资源简介

Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.vitamin n.　　　　　　 维生素
2.labour saving adj. 节省劳力的
3.microscope n. 显微镜
4.correspond vi. 通信
5.satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
6.particle n. 粒子,质点
7.premier adj. 最好的;最重要的
8.subsequently adv. 后来,随后
9.relativity n. 相对性
10.mould n. 霉,霉菌
11.penicillin n. 青霉素,盘尼西林
12.navy n. 海军
13.missile n. 导弹,飞弹
14.physicist n. 物理学家
15.tube n. 圆管,管子;电视显像管,阴极射线管
16.circuit n. 电路,线路;环形道路
17.coincidence n. 运气;巧合
18.incubation n. 孵化
19.PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n. 博士学位
20.cosmology n. 宇宙论,宇宙学
21.kettle n. 水壶,壶
22.revolution n. 彻底变革,革命
23.fibre n. (木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
24.mechanical adj. 机械的
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.health and well being 健康和幸福
2.garbage gathering device 垃圾收集装置
3.how to split the atom 如何分裂原子
4.this outspoken young man 这个直言不讳的年轻男子
5.constant change and adjustment 不断的变化和调整
6.the finding of a recent survey 最近一项调查的发现
7.an biologist who studies insects 一位研究昆虫的生物学家
8.perceive the world differently 用不同的方式感知世界
9.millions of people 数百万人
10.remain humble 保持谦虚
11.the amazing outcome 惊人的结果
12.problems begin to emerge 问题开始出现
13.overcome the difficulty 克服困难
14.a grand design 宏伟计划
15.under the influence of gravity 在重力的影响下
16.the steam engine 蒸汽机
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.instant adj. 立刻的,马上的;即食的;速溶的
n.片刻;瞬间
①at that instant在那一刻
②instant coffee速溶咖啡
2.launch vt.发射;发动,发起,开始从事
n. (新产品)投入市场
①launch a satellite发射一颗卫星
②launch an attack 发起攻击
3.orbit n.轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行
①the earth’s orbit around the sun
地球环绕太阳的轨道
②orbit the moon 绕月球轨道运行
4.decline vi.减少,降低 vi.& vt.谢绝;婉言拒绝 n.下降;衰退
①a sharp decline in unemployment
失业率急剧下跌
②decline an invitation 婉言拒绝邀请
5.bonus n.意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
①receive an extra bonus收到一笔额外奖金
②an added bonus of the new job
这份新工作额外的好处
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.entertainment n.　 娱乐活动,娱乐节目
entertain vt. 招待;使快乐;娱乐
entertaining adj. 有趣的
2.gifted adj. 有天赋的,有才华的
gift n. 天赋;天才;才能;礼物
3.productive adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
produce vt. 生产
product n. 产品;产物
production n. 生产;产量
4.scientific adj. 科学(上)的
science n. 科学
scientist n. 科学家
5.donate vi.& vt. 捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献
donation n. 捐赠;捐赠物
donor n. 捐赠者
6.accuracy n. 准确性;精准度;正确,准确
accurate adj. 正确无误的;精确的;准确的
accurately adv. 准确地
7.joint adj. 联合的,共同的,共有的
join vt. 参加;加入
jointly adv. 共同地;联合地
8.efficiently adv. 有效率地,高效能地
efficiency n. 效率
efficient adj. 效率高的
inefficient adj. 效率低的
9.propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等)
proposal n. 提议;建议;求婚
10.clueless adj. 一无所知的,一窍不通的
clue n. 线索;提示
11.evaluation n. 评估,评价
evaluate vt. 评价;评估
12.theoretical adj. 理论的
theory n. 理论;学说
13.boil vi.& vt. (使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮
n. 沸腾
boiling adj. 很热的;炽热的
boiled adj. 煮沸的,煮熟的
14.improvement n. 改善,改进;改进之处
improve vt. 改善;改进
15.availability n. 可能性
available adj. 可利用的;可获得的
16.explode vi.& vt. (使)爆炸;急剧增长
explosion n. 爆炸
explosive adj. 易爆炸的
17.mass n. 大量,大宗;质量
adj. 大量的
massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的
18.sailor n. 水手,海员
sail vi. 航行;起航
sailing n. 帆船运动;航行
19.illustrate vt. 说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图
illustration n. 图表;图解;实例,示例
20.regulate vt. 控制,管理
regulation n. 规则;章程;管理
21.preserve vt. 保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护
n. 腌菜,果酱
preservation n. 维护;保存
22.specifically adv. 特定地,专门地
specific adj. 特有的;具体的;明确的
23.electric adj. 用电的,带电的,电动的
electrical adj. 电的;用电的
electronic adj. 电子的
electricity n. 电;电能
Ⅴ.短语词块
1.have sth on one’s hands 有某事要处理
2.range from...to... 范围从……到……
3.figure out 算出;弄懂;弄清楚
4.single out 挑选;挑出
5.turn to sb 向某人求助
6.go out 熄灭
7.be dedicated to doing sth 致力于做某事
8.be expected to do sth 被预计会做某事
9.be reduced to 减少到
10.reflect on 仔细考虑,反省
11.not to mention... 更不用说……
12.in a joint effort 在共同努力下
13.in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
14.send instant messages 发送即时信息
15.launch satellites into orbit 把人造卫星发射至轨道
16.make a discovery 发现
17.the world’s most influential scientists 世界上最有影响力的科学家
18.do research only rather than teach 只做研究而不用教学
19.put together all the ideas 汇集所有的想法
20. at the opening of the London 2012 Olympics 在2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century,you would have a real problem on your hands. (if引导虚拟条件句)
如果你必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项,这可不是件容易的事。
2....and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. (the way作先行词的定语从句)
……我们的通信方式也从写信变成了发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
3....it used so much energy that when it was turned on,the lights in the local town went out! (so...that...引导结果状语从句)
……它消耗如此多的电量,以至于当它启动的时候,当地所有的灯都熄灭了!
4.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”,with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests. (with+宾语+done)
不同国家因共同利益而连接起来,使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。
5.Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control). [not just...but (also)...]
霍金出名,不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出工作,还因为他克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
6.This hole led to another universe,completely separate from our own. [形容词(短语)作状语]
这种洞通向另一个宇宙,与我们的宇宙完全分隔。
7.In The Grand Design (2010,with Leonard Mlodinow),Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. (argue that...)
在《大设计》(2010年出版,与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中,霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
8.As the water boiled,the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down. (as引导时间状语从句)
当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀 cy:①表示……的状态　②表示……的品质或等级
去t加 cy efficiency效率,效能　fluency流利　frequency频繁;频率 urgency紧急,迫切　agency代理商　emergency突发事件,紧急情况
去te加 cy accuracy准确性;精准度　privacy隐私
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.vitamin tablets 　　　　 维生素片
2.labour saving machine 节省劳力的机器
3.discover the causes of diseases under microscopes在显微镜下发现疾病的起因
4.launch satellites into orbit 发射卫星至轨道
5.the smallest particle of matter in the universe 宇宙中最小的物质微粒
6.the theory of relativity 相对论
7.a blue mould in the dish 盘子里蓝色的霉菌
8.the natural form of penicillin青霉素的天然形式
9.be dressed in a smart navy blue suit
穿一身漂亮的海军蓝制服
10.improve the accuracy of their missiles
提高他们导弹的准确度
11.an outstanding physicist 一位杰出的物理学家
12.thousands of circuits 成千上万的电路
13.What a coincidence! 真是个巧合!
14.after an incubation period 经过孵化期之后
15.his brilliant work in cosmology
他在宇宙学方面的杰出工作
16.lift a kettle top 移去壶盖
17.the Industrial Revolution 工业革命
18.bamboo fibre 竹纤维
19.mechanical clocks 机械钟
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.well being n.　　　 健康,幸福,舒适
2.garbage n. 垃圾
3.device n. 设备,装置;修辞手段
4.instant adj. 立刻的,马上的
5.launch vt. 发射;发动,发起,开始从事
6.split vi.& vt. 分割,把……分开;分成(不同部分)
7.outspoken adj. 坦率的,直言不讳的
8.finding n. 研究的结果;发现
9.biologist n. 生物学家
10.perceive vt. 察觉,注意到,发觉
11.million num. 百万
12.humble adj. 谦虚的,谦卑的
13.outcome n. 结果,后果
14.emerge vi. 出现,浮现
15.overcome vt. 克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
16.decline vi. 减少,降低
17.grand adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的
18.bonus n. 意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
19.gravity n. 重力,引力
20.steam n. 水蒸气;蒸汽动力
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.entertain vt.　　　 招待;使快乐;娱乐
entertaining adj. 有趣的
entertainment n. 娱乐活动,娱乐节目
2.gift n. 天赋;天才;才能;礼物
gifted adj. 有天赋的,有才华的
3.produce vt. 生产
product n. 产品;产物
productive adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
production n. 生产;产量
4.science n. 科学
scientific adj. 科学(上)的
scientist n. 科学家
5.donate vi.& vt. 捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献
donation n. 捐赠;捐赠物
donor n. 捐赠者
6.accurate adj. 正确无误的;精确的;准确的
accuracy n. 准确性;精准度;正确,准确
accurately adv. 准确地
7.join vt. 参加;加入
joint adj. 联合的,共同的,共有的
jointly adv. 共同地;联合地
8.efficient adj. 效率高的
inefficient adj. 效率低的
efficiently adv. 有效率地,高效能地
efficiency n. 效率
9.propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等)
proposal n. 提议;建议;求婚
10.evaluate vt. 评价;评估
evaluation n. 评估,评价
11.theory n. 理论;学说
theoretical adj. 理论的
12.boil vi.& vt. (使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮
n. 沸腾
boiling adj. 很热的;炽热的
boiled adj. 煮沸的,煮熟的
13.improve vt. 改善;改进
improvement n. 改善,改进;改进之处
14.available adj. 可利用的;可获得的
availability n. 可能性
15.explode vi.& vt. (使)爆炸;急剧增长
explosion n. 爆炸
explosive adj. 易爆炸的
16.mass n. 大量,大宗;质量
adj. 大量的
massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的
17.sail vi. 航行;起航
sailor n. 水手,海员
sailing n. 帆船运动;航行
18.illustrate vt. 说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图
illustration n. 图表;图解;实例,示例
19.preserve vt. 保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护
n. 腌菜,果酱
preservation n. 维护;保存
20.electric adj. 用电的,带电的,电动的
electrical adj. 电的;用电的
electronic adj. 电子的
electricity n. 电;电能
Ⅳ. 短语互译
1.in spite of　　　　 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
2.figure out 算出;弄懂;弄清楚
3.single out 挑选;挑出
4.turn to sb 向某人求助
5.in a joint effort 在共同努力下
6.go out 熄灭
7.reflect on 仔细考虑,反省
8.have sth on one’s hands 有某事要处理
9.not to mention... 更不用说……
10.range from...to... 范围从……到……
11.be dedicated to 致力于;献身于
12.be expected to do sth 被预计会做某事
13.be reduced to 减少到
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:if引导虚拟条件句
If I were the teacher,I would solve the problem in another way.
如果我是这名老师,我会用另一种方式来解决这个问题。
2.句型公式:so...that...引导结果状语从句
He blamed her so sharply that the girl wanted to drop out of/quit school.
他如此严厉地责备她,以至于那个女孩想辍学。
3.句型公式:as引导时间状语从句
Some of them checked answers with others as they walked.
他们中有些人边走边和别人核对答案。
4.句型公式:with+宾语+done
With their test papers handed in,the students stepped out of the classroom.
试卷上交以后,学生们走出了教室。
5.句型公式:argue that...
However,I argue that it is not a good idea to check answers before the examination ends completely.
然而,我认为在考试完全结束之前核对答案并不是一个好主意。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.The number of students majoring in the humanities has declined by about half.
2.The electronic devices need to be installed by a professional and we’d better leave them alone.
3.It’s not entirely clear why, but it probably comes down to how the brain perceives these signals.
4.Millions of dollars were spent in dealing with water pollution.
5.All of these outcomes are linked to a lack of physical exercise.
6.Suddenly a terrible idea emerged in his mind that he had fallen into a trap.
7.It was by overcoming many difficulties that the four men came to their destination.
