资源简介

必修第二册　UNIT 4　Exploring literature
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.earnest adj.　　 非常认真的;诚实的,真诚的
2.section n. 部分,部门;部件,散件
3.chapter n. 章节;篇章
4.autobiography n. 自传
5.element n. 要素,基本部分
6.strain n. 用劲,使力;压力,拉力;重负
7.flash n. 闪光;闪现
vt.& vi. (使)闪光;(使)闪现
8.butterfly n. 蝴蝶
9.shell n. 贝壳;壳
10.turkey n. 火鸡;火鸡肉
11.weave vi.& vt. 迂回行进,穿行;编
12.mean adj. 吝啬的,小气的;不善良的,刻薄的
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.an envelope containing bills装有账单的信封
2.heart and soul 全心全意地
3.the feature of the novel 小说的特点
4.bridge the gap between us 缩小我们之间的差距
5.a specific topic 一个特定的话题
6.on the stage 在台上
7.destroy one’s reputation 毁坏某人的名声
8.suffer defeat 遭受失败
9.at the first attempt 第一次尝试
10.launch a satellite 发射卫星
11.social issue 社会问题
12.historical novels 历史小说
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.devote vt.　　 致力,专心,献身
devoted adj. 全心全意的,忠诚的;挚爱的
devotion n. 奉献;挚爱;忠诚
2.appeal vi. 有吸引力;申诉;呼吁,恳求
n. 吸引力;申诉;呼吁
appealing adj. 有吸引力的;恳求的
3.determine vt. 确定;支配;决心
vi. 决心
determination n. 决心;坚定
determined adj. 坚决的;果断的
4.significant adj. 有重要意义的,显著的
significance n. 意义;含义
significantly adv. 显著地;意味深长地
5.description n. 描述,形容,说明
describe vt. 描述,形容
6.reflect vt.& vi. 反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思
reflection n. 反射;反映;映像;思考
7.awaken vt.& vi. 唤起,被唤起;(使) 醒来
awake adj. 醒着
8.permanence n. 永久,持久性
permanent adj. 长久的;永久的;永恒的
9.summary n. 总结,概括,概要
summarise vt. & vi. 总结,概括,概述
10.particular adj. 特别的,格外的;特指的;挑剔的
particularly adv. 特别;尤其
11.collect vt. 收集;聚集;募捐
collection n. (同类)收藏品;作品集;募捐
12.transport vt. 运输,运送
n. 交通运输系统;交通车辆;运输
transportation n. 运输;交通工具,运输工具
13.generosity n. 慷慨,大方,宽宏大量
generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的;丰富的
generously adv. 慷慨地,大方地
14.poetry n. 诗集,诗歌
poet n. 诗人
poem n. 诗;韵文
15.extremely adv. 极其,非常,极端
extreme adj.& n. 极端(的);极度(的)
16.confused adj. 糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的
confuse vt. 使迷惑;使糊涂
confusing adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的
confusion n. 不确定,困惑;混淆;混乱局面
17.literature n. 文学,文学作品
literary adj. 文学的;爱好文学的;有典型文学作品特征的
18.universal adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
universe n. 宇宙;天地万物
universally adv. 全体地,一致地,共同地;到处
19.straighten vt. 挺直;(使)变直,变正
straight adv. 笔直地;直接
adj. 直的
20.sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的
sense n. 感觉;感觉官能;理解力
sensible adj. 明智的;合理的
21.capable adj. 有能力,有才能;能力强的
capability n. 能力
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.draw on　　 凭借,利用
2.have nothing to do with 与……无关
3.make the best of 充分利用
4.make an effort to do 尽力做
5.clear up (头脑)清醒;使整洁,清理
6.appeal to 对……有吸引力;向……呼吁
7.be capable of 有能力;能够
8.attempt to do sth 尝试做某事
9.come across (偶然)遇见;碰见;被理解;被弄懂
10.take on 呈现;承担;雇用,聘用
11.devote oneself to 致力,专心,献身
12.in store (for sb) 即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)
13.in particular 尤其,特别
14.in summary 总的来说
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(动作描写,be doing...when...)
一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步,这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳,把它放到了他的耳边。
2.What amazed the child was not a new world,but the unnoticed music of the old.(what引导主语从句)
令孩子惊奇的不是一个新世界,而是旧世界那未曾被注意的音乐。
3.Behind every book is a man,behind the man is the race,and behind the race are the natural and social environments.(完全倒装)
每本书背后都有一个人,此人身后是一个族群,这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
4.No doubt drawing on his own experiences,Cao Xueqin gives a detailed description of what life was like at that time.(No doubt...,what引导宾语从句)
曹雪芹无疑是根据自己的经历,对当时的生活进行了详尽的描述。
5.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.(部分倒装)
我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着、更崇高的东西,我的老弟。
6.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(动作描写,with复合结构)
大鱼正正身子,又慢慢地游开,大尾巴在空中摆动着。
词汇横拓串记
前缀trans-常用词一览 “文学”相关词汇集锦 “in+n.”短语集萃
①transport v.& n.运输,运送 ②translate vt.& vi.翻译 ③transplant vt.移植 ④transfer vt.& vi.转移;转学 ⑤transform vt.使改变形态 ⑥transmit vt.& vi.传送;输送;发射;传播(疾病) ①literature n.文学(作品) ②collection n.作品集 ③novel n.(长篇)小说 ④poetry n.诗集;诗歌;诗作 ⑤biography n.传记(作品) ⑥autobiography n.自传体写作 ⑦essay/prose n.散文 ⑧science fiction科幻电影(或小说等) ①in summary总的来说 ②in particular尤其,特别 ③in return作为回报 ④in detail详细地 ⑤in order井然有序 ⑥in place在适当的位置 ⑦in vain徒劳地 ⑧in conclusion总之
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.a small section of the autobiography
这部自传的一小部分
2.roast turkey　　　 烤火鸡
3.the final section of the essay 文章最后一节
4.a very pretty butterfly 一只非常漂亮的蝴蝶
5.the most important element 最重要的元素
6.carve on shells 在贝壳上雕刻
7.weave webs 织网
8.the first chapter of the book 书的第一章节
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.destroy vt.　　　 摧毁,毁灭,破坏
2.gap n. 差距;间隙
3.soul n. 灵魂;心性,内心
4.contain vt. 包含,含有,容纳
5.attempt vt.& n. 努力,尝试,试图
6.issue n. 重要议题,争论的问题;问题,担忧;(报刊)一期
vt. 宣布,公布
7.specific adj. 特定的;明确的,具体的
8.feature n. 特色,特征
vt. 以……为特色,是……的特征
9.topic n. 话题;题目;标题
10.stage n. 舞台;阶段;步骤
vt. 上演,举办
