed for days.
几天来,连绵的雨使他感到沮丧。
5.He would always side with his brother,no matter the situation.
无论情况如何,他总是站在他兄弟的一边。
6.As far as I know,he has been working there for over a decade.
据我所知,他在那里工作已经十多年了。
7.As far as I am concerned,honesty is the most important policy in any relationship.
就我而言,在任何关系中,诚实是最重要的原则。
8.In summary,the diet has its benefits and drawbacks,but overall it may be effective for quick weight loss.
总之,这种饮食有其优点和缺点,但总体上可能对快速减肥有效。
维度三　单元话题写作(建议信——文化交流)
假定你是李华,你的英国好友David想参加一个在中国留学一年的交换生项目。考虑到自己从未在中国生活过,David纠结要不要参加,并发邮件征询你的意见。请你用英语给他回一封邮件,内容包括:
1.到中国留学的益处;2.可能面临的困难;3.你的建议。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.参加这个项目将使你接触中国文化。你将收获新的友谊。(participate;exposed;gain)
Participating in this programme will get you exposed to Chinese culture.You will gain new friendships.
2.与许多西方国家相比,在中国生活、饮食和旅游费用比较低。(cost an arm and a leg)
Compared with many Western countries,it will not cost an arm and a leg to live,eat and travel in China.
3.你可能遇到困难,像想家,适应新的环境和学习一门新的语言。(homesickness)
You may encounter difficulties such as suffering from homesickness,adapting to the new surroundings,and learning a new language.
4.通过你的努力和他人的帮助,一切一定会变得更好,最终你会觉得舒适自在。(feel at home)
With your efforts and others’ assistance,it is certain that everything will change for the better and you will end up feeling at home.
5.抓住这个机会参与这个项目。(grasp;get involved in)
Grasp the opportunity and get involved in this programme.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
Dear David,
That’s really good news!
As far as I am concerned,participating in this programme will get you exposed to Chinese culture.Furthermore,you will gain new friendships.Most importantly,compared with many Western countries,it will not cost an arm and a leg to live,eat and travel in China.Undeniably,you may encounter difficulties,such as suffering from homesickness,adapting to the new surroundings and learning a new language.However,with your efforts and others’ assistance,it is certain that everything will change for the better and you will end up feeling at home.
In summary,grasp the opportunity and get involved in this programme.
Yours,
Li Hua
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作为一名教师,“我”与一名医生建立笔友关系来拓宽学生的眼界。“我”通过电子邮件与在非洲从事人道主义医疗工作的德尼萨医生(Dr.Denisar)交流,用他的事迹来激励学生学习,并通过他的邮件了解疾病爆发和当地居民的营养不良等问题。学生们通过发送歌曲、笑话、艺术作品和关怀包裹与他互动。他承诺一有时间就会来我们伊利诺伊州的小城镇看望“我”的班级。学年即将结束之际,他在四月份联系“我”,说五月份会来访。这是我们第一次通过电话讨论他的访问事宜。
场景续写1:
日子临近→孩子们高兴且紧张→在学校大门前迎接德尼萨医生→一位英俊的年轻人下了车→正是德尼萨医生
As the day of his visit approached,the kids began to get excited and nervous.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
不知不觉中,一个上午过去了→到了德尼萨医生该离开的时候了→按照计划,我们请他给我们讲话→他告诉孩子们要专心学习→听了讲话后,“我”的感受
A whole morning had passed before we knew it.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
As the day of his visit approached,the kids began to get excited and nervous.Early in the morning,they lined up in front of the school gate,waiting for his arrival with flowers in their hands.Never had I seen any of them so anxiously waiting to do anything.Seeing their smiling faces and reflecting on how they had improved since the correspondence,I felt confident that they would get along well with Dr.Denisar.A car pulled up in front of the school and out stepped a handsome young man.It was Dr.Denisar.
A whole morning had passed before we knew it.And it was time that Dr.Denisar should leave.Before he left,as was scheduled,we lined up and invited him to address us.Looking at the happy faces,he told the kids to be devoted to their studies and make contributions to the world when they grew up,adding that the friendship between them would be built up.Hearing his inspiring speech,I felt that I was right to begin the bond between my students and Dr.Denisar.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,56.　　　　　　 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616.Although they could never have met,there are common 57.　　　　　　 (theme) in their works,said Paul Edmondson,head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.　　　　　　 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 59.　　　　　　 Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,60.　　　　　 (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,61.　　　　　　 (build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62.　　　　　　 (visible),said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 63.　　　　　　 (find) the connection between the two great writers.
64.　　　　　　 (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65.　　　　　　 see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
真题再做
56.　　　　　 57.　　　　　
58.　　　　　 59.　　　　　
60.　　　　　 61.　　　　　
62.　　　　　 63.　　　　　
64.　　　　　 65.　　　　　
【语篇解读】　本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了纪念中国古代作家汤显祖的雕塑和凉亭在英国作家莎士比亚故居落成的新闻,介绍了两位伟大作家之间的相似之处,展现了中西方文化的交流与融合。
56.who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,空处指代先行词Tang Xianzu,故填who。]
57.themes　[考查名词的数。根据空前的there are可知,此处应用可数名词的复数形式。theme在此意为“主题”。]
58.were　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处作主句的谓语动词。该句的主语为Some of the things,that Tang was writing about为定语从句,修饰先行词things;再根据句意可知,此处描述的是过去的事实,故填were。]
59.to　[考查介词。be similar to为固定搭配,意为“与……相似”;in some ways在that引导的宾语从句中作状语,把similar和to分割开来,故填to。]
60.inspired　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为pavilion,　　　　 (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion作后置定语,修饰主语;又因动词inspire与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。inspired by意为“受……启发”,故填inspired。]
61.was built　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,主语是a six-meter-tall pavilion,与build之间是被动关系;此处描述过去的事,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was built。]
62.visibility　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少宾语,此处应用名词,故填visibility。]
63.to find　[考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth为固定搭配,意为“对做某事感到惊讶”,故填to find。]
64.Recalling　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句主语为Edmondson,谓语动词为said,故空处应填非谓语动词;又因逻辑主语Edmondson与动词recall之间为主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语,故填Recalling。]
65.and　[考查并列连词。空前的to hear...和空后的see...为并列的不定式短语(see前省略了to),故填and。]
思维建模
如何判断填谓语动词
第一步 确定是否作谓语 分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所需词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
第二步 考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 ①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语);②看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者);③看人称和数,确保主谓一致。
以例示法(如61题)
根据Two years later可知,该句描述的是过去的事实;句子主语pavilion与动词build之间为被动关系,谓语动词应用一般过去式的被动语态;pavilion前面使用了不定冠词a,故谓语动词be应该使用第三人称单数形式。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:element n.元素;character n.特点,特性;Para.2:contemporary n.同时代的人;theme n.主题;Para.3:statue n.雕像;inspire v.启发,激发; Para.4:connection n.连接,联系;Para.5:version n.版本 Para.1:Shakespeare’s hometown莎士比亚的家乡;Para.2:in some ways在某些方面;be similar to类似于;Para.3:ten minutes’walk十分钟的步行路程;Para.4:connection between...and...之间的联系
析 长 难 语 句 Para.4:Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为主谓宾结构;现在分词短语adding...作状语;that引导从句作add的宾语;现在分词短语walking through the Birthplace Garden作后置定语,修饰visitors。 [尝试翻译]　埃德蒙森说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,走过莎士比亚故居花园的游客经常惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。 [语言赏析]　行文中插入专家Edmondson的话,增加了句子的权威性。引用不仅补充了论点,还增强了句子的说服力,尤其是在讨论文化影响力这种带有学术色彩的话题时。
课时作业　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·石家庄高三质量检测二)
I didn’t go to Santiago,Chile to look for friendship.In fact,Chile was not even on my wish list.A mid-life crisis woman,I got a chance to study abroad.I only wanted to learn about global business,taste South American cuisine,and check “study abroad” off my wish list.
On the fifth day,I joined a group for a neighborhood work project aided by the anti-poverty (扶贫) organization.Our tasks were to build a water tower and paint the community center.Upon arrival,I couldn’t believe my eyes.It was like a scene out of a horrible film.That moment redefined poverty for me because I had never seen such terrible living conditions.As advised,I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me.
Just as I was about to start work on painting,a request came through for a few volunteers to help Nadia,a local resident who volunteered to cook for us.I raised my hand to help because I wanted to spend time with the people of the neighborhood despite my shortage of Spanish-speaking skills.
Nadia had a sincere smile but not overly friendly.Even without speaking each other’s language,we started to learn about one another.We chatted about our children,our upbringing,shared pictures of our families,struggled to instruct each other to communicate in the other’s language,and laughed many times.