8.The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.The children in the mountain village have no entertainment,so their teachers often tell entertaining stories to entertain them after class. (entertain)
2.Brian has a gift for music and he wants to be a gifted musician like Beethoven. (gift)
3.The rice they grow this year is productive and they hope that the production will be twice as much as that of last year. (product)
4.Have you ever donated anything to the charity Last week,our organization received a large donation of money and learning materials,but we didn’t know who was the generous donor. (donate)
5.While calculating the maths problem,you should pay more attention to the accuracy of the numbers,or you can’t figure it out accurately. (accurate)
6.As an efficient secretary,she can organize various jobs efficiently and improve her efficiency. (efficient)
7.After months of learning,his English has improved a lot,and his parents are also pleased with the improvement. (improve)
8.As we try our best to preserve pandas,we should also pay attention to the preservation of their habitats. (preserve)
Ⅲ.短语填空
turn to　go out　be reduced to　be dedicated to　figure out　reflect on
1.I wonder whether you have figured out how much the trip will cost.
2.I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the light went out in the room.
3.In the past few weeks its price has been reduced to $8,so the majority of people can afford it.
4.There is much we can learn by reflecting on the stories heard when we were children.
5.Do turn to the police for assistance whenever you are in trouble.
6.Only if everyone is dedicated to the mission can our country develop faster and faster.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world needs innovations for our well being.We need productive crops for the ever 1.increasing(increase) population,electric labour saving devices to work more efficiently and some new ways 2.to deal(deal) with garbage.Some people think that only 3.gifted(gift) people can invent new things.For example,Einstein put forward the Theory of Relativity,4.which shows even time,mass or length are not constant.Biologist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. Eckert,5.an engineer and Mauchly,a physicist,produced a machine to improve the 6.accuracy (accurate) of missiles in a joint effort.James Watt developed the steam engine.7.However,their achievements lay in the fact that they could perceive some otherwise ignored phenomena and they overcame 8.various(vary) difficulties. Subsequently outstanding outcomes emerged.If we common people are 9.dedicated(dedicate) to the improvement of something,maybe we will cause a revolution.So if you want to find a good way to regulate traffic or to preserve food,just launch your project instantly. A bonus is 10.specifically(specific) waiting for you.
1.entertainment n.娱乐节目,娱乐活动(amusement)→entertain vt.招待;使快乐;娱乐→
entertaining adj.有趣的
佳句背诵　
To my great entertainment,he promised to entertain us to ice cream.(心理描写)
令我非常高兴的是,他承诺请我们吃冰淇淋。
Our program offers a variety of entertainment options, such as theaters, clubs and bars.(活动介绍)
我们的项目提供各种娱乐选择,如剧院、俱乐部和酒吧。
to one’s entertainment　 使某人高兴的是
entertain sb to sth　 用某物招待某人
entertain sb with sth　 用某物使某人快乐
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①But it can certainly keep me entertained(entertain) while I wait for my wife to rescue me. (2024·浙江1月卷)
②Finding his mother weeping,little Tommy spared no effort to entertain her with whatever he could think of.He vividly told entertaining stories to her.Finally,to his entertainment,his mother smiled through tears.(安慰)
发现母亲在哭泣,小汤米竭尽全力用他能想到的一切来让她开心。他绘声绘色地给她讲有趣的故事。最后,让他高兴的是,他的母亲破涕为笑了。
2.gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的(talented)→gift n.天赋;天才;才能;礼物
佳句背诵　
Many gifted students and music teachers will put on performances during the music festival.(通知)
许多有天赋的学生和音乐教师将在音乐节期间进行表演。
She is a gifted writer who has published several best selling novels.(人物介绍)
她是一位有才华的作家,已经出版了几本畅销小说。
be gifted/talented in 在……方面有天赋
have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①However gifted(gift) you are,you won’t succeed without constant effort and perseverance.
②Being the son of a skilled sailor,the boy seemed to be gifted in sailing.
→ Being the son of a skilled sailor,the boy seemed to have a gift for sailing.
3.correspond vi.通信;相一致;符合;相当于→correspondence n.来往信件;通信联系;相似
佳句背诵　
If you have any question,please correspond with me at your earliest convenience.
如果你有任何问题,请尽早和我通信。
correspond with sb 与某人通信
correspond to 相当于……;类似于……
correspond with/to 与……一致;符合
in correspondence with 与……有通信联系;与……一致
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The editor welcomes correspondence(correspond) from readers and amateurs on any subject.
②Only when what you do corresponds with/is in correspondence with what you say can you build better relationships with others.
只有当你言行一致时,你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。
4.instant adj.立刻的,马上的;即食的 n.片刻;瞬间(moment,second)→instantly adv.立即;马上
佳句背诵　
The bird ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up.(动作描写;2023·浙江1月卷)
我一捡起那只鸟,它就停止了挣扎。
(1)the instant(=instantly) 一……就……
(2)表示“一……就……”的连词或短语还有:as soon as、the moment/minute、hardly...when...、no sooner...than...、directly、immediately等。
以练促学　猜测词义/单句写作
①While I admit instant coffee is very convenient,it can never replace fresh coffee.adj.速溶的
②As soon as/The instant/moment/minute/Immediately/Directly my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(心理描写;2021·浙江1月卷)
我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。
5.decline vi.减少,降低(fall,drop,decrease,go down)vi.& vt.谢绝;婉言拒绝 n.衰退;下降
佳句背诵　
She declined to have lunch with her friend,saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
她说她身体不舒服,婉言拒绝了与她的朋友共进午餐。
decline to do...　 拒绝做……
decline to　 减少到……
decline by　 减少了……
a decline in 在……方面下降
in decline/on the decline 在衰退中,走下坡路
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines(decline) in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades.(2023·浙江1月卷)
②As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.(新高考Ⅱ卷)
③The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.(环境保护)
这项新研究发现,在超过4.6万平方英里的加州森林中,直径超过两英尺的树木数量减少了50%。
6.preserve vt.保存(食物)(conserve),腌制;维护,保护(protect) n.腌菜,果酱→preservation
n.维护,保存
佳句背诵　
From my point of view,some traditional old customs should be well preserved.So there is an urgent need to think of some effective preservation measures.(传统文化与习俗)
在我看来,一些传统的旧习俗应该得到很好的保护。因此,迫切需要想出一些有效的保护措施。
preserve...from/against...
保护……免受……
be well/strictly preserved
被很好/严格地保存
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved(preserve) for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.(2024·全国甲卷)
②Penicillin has played an important role in preserving wounds from/against infection and subsequently saves millions of lives.
③It is high time that the government set/should set up more nature preserves to preserve the endangered species from/against extinction/dying out.
现在是政府建立更多自然保护区以保护濒危物种免于灭绝的时候了。
7.turn to求助于;转向
佳句背诵　
Whenever I have difficulties in my English study, she is the one that I will turn to first.
每当我在英语学习中遇到困难时,她都是我第一个求助的人。(人物介绍,全国Ⅰ卷)
turn into 进入;使变成,使成为
turn off 关(水源等);离开(道路)
turn on 开,旋开(电灯等)
turn out 生产;结果为;被发现是
turn up 出现;找到
以练促学　单句写作
①As it turned out,Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.(2023·全国乙卷)
事实证明,道格拉斯击败了两名俄罗斯选手,这正是她成为奥运会冠军所需要做的。
②Under the guidance of my mother,I turned on the gas cooker.I first stir fried two vegetables.(短文投稿,2023·全国乙卷)
在妈妈的指导下,我打开了煤气灶。我先炒了两份蔬菜。
片段巩固 用entertainment;gifted;correspond;instant;decline;preserve;turn to完成人物介绍的片段
写作提示:我的朋友李华在绘画方面很有天赋→为了保持友谊,我们经常通信→一遇到麻烦,我就向她求助→使我非常高兴的是,她从不拒绝帮助我→我把她看作我最好的朋友
　　My friend, Li Hua, is gifted in drawing. We correspond with each other on a regular basis to preserve our friendship. The instant I get into trouble, I turn to her for help. To my great entertainment, she never declines to help me. I regard her as my best friend.
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.(2022·全国甲卷) vt.求婚
②The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever growing list.(2022·浙江1月卷) n.额外的好处
③In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(2021·全国甲卷) adj.持续不断的
④He was overcome with grief and his friends were disappointed with his behavior. vt.受到……的极大影响
⑤Jack boiled when he lost the game because of his own mistake. vi.怒火中烧
2.选出decline的汉语意思
A.v.谢绝;婉言拒绝　B.v.下降　C.n.衰退　D.n.下降
①In the early 1970 s, 40 percent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 percent.The decline is not because we have all become lazy.
(2021·浙江1月卷) D
②When the answer was no,she declined the invitation.(2022·浙江1月卷) A
③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month. B
④The ongoing decline in manufacturing has posed significant challenges for this company. C
3.选出launch的汉语意思
①I’m going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living.The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson,back in 1993.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) B
②It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year. A
③Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) C
④After the launch of the products,they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high efficient superior properties. D
4.根据上下文写出instant的词性和词义
It took just an ①instant for Emily to realize she had left her homework at home.She knew she needed an ②instant solution,so she called her mom to bring it to school.While waiting,she quickly made herself an ③instant coffee from the cafeteria to stay awake during the long day ahead.
①n.瞬间;片刻　②adj.立刻的　③adj.即食的;速溶的
句型公式:as引导状语从句
课本原句:As the water boiled,the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.
当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
佳句背诵　
Exhausted and hungry as we were,we benefited a lot from the five kilometer cross country running race.(新高考Ⅰ卷) 尽管我们又累又饿,但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。
(1)句中加黑部分是as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)as作连词,引导以下状语从句:
·表示“在……期间”“当……的时候”时,引导时间状语从句。
·表示“由于”时,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。
·表示“像”“按照……的方式”时,引导方式状语从句。
·用于as...as或not so/as...as中时,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。
·表示“虽然,尽管”时,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,构成“表语+as+主语+系动词”结构。
以练促学　写出下列句子中as的汉语意思/单句写作
①As time goes by,more and more people have perceived that only by joint efforts can we preserve oceans from being polluted. 随着
②You should treat others as you would like to be treated. 按照……的方式
③Child as he is,he can propose some scientific improvement measures. 尽管
④I boiled with anger,as my son didn’t behave well at table. 因为
⑤As the bus got closer and closer to the town,Tom shook all over,feeling like being on pins and needles.(心理描写)
随着公共汽车越来越靠近城镇,汤姆浑身颤抖,如坐针毡。
⑥He looked behind occasionally as he went forward in the forest.(动作描写)
他在森林里向前走时偶尔会向后面看。
维度一　核心知识运用
1.Due to the lack of scientific(science) proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud seeding companies. (2024·浙江1月卷)
2.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy (accurate) of the estimate will go down. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.Celebrate progress and keep refining toward a happy productive (produce) existence. (2022·浙江1月卷)
4.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations (donate) and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
5.Preserving(preserve) biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations are vital today. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
6.I really appreciate the wonderful works by those gifted(gift) student painters. (2021·浙江6月卷)
7.The old building dating back to the Song Dynasty is still in good preservation(preserve).
8.To my entertainment(entertain),the cat jumped up in panic when seeing the cucumber.
9.The surgeon declined to attend(attend) the ceremony,saying that he would have an important operation to perform that day.
10.A few representatives from different companies donated necessary supplies to the disaster area.
维度二　单句写作
1.You should treat others as you would like to be treated. (as引导状语从句)
己所不欲,勿施于人。
2.As far as I was concerned,the way (that/in which) he treated the girl was not proper. (the way作先行词的定语从句)
在我看来,他对待这个女孩的方式并不恰当。
3.Amazing discoveries were made in medicine,communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space. (形容词作定语)
我们在医学、通讯和交通方面都有惊人的发现,更别提对世界和太空的认识了。
4.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. (形容词作定语)
如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破,我们今天所熟知的世界将会是一个完全不同的地方。
维度三　单元知识拾遗
1.Before she could ask any question, their father turned up and told his wife about how the twins had made preparations to give her the surprise breakfast. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
她还没来得及问,他们的父亲就出现了,告诉他的妻子这对双胞胎是如何给她准备惊喜早餐的。
2.This job is open to all,regardless of previous experience.　这份工作任何人都可以应聘,不管其以前的工作经历如何。
3.We should preserve the environment from being polluted in a joint effort.