11.defeat vt. 击败,战胜
n. 失败,战败;击败
12.novel n. (长篇)小说
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.devote vt. 致力,专心,献身
devoted adj. 全心全意的,忠诚的;挚爱的
devotion n. 奉献;挚爱;忠诚
2.appeal vi. 有吸引力;申诉;呼吁,恳求
n. 吸引力;申诉;呼吁
appealing adj. 有吸引力的;恳求的
3.determine vt. 确定;支配;决心
vi. 决心
determination n. 决心;坚定
determined adj. 坚决的;果断的
4.permanent adj. 长久的;永久的;永恒的
permanence n. 永久,持久性
5.describe vt. 描述,形容
description n. 描述,形容,说明
6.significant adj. 有重要意义的,显著的
significance n. 意义;含义
significantly adv. 显著地;意味深长地
7.generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的;丰富的
generously adv. 慷慨地,大方地
generosity n. 慷慨,大方,宽宏大量
8.poet n. 诗人
poem n. 诗;韵文
poetry n. 诗集,诗歌
9.literary adj. 文学的;爱好文学的;有典型文学作品特征的
literature n. 文学,文学作品
10.universe n. 宇宙;天地万物
universal adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
universally adv. 全体地,一致地,共同地;到处
11.sense n. 感觉;感觉官能;理解力
sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的
sensible adj. 明智的;合理的
12.confuse vt. 使迷惑;使糊涂
confusing adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的
confused adj. 糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的
confusion n. 不确定,困惑;混淆;混乱局面
13.capable adj. 有能力,有才能;能力强的
capability n. 能力
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.make the best of　　 充分利用
2.have nothing to do with 与……无关
3.clear up (头脑)清醒;使整洁,清理
4.draw on 凭借,利用
5.make an effort to do 尽力做
6.come across (偶然)遇见;碰见;被理解;被弄懂
7.in store (for sb) 即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)
8.in particular 尤其,特别
9.appeal to 对……有吸引力;向……呼吁
10.be capable of 有能力;能够
11.attempt to do sth 尝试做某事
12.in summary 总的来说
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:完全倒装
Standing outside the classroom is a boy,lowering his head and crying silently.(动作描写)
正站在教室外的是一位男孩,他低着头,静静地哭着。
2.句型公式:be doing...when...
I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my bare feet got stuck on the step.(动作描写)
我正匆忙上楼梯,这时我的一只赤脚卡在了一节台阶上。
3.句型公式:with复合结构
With exams approaching, it’s a good idea to review your class notes.
随着考试临近,复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.The film was banned because it contained a number of extremely violent scenes.
2.It is quite normal for you to fail at the first attempt and perseverance matters.
3.The government will never be able to bridge the gap between the rich and poor.
4.Hemingway is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”.
5.Attached to the email is the specific information about the online talk.
6.The main feature of the author’s works is the use of his own experience.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.My father is a devoted teacher,whose devotion to education earns him lots of respect.(devote)
2.This girl described what she had seen and heard,giving a vivid description of the event as if she had attended it herself.(describe)
3.I was in confusion after you told me such a confusing story.Tom said he also felt confused.(confuse)
4.From the determined expression on his face,we knew that he was determined to take up the job,which needed great patience and determination.(determine)
5.Uncle Wang is a kind and generous old man and he generously contributed a lot of money to the village primary school last week.His generosity is worth admiring.(generous)
6.He is capable of memorizing fifty English words in five minutes,so he has the capability to understand the difficult English article.(capable)
Ⅲ.短语填空
(
come across
　　
clear up
　
appeal to
be capable of
　
in particular
)
1.Keep in mind that we are capable of overcoming our weaknesses,as long as we determine to.
2.Developed countries,in particular,should bear the responsibility for environmental problems.
3.I don’t mind you using the kitchen as long as you clear up afterwards.
4.I am writing to ask some advice from you on what kind of Chinese conventional culture appeals to the foreigners like you most.
5.Don’t refer to a dictionary every time you come across an unknown word.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are many 1.respectable (respect) people around us.They may be our teachers,parents or one of our 2.elders(elder).As for me,my uncle Marines is the person I respect most.Now,I give you a brief introduction about him.Marines is a noble man 3.belonging (belong) to the upper class.He devotes 4.himself (he) to literature and has made significant achievements.He has a large 5.collection(collect) of books,containing some famous classic novels 6.which/that have been donated to the local libraries.So people in our town respect him for his generosity.Besides,he has a sensitive soul and often shows sympathy for 7.the old.I remember he once told me that no one knows what life has in store 8.for them.He also appeals to some authors 9.to donate(donate)some of their books to the libraries.Because of his kindness and generosity,some suggest that a biography should 10.be written(write) for him.It reflects their earnest respect for my uncle.