After we fed everybody and the dishes were washed,my day was over.But I found myself hesitant to leave.It was as if I had known her for my entire life.I had not predicted the unselfishness of heart I would encounter,and it was moving.
As we were waiting for the car to pick us up,Nadia showed me her plants that were well-maintained.I could see that despite the hard conditions she was passionate about life.She made me long to be a stronger person.She showed me that poverty was external,but happiness was internal.I was seeking to give 100 percent for a well-intentioned cause,but I left receiving 200 percent from her.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去智利出国留学的过程中,发现当地街区的生活条件非常差,但作者很好地隐藏了自己的情绪,还主动和当地居民Nadia一起工作,并从Nadia身上意识到幸福是由对生活的积极态度定义的。
1.What was the author’s initial purpose of going to Chile
A.To find new friends while traveling.
B.To participate in an anti-poverty project.
C.To fulfill the desire to study abroad.
D.To gain a graduate certificate in business.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A mid-life crisis woman,I got a chance to study abroad.”和该段最后一句中的“check ‘study abroad’ off my wish list”可知,作者去智利的最初目的是实现出国留学的愿望,故选C项。]
2.What did the author do after seeing the living conditions in the neighborhood
A.She decided to relieve the poverty.
B.She kept her emotions well hidden.
C.She comforted the shocked volunteers.
D.She refused to continue the present task.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句“As advised,I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me.”可知,到达社区后,作者对智利的生活条件感到震惊,但没有表现出内心发生情感斗争的迹象。也就是说作者把自己的情绪很好地掩藏了起来,故选B项。]
3.Why did the author volunteer to work with Nadia
A.She felt very sympathetic toward Nadia.
B.She longed to interact with the local residents.
C.She wanted to improve her Spanish-speaking skills.
D.She preferred cooking to painting the community center.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“I raised my hand to help...Spanish-speaking skills.”可知,作者举手帮忙,因为尽管作者不讲西班牙语,但作者想和街区的人共度时光。也就是说作者主动提出来和Nadia一起工作的原因是她想和当地居民互动,故选B项。]
4.What did the author learn from Nadia
A.True friends are never apart in heart.
B.Happiness is defined by a positive attitude.
C.Language is not a barrier to great connections.
D.Unselfishness is putting others before ourselves.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“She showed me that poverty was extemal...200 percent from her.”可知,她向作者展示了贫穷是外在的,但幸福是内在的。作者试图为一个善意的事业付出100%,但从她那里得到了200%的回报。由此推理判断出,作者从Nadia那里得知幸福是内在的,是由积极的态度带来的,故选B项。]
(2025·昆明“三诊一模”高三质量检测)
Rushing down the path,the traceur (跑酷者) is on the lookout for his next obstacles such as fire escapes,walls or fences.As soon as he realizes a massive brick wall stands between him and where he wants to be,he unintentionally grabs on the wall with his hands and lifts himself to stand on top of it.His next move is a jump that lands him back on solid ground.However,noticing that he is unstable,he rolls to avoid injuries.
Traceurs are athletes who perform remarkable gymnastics actions in urban environments.Serious traceurs are fascinated not just by the physical challenges of Parkour,but by its philosophy.Those who learn to excel at Parkour claim to develop not just physical fitness,but increased self-confidence and critical thinking skills,as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths.
Because of these philosophical foundations,Parkour is often described by traceurs as more of a lifestyle or an art form than a sport.Passionate traceurs are determined to keep Parkour from becoming a competitive petition,they argue,devalues the philosophical theory behind Parkour.People who practice Parkour should be more concerned with their relationship to the environment than with a ticking clock,a score or a cheering crowd.Furthermore,traceurs should work with each other to improve confidence,awareness and unity.Competition,they argue,only brings about feelings of conflict and disharmony.
While Parkour purists suggest that the philosophy behind Parkour helps to limit injuries,they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment.Adolescents attempting to carry out these acrobatic (杂技的) skills could severely injure themselves.So while newcomers to Parkour might be eager to investigate this art of movement,it would be wise for them to remember the physicality behind the philosophy.After all,philosophy is not much good to a broken leg.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了社会上出现的一种体育爱好者——跑酷者,并阐述跑酷者哲学,同时针对跑酷新手提出一些建议。
5.Why does the author describe a traceur at the beginning
A.To illustrate what Parkour is like.
B.To teach ways of avoiding injuries.
C.To explain different Parkour moves.
D.To highlight the popularity of sports.
答案　A　[细节理解题。本文第一段非常形象地塑造了跑酷者的形象,即沿着小路向下冲,然后当跑酷者意识到一堵巨大的砖墙挡在他和他想去的地方之间时,他用手抓住了墙,然后站在墙上跳跃、落到坚实的地面上。然而,注意到自己不稳定,他便翻滚以避免受伤。由此可知,作者开头谈到跑酷者是告诉读者跑酷到底是什么样的,故选A项。]
6.How can Parkour enhance a traceur’s self-confidence
A.By strengthening physical fitness.
B.By winning Parkour competitions.
C.By building faith in conquering barriers.
D.By grasping some philosophieal theories.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话中的“increased self-confidence and critical thinking skills,as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths”可知,跑酷者通过训练自己找到绕过道路上每一个障碍的这种方法,不仅可以锻炼身体素质,还可以增强自信心和批判性思维能力,故选C项。]
7.What do we know about serious and pure traceurs
A.They are aware of how to treat injuries.
B.They suggest individual efforts in the sport.
C.They stress the relationship to the environment.
D.They are more concerned with remarkable actions.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People who practice Parkour...with a ticking clock,a score or a cheering crowd.”和第四段中的“they must remember that not everyone...to get in touch with his or her environment”可知,他们都谈到了跑酷与环境之间的关系,故选C项。]
8.What does the author advise newcomers to do
A.Face physical challenges boldly.
B.Learn from experienced traceurs.
C.Start from leaping over a mailbox.
D.Consider the risk of severe harm.
答案　D　[细节理解题。最后一段谈到试图跑酷的青少年可能会严重受伤,虽然跑酷新手可能渴望研究这种运动艺术,但对他们来说,要注意考虑严重受伤的风险。最后一句“After all,philosophy is not much good to a broken leg.”再次建议跑酷新手要注意不要使自己受伤,故选D项。]
(2025·厦门高三模拟)
The California sea otter (海獭),once hunted to the edge of extinction,has staged a thrilling comeback in the last century.Now,scientists have discovered that the otters’ success story has led to something just as remarkable:the restoration of their declining coastal marsh (沼泽) habitat.
Elkhorn Slough,a coastal marsh within Monterey Bay,had been experiencing severe damage.The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs,which fed heavily on the marsh plants,weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.Coastal marshes like these are not only natural defenses against storm waves but also serve as important carbon storage areas and water-cleaning systems.
The conservation-driven comeback of the sea otter has been crucial.California’s coastlines were once alive with sea otters.Sadly,they were nearly wiped out at the hands of fur traders.In the 1980s,conservation efforts aided these otters in reoccupying large areas of their former range.Now,Elkhorn Slough has the highest concentration of sea otters in California,with a population of about 100.By naturally feasting on crabs,the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.Brent Hughes,a scientist working alongside Angelini,led a three-year study.Their findings were clear:in areas with sea otters,crab numbers fell markedly.This led to a resurgence in plant growth,which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away.
As the sea otter population continues to restore,their positive impact on coastal ecosystems is likely to increase.It not only showcases the sea otter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect on its natural environment—but also highlights the essential nature of top predators (捕食者) in preserving ecological harmony.“My honest reaction was—this could become a classic in the literature,” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins.She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding.“Suddenly,sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响,强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。
9.What change did the disappearance of sea otters bring about
A.Fewer predatory crabs.
B.More coastal plant life.
C.Better water-cleaning effect.
D.Worse coastal ecological balance.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Elkhorn Slough...weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.”可知,海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化,故选D项。]
10.What does the underlined word “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Barrier. B.Advancement.
C.Expansion. D.Revival.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。画线词句前文“By naturally feasting on crabs,the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.”说明水獭通过以螃蟹为食,可以帮助植物的再生,从而推知画线词句“Their findings...soil washing away.”中画线词应为“复苏”的意思,与D项同义,故选D项。]
11.What is the author’s purpose in quoting Lekelia Jenkins
A.To highlight the importance of coastal marshes.
B.To introduce a new research study on sea otters.
C.To demonstrate the practical benefits of sea otters.
D.To emphasize the need for increased conservation efforts.