我们应该共同努力,保护环境不受污染。
4.The new product launch is expected to draw a large crowd.
预计新品发布将会吸引大量人群。
5.Desertification occurs when fertile farmland turns into desert.
当肥沃的农田变成沙漠时,就会发生荒漠化。
6.Unexpectedly,my father didn’t explode with anger and instead,he talked with me mildly.　出乎意料地,父亲并没有勃然大怒,反而平和地和我交谈。
7.He has an urgent matter on his hands,so he can’t accompany me to the bookstore.
他手头有急事,所以不能陪我去书店了。
8.In spite of her advancing years,she is still active in a variety of activities.
尽管年事已高,她仍然积极参加各种活动。
9.The show had a large audience,ranging from children to grandparents.
这个节目有很多观众,从孩子到祖父母都有。
10.I have difficulty singling out proper clothes for the evening party,so could you help me
我很难挑选适合参加晚会的衣服,你能帮我吗
Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(发言稿——中国四大发明)
假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华,应学校要求,你需要向来学校参观的外国学生介绍中国古代的四大发明,内容包括:
1.四大发明都有哪些;
2.其对中国和世界的影响;
3.你的感想。
根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作
第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达
①我很自豪也很高兴地站在这里向大家介绍中国的四大发明,包括造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。 (形容词作状语;定语从句)
Proud and delighted,I am standing here to introduce the Four Great Inventions of China to you,which include paper making,printing,gunpowder,and the compass.
②中国历史悠久,取得了众多令人瞩目的成就,四大发明就在其中。 (among which引导定语从句)
China has a long history with numerous remarkable achievements among which are the Four Great Inventions.
③四大发明意义重大,对世界发展产生了特别深远的影响。 (so...that...倒装句)
So significant are the Four Great Inventions that they have had an especially profound influence on global development.
④如果没有造纸术和印刷术,人类文明和文化就不会被如此完好地保存和传播。如果没有指南针,欧洲航海家就不会在海上探险中实现深入的探索和突破。 (if引导虚拟条件句)
If there hadn’t been paper making and printing,human civilization and culture would not have been so well preserved and spread. If there hadn’t been the compass,European sailors wouldn’t have explored further and made breakthroughs in the sea exploration.
⑤人们普遍认为,四大发明不仅影响了中国,而且改变了整个世界。 (argue,not only...but also...)
So it is widely argued that the Four Great Inventions not only impacted China but also transformed the whole world.
⑥作为一个中国人,我坚信我们有责任保护它们,使它们在世界上发挥更重要的作用。 (preserve)
As a Chinese,I firmly believe that it is our duty to preserve them and make them play a more important role in the world.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)
Proud and delighted,I am standing here to introduce the Four Great Inventions of China to you,which include paper making,printing,gunpowder,and the compass.
As you have known,China has a long history with numerous remarkable achievements among which are the Four Great Inventions. So significant are the Four Great Inventions that they have had an especially profound influence on global development. If there hadn’t been paper making and printing,human civilization and culture would not have been so well preserved and spread. If there hadn’t been the compass,European sailors wouldn’t have explored further and made breakthroughs in the sea exploration.
So it is widely argued that the Four Great Inventions not only impacted China but also transformed the whole world.As a Chinese,I firmly believe that it is our duty to preserve them and make them play a more important role in the world.
Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 embarrassed adj.　 尴尬的,窘迫的 clumsily adv. 笨拙地 familiar adj. 熟悉的 technological adj. 技术的,科技的 smoothly adv. 顺利地 modest adj. 谦虚的,谦逊的
词 块 turn down　　　　　 关小,调低;拒绝 with the development of technology 随着科技的发展 keep pace with times 与时俱进
美 句 1.So embarrassed was I that I stood there clumsily, feeling the blood rushing to my face.　我感到非常尴尬,笨拙地站在那里,感觉到血液涌向我的脸。 2.It also made me realize that only by learning constantly can we handle our life easily and smoothly.　它也让我意识到,只有不断地学习,我们才能轻松顺利地应对我们的生活。 3.It’s our thirst for knowledge and strong belief in keeping pace with times that will make us better for the future! 正是我们对知识的渴求和与时俱进的坚定信念,让我们的未来更加美好!
2.续写构思训练(根据提示构思、续写语段)
场景导语:“我”一次在家乐福购买商品结束后去自动收费柜台结账→“我”自认为在技术上能力不错,不需要找人帮忙→几次尝试均未能成功→工作人员见此情景过来示范,“我”认为自己已经学会→谁知新的麻烦又出现了……
场景续写1:酒瓶摔坏→碎玻璃和血红色的葡萄酒洒得到处都是→更加尴尬→感觉整个世界都在注视着自己→丈夫求助工作人员
　　What was worse, a wine bottle fell and broke, making me so annoyed. 　

场景续写2:工作人员来帮忙→“我”明白了科技的发展→认识到应该不断学习→让自己变得更加谦虚,对一切保持开放的态度→感悟
　　After the assistant helped us out, we were finally able to resolve the issue.

【参考范文】
What was worse, a wine bottle fell and broke, making me so annoyed. With the broken glass and blood red wine all over the place, everything paused at that moment. So embarrassed was I that I stood there clumsily, feeling the blood rushing to my face.All the air seemed to disappear and I felt as if the whole world was watching me. I’ve had just enough of it and I noticed my husband had that familiar “I told you so” look on his face and then he walked over to the assistant for help who had been turned down by me!
After the assistant helped us out, we were finally able to resolve the issue. This experience made me realize that with the development of technology, some of us have been left far behind by new technological devices, even in other fields. It also made me realize that only by learning constantly can we handle our life easily and smoothly. So, I start to make myself more modest and open to everything. It’s our thirst for knowledge and strong belief in keeping pace with times that will make us better for the future!
　　(2024·浙江1月卷七选五)
　　In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.　36　 But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 　37　 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.　38　 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,”says graduate student Amanda Bindman.Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple:build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses.　39　 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result.Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
　40　 A social connection is often a big part of learning.There are things you can do to ease this problem.Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track.You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
真题再做
A.But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B.Your motivation should be your main concern.
C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F.If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
答案　36.G　37.F　38.A　39.D　40.E
思维建模
设空在段首题——段落主题句
第一步 阅读空后内容,厘清段落大意
第二步 阅读各个选项,弄懂七个选项的汉语意思并标记关键词
第三步 认真阅读下文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关词,推断主题句,得出答案
以例示法
如40题,本题考查段落主题句。根据下文可知,该段是在探讨在线学习存在的一个问题,并且也提到了一名本科生给出相关建议来缓解这一问题,即可以和朋友一起上在线课程。因此,E项“对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动。”可以概括本段,并且其中的“human interaction”呼应本段第二句中的“social connection”,“complaint”则呼应本段第三句中的“problem”。故选E项。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
1.significant /s ɡ n f k nt/ adj. 重要的;显著的 2.digital / d d tl/ adj.数字的,计算机(网络)的;数码的 3.set /set/ v.放,置,使处于;使开始 adj.安排好的,确定的,固定的 4.ease /i z/ v.减轻,缓和 5.motivate / m t ve t/ v.成为……的动机;激励,激发 6.concept / k nsept/ n.概念 7.complaint /k m ple nt/ n.抱怨,不满 8.interaction / nt r k n/ n.互动(性);相互作用;相互影响 1.lose sight of忽略 2.fall behind schedule进度落后 3.end up with以……结束 4.let sth slide放任不管某事,任某事恶化 5.contribute to online discussion boards参与在线讨论 6.on track按计划进行
析 长 难 语 句 I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule. [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:I think a point...is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule;that引导定语从句;how引导表语从句,it充当表语从句中的形式主语,to fall behind schedule作真正主语。 [尝试翻译]　我认为很多人忽略了一点,那就是落后于计划是很容易的。
课时作业　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·济南高三模拟)
When Param Jaggi was five years old,he had a passion to take things apart to see what was inside.He started with toys and even broke a computer,which made his parents not too pleased.As he got older,he shifted from breaking things to building things,which greatly comforted his parents.In middle school,he started working on projects in his kitchen laboratory,and his first project was making biofuels.
Although Jaggi’s parents initially thought his experiments were just a boyhood fancy,he remained determined to make a difference to the environment.Eventually,his parents came around and started supporting his dreams.Jaggi’s interest continued as he grew up,but he focused more on solving real problems,especially those related to the environment.
At 17,Jaggi went beyond his school projects and co founded Ecoviate,a company that uses technology to solve everyday energy and environmental problems.He planned to transform people’s idea that going green is expensive,by making available a series of affordable products that are easy to use.Through Ecoviate,he designed products that could contribute to a greener future.One of his notable inventions was the “CO2ube”,a device that could be attached to vehicle tailpipes to reduce carbon emissions,and it’s available to many people at low prices.He also created a smartwatch that changed body heat into energy,which can be used to power up the watch as well as mobile phones.
Young Jaggi,now a third grade college student studying engineering and economics,has become a famous eco innovator and his company is developing promisingly.However,Jaggi’s vision to save the environment goes beyond creating products.He plans to launch an online platform through Ecoviate,which will encourage young students interested in science and technology to get actively involved in innovation and invention.Students can submit a science project online,and talk about the help that they need to make the project a reality.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小就有好奇心和创造力的Jaggi在17岁时与别人共同创办Ecoviate公司以生产解决日常环境问题的产品的事迹。
1.What can we learn about Jaggi
A.He was curious by nature.
B.He dreamed of being an engineer.
C.He always annoyed his parents.
D.He was addicted to playing with toys.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When Param Jaggi was five years old,he had a passion to take things apart to see what was inside.”和“he shifted from breaking things to building things”可知,Jaggi很喜欢拆卸、组装事物,所以他应该是一个天性好奇的人,故选A项。]
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined part “came around” in Paragraph 2
A.Won out.
B.Changed their minds.
C.Walked around.
D.Paid a visit.
答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“made his parents not too pleased”和画线词前面的“Jaggi’s parents initially thought his experiments were just a boyhood fancy”可知,起初Jaggi的父母对他的实验并不开心,并且认为他的实验不过是少年转瞬即逝的爱好罢了;再根据画线词后面的“started supporting his dreams”可知,Jaggi的父母态度发生了变化,故选B项。]
3.What drove Jaggi to develop affordable and user friendly products
A.His love for greener devices.
B.His pursuit of an academic career.
C.His desire to make a difference.
D.His hope to boost green industry.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He planned to transform people’s idea that going green is expensive”可以看出,Jaggi开发价格实惠、用户友好的产品是为了改变人们认为环保成本高昂的观念,从而对环境做出贡献,故选C项。]
4.Why does Jaggi plan to launch an online platform
A.To promote smart products.
B.To empower young inventors.
C.To provide eco themed courses.
D.To offer environmentalists funds.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“which will encourage young students...involved in innovation and invention”可知,Jaggi推出在线平台是为了鼓励对科学技术感兴趣的年轻学生积极参与创新和发明,故选B项。]
(2025·广州高三冲刺训练题)
Human history is full of horse stories like guiding cowboys home on foggy nights and taking wounded soldiers through battle zones.Such sensible and highly trained horses made Eakta Jain,a computer scientist and roboticist,think of robots.“A horse that can take a rider home on its own would be the highest level of autonomy,” Jain says.“You trust them with your life.”She was drawn to learning how such relationships form and if it could help improve human robot interactions.
For a year,Jain engaged herself in the horse world.She watched classes in horse training,and she also talked with students,instructors,trainers and horse owners.Along the way,Jain even learned to ride.
Horses learn signals from their trainers on how to comfortably interact with people.People,too,must learn their part.Riders must learn what a horse wants or how it feels based on its behavior,and what signals to use to direct horses to perform in desired ways.Jain found some similarities,here,to working with robots.People must learn how to direct robots to do specific tasks.They also must learn what to do when robots don’t perform as planned.The goal is to program robots that will respond predictably to inputs from people.But like horses,autonomous robots also should be able to respond on their own as conditions change.For example,a self driving car must stop to avoid hitting something,even if some human mistakenly tells it to keep going.
