资源简介

Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.item n. 一项,一条
2.rhino n. 犀牛
3.horn n. (牛、羊等头上的)角
4.asteroid n. 小行星
5.hatch vi.& vt. (使)孵化
6.packet n. 小包,小盒
7.packaging n. 包装盒(瓶、袋),包装材料
8.coconut n. 椰子
9.shell n. 壳;贝壳
10.innovative adj. 新颖的,创新的,革新的
11.refillable adj. 可再填充的
12.bin n. 垃圾箱
13.carton n. 硬纸盒;塑料盒
14.cutlery n. 餐具
15.chopsticks n. 筷子
16.council n. 委员会;理事会
17.roadworks n. 道路施工
18.organic adj. 不使用化肥的,有机的,绿色的
19.institute n. 机构;研究院
20.poultry n. 家禽肉,家禽
21.committee n. 委员会
22.temple n. 庙宇,寺院
23.Confucius 孔子
24.memorial n. 纪念馆;纪念碑
adj. (对逝者)纪念的,追悼的
25.carve vt. 雕,刻
26.typhoon n. 台风
27.Atlantic adj. 大西洋的
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.plastic bags 塑料袋
2.incredibly hard work 非常艰辛的工作
3.endangered species 濒危物种
4.wipe the table 擦桌子
5.a mass of evidence 大量的证据
6.a slight decrease 略有下降
7.blame me for being late 责备我迟到了
8.solar energy 太阳能
9.restore their habitats 恢复它们的栖息地
10.wrap the present 把礼物包起来
11.swallow a mouthful of bread
咽下一口面包
12.over the last decade 在过去的十年里
13.various types of gases 各种类型的气体
14.a new drug for cancer 一种治疗癌症的新药
15.quite a good essay 一篇好文章
16.seven billion years 七十亿年
17.many instances of injustice 很多不公正的实例
18.a beautiful valley 一个风景优美的山谷
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.switch vi.& vt.转换,改变 n.开关;转换器
①press the switch按下开关
②switch jobs换工作
2.jam n.拥挤,堵塞;果酱 v.塞满,挤满;卡住;塞入
①a terrible traffic jam严重的交通堵塞
②pass me the jam把果酱递给我
3.regular adj.定期的,有规律的 n.常客
①regular exercise定期锻炼
②a regular to her house她家的常客
4.claim vt.声称;断言;主张 n.声称;(根据权力而提出的)要求
①make false claims 作虚假声明
②He claimed to be a journalist.
他声称是记者。
5.sum vt.概括,总结 n.金额,款项;总数;算术
①a large sum of money一大笔钱
②sum up what you said总结一下你说的话
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.conservation n. 保护
conserve vt. 保护;节约
conservative adj. 保守的;守旧的
2.destroy vt. 破坏;毁掉
destruction n. 破坏;摧毁;毁灭
3.mining n. 采矿业
mine n. 矿;矿井
miner n. 矿工
4.recycle vi.& vt. 再利用,回收利用
recyclable adj. 可回收利用的;可再循环的
unrecyclable adj. 不可回收的
5.informative adj. 有教育意义的;知识性强的
inform vt. 通知
information n. 信息
6.threat n. 威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
threaten vt. 威胁;恐吓
7.illegally adv. 非法地,违法地
legal adj. 合法的
legally adv. 合法地
illegal adj. 非法的;违法的
8.hunt vi.& vt. 猎取,猎杀
hunting n. 打猎
hunter n. 猎人
9.extinct adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
extinction n. 灭绝
10.urgent adj. 紧急的,急迫的
urgently adv. 迫切地;急切地
urgency n. 紧急情况
11.unusual adj. 异常的;不平常的
unusually adv. 不寻常地
usual adj. 通常的;寻常的
usually adv. 通常地
12.varied adj. 各种各样的,形形色色的
vary vi. 变化
various adj. 各种各样的
variety n. 不同种类
13.affect vt. 影响
effect n. 影响
effective adj. 有效的;起作用的
effectively adv. 有效地
ineffective adj. 无效果的;不起作用的
14.endangered adj. 濒危的
endanger vt. 使遭危险;危及;危害
danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 有危险的
15.consumer n. 消费者
consume vt. 消耗;消费;吃;喝
consumption n. 消费;消耗量
16.wasteful adj. 浪费的;挥霍的
waste vt.& n. 浪费
17.transportation n. 交通运输系统,运输方式
transport vt. 运输
18.dirt n. 灰尘,尘土
dirty adj. 肮脏的
19.realistic adj. 现实的,实际的
real adj. 真的;真实的
really adv. 真正地;确实地
reality n. 真实;现实
realize vt. 实现;意识到
20.aware adj. 意识到的,明白的
awareness n. 意识;认识
unaware adj. 不知道的;未察觉的
21.collection n. 收集;收藏品;专辑
collect vt. 收集;收藏
22.anxious adj. 焦虑的,不安的
anxiety n. 焦虑
anxiously adv. 焦虑地,不安地
23.reusable adj. 可再使用的,可重复使用的
reuse vt. 再次使用,重复使用
24.stuck adj. 卡住的,无法移动的
stick vt. 将……刺入(或插入);刺
25.annoyed adj. 烦恼的,生气的
annoy vt. 使恼怒;使生气
annoying adj. 使烦恼的;使恼怒的
annoyance n. 生气;烦恼;令人烦恼的事
26.anger n. 愤怒;怒气
angry adj. 生气的;愤怒的
angrily adv. 生气地;愤怒地
27.relate vi. 相联系,有关联
related adj. 有联系的
relation n. 联系;关联
28.regular adj. 定期的,有规律的
regularly adv. 有规律地
irregular adj. 无规律的
29.suit vt. 适合
n. 套装
suitable adj. 合适的
30.involve vt. 包含,需要
involvement n. 加入;参与
involved adj. 参与的;有关联的
31.opponent n. 反对者;对手,敌手
oppose vt. 反对
opposed adj. 反对的
32.cruel adj. 残忍的
cruelty n. 残忍
cruelly adv. 残忍地
33.chemical n. 化学品
adj.化学的
chemistry n. 化学
chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
34.scenic adj. 景色优美的
scene n. 地点,现场;场面
scenery n. 风景
35.historic adj. 古老的;历史上重要的
history n. 历史
historian n. 历史学家
36.agricultural adj. 农业的
agriculture n. 农业
Ⅴ.短语词块
1.have a role 起某种作用
2.do one’s part 尽自己的职责
3.die out 消失;绝迹,灭绝
4.wipe out 彻底毁灭
5.be to blame (对某事)负有责任
6.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁
7.set out 开始做某事,着手进行
8.be related to 与……有关联
9.sum up 概括,总结
10.traffic jam 交通堵塞
11.stressed out 焦虑的
12.for instance 例如
13.mass extinction 大灭绝
14.global warming 全球变暖
15.human activity 人类活动
16.natural causes 自然原因
17.endangered species 濒危物种
18.lay eggs 下蛋,产卵
19.public transport 公共交通
20.speed limit 限速
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally,the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. (It is not+ adj.+for sb/sth to do...)
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
2.It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth,including animals and plants. (It is/was+adj.+that从句)
显然,人类的活动已经对包括动物和植物在内的地球上所有其他的物种产生了负面的影响。
3.Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive. (without引导含蓄虚拟条件句)
假如没有森林,我们就没有可以呼吸的空气;没有干净的水,我们就无法生存。
4.This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.(It takes sb some time to do...)
今天早上,我花了40分钟去市中心。
5.How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry (形容词短语作状语)
又有多少次,当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢
6.Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. (while作并列连词)
一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人,而同样数量的人至少需要18辆轿车。
构词法日积月累
形容词后缀 ive:①表示有……倾向的　②表示有……性质的
直接加 ive massive大而重的,大量的　collective集体的,共同的　effective有效的 active积极主动的,活跃的　attractive吸引人的,有吸引力的 productive多产的;富有成效的　impressive给人印象深刻的,令人钦佩的
去掉结尾字 母e加 ive appreciative感激的　defensive防御的,戒备的 conservative保守的　alternative可替代的,备选的
特殊强记 sense感觉到,觉察到→sensitive善解人意的;敏感的;imagine想象,设想→imaginative富于想象力的;inform通知,告知→informative提供有用信息的,给予知识的;represent代表→ representative有代表性的
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.rescue precious items 抢救贵重物品
2.rhino horns 犀牛角
3.silver cutlery 银制餐具
4.find a warm place to hatch her eggs
找个温暖的地方孵蛋
5.plastic packets 塑料包
6.the tough shell of a coconut 椰子的坚硬外壳
7.a more innovative solution
一种更创新的解决方案
8.refillable containers 可再填充的容器
9.a rubbish bin 垃圾箱
10.disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子
11.the local council 地方委员会
12.organic farming 有机农业
13.Confucius Institute 孔子学院
14.poultry and eggs 家禽和蛋
15.the Olympic committee 奥林匹克委员会
16.the magnificent buildings of the temple
寺庙的宏伟建筑
17.build a memorial 建一座纪念碑
18.houses with carved doors 配有雕刻花门的房子
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.plastic adj. 塑料制的
2.switch vi.& vt. 转换,改变
3.incredibly adv. 非常地,极端地
4.species n. 物种,种
5.mass adj. 大量的
6.decrease vi.& vt. 减少
n. 减少;减少的量
7.blame vt. 责怪,指责
8.solar adj. 太阳光(能)的
9.restore vt. (使)恢复
10.wrap vt. 包,裹
11.swallow vi.& vt. 吞下,咽下
12.jam n. 拥挤,堵塞;果酱
13.decade n. 十年,十年期
14.gas n. 气,气体
15.cancer n. 癌症
16.essay n. 论说文;散文
17.billion n. 十亿
18.instance n. 例子,实例
19.claim vt. 声称;断言;主张
n. 声称;(根据权利而提出的)要求
20.drug n. 药物,药材;毒品
21.sum vt. 概括,总结
n. 金额,款项;总数
22.valley n. 谷,山谷
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.destroy vt. 破坏;毁掉
destruction n. 破坏;摧毁;毁灭
2.recycle vi.& vt. 再利用,回收利用
recyclable adj. 可回收利用的;可再循环的
unrecyclable adj. 不可回收的
3.inform vt. 通知
informative adj. 有教育意义的;知识性强的
information n. 信息
4.threat n. 威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
threaten vt. 威胁;恐吓
5.legal adj. 合法的
legally adv. 合法地
illegal adj. 非法的;违法的
illegally adv. 非法地,违法地
6.hunt vi.& vt. 猎取,猎杀
hunting n. 打猎
hunter n. 猎人
7.extinct adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
extinction n. 灭绝
8.urgent adj. 紧急的,急迫的
urgently adv. 迫切地;急切地
urgency n. 紧急情况
9.usual adj. 通常的;寻常的
usually adv. 通常地
unusual adj. 异常的;不平常的
unusually adv. 不寻常地
10.vary vi. 变化
varied adj. 各种各样的,形形色色的
various adj. 各种各样的
variety n. 不同种类
11.affect vt. 影响
effect n. 影响
effective adj. 有效的;起作用的
effectively adv. 有效地
ineffective adj. 无效果的;不起作用的
12.danger n. 危险
dangerous adj. 有危险的
endanger vt. 使遭危险;危及;危害
endangered adj. 濒危的
13.consume vt. 消耗;消费;吃;喝
consumer n. 消费者
consumption n. 消费;消耗量
14.real adj. 真的;真实的
really adv. 真正地;确实地
reality n. 真实;现实
realize vt. 实现;意识到
realistic adj. 现实的,实际的
15.aware adj. 意识到的,明白的
awareness n. 意识;认识
unaware adj. 不知道的;未察觉的
16.collect vt. 收集;收藏
collection n. 收集;收藏品;专辑
17.anxious adj. 焦虑的,不安的
anxiety n. 焦虑
anxiously adv. 焦虑地,不安地
18.annoy vt. 使恼怒;使生气
annoyed adj. 烦恼的,生气的
annoying adj. 使烦恼的;使恼怒的
annoyance n. 生气;烦恼;令人烦恼的事
19.anger n. 愤怒;怒气
angry adj. 生气的;愤怒的
angrily adv. 生气地;愤怒地
20.relate vi. 相联系,有关联
related adj. 有联系的
relation n. 联系;关联
21.regular adj. 定期的,有规律的
regularly adv. 有规律地
irregular adj. 无规律的
22.suit vt. 适合
n. 套装
suitable adj. 合适的
23.involve vt. 包含,需要
involvement n. 加入;参与
involved adj. 参与的;有关联的
24.cruel adj. 残忍的
cruelty n. 残忍
cruelly adv. 残忍地
25.chemical n. 化学品
adj. 化学的
chemistry n. 化学
chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.die out 消失;绝迹,灭绝
2.wipe out 彻底毁灭
3.be to blame (对某事)负有责任
4.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁
5.be related to 与……有关联
6.sum up 概括,总结
7.traffic jam 交通堵塞
8.stressed out 焦虑的
9.for instance 例如
10.have a role 起某种作用
11.do one’s part 尽自己的职责
12.set out 开始做某事,着手进行
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:It is not+adj.+for sb to do...
In Beijing,it is not unusual for local people to see cultural relics.
在北京,对当地人来说看到文化古迹并不稀罕。
2.句型公式:without引导含蓄虚拟条件句
Without these cultural relics,Beijing couldn’t attract so many visitors.
没有这些文化古迹,北京不可能吸引那么多的游客。
3.句型公式:It takes sb some time to do...
It takes the local government some time to restore these relics every year.
每年当地政府都会花一段时间来修复这些文物。
4.句型公式:形容词短语作状语
When I went back home from work,she was lying in bed,awake.
当我下班回到家时,她正躺在床上,没有睡着。
5.句型公式:It is/was+adj.+that从句
It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. (人物介绍)
很明显,孔子思想将会一直是中国文化不可或缺的一部分。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.This beautiful old building has been restored to its former glory.
2.This collection is made up of three parts: poems, essays and short stories.
3.If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it.
4.Food on the table is so attractive that I couldn’t help swallowing mouth water.
5.Harry had carefully bought and wrapped presents for Mark to give the children.
6.My father often talks about the incident that happened three decades ago.
7.The country owes billions of dollars to foreign creditors,which causes great stress to the new president.