1.devote vt.献身,致力,专心→devoted adj.挚爱的;全心全意的,忠诚的→devotion n.奉献;挚爱;忠诚
佳句背诵　
The person I admire most is my English teacher who devotes himself to his teaching. (人物介绍)
我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师,他致力于教学。
devote...to (doing) sth 把……用在/献给 (做)某事上
devote oneself to 献身;致力;专心
be devoted to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
以练促学　单句语法填空
①Responsible and devoted (devote) to community work,he is praised by the people around.(人物介绍,全国Ⅰ卷)
②It is his devotion (devote) to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree.(人物介绍)
教考衔接　 单句写作
③Although I had devoted my time and energy to the contest, I didn’t believe I could outdo Anne in writing.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
虽然我把时间和精力都花在了比赛上,但我不相信我能在写作上超过安妮。
2.appeal vi.有吸引力;申诉;呼吁;恳求 n.吸引力;申诉;呼吁;恳求 →appealing adj.有吸引力的
(attractive);恳求的
佳句背诵　
I am writing to appeal to/make an appeal to everyone to take an active part in building a more beautiful school.(倡议书)
我写信是为了呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的学校。
appeal to sb 吸引某人,使某人感兴趣
appeal to sb for sth 为某事恳求某人
appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事
make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth
为某事向某人恳求/呼吁
以练促学　一句多译
①海洋对我们人类来说非常重要,所以我呼吁每个人都来保护它们。(短文投稿,2022·全国甲卷)
→Oceans are quite significant to us humans,so I appeal to everyone to protect them.(appeal vi.)
→Oceans are of quite significance to us humans,so I make an appeal to everyone to protect them.(appeal n.)
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as appealing (appeal).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.determine vt.确定;支配;决心 vi.决心 →determined adj.坚决的;果断的 →determination
n.坚定;决心
佳句背诵　
David determined on/upon taking part in the cross-country run, his eyes twinkling with great determination.(心理描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫决定参加越野赛跑,他的眼里闪烁着极大的决心。
determine to do sth 决心做某事(表动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态)
with determination 坚定地
以练促学　语段训练
①She is a determined girl.So we know that once she has determined to do something,she will make her dream come true with great determination.(人物介绍)
她是一个有决心的女孩。所以我们知道,一旦她决定做某事,她会以极大的决心使她的梦想成真。
教考衔接　单句写作
② Determined to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”,I am writing to ask you for some precious advice.(求助信,2023·北京卷)
我决定要策划一场以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动,因此写信向您请教一些宝贵的建议。
4.significant adj.有重要意义的,显著的 →significance n.意义;含义 →significantly
adv.显著地;意味深长地
佳句背诵　
It is widely accepted that calligraphy is significant to Chinese culture.(传统文化)
人们普遍认为,书法对中国文化具有重要意义。
it is significant that... 很明显……
be significant (to)=be of significance to/for...对……有重要意义(to为介词)
attach significance to... 认为……重要;重视(to为介词)
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①Significantly (significant), people attach greater significance to taking regular exercise.
→It’s significant that people attach greater significance to taking regular exercise.(用形式主语it改写①)
教考衔接　单句写作
②World Oceans Day was set up to make people aware that protecting the oceans is of great significance.(演讲稿,2022·全国甲卷)
设立世界海洋日是为了让人们意识到保护海洋是很重要的。
5.reflect vt.& vi.反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思 →reflection n.反射;反映;
映像;思考
佳句背诵　
When faced with failure,we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others.(建议信)　当面对失败时,我们应该反省自己,而不是把责任推给别人。
reflect on/upon sth 反省某事
be reflected in 倒映在;反映在
be lost in reflection 陷入深思
on/upon reflection 再三考虑
以练促学　单句写作/句式升级
①On hearing my words,he hung his head,lost in deep reflection.(动作描写)
听到我的话,他低下了头,陷入沉思中。
②David lowered his head,sat on the ground quietly and reflected on what I said to him just now.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly,reflecting on what I said to him just now.(分词短语作状语)
教考衔接　单句写作
③I painted a beautiful lake with ducks swimming and trees reflected in the water.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我画了一个美丽的湖,里面有鸭子在游泳,树木倒映在水中。
6.contain vt.包含,含有,容纳;控制;抑制 →container n.容器;集装箱;货柜
佳句背诵　
Unable to contain his anger, he stormed out of the room.(心理+动作描写)
他无法抑制自己的愤怒,气得冲出房间。
contain oneself 控制自己,自制
contain one’s+情感名词 抑制某种情感
[点拨]　
contain和include都有“包含,含有”的意思,但它们的用法不同。contain侧重于所含有的数量和成分;include侧重于范围,表示整体和部分的关系,常以“including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included”的形式出现。
以练促学　选词填空/单句写作
①The box contains a number of letters,including those from her admirers and her husband’s letters included as well.(contain/include)
②Learning that I had won the first prize,I couldn’t contain my excitement and bounded into the teacher’s office.(心理+动作描写,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
得知我赢得了一等奖,我无法抑制我的兴奋,连蹦带跳地进了老师的办公室。
教考衔接　 单句语法填空
③Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing (contain) separate portions (份).(2024·浙江1月卷)
片段巩固 用devote; appeal;determine;significant;reflect; contain完成“环境保护”的片段
写作提示:投身对她有吸引力的环境保护→她的热情将决定她将对这项事业做出重大贡献→她的工作不仅反映了她对大自然的爱,而且还包含了对生命的尊重
　　She decided to devote her career to environmental conservation, a field that had a great appeal for her. Her passion would determine the significant contributions she would make to the cause. Her work not only reflected her deep love for nature but also contained the respect for life.
7.particular adj.特别的,格外的;特指的;挑剔的 →particularly adv.特别;尤其
佳句背诵　
What I particularly/in particular stress/emphasize is that the self-study room enables us to study more independently and more efficiently.(邀请信,2022·浙江6月卷)
我尤其强调的是自习室能够让我们更独立更高效地学习。
be particular about/over 对……挑剔/讲究
in particular=particularly 尤其,特别
以练促学　单句写作
①I am not particular about/over my clothes while my wife minds what I wear.
我不怎么讲究着装,而我的妻子却很在乎我穿什么。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.(2025·八省联考)
③We were particularly (particular) interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data.(2024·全国甲卷)
8.attempt vt.& n.试图,尝试,努力,企图→attempted adj.未遂的
佳句背诵　
He attempted to play a complex piece of music, challenging himself to reach new heights of musical skill.(人物描写)
他尝试演奏一首复杂的音乐作品,挑战音乐技能新高度。
attempt to do... 尝试/试图做……
make an attempt to do/(at) doing...