Trainers and riders work with horses to build respect.Horses show that respect by matching their pace to a human or giving someone who is leading them a safe degree of personal space.Trainers begin their work with a horse by getting them to show signs of respect in basic interactions,Jain says.Later,trainers will develop more complex interactions.Gradually,a horse’s respect can grow into trust.
But that trust is not given.And there may be a similar limitation with robots.What would it mean for robots and people to respect and trust each other For now,she adds,this is largely uncharted territory.But she’s looking to build a path.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机科学家及机器人专家Eakta Jain从马与人的关系中获得研发自主机器人的灵感,并以此帮助改进人与机器人之间的互动。
5.What drew Eakta Jain’s attention to horses
A.Horses’ amazing performance.
B.Long history of horse training.
C.Horse human interdependence.
D.Her horse riding experience.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知,这些有判断力且训练有素的马让计算机科学家和机器人专家Eakta Jain想到了机器人,“一匹可以独自带骑手回家的马将是最高级别的自主,你可以把生命托付给它们”,她很想了解这种关系是如何形成的,以及它是否有助于改善人机交互。由此可知,马的惊人表现吸引了Eakta Jain对马的注意,故选A项。]
6.What are the robots of the highest autonomy designed to do
A.To act like real horses.
B.To show respect for humans.
C.To follow instructions from humans.
D.To make independent and sensible decisions.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But like horses...on their own as conditions change.”可知,像马一样,自主机器人也应该能够在条件变化时自行做出反应。下文关于自动驾驶汽车的例子也说明了这一点。由此可知,自主性最高的机器人被设计用来做出独立且明智的决定,故选D项。]
7.What will Jain’s future research most probably focus on
A.The limitations of robots.
B.Trust between robots and humans.
C.The path toward higher robot efficiency.
D.Similarities between horses and robots.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Jain认为“机器人和人类相互尊重和信任意味着什么 ”这个问题目前在很大程度上仍是一个未知领域,而她想要开辟一条道路,由此可知,Jain未来的研究重点是机器人和人类之间的信任,故选B项。]
8.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.History of Human Horse Relationship
B.Secrets of Human Animal Interactions
C.The Role of Trust in Human Robot Partnerships
D.Horses as the Inspiration for Autonomous Robots
答案　D　[标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的“Such sensible and highly trained horses made Eakta Jain,a computer scientist and roboticist,think of robots.”可知,机器人专家从马与人类的关系中得到研发自主机器人的灵感,接下来重点介绍了其灵感来源以及未来的研究重点等。由此可知,D项“马作为自主机器人的灵感来源”最适合作文章标题,故选D项。]
(2025·重庆高三联考)
An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases.Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells.These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神经元) growth in damaged lab dish regions.This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing,and disease treatment.
This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin,Professor of Biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences,and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells,capable of various functions including self copying,for a limited number of cycles.However,it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species.
In their latest study,Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells,with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots.
Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish,facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage.
“It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells,without changing their DNA,can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works,and asking what else these constructs can do,” says Levin.
One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses.These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete.
Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions,posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce,have no genetic changes,and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用人类细胞研发出微型生物机器人,以用于疾病治疗创新工具。
9.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients
A.Replace human cells.
B.Facilitate neuron growth.
C.Create new human cells.
D.Move across tissue surfaces.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“have exhibited a remarkable healing(治愈)effect by stimulating neuron(神经元)growth in damaged lab dish regions”可知,该人类细胞生物机器人通过刺激实验室培养皿中受损区域的神经元的生长从而展现出惊人的治愈效果。由此可知,该微型机器人在治愈病人方面是通过促进神经元生长的方式来完成的,故选B项。]
10.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Made. B.Divided.
C.Copied. D.Designed.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知,Anthrobots可以从人类细胞中研制出来。而第三段内容肯定了第一段第二句所说明的事实,即“Anthrobots确实可以从人类细胞中研制出来”。make制造;divide分开,分散;copy复制;design设计。画线词与make的含义最接近,故选A项。]
11.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots
A.They can be easily created from patients’ cells.
B.They can be used in many controlled environments.
C.They can avoid causing immune responses.
D.They can have genetic changes when necessary.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in...without leading to immune(免疫的)responses.”可知,这种从患者的细胞中构建的微型生物机器人执行愈合任务不会导致免疫反应,故选C项。]
12.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from
A.Advanced Science.
B.Sportsnet Magazine.
C.Art in America.
D.National Geographic.
答案　A　[文章出处题。本文主要讲述科学家从人类细胞中构建出微型生物机器人,这种机器人优于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”。由此可推知,本文最有可能摘自《前沿科学》杂志,故选A项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·东北三省四城市高三质量监测)
Problem solving skills are increasingly valuable in the workplace—and could help you achieve more in your personal life too.Here’s how to enhance your strategy.
Develop analytical thinking
The key to effective problem solving is the ability to break down complex issues into smaller,more manageable components: 　1　.This involves systematically deconstructing a problem,understanding its differences and identifying the relationships between its various elements.Begin by clearly defining the problem at hand,identifying its key components and recognizing the interconnections between them.
Promote creativity
　2　.To develop creativity,you must engage in activities that can stimulate your imagination and form new ideas.Additionally,exposing yourself to different fields,experiences and cultures can serve as a source of creative problem solving.
Strengthen communication skills
Clear and brief communication is the key to effective problem solving,acting as the bridge that connects diverse perspectives and adjusts individuals toward a common goal.Good communication begins with the art of expression.This needs choosing the right words and structuring information logically.Active listening,on the other hand,is the skill of receiving information with focus.　3　.
Learn from mistakes
Mistakes are not failures but a good way to success.　4　.Analyze what goes wrong,identify areas for improvement and use this knowledge to inform your future problem solving efforts.It not only accelerates the learning process but also encourages collective problem solving skills.
　5　
The journey to becoming an expert problem solver is an ongoing process of growth and improvement.Seeking continuous learning opportunities ensures that you stay ahead of changing challenges and acquire the necessary skills.Furthermore,networking with professionals in your field provides a good way of shared learning.
A.Stay well informed
B.Seek continuous learning
C.Improving it requires a structured approach
D.Each mistake will give you a chance to think and learn
E.Out of the box thinking is essential for problem solving
F.These will make sure your message is easy to understand
G.It involves not just hearing words but understanding the differences
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了培养解决问题的能力的几个具体做法。
1.C　[空前一句提到有效解决问题的关键是把复杂问题分解成更小的、更可处理的部分的能力,空后一句提到这就涉及系统性地拆解一个问题,理解它的不同并且确认各种因素之间的关系。C项“提升这个能力需要一个结构化的方法”承上启下,符合语境。C项中的it指代上文中的“the ability”。]
2.E　[本段小标题是“提升创造力”,空后讲述为了培养创造力你需要做什么。故E项“非常规思维对于解决问题至关重要”承上启下,符合语境。E项中的“Out of the box thinking”(非常规思维)与小标题中的creativity是同义转换。]
3.G　[空前讲主动倾听是有重点地接收信息的技巧。G项“它不仅仅涉及听(对方所讲的)话,而且还涉及理解不同之处”进一步讲述了有关主动倾听的信息,承接上文,符合语境。]
4.D　[空前讲错误不是失败,而是通往成功的好途径,D项“每一个错误都会给你一次思考和学习的机会”承接上文,且能引出下文所讲的具体该如何做的内容。故选D项。]
5.B　[段落主旨句。下文讲到成为一个解决问题的专家是一个需要不断成长和完善的过程。寻求持续不断的学习机会能够确保你提前为不断变化的挑战做准备并获得必要的技巧。因此可推知,该段主要讲述了第五个策略——寻求持续学习。故选B项。]
单 词 聚 焦 1.transform /tr ns f m/ v.使改变形态;使转换　　　　 2.promisingly / pr m s li/ adv.有希望地 3.wounded / wu nd d/ adj.受伤的,负伤的 4.similarity / s m l r ti/ n.相似性,类似性 5.specific /sp s f k/ adj.明确的,具体的;特定的 6.predictably /pr d kt bli/ adv.可预见地 7.autonomous / t n m s/ adj.有自主能力的,自主的 8.limitation / l m te n/ n.限制;限度;局限 9.uncharted / n t ɑ t d/ adj.无人涉足的,陌生的,人迹罕至的 10.territory / ter tri/ n.领域;领土,领地 11.innovative / n ve t v/ adj.引进新思想的;采用新方法的,革新的;创新的 12.outperform / a tp f m/ v.做得比……更好,胜过 13.increasingly / n kri s li/ adv.越来越多地;不断增加地 14.analytical / n l t kl/ adj.分析的;解析的;分析性的 plex / k mpleks/ adj.复杂的;难懂的;费解的 ponent /k m p n nt/ n.组成部分;成分;部件 17.systematically / s st m t kli/ adv.系统性地 18.identify /a dent fa / v.确认;发现 19.strengthen / stre θn/ v.加强 20.logically / l d kli/ adv.逻辑上
词 块 积 累 1.work on从事,致力于　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.be attached to爱慕……,依恋……;附属于…… 3.power up给……供电(等);使(机器)启动 4.be addicted to对……上瘾;沉溺于 5.engage sb in sth使……参与……;使……从事…… 6.originate from源于 7.break down分解 8.be absorbed into被吸收进;被同化 9.act as担任;扮演;充当;起……作用 10.on the other hand另一方面
长 难 句 式 1.He planned to transform people’s idea that going green is expensive,by making available a series of affordable products that are easy to use. [分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:He planned to transform people’s idea that going green is expensive...。第一个that引导同位语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词affordable products。 [译文]　他计划通过提供一系列价格合理且易于使用的产品来改变人们认为环保成本昂贵的想法。 2.It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells,without changing their DNA,can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage. [分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells...can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage。It为形式主语,指代that引导的主语从句;without changing their DNA为介词短语作状语。 [译文]　既极其有趣又完全出乎意料的是,正常患者的细胞,在不改变其DNA的情况下,可以自行移动,并促使神经元在受损区域生长。(共145张PPT)
UNIT 12　INNOVATION
选择性必修第四册
主题语境:创新与创新意识
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.vitamin n.　　　　　　维生素
2.labour-saving adj. 节省劳力的
3.microscope n. 显微镜
4.correspond vi. 通信
5.satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
6.particle n. 粒子,质点
7.premier adj. 最好的;最重要的
8.subsequently adv. 后来,随后
9.relativity n. 相对性
10.mould n. 霉,霉菌
11.penicillin n. 青霉素,盘尼西林
12.navy n. 海军
13.missile n. 导弹,飞弹
14.physicist n. 物理学家
15.tube n. 圆管,管子;电视显像管,阴极射线管