8.The marketplace was jammed with a noisy crowd of buyers and sellers.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.We urgently need your help because a problem needs solving with urgency. (urgent)
2.Legally,we should crack down on both sellers and buyers of fake (假的) certificates because it is illegal to use them. (legal)
3.In reality,we should set a realistic goal and if we are devoted,we can really realize it. (real)
4.The anxious wife was like sitting on pins and needles,and her anxiety was so obvious that we all comforted her. (anxious)
5.What makes me annoyed is that my brother is making annoying noises by playing rock music. (annoy)
6.Some doctors think there is a relation between smoking and lung cancer.What’s worse,smoking is also related to heart disease. (relate)
7.He is cruel to me,and he treats his brother with cruelty.What’s worse,he treats those around him cruelly. (cruel)
8.He didn’t have a balanced diet or take exercise regularly,so this irregular lifestyle led to his poor health. (regular)
Ⅲ.短语填空
do one’s part　be related to　die out
sum up　be to blame　stressed out
1.Many endangered animals are dying out because of too much pollution.
2.Now that you are elected as our chairman,doing your part and performing your duties are what you must do.
3.Some social app companies were to blame because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.
4.There is no denying that his failure in the examination is related to his laziness.
5.I just now summed up the main point of the lesson in three sentences.
6.All the students were overburdened and stressed out,having to cope with too much work and too many demands.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s said that dinosaurs died out because of a natural disaster.But now,many species are endangered or even extinct just because humans do varied harm to them.For instance,tigers are being illegally hunted in an 1.incredibly(incredible) cruel way for their fur while rhinos,for their horns.Besides,we have destroyed their habitats by 2.cutting(cut) down trees,throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging 3.polluted(pollute) water that contains poisonous chemicals into rivers.
It is human activities 4.that are to blame for the mass extinction.However,we should be aware of the fact that without the species on 5.which we depend for our survival,we would be also at risk.Many anxious environmentalists write informative and innovative 6.essays(essay) to educate people to go green.Conservation measures involve switching to solar energy,stopping using throwaway cartons or chopsticks that can’t 7.be recycled(recycle),and taking public transportation 8.on a regular basis to and from work.To sum up,everybody has a role 9.to play(play) in protecting our planet and if we all set out to do our part,the 10.harmonious(harmony) world will be restored.
1.switch vi.& vt.转换,改变 n.开关,转换器;转变(change/transformation)
佳句背诵　
Then I got up,went downstairs and switched on the TV in the living room.(动作链)
然后我起床,下楼,打开起居室里的电视。
switch off　 关上(电灯、电视等);断掉(电源)
switch on　 打开;开始运行
switch over　 转变;转换;换台
switch(...)from...to... 把(……)由……转变为……
以练促学　语段训练
Attention,please!We will switch from the train to the tram to reach the provincial museum.Upon reaching the destination,please make sure all mobile phones are switched off.Switching them on will influence our visit.(口头通知)
请注意!我们将从火车转乘有轨电车到省博物馆。到达目的地后,请确保所有手机处于关机状态。开机会影响我们访问。
2.decrease n.减少;减少的量 vi.& vt.减少(reduce)
佳句背诵　
The number of poor men is on the decrease as the economy is growing.
随着经济发展,贫困人口的数量正在减少。
decrease to...　 减少到……
decrease by...　 减少了……
a decrease in...　 在……(方面)降低/减少
on the decrease/increase 正在减少/增加
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①To sum up, the number of new students decreased from 210 to 160.That is to say, the number decreased by 24%.
②We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean animals is decreasing/on the decrease(正在下降).So there is an urgent need to switch our wrongdoing so that their number will be gradually on the increase(逐渐增加).(海洋保护;2022·全国甲卷)
3.blame vt.责怪,指责 n.(坏事或错事的)责任;指责;责备
佳句背诵　
Don’t always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes you yourself are to blame for it.(观点态度)
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。有时你自己该为此负责。
blame sb for...
因……而指责某人;把……归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth
把某事归咎于某人/某事
be to blame (for sth)
(为某事)承担责任;(因某事)该受责备
take/get the blame for...
对……负责;为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb/sth
把某事推到某人/某事上/归咎于某人/某事
[点津]　be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式,该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①These days you can see traffic jams around schools at drop off and pick up times.But it’s hard to blame(blame) the parents.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②When getting along with others,we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes.After all,many times we are also to blame.So instead of blaming mistakes on others/putting the blame for mistakes on others,we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
当和他人相处时,我们不应该总是因错误而指责他人。毕竟,很多时候我们也应该受到责备。因此,我们应该多交流、换位思考,而不是把错误归咎于其他人。(建议信)
4.annoyed adj.烦恼的,生气的(angry/cross)→annoy vt.使恼怒;使生气→annoyance
n.生气;烦恼;令人烦恼的事→annoying adj.使烦恼的;使恼怒的
佳句背诵　
Mother was annoyed with me for lying to her about my grades.(情绪描写)
妈妈对我在成绩上对她说谎很生气。
be annoyed with sb对某人生气
be annoyed about/at sth为某事生气
What annoys sb most is that...
最让某人生气的是……
to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①I was annoyed with him about/at his annoying(annoy) rude table manners.
②使我生气的是,我和我的搭档总是在很多方面存在分歧,我不知道怎么才能改善这种状况。 (2022·浙江1月卷)
→To my annoyance,I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation.(annoyance)
→What annoyed me was that/What made me annoyed was that I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation.(annoyed)
5.relate vi.& vt.相联系,有关联(associate);叙述,讲述,讲(故事)→related adj.有联系的→
relation n.联系;关联
佳句背诵　
For another, I have accumulated related experience by working part time in a travel agency, accompanying some foreign tourists.(申请信)
另一方面,我通过在旅行社兼职,陪同一些外国游客积累了相关经验。
These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
这些场景可能绘制于数百年前,但它们记录了我们都能感同身受的瞬间。
relate...to...　 把……和……联系起来
relate to　 涉及;和……相关;谈到;理解
(be) related to　 有关系的;有关联的
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is claimed that the “new four great inventions” are all related to China’s high tech innovations.
②Not only can our head teacher relate to us students but also he can constantly relate what we are studying to the real world.(人物介绍)
我们的班主任不仅能理解我们学生,而且他还能不断地将我们正在学习的东西与现实世界联系起来。
③With so much related experience,I am greatly convinced that I will be incredibly qualified for the position.(申请信)
由于有丰富的相关经验,我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。
片段巩固 用switch;decrease;blame;annoyed;relate完成动作、心理描写片段
写作提示:考试不及格→妈妈很生气,责怪我不努力→默默回到房间,关了灯→仔细想想,可以理解妈妈→ 决定减少玩电脑游戏的时间,更加努力学习
　　Knowing that I failed in the final exam, my mother was very annoyed and blamed me for not working hard.I went to my room silently and switched off the light, weeping under the quilt.Thinking it over, I could relate to my mother.I decided to decrease the time in playing computer games and work much harder.
6.claim vt.声称;断言;主张;夺去(生命)n.声称;(根据权力而提出的) 要求
佳句背诵　
It is claimed that humour not only affects patients’ moods,but can actually help them recover faster.(建议信)
据称,幽默不仅能影响病人的情绪,而且实际上能帮助他们更快地康复。
make a claim　 声称;断言;索赔
claim to do...　 声称做……
It is claimed that...　 据称……
以练促学　猜测词义/单句语法填空
①Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years. vt.夺去(生命)
②He should make a claim on his house insurance for storm destruction.
③Nobody has claimed to take(take) the blame for the gas leakage.
7.die out消失;绝迹,灭绝
佳句背诵　
This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.(环境保护)
因其栖息地正受到破坏,这一物种已濒于灭绝。
wipe out　 彻底毁灭,消灭
put out　 扑灭;扔掉;摆好;生产;出版
work out　 解决;算出
set out　 开始做某事,着手进行
turn out　 结果是
以练促学　用“动词+out”短语填空
①The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.
②It turned out that the maths problem was difficult,but my partner and I decided to work it out.
③Fortunately,most smokers are supportive and put out their cigarettes when we ask them to, but some smokers could become quite violent.
8.stressed out疲惫不堪;焦虑不安→stressed adj.焦虑不安的→stress n.压力 vt.强调 →stressful adj.压力重的;紧张的
佳句背诵　
When you are stressed out, you can jump rope, which is a great way to relieve stress and improve your mood.(建议信;2024·浙江1月卷)
当你压力大的时候,你可以跳绳,这是一种很好的缓解压力和改善情绪的方法。
Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
人在压力之下,办事情就容易出差错。
under stress 在压力之下
lay/place/put stress on/upon... 强调……
以练促学　单句写作/语段训练
①I can’t lay/place/put stress on/upon the significance of/stress the significance of ocean conservation too much.(海洋保护;2022·全国甲卷)　我怎么强调海洋保护的重要性都不为过。
②Faced with such a stressful challenge,so anxious was I that I was on pins and needles.Sensing I was under stress/stressed (out),my teacher patted me on the shoulder,comforting and encouraging me.(情绪+动作描写;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)　面对这样一个巨大的挑战,我非常焦虑,感觉如坐针毡。老师感觉到我压力很大,就拍了拍我的肩膀,安慰和鼓励我。
9. sum up总结;概括
佳句背诵　
The story may be summed up in one sentence: Hard work can make up for a lack of ability.
这个故事可以用一句话来概括:勤能补拙。
make up 弥补;构成;编造;和解
make up for 补偿,弥补
turn up 开大;出现
go up 上升;上涨
set up 设立;建立
take up 开始从事;占据(时间、空间等);拿起
add up 加起来;总计
以练促学　用“动词+up”短语填空/单句写作
①With the price of houses going up,I have no alternative but to take up a part time job in a company that was set up by my friends three years ago.
②I have great difficulty adding up these numbers,so could you please give me a hand
③Once my mother turned up,I swallowed my pride,rushed to her and said sorry to her,trying to make up with her.(动作链)　我妈妈一出现,我就抑制住自己的骄傲,冲到她身边向她道歉,试图和她和好。
片段巩固 用claim;die out;stressed out;sum up完成应用文写作片段
写作提示:一项研究声称许多物种正在灭绝→我感到担忧和焦虑→呼吁人们拯救濒危物种→帮助恢复栖息地,减少污染→总之,尽力保护环境
　　A research has claimed that many species are dying out. This news makes me feel extremely worried and stressed out. I feel an urgent need to appeal to people to save the endangered species. We should take practical actions, such as protecting their habitats from being destroyed and reducing pollution that harms them. To sum up, we should try our best to protect the environment.
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①But if you’re just watching, we’d like to ask you to stay in one spot to reduce traffic jams.(2024·全国甲卷) n.堵塞
②Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.(全国Ⅰ卷) n.纪念碑
③I watched for the desert sunsets,and hunted for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago. vi.寻找
④What trick are those children hatching vt.策划
⑤You’re going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back. vt.抑制 (感情、言语)
2.选出switch的汉语意思
①He pulls out a special device,points it at the suspect,and switches it on.(天津7月卷) A
②Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch,but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
(2023·浙江1月卷) C
③He snatched up the receiver and his free hand reached for the switch on the bedside lamp. B
3.选出regular的汉语意思
A.adj.符合规定的;正当的　B.adj.定期的,有规律的　C.n.常客
①We all know that regular exercise is important,but few of us know how to exercise properly.(2023·浙江1月卷) B
②A period is the regular ending for a sentence. A
③She was displeased with absolutely everything,nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”. C
4.选出claim的汉语意思
①It is claimed that the red dragon is a positive symbol,indicating strength and a sense of national identity. B
②The police say that if no one claims the watch,you can keep it. D
③The company has made a claim for damages caused by the delay of delivery. A
④It is reported that the hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives. C
5.根据上下文写出mass的词性和词义
I like travelling by train.There is no doubt that trains provide cheap travel for the ①masses.Yesterday, when I went to the train station to catch a train in a hurry, there was a ②mass of cloud in the sky and it seemed as if it was going to rain.But as I arrived at the train station, I was surprised to find that ③masses of fans were waiting for a super star anxiously outside the train station.
①n.群众,民众　 ②n.团,块,堆
③n.许多,大量
1.句型公式:It is/was+adj.+that从句
课本原句:It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth,including animals and plants.显然,人类的活动已经对包括动物和植物在内的地球上所有其他的物种产生了负面的影响。
佳句背诵　
It is certain that all students will benefit a lot from your speech.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
可以肯定的是,所有的学生都会从你的演讲中获益良多。
(1)该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的从句,that只起连接作用,不能省略。可用于该句型的形容词有:clear,obvious,well known,true,possible,necessary,natural,important等。
(2)it作形式主语的其他句式:
·It is+名词(a pity,a shame,an honor,one’s duty,no wonder...)+that从句
·It is+过去分词(said,reported,believed,suggested,proved...)+that从句
·It+不及物动词(appear,seem,turn out...)+that从句
以练促学　单句写作
①It is obvious that changes in transportation will bring great changes to people’s lives.
很明显,交通方式的改变将给人们的生活带来巨大的变化。(科技发展;2024·全国甲卷)
②It is well known that the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.(景点介绍)
众所周知,长城是世界七大奇迹之一。
　　　　　　　　　　
③It turns out that students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.(短文投稿;2022·全国乙卷)
结果证明,在英语学习方面,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。
2.句型公式:without引导含蓄虚拟条件句
课本原句:Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
假如没有森林,我们就没有可以呼吸的空气;没有干净的水,我们就无法生存。
佳句背诵　
Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat,the earth would be freezing cold at night,too cold for us to live on.
如果没有空气保存太阳的热量,晚上地球将会非常寒冷,冷得我们无法生存。
I was rather anxious when I found my wallet gone. My student card, meal card and bank card were all in the wallet, with out which I would get into trouble.
我发现我的钱包不见了时,我十分焦虑。我的学生卡、饭卡和银行卡都在钱包里,没有它我就会遇到麻烦。
(1)句中without引导含蓄虚拟条件句,相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句,如果表示与现在或将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”;如果表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词则用“would/could/might have+过去分词”。
(2)引导含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用but for,otherwise,or,but等。
以练促学　单句写作/一句多译
①Without setbacks, our life would not be filled with wonderful stories.
如果没有挫折,我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。
②But for this experience,I wouldn’t have realized that I should spend more time with my family.
要不是这次经历,我就不会意识到我应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。
③如果没有分发的食物,这些无家可归的人可能会饿一整晚,并且失去生活的希望。(2022·浙江6月卷)
→Without distributed food, these homeless people might have starved the whole night and lost hope of life.
→These homeless people got distributed food.Otherwise,they might have starved the whole night and lost hope of life.
