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(共168张PPT)
UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
必修第二册
主题语境:人与自然
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.flood n.　　　　　洪水,水灾
2.drought n. 旱灾,干旱
3.hurricane n. 飓风
4.landslide n. 滑坡;塌方
5.volcanic adj. 火山的;由火山作用引起的
6.landscape n. 风景,景色
7.weed n. 野草;海藻
8.deer n. 鹿
9.insect n. 昆虫
10.whale n. 鲸
11.dolphin n. 海豚
12.shark n. 鲨(鱼)
13.kangaroo n. 袋鼠
14.eagle n. 鹰
15.fox n. 狐狸
16.jungle n. (热带)丛林
17.whirlpool n. 旋涡
18.descent n. 下降,下落
19.tidal adj. 潮汐的,潮水的
20.barrel n. 桶
21.extent n. 面积;长度;范围;程度
22.tube n. 圆管,管子;(伦敦)地铁
23.lamp n. 灯
24.sledge n. 雪橇
25.ski n. 滑雪板
vi. 滑雪
26.continent n. 洲,大洲;大陆
27.tent n. 帐篷
28.brochure n. 小册子
29.aftershock n. (地震的)余震
30.metal n. 金属
31.skiing n. 滑雪运动
32.originality n. 独创性;创造力
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.natural disasters 　　 自然灾难
2.the importance of wildlife protection 野生动植物保护的重要性
3.make helpful comments 提出有益的意见
4.living animals and plants 有生命的动物和植物
5.soil pollution and climate change 土壤污染和气候变化
6.a lecture about nature 关于自然的讲座
7.overuse water 过度用水
8.millions of homeless 数百万无家可归的人
9.the greenhouse effect 温室效应
10.the best title of the text文章的最佳标题
11.float on the water 漂浮在水面上
12.fact file 事实档案
13.body and soul 身体和灵魂
14.on the edge of town 位于城镇边缘
15.attempt to rescue the vehicle trapped in the ruins
试图营救被困在废墟中的车辆
16.cause death and other loss and damage
造成死亡和其他损失和损害
17.measure the dimensions of the kitchen 测量厨房的大小
18.work overseas 在海外工作
19.a picnic site 野餐场所
20.a challenging process 具有挑战性的过程
21.a sense of duty 责任感
22.a strong shelter nearby 附近一个坚固的避难所
23.be covered with dust 积满灰尘
24.the captain of the English team 英格兰队队长
25.a distant village 一个遥远的村庄
26.a rich and varied cultural life 丰富多样的文化生活
27.in a scary situation 在可怕的情况下
28.be harmless to humans 对人类无害
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.wave n.海浪;波涛;风潮;挥手 vi.& vt.挥手示意;挥舞,挥动
　①The flag waved in the wind. 旗帜在风中飘扬。
　②a wave of fear一阵恐惧
2.escape vi.& vt.逃离;逃避;被忘掉,被忽视 n.逃跑,逃脱
　①escape from prison从监狱里逃跑
　②have a narrow escape死里逃生
　③His name escaped me just now. 我刚才想不起他的名字了。
3.trap vt.困住;使陷于危险中 n.陷阱,夹子;圈套
　①a shopping trap购物陷阱
　②be trapped underground被困在地下
4.battle n.较量;竞争;斗争;战斗 v.与……作战,和……斗争;搏斗
　①a battle of wits and courage一项智慧与勇气的较量
　②battle with the wind and the waves与风浪搏斗
5.shelter n.避难所;居所,住处 v.躲避;保护
　①provide food and shelter for the poor为贫困者提供食物和住所
　②take shelter under the tree在树下躲避
　③shelter from the rain避雨
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.eruption n.　　　爆发
　erupt v. 爆发;喷出
2.crowded adj. 拥挤的;挤满人的
　crowd n. 人群;一伙人
v. 涌上(心头);挤满,塞满
3.ecology n. 生态;生态学
ecological adj. 生态学的;生态的
4.shock vt. 使震惊;使难以置信
n. 震惊;休克;冲击
　shocking adj. 令人震惊的
　shocked adj. 震惊的;震撼的
5.survive vi.& vt. 活下来;幸存;存活
　survival n. 幸存;残存物
　survivor n. 幸存者
6.poetry n. 诗歌;作诗的艺术
　poem n. 诗
　poet n. 诗人
7.mystery n. 神秘事物,难以理解的事物
　mysterious adj. 神秘的;奇怪的
8.frightened adj. 受惊的,害怕的
　frighten v. 使惊吓;使惊恐
　frightening adj. 引起恐惧的;使惊恐的;骇人的
9.horrible adj. 可怕的,吓人的,令人恐惧的
　horror n. 恐惧;震惊;厌恶
　horribly adv. 害怕地;可怕地
10.curious adj. 好奇的
　curiously adv. 好奇地
　curiosity n. 好奇心
11.observation n. 观察;观察结果
　observe vt. 观察;庆祝;注意到;遵守
12.equal adj. 相等的;相同的;胜任的
　　　　n. 同等的人;相等物
　　　　vt. 等于;比得上
　equally adv. 同样地;相等地
　equality n. 平等;相等
13.interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话
　interruption n. 插嘴,打扰;中断时间
14.death n. 死,死亡
　die v. 死亡;消亡
　dying adj. 垂死的
　dead adj. 死的
15.operation n. 行动,活动;手术;操作
　operate v. 运转;操作
　operator n. 接线员;操作人员
16.suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨;苦难
　suffer vi.& vt. 遭受
　sufferer n. 受难者;患病者
17.conduct vi.& vt. 指挥
　　　　　vt. 实施;进行;执行
　conductor n. 指挥;售票员
18.protection n. 保护;防护
　protect v. 保护
　protective adj. 保护的;防护的
19.breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸
　　　　　vt. 呼出
　breath n. 呼吸;呼吸的空气
　breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气
20.explorer n. 探险者;勘察者
　explore vt. 探究;探讨;探索
　exploration n. 探索
21.preparation n. 预备,准备
　prepare v. 准备;预备
22.polar adj. 极地的,地极的
　pole n. 极,地极;柱子
23.base n. 基地,大本营;基础
　　　vt. 以……为基地
　basis n. 基础;基点;基准
　basic adj. 基础的;基本的
　basically adv. 基本上
24.anxiously adv. 焦虑地;不安地;担忧地
　anxious adj. 焦急的;忧虑的,担心的
　anxiety n. 忧虑,焦虑,担心;渴望
25.ambition n. 抱负,雄心;追求,夙愿
　ambitious adj. 有雄心的;有野心的
26.cheerful adj. 高兴的,兴高采烈的
　cheer v. 加油;欢呼
27.prove vt. 证明;证实
　proof n. 证据
28.honesty n. 坦诚;诚实,正直
　honest adj. 诚实的
　dishonest adj. 不诚实的
29.sincerity n. 真诚,真挚,诚实
　sincere adj. 真诚的;坦率的
　sincerely adv. 真诚地;诚实地
30.bravery n. 勇气;勇敢的行为
　brave adj. 勇敢的
　bravely adv. 勇敢地
31.disappearance n. 消亡;消失
　appear v. 出现
　disappear v. 消失
Ⅴ.短语词块
1.turn one's back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理, 对……撒手不管
2.be/become curious about 对……感到好奇
3.pick up 去接(某人);拿起;捡起;营救,搭救
4.breathe in 吸气
5.run out 用完;耗尽
6.break down 停止运转,出故障;失败;垮掉
7.have difficulty with sth 在某事方面有困难
8.body and soul 身心
9.in the direction of 朝……方向
10.on the edge of 在……边缘;某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
11.at great speed 高速地
12.in the end 最后
13.on the way to... 在去往……的路上
14.be of the same size 同样大小
15.as you can see 正如你所看到的
16.prepare for the return journey 准备回程
17.ahead of their planned schedule 比原定计划提前
18.in the history of exploration 在探险史上
19.the weather conditions 天气状况
20.hopeless situation 绝望的处境
21.fail to win the race 未能赢得比赛
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.
(It takes/took sb some time to do sth)
　不到一天的时间,我的头发就由黑变白了。
2.I felt sick,as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.
(as if 引导方式状语从句)
　我觉得恶心,好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
3.The first,the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell.
(the+比较级……,the+比较级……)
　第一,物体越大,下落越快。
4.As you can see,the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. (The reason why...is/was that...)
　如你所见,我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
5.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. (完全倒装)
　极地的冬季来临,四处一片黑暗。
6.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
(have复合结构;动作描写)
　他让成群的狗拉着雪橇,所有人都坐在雪板上。
7.The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking.
[have difficulty (in) doing sth;动作描写]
下一个离去的是奥茨船长,他连走路都很困难。
名词后缀-ance:①……的状态　②……的性质
直接加-ance disappearance消亡,消失　appearance出现,露面　acceptance接受;赞同
disturbance扰乱 annoyance烦恼,气恼 performance表演,演出;表现
assistance帮助,援助
去掉结尾字 母e加-ance guidance指导,指引　perseverance坚持不懈　resemblance相像
insurance保险 endurance持久力,忍耐力
变y为i加-ance reliance信赖
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.natural landscapes　　　　　自然　　　　　
2.weed killer 除　　　　　　剂
3.a lovely deer 一只可爱的小　　　　　
4.the insect kingdom 　　　　　　王国
5.the destruction of jungles 对　　　　　　的破坏
6.descent stage 　　　　　　阶段
7.street lamps 路　　　　　
风景
Step One　写一写
草
鹿
昆虫
丛林
下降
灯
8.the continent of Antarctica 南极　　　　　
9.put up a tent near a lake 在湖旁搭起　　　　　
10.a tour brochure 旅游　　　　　
11.an old metal box 一个旧　　　　　　箱子
12.creativity and originality 创造力和　　　　　
洲
帐篷
小册子
金属
独创性
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 n. 灾难;灾祸
2.　　　　　　 n. 野生动植物,野生生物
3.　　　　　　 n. 评论;意见
4.　　　　　　 n. 讲座,讲课;演讲
5.　　　　　　 vt. 过度使用;滥用
6.　　　　　　 n. 百万
7.　　　　　　 n. 温室,暖房
disaster
wildlife
comment
lecture
overuse
million
greenhouse
8.　　　　　　 n. 题目,标题
vt. 加标题
9.　　　　　　 n. 海浪;波涛;(情感的)一阵
10.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 逃离;逃避
11.　　　　　　 vi. 浮;漂
12.　　　　　　 n. 灵魂
13.　　　　　　 n.& vt. 营救;救援
14.　　　　　　 n. 交通工具,车辆
15.　　　　　　 vt. 困住;使陷于危险中
title
wave
escape
float
soul
rescue
vehicle
trap
16.　　　　　　 n.& vt. 努力,尝试,企图
17.　　　　　　 n. 伤害,损伤,损害
18.　　　　　　 vt. 估量,衡量;测量
19.　　　　　　 adv. 在海外,在外国
20.　　　　　　 n. 过程,进程
21.　　　　　　 n. 较量,竞争;斗争;战斗
22.　　　　　　 n. 职责,义务;责任
23.　　　　　　 n. 灰尘;尘埃
attempt
damage
measure
overseas
process
battle
duty
dust
24.　　　　　　 n. 上校;队长;组长
25.　　　　　　 adj. 久远的;遥远的
26.　　　　　　 n. 避难所
27.　　　　　　 adj. 各种各样的,形形色色的
28.　　　　　　 adj. 无害的
captain
distant
shelter
varied
harmless
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 n.　　 人群;一伙人
　　　　　　　v. 涌上(心头);挤满,塞满
　　　　　　　 adj. 拥挤的;挤满人的
2.　　　　　　 vt. 使震惊;使难以置信
　　　　　　　n. 震惊;休克;冲击
　　　　　　　 adj. 令人震惊的
　　　　　　　 adj. 震惊的;震撼的
crowd
crowded
shock
shocking
shocked
3.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 活下来;幸存;存活
　　　　　　　 n. 幸存;残存物
　　　　　　　 n. 幸存者
4.　　　　　　 n. 神秘事物,难以理解的事物
　　　　　　　 adj. 神秘的;奇怪的
5.　　　　　　 v. 使惊吓;使惊恐
　　　　　　　 adj. 受惊的,害怕的
　　　　　　　 adj. 引起恐惧的;使惊恐的;骇人的
survive
survival
survivor
mystery
mysterious
frighten
frightened
frightening
6.　　　　　　 adj. 好奇的
　　　　　　　 adv. 好奇地
　　　　　　　 n. 好奇心
7.　　　　　　 vt. 观察;庆祝;注意到;遵守
　　　　　　　 n. 观察;观察结果
8.　　　　　　 adj. 相等的;相同的;胜任的
　　　　　　　n. 同等的人;相等物
　　　　　　　vt. 等于;比得上
　　　　　　　 adv. 同样地;相等地
　　　　　　　 n. 平等;相等
curious
curiously
curiosity
observe
observation
equal
equally
equality
9.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 打断讲话
　　　　　　　 n. 插嘴,打扰;中断时间
10.　　　　　　 v. 死亡;消亡
　　　　　　　 n. 死,死亡
　　　　　　　 adj. 垂死的
　　　　　　　 adj. 死的
11.　　　　　　 v. 运转;操作
　　　　　　　 n. 行动,活动;手术;操作
　　　　　　　 n. 接线员;操作人员
interrupt
interruption
die
death
dying
dead
operate
operation
operator
12.　　　　　　 v. 保护
　　　　　　　 n. 保护;防护
　　　　　　　 adj. 保护的;防护的
13.　　　　　　 n. 呼吸;呼吸的空气
　　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 呼吸
　　　　　　　vt. 呼出
　　　　　　　 adj. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气
14.　　　　　　 vt. 探究;探讨;探索
　　　　　　　 n. 探险者;勘察者
　　　　　　　 n. 探索
protect
protection
protective
breath
breathe
breathless
explore
explorer
exploration
15.　　　　　　 v. 准备;预备
　　　　　　　 n. 预备,准备
16.　　　　　　 n. 基地,大本营;基础
　　　　　　　 vt. 以……为基地
　　　　　　　 n. 基础;基点;基准
　　　　　　　 adj. 基础的;基本的
　　　　　　　 adv. 基本上
17.　　　　　　 adj. 焦急的;忧虑的,担心的
　　　　　　　 adv. 焦虑地;不安地;担忧地
　　　　　　　 n. 忧虑,焦虑,担心;渴望
prepare
preparation
base
basis
basic
basically
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
18.　　　　　　 n. 抱负,雄心;追求,夙愿
　　　　　　　 adj. 有雄心的;有野心的
19.　　　　　　 v. 加油;欢呼
　　　　　　　 adj. 高兴的,兴高采烈的
20.　　　　　　 vt. 证明;证实
　　　　　　　 n. 证据
21.　　　　　　 adj. 诚实的
　　　　　　　 n. 坦诚;诚实,正直
　　　　　　　 adj. 不诚实的
ambition
ambitious
cheer
cheerful
prove
proof
honest
honesty
dishonest
22.　　　　　　 adj. 真诚的;坦率的
　　　　　　　 n. 真诚,真挚,诚实
　　　　　　　 adv. 真诚地;诚实地
23.　　　　　　 adj. 勇敢的
　　　　　　　 adv. 勇敢地
　　　　　　　 n. 勇气;勇敢的行为
24.　　　　　　 v. 出现
　　　　　　　 v. 消失
　　　 　　　　 n. 消亡;消失
sincere
sincerity
sincerely
brave
bravely
bravery
appear
disappear
disappearance
Ⅳ. 短语互译
1.　　　　　　　 　　　　　 对……置之不理, 对……撒手不管
2.　　 　 　　　　 朝……方向
3.　　　　　　　　 在……边缘;某事快要发生 (尤指不好的事)
4.　　　 　　　　　 高速地
5.　 　　　　 　　　 对……感到好奇
6.　　　　　　　 　 去接(某人);拿起;捡起; 营救,搭救
7.　　　　　　 　　 停止运转,出故障;失败;垮掉
turn one’s back (on sb/sth)
in the direction of
on the edge of
at great speed
be/become curious about
pick up
break down
8.in the end 　　　　　　　
9.breathe in 　　　　　　　
10.run out 　　　　　　　
11.on the way to... 　　　　　　 　