16.circuit n. 电路,线路;环形道路
17.coincidence n. 运气;巧合
18.incubation n. 孵化
19.PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n. 博士学位
20.cosmology n. 宇宙论,宇宙学
21.kettle n. 水壶,壶
22.revolution n. 彻底变革,革命
23.fibre n. (木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
24.mechanical adj. 机械的
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.health and well-being 健康和幸福
2.garbage gathering device 垃圾收集装置
3.how to split the atom 如何分裂原子
4.this outspoken young man 这个直言不讳的年轻男子
5.constant change and adjustment 不断的变化和调整
6.the finding of a recent survey 最近一项调查的发现
7.an biologist who studies insects一位研究昆虫的生物学家
8.perceive the world differently 用不同的方式感知世界
9.millions of people 数百万人
10.remain humble 保持谦虚
11.the amazing outcome 惊人的结果
12.problems begin to emerge 问题开始出现
13.overcome the difficulty 克服困难
14.a grand design 宏伟计划
15.under the influence of gravity 在重力的影响下
16.the steam engine 蒸汽机
Ⅲ.一词多义
1.instant adj.立刻的,马上的;即食的;速溶的n.片刻;瞬间
　①at that instant在那一刻
　②instant coffee速溶咖啡
2.launch vt.发射;发动,发起,开始从事n. (新产品)投入市场
　①launch a satellite发射一颗卫星
　②launch an attack 发起攻击
3.orbit n.轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行
　①the earth’s orbit around the sun地球环绕太阳的轨道
　②orbit the moon 绕月球轨道运行
4.decline vi.减少,降低 vi.& vt.谢绝;婉言拒绝 n.下降;衰退
　①a sharp decline in unemployment 失业率急剧下跌
　②decline an invitation 婉言拒绝邀请
5.bonus n.意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
　①receive an extra bonus收到一笔额外奖金
　②an added bonus of the new job这份新工作额外的好处
Ⅳ.派生单词
1.entertainment n.　 娱乐活动,娱乐节目
　entertain vt. 招待;使快乐;娱乐
　entertaining adj. 有趣的
2.gifted adj. 有天赋的,有才华的
　gift n. 天赋;天才;才能;礼物
3.productive adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
　produce vt. 生产
　product n. 产品;产物
　production n. 生产;产量
4.scientific adj. 科学(上)的
　science n. 科学
　scientist n. 科学家
5.donate vi.& vt. 捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献
　donation n. 捐赠;捐赠物
　donor n. 捐赠者
6.accuracy n. 准确性;精准度;正确,准确
　accurate adj. 正确无误的;精确的;准确的
　accurately adv. 准确地
7.joint adj. 联合的,共同的,共有的
　join vt. 参加;加入
　jointly adv. 共同地;联合地
8.efficiently adv. 有效率地,高效能地
　efficiency n. 效率
　efficient adj. 效率高的
　inefficient adj. 效率低的
9.propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等)
　proposal n. 提议;建议;求婚
10.clueless adj. 一无所知的,一窍不通的
　clue n. 线索;提示
11.evaluation n. 评估,评价
　evaluate vt. 评价;评估
12.theoretical adj. 理论的
　theory n. 理论;学说
13.boil vi.& vt. (使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮
　　　　　 n. 沸腾
　boiling adj. 很热的;炽热的
　boiled adj. 煮沸的,煮熟的
14.improvement n. 改善,改进;改进之处
　improve vt. 改善;改进
15.availability n. 可能性
　available adj. 可利用的;可获得的
16.explode vi.& vt. (使)爆炸;急剧增长
　explosion n. 爆炸
　explosive adj. 易爆炸的
17.mass n. 大量,大宗;质量
　　　adj. 大量的
　massive adj. 巨大的;非常严重的
18.sailor n. 水手,海员
　sail vi. 航行;起航
　sailing n. 帆船运动;航行
19.illustrate vt. 说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图
　illustration n. 图表;图解;实例,示例
20.regulate vt. 控制,管理
　regulation n. 规则;章程;管理
21.preserve vt. 保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护
　　　　　 n. 腌菜,果酱
　preservation n. 维护;保存
22.specifically adv. 特定地,专门地
　specific adj. 特有的;具体的;明确的
23.electric adj. 用电的,带电的,电动的
　electrical adj. 电的;用电的
　electronic adj. 电子的
　electricity n. 电;电能
Ⅴ.短语词块
1.have sth on one’s hands 有某事要处理
2.range from...to... 范围从……到……
3.figure out 算出;弄懂;弄清楚
4.single out 挑选;挑出
5.turn to sb 向某人求助
6.go out 熄灭
7.be dedicated to doing sth致力于做某事
8.be expected to do sth 被预计会做某事
9.be reduced to 减少到
10.reflect on 仔细考虑,反省
11.not to mention... 更不用说……
12.in a joint effort 在共同努力下
13.in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
14.send instant messages 发送即时信息
15.launch satellites into orbit
把人造卫星发射至轨道
16.make a discovery 发现
17.the world’s most influential scientists 世界上最有影响力的科学家
18.do research only rather than teach 只做研究而不用教学
19.put together all the ideas 汇集所有的想法
20. at the opening of the London 2012 Olympics
　在2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上
Ⅵ.教材佳句
1.If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century,you would have a real problem on your hands. (if引导虚拟条件句)
　如果你必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项,这可不是件容易的事。
2....and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. (the way作先行词的定语从句)
　……我们的通信方式也从写信变成了发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
3....it used so much energy that when it was turned on,the lights in the local town went out! (so...that...引导结果状语从句)
　……它消耗如此多的电量,以至于当它启动的时候,当地所有的灯都熄灭了!
4.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”,with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.
(with+宾语+done)
　不同国家因共同利益而连接起来,使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地
球村”。
5.Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control). [not just...but (also)...]
　霍金出名,不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出工作,还因为他克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
6.This hole led to another universe,completely separate from our own.
[形容词(短语)作状语]
　这种洞通向另一个宇宙,与我们的宇宙完全分隔。
7.In The Grand Design (2010,with Leonard Mlodinow),Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. (argue that...)
　在《大设计》(2010年出版,与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中,霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
8.As the water boiled,the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.
(as引导时间状语从句)
　当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
名词后缀-cy:①表示……的状态　②表示……的品质或等级
去t加-cy efficiency效率,效能　　　fluency流利　　　frequency频繁;频率
urgency紧急,迫切 agency代理商 emergency突发事件,紧急情况
去te加-cy accuracy准确性;精准度　 privacy隐私
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.vitamin tablets 　　　　　　　　　　片
2.labour-saving machine 　　　　　　机器
3.discover the causes of diseases under microscope
在　　　　　　下发现疾病的起因
4.launch satellites into orbit　　　　　　至轨道
5.the smallest particle of matter in the universe 宇宙中最小的物质　　　　　
6.the theory of relativity 　　　　　　论
维生素
Step One　写一写
节省劳力的
显微镜
发射卫星
微粒
相对
7.a blue mould in the dish 盘子里蓝色的　　　　　
8.the natural form of penicillin 　　　　　　的天然形式
9.be dressed in a smart navy blue suit 穿一身漂亮的　　　　　　蓝制服
10.improve the accuracy of their missiles提高他们　　　　　　的准确度
11.an outstanding physicist 一位杰出的　　　　　
12.thousands of circuits 成千上万的　　　　　
13.What a coincidence! 真是个　　　　　　!
14.after an incubation period 经过　　　　　　期之后
霉菌
青霉素
海军
导弹
物理学家
电路
巧合
孵化
15.his brilliant work in cosmology 他在　　　　　　方面的杰出工作
16.lift a kettle top 移去　　　　　　盖
17.the Industrial Revolution 工业　　　　　
18.bamboo fibre 竹　　　　　
19.mechanical clocks 　　　　　　钟
宇宙学
壶
革命
纤维
机械
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 n.　　　健康,幸福,舒适
2.　　　　　　 n. 垃圾
3.　　　　　　 n. 设备,装置;修辞手段
4.　　　　　　 adj. 立刻的,马上的
5.　　　　　　 vt. 发射;发动,发起,开始从事
6.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 分割,把……分开; 分成(不同部分)
7.　　　　　　 adj. 坦率的,直言不讳的
well being
garbage
device
instant
launch
split
outspoken
8.　　　　　　 n. 研究的结果;发现
9.　　　　　　 n. 生物学家
10.　　　　　　 vt. 察觉,注意到,发觉
11.　　　　　　 num. 百万
12.　　　　　　 adj. 谦虚的,谦卑的
13.　　　　　　 n. 结果,后果
14.　　　　　　 vi. 出现,浮现
15.　　　　　　 vt. 克服(困难),控制 (感情);征服,战胜
finding
biologist
perceive
million
humble
outcome
emerge
overcome
16.　　　　　　 vi. 减少,降低
17.　　　　　　 adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的
18.　　　　　　 n. 意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
19.　　　　　　 n. 重力,引力
20.　　　　　　 n. 水蒸气;蒸汽动力
decline
grand
bonus
gravity
steam
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　　　招待;使快乐;娱乐
　　　　　　　 adj. 有趣的
　　　　　　　 n. 娱乐活动,娱乐节目
2.　　　　　　 n. 天赋;天才;才能;礼物
　　　　　　　 adj. 有天赋的,有才华的
entertain
entertaining
entertainment
gift
gifted
3.　　　　　　 vt. 生产
　　　　　　　 n. 产品;产物
　　　　　　　 adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
　　　　　　　 n. 生产;产量
4.　　　　　　 n. 科学
　　　　　　　 adj. 科学(上)的
　　　　　　　 n. 科学家
produce
product
productive
production
science
scientific
scientist
5.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. 捐献(器官),献(血); 捐赠,捐献
　　　　　　　 n. 捐赠;捐赠物
　　　　　　　 n. 捐赠者
6.　　　　　　 adj. 正确无误的;精确的;准确的
　　　　　　　 n. 准确性;精准度;正确,准确
　　　　　　　 adv. 准确地
7.　　　　　　 vt. 参加;加入
　　　　　　　 adj. 联合的,共同的,共有的
　　　　　　　 adv. 共同地;联合地
donate
donation
donor
accurate
accuracy
accurately
join
joint
jointly
8.　　　　　　 adj. 效率高的
　　　　　　　 adj. 效率低的
　　　　　　　 adv. 有效率地,高效能地
　　　　　　　 n. 效率
9.　　　　　　 vt. 提出(某观点、方法等)
　　　　　　　 n. 提议;建议;求婚
10.　　　　　　 vt. 评价;评估
　　　　　　　 n. 评估,评价
efficient
inefficient
efficiently
efficiency
propose
proposal
evaluate
evaluation
11.　　　　　　 n. 理论;学说
　　　　　　　 adj. 理论的
12.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. (使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮
　　　　　　　 n. 沸腾
　　　　　　　 adj. 很热的;炽热的
　　　　　　　 adj. 煮沸的,煮熟的
13.　　　　　　 vt. 改善;改进
　　　　　　　 n. 改善,改进;改进之处
theory
theoretical
boil
boiling
boiled
improve
improvement
14.　　　　　　 adj. 可利用的;可获得的
　　　　　　　 n. 可能性
15.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. (使)爆炸;急剧增长
　　　　　　　 n. 爆炸
　　　　　　　 adj. 易爆炸的
16.　　　　　　 n. 大量,大宗;质量
　　　　　　　adj. 大量的
　　　　　　　 adj. 巨大的;非常严重的
available
availability
explode
explosion
explosive
mass
massive
17.　　　　　　 vi. 航行;起航
　　　　　　　 n. 水手,海员
　　　　　　　 n. 帆船运动;航行
18.　　　　　　 vt. 说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图
　　　　　　　 n. 图表;图解;实例,示例
19.　　　　　　 vt. 保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护
　　　　　　　 n. 腌菜,果酱
　　　　　　　 n. 维护;保存
sail
sailor
sailing
illustrate
illustration
preserve
preservation
20.　　　　　　 adj. 用电的,带电的,电动的
　　　　　　　 adj. 电的;用电的
　　　　　　　 adj. 电子的
　　　　　　　 n. 电;电能
electric
electrical
electronic
electricity
Ⅳ. 短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
2.　　　　　　　 算出;弄懂;弄清楚
3.　　　　　　　　 挑选;挑出
4.　　　　　　　 向某人求助
5.　　　　　　　 在共同努力下
6.　　　　　　　 熄灭
7.　　　　　　　　 仔细考虑,反省
in spite of
figure out
single out
turn to sb
in a joint effort
go out
reflect on
8.have sth on one's hands 　　　　　　　
9.not to mention... 　　　　　　　
10.range from...to... 　　　　　　 　
11.be dedicated to 　　　　　　　
12.be expected to do sth 　　　　　　　
13.be reduced to 　　　　　　　
有某事要处理
更不用说……
范围从……到……
致力于; 献身于
被预计会做某事
减少到
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:if引导虚拟条件句
　If 　　　　　the teacher,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in another way.
　如果我是这名老师,我会用另一种方式来解决这个问题。
2.句型公式:so...that...引导结果状语从句
　He blamed her 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　.
　他如此严厉地责备她,以至于那个女孩想辍学。
were
would solve the problem
so sharply that the girl wanted to drop out of/quit school
3.句型公式:as引导时间状语从句
　Some of them checked answers with others 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　他们中有些人边走边和别人核对答案。
4.句型公式:with+宾语+done
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the students stepped out
　of the classroom.
　试卷上交以后,学生们走出了教室。
as they walked
With their test papers handed in
5.句型公式:argue that...
　However,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to check answers
　before the examination ends completely.