答案　C　[写作意图题。根据最后一段中“My honest reaction...our livelihoods and our properties.”可知,作者引用Lekelia Jenkins的话是为了展示海獭对人类的实际益处,如减少洪水灾害等,故选C项。]
12.What message is conveyed from sea otters’ impact
A.The necessity for controlled hunting.
B.The interconnectedness of the ecosystem.
C.The drawbacks of wildlife reintroduction.
D.The need for human intervention in nature.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the sea otter population...in preserving ecological harmony.”可知,文章通过展示海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响,传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·陕西师大附中高三模拟)
The Decluttering Philosophy That
Keeps Your Home Organized
When you sit at your desk,you may constantly be confronted by chaos.　1　 Here an expert shares about some useful strategies to keep our messes at bay and her decluttering philosophy—getting rid of unnecessary possessions and distractions.
　2　 “What becomes clutter and where your clutter collects can say a lot about what’s going on with you.” Thus the first thing you should keep in mind is to understand your clutter.When you understand the reasons behind your clutter,it’s a lot easier to know what to keep and what to get rid of.
When it comes to organizing,don’t bite off more than you can chew.If you start off with too big a goal,you might get discouraged if the job takes too long.　3　 Instead,start with something less challenging.You can also work within short time restrictions.All in all,setting realistic goals and breaking tasks up into manageable portions can really help.
Once you’ve chosen an area to declutter,make a list of everything you have in that space.Then comes the hardest part:figuring out what to get rid of.At this stage,please look at your items with neutral eyes.　4　
Admittedly,it’s easy to be organized the day after decluttering,when tidiness is still top of mind.But what happens when you come home from a trip and are too tired to unpack your luggage Or when you get the flu and are too sick to clean up 　5　 In other words,make a system that works for you even when you’ve got to work or when you’ve got a cold.
A.Everyone’s clutter tells a personal story.
B.So don’t restore your entire garage in one afternoon.
C.The key is to create practices that can be easily maintained.
D.It can help you let go of things you don’t need but feel attached.
E.Comparatively speaking,the job taking shorter time will be easier to finish.
F.At this time you may wonder how to clean up your space and keep it that way.
G.If you are worried about these situations,you can delay your decluttering schedule.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些让你的家井井有条的整理哲学。
1.F　[根据上文“When you...confronted by chaos.”和下文“Here an expert...possessions and distractions.”可知,此处要介绍防止混乱的方法,说明面对混乱时想要知道如何整理,F项承上启下,符合语境,故选F项。]
2.A　[空处为段落主题句。根据下文“What becomes...with you.”可知,本段主要讲述了杂物都有自己的故事,A项符合语境,故选A项。]
3.B　[根据上文“If you start...if the job takes too long.”可知,不要设定太大的目标,这样做会有坏处,B项和上文形成因果关系,举例具体说明什么样的目标是大目标,符合语境,故选B项。]
4.D　[根据上文“At this stage...with neutral eyes.”可知,空处承接上文,说明用中性的眼光看待物品的好处。D项符合语境,故选D项。]
5.C　[根据下文“In other words...when you’ve got a cold.”可知,空处和下文内容一致,说明关键问题是创建容易维持的实践。C项符合语境,故选C项。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:cuisine n.饭菜,菜肴;Para.2:redefine v.重新定义;使重新考虑;Para.3:shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺;Para.4:upbringing n.抚育;养育;教养;培养;Para.6:long v.渴望;external adj.外界的;外面的;internal adj.内部的;里面的
B Para.1:obstacle n.障碍物;massive adj.巨大的,大而重的,结实的;solid adj.坚固的;固体的,坚硬的;实心的;Para.2:remarkable adj.非凡的,显著的;Para.4:severely adv.严重地;investigate v.研究,调查
C Para.1:extinction n.灭绝;Para.2:coastal adj.沿海的;Para.3:conservation n.保护; coastline n.海岸线;Para.4:ecosystem n.生态系统
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:check...off划掉……;Para.2:upon arrival一到达;Para.6:be passionate about对……充满热情的
B Para.1:on the lookout for sth注意某事,留心某事;fire escape安全梯,太平梯(在建筑物外部,用以逃离火场);Para.2:excel at擅长;Para.4:leap over跳过
C Para.1:to the edge of extinction到灭绝的边缘;in the last century在上个世纪;Para.2:root cause根本原因;serve as充当;Para.4:the positive impact积极影响;ecological harmony生态和谐
长 难 句 式 B Para:4:While Parkour purists suggest that the philosophy behind Parkour helps to limit injuries,they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment. [分析]　while引导让步状语从句;that引导宾语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词everyone;现在分词短语trying to get in touch with his or her environment作后置定语。 [译文]　虽然跑酷纯粹主义者认为跑酷背后的哲学有助于减少伤害,但他们必须记住,并非每个试图跳过邮箱的人都是设法与他或她的环境取得联系的有经验的跑酷者。
C Para:2:The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs,which fed heavily on the marsh plants,weakening the structural integrity of the habitat. [分析]　这是一个复合句。关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词shore crabs;现在分词短语weakening the structural integrity of the habitat作结果状语。 [译文]　其根本原因是岸边螃蟹的数量不断增加,它们大量食用沼泽植物,削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。(共160张PPT)
UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES
选择性必修第二册
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
读写素养培优
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.tutor n.　　　　 (英国大学中的)助教;导师;家庭教师
2.cite vt. 引用;引述
3.messenger n. 送信人;信使
4.overwhelming adj. 无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的
5.homesickness n. 思乡病;乡愁
6.setting n. 环境;背景;(小说等的)情节背景
7.tremendous adj. 巨大的;极大的
8.perspective n. (思考问题的)角度;观点
9.envoy n. 使者;使节;代表
10.outlook n. 前景;可能性;观点
11.belt n. 腰带;地带
12.initiative n. 倡议;新方案
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.complex sentences　　 　 复杂的句子
2.recall the past 回顾过去
3.latest editions 最新的版本
4.walk out of comfort zone 走出舒适区
5.the law firm 法律事务所
6.insight into the world 对世界的洞察力
7.grasp the tones 把握音调
8.living expenses 生活费用
9.deny the fact 否认这个事实
10.a mature student 一位成熟的学生
11.a boom in car sales 汽车销售的剧增
12.gain success 获得成功
13.from different angles 从不同的角度
14.say sincerely 真诚地说
15.a very tight budget 预算很紧
16.a successful outcome 一个成功的结果
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历
qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格;(使)合格
qualified adj. 有资格的;有条件的
2.ambition n. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负
ambitious adj. 有野心的;有雄心的
3.adaptation n. 适应;改编本
adapt vt. 使适应;改编 vt.& vi.适应
4.comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰
comfortable adj. 令人舒适的;舒服的
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
5.participate vi. 参加;参与
participation n. 参加;参与
participant n. 参与者
6.presentation n. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出
present vt. 颁发;赠送;呈递 n.礼物 adj.现在的;出席的
7.engage vi. 参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)
engaged adj. 忙于;从事于;已订婚的
engagement n. 订婚;约定
8.involve vt. 包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加
involved adj. 参与的;投入的
involvement n. 参与
9.motivated adj. 积极的;主动的
motivation n. 动力;积极性;动机
motivate vt. 成为……的动机;激发;激励
10.advisor n.(also-ser) 顾问
advise vt.& vi. 建议;劝告
advice n. 建议;忠告
11.reasonable adj. 有道理的;合情理的
reasonably adv. 明智地;合理地
reason n. 原因;道理 vt.& vi.推理,推断 vi.理解
unreasonable adj. 不合理的;不公正的
12.expectation n. 期望;预期;期待
expect vt. 预料;期望
13.applicant n. 申请人
apply vt.& vi. 申请 vt.应用;使用;涂;敷
application n. 申请(书);应用(程序)
14.exposure n. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露
expose vt. 使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
15.departure n. 离开;启程;出发
depart vi.& vt. 离开;启程;出发
16.dramatic adj. 巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的
dramatically adv. 突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地
drama n. 戏剧;戏剧性事件
17.behave vt. 表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌
behaviour/behavior n. 行为;举止
18.surroundings n.[pl.] 环境;周围的事物
surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的
surround vt. 包围;围绕
19.depressed adj. 沮丧的;意志消沉的
depress vt. 使沮丧;使忧愁
depression n. 沮丧;抑郁
20.strengthen vi.& vt. 加强;增强;巩固
strong adj. 强壮的
strength n. 体力;优点
21.optimistic adj. 乐观的
optimism n. 乐观主义
22.competence n. 能力;胜任;本领
competent adj. 有能力的;称职的
23.cooperate vi. 合作;协作;配合
cooperation n. 合作;协作
24.logical adj. 合乎逻辑的;合情合理的
logically adv. 合乎逻辑地
logic n. 逻辑(学);道理
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.participate in　　　　 参加;参与
2.speak up 大声点说;明确表态
3.feel at home 舒服自在;不拘束
4.engage in (使)从事;参与
5.get involved in 参与;卷入;与……有关联
6.cost an arm and a leg (使)花一大笔钱
7.side with 支持;站在……的一边
8.culture shock 文化冲击
9.comfort zone 舒适区;舒适范围
10.as far as I know 据我所知
11.as far as I am concerned 就我而言;依我看来
12.generally speaking 一般来说
13.in summary 总的来说:总之
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.It was the first time that she had left China.