维度一　核心知识运用
1.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered(endanger) species across the ridges and valleys. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness (aware) of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
3.In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions(billion) of records. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
4.We were stuck(stick) in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
5.They should also prepare plenty of reusable(reuse) bags to carry their “new” clothes home. (2021·全国甲卷)
6.Embarrassed and a little annoyed(annoy),I fled to my room,but Mom stopped me. (2021·浙江1月卷)
7.The destruction (destroy) caused by the natural disaster left the town in ruins.
8.The urgency(urgent) of the situation requires that we should make an immediate decision.
9.After being rejected as a fashion designer,the young man switched to environment conversation.
10.You are required to sum up the main idea of the passage with a maximum,rather than a minimum of 6 words.
维度二　单句写作
1.It was obvious that the manager of the café shop was waiting for me to leave. (It is/was+adj.+that从句)
很明显,咖啡店的老板正在等着我离开。
2.Without the encouraging cheers from the audience,our team couldn’t have won such a match. (虚拟语气)
要不是观众鼓舞人心的欢呼,我们队不可能赢得比赛。
3.The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times larger than what it was ten years ago. (倍数表达法)
这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在,我们新学校的面积比10年前大三倍。
4.And the fifth event,which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. (定语从句)
6 600万年前发生第五次灭绝事件导致了恐龙的灭亡。
5.There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. (定语从句)
这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多:空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。
维度三　单元知识拾遗
1.Mary is anxious for her mother and now she is anxious to see her mother.
玛丽为母亲担忧,并且她现在急于想见到母亲。
2.Some endangered species are likely to disappear if we don’t take action to protect them.
如果我们不采取行动进行保护,一些濒危物种可能会消失。
3.We human beings are supposed to take the blame for extinct or endangered species,so we must do our part in wildlife conservation.
我们人类应该为灭绝或濒临灭绝的物种承担责任,所以我们必须在野生动物保护中尽自己的一份力量。
4.Changes in farming methods have badly affected employment in the area.
耕作方法的改变严重影响了这个地区的就业。
5.One of the major causes of the air pollution is the carbon monoxide from the cars.
汽车产生的一氧化碳是空气污染的主要原因之一。
6.Because of wearing earphones,many teenagers are at risk of hearing loss.
由于佩戴耳机,许多青少年都面临听力丧失的危险。
7.She earned a large sum of money by selling mobile phones.
她靠卖手机赚了一大笔钱。
8.Good teachers suit their lessons to the age of their pupils.
好老师使其课程适合学生的年龄。
9.This is a collective responsibility; all of us have a role to play.
这是一个需要集体承担的责任,我们大家都可以发挥作用。
10.When setting out on a long walk,you should always wear suitable shoes.
出门远行时,你应该穿合适的鞋子。
Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(倡议书——保护环境)
假设你是红星中学校学生会主席李华。为了提高学生的环保意识,请你给校英文报写一封倡议书,内容包括:
1.环境现状;
2.提出倡议。
根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作
第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达
①众所周知,由于栖息地的丧失和气候变化,一些物种的数量正在迅速减少,一些物种即将灭绝。 (species,decrease,die out)
As we all know, the population of some species is decreasing rapidly and some species are dying out due to the habitat loss and climate change.
②如果没有这些物种的多样性,世界将失去丰富多彩的色彩。 (without短语引导含蓄虚拟语气,variety)
Without the variety of these species, the world would lose colorfulness.
③该是我们采取紧急措施保护这些濒危物种的时候了。(It is high time that...,urgent,endangered)
It is high time that we took urgent measures to protect these endangered species.
④一些人建议使用清洁能源,而另一些人则建议回收利用并减少我们产生的废物量。 (while连接并列句,recycle)
Some people propose the use of clean energy while others suggest recycling and reducing the amount of waste we produce.
⑤恢复它们的栖息地需要很长时间。 (It takes sb some time to do...)
It will take a long time to restore their habitats.
⑥我认为我们每个人都有责任保护环境。只有我们都尽自己的一份力,我们才能创造一个更美丽的环境。 (have a role,do one’s part)
I think we all have a role to play in protecting the environment.Only if we all do our part can we create a more beautiful environment.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)
As we all know, the population of some species is decreasing rapidly and some species are dying out due to the habitat loss and climate change.Without the variety of these species, the world would lose colorfulness.So it is high time that we took urgent measures to protect these endangered species.Some people propose the use of clean energy while others suggest recycling and reducing the amount of waste we produce.It will take a long time to restore their habitats.I think we all have a role to play in protecting the environment.Only if we all do our part can we create a more beautiful environment.
Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 wonder v.想知道,好奇 total v.总数达,总计 excited adj.激动的,兴奋的 amazed adj.惊奇的,惊讶的 create v.创造,创建 accomplish v.完成,实现
词 块 be overflowing with充满 raise funds筹集资金 people from all over the country 来自全国各地的人们
美 句 1.I was so excited and totally amazed at the amount of money that I had raised. 我对自己筹到的钱的数量感到非常兴奋和惊讶。 2.Then, just when I had achieved what I thought was my highest goal, I created a Web page to tell other people how to organize a fund raiser like the one that I did. 然后,就在我达到我认为的最高目标时,我创建了一个网页,告诉其他人如何组织像我这样的筹款活动。 3.People from all over the country began to call me to find out how to raise funds to help dogs in their areas. 全国各地的人们开始打电话给我,想知道如何筹集资金来帮助他们地区的狗。
2.续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:“我”读到一篇关于野狗Solo因缺乏医疗救助而丧生的故事→“我”联想到自家的狗Kela→“我”决定组织募捐来帮助更多的狗→妈妈觉得这件事对一个11岁的小女孩来说很难,但她表示支持→“我”把募捐箱放在了宠物店→“我”的行为被当地记者报道→几天后“我”准备查看募捐款……
场景续写1:“我”去收钱的时候,真的很紧张→担心没有集到钱→打开募捐箱后“我”看到里面装满了钱→“我”非常激动,难以置信
　　I was really nervous when I finally went to collect the money. 　


场景续写2:“我”意识到很多人不知道如何帮助→创建网页,告诉其他人如何组织像“我”这样的筹款活动→全国各地的人打电话给“我”,想知道如何筹集资金来帮助他们地区的狗→这是一项艰苦的工作→明白了如果你坚持下去,可以做到任何事情
　　I realized many people feel the same way as I did but didn’t know how to help. 　


【参考范文】
I was really nervous when I finally went to collect the money. Would there be anything in the boxes I wondered.I really wasn’t sure that I could raise enough money.But when I collected the first box, I couldn’t believe my eyes.The box was practically overflowing with dollar bills! It totaled over three thousand dollars! I was so excited and totally amazed at the amount of money that I had raised.I couldn’t believe it!
I realized many people feel the same way as I did but didn’t know how to help. Then, just when I had achieved what I thought was my highest goal, I created a Web page to tell other people how to organize a fund raiser like the one that I did.People from all over the country began to call me to find out how to raise funds to help dogs in their areas.It was a lot of hard work but I learned that if you just keep going, you can accomplish anything.
　　(2024·全国甲卷)
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
真题再做
24.What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph
A.It’s a survival skill.
B.It’s taught by mother cats.
C.It’s hard to interpret.
D.It’s getting louder with age.
25.How does a pet cat assess different situations
A.By listening for sounds.
B.By touching familiar objects.
C.By checking on smells.
D.By communicating with other cats.
26.Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
A.Perform appropriately.
B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely.
D.Do better.
27.What is a suitable title for the text
A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B.Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C.Have Fun with Your Cat
D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
答案　24.A　25.C　26.D　27.B
思维建模
词义猜测题——利用转折关系猜测词义
第一步 阅读题干,找到画线部分对应的段落
第二步 在同一句或同一段中找到转折词
第三步 读懂上下文,根据画线词的前后句之间的转折关系来猜测画线词的词义
以例示法
如26题,画线部分前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯而闻名,且画线部分前有表示转折关系的连词but;下文介绍了猫的行为,它们会将在外面找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意,并且最后一段倒数第二句提到了“These adorable little hunters”,由此可推知,与狗相比,猫更擅长“去取物品来表达对主人的喜爱”。故画线短语所在部分表明猫将这种行为提到了一个更高的层次,它们在取物方面做得更好,故D项正确。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
1.distinct /d st kt/ adj.有区别的,不同的 2.vocalization / v k la ze n/ n. 发声 3.affection / fek n/ n.喜爱,关爱 4.stretch /stret / v.拉长,变长 5.heighten / ha tn/ v.提高,升高 6.assess / ses/ v.评价,评定 7.specific /sp s f k/ adj.明确的,具体的 8.distinguish /d st ɡw / v.区分,辨别,分清 9.fetch /fet / v.去拿,去取,去接 10.adorable / d r bl/ adj.可爱的,讨人喜欢的 1.scare away把……吓跑 2.look for shelter寻找庇护 3.bring...tolife使……生动起来 4.get the mother’s attention引起妈妈的注意 5.sense of smell嗅觉 6.look out for any signs of danger 留心任何危险的迹象
析 长 难 语 句 That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately...;why引导表语从句;if引导使用了虚拟语气的条件状语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断它们的主人是否在其他猫的周围(待过),而它们通常不喜欢这样(自己的主人在其他猫的周围待过)。
课时作业　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·郑州高三质量预测)
Wildlife conservation programs are a great way to get involved in the preservation of endangered species,as well as learn how you can help protect them.If you are a wildlife lover,here are some programs you can choose.
·Animal Rescue Project,South Africa
You will be working with experienced conservationists in Cape Town.A significant challenge is to find new homes for homeless dogs and cats.The project comprises two sections: a fully equipped animal hospital and an adoption center focusing on securing new homes.Due to limited funding,the center can only afford a small number of permanent staff,relying heavily on wildlife lovers to assist with daily tasks and provide hands on care for these animals.
·Turtle Conservation Project,Sri Lanka
Recent years have witnessed a significant decline in the sea turtle’s numbers due to numerous commercial fishing.As a wildlife lover,your role extends to supporting hatcheries (孵化场) in their conservation efforts.Additionally,your involvement helps these hatcheries with funds,as we provide a placement fee for each wildlife lover,enabling them to generate additional income.
·Wildlife Conservation Program,Australia
You will be engaged in activities such as animal feeding,cleaning,maintenance,and enrichment.This program provides an incredible opportunity to gain first hand international work experience.For you,this program is an excellent choice.Not only will you contribute to a noble cause,but it also offers a fantastic opportunity to meet people from around the world.
·Marine Conservation Program,Bali
You will be working in Tianyar,where the reef is now in a worsening state.The project was initiated to restore and conserve Tianyar’s coral reef,not only to protect its remarkable and delicate ecosystems but also to secure a sustainable future for the residents.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个野生生物保护项目。
1.What problem does the adoption center meet with
A.Insufficient equipment.
B.Insecure surroundings.
C.Shortage of shelters.
D.Lack of hands.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据Animal Rescue Project,South Africa部分中的“Due to limited funding...relying heavily on wildlife lovers to assist with daily tasks”可知,收养中心面临资金有限这一问题,以至于无法招收足够数量的长期工,只得大量依赖野生动物爱好者来帮忙做日常事务等,故选D项。]
2.Which program will offer financial assistance
A.Animal Rescue Project,South Africa.
B.Turtle Conservation Project,Sri Lanka.
C.Wildlife Conservation Program,Australia.
D.Marine Conservation Program,Bali.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据Turtle Conservation Project,Sri Lanka部分中的“your involvement helps these hatcheries with funds...enabling them to generate additional income”可知,Turtle Conservation Project,Sri Lanka为每一个野生动物爱好者提供安置费,使他们能够产生额外的收入,故选B项。]
3.What is the main purpose of the text
A.To promote program cooperation.
B.To advocate restoring ecosystems.
C.To introduce endangered species protection.
D.To encourage engagement with wildlife preservation.
答案　D　[写作意图题。根据第一段“Wildlife conservation programs are...here are some programs you can choose.”可知,野生动物保护项目是参与濒危物种保护的好方法,本文通过介绍保护濒危物种的几个项目,来鼓励野生生物爱好者参与野生生物保护,故选D项。]
(2025·长郡中学高三适应性考试)
Concrete has served as the foundation stone of the construction industry for hundreds of years.However,the process of producing concrete is one of the most environmentally unfriendly processes in the world.In the process,not only is carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) released into the air by the energy used to heat the limestone,but the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.
Luckily,a number of start ups throughout the world are using creative thinking to make the construction industry a whole lot more friendly for the planet.
A Canadian company called CarbonCure,has found a way to inject (注射) concrete with carbon dioxide itself.Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete,keeping it from running away into the atmosphere,but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate,which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used.
California based Brimstone,is creating carbon negative concrete by doing away with limestone entirely and instead using silicate rock,a material that does not release carbon dioxide when heated.Instead,the process produces magnesium (镁), which absorbs carbon dioxide,as the basis for their concrete.
Additionally,researchers at Australia’s RMIT University have recently released a study showing that adding coffee grounds instead of sand to concrete could make it much stronger,reducing both the amount of sand used,as well as the amount of concrete that would need to be used in the final product.
The biggest barrier at this point is convincing members of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used,according to Stacy Smedley,director of a non profit organization focusing on decarbonizing construction.
Hopefully these new solutions to the environmental problems of concrete will soon be widely adopted.Given the significant part the construction industry has in releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,great improvements can be made when more environmentally friendly materials are used.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了混凝土的生产过程造成极大的环境污染。世界各地的一些初创企业正在利用创造性思维使建筑行业对地球更加友好,并介绍了生产混凝土的新方法。
4.What is the environmental issue associated with traditional concrete production
A.The high demand for energy.
B.The processing of waste materials.
C.The mass release of carbon dioxide.
D.The use of non renewable resources.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段介绍的传统混凝土生产过程中的相关情况,即“In the process,not only is carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)released...the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.”可知,与传统混凝土生产相关的环境问题是生产过程会向空气中释放大量的二氧化碳,故选C项。]
5.How does CarbonCure deal with the environmental impact of concrete production
A.By using silicate rock as the basis.
B.By putting carbon dioxide into concrete.
C.By replacing sand with coffee grounds.
D.By absorbing carbon dioxide with magnesium.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A Canadian company called CarbonCure,has found a way to inject(注射)concrete with carbon dioxide itself.”可知,公司CarbonCure采用向混凝土本身注入二氧化碳的方法。B选项中的“putting carbon dioxide into concrete”是文章中的“inject (注射)concrete with carbon dioxide itself”的同义转换,故选B项。]
6.According to Smedley,what is the major challenge facing these solutions
A.Difficulty in making profits.