尝试做……
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to 企图;试图;为了
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①A man who is related to last night’s attempted (attempt) murder is being investigated.
②Don’t be upset because of this failure,because few can succeed at the first attempt.
不要因为这次失败而感到沮丧,因为很少有人能在第一次尝试中成功。
教考衔接　单句写作
③I appreciate your attempt to enhance our oral English by randomly organizing pair work in class.(建议信,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我感谢您尝试在课堂上随机组织配对活动来提高我们的口语。
9.confused adj.糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的→confuse vt.使糊涂;使迷惑→confusing adj.难以理解的;不清楚的→confusion n.不确定,困惑;混淆;混乱局面
佳句背诵　
The exciting result was completely beyond my expectation, which made me confused and uneasy.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这个令人兴奋的结果完全超出了我的预期,这让我感到困惑和不安。
confuse...with... 把……和……混淆
be/get confused with/about 对……感到困惑
in confusion 迷惑地;困惑地
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①My teacher suddenly grinned,“I have good news for you.” I looked at him in confusion.(神态+语言描写,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②Confused with/about the present situation,he was at a loss what to do next.(形容词短语作状语)
他对目前的情况感到困惑,不知道下一步该怎么办。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Faced with students’ confused look, she did not utter any word except flashing a radiant smile and going away.(神态+动作描写,2024·浙江1月卷)
面对学生们困惑的表情,她没有说一句话,只是露出灿烂的微笑然后离开了。
10.draw on/upon凭借,利用,依赖(rely/depend on)
佳句背诵　
In an attempt to buy his favourite instrument,John determined to draw on this holiday to earn some money.
为了买他最喜欢的乐器,约翰决定利用这个假期赚些钱。
draw in (天黑)渐早;使卷入
draw out (天黑)渐晚;拖延,拉长
draw near/closer 接近,靠近
draw one’s attention 引起某人的注意
draw a conclusion (from sth)
(从某事中)得出结论
draw sth from/out of 从……中提取/抽出
以练促学　单句写作
①With the Chinese Poetry Contest drawing near/closer,I’d like to offer you some practical suggestions.(with复合结构,建议信)
随着中国诗歌比赛的临近,我想给大家提供一些实用的建议。
②We can draw a conclusion that email plays an important role in our daily life.
我们可以得出结论,电子邮件在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。
教考衔接　 单句写作
③Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race,which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
上周日举办了一场特别的越野赛跑,几乎引起了我们学校每个学生和老师的注意。
11.come across (偶然)遇见(encounter,run across,meet with);碰见;被理解;被弄懂
佳句背诵　
My uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.
每当我遇到困难,我叔叔就会激励我坚持梦想。
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come out 出版;结果是;(花)开放
come up 走上前来;(太阳、月亮)升起;发生;被提及;被讨论(无被动形式)
come up with sth 找到/提出某事(物)
When it comes to... 当谈到……
以练促学　语段训练
①I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.He said his new book would come out next month.We also talked about the accident that came about that day.We came up with an idea to help the driver,who came from a poor family.
昨天我在街上碰见一位老朋友。他说他的新书下个月出版。我们还谈到了那天发生的事故。我们想出了一个主意帮助那名来自一个贫穷家庭的司机。
教考衔接　 单句写作
②The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River.(2024·全国甲卷)
政府一直在努力寻找措施以解决这个问题,特别是在较贫穷的伏尔加河东部农村地区。
片段巩固 用particular;attempt;confused;draw on;come across完成片段
写作提示:尝试去解决特别难的数学问题→最初感到困惑→然后,借鉴以前的知识→翻阅笔记时遇到类似例子,获得启发→成功解决问题
　　Yesterday, I made an attempt to solve a particularly difficult math problem. However, at first,I got confused and couldn’t find the right way. Then, I decided to draw on my previous knowledge. Fortunately, when I was looking through my notes, I came across a similar example that gave me some inspiration. Finally, I managed to solve the problem.
1.句型公式:be doing...when...
课本原句:A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步,这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳,把它放到了他的耳边。
佳句背诵　
He was walking cautiously along the road when his feet slipped and he fell over.(动作描写)
他在路上小心翼翼地走着,这时突然脚一滑,摔倒了。
be doing...when...“正在做……这时(突然)……”,其中when为并列连词,相当于and at this/that time。
when为并列连词的类似句型:
(1)be about to do/be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时(突然)……
(2)had just done...when...刚做了……这时(突然)……
以练促学　单句写作
①I was about to give up/was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
②I had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground.
我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来,这时房子塌了。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Mother had just woken up when she was greeted by the delicious smell of food, creating a welcoming atmosphere in the home.(环境描写,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
母亲刚醒来时,就闻到了食物诱人的香味,这种香味营造出一种温馨的家庭氛围。
2.句型公式:完全倒装
课本原句: Behind every book is a man,behind the man is the race,and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
每本书的背后都有一个人,此人身后是一个族群,这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
佳句背诵　
Present at the meeting were our beloved teachers, whose insights and dedication have profoundly impacted our growth.(人物介绍)
我们敬爱的老师们出席了会议,他们的见解和奉献深刻影响了我们的成长。
完全倒装的几种情况:
(1)out、in、into、down、up、away、here、now、then、there等表示方位和时间的副词或者表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。
(2)当用作表语的形容词、分词置于系动词前面时,句子也要完全倒装,构成“形容词/分词+系动词+主语”结构。
以练促学　单句写作/翻译句子
①In front of the farm flows a small river,which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery.
农场前流过一条小河,这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。
②以下是如何平衡兼职工作和学习的三条建议。(建议信)
Here are three suggestions on how to keep a balance between a part-time job and study.