12.have difficulty with sth 　　　　　　 　
最后
吸气
用完; 耗尽
在去往……的路上
在某事方面有困难
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:It takes/took sb some time to do sth　 　　　　
　　 the jungle yesterday.
　昨天,我们花了一整个下午才穿过丛林。
2.句型公式:as if引导方式状语从句
　It was annoying that they completely ignored these problems 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　令人生气的是,他们完全忽视了这些问题,好像它们从来不存在似的。
It took us a whole afternoon
to go through
as if they had
never existed
3.句型公式:the+比较级……,the+比较级……
　To my disappointment,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
　令我失望的是,我越想成功,我犯的错误就越多。
4.句型公式:The reason why...is/was that...
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he didn't put his heart into study.
　他失败的原因是他没有全身心投入到学习中。
the more I wanted to succeed,the more mistakes I made
The reason why he failed was that
5.句型公式:have difficulty (in) doing sth
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, so I will try my best to help him with the extremely important subject.
　他在学习英语方面有困难,所以我会尽我最大的努力帮助他学习这门极其重要的课程。
He has difficulty in learning English
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.M　　　　　　 of people are infected with malaria every year and about six hundred thousand people die of it for lack of medicine.
2.The local government a　　　　　　 to reduce the loss caused by the hurricane to the minimum.
3.Immediate m　　　　　　 should be taken as soon as possible to stop the river from further pollution.
4.The negative impacts of natural d　　　　　　 can be seen everywhere.
illions
Step Two　练一练
ttempted
easures
isasters
5.Rescuers were still working their way toward the t　　　　　　 men.
6.The boat f　　　　　　 on the water's surface briefly before disappearing into darkness.
7.So far 18 people, including one crew member, have been r　　　　　　 by a passing boat.
8.We think it's our d　　　　　　 to take good care of our environment.
rapped
loated
escued
uty
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.The two 　　　　　　told us how they 　　 　　the whirlpool,and we were amazed at their 　　　　　　. (survive)
2.The boy was 　　　　　　about everything and he asked many questions 　　　　　　, so his father answered them to satisfy his 　　　　　　. (curious)
3.Doctor Yuan Longping 　　　　　　in May,2021 and his 　　　　　　left Chinese in sorrow.Although he has been 　　　　　　for quite a long time,we are still missing him. (die)
survivors
survived
survival
curious
curiously
curiosity
died
death
dead
4.The 　　　　　　scene 　　　　　　my son and I gathered my
　　　　　　boy into my arms. (frighten)
5.The 　　　　　　told us many things about the 　　　　　　,which included many adventures. (explore)
6.The old father,who was 　　　　　　about his son's safe return,waited at the exit of the station with 　　　　　,twisting his hands 　　　　　　. (anxious)
7.The 　　　　　　boy jumped into the river 　　　　　　to save the drowning girl,and we all praised him for his 　　　　　　. (brave)
8.The air at the top of the mountain was hard to 　　　　　　　　and soon we became out of 　　　　　　.My sister told me 　　　　　　that she would never come again. (breath)
frightening
frightened
frightened
explorers
exploration
anxious
anxiety
anxiously
brave
bravely
bravery
breathe
breath
breathlessly
Ⅲ.短语填空
Being curious about
run out　break down　pick up　breathe in turn one's back on
be curious about
1.　　　　 　　 various things benefits you greatly because it will help you to learn.
2.My money is 　　　　　　,so I must withdraw some from the bank this afternoon.
3.As far as I am concerned,　　　　　　 your shortcomings only makes you fall behind others.
running out
turning your back on
4.In the morning he opens the window wide and 　　　　　　deeply.
5.Finally their marriage 　　　　　　because they often quarreled with each other fiercely.
6.No words are strong enough to express my gratitude to you for
　　　　　　my son at the airport instead of me.
breathes in
broke down
picking up
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In fact,it was out of curiosity that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer, 1.　　　　　 had just returned from a distant continent.
2.　　　　　　(expect) to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration,I went to the site cheerfully.He indeed shared some stories of battling against nature with bravery, in one of which his vehicle broke 3.　　　　　　 in the polar area.4.　　　　　　 (trap) in the scary snowstorm,he attempted 5.　　　　　　(call) for rescue through the
who
Expecting
down
Trapped
to call
phone,but it proved useless.Frightened and hungry,he was at a loss and was faced with death several times.He was walking anxiously until he
6.　　　　　　(find) shelter in a nearby base.Besides,the suffering of wildlife shocked us.According to his 7.　　　　　　(observe),millions of animals are on the edge of disappearance.Apart from natural 8.　　　　　　(disaster) such as flood,drought and hurricane,to some extent,too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate,we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture,I find
9.　　　　　　 everyone's duty to keep the balance of ecology.Equally important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe 10.　　　　　　 (nature) laws.
found
observation
disasters
it
natural
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3 写作迁移
No.2 熟词生义/一词多义
1.shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信 (surprise,amaze,astonish) n.震惊;休克;冲击
　→shocked adj.震惊的;震撼的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
佳句背诵　
In her first P.E.class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.
(心理描写;2024·浙江1月卷)
在伊娃的第一堂体育课上,当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着外面的跑道跑一英里时,她惊呆了。
in shock　 震惊地;休克
be numb with shock 震惊得目瞪口呆
be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do...　 因做……而震惊
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作/语段训练
①He was on the edge of breaking down,not uttering a word,but pointed to the distance 　　　　　　shock.(心理描写)
in
②Seeing horrible heavy smoke shooting out of the window,he
　 　　　　 .
看见从窗户喷出的可怕的浓烟,他惊呆了。(神态描写)
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the news that my partner was admitted to hospital. Meanwhile, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I had no option but to finish our project on my own.(心理描写;2022·浙江1月卷)
听到我的搭档住院的消息,我很震惊。与此同时,我很震惊地发现我别无选择,只能自己完成我们的项目。
was numb with shock
I was shocked by/at
I was shocked to find that
2.escape vi.& vt.逃离 (flee);逃避;被忘掉;泄漏 n.逃脱,逃离;泄漏
佳句背诵　
Now, anyone who does harm to our environment won't escape being punished.
(环境保护)
现在,任何危害我们环境的人都逃不过惩罚。
escape from　　　 从……逃脱;逃避……
escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做某事
have a narrow escape 死里逃生;侥幸躲过
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①The frightened deer tried to escape 　　 　　 (catch) by the tiger,but in vain.
②The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped 　 　　　the
tree. (2023·浙江1月卷)
③　　　 　 　　　 by leaving the tent.Hardly 　　　　　　　　　
when it burned down.(遇险脱困)
我离开帐篷,死里逃生。 我刚从里面逃出来它就烧毁了。
being caught
from
I had a narrow escape
had I escaped from it
3.survive vi.& vt.活下来;幸存;存活→survival n.幸存;残存物→survivor n.幸存者
佳句背诵　
Life isn't about how to survive the storm;it's about learning to dance in the rain.(主旨升华)
生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存,而是要学会在雨中跳舞。
survive sth　 幸免于;在……中活过来
survive on　 靠……存活下来
survive from 　 从……幸存或留传下来
survive sb by　 (时间段)比某人多活……
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①All the 　　　　　　(survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby shelter.(报道)
②When I realized that the poor boy survived 　　　　　　discarded(丢弃的) food,a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me.
③If the explorer couldn't find his way out of the jungle, 　　　　　　　　 　
　 　　　　　　　　　.
如果探险者找不到走出丛林的路,生存的可能性就很小。(探险遇困)
survivors
on
there would be little
chance of survival
4.frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的 (scared,alarmed)→frighten vt.使惊吓,使惊恐
　→frightening adj.引起恐惧的;使惊恐的;骇人的
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg,occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us 　　　　　　　　 (frighten) dreams.(2023·全国甲卷)
②When he saw the real snake, he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当他看见真蛇时,却吓得要死。
③The little girl 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　in the house.(心理描写)
这个小女孩不害怕自己被留在屋子里。
frightening
was frightened to death
was not frightened of being left by herself
5.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心
佳句背诵　
Curious and confused,Frank stopped to get closer to the scene.(心理+动作描写)
弗兰克既好奇又困惑,于是停下来靠近现场。
Out of curiosity, the little boy peeped into the office through the window.
(心理+动作描写)　 出于好奇,这个小男孩透过窗户向办公室里窥视。
be curious about　 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth渴望做某事;对做某事感到好奇
with curiosity　 好奇地
out of curiosity　 出于好奇
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Curious 　　　　　　　　　 (know) what was inside, he tiptoed into the dark cave.(动作描写)
②Like a lamp, the moon shone from above.The stars 　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　.
月亮在天空中闪耀,好像一盏夜灯。星星好奇地闪烁着。(比喻+拟人)
③If you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 or concerned about its future, you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity!(通知)
如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或对它的未来感兴趣,千万不要错过这个绝佳的机会!
to know
twinkled curiously/with
curiosity
are curious about the history of our school
6.equal adj.相等的;相同的;胜任的 n.同等的人;相等物 vt.等于;比得上→equally
　adv.相等地;同样地→equality n.平等;相等
佳句背诵　
I am sure I am equal to the position because I have ever worked as a tour guide.(申请信)　　 我相信我可以胜任这个职务,因为我曾经当过导游。
[联想]　表示“胜任……”的其他表达:
①be up to　②be qualified for
be equal to (doing) sth 　 等于/胜任(做)某事
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth　 在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
without equal　 无与伦比
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child,but as
　　　　　　equal. (全国乙卷)
②The person I respect most is my head teacher who attaches great importance to honesty, sincerity, bravery and 　　　　　　, so he treats each of us students 　　　　　　. (equal;全国Ⅰ卷)
an
equality
equally
③Firstly,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 　　　　　　　　　 is that I am 　　　　　　　　　in communication skills. So I hold the firm belief that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for the fair.(申请信)
首先,没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是,我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此,我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
nobody can equal me in oral English
Equally attractive
without equal
I am equal to the job as a volunteer
7.attempt n.& vt.努力,尝试 (try),企图→attempted adj.未遂的,企图的
佳句背诵　
I attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people,but I was all thumbs. (动作描写;2022·浙江6月卷)
我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物,但我笨手笨脚的。
attempt to do sth 　 尝试(试图)做某事
make an attempt/attempts (to do sth) 尝试(做某事)
at the first attempt　 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事;希望做某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt 　　　　 　(improve)
the situation.(2024·全国甲卷)
②Although he survived the 　　　　　　(attempt) murder,it took him quite a long time to return to normal.