B.Convincing the public of the convenience.
C.Lack of funding for research.
D.Removing the industry members’ safety concern.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The biggest barrier at this point is convincing...are safe to be used”可知,Smedley认为目前最大的障碍是让业内人士相信新型混凝土是可以安全使用的。选项中的“the major challenge”是第六段中的“The biggest barrier”的同义转换,故选D项。]
7.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To promote an alternative to concrete.
B.To advocate environmental protection.
C.To introduce new ways to produce concrete.
D.To emphasize the significance of creativity.
答案　C　[写作意图题。文章第一段介绍了传统混凝土生产的问题,第二段引出下文对生产混凝土新方法的介绍,最后一段中提到“Hopefully these new solutions...will soon be widely adopted.”,即“希望这些解决混凝土环境问题的新方法能很快被广泛采用”。由此可推出,作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍生产混凝土的新方法,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·济南高三针对性训练)
Orange chicken,salt and pepper chips,fried rice...Max Burns lists several typical Western style Chinese dishes that 　1　 him.For Burns who spent his childhood in China,those cuisines are far from 　2　.They are invented to satisfy Western preferences.
Actually,many Westerners regard that particular type of 　3　 as the whole of Chinese cuisine.The average Westerners are not as 　4　 and educated as they could be.That is why he tries to show Chinese food by making vlogs about 　5　 Chinese dishes at home.
The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an 　6　 with over three million subscribers worldwide today and helped 　7　 some people’s ideas about Chinese food.His friends told him they were shocked by the 　8　 of Chinese cuisine and it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine.
　9　,when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 after returning to England,cooking Chinese food at home was a then “　10　 idea”,because he was never into cooking.At the time,the 　11　 centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture.However,when Burns couldn’t 　12　 outside because of the weather,he had to learn to cook.“Then I instantly fell in love,”he 　13　.“The more I learned about Chinese cooking,the more I got into it.”
The cooking journey also helps Burns maintain his 　14　 with China,even though he has left China for years.Burns 　15　 the experiences of living in China,enabling him to teach about Chinese cuisine and build a cross cultural bridge between the East and the West.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Burns通过分享自己制作中式菜肴的视频博客经历,不仅成了拥有大量粉丝的网络红人,还让英国人对中国菜有了更好的了解,并加深了他自己与中国文化的联系。
1.A.attract B.disappoint
C.puzzle D.scare
答案　B　[根据下文中的“Burns who spent his childhood in China”可知,Burns是在中国长大的,这些典型的西式中餐使Burns很是失望。disappoint“使失望”;puzzle“迷惑,使困惑”;scare“惊吓,使害怕,使恐惧”,故选B项。]
2.A.nutritious B.simple
C.genuine D.organic
答案　C　[根据空后的“They are invented to satisfy Western preferences.”可知,这些菜都是发明出来满足西方人偏好的,由此可见,这些菜并不是正宗的中国菜。nutritious“有营养的,营养丰富的”;genuine“真的,名副其实的”;organic“有机的”,故选C项。]
3.A.material B.dessert
C.restaurant D.fare
答案　D　[上文中提到了“several typical Western style Chinese dishes”,因此,该空指的正是这类菜,需要用到“饭菜”的意思,故选fare。fare在此处为熟词生义的用法。material“材料”;dessert“甜品”,故选D项。]
4.A.motivated B.treated
C.informed D.recognized
答案　C　[根据上文中的“many Westerners regard that particular type of 　　　　as the whole of Chinese cuisine”可知,西方人对中国的饮食认识很有局限性。由此可见,他们对中国饮食并不是那么了解。motivated“积极的,有动机的”;treated“被款待的”;informed“见多识广的”;recognized“被认可的”,故选C项。 ]
5.A.making B.ordering
C.serving D.ranking
答案　A　[根据下文中的“cooking Chinese food at home”可知,Burns在家拍摄做(making)中国菜的视频。rank“排列,使排成行”,故选A项。]
6.A.influencer B.amateur
C.employer D.organizer
答案　A　[根据上文中的“making vlogs”和空后的“with over three million subscribers worldwide today”可知,Burns通过拍摄在家做中国菜的视频,成了一个有着三百多万粉丝的有影响力的人(influencer)。amateur“业余爱好者,业余运动员”;employer“雇主”;organizer“组织者”,故选A项。]
7.A.consider B.assess
C.overlook D.shift
答案　D　[根据上文中的“many Westerners regard that particular type of 　　　　as the whole of Chinese cuisine”和空后的“it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine”可知,Burns的视频改变了(shift)一些人对中国菜的认识。assess“评估,评定(性质、质量)”;overlook“忽略,未注意到,俯视”;shift“改变观点”,故选D项。 ]
8.A.diversity B.significance
C.popularity D.impact
答案　A　[根据空后的“it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine”可知,Burns的朋友们需要花很长时间才能弄懂中国菜的类别。由此可见,Burns的朋友们对中国菜的多样性(diversity)感到震惊。significance“意义,重要性”;popularity“普及,受欢迎”;impact“影响”,故选A项。]
9.A.Consequently B.Interestingly
C.Ultimately D.Obviously
答案　B　[上文讲到了Burns通过拍摄做中国菜的视频成为有影响力的人,而当他返回英国做中国菜时,“he was never into cooking”(他从不喜欢做饭)。由此可见,这是一件有意思的事情。consequently“因此”;ultimately“最终,最后”;obviously“明显地”,故选B项。]
10.A.negative B.practical
C.stupid D.brilliant
答案　C　[根据空后的原因状语从句“because he was never into cooking”可知,他从不喜欢做饭。因此,在当时,在家做中国菜是一个愚蠢的(stupid)想法。negative“消极的,负面的”;practical“实际的,切实可行的”;brilliant“巧妙的,使人印象深的”,故选C项。]
11.A.courses B.surveys
C.tests D.videos
答案　D　[根据上文中的“when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 after returning to England”可知,此处讲的是2016年Burns首次进入视频市场时的情况:当时的视频(videos)更多的是在介绍中国文化。course“课程,进程,一道菜”;survey“民意调查”;test“测试”,故选D项。]
12.A.dine B.film
C.exercise D.work
答案　A　[根据空后的“because of the weather,he had to learn to cook”可知,由于天气,他不得不学习做饭。据此可以推断,Burns不得不学习做饭,是因为他没有办法外出吃饭(dine),故选A项。]
13.A.defends B.recalls
C.comments D.responds
答案　B　[根据空前的“Then I instantly fell in love”可知,此处讲的是Burns对最初做饭的情况的回忆。defend“保卫,防守,(为……)辩护”;recall“回忆起,回想起,使想到”;comment“评论”;respond“回答”,故选B项。]
14.A.business B.argument
C.difference D.connection
答案　D　[根据空后的让步状语从句“even though he has left China for years”可知,即使他已经离开中国多年了,但是做饭之旅仍让他与中国保持联系(connection)。argument“争论,争吵,争辩,辩论,论据”,故选D项。]
15.A.imagines B.evaluates
C.appreciates D.describes
答案　C　[根据空后的“enabling him to teach about Chinese cuisine and build a cross cultural bridge between the East and the West”可知,在中国的生活经历让Burns能够教做中国菜,并在东西方之间建立一座跨文化的桥梁。由此可见,他很感激(appreciates)这段经历。imagine“想象”;evaluate“估计,评价,评估”;appreciate“感激,欣赏”;describe“描述”,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·石家庄高三质量检测)
Dunhuang used to be a major stop along the Silk Road,but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.
Those interested 1.　　　　　　 Dunhuang’s colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves,one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2.　　　　　　(block) by a locked door,which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3.　　　　　　(size)—from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings,which,upon their discovery,drew much 4.　　　　　　(attend) to the area.
Also,there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.
5.　　　　　　(catch) this incredible scene,you must rise early.It’s bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘)and paints a 6.　　　　　　(true) picturesque scene,all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7.　　　　　　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking the Crescent Lake.From this position,8.　　　　　　(regard) as the best one,the incredible sunset is awe inspiring.
No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,9. 　
it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive,10.　　　　　　(contain)many original artworks.Here,you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌这一旅游胜地的历史、文化和自然景观。
1.in　[考查介词。考查固定短语be interested in,故填in。]
2.is blocked　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。空处所在句为主从复合句,which引导定语从句,主句缺谓语动词;此处描述客观情况,故用一般现在时;主语The entrance与block是被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语是第三人称单数,故填is blocked。]
3.sizes　[考查名词的数。根据空前的all和空后的“from very small to absolutely huge”可知,此处应用名词复数,表示不止一个尺寸,故填sizes。]
4.attention　[考查词性转换。空前有much修饰,并结合常用表达draw attention to“吸引对……的注意力”可知,应该用不可数名词作drew的宾语,故填attention。]
5.To catch　[考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处为非谓语动词短语作目的状语,应用动词不定式,注意句首要首字母大写,故填To catch。]
6.truly　[考查词性转换。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正古色古香的场景”;空后picturesque“古色古香的”是形容词,应用副词修饰,故填truly。]
7.and　[考查并列连词。本句是祈使句,get off和walk up两个动词短语并列且表顺承,故填and。]
8.regarded　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处构成非谓语动词短语作定语修饰position,position与regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填 regarded。]
9.where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Dunhuang Museum,且指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。应用关系副词,故填where。]
10.containing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”,和主语The museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词 ing形式,故填containing。]
单 词 聚 焦 1.preservation / prez ve n/ n.保护;维护;保存 2.endangered / n de nd d/ adj.(动植物)濒危的 3.conservationist / k ns ve n st/ n.环境保护主义者 4.significant /s ɡ n f k nt/ adj.有重大意义的;显著的 5.comprise /k m pra z/ v.包括;包含;由……组成 6.witness / w tn s/ v.是发生……的地点(或时间、组织等);见证 7.cause /k z/ v.引起,造成n.(支持或为之奋斗的)事业 8.initiate / n ie t/ v.开始;发起;创始 9.foundation /fa n de n/ n.基础 10.release /r li s/ v.释放 11.creative /kri e t v/ adj.创造(性)的 12.basis / be s s/ n.基础,要素;原因,缘由 13.barrier / b ri (r)/ n.障碍,阻力,关卡 14.convince /k n v ns/ v.使相信;说服 15.adopt / d pt/ v.采用(某方法) 16.subscriber /s b skra b / n.订购者,订阅人,订户;消费者 17.category / k t ɡ ri/ n.种类,范畴 18.priceless / pra sl s/ adj.无价的 19.picturesque / p kt resk/ adj.(地方)古雅的,风景如画的 20.overlook / v l k/ v.忽视,忽略;眺望,俯瞰
词 块 积 累 1.get involved in参与,涉及 2.give out发出(声音、光等) 3.a huge amount of大量的 4.a whole lot非常,很 5.do away with废除,取消,结束 6.figure out弄清楚,弄明白;解决;计算出 7.enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事 8.a fascinating tourist destination迷人的旅游胜地 9.pay off取得成功;还清(债);给清工资后遣散 10.be bound to do sth注定会做某事,必然会做某事
长 难 句 式 1.Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete,keeping it from running away into the atmosphere,but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate,which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used. [分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete...but it also creates a super strong material...。keeping it from running away into the atmosphere为动词 ing形式短语作结果状语;called calcium carbonate为动词 ed形式短语作后置定语,修饰material;which引导非限制性定语从句;that引导定语从句。 [译文]　这不仅可以将二氧化碳截留在混凝土中,防止其流入大气,而且还可以产生一种叫碳酸钙的超强材料,从而减少所需的混凝土总用量。 2.Additionally,researchers at Australia’s RMIT University have recently released a study showing that adding coffee grounds instead of sand to concrete could make it much stronger,reducing both the amount of sand used,as well as the amount of concrete that would need to be used in the final product. [分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:...researchers ... have recently released a study ...。第一个that引导宾语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the amount of concrete。 [译文]　此外,澳大利亚皇家墨尔本理工大学的研究人员最近发布的一项研究表明,在混凝土中加入咖啡渣而非沙子可以使混凝土更坚固,这可以减少在最终产品中所需的混凝土用量以及沙子用量。(共168张PPT)
UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
选择性必修第一册
主题语境:环境保护
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.item n.　　　　 一项,一条