　然而,我认为在考试完全结束之前核对答案并不是一个好主意。
I argue that it is not a good idea
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.The number of students majoring in the humanities has d　　　　　　 by about half.
2.The electronic d　　　　　　 need to be installed by a professional and we'd better leave them alone.
3.It's not entirely clear why, but it probably comes down to how the brain
p　　　　　　 these signals.
4.M　　　　　　 of dollars were spent in dealing with water pollution.
eclined
Step Two　练一练
evices
erceives
illions
5.All of these o　　　　　　 are linked to a lack of physical exercise.
6.Suddenly a terrible idea e　　　　　　 in his mind that he had fallen into a trap.
7.It was by o　　　　　　 many difficulties that the four men came to their destination.
8.The police have l　　　　　　 a major operation against drug suppliers.
utcomes
merged
vercoming
aunched
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.The children in the mountain village have no 　　　　 　　,so their teachers often tell 　　　　　　stories to 　　　　　　them after class. (entertain)
2.Brian has a 　　　　　for music and he wants to be a 　　　　　　musician like Beethoven. (gift)
3.The rice they grow this year is 　　　　　　and they hope that the
　　　　　　will be twice as much as that of last year. (product)
4.Have you ever 　　　　　　anything to the charity Last week,our organization received a large 　　　　　　of money and learning materials,but we didn't know who was the generous 　　　　　　. (donate)
entertainment
entertaining
entertain
gift
gifted
productive
production
donated
donation
donor
5.While calculating the maths problem,you should pay more attention to the
　　　　of the numbers,or you can't figure it out 　　　　　　. (accurate)
6.As an 　　　　　　secretary,she can organize various jobs 　　　　　　and improve her 　　　　　　. (efficient)
7.After months of learning,his English has 　　　　　　a lot,and his parents are also pleased with the 　　　　　　. (improve)
8.As we try our best to 　　　　　　pandas,we should also pay attention to the
　　　　　　of their habitats. (preserve)
accuracy
accurately
efficient
efficiently
efficiency
improved
improvement
preserve
preservation
Ⅲ.短语填空
figured out
turn to　reflect on　go out figure out　be reduced to be dedicated to
1.I wonder whether you have 　　　　　　how much the trip will cost.
2.I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the light
　　　　　　in the room.
3.In the past few weeks its price 　　　　 　　$8,so the majority of people can afford it.
4.There is much we can learn by 　　　　　　the stories heard when we were children.
5.Do 　　　　　　the police for assistance whenever you are in trouble.
6.Only if everyone 　 　　　　　the mission can our country develop faster and faster.
went out
has been reduced to
reflecting on
turn to
is dedicated to
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world needs innovations for our well-being.We need productive crops for the ever 1.　　　　　　(increase) population,electric labour-saving devices to work more efficiently and some new ways 2.　　　　　　(deal) with garbage. Some people think that only 3.　　　　　　(gift) people can invent new things. For example,Einstein put forward the Theory of Relativity, 4.　　　　　 shows even time,mass or length are not constant.Biologist Alexander Fleming
increasing
to deal
gifted
which
discovered penicillin. Eckert,5.　　　　　　 engineer and Mauchly,a physicist,produced a machine to improve the 6.　　　　　　 (accurate) of missiles in a joint effort.James Watt developed the steam engine.7.　　　　　　, their achievements lay in the fact that they could perceive some otherwise ignored phenomena and they overcame 8.　　　　　　 (vary) difficulties. Subsequently outstanding outcomes emerged.If we common people are 9.　　　　　 (dedicate) to the improvement of something,maybe we will cause a revolution.So if you want to find a good way to regulate traffic or to preserve food,just launch your project instantly. A bonus is 10.　　　　　　(specific) waiting for you.
an
accuracy
However
various
dedicated
specifically
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3 写作迁移
No.2 熟词生义/一词多义
1.entertainment n.娱乐节目,娱乐活动(amusement)→entertain vt.招待;使快乐;
娱乐→entertaining adj.有趣的
佳句背诵　
To my great entertainment,he promised to entertain us to ice cream.(心理描写)
令我非常高兴的是,他承诺请我们吃冰淇淋。
Our program offers a variety of entertainment options, such as theaters, clubs and bars.(活动介绍)
我们的项目提供各种娱乐选择,如剧院、俱乐部和酒吧。
to one’s entertainment　 使某人高兴的是
entertain sb to sth　 用某物招待某人
entertain sb with sth　 用某物使某人快乐
以练促学　单句语法填空/语段训练
①But it can certainly keep me 　　　　　　(entertain) while I wait for my wife to rescue me. (2024·浙江1月卷)
entertained
②Finding his mother weeping,little Tommy spared no effort to 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.He vividly told 　　　　 　 to her.
Finally, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,his mother smiled through tears.(安慰)
发现母亲在哭泣,小汤米竭尽全力用他能想到的一切来让她开心。他绘声绘色地给她讲有趣的故事。最后,让他高兴的是,他的母亲破涕为笑了。
entertain her
with whatever he could think of
entertaining stories
to his entertainment
2.gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的(talented)→gift n.天赋;天才;才能;礼物
佳句背诵　
Many gifted students and music teachers will put on performances during the music festival.(通知)
许多有天赋的学生和音乐教师将在音乐节期间进行表演。
She is a gifted writer who has published several best-selling novels.(人物介绍)
她是一位有才华的作家,已经出版了几本畅销小说。
be gifted/talented in 在……方面有天赋
have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①However 　　　　　　(gift) you are,you won’t succeed without constant effort and perseverance.
②Being the son of a skilled sailor,the boy seemed to be gifted in sailing.
→ Being the son of a skilled sailor,the boy seemed to 　　　　　　 　sailing.
gifted
have a gift for
3.correspond vi.通信;相一致;符合;相当于→correspondence n.来往信件;通信联
系;相似
佳句背诵　
If you have any question,please correspond with me at your earliest convenience. 如果你有任何问题,请尽早和我通信。
correspond with sb 与某人通信
correspond to 相当于……;类似于……
correspond with/to 与……一致;符合
in correspondence with 与……有通信联系;与……一致
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The editor welcomes 　　 　　　　(correspond) from readers and amateurs on any subject.
②Only when 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　can you build better relationships with others.
只有当你言行一致时,你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。
correspondence
what you do corresponds with/is in correspondence
with what you say
4.instant adj.立刻的,马上的;即食的 n.片刻;瞬间(moment,second)→instantly adv.
立即;马上
佳句背诵　
The bird ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up.
(动作描写;2023·浙江1月卷)
我一捡起那只鸟,它就停止了挣扎。
(1)the instant(=instantly) 一……就……
(2)表示“一……就……”的连词或短语还有:as soon as、the moment/minute、hardly...when...、no sooner...than...、directly、immediately等。
以练促学　猜测词义/单句写作
①While I admit instant coffee is very convenient,it can never replace fresh coffee.
　　　　　
②　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I sighed in relief.(心理描写;2021·浙江1月卷)
我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。
adj.速溶的
As soon as/The instant/moment/minute/Immediately/Directly my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
5.decline vi.减少,降低(fall,drop,decrease,go down)vi.& vt.谢绝;婉言拒绝 n.衰退;
下降
佳句背诵　
She declined to have lunch with her friend,saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
她说她身体不舒服,婉言拒绝了与她的朋友共进午餐。
decline to do...　 拒绝做……
decline to　 减少到……
decline by　 减少了……
a decline in 在……方面下降
in decline/on the decline 在衰退中,走下坡路
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic
　　　　　　(decline) in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades.(2023·浙江1月卷)
②As the economy was 　　　　　　decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
③The number of trees larger than two feet across has 　　 　　　　　　　
on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.(环境保护) 这项新研究发现,在超过4.6万平方英里的加州森林中,直径超过两英尺的树木数量减少了50%。
declines
in
declined by 50 percent
6.preserve vt.保存(食物)(conserve),腌制;维护,保护(protect) n.腌菜,果酱
→preservationn.维护,保存
佳句背诵　
From my point of view,some traditional old customs should be well preserved.So there is an urgent need to think of some effective preservation measures.(传统文化与习俗)
在我看来,一些传统的旧习俗应该得到很好的保护。因此,迫切需要想出一些有效的保护措施。
preserve...from/against... 保护……免受……
be well/strictly preserved 被很好/严格地保存
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well
　　　　　　　　　　 (preserve) for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.(2024·全国甲卷)
②Penicillin has played an important role in preserving wounds
　　　　　　infection and subsequently saves millions of lives.
③It is high time that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 .
现在是政府建立更多自然保护区以保护濒危物种免于灭绝的时候了。
preserved
from/against
the government set/should set up more nature preserves to preserve the endangered species from/against extinction/dying out
7.turn to求助于;转向
佳句背诵　
Whenever I have difficulties in my English study, she is the one that I will turn to first. 每当我在英语学习中遇到困难时,她都是我第一个求助的人。
(人物介绍,全国Ⅰ卷)
turn into 进入;使变成,使成为
turn off 关(水源等);离开(道路)
turn on 开,旋开(电灯等)
turn out 生产;结果为;被发现是
turn up 出现;找到
以练促学　单句写作
①　　　　　　　　　　　　,Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.(2023·全国乙卷)
事实证明,道格拉斯击败了两名俄罗斯选手,这正是她成为奥运会冠军所需要做的。
②Under the guidance of my mother,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
I first stir-fried two vegetables.(短文投稿,2023·全国乙卷)
在妈妈的指导下,我打开了煤气灶。我先炒了两份蔬菜。
As it turned out
turned on the gas cooker
My friend, Li Hua, is gifted in drawing. We correspond with each other on a regular basis to preserve our friendship. The instant I get into trouble, I turn to her for help. To my great entertainment, she never declines to help me. I regard her as my best friend.
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.(2022·全国甲卷) 　　　　　
②The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.(2022·浙江1月卷) 　　　　　
③In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(2021·全国甲卷) 　　　　 　
vt.求婚
n.额外的好处
adj.持续不断的
④He was overcome with grief and his friends were disappointed with his behavior. 　　 　　　
⑤Jack boiled when he lost the game because of his own mistake. 　　　　　
vt.受到……的极大影响
vi.怒火中烧
2.选出decline的汉语意思
A.v.谢绝;婉言拒绝　B.v.下降 C.n.衰退　 D.n.下降
①In the early 1970 s, 40 percent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 percent.The decline is not because we have all become lazy.
(2021·浙江1月卷) 　　　　　
②When the answer was no,she declined the invitation.(2022·浙江1月卷) 　　　　　
③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month. 　　　　　
④The ongoing decline in manufacturing has posed significant challenges for this company. 　　　　　
D
A
B
C
3.选出launch的汉语意思
A.vt.发射(卫星等)　B.vt.首次(上市),发行 　C.vt.发动,发起(活动、战役等)　 D.n.(新产品)投入市场
①I’m going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living.The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson,back in 1993.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
　　　　　
②It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year. 　　　　　
B
A
③Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 　　　　　
④After the launch of the products,they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high-efficient superior properties. 　　　　　
C
D
4.根据上下文写出instant的词性和词义
It took just an ①instant for Emily to realize she had left her homework at home.She knew she needed an ②instant solution,so she called her mom to bring it to school.While waiting,she quickly made herself an ③instant coffee from the cafeteria to stay awake during the long day ahead.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①n.瞬间;片刻　②adj.立刻的　③adj.即食的;速溶的
句型公式:as引导状语从句
课本原句:As the water boiled,the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.
当水沸腾时,蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
佳句背诵　
Exhausted and hungry as we were,we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
尽管我们又累又饿,但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。
(1)句中加黑部分是as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)as作连词,引导以下状语从句:
·表示“在……期间”“当……的时候”时,引导时间状语从句。
·表示“由于”时,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。
·表示“像”“按照……的方式”时,引导方式状语从句。
·用于as...as或not so/as...as中时,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。
·表示“虽然,尽管”时,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,构成“表语+as+主语+系动词”结构。
以练促学　写出下列句子中as的汉语意思/单句写作
①As time goes by,more and more people have perceived that only by joint efforts can we preserve oceans from being polluted. 　　　　　
②You should treat others as you would like to be treated. 　 　　　　
③Child as he is,he can propose some scientific improvement measures.
　　　　　
④I boiled with anger,as my son didn’t behave well at table. 　　　　　