(It was the first/the second/...time+that从句)
这是她第一次离开中国。
2.I didn’t know what to expect.(疑问词+不定式)
我不知道会发生什么。
3.The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
(the first time引导状语从句)
她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。
4.No wonder my classmates say I sound like a robot!(no wonder)
难怪我的同学说我听起来像个机器人!
5.When I miss home,I feel comforted to have a second family.
(心理描写)
有第二个家,想家时我会得到些安慰。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-or表示“人”
直接+ edit编辑→editor编辑;act表演→actor演员;collect收集;收藏
→collector收藏家;收集者;visit参观→visitor参观者;
conduct指挥→conductor指挥;invent发明→inventor发明家
去e+ advise建议→advisor顾问;educate教育→educator教育工作者;
教育家;operate操作→operator操作员
特殊 compete竞争→competitor参赛者;竞争者
单 元 默 写 检 测
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.a strict tutor　　　　 一位严格的____________
2.cite their ideas ____________他们的观点
3.a cultural messenger 一位文化____________
4.absolutely overwhelming 绝对____________
5.suffer from homesickness 遭受____________之苦
6.pay attention to the setting 注意____________
导师
引用
使者
压倒性的
思乡
背景
7.tremendous pressure ____________压力
8.gain a global perspective 获得全球____________
9.the president’s envoy 总统____________
10.the economic outlook 经济____________
巨大的
视野
特使
前景
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.____________ adj.复杂的；难懂的；(语法)复合的
2.____________ vt.& vi.记起；回想起
3.____________ n.公司；商行；事务所 adj.结实的；牢固的；坚定的
4.____________ n.洞察力；眼光
5.____________ vt.理解；领会；抓紧
6.____________ n.费用；花费；开销
7.____________ vt.否认；否定；拒绝
complex
recall
firm
insight
grasp
expense
deny
8.____________ adj.成熟的
9.____________ vi.& n.迅速发展；繁荣
10.____________ vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加 n.好处；增加
11.____________ n.角；角度；立场
12.____________ adv.真诚地；诚实地
13.____________ n.预算
14.____________ n.结果；效果
mature
boom
gain
angle
sincerely
budget
outcome
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.____________ vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→____________ adj.有资格的；有条件的→____________ n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
2.____________ n.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→____________ adj.有野心的；有雄心的
3.____________ vt.使适应；改编 vt.& vi.适应→____________ n.适应；改编本
qualify
qualified
qualification
ambition
ambitious
adapt
adaptation
4.____________ n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→____________ adj.令人舒适的；舒服的→ _______________ adj.不舒服的
5.____________ vi.参加；参与→______________ n.参加；参与→____________ n.参与者
6.____________ vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)→ ____________ adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的→____________ n.订婚；约定
comfort
comfortable
uncomfortable
participate
participation
participant
engage
engaged
engagement
7.____________ vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→ ____________ adj.参与的；投入的→____________ n.参与
8.____________ vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励→____________ adj.积极的；主动的→____________ n.动力；积极性；动机
9.____________ vt.预料；期望→______________ n.期望;预期;期待
10.____________ adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→ ____________ adv.突然地；戏剧地；引人注目地→__________ n.戏剧；戏剧性事件
involve
involved
involvement
motivate
motivated
motivation
expect
expectation
dramatic
dramatically
drama
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.________________参加；参与
2.________________大声点说；明确表态
3.________________舒服自在；不拘束
4.________________(使)从事；参与
5.________________参与；卷入；与……有关联
participate in
speak up
feel at home
engage in
get involved in
6.cost an arm and a leg　 ________________
7.side with ______________________
8.in summary ________________
9.generally speaking ________________
(使)花一大笔钱
支持;站在……的一边
总的来说:总之
一般来说
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式：疑问词＋不定式
I didn’t know ____________________________________________，
so I had no alternative but to turn to you for help.
我不知道如何解决这个问题，因此，我别无选择只能向你求助。
how to deal with the problem
2.句型公式：It was the first time＋that从句
_________________________________________________________________________________________，which not only broadened my view but also strengthened my confidence.
那是我第一次参加交换生项目。那次经历不仅让我开阔了眼界，而且增强了我的信心。
It was the first time that I had participated in the exchange student program
3.句型公式：the first time引导状语从句
________________________________________________________，
he didn’t win a medal，but he gained a lot of confidence and new friends.
他第一次参加游泳比赛时，虽然没有赢得奖牌，但他获得了许多信心和新朋友。
The first time he competed in a swimming competition
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.You can look at the issue from many different ____________ (角度；立场).
2.Good teachers have ____________ (洞察力) into the problems of students.
3.It’s too early to predict the ____________ (结果) of the election.
angles
insight
outcome
4.There is no ____________ (否认) that the Internet is of great use in our daily life.
5.The system is too c____________，and I think we need to simplify it.
6.We must g____________ every opportunity to strengthen economic ties with other countries.
denying
omplex
rasp
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.If a student lacks ____________ (motivate)，he or she will quickly become tired of studying.
2.The government has announced an ____________ (ambition) plan to modernise the railway network.
3.The beauty of the West Lake in spring is beyond our ____________ (expect).
motivation
ambitious
expectations
4.Surely it is a national priority to train ____________ (competence) teachers，scientists，engineers and doctors.
5.A fifth year of drought is expected to have ____________ (drama) effects on the economy.
competent
dramatic
Ⅲ.短语填空
participate in;speak up;feel at home;get involved in;in summary
1.It is your hospitality and warm welcome that make us ________________.
2.You’ll have to ________________ a bit if you want everyone to hear you.
3.Since you take an interest in music，I am writing to invite you to ________________ the festival with me.
feel at home
speak up
participate in
4.What the police did first was to question all the witnesses who ____________________ the accident last week.
5.________________，we must aim to maintain a stable supply of crude oil (原油) while protecting the environment.
had got involved in
In summary
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have studied for business qualifications at Peking University for one year.I recall that faced with complex surroundings and dramatic changes，I suffered from tremendous pressure and overwhelming homesickness，1.____________ made me depressed in the beginning. But being an ambitious，optimistic and mature student，I managed
which
to motivate myself to step out of my comfort zone.I grasped every chance to speak up and offer logical presentations in class，2.____________(enable) myself to become competent.I engaged in the Literature Club to 3.____________(strong) my literary outlook on life.I got involved in the Basketball Association so that I could learn to cooperate with others.I participated in some other meaningful activities and benefited much from the 4.______________(participate). There is no denying that all of them could make me see things from
enabling
strengthen
participation
different angles and have more reasonable insights into daily affairs.As far as I’m concerned，5.____________(expose) to the surrounding settings，I gradually felt at home.Just as the old saying goes，“No pains，no gains.” Now I can behave 6.____________ (perfect) at university.Furthermore，because I was on a tight budget，I took up a position 7.____________ a tutor to cover my daily expenses and tuition fees，which cost an arm and a leg.Now my
exposed
perfectly
as
ambition is to become an advisor for exchange students 8.____________(broaden) my global perspective and improve my competence.Among so many applicants，I believe that I am 9.___________(qualify) for the job because I have firm determination. 10.____________ the outcome is，I’ll sincerely side with the school’s decision.In summary，now I am confident in my expectation of setting up my own firm in the future.
to broaden
qualified
Whatever
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3写作迁移
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰(comfortable adj.舒适的;舒服的 comfortably adv.舒服地 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的)
佳句背诵　
Inside,we rested in comfort by the fireplace,enjoying the warmth and quiet.The soft couch and cozy blankets made us feel completely relaxed.(动作描写)
屋内,我们舒适地靠在壁炉旁休息,享受着温暖与宁静。柔软的沙发和舒适的毯子让我们感到完全放松。
be a comfort to sb 对某人来说是个安慰
in comfort=comfortably 舒适地
to one’s comfort 令人宽慰的是
comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①My ambition is to live 　　　　　　　(comfort) in the suburbs of the city in the future.