教考衔接　 单句写作
③A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
几周后我几乎已经忘记比赛的时候,传来了消息。我被告知在写作比赛中获得了一等奖。
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.(2021·全国甲卷)vt.支配;影响
2.The government issued a warning that the strikers should end their action or face dismissal.vt.发布
3.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.adj.新颖的,新奇的
4.We reached the stage where we’d given up any hope of curing her cat.n.阶段
5.Hearing the amusing story,John couldn’t contain his amusement any more.vt.忍住,抑制
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.mean adj.吝啬的,小气的;不善良的;刻薄的vt.意欲;打算;意味着;表示……的意思
①You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)vt.打算
②The underlined phrase“taken aback” in the last paragraph means “shocked”.vt.表示……的意思
③Though she is wealthy,she’s always been mean with money.adj.小气的,吝啬的
④It’s generally believed that it is mean to speak ill of others.adj.不善良的
⑤It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)vt.意味着
2.appeal vi.有吸引力;上诉,申诉;呼吁,恳求 n.吸引力;申诉;呼吁
①Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)n.吸引力
②He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder.vi.上诉,申诉
③Sports have become an important form of entertainment,appealing to both men and women.vi.有吸引力
④Shocked at the waste of food around us,I appeal to everyone to stop wasting and value the grain.vi.呼吁,恳求
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Never will I sign up for the writing competition without your encouragement, so my thanks is beyond description (describe).(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.A new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely (extreme) important for human well-being.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷改编)
3.Also,people aren’t willing to change their views about food and nutrition as there is so much confusing (confuse) information online.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
4.He handed it to his wife,and she was gone in a flash down the road to buy a new tire iron.
5.Words failed me to convey my thanks for his kindness and generosity (generous).
6.From my point of view/In my view,it’s the love contained in it that really counts.
7.He is a very open-minded man,and won’t be particular over/about these small things.
8.If you fail at the first attempt,there is no need to care about that.
9.In summary,your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on/upon how you learn.
10.Determined (determine) to come back to the stage,the dancer struggled with his injuries bitterly.
11.The beautiful scenery in this region truly appeals to tourists from all over the world.
12.The professor was giving the summing-up of his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.
维度三　完成句子
1.What is important is that we should set aside some time every day for sports so that we can keep ourselves energetic.
重要的是,我们每天都应该留出一些时间做运动,这样我们才能保持精力充沛。
2.There is no doubt that I am the best person to take up the job.
毫无疑问我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。
3.In summary, the project was a success, achieving all its goals and receiving positive feedback.
总之,这个项目取得了成功,达成了所有目标,并得到了积极的反馈。
4.Contrary to me, my partner was in particular competitive and extremely serious.
与我相反,我的搭档特别好强而且极其认真。
5.The team made great efforts to clean up the park, working together to make it beautiful again.
该团队尽了很大的努力清理公园,共同让它再次变得美丽。
6.He firmly believed that his career was sure to take off,so he decided to take on more employees.
他坚信他的事业一定会腾飞,所以他决定雇用更多的员工。
Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(推荐信——文学作品)
假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Anna最近对中国文学很感兴趣。她想请你推荐一本经典文学作品。内容包括:
1.作品简介;
2.推荐理由。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①我非常高兴你对中国文学感兴趣。(extremely,literature)
I’m extremely delighted that you are interested in Chinese literature.
②当谈到最令人印象深刻的一句话时,“己所不欲,勿施于人”立刻出现在我的脑海里。(when it comes to...,impressive)
When it comes to the most impressive sentence for me,“Do not do to others what you don’t want others to do to you” immediately came to my mind.
③这句话来自孔子著名的《论语》,他致力于著述和教育。(devote oneself to,非限制性定语从句)
The sentence comes from a famous book The Analects of Confucius by Confucius,who devoted himself to writing and education.
④它不仅教会了我如何与他人和睦相处,也帮助我对他人有更多的同情和慷慨。(generosity,倒装)
Not only does it teach me how to get along well with others but also helps me have more sympathy and generosity for others.
⑤它反映了中国人非常重视的礼貌和礼节,通过遵循它,一个和谐的社会必将实现。(reflect,accomplish)
It reflects politeness and good manners, which Chinese attach much importance to,and by following it, a harmonious society is bound to be accomplished.
⑥我相信读者会特别受益,对中国的风俗和文化有更深入的了解。(particularly)
I’m sure readers will particularly benefit a lot and have a more thorough understanding of Chinese customs and cultures.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Dear Anna,
I’m extremely delighted that you are interested in Chinese literature.When it comes to the most impressive sentence for me,“Do not do to others what you don’t want others to do to you” immediately came to my mind.
The sentence comes from a famous book The Analects of Confucius by Confucius, who devoted himself to writing and education.From my point of view,not only does it teach me how to get along well with others but also helps me have more sympathy and generosity for others.Moreover, it reflects politeness and good manners, which Chinese attach much importance to,and by following it, a harmonious society is bound to be accomplished.
I’m sure readers will particularly benefit a lot and have a more thorough understanding of Chinese customs and cultures.
Yours,
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
1.语料积累
单 词 handmade adj.　　手工制作的 hardworking adj.　　 勤奋的 talented adj. 有才华的 earn v. 挣钱 beggar n. 乞丐
词 块 in front of在……前面 support one’s family 养家 judge persons by their appearances 以貌取人 look like 看起来像 from that day on 从那天起 make an effort 努力 make assumptions 做出假设 be based on 根据……
靓 句 1.At first glance,I thought he was just a beggar asking for money. 乍一看,我以为他只是一个乞讨钱的人。 2.I was amazed by his creativity and talent. 我对他的创造力和才华感到惊讶。
2.场景片段训练(偶遇路人的启发:不要以貌取人)
One day,while I was walking home from school,I noticed a young boy sitting on the sidewalk ①with his hat in front of him (前面放着他的帽子).②At first glance (乍一看),I thought he was just a beggar asking for money.However,as I walked past him,something attracted me to stop and talk to him.
③As we started talking (当我们开始交谈时),I discovered that he wasn’t a beggar at all.He was actually selling handmade keychains that he had created himself.④I was amazed by his creativity and talent (我对他的创造力和才华感到惊讶).We talked for a while longer,and I learned that he was using the money he earned from selling his keychains ⑤to help support his family (帮助养家糊口).