③My teacher patted me on the shoulder,saying gently,“　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and perseverance matters.”
(动作+语言描写;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
老师拍了拍我的肩膀,温柔地说:“你第一次尝试,失败是很正常的,坚持不懈很
重要。”
to improve
attempted
It is quite normal for
you to fail at the first attempt
Hearing the loud sound outside our tent, I was curious to know what had happened and attempted to rush outside. When I went outside, I was frightened to find the wind was fanning the flames of the fire towards our tent. Shocked by the fire, I reached into the burning tent, grabbed my cousin and escaped from the burning tent. Luckily we managed to survive in the freezing night.
8.measure vt.估量,衡量;测量 n.措施;尺寸,程度→measurement n.尺寸;大小;测量
佳句背诵　
It is (high) time that we took/should take measures to keep air from being polluted.(倡议书) 该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。
[点津]　measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词,用主动形式表示被动含义。
measure...by...　 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in　 用……来衡量/计算
take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事
make sth to one's measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The government has struggled to come up with 　　　　　　(measure) to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River.(2024·全国甲卷)
②In that distant continent,trees are extremely tall,some 　　　　　　 (measure) over 90 meters in height.
③Only if 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　can we build a green Beijing in the near future.
(环境保护;2023·北京卷)　我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识,才能在不久的将来建成一个绿色的北京。
measures
measuring
we take appropriate measures to promote/raise the awareness of environmental protection
9.protection n.保护;防护(conservation,preservation)→protect v.保护→protective
adj.保护的;防护的
佳句背诵　
Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.(节日)
每年的4月22日是“地球日”,旨在提高公众的环保意识。
under protection 　 处在保护下
protect...against...　 保护……以免……
protect...from doing/being done 保护……不被……
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and 　　　　　　(protect) endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②We should take 　　　　　　(protect) measures to prevent polar bears from dying out.
③必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。(倡议书)
→Effective measures must be taken 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
→Effective measures must be taken 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 .
protecting
protective
to protect the environment against pollution
to protect the environment from being polluted
10.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸vt.呼出→breath n.呼吸;呼吸的空气→breathless
adj.气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的
佳句背诵　
Additionally,oceans are“the lungs of our planet”, providing most of the oxygen we breathe. (2022·全国甲卷)
此外,海洋是“地球之肺”,提供了我们呼吸的大部分氧气。
breathe in/out　 吸气/呼气
breathe a sigh of relief　 松了一口气
hold one's breath　 屏息;屏气
take/draw a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 喘不过气;上气不接下气
以练促学　单句写作/语段训练
①Soon Eva 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, with her heart pounding and legs shaking. (2024·浙江1月卷)
不久,伊娃开始呼吸困难,心跳加速,双腿颤抖。
②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,dived into the water and saved the drowning girl. After conducting first aid, I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　, waiting for her to become conscious. After observing her 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (动作链)
我深吸一口气,跳入水中,救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后,我屏住呼吸,等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后,我松了一口气。
began to breathe hard
took/drew a deep breath
held my breath
breathe normally
breathed a sigh of relief
11.anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地(uneasily);担忧地→anxious adj.焦急的;忧虑的,
担心的→anxiety n.忧虑,焦虑,担心;渴望
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作/语段训练
①He was so anxious 　　　　　　his son's safety that he couldn't sleep at night.
②Surprisingly, he comforted me that everything was OK since he had known 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(情绪描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
令人惊讶的是,他安慰我说没关系,因为他知道我有多焦虑。
about
how anxious I was
③David 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the cross-country run. But he was scared of being laughed at by others. He was
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　rolled down his cheeks.
(情绪描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫渴望参加越野赛,但是他害怕别人嘲笑他。他是如此不安以至于焦急的泪水顺着脸庞流了下来。
was anxious to participate in/take part in
so anxious that tears of anxiety
12.run out用完;耗尽(主语为物,无被动语态)
佳句背诵　
Jane's energy was running out when her husband emerged, making her smile through tears.
简的力气快用完了,这时她的丈夫出现了,这让她含着泪笑了。(情绪描写)
run out of 　 用完;耗尽(主语为人)
run across　 偶然遇见
run after　 追捕;跟踪;追求
run into　 撞上;偶然遇见;遇到(困难等)
run for　 竞选;匆匆去取
以练促学　用run短语填空
①If they 　　　　　　　　　　certain daily necessities,Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.(北京卷)
②With a fierce dog 　　　　　　　　　　　　it,the fox escaped into the jungle as fast as it could.
③Learning that you are 　　　　　　　　　　the position of chairman of the Student Council, I am writing to inform you of some do's and don'ts.(建议信)
④The explorer 　　　　　　　　　　much unexpected trouble despite the preparations he had made.
run out of
running after
running for
ran across/into
13.break down停止运转,出故障;(身体等)垮掉;使分解;(谈判)失败;破坏,消除
(尤指某种感情或态度)
佳句背诵　
Communication can help break down the barriers between young men and their parents. 交流将有助于消除年轻人和他们的父母之间的隔阂。
break up　　 结束;(使)破碎;分裂;(使)散开
break in　 破门而入;打断(谈话等)
break into　 强行闯入;突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发;发生(无被动语态)
break away from　脱离;挣脱
以练促学　用break短语填空
①Due to a terrible quarrel,we 　　 　　　 and he even 　　　　　　　　 our organization.I don't know how to 　　　　　　　　　　our conflict,so could you please be kind enough to offer me some proposals (求助信)
②We were discussing anxiously when he 　　　　　　　　　　,“Perhaps someone had 　　　　　　　　　　the room and set a fire to it,so the fire 　　　　　　　　　　.”
broke up
broke away from
break down
broke in
broken into
broke out
I wore the swimsuit made to my measure to take part in the swimming competition, which was held to raise money for environmental protection. The match began. I swam harder than ever before. After the first turn, I began to breathe heavily. Halfway through the race, my strength was running out and I was about to break down. I struggled to keep on swimming until the end. I looked at the screen, waiting anxiously for the result.
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class. 　　　　　
②The route measured five kilometers,from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.(新高考Ⅰ卷) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
③Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.(全国Ⅱ卷) 　　　　　
④He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury. 　　　　　
⑤Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock. 　　　　　
vt.训斥
vt.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为
vi.竞争
n.赔偿金
n.休克
A.vt.使困住　B.n.捕捉器　C.n.陷阱
①Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. 　　　　　
②You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 　　　　　
③If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys.(2024·浙江1月卷) 　　　　　
B
2.选出trap的汉语意思
C
A
A.(机器)出故障　B.(物质)分解 C.(计划)失败　 D.(身体)垮掉 E.情不自禁地哭起来
①He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 　　　　　
②If you work hard like that,you will break down one day. 　　　　　
③Really,the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way,which made my dad in trouble.(浙江6月卷) 　　　　　
④Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40% of plastics. 　　　　　
⑤All our plans broke down because of his opposition. 　　　　　
E
3.选出break down的汉语意思
D
A
B
C
4.根据上下文写出wave的词性和词义
　　Looking at the fierce ①wave in the sea, the old woman ②waved her hand to her son aboard the ship. When the ship was out of sight, a ③wave of sadness washed over her.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①n.海浪;波涛　②vt.挥手示意　③n.(感情的)风潮
1.句型公式:the+比较级……,the+比较级……
课本原句:The first,the larger the bodies were,the more rapidly they fell.
第一,物体越大,下落越快。
佳句背诵　
The more time I spent participating in this picking activity, the more I was aware of the significance of work.(活动介绍)
我参加采摘活动的时间越长,我就越意识到工作的重要性。
[点津]　“the+比较级(……),the+比较级(……)”结构中,第一个“the+比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句,在表示将来意义的情况下,用一般现在时表示将来。
(1)“the+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”意为“越……,就越……”。
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”,表示本身程度的变化。
(3)“the more...,the less...”意为“越……,越不……”。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The more roads and parking lots we pave,the 　　　　　　(little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
less
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly.(心理描写)
她越想这件事,就越感到害怕,她的手心在冒汗,心跳得厉害。
③He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(人物介绍;2023·全国甲卷)
他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革,使他的国家越来越繁荣。
The more she thought about it
the more frightened she felt
make his country
more and more prosperous
2.句型公式:have difficulty (in) doing sth
课本原句:The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking. 下一个离去的是奥茨船长,他连走路都很困难。
佳句背诵　
It is also true that, after graduating from the university, Einstein had difficulty (in) finding a post.(人物介绍)
此外,大学毕业后,爱因斯坦连找工作都很难,这也是事实。
·have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦;做某事费劲
·have difficulty/trouble with sth 在某方面有困难/麻烦
·do sth with/without difficulty/trouble 做某事(没)有困难/麻烦
以练促学　单句写作
①　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud.(建议信)
不论你是在语法方面有困难,还是记新单词费劲,你都可以通过大声朗读句子来解决问题。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but actually he makes full preparations for his tasks.(人物介绍)
他似乎总是毫不费力地解决问题,但实际上他对他的任务做了充分的准备。
Whether you have difficulty with grammar or have trouble memorizing new words
It seems that he always solves problems without difficulty
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　核心知识运用
1.　　　　　　(basic), the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail.
(2024·浙江1月卷)
2.With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make 　　　　　　 (observe) of different species with the aid of a mobile application. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.Farber's treatments eased her dog's 　　　　　　(suffer) so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
Basically
observations
suffering
4.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted 　　　　　　(delist) grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (2023·全国甲卷)
5.Well,there is a small park across the street.It's usually not 　　　　　　(crowd) at this time of day. (2022·全国乙卷)
6.I 　　　　　　(shock) at the news that I got my 　　　　　　(private) leaked as a result of using smartphone.
7.The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape 　　　　　　(harm) by the powerful 　　　　　　(wave).
to delist
crowded
was shocked
privacy
being harmed
waves
8.　　　　　　(obvious),his 　　　　　　(survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree.
9.In my opinion,the young man is equal 　　　　　　the job on account of his
　　　　　　(create).
10.To our disappointment, our car broke 　　　　　　on the way and we had to walk to our destination.
Obviously
survival
to
creativity
down
维度二　单句写作
1. 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 I have an important meeting to attend tomorrow afternoon. (The reason why... is/was that...)
我不能和你一起去书店的原因是明天下午我有一个重要的会议要参加。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, so I think we can go there together. (the +比较级...;the+比较级...)
你越了解它,你就越喜欢它,所以我想我们可以一起去。
The reason why I can’t go with you to the bookstore is that
The more you know about it,the more you will like it
3.Feeling so nervous,I even felt 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
[have difficulty (in) doing sth]
我感到很紧张,甚至觉得自己呼吸困难。
4.That was the day 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
(定语从句)
那一天,我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
5.One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(定语从句)
有一天,我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿,抓到了比其他人更多
的鱼。
I had difficulty in breathing
when it took only six hours to break my body and soul
where we often risked going and got more fish than others
维度三　单元知识拾遗
1.About 2 hours later,we all reached the top.Though 　　　　　　　　　　　,
we were rewarded with beautiful scenery. (活动介绍)
　大约两小时后,我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气,但我们看到了美丽的风景。
2.The tailor insisted that he should make clothes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　裁缝坚持要按我的尺寸做衣服。
3.Then she became so excited that she accidentally knocked over the box
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　后来她太兴奋了,以至于在试图靠近时不小心撞倒了盒子。
out of breath
to my own measure
in an attempt to get closer
4.We 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and as a result,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　, we explored the senior high campus
　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (2023·浙江1月卷)
　我们很想了解周围的植物,因此,为了满足我们的好奇心,我们好奇地探索高中校园。
5.It has been proved that in the daytime, plants 　　　　　　carbon dioxide and 　　　　　　　　　　oxygen.
已经证明,在白天,植物吸入二氧化碳,呼出氧气。
were curious to learn about the plants around us
to meet/satisfy our curiosity
curiously/with curiosity
breathe in
breathe out
6.The hall 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 his devoted fans.
大厅中挤满了他的忠实粉丝。
7.He died in 1940 but his wife 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他在1940年去世,但是他妻子比他多活了20年。
8.Hearing the sad story,all of the audience were 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
听到这个悲惨的故事,所有的观众都快哭了出来。
was crowded with
survived him by another 20 years
on the edge of tears
9.She drew the curtains and the sunlight 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
她拉开窗帘,阳光洒了进来。
10.We are busy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the coming College Entrance Examination.
我们正在忙于为即将来到的高考做准备。
flooded in
making preparations for
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(报道——师生一起去探索森林公园)
　　假定你校上周组织学生到森林公园远足,请按以下写作要点写一篇报道发到你校英文报上,内容包括:
1.远足时间; 2.活动内容; 3.感受。
根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作
第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达
①上个星期天,我们学生和老师一起去探索森林公园。 (explore)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
②我们起得很早,7点就出发了。我们毫不费力地在一小时内就到达了目的地。 (have difficulty in doing sth)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
Last Sunday, we students and our teachers went together to explore the Forest Park.
We arose early and started out at 7 am. We had no difficulty in getting to our destination within an hour.
③在探险之前,我们做了充分的准备。 (exploration,preparation)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
④在去森林公园的路上,我们都很高兴,对周围的一切都很好奇。 (cheerful,be curious about)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
Before the exploration, we had made full preparations.
On the way to the Forest Park, we were all cheerful and curious about everything around us.