②　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,my father rose to his feet, approached me and gathered me into his arms,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.(情景描写)
看到我对这一幕感到不舒服,父亲站了起来,走近我,把我抱在怀里,用鼓舞人心的话语温柔地安慰我。
comfortably
Seeing I was uncomfortable with the scene
gently comforting me with inspiring words
教考衔接　单句写作
③As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web.I rushed back to the deserted house.It was 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found.
(动作+心理描写;2023·浙江1月卷)
当我的车靠近时,我的思绪回到了从蜘蛛网中救出蜂鸟的那一刻。我匆忙回到了那座无人的房子。窗户上原来的洞已经不见了,对我来说是个安慰。
a great comfort to me
2.participate vi.参加;参与(participant n.参加者;参与者 participation n.参加;参与)
佳句背诵　
I was thrilled to participate with my friends in the school play.We practiced our lines and costumes,and the final performance was a huge success.(动作描写)
我很高兴能和朋友们一起参加学校的戏剧表演。我们练习台词,试穿服装,最终的演出取得了巨大成功。
participate in 参加;参与
participate with sb in sth 与某人一起参与某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①In order to increase 　　　　　　　　(participate) in outdoor activities,our school organized an activity—climbing the Mount Tai on September 10.
②Silently,he just 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 who were warming up without saying anything.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
默默地,他只是盯着其他正在热身的参赛者,没有说任何话。
participation
stared at the other participants
教考衔接　单句写作
③The club offers various interesting activities.We can
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, watch classic English movies,sing English songs and attend inspiring lectures.All of them help to stimulate our interest in learning English and make our school life much more enjoyable.(活动介绍;2022·天津卷)
俱乐部提供了各种有趣的活动。我们可以参加英语演讲比赛、观看经典英语电影、唱英文歌曲以及参加激励人心的讲座。所有这些活动都有助于激发我们学习英语的兴趣,并让我们的校园生活更加愉快。
participate in English speech contests
3.engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);雇用(engaged adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的;占线的;使用中的 engagement n.订婚;约定)
佳句背诵　
An activity aimed at strengthening our sense of traditional culture was held last week,which engaged a lot of attention.(活动介绍)
上周举办了一场旨在增强我们的传统文化意识的活动,这引起了很多关注。
engage sb to do sth　 雇用某人做某事
engage (sb) in (使某人)从事;参与
be engaged to sb 与某人订婚
be engaged in 忙于;从事于
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Sarah is 　　　　　　(engage) to John,and they are planning their wedding for next summer.
②　　　　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　　　　　,often staying up late at night to finish a chapter.(人物描写)
她忙于写小说,经常熬夜写完一个章节。
engaged
She is deeply engaged in writing her novel
教考衔接　单句写作
③This activity can be held either at our school or within the community.It would be a great opportunity to raise awareness about environmental issues and
the cause.(建议信;2023·北京卷)
这项活动可以在我们学校或社区内举行,这将是一个提高环保意识并让更多人参与其中的绝佳机会。
engage more people in
片段巩固　用comfort;participate;engage完成心理、动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:“我”和朋友准备参加学校的才艺表演→感到一种舒适感→练习好几周→同学们的支持让我充满信心→和朋友一起参加,投入表演→观众们的享受让我感到自豪→参加这样的活动提升了自信心→与他人建立了联系
During the school’s talent show,I felt a sense of comfort as I prepared to participate with my friends.We had practiced for weeks, and the support of my classmates gave me confidence.As we engaged in the performance,I could see the audience enjoying it,and that made me feel proud.Participating in school activities like this not only boosts my confidence but also helps me connect with others.
4.involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加(involved adj.参与的;投入的 involvement n.参与;投入)
佳句背诵　
I involved myself in a wide range of amazing activities from drama performance to art works exhibition.(活动介绍)
我参与了从戏剧表演到艺术作品展览的各种精彩活动。
involve (doing) sth　 包含;需要(做)某事
involve oneself in sth 参加……
be/get involved in 参与;卷入;与……有关联;专注于
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Her 　　　　　　　　　　(involve) was crucial to its success.She worked behind the scenes,helping with costumes and set design.
②Learning that you welcome students from different countries,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
(申请信)
得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生,我想参加这次夏令营。
involvement
I’d like to involve myself in/be involved in the summer camp
教考衔接　单句写作
③This simple routine ,
stretching your arms,legs and back,and taking a few deep breaths.
(活动介绍;2024·浙江1月卷)
这个简单的日常活动包括从你的桌子前站起来,伸展你的手臂、腿和背部,以及做几次深呼吸。
involves standing up from your desk
5.expectation n.期望;预期;期待;盼望(expect vt.期待,期望;预料,预期 expected adj.预期的,预料的 unexpected adj.出乎意料的;意外的 unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地)
佳句背诵　
We are eager for the precious opportunity to cooperate with you and we are confident that we can live up to your expectations.(申请信)
我们渴望这次与您合作的宝贵机会,我们相信我们能够达到您的期望。
live up to/meet one’s expectations 不负某人所望
beyond/out of one’s expectations 出乎某人的意料
expect (sb) to do sth 预计/期望(某人)做某事
as expected 正如所料;不出所料
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①As 　　　　　　　　(expect),the weather turned rainy just before our picnic.
②There will be a Chinese paper-cutting show this Saturday in the art gallery,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
from 8:00 am.(通知)
周六美术馆将举办一场中国剪纸展,预计将从早上8点开始,持续约4个小时。
expected
which is expected to last about four hours
教考衔接　单句写作
③On my flight back home,I reflected on , which left me in deep thought.
Gunter’s simple act inspires me to carry forward the spirit of trust.
(主旨升华;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在回家的航班上,我反思了这次意外但重要的邂逅,它让我陷入沉思中,冈特的简单举动激励着我要继续往下传递信任。
this unexpected but
significant encounter
6.expose vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)(exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露)
佳句背诵　
When you come to China,you can be exposed to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture.
当你来到中国,你可以接触到汉语和中国文化。
expose...to... 使……暴露于……;使……体验……
be exposed to 暴露于;接触
以练促学　一句多译
①我从小就接触外教,能够用英语自由交流。
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　,
so I can communicate freely in English.
→　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
I can communicate freely in English.(having done作状语)
have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age
Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②As prey animals (被捕食的动物),parrots are often frightened by
　　　　　　　(expose) to new household items or strangers.It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability.(2024·九省联考)
exposure
片段巩固　用involve;expectation;expose完成心理描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:“我”加入辩论俱乐部→没想到会参与这么多的活动→老师抱有很高的期望→讨论中接触到不同的观点→学会了如何自信地表达自己的想法→这次经历让“我”更加投入到学校生活中
When I joined the debate club,I didn’t expect to be involved in so many activities.The teacher had high expectations for us,so we practiced every day.Being exposed to different viewpoints during discussions helped me to express my ideas confidently,which was something I hadn’t done before.This experience has made me more engaged in school life.
1.speak up 大声点说;明确表态(生义)
①Please speak up—we can’t hear you at the back.　　　　　
②Bryant and the Lakers have a responsibility to speak up on this issue immediately.　　　　　
大声点说
明确表态
2.firm /f m/ n.公司;商行;事务所 adj.结实的;牢固的;坚定的;坚决的;严格的(生义)
①The bridge provided a firm platform for the bungee jumpers.
　　　　　　　　　
②The government remains firm in its opposition to tax reform.
　　　　　　　　　
③The firm has an excellent customer service department.
　　　　　
④I was always very firm with my children—they knew the rules and I made sure they kept to them.　　　　　
adj.结实的;牢固的
adj.坚定的;坚决的
n.公司
adj.严格的
3.dramatic /dr m t k/ adj.巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的;给人印象深刻的(生义);生动的(生义)
①Universities have suffered a dramatic drop in student numbers.
　　　　　
②Gray describes in dramatic and spellbinding detail the lives of these five ladies.　　　　　
③Some of the most dramatic events in American history happened here.　　　　　　　　　
adj.急剧的
adj.生动的
adj.给人印象深刻的
4.gain /ɡe n/ v.获得;赢得;取得;增加;(钟表)走得快 (生义) n.好处;改进;增加
①Oh,my goodness!My watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours.
　　　　　　　
②These policies have resulted in great gains in public health.