2.rhino n. 犀牛
3.horn n. (牛、羊等头上的)角
4.asteroid n. 小行星
5.hatch vi.& vt. (使)孵化
6.packet n. 小包,小盒
7.packaging n. 包装盒(瓶、袋),包装材料
8.coconut n. 椰子
9.shell n. 壳;贝壳
10.innovative adj. 新颖的,创新的,革新的
11.refillable adj. 可再填充的
12.bin n. 垃圾箱
13.carton n. 硬纸盒;塑料盒
14.cutlery n. 餐具
15.chopsticks n. 筷子
16.council n. 委员会;理事会
17.roadworks n. 道路施工
18.organic adj. 不使用化肥的,有机的,绿色的
19.institute n. 机构;研究院
20.poultry n. 家禽肉,家禽
21.committee n. 委员会
22.temple n. 庙宇,寺院
23.Confucius 孔子
24.memorial n. 纪念馆;纪念碑
adj. (对逝者)纪念的,追悼的
25.carve vt. 雕,刻
26.typhoon n. 台风
27.Atlantic adj. 大西洋的
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.plastic bags　　　　　 塑料袋
2.incredibly hard work 非常艰辛的工作
3.endangered species 濒危物种
4.wipe the table 擦桌子
5.a mass of evidence 大量的证据
6.a slight decrease 略有下降
7.blame me for being late 责备我迟到了
8.solar energy 太阳能
9.restore their habitats 恢复它们的栖息地
10.wrap the present 把礼物包起来
11.swallow a mouthful of bread 咽下一口面包
12.over the last decade 在过去的十年里
13.various types of gases 各种类型的气体
14.a new drug for cancer 一种治疗癌症的新药
15.quite a good essay 一篇好文章
16.seven billion years 七十亿年
17.many instances of injustice 很多不公正的实例
18.a beautiful valley 一个风景优美的山谷
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.switch vi.& vt.转换,改变 n.开关;转换器
　①press the switch按下开关
　②switch jobs换工作
2.jam n.拥挤,堵塞;果酱 v.塞满,挤满;卡住;塞入
　①a terrible traffic jam严重的交通堵塞
　②pass me the jam把果酱递给我
3.regular adj.定期的,有规律的 n.常客
　①regular exercise定期锻炼
　②a regular to her house她家的常客
4.claim vt.声称;断言;主张 n.声称;(根据权力而提出的)要求
　①make false claims 作虚假声明
　②He claimed to be a journalist. 他声称是记者。
5.sum vt.概括,总结 n.金额,款项;总数;算术
　①a large sum of money一大笔钱
　②sum up what you said总结一下你说的话
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.conservation n.　保护
　conserve vt. 保护;节约
　conservative adj. 保守的;守旧的
2.destroy vt. 破坏;毁掉
　destruction n. 破坏;摧毁;毁灭
3.mining n. 采矿业
　mine n. 矿;矿井
　miner n. 矿工
4.recycle vi.& vt. 再利用,回收利用
　recyclable adj. 可回收利用的;可再循环的
　unrecyclable adj. 不可回收的
5.informative adj. 有教育意义的;知识性强的
　inform vt. 通知
　information n. 信息
6.threat n. 威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
　threaten vt. 威胁;恐吓
7.illegally adv. 非法地,违法地
　legal adj. 合法的
　legally adv. 合法地
　illegal adj. 非法的;违法的
8.hunt vi.& vt. 猎取,猎杀
　hunting n. 打猎
　hunter n. 猎人
9.extinct adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
　extinction n. 灭绝
10.urgent adj. 紧急的,急迫的
　urgently adv. 迫切地;急切地
　urgency n. 紧急情况
11.unusual adj. 异常的;不平常的
　unusually adv. 不寻常地
　usual adj. 通常的;寻常的
　usually adv. 通常地
12.varied adj. 各种各样的,形形色色的
　vary vi. 变化
　various adj. 各种各样的
　variety n. 不同种类
13.affect vt. 影响
　effect n. 影响
　effective adj. 有效的;起作用的
　effectively adv. 有效地
　ineffective adj. 无效果的;不起作用的
14.endangered adj. 濒危的
　endanger vt. 使遭危险;危及;危害
　danger n. 危险
　dangerous adj. 有危险的
15.consumer n. 消费者
　consume vt. 消耗;消费;吃;喝
　consumption n. 消费;消耗量
16.wasteful adj. 浪费的;挥霍的
　waste vt.& n. 浪费
17.transportation n. 交通运输系统,运输方式
　transport vt. 运输
18.dirt n. 灰尘,尘土
　dirty adj. 肮脏的
19.realistic adj. 现实的,实际的
　real adj. 真的;真实的
　really adv. 真正地;确实地
　reality n. 真实;现实
　realize vt. 实现;意识到
20.aware adj. 意识到的,明白的
　awareness n. 意识;认识
　unaware adj. 不知道的;未察觉的
21.collection n. 收集;收藏品;专辑
　collect vt. 收集;收藏
22.anxious adj. 焦虑的,不安的
　anxiety n. 焦虑
　anxiously adv. 焦虑地,不安地
23.reusable adj. 可再使用的,可重复使用的
　reuse vt. 再次使用,重复使用
24.stuck adj. 卡住的,无法移动的
　stick vt. 将……刺入(或插入);刺
25.annoyed adj. 烦恼的,生气的
　annoy vt. 使恼怒;使生气
　annoying adj. 使烦恼的;使恼怒的
　annoyance n. 生气;烦恼;令人烦恼的事
26.anger n. 愤怒;怒气
　angry adj. 生气的;愤怒的
　angrily adv. 生气地;愤怒地
27.relate vi. 相联系,有关联
　related adj. 有联系的
　relation n. 联系;关联
28.regular adj. 定期的,有规律的
　regularly adv. 有规律地
　irregular adj. 无规律的
29.suit vt. 适合
　　　n. 套装
　suitable adj. 合适的
30.involve vt. 包含,需要
　involvement n. 加入;参与
　involved adj. 参与的;有关联的
31.opponent n. 反对者;对手,敌手
　oppose vt. 反对
　opposed adj. 反对的
32.cruel adj. 残忍的
　cruelty n. 残忍
　cruelly adv. 残忍地
33.chemical n. 化学品
　　　　　adj. 化学的
　chemistry n. 化学
　chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
34.scenic adj. 景色优美的
　scene n. 地点,现场;场面
　scenery n. 风景
35.historic adj. 古老的;历史上重要的
　history n. 历史
　historian n. 历史学家
36.agricultural adj. 农业的
　agriculture n. 农业
Ⅴ.短语词块
1.have a role　 起某种作用
2.do one's part 尽自己的职责
3.die out 消失;绝迹,灭绝
4.wipe out 彻底毁灭
5.be to blame (对某事)负有责任
6.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁
7.set out 开始做某事,着手进行
8.be related to 与……有关联
9.sum up 概括,总结
10.traffic jam 交通堵塞
11.stressed out 焦虑的
12.for instance 例如
13.mass extinction 大灭绝
14.global warming 全球变暖
15.human activity 人类活动
16.natural causes 自然原因
17.endangered species濒危物种
18.lay eggs 下蛋,产卵
19.public transport 公共交通
20.speed limit 限速
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally,the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. (It is not+ adj.+for sb/sth to do...)
　虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。
2.It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth,including animals and plants. (It is/was+adj.+that从句)
　显然,人类的活动已经对包括动物和植物在内的地球上所有其他的物种产生了负面的影响。
3.Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive. (without引导含蓄虚拟条件句)
　假如没有森林,我们就没有可以呼吸的空气;没有干净的水,我们就无法生存。
4.This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.
(It takes sb some time to do...)
　今天早上,我花了40分钟去市中心。
5.How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry
(形容词短语作状语)
　又有多少次,当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢
6.Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. (while作并列连词)
一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人,而同样数量的人至少需要18辆轿车。
形容词后缀-ive:①表示有……倾向的　②表示有……性质的
直接加-ive massive大而重的,大量的　collective集体的,共同的　effective有效的
active积极主动的,活跃的 attractive吸引人的,有吸引力的
productive多产的;富有成效的 impressive给人印象深刻的,令人钦佩的
去掉结尾字 母e加-ive appreciative感激的　 defensive防御的,戒备的
conservative保守的 alternative可替代的,备选的
特殊强记 sense感觉到,觉察到→sensitive善解人意的;敏感的;imagine想象,设想→imaginative富于想象力的;inform通知,告知→informative提供有用信息的,给予知识的;represent代表→ representative有代表性的
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.rescue precious items　 抢救贵重　　　　　
2.rhino horns 　　　　　
3.silver cutlery 银制　　　　　
4.find a warm place to hatch her eggs
找个温暖的地方　　　　　　蛋
5.plastic packets 塑料　　　　　
6.the tough shell of a coconut　　　　　的坚硬　　　　　　
物品
Step One　写一写
犀牛角
餐具
孵
包
椰子
外壳
7.a more innovative solution 一种更　　　　　　解决方案
8.refillable containers 　　　　　　容器
9.a rubbish bin 垃圾　　　　　
10.disposable chopsticks 一次性　　　　　
11.the local council 地方　　　　　
12.organic farming 　　　　　　农业
13.Confucius Institute 　　　　 　
14.poultry and eggs 　　　　　　和蛋
创新的
可再填充的
箱
筷子
委员会
有机
孔子学院
家禽
15.the Olympic committee 奥林匹克　　　　　
16.the magnificent buildings of the temple
　　　　　　的宏伟建筑
17.build a memorial 建一座　　　　　
18.houses with carved doors 配有　　　　　　花门的房子
委员会
寺庙
纪念碑
雕刻
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 adj.　　 塑料制的
2.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 转换,改变
3.　　　　　　 adv. 非常地,极端地
4.　　　　　　 n. 物种,种
5.　　　　　　 adj. 大量的
6.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 减少
n. 减少;减少的量
7.　　　　　　 vt. 责怪,指责
plastic
switch
incredibly
species
mass
decrease
blame
8.　　　　　　 adj. 太阳光(能)的
9.　　　　　　 vt. (使)恢复
10.　　　　　　 vt. 包,裹
11.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 吞下,咽下
12.　　　　　　 n. 拥挤,堵塞;果酱
13.　　　　　　 n. 十年,十年期
14.　　　　　　 n. 气,气体
15.　　　　　　 n. 癌症
16.　　　　　　 n. 论说文;散文
solar
restore
wrap
swallow
jam
decade
gas
cancer
essay
17.　　　　　　 n. 十亿
18.　　　　　　 n. 例子,实例
19.　　　　　　 vt. 声称;断言;主张
n. 声称;(根据权利而提出的)要求
20.　　　　　　 n. 药物,药材;毒品
21.　　　　　　 vt. 概括,总结
n. 金额,款项;总数
22.　　　　　　 n. 谷,山谷
billion
instance
claim
drug
sum
valley
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　　　破坏;毁掉
　　　　　　　 n. 破坏;摧毁;毁灭
2.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 再利用,回收利用
　　　　　　　 adj. 可回收利用的;可再循环的
　　　　　　　 adj. 不可回收的
3.　　　　　　 vt. 通知
　　　　　　　 adj. 有教育意义的;知识性强的
　　　　　　　 n. 信息
destroy
destruction
recycle
recyclable
unrecyclable
inform
informative
information
4.　　　　　　 n. 威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
　　　　　　　 vt. 威胁;恐吓
5.　　　　　　 adj. 合法的
　　　　　　　 adv. 合法地
　　　　　　　 adj. 非法的;违法的
　　　　　　　 adv. 非法地,违法地
6.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 猎取,猎杀
　　　　　　　 n. 打猎
　　　　　　　 n. 猎人
threat
threaten
legal
legally
illegal
illegally
hunt
hunting
hunter
7.　　　　　　 adj. 灭绝的,绝种的
　　　　　　　 n. 灭绝
8.　　　　　　 adj. 紧急的,急迫的
　　　　　　　 adv. 迫切地;急切地
　　　　　　　 n. 紧急情况
9.　　　　　　 adj. 通常的;寻常的
　　　　　　　 adv. 通常地
　　　　　　　 adj. 异常的;不平常的
　　　　　　　 adv. 不寻常地
extinct
extinction
urgent
urgently
urgency
usual
usually
unusual
unusually
10.　　　　　　 vi. 变化
　　　　　　　 adj. 各种各样的,形形色色的
　　　　　　　 adj. 各种各样的
　　　　　　　 n. 不同种类
11.　　　　　　 vt. 影响
　　　　　　　 n. 影响
　　　　　　　 adj. 有效的;起作用的
　　　　　　　 adv. 有效地
　　　　　　　 adj. 无效果的;不起作用的
vary
varied
various
variety
affect
effect
effective
effectively
ineffective
12.　　　　　　 n. 危险
　　　　　　　 adj. 有危险的
　　　　　　　 vt. 使遭危险;危及;危害
　　　　　　　 adj. 濒危的
13.　　　　　　 vt. 消耗;消费;吃;喝
　　　　　　　 n. 消费者
　　　　　　　 n. 消费;消耗量
danger
dangerous
endanger
endangered
consume
consumer
consumption
14.　　　　　　 adj. 真的;真实的
　　　　　　　 adv. 真正地;确实地
　　　　　　　 n. 真实;现实
　　　　　　　 vt. 实现;意识到
　　　　　　　 adj. 现实的,实际的
15.　　　　　　 adj. 意识到的,明白的
　　　　　　　 n. 意识;认识
　　　　　　　 adj. 不知道的;未察觉的
real
really
reality
realize
realistic
aware
awareness
unaware
16.　　　　　　 vt. 收集;收藏
　　　　　　　 n. 收集;收藏品;专辑
17.　　　　　　 adj. 焦虑的,不安的
　　　　　　　 n. 焦虑
　　　　　　　 adv. 焦虑地,不安地
18.　　　　　　 vt. 使恼怒;使生气
　　　　　　　 adj. 烦恼的,生气的
　　　　　　　 adj. 使烦恼的;使恼怒的
　　　　　　　 n. 生气;烦恼;令人烦恼的事
collect
collection
anxious
anxiety
anxiously
annoy
annoyed
annoying
annoyance
19.　　　　　　 n. 愤怒;怒气
　　　　　　　 adj. 生气的;愤怒的
　　　　　　　 adv. 生气地;愤怒地
20.　　　　　　 vi. 相联系,有关联
　　　　　　　 adj. 有联系的
　　　　　　　 n. 联系;关联
21.　　　　　　 adj. 定期的,有规律的
　　　　　　　 adv. 有规律地
　　　　　　　 adj. 无规律的
anger
angry
angrily
relate
related
relation
regular
regularly
irregular
22.　　　　　　 vt. 适合
　　　　　　　　n. 套装
　　　　　　　 adj. 合适的
23.　　　　　　 vt. 包含,需要
　　　　　　　 n. 加入;参与
　　　　　　　 adj. 参与的;有关联的
suit
suitable
involve
involvement
involved
24.　　　　　　 adj. 残忍的
　　　　　　　 n. 残忍
　　　　　　　 adv. 残忍地
25.　　　　　　 n. 化学品
　　　　　　　adj. 化学的
　　　　　　　 n. 化学
　　　　　　　 n. 化学家;药剂师
cruel
cruelty
cruelly
chemical
chemistry
chemist
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　　 消失;绝迹,灭绝
2.　　　　　　　　 彻底毁灭
3.　　　　　　　　 (对某事)负有责任
4.　　　　　　　　 处境危险,受到威胁
5.　　　　　　　　 与……有关联
6.　　　　　　　　 概括,总结
die out
wipe out
be to blame
be at risk
be related to
sum up
7.traffic jam 　　　　　　　
8.stressed out 　　　　　　　
9.for instance 　　　　　　　
10.have a role 　　　　　　　
11.do one's part 　　　　　　　
12.set out 　　　　　 　　
交通堵塞
焦虑的
例如
起某种作用
尽自己的职责
开始做某事,着手进行
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:It is not+adj.+for sb to do...
　In Beijing,　　　　　 　　　　　　.
　在北京,对当地人来说看到文化古迹并不稀罕。
2.句型公式:without引导含蓄虚拟条件句
　Without these cultural relics,　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　没有这些文化古迹,北京不可能吸引那么多的游客。
it is not unusual for local people to see cultural relics
Beijing couldn’t attract so many visitors
3.句型公式:It takes sb some time to do...
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 these relics every year.