⑤在森林公园里,让我们叹为观止的是远处迷雾缭绕的山脉。 (breath,distance)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
⑥通过这次探索,我们不仅接近了自然,也缓解了我们的压力。 (have复合结构)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
In the Forest Park, what took our breath away was the misty mountains in the distance.
Through the exploration, not only did we get close to nature but we also had our stress relieved.
　　Last Sunday, we students and our teachers went together to explore the Forest Park.
We arose early and started out at 7 am. We had no difficulty in getting to our destination within an hour. Before the exploration,we had made full preparations.On the way to the Forest Park, we were all cheerful and curious about everything around us. In the Forest Park, what took our breath away was the misty mountains in the distance.
Through the exploration, not only did we get close to nature but we also had our stress relieved.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)
Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单词 hopeless adj.　　　无望的,绝望的
horror n. 震惊,恐惧
despair n. 绝望
frightened adj. 害怕的
hopelessness n. 绝望,无望
appreciation n. 感激,感谢;欣赏,鉴赏
词块 rain cats and dogs　下倾盆大雨
in vain 徒劳,无效
come to one's rescue 营救某人
美句 1.Stuck in the heavy rain,I struggled to make my way but in vain,tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face.
我被困在大雨中,挣扎着前进,但没有成功,恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。
2.Only then did I get rid of my terror.
直到那时,我才摆脱了恐惧。
3. When I saw everything familiar, words failed to convey my appreciation, tears welling up in my eyes.
当看到熟悉的一切时,言语无法表达我的感激之情,我热泪盈眶。
2.场景片段训练(遇险时的心理活动:恐惧→绝望→脱险→感激)
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(倒装句).
I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Stuck in the heavy rain,I struggled to make my way but in vain,②　　　　　　　　　
　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(独立主格结构).
What's worse,my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more frightened and sensed ③　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (拟人).
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　(分词短语作状语),I yelled at the top of my lung but no response.I was about to give up
Never have I experienced such a hopeless moment in my life.
tears of horror and despair
mixed with rain streaming down my face
death was waiting for me
Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness
⑤　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (when作并列连词).
He approached me and opened the door,helping me get out of the
car.After confirming the safety,we inched forward in the muddy water
and eventually ⑥　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　(形容词作状语).
⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(倒装句). When I saw everything familiar, ⑧　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (无灵主语和独立主格结构).
when my husband Joe came to my rescue
made it home safe and sound
Only then did I get rid of my terror
words failed to convey my appreciation, tears
welling up in my eyes
我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家,突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在大雨中,挣扎着前进,但没有成功,恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。更糟糕的是,我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕,感觉到死亡在等着我。我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界,陷入了绝望,我扯着嗓子大喊,但没有回应。我正打算放弃,这时我的丈夫乔前来营救我。他走近我,打开车门,帮我下了车。确认安全后,我们在泥泞的水中慢慢前进,最终平安到家。直到那时,我才摆脱了恐惧。当看到熟悉的一切时,言语无法表达我的感激之情,我热泪
盈眶。
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
　　In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know:Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
真题再做
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
√
33.What does Daru's study focus on
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
√
34.What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
√
35.What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
√
思维建模
隐含推断题——立足原文推隐含
第一步 题干定位关键词。快速浏览题干,定位题干关键词。
第二步 查找原文找对应。找到与题干关键词相关的原文信息,细读相关信息,进行合理适度的推断。
第三步 立足原文做推断。认真比对,选择与合理、适度推断相一致的表述。
以例示法
如34题,根据第四段的“We were particularly interested...instead of the grass right next to it”和第五段内容可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定主观性。由此可知,采样方式的不当会导致数据偏差,故C项正确。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
1.document / d kjum nt/v. 记录,记载(详情) 2.extinct / k st kt/ adj. 不再存在的,已灭绝的,绝种的 3.biodiversity / ba da v s ti/ n. 生物多样性 4.shift / ft/ n.& v. 改变,转变 5.primary / pra m ri/ adj. 最初的;主要的,基本的 6.represent / repr zent/ v. 展示,表现;代表 7.likelihood / la klih d/ n. 可能,可能性 8.reveal /r vi l/ v. 揭示,显示,透露 9.encounter / n ka nt (r)/ n. 相遇,邂逅,遭遇,冲突 10.eye-catching / a k t / adj. 惹人注意的,引人注目的 1.go extinct　　灭绝
2.in the form of photos以照片的形式
3.make observations of different species
观察不同的物种
4.with the aid of a mobile application
借助移动应用程序
5.global biodiversity patterns
全球生物多样性模式
6.take a picture of a flowering plant
拍一张开花植物的照片
析 长 难 语 句 1.These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know:Are they usable
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:These observations now outnumber the primary data...and...I wanted to know:Are they usable ;连词　　　　　　连接两个并列句;　　　　　　引导定语从句,修饰先行词primary data;since引导
　　　　　　　　从句。
[尝试翻译]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
and
that
原因状语
现在,这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据,而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:它们(这些数据)有用吗
析 长 难 语 句 2.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:This makes sense...;　　　　　　引导原因状语从句;　　　　　　引导定语从句,修饰先行词the people;recording their encounters...是动词-ing形式作　　　　　　　　。
[尝试翻译]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　
because
who
后置定语
这是有道理的,因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是民间科学家,他们记录的是他们在附近地区与物种的接触。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·巴蜀中学高三模拟)
Each fall,millions of butterflies across the US and Canada fly up to 3,000 miles to southwestern Mexico.Travelers can see the butterflies overwintering on the Western Monarch Trail,a 465-mile,road trip-friendly conservation initiative that links over a dozen stops along the route.
Helping the butterflies
Organizers created educational panels in English and Spanish explaining the butterflies’ annual traveling and their trouble.The signs also outline ways travelers can help the butterflies recover,such as by supporting chemical-free farms and planting native nectar (花蜜) gardens.
Why butterflies fly to the California coast
Many stops on the trail,including Pismo State Beach Monarch Butterfly Grove and Andrew Molera State Park,are overwintering sites where,from October to February,travelers can see thousands of butterflies gathering in forests in areas with mild temperatures,dappled (斑驳的) sunlight,high dampness,and little to no wind.
Other sites,like the San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden and Avila Valley Barn,grow flowers that provide sugary,high-calorie food for the butterflies to eat.Butterflies settling here demonstrate how vital nectar plants are to their survival.
How to explore the Western Monarch Trail
The butterflies’ behavior varies at different times of day and depends on the weather.In the mornings,while temperatures are still cool,step out of the cabin (木屋) in the Fernwood Resort where you stay overnight,and you’ll find many butterflies hanging together on the branches and trunks of trees at the overwintering sites.As the day starts to heat up—typically by late morning or early afternoon—you’ll be amazed at the phenomenon “sunburst”—the butterflies start flying around in search of nearby nectar.Keep your eyes skyward.Don’t grab your camera.Just be in the moment.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了美国西部帝王蝶的迁徙之路。
1.What’s the Western Monarch Trail initiative aimed at
A.Providing a travel route.
B.Encountering butterflies.
C.Promoting organic farming.
D.Advocating species conservation.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Western Monarch Trail”的同位语“a 465-mile,road trip-friendly conservation initiative”可知,Western Monarch Trail是一个465英里、适合公路旅行的保护倡议。由此可知,Western Monarch Trail的目的就是倡导物种保护,故选D项。
2.What do we know about Andrew Molera State Park
A.It holds many nectar gardens.
B.It’s pleasant throughout winter.
C.It has sufficient food for butterflies.
D.It’s home to butterflies all year around.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“from October to February...high dampness,and little to no wind”可知,Andrew Molera State Park的冬天很舒适,故选B项。
3.What is guaranteed for the travelers along the Western Monarch Trail
A.Signs to guide the route.
B.Cameras for recording videos.
C.Ready shelters to stay overnight.
D.Experiences of watching “sunburst” at dawn.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“step out of the cabin(木屋)in the Fernwood Resort where you stay overnight”可知,Western Monarch Trail提供过夜的住处,故选C项。
(2025·太原高三模拟)
Common water plants could provide a green energy source.Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed,one of nature’s fastest growing water plants.Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future.
For a new study,researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans.John Shanklin,a biochemist,says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil output in the next few years.
Unlike fossil fuels,which form underground,biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used.Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils,animal fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do,but there has been a recent negative view against them.This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food; biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land.
Duckweed,common on every continent but Antarctica,is among the world’s most productive plants,and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons.First,it grows readily in water,so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land.Second,duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water.Third,Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier.For the new study,Shanklin says,the researchers added an oil-producing gene,“turning it on like a light switch”by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing.Shanklin says,“If it replicates (自我复制) in other species—and there’s no reason to think that it would not—this can solve one of our biggest issues,which is how we can make more oil in more plants without negatively affecting growth.”
To expand production to industrial levels,scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil—a challenge,Shanklin says,because duckweed is a nonmainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施).
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了浮萍能够提供绿色能量来源,可能成为颠覆性的可再生能源来源的原因以及现阶段存在的问题等。
4.What can people get from duckweed first-hand
A.Plant oil. B.Stable biodiesel.
C.Sustainable water. D.Natural heat.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed”可知,科学家们已经找到了从浮萍中获得大量油的方法。由此可知,人们能够直接从浮萍中获得植物油,故选A项。
5.What does paragraph 4 mainly convey
A.Options for renewable energy.
B.Reasons for engineering genes.
C.The potential of the revolutionary energy source.
D.The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution.
√
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段的中心句“it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons”可知,本段主要讲述了浮萍可能是一个颠覆性的可再生能源来源的三个原因,故选C项。
6.What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant
A.Industrial levels. B.Unique design.
C.Academic research. D.Basic facilities.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,为了将生产扩大到工业水平,科学家们将需要设计和生产大规模的转基因植物种植基地,并获得石油,这是一个挑战,因为浮萍是一种非主流作物,没有多少现有的基础设施。据此可以推断,大批量生产这种植物的决定性因素是基础设施,故选D项。
7.What would be the best title for the text
A.Duckweed Power
B.Duckweed Production
C.Genetic Engineering
D.Genetic Testing
√
解析　标题归纳题。本文第一段讲到了浮萍可以转化为生物柴油;第二段讲到了新研究表明浮萍的产油量比黄豆要大得多;第三段讲到了生物燃料比化石燃料更新得快;第四段讲到了浮萍作为革命性能源来源的潜力;最后一段讲到了大规模利用浮萍产油的障碍。综上可知,本文主要讲到了浮萍可以作为能源,故选A项。
(2025·郑州高三质量预测)
Waterways are important for every country around the world.They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However,due to industrial activity,many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand.The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However,the river has become littered with plastic bags,bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So,with the help of her father,she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May,Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia,the US,and received a Judge’s Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website,her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡)Barrier in Amsterdam,which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there,a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool,Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,”she explained to Science News for Students,“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish,Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next,she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国15岁的高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下,设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。
8.What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system
A.Her father’s encouragement.
B.Her desire to protect a nearby river.
C.A visit to a science and engineering fair.
D.An invention of a Dutch high school student.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Perry和她的爸爸喜欢在他们房子后面的河上乘船旅行,然而河里到处都是塑料袋、瓶子和杯子。为了清理河道里的垃圾,保护附近的河流,Perry设计了一款垃圾收集系统,故选B项。
9.What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system
A.It was designed by Perry alone.
B.It makes power to run the air compressor.
C.It collects solar energy to remove rubbish.
D.It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally(对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.”可知,她计划制作一个气泡屏障,使河流对角线延伸,气泡屏障会阻止漂浮的垃圾,然后把它推向岸边,故选D项。
10.What is the 5th paragraph mainly about
A.Advantages of the system.
B.The way of testing the system.
C.The improvement on the system.
D.Challenges in the design process.
√
解析　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts...form a full curtain.”(她尝试了不同量的压力,以确保有足够的气泡来形成一个完整的屏障)和“I have to know...supposed to push out.”(我得知道空气压缩机应该施加多大的压力)可知,本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法,故选B项。
11.What kind of person is Perry
A.Efficient and ambitious.
B.Helpful and hard-working.
C.Responsible and creative.
D.Professional and adventurous.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出,Perry是一个有社会责任感的孩子;根据第五段中的“She experimented with...enough bubbles”可以看出,Perry对自己的系统很负责任;根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly”可知,Perry是一个有创新精神的人,故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·太原高三模拟)
How to choose a hiking trail
If you’re a keen hiker,chances are that you have your favourite trails mostly because they’re easy to reach and fit into your schedule.If you desire to set foot in hiking in depth,this guide may walk you through the steps of how to choose a hiking trail to your next great adventure.
　1　,defining how many miles the hike covers before departure.Next,ask yourself if you can reasonably walk that far.You can just walk as far down a trail as you want,and then turn back when you’re ready.　2　,such as a waterfall or standing stones,you’ll ideally make sure you can reach it.
Know what’s going to be underfoot.　3　.On a hike you might encounter all different types of land,and the climbing is going to be dangerous or stable.So do research and understand what type of terrain (地形) you’re likely to encounter.There’s a big difference between walking through a forest and stair-stepping up a steep rock.When you’re using route finding apps,trails are usually rated as easy,moderate or difficult.Make sure you understand exactly what the hike involves from a skill to equipment.　4　.
For hikers,a thundering waterfall falling over a cliff can be a breathtaking climax to a forest hike.　5　,the things you’ll see along the way are a great reason to choose one hiking trail over another—so long as the rest of it falls within your ability level of course.