　　　　　　
v.(钟表)走得快
n.好处;改进
③It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not.(2021·天津6月卷)　　　　　
④In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries,the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月卷)　　　　　
v.获得
n.增加
5.grasp /ɡrɑ sp/ vt.理解;领会(生义);抓紧
Liam had always loved drawing but entering the middle school art competition made him realize there was much to grasp①.On competition day,Liam was nervous.As he presented his final piece,his hand trembled slightly.To steady himself,he grasped② the sides firmly,taking deep breaths to calm his nerves.When he finished,the room filled with applause.　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①vt.理解;领会　②vt.抓紧
句型公式:“It was the first time+that从句...”意为“第一次……”
课本原句:It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
佳句背诵　
It was the first time that Sarah had cooked a meal by herself,and as she set the table with her homemade pasta and salad,she smiled with pride.(动作+心理描写)这是Sarah第一次自己做饭,当她用自制的意大利面和沙拉摆好餐桌时,她满脸自豪地笑了。
(1)“It/This/That+was+the first/second/...time (that)...过去完成时”表示“这/那是……第一/第二/……次……”
(2)“It/This/That+is+the first/second/...time (that)...现在完成时”表示“这/那是……第一/第二/……次……”
(3)It is/was (about/high) time (that)...should do sth/did sth意为“到了……做某事的时间了”,should不能省略。相当于It is/was time for sb to do sth
以练促学　单句写作/一句多译
①　　　　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　　　　　 you to attend our program— Talk and Talk.(邀请信;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
这是我第一次邀请你参加我们的节目—Talk and Talk。
This is my first time that I have invited
②该是我们立即采取措施保护海洋不受污染的时候了。(倡议书)
→
the oceans from being polluted.(It is time for...to do)
→ the oceans from being polluted.
[It is (about/high) time (that)...]
It is time for us to take immediate measures to protect
It’s (about/high) time (that) we took/should take immediate
measures to protect
教考衔接　单句写作
③This was the first time that , so they were excited and nervous.They woke up early,tiptoed into the kitchen,and started toasting bread,hoping to surprise her with their skills.(动作+情绪描写;2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
这是双胞胎第一次为他们的母亲准备早餐,所以他们既兴奋又紧张。他们一大早就起床,蹑手蹑脚地走进厨房,开始烤面包,希望用他们的厨艺给她一个惊喜。
the twins had prepared a breakfast
for their mother
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　单元知识运用
1.She will participate 　　　　　　　　her sister in the cooking competition next weekend.
2.She has been engaged 　　　　　　writing her first novel for over a year.
3.After moving to the new city,he was 　　　　　 (involve) in local theater groups.
with
in
involved
4.The event lived up to our 　　　　　　(expect) with its excellent organization and exciting activities.
5.Students should 　　　　　　(expose) to different cultures to broaden their perspectives.
6.It was the first time that she 　　　　　　(see) the ocean,and the vastness left her speechless.
expectations
be exposed
had seen
7.How 　　　　　　(solve) this math problem quickly became a challenge for her.
8.　　　　　　 his comfort,the new chair supported his back perfectly during the long hours,easing his pain.
to solve
To
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.The teacher encouraged shy students
and share their ideas on the class project.
老师鼓励害羞的学生参与活动,分享他们关于课堂项目的想法。
2.Every time he went there,he would 　　　　　 　　　　　　 with the smell of fresh cookies and warm hugs.
每次到那里,他都会因为新鲜饼干的香味和温暖的拥抱而感到如在家中一样。
to participate in activities
feel at home
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute significantly to health.
一般来说,定期运动和均衡饮食对健康有重要贡献。
4.The continuous rain made him 　　　　 　　　　　　 for days.
几天来,连绵的雨使他感到沮丧。
5.He would always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, no matter the situation.
无论情况如何,他总是站在他兄弟的一边。
Generally speaking
feel depressed
side with his brother
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he has been working there for over a decade.
据我所知,他在那里工作已经十多年了。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, honesty is the most important policy in any relationship.
就我而言,在任何关系中,诚实是最重要的原则。
8.　　　　　　　　　　,the diet has its benefits and drawbacks,but overall it may be effective for quick weight loss.
总之,这种饮食有其优点和缺点,但总体上可能对快速减肥有效。
As far as I know
As far as I am concerned
In summary
维度三　单元话题写作(建议信——文化交流)
假定你是李华,你的英国好友David想参加一个在中国留学一年的交换生项目。考虑到自己从未在中国生活过,David纠结要不要参加,并发邮件征询你的意见。请你用英语给他回一封邮件,内容包括:
1.到中国留学的益处;2.可能面临的困难;3.你的建议。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.参加这个项目将使你接触中国文化。你将收获新的友谊。
(participate;exposed;gain)
Participating in this programme will get you exposed to Chinese culture.You will gain new friendships.
2.与许多西方国家相比,在中国生活、饮食和旅游费用比较低。
(cost an arm and a leg)
3.你可能遇到困难,像想家,适应新的环境和学习一门新的语言。
(homesickness)
Compared with many Western countries,it will not cost an arm and a leg to live,eat and travel in China.
You may encounter difficulties such as suffering from homesickness, adapting to the new surroundings,and learning a new language.
4.通过你的努力和他人的帮助,一切一定会变得更好,最终你会觉得舒适自在。(feel at home)
5.抓住这个机会参与这个项目。(grasp;get involved in)
With your efforts and others’ assistance,it is certain that everything will change for the better and you will end up feeling at home.
Grasp the opportunity and get involved in this programme.
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
Dear David,
That’s really good news!
As far as I am concerned,participating in this programme will get you exposed to Chinese culture.Furthermore,you will gain new friendships.Most importantly,compared with many Western countries, it will not cost an arm and a leg to live,eat and travel in China. Undeniably,you may encounter difficulties,such as suffering from
homesickness,adapting to the new surroundings and learning a new language.However,with your efforts and others’ assistance,it is certain that everything will change for the better and you will end up feeling at home.
In summary,grasp the opportunity and get involved in this programme.
Yours,
Li Hua
读 写 素 养 培 优
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作为一名教师,“我”与一名医生建立笔友关系来拓宽学生的眼界。“我”通过电子邮件与在非洲从事人道主义医疗工作的德尼萨医生(Dr.Denisar)交流,用他的事迹来激励学生学习,并通过他的邮件了解疾病爆发和当地居民的营养不良等问题。学生们通过发送歌曲、笑话、艺术作品和关怀包裹与他互动。他承诺一有时间就会来我们伊利诺伊州的小城镇看望“我”的班级。学年即将结束之际,他在四月份联系“我”,说五月份会来访。这是我们第一次通过电话讨论他的访问事宜。
场景续写1:
日子临近→孩子们高兴且紧张→在学校大门前迎接德尼萨医生→一位英俊的年轻人下了车→正是德尼萨医生
As the day of his visit approached,the kids began to get excited and nervous.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
不知不觉中,一个上午过去了→到了德尼萨医生该离开的时候了→按照计划,我们请他给我们讲话→他告诉孩子们要专心学习→听了讲话后,“我”的感受
A whole morning had passed before we knew it.　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
As the day of his visit approached,the kids began to get excited and nervous.Early in the morning,they lined up in front of the school gate,waiting for his arrival with flowers in their hands.Never had I seen any of them so anxiously waiting to do anything.Seeing their smiling faces and reflecting on how they had improved since the correspondence,I felt confident that they would get along well with Dr.Denisar.A car pulled up in front of the school and out stepped a handsome young man.It was Dr.Denisar.
A whole morning had passed before we knew it.And it was time that Dr.Denisar should leave.Before he left,as was scheduled,we lined up and invited him to address us.Looking at the happy faces,he told the kids to be devoted to their studies and make contributions to the world when they grew up,adding that the friendship between them would be built up.Hearing his inspiring speech,I felt that I was right to begin the bond between my students and Dr.Denisar.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,56.　　　　　　 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616.Although they could never have met,there are common 57._____
(theme) in their works,said Paul Edmondson,head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.　　　　　　 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 59.　　　　　　 Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,60.　　　　　　　　　 (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 61.　　　　　　 (build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62.　　　　　　 (visible),said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 63.______
(find) the connection between the two great writers.
64.　　　　　　 (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65.　　　　　　 see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
真题再做
56.　　　　　 57.　　　　　 58.　　　　　 59.　　　　　
60.　　　　　 61.　　　　　 62.　　　　　 63.　　　　　
64.　　　　　 65.　　　　　