　每年当地政府都会花一段时间来修复这些文物。
4.句型公式:形容词短语作状语
　When I went back home from work,she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　当我下班回到家时,她正躺在床上,没有睡着。
5.句型公式:It is/was+adj.+that从句
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Confucius' thought will continue to be a
necessary part of Chinese culture. (人物介绍)
　很明显,孔子思想将会一直是中国文化不可或缺的一部分。
It takes the local government some time to restore
was lying in bed,awake
It is clear that
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.This beautiful old building has been r　　　　　 to its former glory.
2.This collection is made up of three parts: poems, e　　　　　　 and short stories.
3.If anything does go wrong while they're in the house, they don't want to be
b　　　　　　 for it.
4.Food on the table is so attractive that I couldn't help s　　　　　　 mouth water.
estored
Step Two　练一练
ssays
lamed
wallowing
5.Harry had carefully bought and w　　　　　　 presents for Mark to give the children.
6.My father often talks about the incident that happened three
d　　　　　　 ago.
7.The country owes b　　　　　　 of dollars to foreign creditors,which causes great stress to the new president.
8.The marketplace was j　　　　　　 with a noisy crowd of buyers and sellers.
rapped
ecades
illions
ammed
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.We 　　　　　　need your help because a problem needs solving with 　　　　　　. (urgent)
2.　　　　　　,we should crack down on both sellers and buyers of fake (假的) certificates because it is 　　　　　　to use them. (legal)
3.In 　　　　　　,we should set a 　　　　　　goal and if we are devoted,we can 　　　　　　realize it. (real)
4.The 　　　　　　wife was like sitting on pins and needles,and her
　　　　　　was so obvious that we all comforted her. (anxious)
urgently
urgency
Legally
illegal
reality
realistic
really
anxious
anxiety
5.What makes me 　　　　　　is that my brother is making
　　　　　　noises by playing rock music. (annoy)
6.Some doctors think there is a 　　　　　　between smoking and lung cancer.What's worse,smoking is also 　　　　　　to heart disease. (relate)
7.He is 　　　　　　to me,and he treats his brother with 　　　　　　.What's worse,he treats those around him 　　　　　　. (cruel)
8.He didn't have a balanced diet or take exercise 　　　　　　,so this
　　　　　　lifestyle led to his poor health. (regular)
annoyed
annoying
relation
related
cruel
cruelty
cruelly
regularly
irregular
Ⅲ.短语填空
dying out
do one's part　be related to　die out sum up　be to blame　stressed out
1.Many endangered animals are 　　　 　　 because of too much pollution.
2.Now that you are elected as our chairman,　　 　　　　 and performing your duties are what you must do.
3.Some social app companies 　　　　　　because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
doing your part
were to blame
4.There is no denying that his failure in the examination 　　　　　　his laziness.
5.I just now 　　　　　　the main point of the lesson in three sentences.
6.All the students were overburdened and 　　　　　　,having to cope with too much work and too many demands.
is related to
summed up
stressed out
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It's said that dinosaurs died out because of a natural disaster.But now,many species are endangered or even extinct just because humans do varied harm to them.For instance,tigers are being illegally hunted in an 1.　　 　　(incredible) cruel way for their fur while rhinos,for their horns.Besides,we have destroyed their habitats by 2.　　　　　　(cut) down trees,throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging 3.　　　　　　 (pollute) water that contains poisonous chemicals into rivers.
incredibly
cutting
polluted
It is human activities 4.　　　　　　 are to blame for the mass extinction. However,we should be aware of the fact that without the species on
5.　　　　　　 we depend for our survival,we would be also at risk.Many anxious environmentalists write informative and innovative 6.　　　　　 (essay) to educate people to go green.Conservation measures involve switching to solar energy,stopping using throwaway cartons or chopsticks that can't
7.　 　　(recycle), and taking public transportation 8.　　 　　 a regular basis to and from work.To sum up,everybody has a role 9.　　　　　　(play) in protecting our planet and if we all set out to do our part,the
10.　　　　　　(harmony) world will be restored.
that
which
essays
be recycled
on
to play
harmonious
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3 写作迁移
No.2 熟词生义/一词多义
1.switch vi.& vt.转换,改变 n.开关,转换器;转变(change/transformation)
佳句背诵　
Then I got up,went downstairs and switched on the TV in the living room.
(动作链)
然后我起床,下楼,打开起居室里的电视。
switch off　 关上(电灯、电视等);断掉(电源)
switch on　 打开;开始运行
switch over　 转变;转换;换台
switch(...)from...to... 把(……)由……转变为……
以练促学　语段训练
Attention,please!We will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to reach the provincial museum. Upon reaching the destination,please make sure all mobile phones 　　　　　　　　　　.　　　　　　　　　　　　 will influence our visit.(口头通知)
请注意!我们将从火车转乘有轨电车到省博物馆。到达目的地后,请确保所有手机处于关机状态。开机会影响我们访问。
switch from the train to the tram
are switched off
Switching them on
2.decrease n.减少;减少的量 vi.& vt.减少(reduce)
佳句背诵　
The number of poor men is on the decrease as the economy is growing.
随着经济发展,贫困人口的数量正在减少。
decrease to...　 减少到……
decrease by...　 减少了……
a decrease in...　 在……(方面)降低/减少
on the decrease/increase 正在减少/增加
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①To sum up, the number of new students decreased from 210
　　　　　　160.That is to say, the number decreased 　　　　　　24%.
②We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean animals 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (正在下降).
So there is an urgent need to switch our wrongdoing so that their number will be gradually 　　　　　　　　　　　　(逐渐增加).(海洋保护;2022·全国甲卷)
to
by
is decreasing/on the decrease
on the increase
3.blame vt.责怪,指责 n.(坏事或错事的)责任;指责;责备
佳句背诵　
Don't always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes you yourself are to blame for it.(观点态度)
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。有时你自己该为此负责。
[点津]　be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式,该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
blame sb for... 因……而指责某人;把……归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事
be to blame (for sth) (为某事)承担责任;(因某事)该受责备
take/get the blame for... 对……负责;为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb/sth
把某事推到某人/某事上/归咎于某人/某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①These days you can see traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times.But it's hard 　　　　　　(blame) the parents.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②When getting along with others,we shouldn‘t always 　　　　　　 　 .
After all,many times 　　　　　 　　.So instead of　 　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　,we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. 当和他人相处时,我们不应该总是因错误而指责他人。毕竟,很多时候我们也应该受到责备。因此,我们应该多交流、换位思考,而不是把错误归咎于其他人。(建议信)
to blame
blame others for mistakes
we are also to blame
blaming mistakes
on others/putting the blame for mistakes on others
4.annoyed adj.烦恼的,生气的(angry/cross)→annoy vt.使恼怒;使生气→
annoyance n.生气;烦恼;令人烦恼的事→annoying adj.使烦恼的;使恼怒的
佳句背诵　
Mother was annoyed with me for lying to her about my grades.(情绪描写)
妈妈对我在成绩上对她说谎很生气。
be annoyed with sb 对某人生气
be annoyed about/at sth 为某事生气
What annoys sb most is that... 最让某人生气的是……
to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①I was annoyed 　　　　　　him 　　　　　　his 　　　　　　(annoy) rude table manners.
②使我生气的是,我和我的搭档总是在很多方面存在分歧,我不知道怎么才能改善这种状况。 (2022·浙江1月卷)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation.(annoyance)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　　 I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation.(annoyed)
with
about/at
annoying
To my annoyance
What annoyed me was that/What made me annoyed was that
5.relate vi.& vt.相联系,有关联(associate);叙述,讲述,讲(故事)→related adj.有联系
的→relation n.联系;关联
佳句背诵　
For another, I have accumulated related experience by working part-time in a travel agency, accompanying some foreign tourists.(申请信)
另一方面,我通过在旅行社兼职,陪同一些外国游客积累了相关经验。
These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
这些场景可能绘制于数百年前,但它们记录了我们都能感同身受的瞬间。
relate...to...　 把……和……联系起来
relate to　 涉及;和……相关;谈到;理解
(be) related to　 有关系的;有关联的
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is claimed that the “new four great inventions” are all related
　 　China's high-tech innovations.
to
②Not only can our head teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　but also he can constantly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(人物介绍)
我们的班主任不仅能理解我们学生,而且他还能不断地将我们正在学习的东西与现实世界联系起来。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I am greatly convinced
that I will be incredibly qualified for the position.(申请信)
由于有丰富的相关经验,我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。
relate to us students
relate what we are studying to the real world
With so much related experience
Knowing that I failed in the final exam, my mother was very annoyed and blamed me for not working hard.I went to my room silently and switched off the light, weeping under the quilt.Thinking it over, I could relate to my mother.I decided to decrease the time in playing computer games and work much harder.
6.claim vt.声称;断言;主张;夺去(生命)n.声称;(根据权力而提出的) 要求
佳句背诵　
It is claimed that humour not only affects patients' moods,but can actually help them recover faster.(建议信)
据称,幽默不仅能影响病人的情绪,而且实际上能帮助他们更快地康复。
make a claim　 声称;断言;索赔
claim to do...　 声称做……
It is claimed that...　 据称……
以练促学　猜测词义/单句语法填空
①Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years. 　　　　　　
②He should make 　　　　　　claim on his house insurance for storm destruction.
③Nobody has claimed 　　　　　　(take) the blame for the gas leakage.

vt.夺去(生命)
a
to take
7.die out消失;绝迹,灭绝
佳句背诵　
This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
(环境保护)
因其栖息地正受到破坏,这一物种已濒于灭绝。
wipe out　 彻底毁灭,消灭
put out　 扑灭;扔掉;摆好;生产;出版
work out　 解决;算出
set out　 开始做某事,着手进行
turn out　 结果是
以练促学　用“动词+out”短语填空
①The disease threatens to 　　　　　　　the entire population.
②It 　　　　　　that the maths problem was difficult,but my partner and I decided to 　　　　　　it 　　　　　　.
③Fortunately,most smokers are supportive and 　　　　　　their cigarettes when we ask them to, but some smokers could become quite violent.
wipe out
turned out
work
out
put out
8.stressed out疲惫不堪;焦虑不安→stressed adj.焦虑不安的→stress n.压力
vt.强调 →stressful adj.压力重的;紧张的
佳句背诵　
When you are stressed out, you can jump rope, which is a great way to relieve stress and improve your mood.(建议信;2024·浙江1月卷)
当你压力大的时候,你可以跳绳,这是一种很好的缓解压力和改善情绪的方法。
Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
人在压力之下,办事情就容易出差错。
under stress 在压力之下
lay/place/put stress on/upon... 强调……
以练促学　单句写作/语段训练
①I can't 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　ocean conservation too much.(海洋保护;2022·全国甲卷)
我怎么强调海洋保护的重要性都不为过。
②Faced with 　　　　　　　　　　　 　,so anxious was I that I was on pins
and needles.Sensing I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,my teacher patted me on the shoulder,comforting and encouraging me.(情绪+动作描写;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 面对这样一个巨大的挑战,我非常焦虑,感觉如坐针毡。老师感觉到我压力很大,就拍了拍我的肩膀,安慰和鼓励我。
lay/place/put stress on/upon the significance of/stress the significance of
such a stressful challenge
was under stress/stressed (out)
9.sum up总结;概括
佳句背诵　
The story may be summed up in one sentence: Hard work can make up for a lack of ability.
这个故事可以用一句话来概括:勤能补拙。
make up 弥补;构成;编造;和解
make up for 补偿,弥补
turn up 开大;出现
go up 上升;上涨
set up 设立;建立
take up 开始从事;占据(时间、空间等);拿起
add up 加起来;总计
以练促学　用“动词+up”短语填空/单句写作
①With the price of houses 　　　　　　,I have no alternative but to
　 　　a part-time job in a company that 　　　　　　　　　　by my friends three years ago.
going up
take up
was set up
②I have great difficulty 　　　　　　　these numbers,so could you please give me a hand
③Once my mother 　　　　　　　　　　,I swallowed my pride,rushed to her and said sorry to her,trying to 　　　　　　　　　　with her.(动作链)
我妈妈一出现,我就抑制住自己的骄傲,冲到她身边向她道歉,试图和她和好。
adding up
turned up
make up
A research has claimed that many species are dying out. This news makes me feel extremely worried and stressed out. I feel an urgent need to appeal to people to save the endangered species. We should take practical actions, such as protecting their habitats from being destroyed and reducing pollution that harms them. To sum up, we should try our best to protect the environment.
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①But if you're just watching, we'd like to ask you to stay in one spot to reduce traffic jams.(2024·全国甲卷) 　　　　　
②Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.(全国Ⅰ卷) 　　　　　
③I watched for the desert sunsets,and hunted for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago. 　　　　　
④What trick are those children hatching 　　　　　
⑤You're going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back.
　　　　 　
n.堵塞
n.纪念碑
vi.寻找
vt.策划
vt.抑制 (感情、言语)
A.vt.转换;开关　B.n.开关 C.n.转换,转变
①He pulls out a special device,points it at the suspect,and switches it on.(天津7月卷) 　　　　　
②Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch,but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. (2023·浙江1月卷) 　 　　　　
③He snatched up the receiver and his free hand reached for the switch on the bedside lamp. 　　　　　
A
2.选出switch的汉语意思
　　　　　
C
B
3.选出regular的汉语意思
A.adj.符合规定的;正当的　B.adj.定期的,有规律的　C.n.常客
①We all know that regular exercise is important,but few of us know how to exercise properly.(2023·浙江1月卷) 　　　　　
②A period is the regular ending for a sentence. 　　　　　
③She was displeased with absolutely everything,nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”. 　　　　　

B
A
C
4.选出claim的汉语意思
B
A.n.索赔　B.vt.声称　C.vt.夺去,生命 D.vt.认领
①It is claimed that the red dragon is a positive symbol,indicating strength and a sense of national identity. 　　　　　
②The police say that if no one claims the watch,you can keep it. 　　　　　
③The company has made a claim for damages caused by the delay of delivery.
　　　　　
④It is reported that the hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives.
　　　　　
D
A
C
5.根据上下文写出mass的词性和词义
I like travelling by train.There is no doubt that trains provide cheap travel for the ①masses.Yesterday, when I went to the train station to catch a train in a hurry, there was a ②mass of cloud in the sky and it seemed as if it was going to rain.But as I arrived at the train station, I was surprised to find that ③masses of fans were waiting for a super star anxiously outside the train station.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①n.群众,民众　②n.团,块,堆　③n.许多,大量
1.句型公式:It is/was+adj.+that从句
课本原句:It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth,including animals and plants.