A.Master your hiking equipment
B.Even if they are worth visiting
C.Check the total distance involved
D.But if there’s a waymark you’re hoping to see
E.It helps you decide between hiking shoes or boots
F.Although not all hikes lead to a fantastic viewpoint
G.Don’t rush into the journey without the investigations above
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了选择远足路径时需要考虑的几个关键因素,包括路径的总距离、个人体能、地形条件、所需装备等,帮助远足爱好Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.flood n. 洪水,水灾
2.drought n. 旱灾,干旱
3.hurricane n. 飓风
4.landslide n. 滑坡;塌方
5.volcanic adj. 火山的;由火山作用引起的
6.landscape n. 风景,景色
7.weed n. 野草;海藻
8.deer n. 鹿
9.insect n. 昆虫
10.whale n. 鲸
11.dolphin n. 海豚
12.shark n. 鲨(鱼)
13.kangaroo n. 袋鼠
14.eagle n. 鹰
15.fox n. 狐狸
16.jungle n. (热带)丛林
17.whirlpool n. 旋涡
18.descent n. 下降,下落
19.tidal adj. 潮汐的,潮水的
20.barrel n. 桶
21.extent n. 面积;长度;范围;程度
22.tube n. 圆管,管子;(伦敦)地铁
23.lamp n. 灯
24.sledge n. 雪橇
25.ski n. 滑雪板
vi. 滑雪
26.continent n. 洲,大洲;大陆
27.tent n. 帐篷
28.brochure n. 小册子
29.aftershock n. (地震的)余震
30.metal n. 金属
31.skiing n. 滑雪运动
32.originality n. 独创性;创造力
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.natural disasters 自然灾难
2.the importance of wildlife protection 野生动植物保护的重要性
3.make helpful comments 提出有益的意见
4.living animals and plants 有生命的动物和植物
5.soil pollution and climate change 土壤污染和气候变化
6.a lecture about nature 关于自然的讲座
7.overuse water 过度用水
8.millions of homeless 数百万无家可归的人
9.the greenhouse effect 温室效应
10.the best title of the text 文章的最佳标题
11.float on the water 漂浮在水面上
12.fact file 事实档案
13.body and soul 身体和灵魂
14.on the edge of town 位于城镇边缘
15.attempt to rescue the vehicle trapped in the ruins 试图营救被困在废墟中的车辆
16.cause death and other loss and damage造成死亡和其他损失和损害
17.measure the dimensions of the kitchen 测量厨房的大小
18.work overseas 在海外工作
19.a picnic site 野餐场所
20.a challenging process 具有挑战性的过程
21.a sense of duty 责任感
22.a strong shelter nearby 附近一个坚固的避难所
23.be covered with dust 积满灰尘
24.the captain of the English team 英格兰队队长
25.a distant village 一个遥远的村庄
26.a rich and varied cultural life 丰富多样的文化生活
27.in a scary situation 在可怕的情况下
28.be harmless to humans 对人类无害
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.wave n.海浪;波涛;风潮;挥手 vi.& vt.挥手示意;挥舞,挥动
①The flag waved in the wind.
旗帜在风中飘扬。
②a wave of fear一阵恐惧
2.escape vi.& vt.逃离;逃避;被忘掉,被忽视
n.逃跑,逃脱
①escape from prison从监狱里逃跑
②have a narrow escape死里逃生
③His name escaped me just now.
我刚才想不起他的名字了。
3.trap vt.困住;使陷于危险中 n.陷阱,夹子;圈套
①a shopping trap购物陷阱
②be trapped underground被困在地下
4.battle n.较量;竞争;斗争;战斗 v.与……作战,和……斗争;搏斗
①a battle of wits and courage
一项智慧与勇气的较量
②battle with the wind and the waves
与风浪搏斗
5.shelter n.避难所;居所,住处 v.躲避;保护
①provide food and shelter for the poor
为贫困者提供食物和住所
②take shelter under the tree在树下躲避
③shelter from the rain避雨
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.eruption n. 爆发
erupt v. 爆发;喷出
2.crowded adj. 拥挤的;挤满人的
crowd n. 人群;一伙人
v. 涌上(心头);挤满,塞满
3.ecology n. 生态;生态学
ecological adj. 生态学的;生态的
4.shock vt. 使震惊;使难以置信
n. 震惊;休克;冲击
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
shocked adj. 震惊的;震撼的
5.survive vi.& vt. 活下来;幸存;存活
survival n. 幸存;残存物
survivor n. 幸存者
6.poetry n. 诗歌;作诗的艺术
poem n. 诗
poet n. 诗人
7.mystery n. 神秘事物,难以理解的事物
mysterious adj. 神秘的;奇怪的
8.frightened adj. 受惊的,害怕的
frighten v. 使惊吓;使惊恐
frightening adj. 引起恐惧的;使惊恐的;骇人的
9.horrible adj. 可怕的,吓人的,令人恐惧的
horror n. 恐惧;震惊;厌恶
horribly adv. 害怕地;可怕地
10.curious adj. 好奇的
curiously adv. 好奇地
curiosity n. 好奇心
11.observation n. 观察;观察结果
observe vt. 观察;庆祝;注意到;遵守
12.equal adj. 相等的;相同的;胜任的
n. 同等的人;相等物
vt. 等于;比得上
equally adv. 同样地;相等地
equality n. 平等;相等
13.interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话
interruption n. 插嘴,打扰;中断时间
14.death n. 死,死亡
die v. 死亡;消亡
dying adj. 垂死的
dead adj. 死的
15.operation n. 行动,活动;手术;操作
operate v. 运转;操作
operator n. 接线员;操作人员
16.suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨;苦难
suffer vi.& vt. 遭受
sufferer n. 受难者;患病者
17.conduct vi.& vt. 指挥
vt. 实施;进行;执行
conductor n. 指挥;售票员
18.protection n. 保护;防护
protect v. 保护
protective adj. 保护的;防护的
19.breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸
vt. 呼出
breath n. 呼吸;呼吸的空气
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气
20.explorer n. 探险者;勘察者
explore vt. 探究;探讨;探索
exploration n. 探索
21.preparation n. 预备,准备
prepare v. 准备;预备
22.polar adj. 极地的,地极的
pole n. 极,地极;柱子
23.base n. 基地,大本营;基础
vt. 以……为基地
basis n. 基础;基点;基准
basic adj. 基础的;基本的
basically adv. 基本上
24.anxiously adv. 焦虑地;不安地;担忧地
anxious adj. 焦急的;忧虑的,担心的
anxiety n. 忧虑,焦虑,担心;渴望
25.ambition n. 抱负,雄心;追求,夙愿
ambitious adj. 有雄心的;有野心的
26.cheerful adj. 高兴的,兴高采烈的
cheer v. 加油;欢呼
27.prove vt. 证明;证实
proof n. 证据
28.honesty n. 坦诚;诚实,正直
honest adj. 诚实的
dishonest adj. 不诚实的
29.sincerity n. 真诚,真挚,诚实
sincere adj. 真诚的;坦率的
sincerely adv. 真诚地;诚实地
30.bravery n. 勇气;勇敢的行为
brave adj. 勇敢的
bravely adv. 勇敢地
31.disappearance n. 消亡;消失
appear v. 出现
disappear v. 消失
Ⅴ.短语词块
1.turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理,对……撒手不管
2.be/become curious about 对……感到好奇
3.pick up 去接(某人);拿起;捡起;营救,搭救
4.breathe in 吸气
5.run out 用完;耗尽
6.break down 停止运转,出故障;失败;垮掉
7.have difficulty with sth 在某事方面有困难
8.body and soul 身心
9.in the direction of 朝……方向
10.on the edge of 在……边缘;某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
11.at great speed 高速地
12.in the end 最后
13.on the way to... 在去往……的路上
14.be of the same size 同样大小
15.as you can see 正如你所看到的
16.prepare for the return journey 准备回程
17.ahead of their planned schedule 比原定计划提前
18.in the history of exploration 在探险史上
19.the weather conditions 天气状况
20.hopeless situation 绝望的处境
21.fail to win the race 未能赢得比赛
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. (It takes/took sb some time to do sth)
不到一天的时间,我的头发就由黑变白了。
2.I felt sick,as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. (as if 引导方式状语从句)
我觉得恶心,好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
3.The first,the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell. (the+比较级……,the+比较级……)
第一,物体越大,下落越快。
4.As you can see,the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. (The reason why...is/was that...)
如你所见,我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
5.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. (完全倒装)
极地的冬季来临,四处一片黑暗。
6.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. (have复合结构;动作描写)
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇,所有人都坐在雪板上。
7.The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking. [have difficulty (in) doing sth;动作描写]
下一个离去的是奥茨船长,他连走路都很困难。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀 ance:①……的状态　②……的性质
直接加 ance disappearance消亡,消失appearance出现,露面acceptance接受;赞同 disturbance扰乱 annoyance烦恼,气恼 performance表演,演出;表现 assistance帮助,援助
去掉结尾字 母e加 ance guidance指导,指引　perseverance坚持不懈resemblance相像 insurance保险 endurance持久力,忍耐力
变y为i加 ance reliance信赖
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.natural landscapes 自然风景
2.weed killer 除草剂
3.a lovely deer 一只可爱的小鹿
4.the insect kingdom 昆虫王国
5.the destruction of jungles 对丛林的破坏
6.descent stage 下降阶段
7.street lamps 路灯
8.the continent of Antarctica 南极洲
9.put up a tent near a lake 在湖旁搭起帐篷
10.a tour brochure 旅游小册子
11.an old metal box 一个旧金属箱子
12.creativity and originality 创造力和独创性
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.disaster n.　 灾难;灾祸
2.wildlife n. 野生动植物,野生生物
3.comment n. 评论;意见
4.lecture n. 讲座,讲课;演讲
5.overuse vt. 过度使用;滥用
6.million n. 百万
7.greenhouse n. 温室,暖房
8.title n. 题目,标题
vt. 加标题
9.wave n. 海浪;波涛;(情感的)一阵
10.escape vi.& vt. 逃离;逃避
11.float vi. 浮;漂
12.soul n. 灵魂
13.rescue n.& vt. 营救;救援
14.vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆
15.trap vt. 困住;使陷于危险中
16.attempt n.& vt. 努力,尝试,企图
17.damage n. 伤害,损伤,损害
18.measure vt. 估量,衡量;测量
19.overseas adv. 在海外,在外国
20.process n. 过程,进程
21.battle n. 较量,竞争;斗争;战斗
22.duty n. 职责,义务;责任
23.dust n. 灰尘;尘埃
24.captain n. 上校;队长;组长
25.distant adj. 久远的;遥远的
26.shelter n. 避难所
27.varied adj. 各种各样的,形形色色的
28.harmless adj. 无害的
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.crowd n. 人群;一伙人
v. 涌上(心头);挤满,塞满
crowded adj. 拥挤的;挤满人的
2.shock vt. 使震惊;使难以置信
n. 震惊;休克;冲击
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
shocked adj. 震惊的;震撼的
3.survive vi.& vt. 活下来;幸存;存活
survival n. 幸存;残存物
survivor n. 幸存者
4.mystery n. 神秘事物,难以理解的事物
mysterious adj. 神秘的;奇怪的
5.frighten v. 使惊吓;使惊恐
frightened adj. 受惊的,害怕的
frightening adj. 引起恐惧的;使惊恐的;骇人的
6.curious adj. 好奇的
curiously adv. 好奇地
curiosity n. 好奇心
7.observe vt. 观察;庆祝;注意到;遵守
observation n. 观察;观察结果
8.equal adj. 相等的;相同的;胜任的
n. 同等的人;相等物
vt. 等于;比得上
equally adv. 同样地;相等地
equality n. 平等;相等
9.interrupt vi.& vt. 打断讲话
interruption n. 插嘴,打扰;中断时间
10.die v. 死亡;消亡
death n. 死,死亡
dying adj. 垂死的
dead adj. 死的
11.operate v. 运转;操作
operation n. 行动,活动;手术;操作
operator n. 接线员;操作人员
12.protect v. 保护
protection n. 保护;防护
protective adj. 保护的;防护的
13.breath n. 呼吸;呼吸的空气
breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸
vt. 呼出
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气
14.explore vt. 探究;探讨;探索
explorer n. 探险者;勘察者
exploration n. 探索
15.prepare v. 准备;预备
preparation n. 预备,准备
16.base n. 基地,大本营;基础
vt. 以……为基地
basis n. 基础;基点;基准
basic adj. 基础的;基本的
basically adv. 基本上
17.anxious adj. 焦急的;忧虑的,担心的
anxiously adv. 焦虑地;不安地;担忧地
anxiety n. 忧虑,焦虑,担心;渴望
18.ambition n. 抱负,雄心;追求,夙愿
ambitious adj. 有雄心的;有野心的
19.cheer v. 加油;欢呼
cheerful adj. 高兴的,兴高采烈的
20.prove vt. 证明;证实
proof n. 证据
21.honest adj. 诚实的
honesty n. 坦诚;诚实,正直
dishonest adj. 不诚实的
22.sincere adj. 真诚的;坦率的
sincerity n. 真诚,真挚,诚实
sincerely adv. 真诚地;诚实地
23.brave adj. 勇敢的
bravely adv. 勇敢地
bravery n. 勇气;勇敢的行为
24.appear v. 出现
disappear v. 消失
disappearance n. 消亡;消失
Ⅳ. 短语互译
1.turn one’s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理,对……撒手不管
2.in the direction of 朝……方向
3.on the edge of 在……边缘;某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
4.at great speed 高速地
5.be/become curious about 对……感到好奇
6.pick up 去接(某人);拿起;捡起;营救,搭救
7.break down 停止运转,出故障;失败;垮掉
8.in the end 最后
9.breathe in 吸气
10.run out 用完;耗尽
11.on the way to... 在去往……的路上
12.have difficulty with sth 在某事方面有困难
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:It takes/took sb some time to do sth
It took us a whole afternoon to go through the jungle yesterday.