This experience taught me ⑥not to judge persons by their appearances (不要以貌取人).The young boy may have looked like a beggar,but he was actually a hardworking and talented individual.⑦From that day on (从那天起),I made an effort to not make assumptions about people based on their looks.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　(2024·全国甲卷阅读D)
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor.It was my junior year of undergraduate,and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot,and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie,with all his patience,asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters,endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course,I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver,but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me,and I never thought about endings the same way again.From then on,if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy,I’d pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess,I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说).One where I kind of knew what was going to happen,historical fiction.Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard.It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable,but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere,one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue(期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.If it’s short stories,Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—but it might provide what you need to get there.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在教授的启发下,重新思考文学作品不同结局的特点和意义。
32.Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie
A.To discuss a novel.
B.To submit a book report.
C.To argue for a writer.
D.To ask for a reading list.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者在大学三年级时正在进行一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究,并刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》。因此作者去找教授是为了讨论小说的结局,故选A项。]
33.What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie
A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B.Readers are often carried away by characters.
C.Each type of literature has its unique ending.
D.A story which begins well will end well.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在教授的启发下意识到,不同类型的文学作品有其特有的结局。如果想要读一个注定幸福的结局,就读爱情小说;如果想要读一个猜不出的结局,就读悬疑小说,故选C项。]
34.What is expected of a good ending
A.It satisfies readers’ taste.
B.It fits with the story development.
C.It is usually positive.
D.It is open for imagination.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,一个好的结局需要平衡创造性和不可预测性,同时又不能显得突兀,还需要符合角色的发展,故选B项。]
35.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims
A.To give examples of great novelists.
B.To stress the theme of this issue.
C.To encourage writing for the magazine.
D.To recommend their new books.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,作者提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了说明本期《Writer’s Digest》杂志的主题,即帮助读者了解如何写出一个好的结尾,故选B项。]
思维建模
说明文的3个解题技巧
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:undergraduate n.大学生,本科生; literature n.文学;著作;positive adj.积极乐观的; outcome n.结果;Para.2:guarantee v.担保;提供 Para.2:from then on从那时起;pick up挑选;拿起;aha moment n.顿悟时刻;Para.3:carry so much weight with readers对读者来说很有分量; Para.4:break down分解
析 长 难 语 句 Para.1:He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters,endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句。suggest后是宾语从句,宾语从句中介词短语between...and...作difference的定语;三个endings后是定语从句,且第三个endings后的定语从句中含有一个由even if引导的让步状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　他建议我考虑一下我想要的角色的结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别,即使后者不是传统上的美好结局,那也是满足于故事需要的。 [语言赏析]　这句话通过对结局不同类型的对比,以及对“我想要的”和“适合角色的”两种结局的详细阐释,深刻地探讨了故事结局设计的复杂性和多样性。句子的逻辑清晰,结构紧密,通过并列、对比和让步等修辞手法,表达了结局并不一定要完美才能满足故事的需求。
课时作业　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·定州高三模拟)
The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in.Here are four of them to feed your imagination.
A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson
How did it all begin And how did we get here Combining history and science,the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions.Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history.It explains scientific topics in a vivid way,but it’s quite a long read.
Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe
How do helicopters work Or cells Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English.It will shift your approach to explanation.So,next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name.However,additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience.
Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake
What does it feel like to fly into space How do you prepare for it Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space.The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science,as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station.Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers,but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language.
Deep Time by Riley Black
Want to know the story of our planet Riley Black takes us on a journey,in the order of time,through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet.The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments.It also expands on key concepts in geology,astronomy and biology.Yet,measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺).
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四本书的情况。
1.Which book is organized in the format of question and answer
A.A Short History of Nearly Everything.
B.Thing Explainer.
C.Ask an Astronaut.
D.Deep Time.
答案　C　[细节理解题。首先,阅读题干,锁定关键词“question and answer”;然后,扫读原文,定位到原文倒数第二段“Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers...”;最后,将选项与原文比对可知,Ask an Astronaut是以问答的形式组织的,故选C项。]
2.What’s a shortcoming of Thing Explainer
A.It is rather too long.
B.It is written in plain language.
C.It lacks technical terms.
D.It fails to include clear images.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段“However,additionally providing more technical terms...and learning experience.”可知,Thing Explainer的缺点是缺乏专业术语,故选C项。]
3.What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common
A.They combine science and history.
B.They feature vivid illustrations.
C.They introduce astronauts’ daily life.
D.They entertain readers of all ages.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Combining history and science...these questions.”以及最后一段“The fascinating high-quality images...astronomy and biology.”可知,A Short History of Nearly Everything和Deep Time的共同之处在于都结合了科学和历史,故选A项。]
(2025·昆明“三诊一模”高三质量检测)
Why do we universally appreciate cartoons Because they are visual—the humor unfolds right before our eyes.As writers,we have a unique challenge to craft worlds,including humorous ones,using only words.
At first glance,writers and cartoonists have vast different toolboxes and skill sets.But if you look closely,you will notice similar devices,such as simplification,exaggeration (夸张) and contrast.
In many literary forms,decoration enriches a piece.That’s not true for humor writing—humor can get lost with too many details.Adding a bit of shading will give depth to an illustration,yet there’s usually no need to detail every feature.There’s a thin line between plain and funny,and the difference often lies in whether a writer adheres to the universal comedic principle,“less is funnier.” By simplifying complex situations,characters,plots and reactions,your work becomes more digestible and humorous.
Exaggeration is one of the most straightforward and effective comedic tools.As a humor writer,don’t shy away from every chance to stretch the truth,whether by understatement or overstatement.However,effective humor is truth-based.The relationship between exaggeration and realism in humor is like stretching a rubber band (橡皮筋).A little stretching,even repeated stretching,is no problem.However,overstretching the band will cause it to break,as well as the humor and the readers’ trust.