显然,人类的活动已经对包括动物和植物在内的地球上所有其他的物种产生了负面的影响。
佳句背诵　
It is certain that all students will benefit a lot from your speech.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
可以肯定的是,所有的学生都会从你的演讲中获益良多。
(1)该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的从句,that只起连接作用,不能省略。可用于该句型的形容词有:clear,obvious,well-known,true, possible, necessary,natural,important等。
(2)it作形式主语的其他句式:
·It is+名词(a pity,a shame,an honor,one's duty,no wonder...)+that从句
·It is+过去分词(said,reported,believed,suggested,proved...)+that从句
·It+不及物动词(appear,seem,turn out...)+that从句
以练促学　单句写作
①　　　　　　　　　　　　 changes in transportation will bring great changes to people's lives. (科技发展;2024·全国甲卷)
很明显,交通方式的改变将给人们的生活带来巨大的变化。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.(景点介绍) 众所周知,长城是世界七大奇迹之一。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
when it comes to English learning.(短文投稿;2022·全国乙卷)
结果证明,在英语学习方面,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。
It is obvious that
It is well known that
It turns out that students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones
2.句型公式:without引导含蓄虚拟条件句
课本原句:Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
假如没有森林,我们就没有可以呼吸的空气;没有干净的水,我们就无法生存。
佳句背诵　
Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat,the earth would be freezing cold at night,too cold for us to live on.
如果没有空气保存太阳的热量,晚上地球将会非常寒冷,冷得我们无法生存。
I was rather anxious when I found my wallet gone. My student card, meal card and bank card were all in the wallet, with out which I would get into trouble.
我发现我的钱包不见了时,我十分焦虑。我的学生卡、饭卡和银行卡都在钱包里,没有它我就会遇到麻烦。
(1)句中without引导含蓄虚拟条件句,相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句,如果表示与现在或将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”;如果表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词则用“would/could/might have+过去分词”。
(2)引导含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用but for,otherwise,or,but等。
以练促学　单句写作/一句多译
①Without setbacks, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
如果没有挫折,我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。
②But for this experience,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　.
要不是这次经历,我就不会意识到我应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。
our life would not be filled with wonderful stories
wouldn’t have realized that I should spend more time with my family
③如果没有分发的食物,这些无家可归的人可能会饿一整晚,并且失去生活的希望。
(2022·浙江6月卷)
→Without distributed food,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 　　　.
→These homeless people got distributed food.Otherwise, 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
these homeless people might have starved the whole night and lost hope of life
they might have starved the whole night and lost hope of life
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　核心知识运用
1.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting 　　　　　　(endanger) species across the ridges and valleys. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.This is why Campbell has set out to raise 　　　　　　(aware) of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
3.In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected 　　　　　 (billion) of records.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
endangered
awareness
billions
4.We were 　　　　　　(stick) in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
5.They should also prepare plenty of 　　　　　　(reuse) bags to carry their “new” clothes home. (2021·全国甲卷)
6.Embarrassed and a little 　　　　　　　 (annoy),I fled to my room,but Mom stopped me. (2021·浙江1月卷)
7.The 　　　　　　(destroy) caused by the natural disaster left the town in ruins.
stuck
reusable
annoyed
destruction
8.The 　　　　　　(urgent) of the situation requires that we should make an immediate decision.
9.After being rejected as a fashion designer,the young man switched
　 　environment conversation.
10.You are required to sum 　　　　　　the main idea of the passage with a maximum,rather than a minimum of 6 words.

urgency
to
up
维度二　单句写作
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the manager of the café shop was waiting for me to leave. (It is/was+adj.+that从句)
　很明显,咖啡店的老板正在等着我离开。
2.Without the encouraging cheers from the audience,　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(虚拟语气)
　要不是观众鼓舞人心的欢呼,我们队不可能赢得比赛。
It was obvious that
our team couldn’t
have won such a match
3.The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 what it was ten years ago. (倍数表达法)
　这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在,我们新学校的面积比10年前大三倍。
4.And the fifth event,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
caused the death of the dinosaurs. (定语从句)
　6 600万年前发生第五次灭绝事件导致了恐龙的灭亡。
three times larger than
which occurred 66 million years ago
5.There is a long list of reasons 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　:
air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. (定语从句)
　这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多:空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。
why so many species are dying out
维度三　单元知识拾遗
1.Mary 　 　　　　her mother and now she 　　　　　　　　see her mother.
　玛丽为母亲担忧,并且她现在急于想见到母亲。
2.Some 　　　　　　　　 are likely to disappear if we don't
　　　　　　　　　to protect them.
　如果我们不采取行动进行保护,一些濒危物种可能会消失。
is anxious for
is anxious to
endangered species
take action
3.We human beings are supposed to 　　　　　　　　　extinct or endangered species,so we must 　　　　　　　　　　 in wildlife conservation.
　我们人类应该为灭绝或濒临灭绝的物种承担责任,所以我们必须在野生动物保护中尽自己的一份力量。
4.Changes in 　　　　　　　　　　　have 　　　　　　　　　employment in the area.
　耕作方法的改变严重影响了这个地区的就业。
5. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of the air pollution is the carbon monoxide from the cars.
　汽车产生的一氧化碳是空气污染的主要原因之一。
take the blame for
do our part
farming methods
badly affected
One of the major causes
6.Because of wearing earphones,many teenagers 　　　　　　　　　　hearing loss.
　由于佩戴耳机,许多青少年都面临听力丧失的危险。
　7.She earned 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 by selling mobile phones.
　她靠卖手机赚了一大笔钱。
8.Good teachers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the age of their pupils.
　好老师使其课程适合学生的年龄。
are at risk of
a large sum of money
suit their lessons to
9.This is a collective responsibility; all of us　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
　这是一个需要集体承担的责任,我们大家都可以发挥作用。
10.When 　　　　　　on a long walk,you should always 　　　　　　　　 .
　出门远行时,你应该穿合适的鞋子。
have a role to play
setting out
wear suitable shoes
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(倡议书——保护环境)
　　假设你是红星中学校学生会主席李华。为了提高学生的环保意识,请你给校英文报写一封倡议书,内容包括:
1.环境现状;
2.提出倡议。
根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作
第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达
①众所周知,由于栖息地的丧失和气候变化,一些物种的数量正在迅速减少,一些物种即将灭绝。 (species,decrease,die out)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②如果没有这些物种的多样性,世界将失去丰富多彩的色彩。
(without短语引导含蓄虚拟语气,variety)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
As we all know, the population of some species is decreasing rapidly and some species are dying out due to the habitat loss and climate change.
Without the variety of these species, the world would lose colorfulness.
③该是我们采取紧急措施保护这些濒危物种的时候了。(It is high time that...,urgent,endangered)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
④一些人建议使用清洁能源,而另一些人则建议回收利用并减少我们产生的废物量。 (while连接并列句,recycle)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
It is high time that we took urgent measures to protect these endangered species.
Some people propose the use of clean energy while others suggest recycling and reducing the amount of waste we produce.
⑤恢复它们的栖息地需要很长时间。 (It takes sb some time to do...)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑥我认为我们每个人都有责任保护环境。只有我们都尽自己的一份力,我们才能创造一个更美丽的环境。 (have a role,do one's part)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

It will take a long time to restore their habitats.
I think we all have a role to play in protecting the environment.Only if we all do our part can we create a more beautiful environment.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)
As we all know, the population of some species is decreasing rapidly and some species are dying out due to the habitat loss and climate change.Without the variety of these species, the world would lose colorfulness.So it is high time that we took urgent measures to protect these endangered species.Some people propose the use of clean energy while others suggest recycling and reducing the amount of waste we produce.It will take a long time to restore their habitats.I think we all have a role to play in protecting the environment.Only if we all do our part can we create a more beautiful environment.
Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 wonder v.　　想知道,好奇
total v. 总数达,总计
excited adj. 激动的,兴奋的
amazed adj. 惊奇的,惊讶的
create v. 创造,创建
accomplish v. 完成,实现
词 块 be overflowing with　充满
raise funds 筹集资金
people from all over the country 来自全国各地的人们
美 句 1.I was so excited and totally amazed at the amount of money that I had raised.我对自己筹到的钱的数量感到非常兴奋和惊讶。
2.Then, just when I had achieved what I thought was my highest goal, I created a Web page to tell other people how to organize a fund-raiser like the one that I did.　然后,就在我达到我认为的最高目标时,我创建了一个网页,告诉其他人如何组织像我这样的筹款活动。
3.People from all over the country began to call me to find out how to raise funds to help dogs in their areas.
全国各地的人们开始打电话给我,想知道如何筹集资金来帮助他们地区的狗。
2.续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:“我”读到一篇关于野狗Solo因缺乏医疗救助而丧生的故事→“我”联想到自家的狗Kela→“我”决定组织募捐来帮助更多的狗→妈妈觉得这件事对一个11岁的小女孩来说很难,但她表示支持→“我”把募捐箱放在了宠物店→“我”的行为被当地记者报道→几天后“我”准备查看募捐款……
场景续写1:“我”去收钱的时候,真的很紧张→担心没有集到钱→打开募捐箱后“我”看到里面装满了钱→“我”非常激动,难以置信
【参考范文】
I was really nervous when I finally went to collect the money. Would there be anything in the boxes I wondered.I really wasn’t sure that I could raise enough money.But when I collected the first box, I couldn’t believe my eyes.The box was practically overflowing with dollar bills! It totaled over three thousand dollars! I was so excited and totally amazed at the amount of money that I had raised.I couldn’t believe it!
I realized many people feel the same way as I did but didn’t know how to help. Then, just when I had achieved what I thought was my highest goal, I created a Web page to tell other people how to organize a fund raiser like the one that I did.People from all over the country began to call me to find out how to raise funds to help dogs in their areas.It was a lot of hard work but I learned that if you just keep going, you can accomplish anything.
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2024·全国甲卷)
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
真题再做
24.What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph
A.It's a survival skill.
B.It's taught by mother cats.
C.It's hard to interpret.
D.It's getting louder with age.
√
25.How does a pet cat assess different situations
A.By listening for sounds.
B.By touching familiar objects.
C.By checking on smells.
D.By communicating with other cats.
√
26.Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
A.Perform appropriately.
B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely.
D.Do better.
√
27.What is a suitable title for the text
A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C.Have Fun with Your Cat
D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
√
思维建模
词义猜测题——利用转折关系猜测词义
第一步 阅读题干,找到画线部分对应的段落
第二步 在同一句或同一段中找到转折词
第三步 读懂上下文,根据画线词的前后句之间的转折关系来猜测画线词的词义
以例示法
如26题,画线部分前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯而闻名,且画线部分前有表示转折关系的连词but;下文介绍了猫的行为,它们会将在外面找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意,并且最后一段倒数第二句提到了“These adorable little hunters”,由此可推知,与狗相比,猫更擅长“去取物品来表达对主人的喜爱”。故画线短语所在部分表明猫将这种行为提到了一个更高的层次,它们在取物方面做得更好,故D项正确。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
1.distinct /d st kt/ adj. 有区别的,不同的 2.vocalization / v k la ze n/ n. 发声 3.affection / fek n/ n. 喜爱,关爱 4.stretch /stret / v. 拉长,变长 5.heighten / ha tn/ v. 提高,升高 6.assess / ses/ v. 评价,评定 7.specific /sp s f k/ adj. 明确的,具体的 8.distinguish /d st ɡw / v. 区分,辨别,分清 9.fetch /fet / v. 去拿,去取,去接 10.adorable / d r bl/ adj. 可爱的,讨人喜欢的 1.scare away　　　　　　　　把……吓跑
2.look for shelter 寻找庇护
3.bring...to life 使……生动起来
4.get the mother's attention引起妈妈的注意
5.sense of smell 嗅觉
6.look out for any signs of danger
留心任何危险的迹象
析 长 难 语 句 That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately...;why引导　　　从句;if引导使用了虚拟语气的
　　　　　　从句;which引导　　　　　　　　从句。
[尝试翻译]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　
表语
条件状语
非限制性定语
这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断它们的主人是否在其他猫的周围(待过),而它们通常不喜欢这样(自己的主人在其他猫的周围待过)。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·郑州高三质量预测)
Wildlife conservation programs are a great way to get involved in the preservation of endangered species,as well as learn how you can help protect them.If you are a wildlife lover,here are some programs you can choose.
·Animal Rescue Project,South Africa
You will be working with experienced conservationists in Cape Town.A significant challenge is to find new homes for homeless dogs and cats.The project comprises two sections: a fully equipped animal hospital and an adoption center focusing on securing new homes.Due to limited funding,the center can only afford a small number of permanent staff,relying heavily on wildlife lovers to assist with daily tasks and provide hands-on care for these animals.
·Turtle Conservation Project,Sri Lanka
Recent years have witnessed a significant decline in the sea turtle’s numbers due to numerous commercial fishing.As a wildlife lover,your role extends to supporting hatcheries (孵化场) in their conservation efforts.Additionally,your involvement helps these hatcheries with funds,as we provide a placement fee for each wildlife lover,enabling them to generate additional income.
·Wildlife Conservation Program,Australia
You will be engaged in activities such as animal feeding,cleaning, maintenance,and enrichment.This program provides an incredible opportunity to gain first-hand international work experience.For you,this program is an excellent choice.Not only will you contribute to a noble cause,but it also offers a fantastic opportunity to meet people from around the world.
·Marine Conservation Program,Bali
You will be working in Tianyar,where the reef is now in a worsening state.The project was initiated to restore and conserve Tianyar’s coral reef,not only to protect its remarkable and delicate ecosystems but also to secure a sustainable future for the residents.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个野生生物保护项目。
1.What problem does the adoption center meet with
A.Insufficient equipment.
B.Insecure surroundings.
C.Shortage of shelters.
D.Lack of hands.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据Animal Rescue Project,South Africa部分中的“Due to limited funding...relying heavily on wildlife lovers to assist with daily tasks”可知,收养中心面临资金有限这一问题,以至于无法招收足够数量的长期工,只得大量依赖野生动物爱好者来帮忙做日常事务等,故选D项。
2.Which program will offer financial assistance
A.Animal Rescue Project,South Africa.
B.Turtle Conservation Project,Sri Lanka.
C.Wildlife Conservation Program,Australia.