昨天,我们花了一整个下午才穿过丛林。
2.句型公式:as if引导方式状语从句
It was annoying that they completely ignored these problems as if they had never existed.
令人生气的是,他们完全忽视了这些问题,好像它们从来不存在似的。
3.句型公式:the+比较级……,the+比较级……
To my disappointment,the more I wanted to succeed,the more mistakes I made.
令我失望的是,我越想成功,我犯的错误就越多。
4.句型公式:The reason why...is/was that...
The reason why he failed was that he didn’t put his heart into study.
他失败的原因是他没有全身心投入到学习中。
5.句型公式:have difficulty (in) doing sth
He has difficulty in learning English,so I will try my best to help him with the extremely important subject.
他在学习英语方面有困难,所以我会尽我最大的努力帮助他学习这门极其重要的课程。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.Millions of people are infected with malaria every year and about six hundred thousand people die of it for lack of medicine.
2.The local government attempted to reduce the loss caused by the hurricane to the minimum.
3.Immediate measures should be taken as soon as possible to stop the river from further pollution.
4.The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere.
5.Rescuers were still working their way toward the trapped men.
6.The boat floated on the water’s surface briefly before disappearing into darkness.
7.So far 18 people, including one crew member, have been rescued by a passing boat.
8.We think it’s our duty to take good care of our environment.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.The two survivors told us how they survived the whirlpool,and we were amazed at their survival. (survive)
2.The boy was curious about everything and he asked many questions curiously,so his father answered them to satisfy his curiosity. (curious)
3.Doctor Yuan Longping died in May,2021 and his death left Chinese in sorrow.Although he has been dead for quite a long time,we are still missing him. (die)
4.The frightening scene frightened my son and I gathered my frightened boy into my arms. (frighten)
5.The explorers told us many things about the exploration,which included many adventures. (explore)
6.The old father,who was anxious about his son’s safe return,waited at the exit of the station with anxiety,twisting his hands anxiously. (anxious)
7.The brave boy jumped into the river bravely to save the drowning girl,and we all praised him for his bravery. (brave)
8.The air at the top of the mountain was hard to breathe and soon we became out of breath.My sister told me breathlessly that she would never come again. (breath)
Ⅲ.短语填空
(
run out
　
break down
　
pick up
　
breathe in
turn one

s back on
　
be curious about
)
1.Being curious about various things benefits you greatly because it will help you to learn.
2.My money is running out,so I must withdraw some from the bank this afternoon.
3.As far as I am concerned,turning your back on your shortcomings only makes you fall behind others.
4.In the morning he opens the window wide and breathes in deeply.
5.Finally their marriage broke down because they often quarreled with each other fiercely.
6.No words are strong enough to express my gratitude to you for picking up my son at the airport instead of me.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In fact,it was out of curiosity that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer, 1.who had just returned from a distant continent.2.Expecting(expect) to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration,I went to the site cheerfully.He indeed shared some stories of battling against nature with bravery,in one of which his vehicle broke 3.down in the polar area.4.Trapped(trap) in the scary snowstorm,he attempted 5.to call(call) for rescue through the phone,but it proved useless.Frightened and hungry,he was at a loss and was faced with death several times.He was walking anxiously until he 6.found(find) shelter in a nearby base.Besides,the suffering of wildlife shocked us.According to his 7.observation(observe),millions of animals are on the edge of disappearance.Apart from natural 8.disasters(disaster) such as flood,drought and hurricane,to some extent,too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate,we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture,I find 9.it everyone’s duty to keep the balance of ecology.Equally important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe 10.natural (nature) laws.
1.shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信 (surprise,amaze,astonish) n.震惊;休克;冲击→shocked adj.震惊的;震撼的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
佳句背诵　
In her first P.E.class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. (心理描写;2024·浙江1月卷)
在伊娃的第一堂体育课上,当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着外面的跑道跑一英里时,她惊呆了。
in shock　 震惊地;休克
be numb with shock 震惊得目瞪口呆
be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do...　 因做……而震惊
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作/语段训练
①He was on the edge of breaking down,not uttering a word,but pointed to the distance in shock.(心理描写)
②Seeing horrible heavy smoke shooting out of the window,he was numb with shock.
看见从窗户喷出的可怕的浓烟,他惊呆了。(神态描写)
③I was shocked by/at the news that my partner was admitted to hospital. Meanwhile, I was shocked to find that I had no option but to finish our project on my own.(心理描写;2022·浙江1月卷)
听到我的搭档住院的消息,我很震惊。与此同时,我很震惊地发现我别无选择,只能自己完成我们的项目。
2.escape vi.& vt.逃离 (flee);逃避;被忘掉;泄漏 n.逃脱,逃离;泄漏
佳句背诵　
Now, anyone who does harm to our environment won’t escape being punished.(环境保护)
现在,任何危害我们环境的人都逃不过惩罚。
escape from　　　 从……逃脱;逃避……
escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做某事
have a narrow escape 死里逃生;侥幸躲过
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①The frightened deer tried to escape being caught(catch) by the tiger,but in vain.
②The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. (2023·浙江1月卷)
③I had a narrow escape by leaving the tent.Hardly had I escaped from it when it burned down.(遇险脱困)
我离开帐篷,死里逃生。 我刚从里面逃出来它就烧毁了。
3.survive vi.& vt.活下来;幸存;存活→survival n.幸存;残存物→survivor n.幸存者
佳句背诵　
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm;it’s about learning to dance in the rain.(主旨升华)
生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存,而是要学会在雨中跳舞。
survive sth　 幸免于;在……中活过来
survive on　 靠……存活下来
survive from 　 从……幸存或留传下来
survive sb by　 (时间段)比某人多活……
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①All the survivors(survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby shelter.(报道)
②When I realized that the poor boy survived on discarded(丢弃的) food,a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me.
③If the explorer couldn’t find his way out of the jungle,there would be little chance of survival.
如果探险者找不到走出丛林的路,生存的可能性就很小。(探险遇困)
4.frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的 (scared,alarmed)→frighten vt.使惊吓,使惊恐→frightening adj.引起恐惧的;使惊恐的;骇人的
佳句背诵　
I felt so frightened that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.(心理描写)
我感到如此害怕,以至于嗓子发紧,膝盖发软。
be frightened to do sth 不敢去做某事
be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
frighten sb
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg,occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening(frighten) dreams.(2023·全国甲卷)
②When he saw the real snake, he was frightened to death.
当他看见真蛇时,却吓得要死。
③The little girl was not frightened of being left by herself in the house.(心理描写)
这个小女孩不害怕自己被留在屋子里。
5.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心
佳句背诵　
Curious and confused,Frank stopped to get closer to the scene.(心理+动作描写)
弗兰克既好奇又困惑,于是停下来靠近现场。
Out of curiosity, the little boy peeped into the office through the window.(心理+动作描写)
出于好奇,这个小男孩透过窗户向办公室里窥视。
be curious about　 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth　 渴望做某事;对做某事感到好奇
with curiosity　 好奇地
out of curiosity　 出于好奇
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Curious to know(know) what was inside, he tiptoed into the dark cave.(动作描写)
②Like a lamp, the moon shone from above.The stars twinkled curiously/with curiosity.
月亮在天空中闪耀,好像一盏夜灯。星星好奇地闪烁着。(比喻+拟人)
③If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity!(通知)
如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或对它的未来感兴趣,千万不要错过这个绝佳的机会!
6.equal adj.相等的;相同的;胜任的 n.同等的人;相等物 vt.等于;比得上→equally adv.相等地;同样地→equality n.平等;相等
佳句背诵　
I am sure I am equal to the position because I have ever worked as a tour guide.(申请信)
我相信我可以胜任这个职务,因为我曾经当过导游。
[联想]　表示“胜任……”的其他表达:
①be up to　②be qualified for
be equal to (doing) sth 　 等于/胜任(做)某事
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth　 在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
without equal　 无与伦比
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child,but as an equal.(全国乙卷)
②The person I respect most is my head teacher who attaches great importance to honesty, sincerity, bravery and equality, so he treats each of us students equally.(equal;全国Ⅰ卷)
③Firstly,nobody can equal me in oral English.Equally attractive is that I am without equal in communication skills. So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair.(申请信)　首先,没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是,我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此,我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
7.attempt n.& vt.努力,尝试 (try),企图→attempted adj.未遂的,企图的
佳句背诵　
I attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people,but I was all thumbs. (动作描写;2022·浙江6月卷)
我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物,但我笨手笨脚的。
attempt to do sth 　 尝试(试图)做某事
make an attempt/attempts (to do sth) 尝试(做某事)
at the first attempt　 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事;希望做某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve(improve) the situation. (2024·全国甲卷)
②Although he survived the attempted(attempt) murder,it took him quite a long time to return to normal.
③My teacher patted me on the shoulder,saying gently,“It is quite normal for you to fail at the first attempt and perseverance matters.”(动作+语言描写;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
老师拍了拍我的肩膀,温柔地说:“你第一次尝试,失败是很正常的,坚持不懈很重要。”
片段巩固 用shock;escape;survive;frightened;curious;attempt完成动作、心理描写的片段
写作提示:好奇帐篷外发生了什么并试图冲到外面→恐惧地发现风正把火焰吹向帐篷→被大火吓坏了→冲进帐篷,拉着表妹逃出帐篷→在寒冷的夜晚幸存下来
　　Hearing the loud sound outside our tent, I was curious to know what had happened and attempted to rush outside. When I went outside, I was frightened to find the wind was fanning the flames of the fire towards our tent. Shocked by the fire, I reached into the burning tent, grabbed my cousin and escaped from the burning tent. Luckily we managed to survive in the freezing night.
8.measure vt.估量,衡量;测量 n.措施;尺寸,程度→measurement n.尺寸;大小;测量
佳句背诵　
It is (high) time that we took/should take measures to keep air from being polluted.(倡议书)
该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。
[点津]　measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词,用主动形式表示被动含义。
measure...by...　 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in　 用……来衡量/计算
take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事
make sth to one’s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The government has struggled to come up with measures(measure) to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River.(2024·全国甲卷)
②In that distant continent,trees are extremely tall,some measuring(measure) over 90 meters in height.
③Only if we take appropriate measures to promote/raise the awareness of environmental protection can we build a green Beijing in the near future.(环境保护;2023·北京卷)
我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识,才能在不久的将来建成一个绿色的北京。
9.protection n.保护;防护(conservation,preservation)→protect v.保护→protective
adj.保护的;防护的
佳句背诵　
Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.(节日)
每年的4月22日是“地球日”,旨在提高公众的环保意识。
under protection 　 处在保护下
protect...against...　 保护……以免……
protect...from doing/being done 保护……不被……
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting(protect) endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②We should take protective(protect) measures to prevent polar bears from dying out.
③必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。(倡议书)
→Effective measures must be taken to protect the environment against pollution.
→Effective measures must be taken to protect the environment from being polluted.
10.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸vt.呼出→breath n.呼吸;呼吸的空气→breathless
adj.气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的
佳句背诵　
Additionally,oceans are“the lungs of our planet”, providing most of the oxygen we breathe. (2022·全国甲卷)
此外,海洋是“地球之肺”,提供了我们呼吸的大部分氧气。
breathe in/out　 吸气/呼气
breathe a sigh of relief　 松了一口气
hold one’s breath　 屏息;屏气
take/draw a deep breath　 深呼吸
out of breath喘不过气;上气不接下气
以练促学　单句写作/语段训练
①Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking. (2024·浙江1月卷)
不久,伊娃开始呼吸困难,心跳加速,双腿颤抖。
②I took/drew a deep breath,dived into the water and saved the drowning girl. After conducting first aid, I held my breath,waiting for her to become conscious. After observing her breathe normally, I breathed a sigh of relief. (动作链)　我深吸一口气,跳入水中,救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后,我屏住呼吸,等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后,我松了一口气。
11.anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地(uneasily);担忧地→anxious adj.焦急的;忧虑的,担心的→
anxiety n.忧虑,焦虑,担心;渴望
佳句背诵　
He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety as if he had been sitting on pins and needles.(心理描写)
他焦虑地等待着结果,如坐针毡。
be anxious　 为……担忧
be anxious to do/that...　 渴望(做)……
with anxiety=anxiously 焦急地
I’m anxious to improve my English speaking skills so that I can communicate more confidently with people from different cultures.(学校生活)
我渴望提高我的英语口语技能,以便我能更自信地与来自不同文化背景的人交流。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作/语段训练
①He was so anxious about his son’s safety that he couldn’t sleep at night.