【语篇解读】　本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了纪念中国古代作家汤显祖的雕塑和凉亭在英国作家莎士比亚故居落成的新闻,介绍了两位伟大作家之间的相似之处,展现了中西方文化的交流与融合。
56.who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,空处指代先行词Tang Xianzu,故填who。]
57.themes　[考查名词的数。根据空前的there are可知,此处应用可数名词的复数形式。theme在此意为“主题”。]
58.were　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处作主句的谓语动词。该句的主语为Some of the things,that Tang was writing about为定语从句,修饰先行词things;再根据句意可知,此处描述的是过去的事实,故填were。]
59.to　[考查介词。be similar to为固定搭配,意为“与……相似”;in some ways在that引导的宾语从句中作状语,把similar和to分割开来,故填to。]
60.inspired　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为pavilion,　　　　 (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion作后置定语,修饰主语;又因动词inspire与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。inspired by意为“受……启发”,故填inspired。]
61.was built　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,主语是a six-meter-tall pavilion,与build之间是被动关系;此处描述过去的事,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was built。]
62.visibility　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少宾语,此处应用名词,故填visibility。]
63.to find　[考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth为固定搭配,意为“对做某事感到惊讶”,故填to find。]
64.Recalling　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句主语为Edmondson,谓语动词为said,故空处应填非谓语动词;又因逻辑主语Edmondson与动词recall之间为主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语,故填Recalling。]
65.and　[考查并列连词。空前的to hear...和空后的see...为并列的不定式短语(see前省略了to),故填and。]
思维建模
如何判断填谓语动词
第一步 确定是否作谓语 分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所需词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
第二步 考虑时态、语态 和主谓一致 ①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语);②看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者);③看人称和数,确保主谓一致。
以例示法(如61题)
根据Two years later可知,该句描述的是过去的事实;句子主语pavilion与动词build之间为被动关系,谓语动词应用一般过去式的被动语态;pavilion前面使用了不定冠词a,故谓语动词be应该使用第三人称单数形式。
积阅读单词
Para.1:element n.元素;character n.特点,特性;
Para.2:contemporary n.同时代的人;theme n.主题;
Para.3:statue n.雕像;inspire v.启发,激发;
Para.4:connection n.连接,联系;Para.5:version n.版本
垒主题词块
Para.1:Shakespeare’s hometown莎士比亚的家乡;
Para.2:in some ways在某些方面;be similar to类似于;
Para.3:ten minutes’walk十分钟的步行路程;
Para.4:connection between...and...之间的联系
析长难语句
Para.4:Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为主谓宾结构;现在分词短语adding...作状语;that引导从句作add的宾语;现在分词短语walking through the Birthplace Garden作后置定语,修饰visitors。
[尝试翻译]　
[语言赏析]　行文中插入专家Edmondson的话,增加了句子的权威性。引用不仅补充了论点,还增强了句子的说服力,尤其是在讨论文化影响力这种带有学术色彩的话题时。
埃德蒙森说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,走过莎士比亚故居花园的游客经常惊讶地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·石家庄高三质量检测二)
I didn’t go to Santiago,Chile to look for friendship.In fact,Chile was not even on my wish list.A mid-life crisis woman,I got a chance to study abroad.I only wanted to learn about global business,taste South American cuisine,and check “study abroad” off my wish list.
On the fifth day,I joined a group for a neighborhood work project aided by the anti-poverty (扶贫) organization.Our tasks were to build a water tower and paint the community center.Upon arrival,I couldn’t believe my eyes.It was like a scene out of a horrible film.That moment redefined poverty for me because I had never seen such terrible living conditions.As advised,I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me.
Just as I was about to start work on painting,a request came through for a few volunteers to help Nadia,a local resident who volunteered to cook for us.I raised my hand to help because I wanted to spend time with the people of the neighborhood despite my shortage of Spanish-speaking skills.
Nadia had a sincere smile but not overly friendly.Even without speaking each other’s language,we started to learn about one another.We chatted about our children,our upbringing,shared pictures of our families,struggled to instruct each other to communicate in the other’s language,and laughed many times.
After we fed everybody and the dishes were washed,my day was over.But I found myself hesitant to leave.It was as if I had known her for my entire life.I had not predicted the unselfishness of heart I would encounter,and it was moving.
As we were waiting for the car to pick us up,Nadia showed me her plants that were well-maintained.I could see that despite the hard conditions she was passionate about life.She made me long to be a stronger person.She showed me that poverty was external,but happiness was internal.I was seeking to give 100 percent for a well-intentioned cause,but I left receiving 200 percent from her.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去智利出国留学的过程中,发现当地街区的生活条件非常差,但作者很好地隐藏了自己的情绪,还主动和当地居民Nadia一起工作,并从Nadia身上意识到幸福是由对生活的积极态度定义的。
1.What was the author’s initial purpose of going to Chile
A.To find new friends while traveling.
B.To participate in an anti-poverty project.
C.To fulfill the desire to study abroad.
D.To gain a graduate certificate in business.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A mid-life crisis woman,I got a chance to study abroad.”和该段最后一句中的“check ‘study abroad’ off my wish list”可知,作者去智利的最初目的是实现出国留学的愿望,故选C项。
√
2.What did the author do after seeing the living conditions in the neighborhood
A.She decided to relieve the poverty.
B.She kept her emotions well hidden.
C.She comforted the shocked volunteers.
D.She refused to continue the present task.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句“As advised,I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me.”可知,到达社区后,作者对智利的生活条件感到震惊,但没有表现出内心发生情感斗争的迹象。也就是说作者把自己的情绪很好地掩藏了起来,故选B项。
3.Why did the author volunteer to work with Nadia
A.She felt very sympathetic toward Nadia.
B.She longed to interact with the local residents.
C.She wanted to improve her Spanish-speaking skills.
D.She preferred cooking to painting the community center.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“I raised my hand to help...Spanish-speaking skills.”可知,作者举手帮忙,因为尽管作者不讲西班牙语,但作者想和街区的人共度时光。也就是说作者主动提出来和Nadia一起工作的原因是她想和当地居民互动,故选B项。
√
4.What did the author learn from Nadia
A.True friends are never apart in heart.
B.Happiness is defined by a positive attitude.
C.Language is not a barrier to great connections.
D.Unselfishness is putting others before ourselves.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“She showed me that poverty was extemal...200 percent from her.”可知,她向作者展示了贫穷是外在的,但幸福是内在的。作者试图为一个善意的事业付出100%,但从她那里得到了200%的回报。由此推理判断出,作者从Nadia那里得知幸福是内在的,是由积极的态度带来的,故选B项。
√
(2025·昆明“三诊一模”高三质量检测)
Rushing down the path,the traceur (跑酷者) is on the lookout for his next obstacles such as fire escapes,walls or fences.As soon as he realizes a massive brick wall stands between him and where he wants to be,he unintentionally grabs on the wall with his hands and lifts himself to stand on top of it.His next move is a jump that lands him back on solid ground.However,noticing that he is unstable,he rolls to avoid injuries.
Traceurs are athletes who perform remarkable gymnastics actions in urban environments.Serious traceurs are fascinated not just by the physical challenges of Parkour,but by its philosophy.Those who learn to excel at Parkour claim to develop not just physical fitness,but increased self-confidence and critical thinking skills,as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths.
Because of these philosophical foundations,Parkour is often described by traceurs as more of a lifestyle or an art form than a sport.Passionate traceurs are determined to keep Parkour from becoming a competitive petition,they argue,devalues the philosophical theory behind Parkour.People who practice Parkour should be more concerned with their relationship to the environment than with a ticking clock,a score or a cheering crowd.Furthermore, traceurs should work with each other to improve confidence, awareness and unity.Competition,they argue,only brings about feelings of conflict and disharmony.
While Parkour purists suggest that the philosophy behind Parkour helps to limit injuries,they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment.Adolescents attempting to carry out these acrobatic (杂技的) skills could severely injure themselves.So while newcomers to Parkour might be eager to investigate this art of movement,it would be wise for them to remember the physicality behind the philosophy.After all,philosophy is not much good to a broken leg.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了社会上出现的一种体育爱好者——跑酷者,并阐述跑酷者哲学,同时针对跑酷新手提出一些建议。
5.Why does the author describe a traceur at the beginning
A.To illustrate what Parkour is like.
B.To teach ways of avoiding injuries.
C.To explain different Parkour moves.
D.To highlight the popularity of sports.
解析　细节理解题。本文第一段非常形象地塑造了跑酷者的形象,即沿着小路向下冲,然后当跑酷者意识到一堵巨大的砖墙挡在他和他想去的地方之间时,他用手抓住了墙,然后站在墙上跳跃、落到坚实的地面上。然而,注意到自己不稳定,他便翻滚以避免受伤。由此可知,作者开头谈到跑酷者是告诉读者跑酷到底是什么样的,故选A项。
√
6.How can Parkour enhance a traceur’s self-confidence
A.By strengthening physical fitness.
B.By winning Parkour competitions.
C.By building faith in conquering barriers.