D.Marine Conservation Program,Bali.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据Turtle Conservation Project,Sri Lanka部分中的“your involvement helps these hatcheries with funds...enabling them to generate additional income”可知,Turtle Conservation Project,Sri Lanka为每一个野生动物爱好者提供安置费,使他们能够产生额外的收入,故选B项。
3.What is the main purpose of the text
A.To promote program cooperation.
B.To advocate restoring ecosystems.
C.To introduce endangered species protection.
D.To encourage engagement with wildlife preservation.
√
解析　写作意图题。根据第一段“Wildlife conservation programs are...here are some programs you can choose.”可知,野生动物保护项目是参与濒危物种保护的好方法,本文通过介绍保护濒危物种的几个项目,来鼓励野生生物爱好者参与野生生物保护,故选D项。
(2025·长郡中学高三适应性考试)
Concrete has served as the foundation stone of the construction industry for hundreds of years.However,the process of producing concrete is one of the most environmentally unfriendly processes in the world.In the process,not only is carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) released into the air by the energy used to heat the limestone,but the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.
Luckily,a number of start-ups throughout the world are using creative thinking to make the construction industry a whole lot more friendly for the planet.
A Canadian company called CarbonCure,has found a way to inject (注射) concrete with carbon dioxide itself.Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete,keeping it from running away into the atmosphere,but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate,which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used.
California-based Brimstone,is creating carbon negative concrete by doing away with limestone entirely and instead using silicate rock,a material that does not release carbon dioxide when heated.Instead,the process produces magnesium (镁), which absorbs carbon dioxide,as the basis for their concrete.
Additionally,researchers at Australia’s RMIT University have recently released a study showing that adding coffee grounds instead of sand to concrete could make it much stronger,reducing both the amount of sand used,as well as the amount of concrete that would need to be used in the final product.
The biggest barrier at this point is convincing members of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used,according to Stacy Smedley,director of a non-profit organization focusing on decarbonizing construction.
Hopefully these new solutions to the environmental problems of concrete will soon be widely adopted.Given the significant part the construction industry has in releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,great improvements can be made when more environmentally-friendly materials are used.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了混凝土的生产过程造成极大的环境污染。世界各地的一些初创企业正在利用创造性思维使建筑行业对地球更加友好,并介绍了生产混凝土的新方法。
4.What is the environmental issue associated with traditional concrete production
A.The high demand for energy.
B.The processing of waste materials.
C.The mass release of carbon dioxide.
D.The use of non-renewable resources.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段介绍的传统混凝土生产过程中的相关情况,即“In the process,not only is carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)released...the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.”可知,与传统混凝土生产相关的环境问题是生产过程会向空气中释放大量的二氧化碳,故选C项。
5.How does CarbonCure deal with the environmental impact of concrete
production
A.By using silicate rock as the basis.
B.By putting carbon dioxide into concrete.
C.By replacing sand with coffee grounds.
D.By absorbing carbon dioxide with magnesium.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A Canadian company called CarbonCure,has found a way to inject(注射)concrete with carbon dioxide itself.”可知,公司CarbonCure采用向混凝土本身注入二氧化碳的方法。B选项中的“putting carbon dioxide into concrete”是文章中的“inject (注射)concrete with carbon dioxide itself”的同义转换,故选B项。
6.According to Smedley,what is the major challenge facing these solutions
A.Difficulty in making profits.
B.Convincing the public of the convenience.
C.Lack of funding for research.
D.Removing the industry members’ safety concern.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The biggest barrier at this point is convincing...are safe to be used”可知,Smedley认为目前最大的障碍是让业内人士相信新型混凝土是可以安全使用的。选项中的“the major challenge”是第六段中的“The biggest barrier”的同义转换,故选D项。
7.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To promote an alternative to concrete.
B.To advocate environmental protection.
C.To introduce new ways to produce concrete.
D.To emphasize the significance of creativity.
√
解析　写作意图题。文章第一段介绍了传统混凝土生产的问题,第二段引出下文对生产混凝土新方法的介绍,最后一段中提到“Hopefully these new solutions...will soon be widely adopted.”,即“希望这些解决混凝土环境问题的新方法能很快被广泛采用”。由此可推出,作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍生产混凝土的新方法,故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·济南高三针对性训练)
Orange chicken,salt and pepper chips,fried rice...Max Burns lists several typical Western-style Chinese dishes that 　1　 him.For Burns who spent his childhood in China,those cuisines are far from 　2　.They are invented to satisfy Western preferences.
Actually,many Westerners regard that particular type of 　3　 as the whole of Chinese cuisine.The average Westerners are not as 　4　 and educated as they could be.That is why he tries to show Chinese food by making vlogs about 　5　 Chinese dishes at home.
The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an 　6　 with over three million subscribers worldwide today and helped 　7　 some people’s ideas about Chinese food.His friends told him they were shocked by the 　8　 of Chinese cuisine and it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine.
　9　,when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 after returning to England,cooking Chinese food at home was a then “　10　 idea”,because he was never into cooking.At the time,the 　11　 centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture.However,when Burns couldn’t 　12　 outside because of the weather,he had to learn to cook.“Then I instantly fell in love,”he 　13　.“The more I learned about Chinese cooking,the more I got into it.”
The cooking journey also helps Burns maintain his 　14　 with China,even though he has left China for years.Burns 　15　 the experiences of living in China,enabling him to teach about Chinese cuisine and build a cross-cultural bridge between the East and the West.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Burns通过分享自己制作中式菜肴的视频博客经历,不仅成了拥有大量粉丝的网络红人,还让英国人对中国菜有了更好的了解,并加深了他自己与中国文化的联系。
1.A.attract B.disappoint C.puzzle D.scare
√
解析　根据下文中的“Burns who spent his childhood in China”可知,Burns是在中国长大的,这些典型的西式中餐使Burns很是失望。disappoint“使失望”;puzzle“迷惑,使困惑”;scare“惊吓,使害怕,使恐惧”,故选B项。
2.A.nutritious B.simple C.genuine D.organic
√
解析　根据空后的“They are invented to satisfy Western preferences.”可知,这些菜都是发明出来满足西方人偏好的,由此可见,这些菜并不是正宗的中国菜。nutritious“有营养的,营养丰富的”;genuine“真的,名副其实的”;organic“有机的”,故选C项。
3.A.material B.dessert C.restaurant D.fare
√
解析　上文中提到了“several typical Western-style Chinese dishes”,因此,该空指的正是这类菜,需要用到“饭菜”的意思,故选fare。fare在此处为熟词生义的用法。material“材料”;dessert“甜品”,故选D项。
4.A.motivated B.treated C.informed D.recognized
√
解析　根据上文中的“many Westerners regard that particular type of 　　　　as the whole of Chinese cuisine”可知,西方人对中国的饮食认识很有局限性。由此可见,他们对中国饮食并不是那么了解。motivated“积极的,有动机的”;treated“被款待的”;informed“见多识广的”;recognized“被认可的”,故选C项。
5.A.making B.ordering C.serving D.ranking
√
解析　根据下文中的“cooking Chinese food at home”可知,Burns在家拍摄做(making)中国菜的视频。rank“排列,使排成行”,故选A项。
6.A.influencer B.amateur C.employer D.organizer
√
解析　根据上文中的“making vlogs”和空后的“with over three million subscribers worldwide today”可知,Burns通过拍摄在家做中国菜的视频,成了一个有着三百多万粉丝的有影响力的人(influencer)。amateur“业余爱好者,业余运动员”;employer“雇主”;organizer“组织者”,故选A项。
7.A.consider B.assess C.overlook D.shift
√
解析　根据上文中的“many Westerners regard that particular type of 　　　　as the whole of Chinese cuisine”和空后的“it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine”可知,Burns的视频改变了(shift)一些人对中国菜的认识。assess“评估,评定(性质、质量)”;overlook“忽略,未注意到,俯视”;shift“改变观点”,故选D项。
8.A.diversity B.significance C.popularity D.impact
√
解析　根据空后的“it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine”可知,Burns的朋友们需要花很长时间才能弄懂中国菜的类别。由此可见,Burns的朋友们对中国菜的多样性(diversity)感到震惊。significance“意义,重要性”;popularity“普及,受欢迎”;impact“影响”,故选A项。
9.A.Consequently B.Interestingly C.Ultimately D.Obviously
√
解析　上文讲到了Burns通过拍摄做中国菜的视频成为有影响力的人,而当他返回英国做中国菜时,“he was never into cooking”(他从不喜欢做饭)。由此可见,这是一件有意思的事情。consequently“因此”;ultimately“最终,最后”;obviously“明显地”,故选B项。
10.A.negative B.practical C.stupid D.brilliant
√
解析　根据空后的原因状语从句“because he was never into cooking”可知,他从不喜欢做饭。因此,在当时,在家做中国菜是一个愚蠢的(stupid)想法。negative“消极的,负面的”;practical“实际的,切实可行的”;brilliant“巧妙的,使人印象深的”,故选C项。
11.A.courses B.surveys C.tests D.videos
√
解析　根据上文中的“when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 after returning to England”可知,此处讲的是2016年Burns首次进入视频市场时的情况:当时的视频(videos)更多的是在介绍中国文化。course“课程,进程,一道菜”;survey“民意调查”;test“测试”,故选D项。
12.A.dine B.film C.exercise D.work
√
解析　根据空后的“because of the weather,he had to learn to cook”可知,由于天气,他不得不学习做饭。据此可以推断,Burns不得不学习做饭,是因为他没有办法外出吃饭(dine),故选A项。
13.A.defends B.recalls C.comments D.responds
√
解析　根据空前的“Then I instantly fell in love”可知,此处讲的是Burns对最初做饭的情况的回忆。defend“保卫,防守,(为……)辩护”;recall“回忆起,回想起,使想到”;comment“评论”;respond“回答”,故选B项。
14.A.business B.argument C.difference D.connection
√
解析　根据空后的让步状语从句“even though he has left China for years”可知,即使他已经离开中国多年了,但是做饭之旅仍让他与中国保持联系(connection)。argument“争论,争吵,争辩,辩论,论据”,故选D项。
15.A.imagines B.evaluates C.appreciates D.describes
√
解析　根据空后的“enabling him to teach about Chinese cuisine and build a cross-cultural bridge between the East and the West”可知,在中国的生活经历让Burns能够教做中国菜,并在东西方之间建立一座跨文化的桥梁。由此可见,他很感激(appreciates)这段经历。imagine“想象”;evaluate“估计,评价,评估”;appreciate“感激,欣赏”;describe“描述”,故选C项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·石家庄高三质量检测)
Dunhuang used to be a major stop along the Silk Road,but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.
Those interested 1.　　　　　　 Dunhuang’s colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves,one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 2.　　　　　　(block) by a locked door,which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 3.　　　　　　(size) —from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings,which,upon their discovery,drew much
4.　　　　　　(attend) to the area.
Also,there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise. 5.　　　　　　(catch) this incredible scene,you must rise early.It’s bitterly cold.But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘)and paints a
6.　　　　　　(true) picturesque scene,all your efforts pay off.Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride.Get off the camels 7.　　　　　　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking the Crescent Lake.From this position,
8.　　　　　　(regard) as the best one,the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring.
No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,
9.　　　　　　 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive, 10.　　　　　　(contain)many original artworks.Here,you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌这一旅游胜地的历史、文化和自然景观。
1.in　[考查介词。考查固定短语be interested in,故填in。]
2.is blocked　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。空处所在句为主从复合句,which引导定语从句,主句缺谓语动词;此处描述客观情况,故用一般现在时;主语The entrance与block是被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语是第三人称单数,故填is blocked。]
3.sizes　[考查名词的数。根据空前的all和空后的“from very small to absolutely huge”可知,此处应用名词复数,表示不止一个尺寸,故填sizes。]
4.attention　[考查词性转换。空前有much修饰,并结合常用表达draw attention to“吸引对……的注意力”可知,应该用不可数名词作drew的宾语,故填attention。]
5.To catch　[考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处为非谓语动词短语作目的状语,应用动词不定式,注意句首要首字母大写,故填To catch。]
6.truly　[考查词性转换。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正古色古香的场景”;空后picturesque“古色古香的”是形容词,应用副词修饰,故填truly。]
7.and　[考查并列连词。本句是祈使句,get off和walk up两个动词短语并列且表顺承,故填and。]
8.regarded　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处构成非谓语动词短语作定语修饰position,position与regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填 regarded。]
9.where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Dunhuang Museum,且指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。应用关系副词,故填where。]
10.containing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”,和主语The museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式,故填containing。]
单 词 聚 焦 1.preservation / prez ve n/ n.保护;维护;保存
2.endangered / n de nd d/ adj.(动植物)濒危的
3.conservationist / k ns ve n st/ n.环境保护主义者
4.significant /s ɡ n f k nt/ adj.有重大意义的;显著的
5.comprise /k m pra z/ v.包括;包含;由……组成
6.witness / w tn s/ v.是发生……的地点(或时间、组织等);见证
7.cause /k z/ v.引起,造成n.(支持或为之奋斗的)事业
8.initiate / n ie t/ v.开始;发起;创始 9.foundation /fa n de n/ n.基础
10.release /r li s/ v.释放
11.creative /kri e t v/ adj.创造(性)的 12.basis / be s s/ n.基础,要素;原因,缘由
13.barrier / b ri (r)/ n.障碍,阻力,关卡 14.convince /k n v ns/ v.使相信;说服
15.adopt / d pt/ v.采用(某方法)
16.subscriber /s b skra b / n.订购者,订阅人,订户;消费者
17.category / k t ɡ ri/ n.种类,范畴 18.priceless / pra sl s/ adj.无价的
19.picturesque / p kt resk/ adj.(地方)古雅的,风景如画的
20.overlook / v l k/ v.忽视,忽略;眺望,俯瞰
词 块 积 累 1.get involved in参与,涉及　　　　　　　　　
2.give out发出(声音、光等)
3.a huge amount of大量的
4.a whole lot非常,很
5.do away with废除,取消,结束
6.figure out弄清楚,弄明白;解决;计算出
7.enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事
8.a fascinating tourist destination迷人的旅游胜地
9.pay off取得成功;还清(债);给清工资后遣散
10.be bound to do sth注定会做某事,必然会做某事
长 难 句 式 1.Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete,keeping it from running away into the atmosphere,but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate,which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used.
[分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete...but it also creates a super strong material...。keeping it from running away into the atmosphere为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语;called calcium carbonate为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语,修饰material;which引导非限制性定语从句;that引导定语从句。
[译文]　这不

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