②Surprisingly, he comforted me that everything was OK since he had known how anxious I was.(情绪描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
令人惊讶的是,他安慰我说没关系,因为他知道我有多焦虑。
③David was anxious to participate in/take part in the cross country run. But he was scared of being laughed at by others. He was so anxious that tears of anxiety rolled down his cheeks. (情绪描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫渴望参加越野赛,但是他害怕别人嘲笑他。他是如此不安以至于焦急的泪水顺着脸庞流了下来。
12.run out用完;耗尽(主语为物,无被动语态)
佳句背诵　
Jane’s energy was running out when her husband emerged, making her smile through tears.
简的力气快用完了,这时她的丈夫出现了,这让她含着泪笑了。(情绪描写)
run out of 　 用完;耗尽(主语为人)
run across　 偶然遇见
run after　 追捕;跟踪;追求
run into　 撞上;偶然遇见;遇到(困难等)
run for　 竞选;匆匆去取
以练促学　用run短语填空
①If they run out of certain daily necessities,Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.(北京卷)
②With a fierce dog running after it,the fox escaped into the jungle as fast as it could.
③Learning that you are running for the position of chairman of the Student Council, I am writing to inform you of some do’s and don’ts.(建议信)
④The explorer ran across/into much unexpected trouble despite the preparations he had made.
13.break down停止运转,出故障;(身体等)垮掉;使分解;(谈判)失败;破坏,消除(尤指某种感情或态度)
佳句背诵　
Communication can help break down the barriers between young men and their parents.
交流将有助于消除年轻人和他们的父母之间的隔阂。
break up结束;(使)破碎;分裂;(使)散开
break in　 破门而入;打断(谈话等)
break into　 强行闯入;突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发;发生(无被动语态)
break away from　 脱离;挣脱
以练促学　用break短语填空
①Due to a terrible quarrel,we broke up and he even broke away from our organization.I don’t know how to break down our conflict,so could you please be kind enough to offer me some proposals (求助信)
②We were discussing anxiously when he broke in,“Perhaps someone had broken into the room and set a fire to it,so the fire broke out.”
片段巩固 用measure;protection;breathe;anxiously;run out;break down完成动作、心理描写的片段
写作提示:穿着量身定做的泳衣参加为环保筹款的游泳比赛→比赛开始,比以前游得更努力→第一次转弯后,开始呼吸沉重→游到一半时,力气快要用完,身体快要崩溃→坚持到底,焦急等待结果
　　I wore the swimsuit made to my measure to take part in the swimming competition, which was held to raise money for environmental protection. The match began. I swam harder than ever before. After the first turn, I began to breathe heavily. Halfway through the race, my strength was running out and I was about to break down. I struggled to keep on swimming until the end. I looked at the screen, waiting anxiously for the result.
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class. vt.训斥
②The route measured five kilometers,from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.(新高考Ⅰ卷) vt.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为
③Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.(全国Ⅱ卷) vi.竞争
④He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury. n.赔偿金
⑤Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock. n.休克
2.选出trap的汉语意思
A.vt.使困住　B.n.捕捉器　C.n.陷阱
①Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. B
②You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) C
③If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys.(2024·浙江1月卷) A
3.选出break down的汉语意思
(
A.
(
机器
)
出故障　
B.
(
物质
)
分解
C.
(
计划
)
失败　
D.
(
身体
)
垮掉
E.
情不自禁地哭起来
)
①He broke down and wept when he heard the news. E
②If you work hard like that,you will break down one day. D
③Really,the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way,which made my dad in trouble.(浙江6月卷) A
④Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40% of plastics. B
⑤All our plans broke down because of his opposition. C
4.根据上下文写出wave的词性和词义
Looking at the fierce ①wave in the sea, the old woman ②waved her hand to her son aboard the ship. When the ship was out of sight, a ③wave of sadness washed over her.
①n.海浪;波涛　②vt.挥手示意
③n.(感情的)风潮
1.句型公式:the+比较级……,the+比较级……
课本原句:The first,the larger the bodies were,the more rapidly they fell.
第一,物体越大,下落越快。
佳句背诵　
The more time I spent participating in this picking activity, the more I was aware of the significance of work.(活动介绍)
我参加采摘活动的时间越长,我就越意识到工作的重要性。
[点津]　“the+比较级(……),the+比较级(……)”结构中,第一个“the+比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句,在表示将来意义的情况下,用一般现在时表示将来。
(1)“the+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”意为“越……,就越……”。
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”,表示本身程度的变化。
(3)“the more...,the less...”意为“越……,越不……”。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The more roads and parking lots we pave,the less(little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
②The more she thought about it,the more frightened she felt,her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly.(心理描写)
她越想这件事,就越感到害怕,她的手心在冒汗,心跳得厉害。
③He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country more and more prosperous.(人物介绍;2023·全国甲卷)
他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革,使他的国家越来越繁荣。
2.句型公式:have difficulty (in) doing sth
课本原句:The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking.
下一个离去的是奥茨船长,他连走路都很困难。
佳句背诵　
It is also true that, after graduating from the university, Einstein had difficulty (in) finding a post.(人物介绍)　此外,大学毕业后,爱因斯坦连找工作都很难,这也是事实。
·have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
做某事有困难/麻烦;做某事费劲
·have difficulty/trouble with sth
在某方面有困难/麻烦
·do sth with/without difficulty/trouble
做某事(没)有困难/麻烦
以练促学　单句写作
①Whether you have difficulty with grammar or have trouble memorizing new words,you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud.(建议信)
不论你是在语法方面有困难,还是记新单词费劲,你都可以通过大声朗读句子来解决问题。
②It seems that he always solves problems without difficulty,but actually he makes full preparations for his tasks.(人物介绍)
他似乎总是毫不费力地解决问题,但实际上他对他的任务做了充分的准备。
维度一　核心知识运用
1.Basically(basic), the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary Edmonton urban area from hail. (2024·浙江1月卷)
2.With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations (observe) of different species with the aid of a mobile application. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering (suffer) so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
4.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist (delist) grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (2023·全国甲卷)
5.Well,there is a small park across the street.It’s usually not crowded (crowd) at this time of day. (2022·全国乙卷)
6.I was shocked(shock) at the news that I got my privacy(private) leaked as a result of using smartphone.
7.The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape being harmed(harm) by the powerful waves(wave).
8.Obviously(obvious),his survival(survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree.
9.In my opinion,the young man is equal to the job on account of his creativity(create).
10.To our disappointment, our car broke down on the way and we had to walk to our destination.
维度二　单句写作
1.The reason why I can’t go with you to the bookstore is that I have an important meeting to attend tomorrow afternoon. (The reason why... is/was that...)
我不能和你一起去书店的原因是明天下午我有一个重要的会议要参加。
2.The more you know about it,the more you will like it, so I think we can go there together. (the +比较级...;the+比较级...)
你越了解它,你就越喜欢它,所以我想我们可以一起去。
3.Feeling so nervous,I even felt I had difficulty in breathing.[have difficulty (in) doing sth]
我感到很紧张,甚至觉得自己呼吸困难。
4.That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. (定语从句)
那一天,我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
5.One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others. (定语从句)
有一天,我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿,抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。
维度三　单元知识拾遗
1.About 2 hours later,we all reached the top.Though out of breath,we were rewarded with beautiful scenery. (活动介绍)
大约两小时后,我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气,但我们看到了美丽的风景。
2.The tailor insisted that he should make clothes to my own measure.
裁缝坚持要按我的尺寸做衣服。
3.Then she became so excited that she accidentally knocked over the box in an attempt to get closer.
后来她太兴奋了,以至于在试图靠近时不小心撞倒了盒子。
4.We were curious to learn about the plants around us and as a result,to meet/satisfy our curiosity,we explored the senior high campus curiously/with curiosity. (2023·浙江1月卷)
我们很想了解周围的植物,因此,为了满足我们的好奇心,我们好奇地探索高中校园。
5.It has been proved that in the daytime,plants breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen.
已经证明,在白天,植物吸入二氧化碳,呼出氧气。
6.The hall was crowded with his devoted fans.
大厅中挤满了他的忠实粉丝。
7.He died in 1940 but his wife survived him by another 20 years.
他在1940年去世,但是他妻子比他多活了20年。
8.Hearing the sad story,all of the audience were on the edge of tears.
听到这个悲惨的故事,所有的观众都快哭了出来。
9.She drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded in.
她拉开窗帘,阳光洒了进来。
10.We are busy making preparations for the coming College Entrance Examination.
我们正在忙于为即将来到的高考做准备。
Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(报道——师生一起去探索森林公园)
假定你校上周组织学生到森林公园远足,请按以下写作要点写一篇报道发到你校英文报上,内容包括:
1.远足时间; 2.活动内容; 3.感受。
根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作
第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达
①上个星期天,我们学生和老师一起去探索森林公园。 (explore)
Last Sunday, we students and our teachers went together to explore the Forest Park.
②我们起得很早,7点就出发了。我们毫不费力地在一小时内就到达了目的地。 (have difficulty in doing sth)
We arose early and started out at 7 am. We had no difficulty in getting to our destination within an hour.
③在探险之前,我们做了充分的准备。 (exploration,preparation)
Before the exploration, we had made full preparations.
④在去森林公园的路上,我们都很高兴,对周围的一切都很好奇。 (cheerful,be curious about)
On the way to the Forest Park, we were all cheerful and curious about everything around us.
⑤在森林公园里,让我们叹为观止的是远处迷雾缭绕的山脉。 (breath,distance)
In the Forest Park, what took our breath away was the misty mountains in the distance.
⑥通过这次探索,我们不仅接近了自然,也缓解了我们的压力。 (have复合结构)
Through the exploration, not only did we get close to nature but we also had our stress relieved.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)
　　Last Sunday, we students and our teachers went together to explore the Forest Park.
We arose early and started out at 7 am. We had no difficulty in getting to our destination within an hour. Before the exploration,we had made full preparations.On the way to the Forest Park, we were all cheerful and curious about everything around us. In the Forest Park, what took our breath away was the misty mountains in the distance.
Through the exploration, not only did we get close to nature but we also had our stress relieved.
Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单词 hopeless adj. 无望的,绝望的 horror n. 震惊,恐惧 despair n. 绝望 frightened adj. 害怕的 hopelessness n. 绝望,无望 appreciation n. 感激,感谢;欣赏,鉴赏
词块 rain cats and dogs　 下倾盆大雨 in vain 徒劳,无效 come to one’s rescue 营救某人
美句 1.Stuck in the heavy rain,I struggled to make my way but in vain,tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face.　我被困在大雨中,挣扎着前进,但没有成功,恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。 2.Only then did I get rid of my terror. 直到那时,我才摆脱了恐惧。 3. When I saw everything familiar, words failed to convey my appreciation, tears welling up in my eyes. 当看到熟悉的一切时,言语无法表达我的感激之情,我热泪盈眶。
2.场景片段训练(遇险时的心理活动:恐惧→绝望→脱险→感激)
①Never have I experienced such a hopeless moment in my life(倒装句). I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Stuck in the heavy rain,I struggled to make my way but in vain,②tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face(独立主格结构).What’s worse,my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more frightened and sensed ③death was waiting for me(拟人).④Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness(分词短语作状语),I yelled at the top of my lung but no response.I was about to give up ⑤when my husband Joe came to my rescue(when作并列连词).He approached me and opened the door,helping me get out of the car.After confirming the safety,we inched forward in the muddy water and eventually ⑥made it home safe and sound(形容词作状语).⑦Only then did I get rid of my terror(倒装句).When I saw everything familiar, ⑧words failed to convey my appreciation, tears welling up in my eyes(无灵主语和独立主格结构).
　　我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家,突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在大雨中,挣扎着前进,但没有成功,恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。更糟糕的是,我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕,感觉到死亡在等着我。我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界,陷入了绝望,我扯着嗓子大喊,但没有回应。我正打算放弃,这时我的丈夫乔前来营救我。他走近我,打开车门,帮我下了车。确认安全后,我们在泥泞的水中慢慢前进,最终平安到家。直到那时,我才摆脱了恐惧。当看到熟悉的一切时,言语无法表达我的感激之情,我热泪盈眶。
　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know:Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled.To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
真题再做
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
33.What does Daru’s study focus on
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
34.What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案　32.B　33.C　34.C　35.D
思维建模
隐含推断题——立足原文推隐含
第一步 题干定位关键词。快速浏览题干,定位题干关键词。
第二步 查找原文找对应。找到与题干关键词相关的原文信息,细读相关信息,进行合理适度的推断。
第三步 立足原文做推断。认真比对,选择与合理、适度推断相一致的表述。
以例示法
如34题,根据第四段的“We were particularly interested...instead of the grass right next to it”和第五段内容可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定主观性。由此可知,采样方式的不当会导致数据偏差,故C项正确。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
1.document / d kjum nt/v.记录,记载(详情) 2.extinct / k st kt/ adj.不再存在的,已灭绝的,绝种的 3.biodiversity / ba da v s ti/ n.生物多样性 4.shift / ft/ n.& v.改变,转变 5.primary / pra m ri/ adj.最初的;主要的,基本的 6.represent / repr zent/ v.展示,表现;代表 7.likelihood / la klih d/ n.可能,可能性 8.reveal /r vi l/ v.揭示,显示,透露 9.encounter / n ka nt (r)/ n.相遇,邂逅,遭遇,冲突 10.eye catching / a k t / adj.惹人注意的,引人注目的 1.go extinct灭绝 2.in the form of photos以照片的形式 3.make observations of different species 观察不同的物种 4.with the aid of a mobile application借助移动应用程序 5.global biodiversity patterns全球生物多样性模式 6.take a picture of a flowering plant拍一张开花植物的照片
析 长 难 语 句 1.These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know:Are they usable [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:These observations now outnumber the primary data...and...I wanted to know:Are they usable ;连词and连接两个并列句;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词primary data;since引导原因状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　现在,这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据,而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:它们(这些数据)有用吗 2.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:This makes sense...;because引导原因状语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词the people;recording their encounters...是动词 ing形式作后置定语。 [尝试翻译]　这是有道理的,因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是民间科学家,他们记录的是他们在附近地区与物种的接触。
课时作业　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·巴蜀中学高三模拟)
Each fall,millions of butterflies across the US and Canada fly up to 3,000 miles to southwestern Mexico.Travelers can see the butterflies overwintering on the Western Monarch Trail,a 465 mile,road trip friendly conservation initiative that links over a dozen stops along the route.