Contrasting is the juxtaposition (并列) of elements not usually coupled,a technique that cartoonists use to create humorous mismatches by placing significantly different elements side by side.As writers,we can use juxtaposition to brainstorm new humor angles and create funny mismatches.
Humor is at its funniest when it’s visual,and writers can craft more humorous material by employing the same techniques used by cartoonists.By thinking and writing visually,you can show the funny to readers.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要建议作家使用简化、夸张和对比的方式达到幽默的效果,通过视觉化的思考和写作,向读者展示有趣的东西。
4.What do writers and cartoonists have in common in expressing humor
A.They craft worlds literally.
B.They focus closely on details.
C.They employ techniques alike.
D.They get through to readers easily.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,乍一看,作家和漫画家的工具箱和技能组合大不相同,但如果你仔细观察,你会注意到类似的手段,如简化、夸张和对比。由此可知,他们采用的技术是相似的,故选C项。]
5.What does the underlined phrase “adheres to” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Break. B.Follow.
C.Revise. D.Challenge.
答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据下文的“comedic principle,‘less is funnier.’”并结合语境可推知,此处表示平淡和滑稽之间只有微妙的分际,区别往往在于作家是否遵循普遍的喜剧原则:“越少越有趣。”通过简化复杂的情况、人物、情节和反应,作品会变得更加易于理解和幽默。故画线短语应该是“遵循”的意思,与follow的意思最为接近,故选B项。]
6.What is a way to achieve humor according to the author
A.Overstating simple situations.
B.Shying away from the truth.
C.Reducing the number of characters.
D.Combining uncoupled elements.
答案　D　[细节理解题。倒数第二段谈到对比是通过将显著不同的元素并排放置来创造幽默的不匹配。作家可以用并列来集思广益,想出新的幽默角度,创造有趣的不匹配。故可知,实现幽默的手法就是把不相结合的元素组合在一起,故选D项。]
7.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A review of modern cartoons.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.An introduction to painting skills.
D.A guidebook for passionate readers.
答案　B　[文章出处题。第一段谈到“As writers...using only words.”(作为作家,我们面临着一个独特的挑战,即只用文字来创造世界,包括幽默的世界),然后接下来谈到如何做到完美的幽默,最后一段又建议作家可以通过采用与漫画家相同的技术来制作更多的幽默素材,通过视觉化的思考和写作,向读者展示有趣的东西。由此可知,本文与写作艺术有关,故项B项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·池州高三模拟)
Joe works as a school teacher.Every New Year,he tries to bring 　1　 to his students.He usually gives books to his students.But this time,something completely different happened and Joe 　2　 this new idea to his mom.
Joe’s mother loves to knit (编织).On the eve of New Year he invited the school children to 　3　 for themselves “winter hats of their dreams”,better with 　4　 colors.Everyone did so,but no one even
　5　 what would happen next.The kids 　6　 painted their cute hats with colors before handing them in.And then Joe’s mom made their fantasies 　7　! Yes,the children were simply delighted to find real hats! Of course,Joe’s mother could not always 　8　 the exact color,let alone colorful hats.However,what does it really 　9　 when real New Year magic is happening before your eyes
The vast majority of people gave this teacher the most huge 　10　 and to his wonderful mom as well.After all,not everyone actually 　11　 how much work,time and love goes into these small hats.“Hats 　12　 to your mom! She’s amazing!” one of the students wrote.“It’s absolutely 　13　 when teachers really put their soul into the educational process.”
People will be aware that THIS is the 　14　.Passion,deep love and hard-work characterize this profession.“THANK YOU to you and your mom.” Perhaps this is the best comment,and we should only join in the 　15　.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位教师让他的妈妈给班上的学生织冬帽以给学生带来惊喜,并将爱与激情投入到教学中的故事。
1.A.life B.hope
C.joy D.confidence
答案　C　[life生命;hope希望;joy快乐;confidence自信。根据下文可知,此处指的是给学生们带来“快乐”,故选C项。]
2.A.forces B.owes
C.applies D.feeds
答案　B　[force迫使;owe归功于;apply应用;feed喂养。根据上文中的“But this time,something completely different happened”和下文中的“this new idea to his mom”和“Joe’s mother loves to knit.”可知,此处指的是乔把这个新点子“归功于”妈妈,故选B项。]
3.A.draw B.sing
C.dance D.play
答案　A　[draw画;sing唱;dance跳舞;play玩耍。根据下文中的“winter hats of their dreams”和“painted their cute hats with colors”可知,此处提到了“梦想中的冬帽”,由此可推断,此处表达的是要学生们“画”一幅画,故选A项。]
4.A.complex B.rare
C.mixed D.solid
答案　D　[complex复杂的;rare罕见的;mixed混合的;solid纯色的。根据上文“better with”以及下文“Of course,Joe’s mother could not always 　　　　the exact color,let alone colorful hats.”可知,此处指的是乔的妈妈不能编织太复杂的颜色,所以让孩子们最好用“纯色”画梦想中的冬帽,故选D项。]
5.A.knew B.denied
C.suggested D.warned
答案　A　[know知道;deny拒绝;suggest建议;warn警告。根据上文中的“Everyone did so”以及下文中的“what would happen next.”可知,每人都做了,结合but可推断,此处指的是没有人“知道”接下来会发生什么,故选A项。]
6.A.hurriedly B.eagerly
C.nervously D.casually
答案　B　[hurriedly匆忙地;eagerly热切地;nervously提心吊胆地;casually漫不经心地。根据下文中的“painted their cute hats with colors before handing them in”可知,孩子们用彩笔给可爱的小帽子涂色,完成后才交上去,可以看出孩子们反应热切,由此可推断,此处“热切地”符合语境,故选B项。]
7.A.go mad B.come true