随着
按照……的方式
尽管
因为
⑤　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　,Tom shook all over,feeling like being on pins and needles.(心理描写)
随着公共汽车越来越靠近城镇,汤姆浑身颤抖,如坐针毡。
⑥He looked behind occasionally 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　.
(动作描写)
他在森林里向前走时偶尔会向后面看。
As the bus got closer and closer to the town
as he went forward in the forest
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　核心知识运用
1.Due to the lack of 　　　　　　(science) proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.
(2024·浙江1月卷)
2.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,
the 　　　　　 (accurate) of the estimate will go down. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.Celebrate progress and keep refining toward a happy 　　　　　　(produce) existence. (2022·浙江1月卷)
scientific
accuracy
productive
4.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking
　　　　　　(donate) and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
5.　　　　　　(preserve) biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations are vital today. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
6.I really appreciate the wonderful works by those 　　　　　　(gift) student painters. (2021·浙江6月卷)
donations
Preserving
gifted
7.The old building dating back to the Song Dynasty is still in good
　　　　　　 (preserve).
8.To my 　　　　　　(entertain),the cat jumped up 　　　　　　panic when seeing the cucumber.
9.The surgeon declined 　　　　　 (attend) the ceremony,saying that he would have an important operation to perform that day.
10.A few representatives from different companies donated necessary supplies
　　　　　　the disaster area.
preservation
entertainment
in
to attend
to
维度二　单句写作
1.You should treat others 　　　　　　　　　　 　.(as引导状语从句)
　己所不欲,勿施于人。
2.As far as I was concerned,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (the way作先行词的定语从句)
　在我看来,他对待这个女孩的方式并不恰当。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 medicine,communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.
(形容词作定语)
　我们在医学、通讯和交通方面都有惊人的发现,更别提对世界和太空的认识了。
as you would like to be treated
the way (that/in which) he treated the
girl was not proper
Amazing discoveries were made in
4.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, the world as we know it today would be 　　　　　 　 　　　　.
(形容词作定语)
如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破,我们今天所熟知的世界将会是一个完全不同的地方。
a completely different place
维度三　单元知识拾遗
1.Before she could ask any question, their father 　　　　　　and told his wife about how the twins had made preparations to give her the surprise breakfast.
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
　她还没来得及问,他们的父亲就出现了,告诉他的妻子这对双胞胎是如何给她准备惊喜早餐的。
2.This job is open to all,　　　　　　　　　　 previous experience.
　这份工作任何人都可以应聘,不管其以前的工作经历如何。
3.We should preserve the environment from being polluted 　　　　　　　　.
　我们应该共同努力,保护环境不受污染。
turned up
regardless of
in a joint effort
4.The new product launch 　　　　　　　　　　　　　draw a large crowd.
　预计新品发布将会吸引大量人群。
5.Desertification occurs when fertile farmland 　　　　　　　　　　desert.
　当肥沃的农田变成沙漠时,就会发生荒漠化。
6.Unexpectedly,my father didn’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　and instead,he talked with me mildly.
　出乎意料地,父亲并没有勃然大怒,反而平和地和我交谈。
7.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, so he can’t accompany me to the bookstore.
　他手头有急事,所以不能陪我去书店了。
is expected to
turns into
explode with anger
has an urgent matter on his hands
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　 her advancing years,she is still active in a variety of activities.
　尽管年事已高,她仍然积极参加各种活动。
9.The show had a large audience,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　.
　这个节目有很多观众,从孩子到祖父母都有。
10.I have difficulty 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 proper clothes for the evening party,so could you help me
　我很难挑选适合参加晚会的衣服,你能帮我吗
In spite of
ranging from children to grandparents
singling out
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(发言稿——中国四大发明)
　　假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华,应学校要求,你需要向来学校参观的外国学生介绍中国古代的四大发明,内容包括:
1.四大发明都有哪些;
2.其对中国和世界的影响;
3.你的感想。
根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作
第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达
①我很自豪也很高兴地站在这里向大家介绍中国的四大发明,包括造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。 (形容词作状语;定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Proud and delighted,I am standing here to introduce the Four Great Inventions of China to you,which include paper making,printing,gunpowder,and the compass.
②中国历史悠久,取得了众多令人瞩目的成就,四大发明就在其中。 (among which引导定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
③四大发明意义重大,对世界发展产生了特别深远的影响。 (so...that...倒装句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
China has a long history with numerous remarkable achievements among which are the Four Great Inventions.
So significant are the Four Great Inventions that they have had an especially profound influence on global development.
④如果没有造纸术和印刷术,人类文明和文化就不会被如此完好地保存和传播。如果没有指南针,欧洲航海家就不会在海上探险中实现深入的探索和突破。 (if引导虚拟条件句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
If there hadn’t been paper making and printing,human civilization and culture would not have been so well preserved and spread. If there hadn’t been the compass,European sailors wouldn’t have explored further and made breakthroughs in the sea exploration.
⑤人们普遍认为,四大发明不仅影响了中国,而且改变了整个世界。
(argue,not only...but also...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑥作为一个中国人,我坚信我们有责任保护它们,使它们在世界上发挥更重要的作用。 (preserve)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
So it is widely argued that the Four Great Inventions not only impacted China but also transformed the whole world.
As a Chinese,I firmly believe that it is our duty to preserve them and make them play a more important role in the world.
第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)
　　Proud and delighted,I am standing here to introduce the Four Great Inventions of China to you,which include paper making,printing,　gunpowder,　and the compass.
As you have known,China has a long history with numerous remarkable achievements among which are the Four Great Inventions. So significant are the Four Great Inventions that they have had an especially profound influence on global development. If there hadn’t been paper making and printing,human civilization and culture would not have been so well preserved and spread. If there hadn’t been the compass,European sailors wouldn’t have explored further and made breakthroughs in the sea exploration.
So it is widely argued that the Four Great Inventions not only impacted China but also transformed the whole world.As a Chinese,I firmly believe that it is our duty to preserve them and make them play a more important role in the world.
Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 embarrassed adj.　尴尬的,窘迫的
clumsily adv. 笨拙地
familiar adj. 熟悉的
technological adj. 技术的,科技的
smoothly adv. 顺利地
modest adj. 谦虚的,谦逊的
词 块 turn down关小,调低;拒绝
with the development of technology随着科技的发展
keep pace with times 与时俱进
美 句 1.So embarrassed was I that I stood there clumsily, feeling the blood rushing to my face.
我感到非常尴尬,笨拙地站在那里,感觉到血液涌向我的脸。
2.It also made me realize that only by learning constantly can we handle our life easily and smoothly.
它也让我意识到,只有不断地学习,我们才能轻松顺利地应对我们的生活。
3.It’s our thirst for knowledge and strong belief in keeping pace with times that will make us better for the future!
正是我们对知识的渴求和与时俱进的坚定信念,让我们的未来更加美好!
2.续写构思训练(根据提示构思、续写语段)
场景导语:“我”一次在家乐福购买商品结束后去自动收费柜台结账→“我”自认为在技术上能力不错,不需要找人帮忙→几次尝试均未能成功→工作人员见此情景过来示范,“我”认为自己已经学会→谁知新的麻烦又出现了……
【参考范文】
What was worse, a wine bottle fell and broke, making me so annoyed. With the broken glass and blood red wine all over the place, everything paused at that moment. So embarrassed was I that I stood there clumsily, feeling the blood rushing to my face.All the air seemed to disappear and I felt as if the whole world was watching me. I’ve had just enough of it and I noticed my husband had that familiar “I told you so” look on his face and then he walked over to the assistant for help who had been turned down by me!
After the assistant helped us out, we were finally able to resolve the issue. This experience made me realize that with the development of technology, some of us have been left far behind by new technological devices, even in other fields. It also made me realize that only by learning constantly can we handle our life easily and smoothly. So, I start to make myself more modest and open to everything. It’s our thirst for knowledge and strong belief in keeping pace with times that will make us better for the future!
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2024·浙江1月卷七选五)
　　In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.　36　 But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 　37　 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.　38　 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,”says graduate student Amanda Bindman.Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple:build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses.　39　 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result.Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
　40　 A social connection is often a big part of learning.There are things you can do to ease this problem.Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track.You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
真题再做
A.But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B.Your motivation should be your main concern.
C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F.If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
答案　36.G　37.F　38.A　39.D　40.E
思维建模
设空在段首题——段落主题句
第一步 阅读空后内容,厘清段落大意
第二步 阅读各个选项,弄懂七个选项的汉语意思并标记关键词
第三步 认真阅读下文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关词,推断主题句,得出答案
以例示法
如40题,本题考查段落主题句。根据下文可知,该段是在探讨在线学习存在的一个问题,并且也提到了一名本科生给出相关建议来缓解这一问题,即可以和朋友一起上在线课程。因此,E项“对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动。”可以概括本段,并且其中的“human interaction”呼应本段第二句中的“social connection”,“complaint”则呼应本段第三句中的“problem”。故选E项。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
1.significant /s ɡ n f k nt/ adj.重要的;显著的 2.digital / d d tl/ adj.数字的,计算机(网络)的;数码的 3.set /set/ v.放,置,使处于;使开始 adj.安排好的,确定的,固定的 4.ease /i z/ v. 减轻,缓和 5.motivate / m t ve t/ v. 成为……的动机;激励,激发 6.concept / k nsept/ n. 概念 7.complaint /k m ple nt/ n. 抱怨,不满 8.interaction / nt r k n/ n. 互动(性);相互作用;相互影响 1.lose sight of忽略
2.fall behind schedule进度落后
3.end up with 以……结束
4.let sth slide 放任不管某事,任某事恶化
5.contribute to online discussion boards 参与在线讨论
6.on track 按计划进行
析 长 难 语 句 I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:I think a point...is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule;　　　　　　引导定语从句;how引导　　　　　　从句,
　　　　充当表语从句中的形式主语,　　　　　　　　　　　作真正主语。
[尝试翻译]　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
that
表语
it
to fall behind schedule
我认为很多人忽略了一点,那就是落后于计划是很容易的。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·济南高三模拟)
When Param Jaggi was five years old,he had a passion to take things apart to see what was inside.He started with toys and even broke a computer,which made his parents not too pleased.As he got older,he shifted from breaking things to building things,which greatly comforted his parents.In middle school,he started working on projects in his kitchen laboratory,and his first project was making biofuels.
Although Jaggi’s parents initially thought his experiments were just a boyhood fancy,he remained determined to make a difference to the environment.Eventually,his parents came around and started supporting his dreams.Jaggi’s interest continued as he grew up,but he focused more on solving real problems,especially those related to the environment.
At 17,Jaggi went beyond his school projects and co-founded Ecoviate,a company that uses technology to solve everyday energy and environmental problems.He planned to transform people’s idea that going green is expensive,by making available a series of affordable products that are easy to use.Through Ecoviate,he designed products that could contribute to a greener future.One of his notable inventions was the “CO2ube”,a device that could be attached to vehicle tailpipes to reduce carbon emissions,and it’s available to many people at low prices.He also created a smartwatch that changed body heat into energy,which can be used to power up the watch as well as mobile phones.
Young Jaggi,now a third-grade college student studying engineering and economics,has become a famous eco-innovator and his company is developing promisingly.However,Jaggi’s vision to save the environment goes beyond creating products.He plans to launch an online platform through Ecoviate,which will encourage young students interested in science and technology to get actively involved in innovation and invention.Students can submit a science project online,and talk about the help that they need to make the project a reality.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小就有好奇心和创造力的Jaggi在17岁时与别人共同创办Ecoviate公司以生产解决日常环境问题的产品的事迹。
1.What can we learn about Jaggi
A.He was curious by nature.
B.He dreamed of being an engineer.
C.He always annoyed his parents.
D.He was addicted to playing with toys.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When Param Jaggi was five years old,he had a passion to take things apart to see what was inside.”和“he shifted from breaking things to building things”可知,Jaggi很喜欢拆卸、组装事物,所以他应该是一个天性好奇的人,故选A项。
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined part “came around” in
Paragraph 2
A.Won out. B.Changed their minds.