Helping the butterflies
Organizers created educational panels in English and Spanish explaining the butterflies’ annual traveling and their trouble.The signs also outline ways travelers can help the butterflies recover,such as by supporting chemical free farms and planting native nectar (花蜜) gardens.
Why butterflies fly to the California coast
Many stops on the trail,including Pismo State Beach Monarch Butterfly Grove and Andrew Molera State Park,are overwintering sites where,from October to February,travelers can see thousands of butterflies gathering in forests in areas with mild temperatures,dappled (斑驳的) sunlight,high dampness,and little to no wind.
Other sites,like the San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden and Avila Valley Barn,grow flowers that provide sugary,high calorie food for the butterflies to eat.Butterflies settling here demonstrate how vital nectar plants are to their survival.
How to explore the Western Monarch Trail
The butterflies’ behavior varies at different times of day and depends on the weather.In the mornings,while temperatures are still cool,step out of the cabin (木屋) in the Fernwood Resort where you stay overnight,and you’ll find many butterflies hanging together on the branches and trunks of trees at the overwintering sites.As the day starts to heat up—typically by late morning or early afternoon—you’ll be amazed at the phenomenon “sunburst”—the butterflies start flying around in search of nearby nectar.Keep your eyes skyward.Don’t grab your camera.Just be in the moment.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了美国西部帝王蝶的迁徙之路。
1.What’s the Western Monarch Trail initiative aimed at
A.Providing a travel route.
B.Encountering butterflies.
C.Promoting organic farming.
D.Advocating species conservation.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“Western Monarch Trail”的同位语“a 465 mile,road trip friendly conservation initiative”可知,Western Monarch Trail是一个465英里、适合公路旅行的保护倡议。由此可知,Western Monarch Trail的目的就是倡导物种保护,故选D项。]
2.What do we know about Andrew Molera State Park
A.It holds many nectar gardens.
B.It’s pleasant throughout winter.
C.It has sufficient food for butterflies.
D.It’s home to butterflies all year around.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“from October to February...high dampness,and little to no wind”可知,Andrew Molera State Park的冬天很舒适,故选B项。]
3.What is guaranteed for the travelers along the Western Monarch Trail
A.Signs to guide the route.
B.Cameras for recording videos.
C.Ready shelters to stay overnight.
D.Experiences of watching “sunburst” at dawn.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“step out of the cabin(木屋)in the Fernwood Resort where you stay overnight”可知,Western Monarch Trail提供过夜的住处,故选C项。]
(2025·太原高三模拟)
Common water plants could provide a green energy source.Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed,one of nature’s fastest growing water plants.Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future.
For a new study,researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans.John Shanklin,a biochemist,says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil output in the next few years.
Unlike fossil fuels,which form underground,biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used.Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils,animal fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do,but there has been a recent negative view against them.This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food; biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land.
Duckweed,common on every continent but Antarctica,is among the world’s most productive plants,and the researchers suggest it could be a game changing renewable energy source for three key reasons.First,it grows readily in water,so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land.Second,duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water.Third,Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier.For the new study,Shanklin says,the researchers added an oil producing gene,“turning it on like a light switch”by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing.Shanklin says,“If it replicates (自我复制) in other species—and there’s no reason to think that it would not—this can solve one of our biggest issues,which is how we can make more oil in more plants without negatively affecting growth.”
To expand production to industrial levels,scientists will need to design and produce large scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil—a challenge,Shanklin says,because duckweed is a nonmainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施).
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了浮萍能够提供绿色能量来源,可能成为颠覆性的可再生能源来源的原因以及现阶段存在的问题等。
4.What can people get from duckweed first hand
A.Plant oil. B.Stable biodiesel.
C.Sustainable water. D.Natural heat.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed”可知,科学家们已经找到了从浮萍中获得大量油的方法。由此可知,人们能够直接从浮萍中获得植物油,故选A项。]
5.What does paragraph 4 mainly convey
A.Options for renewable energy.
B.Reasons for engineering genes.
C.The potential of the revolutionary energy source.
D.The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution.
答案　C　[段落大意题。根据第四段的中心句“it could be a game changing renewable energy source for three key reasons”可知,本段主要讲述了浮萍可能是一个颠覆性的可再生能源来源的三个原因,故选C项。]
6.What is the decisive factor to mass produce the plant
A.Industrial levels. B.Unique design.
C.Academic research. D.Basic facilities.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,为了将生产扩大到工业水平,科学家们将需要设计和生产大规模的转基因植物种植基地,并获得石油,这是一个挑战,因为浮萍是一种非主流作物,没有多少现有的基础设施。据此可以推断,大批量生产这种植物的决定性因素是基础设施,故选D项。]
7.What would be the best title for the text
A.Duckweed Power
B.Duckweed Production
C.Genetic Engineering
D.Genetic Testing
答案　A　[标题归纳题。本文第一段讲到了浮萍可以转化为生物柴油;第二段讲到了新研究表明浮萍的产油量比黄豆要大得多;第三段讲到了生物燃料比化石燃料更新得快;第四段讲到了浮萍作为革命性能源来源的潜力;最后一段讲到了大规模利用浮萍产油的障碍。综上可知,本文主要讲到了浮萍可以作为能源,故选A项。]
(2025·郑州高三质量预测)
Waterways are important for every country around the world.They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However,due to industrial activity,many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first hand.The 15 year old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However,the river has become littered with plastic bags,bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So,with the help of her father,she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May,Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia,the US,and received a Judge’s Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website,her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡)Barrier in Amsterdam,which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there,a conveyor run by a solar powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool,Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,”she explained to Science News for Students,“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish,Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next,she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国15岁的高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下,设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。
8.What motivated Perry to design a rubbish collecting system
A.Her father’s encouragement.
B.Her desire to protect a nearby river.
C.A visit to a science and engineering fair.
D.An invention of a Dutch high school student.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Perry和她的爸爸喜欢在他们房子后面的河上乘船旅行,然而河里到处都是塑料袋、瓶子和杯子。为了清理河道里的垃圾,保护附近的河流,Perry设计了一款垃圾收集系统,故选B项。]
9.What can we know about the rubbish collecting system
A.It was designed by Perry alone.
B.It makes power to run the air compressor.
C.It collects solar energy to remove rubbish.
D.It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally(对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.”可知,她计划制作一个气泡屏障,使河流对角线延伸,气泡屏障会阻止漂浮的垃圾,然后把它推向岸边,故选D项。]
10.What is the 5th paragraph mainly about
A.Advantages of the system.
B.The way of testing the system.
C.The improvement on the system.
D.Challenges in the design process.
答案　B　[段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts...form a full curtain.”(她尝试了不同量的压力,以确保有足够的气泡来形成一个完整的屏障)和“I have to know...supposed to push out.”(我得知道空气压缩机应该施加多大的压力)可知,本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法,故选B项。]
11.What kind of person is Perry
A.Efficient and ambitious.
B.Helpful and hard working.
C.Responsible and creative.
D.Professional and adventurous.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出,Perry是一个有社会责任感的孩子;根据第五段中的“She experimented with...enough bubbles”可以看出,Perry对自己的系统很负责任;根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment friendly”可知,Perry是一个有创新精神的人,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·太原高三模拟)
How to choose a hiking trail
If you’re a keen hiker,chances are that you have your favourite trails mostly because they’re easy to reach and fit into your schedule.If you desire to set foot in hiking in depth,this guide may walk you through the steps of how to choose a hiking trail to your next great adventure.
　1　,defining how many miles the hike covers before departure.Next,ask yourself if you can reasonably walk that far.You can just walk as far down a trail as you want,and then turn back when you’re ready.　2　,such as a waterfall or standing stones,you’ll ideally make sure you can reach it.
Know what’s going to be underfoot. 　3　. On a hike you might encounter all different types of land,and the climbing is going to be dangerous or stable.So do research and understand what type of terrain (地形) you’re likely to encounter.There’s a big difference between walking through a forest and stair stepping up a steep rock.When you’re using route finding apps,trails are usually rated as easy,moderate or difficult.Make sure you understand exactly what the hike involves from a skill to equipment.　4　.
For hikers,a thundering waterfall falling over a cliff can be a breathtaking climax to a forest hike.　5　,the things you’ll see along the way are a great reason to choose one hiking trail over another—so long as the rest of it falls within your ability level of course.
A.Master your hiking equipment
B.Even if they are worth visiting
C.Check the total distance involved
D.But if there’s a waymark you’re hoping to see
E.It helps you decide between hiking shoes or boots
F.Although not all hikes lead to a fantastic viewpoint
G.Don’t rush into the journey without the investigations above
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了选择远足路径时需要考虑的几个关键因素,包括路径的总距离、个人体能、地形条件、所需装备等,帮助远足爱好者做出更好的选择。
1.C　[空后一句提到在出发前确定远足要走多少英里,以及自己能否走完这段距离。C项“Check the total distance involved”与距离相关。另外,C项中的“distance”与后文的“how many miles”相呼应,故选C项。]
2.D　[解题关键在such as。such as进行举例说明,由此可知空后的“a waterfall or standing stones”只是对空处内容的具体说明。D项“But if there’s a waymark you’re hoping to see”与空后内容联系紧密,故选D项。]
3.E　[根据空前的“Know what’s going to be underfoot.”可知,需要知道脚下会是什么。再根据后文内容可知,要确保自己完全理解从技能到装备这次远足都包括什么。因此,E选项“It helps you decide between hiking shoes or boots”提到装备,与空前内容构成逻辑关系。E项中的“It”指代空前一句,故选E项。]
4.G　[根据该段的“So do research and understand what type of terrain (地形) you’re likely to encounter.”和“Make sure you understand exactly what the hike involves from a skill to equipment.”可知,该段主要介绍在远足前要做好调查研究,了解远足所涉及的内容。G项中的“the investigations above”呼应上文内容,故选G项。]
5.F　[根据空处后面逗号可知,空处应该是一个从句,选项中剩下B项和F项。空前提到从悬崖落下的瀑布对森林远足者来说是个激动人心的高潮,空后提到沿途看到的事物是选择一条路线而不是另一条的好理由。F项“Although not all hikes lead to a fantastic viewpoint”承上启下,故选F项。]
单 词 聚 焦 1.panel / p nl/ n.专家咨询组;讨论小组;(门、墙等上面的)嵌板;控制板,仪表盘 2.dampness / d mpn s/ n.潮湿　　　3.sustainable /s ste n bl/ adj.可持续的 4.genetically /d net kli/ adv.基因地,遗传地 5.output / a tp t/ n.产量;产生,生产过程 6.game changing /ɡe m t e nd / adj.颠覆性的 7.readily / red li/ adv.快捷地;轻而易举地;便利地 8.expand / k sp nd/ v.扩大,增加;扩展,发展 9.first hand / f st h nd/ adv.第一手得来地,直接地 10.remove /r mu v/ v.移开,拿开,去掉 11.solution /s lu n/ n.(问题、困难等的)解决办法;解答,答案 12.direct /d rekt/ v.指引,指向,引导;把……对准 13.stretch /stret / v.拉长,拽宽,撑大,抻松;拉紧,拉直 14.adventurous / d vent r s/ adj.勇于冒险的,敢于创新的;爱冒险的 15.schedule / edju l/ n.工作计划;日程安排 16.define /d fa n/ v.解释(词语的含义),给……下定义 17.reasonably / ri zn bli/ adv.合情合理地;明智地;通情达理地 18.involve / n v lv/ v.包含,需要,使成为必然部分(或结果);牵涉,牵连,影响 19.breathtaking / bre te k / adj.激动人心的;令人赞叹的 20.investigation / n vest ɡe n/ n.调查,审查
词 块 积 累 1.step out of走出　　　　　　　　　　2.in search of寻找;搜寻 3.figure out想出;弄明白 4.transfer...into...将……转变为…… 5.take up占去;拿起;开始从事 6.due to industrial activity由于工业活动 7.with the help of her father在她父亲的帮助下 8.put forward提出(计划、建议、意见等) 9.be inspired by受到……启发 10.fit into与……符合
长 难 句 式 1.Unlike fossil fuels,which form underground,biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used. [分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:...biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词fossil fuels;than引导比较状语从句。 [译文]　与形成于地下的化石燃料不同,生物燃料的更新速度比使用速度要快。 2.According to the Science News for Students website,her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam,which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system. [分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:...her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam...。According to...为介词短语作状语;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词bubbles。 [译文]　据“学生科学新闻”网站报道,她的系统受到阿姆斯特丹荷兰大气泡屏障的启发,该屏障产生气泡流,将废物捕获并引导到集水系统。

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