D.By grasping some philosophieal theories.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话中的“increased self-confidence and critical thinking skills,as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths”可知,跑酷者通过训练自己找到绕过道路上每一个障碍的这种方法,不仅可以锻炼身体素质,还可以增强自信心和批判性思维能力,故选C项。
√
7.What do we know about serious and pure traceurs
A.They are aware of how to treat injuries.
B.They suggest individual efforts in the sport.
C.They stress the relationship to the environment.
D.They are more concerned with remarkable actions.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People who practice Parkour...with a ticking clock,a score or a cheering crowd.”和第四段中的“they must remember that not everyone...to get in touch with his or her environment”可知,他们都谈到了跑酷与环境之间的关系,故选C项。
√
8.What does the author advise newcomers to do
A.Face physical challenges boldly.
B.Learn from experienced traceurs.
C.Start from leaping over a mailbox.
D.Consider the risk of severe harm.
解析　细节理解题。最后一段谈到试图跑酷的青少年可能会严重受伤,虽然跑酷新手可能渴望研究这种运动艺术,但对他们来说,要注意考虑严重受伤的风险。最后一句“After all,philosophy is not much good to a broken leg.”再次建议跑酷新手要注意不要使自己受伤,故选D项。
√
(2025·厦门高三模拟)
The California sea otter (海獭),once hunted to the edge of extinction,has staged a thrilling comeback in the last century. Now,scientists have discovered that the otters’ success story has led to something just as remarkable:the restoration of their declining coastal marsh (沼泽) habitat.
Elkhorn Slough,a coastal marsh within Monterey Bay,had been experiencing severe damage.The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs,which fed heavily on the marsh plants,weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.Coastal marshes like these are not only natural defenses against storm waves but also serve as important carbon storage areas and water-cleaning systems.
The conservation-driven comeback of the sea otter has been crucial.California’s coastlines were once alive with sea otters.Sadly, they were nearly wiped out at the hands of fur traders.In the 1980s, conservation efforts aided these otters in reoccupying large areas of their former range.Now,Elkhorn Slough has the highest concentration of sea otters in California,with a population of about 100.By naturally feasting on crabs,the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.Brent Hughes,a scientist working alongside Angelini,led a three-year study.Their findings were clear:in areas with sea otters, crab numbers fell markedly.This led to a resurgence in plant growth, which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away.
As the sea otter population continues to restore,their positive impact on coastal ecosystems is likely to increase.It not only showcases the sea otter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect on its natural environment—but also highlights the essential nature of top predators (捕食者) in preserving ecological harmony.“My honest reaction was—this could become a classic in the literature,” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins.She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding.“Suddenly,sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响,强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。
9.What change did the disappearance of sea otters bring about
A.Fewer predatory crabs.
B.More coastal plant life.
C.Better water-cleaning effect.
D.Worse coastal ecological balance.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Elkhorn Slough...weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.”可知,海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化,故选D项。
√
10.What does the underlined word “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Barrier. B.Advancement.
C.Expansion. D.Revival.
解析　词义猜测题。画线词句前文“By naturally feasting on crabs,the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.”说明水獭通过以螃蟹为食,可以帮助植物的再生,从而推知画线词句“Their findings...soil washing away.”中画线词应为“复苏”的意思,与D项同义,故选D项。
√
11.What is the author’s purpose in quoting Lekelia Jenkins
A.To highlight the importance of coastal marshes.
B.To introduce a new research study on sea otters.
C.To demonstrate the practical benefits of sea otters.
D.To emphasize the need for increased conservation efforts.
解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段中“My honest reaction...our livelihoods and our properties.”可知,作者引用Lekelia Jenkins的话是为了展示海獭对人类的实际益处,如减少洪水灾害等,故选C项。
√
12.What message is conveyed from sea otters’ impact
A.The necessity for controlled hunting.
B.The interconnectedness of the ecosystem.
C.The drawbacks of wildlife reintroduction.
D.The need for human intervention in nature.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the sea otter population... in preserving ecological harmony.”可知,文章通过展示海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响,传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息,故选B项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·陕西师大附中高三模拟)
The Decluttering Philosophy That
Keeps Your Home Organized
When you sit at your desk,you may constantly be confronted by chaos.　1　 Here an expert shares about some useful strategies to keep our messes at bay and her decluttering philosophy—getting rid of unnecessary possessions and distractions.
　2　 “What becomes clutter and where your clutter collects can say a lot about what’s going on with you.” Thus the first thing you should keep in mind is to understand your clutter.When you understand the reasons behind your clutter,it’s a lot easier to know what to keep and what to get rid of.
When it comes to organizing,don’t bite off more than you can chew.If you start off with too big a goal,you might get discouraged if the job takes too long.　3　 Instead,start with something less challenging.You can also work within short time restrictions.All in all,setting realistic goals and breaking tasks up into manageable portions can really help.
Once you’ve chosen an area to declutter,make a list of everything you have in that space.Then comes the hardest part:figuring out what to get rid of.At this stage,please look at your items with neutral eyes.　4　
Admittedly,it’s easy to be organized the day after decluttering, when tidiness is still top of mind.But what happens when you come home from a trip and are too tired to unpack your luggage Or when you get the flu and are too sick to clean up 　5　 In other words, make a system that works for you even when you’ve got to work or when you’ve got a cold.
A.Everyone’s clutter tells a personal story.
B.So don’t restore your entire garage in one afternoon.
C.The key is to create practices that can be easily maintained.
D.It can help you let go of things you don’t need but feel attached.
E.Comparatively speaking,the job taking shorter time will be easier to finish.
F.At this time you may wonder how to clean up your space and keep it that way.
G.If you are worried about these situations,you can delay your decluttering schedule.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些让你的家井井有条的整理哲学。
1.F　[根据上文“When you...confronted by chaos.”和下文“Here an expert...possessions and distractions.”可知,此处要介绍防止混乱的方法,说明面对混乱时想要知道如何整理,F项承上启下,符合语境,故选F项。]
2.A　[空处为段落主题句。根据下文“What becomes...with you.”可知,本段主要讲述了杂物都有自己的故事,A项符合语境,故选A项。]
3.B　[根据上文“If you start...if the job takes too long.”可知,不要设定太大的目标,这样做会有坏处,B项和上文形成因果关系,举例具体说明什么样的目标是大目标,符合语境,故选B项。]
4.D　[根据上文“At this stage...with neutral eyes.”可知,空处承接上文,说明用中性的眼光看待物品的好处。D项符合语境,故选D项。]
5.C　[根据下文“In other words...when you’ve got a cold.”可知,空处和下文内容一致,说明关键问题是创建容易维持的实践。C项符合语境,故选C项。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:cuisine n.饭菜,菜肴;Para.2:redefine v.重新定义;使重新考虑;
Para.3:shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺;Para.4:upbringing n.抚育;养育;教养;培养;Para.6:long v.渴望;external adj.外界的;外面的;internal adj.内部的;里面的
B Para.1:obstacle n.障碍物;massive adj.巨大的,大而重的,结实的;solid adj.坚固的;固体的,坚硬的;实心的;Para.2:remarkable adj.非凡的,显著的;Para.4:severely adv.严重地;investigate v.研究,调查
C Para.1:extinction n.灭绝;Para.2:coastal adj.沿海的;
Para.3:conservation n.保护;coastline n.海岸线;
Para.4:ecosystem n.生态系统
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:check...off划掉……;Para.2:upon arrival一到达;
Para.6:be passionate about对……充满热情的
B Para.1:on the lookout for sth注意某事,留心某事;fire escape安全梯,太平梯(在建筑物外部,用以逃离火场);
Para.2:excel at擅长;Para.4:leap over跳过
C Para.1:to the edge of extinction到灭绝的边缘;in the last century在上个世纪;Para.2:root cause根本原因;serve as充当;Para.4:the positive impact积极影响;ecological harmony生态和谐
长 难 句 式 B Para:4:While Parkour purists suggest that the philosophy behind Parkour helps to limit injuries,they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment.
[分析]　while引导让步状语从句;that引导宾语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词everyone;现在分词短语trying to get in touch with his or her environment作后置定语。
[译文]　虽然跑酷纯粹主义者认为跑酷背后的哲学有助于减少伤害,但他们必须记住,并非每个试图跳过邮箱的人都是设法与他或她的环境取得联系的有经验的跑酷者。
长 难 句 式 C Para:2:The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs, which fed heavily on the marsh plants,weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词shore crabs;现在分词短语weakening the structural integrity of the habitat作结果状语。
[译文]　其根本原因是岸边螃蟹的数量不断增加,它们大量食用沼泽植物,削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。

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