C.Walked around. D.Paid a visit.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“made his parents not too pleased”和画线词前面的“Jaggi’s parents initially thought his experiments were just a boyhood fancy”可知,起初Jaggi的父母对他的实验并不开心,并且认为他的实验不过是少年转瞬即逝的爱好罢了;再根据画线词后面的“started supporting his dreams”可知,Jaggi的父母态度发生了变化,故选B项。
3.What drove Jaggi to develop affordable and user-friendly products
A.His love for greener devices.
B.His pursuit of an academic career.
C.His desire to make a difference.
D.His hope to boost green industry.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He planned to transform people’s idea that going green is expensive”可以看出,Jaggi开发价格实惠、用户友好的产品是为了改变人们认为环保成本高昂的观念,从而对环境做出贡献,故选C项。
4.Why does Jaggi plan to launch an online platform
A.To promote smart products.
B.To empower young inventors.
C.To provide eco-themed courses.
D.To offer environmentalists funds.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“which will encourage young students...involved in innovation and invention”可知,Jaggi推出在线平台是为了鼓励对科学技术感兴趣的年轻学生积极参与创新和发明,故选B项。
(2025·广州高三冲刺训练题)
Human history is full of horse stories like guiding cowboys home on foggy nights and taking wounded soldiers through battle zones.Such sensible and highly trained horses made Eakta Jain,a computer scientist and roboticist,think of robots.“A horse that can take a rider home on its own would be the highest level of autonomy,” Jain says.“You trust them with your life.”She was drawn to learning how such relationships form and if it could help improve human-robot interactions.
For a year,Jain engaged herself in the horse world.She watched classes in horse training,and she also talked with students,instructors,trainers and horse owners.Along the way,Jain even learned to ride.
Horses learn signals from their trainers on how to comfortably interact with people.People,too,must learn their part.Riders must learn what a horse wants or how it feels based on its behavior,and what signals to use to direct horses to perform in desired ways.Jain found some similarities,here,to working with robots.People must learn how to direct robots to do specific tasks.They also must
learn what to do when robots don’t perform as planned.The goal is to program robots that will respond predictably to inputs from people.But like horses, autonomous robots also should be able to respond on their own as conditions change.For example,a self-driving car must stop to avoid hitting something,even if some human mistakenly tells it to keep going.
Trainers and riders work with horses to build respect.Horses show that respect by matching their pace to a human or giving someone who is leading them a safe degree of personal space.Trainers begin their work with a horse by getting them to show signs of respect in basic interactions,Jain says. Later, trainers will develop more complex interactions.Gradually,a horse’s respect can grow into trust.
But that trust is not given.And there may be a similar limitation with robots.What would it mean for robots and people to respect and trust each other For now,she adds,this is largely uncharted territory.But she’s looking to build a path.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机科学家及机器人专家Eakta Jain从马与人的关系中获得研发自主机器人的灵感,并以此帮助改进人与机器人之间的互动。
5.What drew Eakta Jain’s attention to horses
A.Horses’ amazing performance.
B.Long history of horse training.
C.Horse-human interdependence.
D.Her horse-riding experience.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知,这些有判断力且训练有素的马让计算机科学家和机器人专家Eakta Jain想到了机器人,“一匹可以独自带骑手回家的马将是最高级别的自主,你可以把生命托付给它们”,她很想了解这种关系是如何形成的,以及它是否有助于改善人机交互。由此可知,马的惊人表现吸引了Eakta Jain对马的注意,故选A项。
6.What are the robots of the highest autonomy designed to do
A.To act like real horses.
B.To show respect for humans.
C.To follow instructions from humans.
D.To make independent and sensible decisions.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But like horses...on their own as conditions change.”可知,像马一样,自主机器人也应该能够在条件变化时自行做出反应。下文关于自动驾驶汽车的例子也说明了这一点。由此可知,自主性最高的机器人被设计用来做出独立且明智的决定,故选D项。
7.What will Jain’s future research most probably focus on
A.The limitations of robots.
B.Trust between robots and humans.
C.The path toward higher robot efficiency.
D.Similarities between horses and robots.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Jain认为“机器人和人类相互尊重和信任意味着什么 ”这个问题目前在很大程度上仍是一个未知领域,而她想要开辟一条道路,由此可知,Jain未来的研究重点是机器人和人类之间的信任,故选B项。
8.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.History of Human-Horse Relationship
B.Secrets of Human-Animal Interactions
C.The Role of Trust in Human-Robot Partnerships
D.Horses as the Inspiration for Autonomous Robots
√
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的“Such sensible and highly trained horses made Eakta Jain,a computer scientist and roboticist,think of robots.”可知,机器人专家从马与人类的关系中得到研发自主机器人的灵感,接下来重点介绍了其灵感来源以及未来的研究重点等。由此可知,D项“马作为自主机器人的灵感来源”最适合作文章标题,故选D项。
(2025·重庆高三联考)
An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases.Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells.These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神经元) growth in damaged lab dish regions.This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing,and disease treatment.
This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin,Professor of Biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences,and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells,capable of various functions including self-copying,for a limited number of cycles.However,it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species.
In their latest study,Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells,with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots.
Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish,facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage.
“It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells,without changing their DNA,can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works,and asking what else these constructs can do,” says Levin.
One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses.These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete.
Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions,posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce,have no genetic changes,and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用人类细胞研发出微型生物机器人,以用于疾病治疗创新工具。
9.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients
A.Replace human cells.
B.Facilitate neuron growth.
C.Create new human cells.
D.Move across tissue surfaces.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“have exhibited a remarkable healing(治愈)effect by stimulating neuron(神经元)growth in damaged lab dish regions”可知,该人类细胞生物机器人通过刺激实验室培养皿中受损区域的神经元的生长从而展现出惊人的治愈效果。由此可知,该微型机器人在治愈病人方面是通过促进神经元生长的方式来完成的,故选B项。
10.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Made. B.Divided.
C.Copied. D.Designed.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知,Anthrobots可以从人类细胞中研制出来。而第三段内容肯定了第一段第二句所说明的事实,即“Anthrobots确实可以从人类细胞中研制出来”。make制造;divide分开,分散;copy复制;design设计。画线词与make的含义最接近,故选A项。
11.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots
A.They can be easily created from patients’ cells.
B.They can be used in many controlled environments.
C.They can avoid causing immune responses.
D.They can have genetic changes when necessary.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in...without leading to immune(免疫的)responses.”可知,这种从患者的细胞中构建的微型生物机器人执行愈合任务不会导致免疫反应,故选C项。
12.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from
A.Advanced Science.
B.Sportsnet Magazine.
C.Art in America.
D.National Geographic.
√
解析　文章出处题。本文主要讲述科学家从人类细胞中构建出微型生物机器人,这种机器人优于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”。由此可推知,本文最有可能摘自《前沿科学》杂志,故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·东北三省四城市高三质量监测)
Problem-solving skills are increasingly valuable in the workplace—and could help you achieve more in your personal life too.Here’s how to enhance your strategy.
Develop analytical thinking
The key to effective problem-solving is the ability to break down complex issues into smaller,more manageable components: 　1　.This involves systematically deconstructing a problem,understanding its differences and identifying the relationships between its various elements.Begin by clearly defining the problem at hand,identifying its key components and recognizing the interconnections between them.
Promote creativity
　2　.To develop creativity,you must engage in activities that can stimulate your imagination and form new ideas.Additionally,exposing yourself to different fields,experiences and cultures can serve as a source of creative problem-solving.
Strengthen communication skills
Clear and brief communication is the key to effective problem-solving,acting as the bridge that connects diverse perspectives and adjusts individuals toward a common goal.Good communication begins with the art of expression.This needs choosing the right words and structuring information logically.Active listening,on the other hand,is the skill of receiving information with focus.　3　.
Learn from mistakes
Mistakes are not failures but a good way to success.　4　.Analyze what goes wrong,identify areas for improvement and use this knowledge to inform your future problem-solving efforts.It not only accelerates the learning process but also encourages collective problem-solving skills.
　5　
The journey to becoming an expert problem solver is an ongoing process of growth and improvement.Seeking continuous learning opportunities ensures that you stay ahead of changing challenges and acquire the necessary skills.Furthermore,networking with professionals in your field provides a good way of shared learning.
A.Stay well informed
B.Seek continuous learning
C.Improving it requires a structured approach
D.Each mistake will give you a chance to think and learn
E.Out-of-the-box thinking is essential for problem-solving
F.These will make sure your message is easy to understand
G.It involves not just hearing words but understanding the differences
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了培养解决问题的能力的几个具体做法。
1.C　[空前一句提到有效解决问题的关键是把复杂问题分解成更小的、更可处理的部分的能力,空后一句提到这就涉及系统性地拆解一个问题,理解它的不同并且确认各种因素之间的关系。C项“提升这个能力需要一个结构化的方法”承上启下,符合语境。C项中的it指代上文中的“the ability”。]
2.E　[本段小标题是“提升创造力”,空后讲述为了培养创造力你需要做什么。故E项“非常规思维对于解决问题至关重要”承上启下,符合语境。E项中的“Out-of-the-box thinking”(非常规思维)与小标题中的creativity是同义转换。]
3.G　[空前讲主动倾听是有重点地接收信息的技巧。G项“它不仅仅涉及听(对方所讲的)话,而且还涉及理解不同之处”进一步讲述了有关主动倾听的信息,承接上文,符合语境。]
4.D　[空前讲错误不是失败,而是通往成功的好途径,D项“每一个错误都会给你一次思考和学习的机会”承接上文,且能引出下文所讲的具体该如何做的内容。故选D项。]
5.B　[段落主旨句。下文讲到成为一个解决问题的专家是一个需要不断成长和完善的过程。寻求持续不断的学习机会能够确保你提前为不断变化的挑战做准备并获得必要的技巧。因此可推知,该段主要讲述了第五个策略——寻求持续学习。故选B项。]
单 词 聚 焦 1.transform /tr ns f m/ v.使改变形态;使转换　2.promisingly / pr m s li/ adv.有希望地
3.wounded / wu nd d/ adj.受伤的,负伤的 4.similarity / s m l r ti/ n.相似性,类似性
5.specific /sp s f k/ adj.明确的,具体的;特定的 6.predictably /pr d kt bli/ adv.可预见地
7.autonomous / t n m s/ adj.有自主能力的,自主的
8.limitation / l m te n/ n.限制;限度;局限
9.uncharted / n t ɑ t d/ adj.无人涉足的,陌生的,人迹罕至的
10.territory / ter tri/ n.领域;领土,领地
11.innovative / n ve t v/ adj.引进新思想的;采用新方法的,革新的;创新的
12.outperform / a tp f m/ v.做得比……更好,胜过
13.increasingly / n kri s li/ adv.越来越多地;不断增加地
14.analytical / n l t kl/ adj.分析的;解析的;分析性的
plex / k mpleks/ adj.复杂的;难懂的;费解的
ponent /k m p n nt/ n.组成部分;成分;部件
17.systematically / s st m t kli/ adv.系统性地 18.identify /a dent fa / v.确认;发现
19.strengthen / stre n/ v.加强 20.logically / l d kli/ adv.逻辑上
词 块 积 累 1.work on从事,致力于　　　　　　　　
2.be attached to爱慕……,依恋……;附属于……
3.power up给……供电(等);使(机器)启动
4.be addicted to对……上瘾;沉溺于
5.engage sb in sth使……参与……;使……从事……
6.originate from源于
7.break down分解
8.be absorbed into被吸收进;被同化
9.act as担任;扮演;充当;起……作用
10.on the other hand另一方面
长 难 句 式 1.He planned to transform people’s idea that going green is expensive,by making available a series of affordable products that are easy to use.
[分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:He planned to transform people’s idea that going green is expensive...。第一个that引导同位语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词affordable products。
[译文]　他计划通过提供一系列价格合理且易于使用的产品来改变人们认为环保成本昂贵的想法。
2.It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’cells,without changing their DNA,can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.
[分析]　本句是一个复合句,可简化为:It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’cells...can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage。It为形式主语,指代that引导的主语从句;without changing their DNA为介词短语作状语。
[译文]　既极其有趣又完全出乎意料的是,正常患者的细胞,在不改变其DNA的情况下,可以自行移动,并促使神经元在受损区域生长。

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