C.catch on D.show off
答案　B　[go mad发疯;come true变成现实;catch on变得流行;show off炫耀。根据下文中的“the children were simply delighted to find real hats”可知,孩子们发现这些竟是真正的帽子,欣喜不已,由此可推断,此处指的是乔的妈妈让他们画的梦想“变成现实”,故选B项。]
8.A.match B.paint
C.describe D.change
答案　A　[match匹配;paint绘画;describe描述;change改变。根据语境以及下文中的“the exact color,let alone colorful hats”可知,乔的母亲在把孩子们“梦想中的冬帽变成现实”,但要想匹配到与画的冬帽一样的颜色是困难的,更不用说色彩斑斓的颜色,由此可知推断,此处指的是 “匹配”完全相同的颜色,故选A项。]
9.A.inspire B.save
C.matter D.control
答案　C　[inspire激励;save拯救;matter要紧,事关紧要;control控制。根据下文“when real New Year magic is happening before your eyes”可知,当你亲眼目睹真正的新年魔法时,找不到完全匹配的颜色又有什么关系呢 空白处应表示“要紧,事关紧要”,故选C项。]
10.A.breakout B.knockout
C.handout D.shout out
答案　D　[breakout逃脱;knockout击倒;handout救济品;shout out公开感激或赞赏。根据上文中的“The vast majority of people gave this teacher the most huge”并结合语境可知,此处讲述的是人们对乔和他的妈妈所做的事情的反应,也就是给他们致以“公开感激赞赏”,故选D项。]
11.A.restricts B.requires
C.realizes D.regrets
答案　C　[restrict限制;require要求;realize意识到;regret懊悔。根据下文中的“how much work,time and love goes into these small hats”可知,此处表示不是每人都能“意识到”这些帽子背后付出了多少,故选C项。]
12.A.over B.on
C.away D.off
答案　D　[over向……上方;on在……之上;away离开(某距离);off从……移开。根据下文中的“She’s amazing!”可知,此处表示的是向乔的母亲致敬,hats off to意为“脱帽向……致敬”,故选D项。]
13.A.fearless B.senseless
C.priceless D.meaningless
答案　C　[fearless无畏的;senseless无知的;priceless宝贵的,无价的;meaningless无价值的。根据下文中的“when teachers really put their soul into the educational process”可知,此处指的是当老师们真正将灵魂投入到教育过程中时,那是非常“宝贵的”,故选C项。]
14.A.ending B.acting
C.thinking D.teaching
答案　D　[ending结尾;acting表演;thinking思考;teaching教育。根据上文中的“It’s absolutely 　　　　when teachers really put their soul into the educational process.”可知,此处指的是真正的“教育”应该有的样子,故选D项。]
15.A.gratitude B.communication
C.promise D.harmony
答案　A　[gratitude感激;communication表达;promise承诺;harmony和谐。根据上文中的“THANK YOU to you and your mom”可知,这是一个表达感谢的语句,由此可推断,此处指的是人们对这位老师及其母亲所付出的努力和爱心表示“感激”,故选A项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·南京高三调研)
The art of seal engraving (篆刻) is a foundation of China’s fine arts.It has been
1.　　　　　　 inseparable part of classic Chinese art.In September 2009,China’s seal-engraving art
2.　　　　　　 (add) to the list of UNESCO’s items of intangible cultural heritage.
The seal-engraving art,3.　　　　　　 (date) back to the Shang Dynasty,has a history of more than 3,000 years.The art form developed rapidly during the Qin Dynasty,4.　　　　　　 people engraved their names on utensils (器皿) and in documents to claim ownership.
Soon after Qin Shi Huang unified China,he ordered craftsmen to use jade to make an imperial seal called “Xi”.Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names 5.
(mark) the ownership of their calligraphy and paintings.
In 1904,Xiling Seal Engravers’ Society was founded with the 6.　　　　　　 (combine) efforts of seal artists from different schools and places 7.　　　　　　 it was the first of its kind in China.
Today seals are still 8.　　　　　　 wide use in official documents and private letters.With engraved seals gaining worldwide 9.　　　　　　 (appreciate) in recent years,an increasing number of people 10.　 (become) fascinated with the items.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了篆刻艺术的重要性及其发展演变史。
1.an　[考查冠词。空处修饰名词part,且名词前有形容词修饰。根据句意“它一直是中国古典艺术不可分割的一部分”可知,此处表示泛指,且inseparable的发音以元音音素开头,故填词an。]
2.was added　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语In September 2009可知,时态用一般过去时。主语China’s seal-engraving art表示第三人称单数,且与add之间是被动关系,故填was added。]
3.dating　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语。空处与逻辑主语The seal-engraving art之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词。date back to“追溯到”,是固定短语,故填dating。]
4.when　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为表示时间的the Qin Dynasty,从句缺状语,故填when。]
5.to mark　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,构成非谓语动词短语作目的状语,应用不定式,故填to mark。]
6.combined　[考查词性转换。空前是定冠词the,空后是名词efforts,故空处应用形容词修饰名词,故填combined。]
7.and　[考查并列连词。空前后均为成分完整的句子,结合句意可知,前后句之间是并列关系,故填and。]
8.in　[考查介词。in wide use“在广泛使用中”,是固定短语,故填in。]
9.appreciation　[考查词性转换。空处作gaining的宾语,且空前有形容词worldwide修饰,故空处应用名词,故填appreciation。]
10.have become　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可知,时态用现在完成时。主语为an increasing number of people,且a number of 表示数个,谓语动词用复数形式,故填have become。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:incredible adj.不可思议的;Para.2:entertaining adj.娱乐的,有趣的;Para.3:illustration n.插图;explanation n.解释;enhance vt.增强;Para.4:insight n.了解;洞察力;cutting-edge adj.尖端的;format n.格式;descriptive adj.描述性的
B Para.1:universally adv.一致地;共同地;visual adj.视觉的,视力的;Para.2:vast adj.巨大的; contrast n.明显的差异,对比,对照v.对比,对照;Para.3:enrich v.使丰富;principle n.原则,原理;Para.4:straightforward adj.简单的;坦诚的;effective adj.有效的;realism n.现实主义; Para.5:element n.要素,基本原理;significantly adv.有重大意义地,显著地,明显地
A Para.5:shape　熟义:n.形状;生义:vt.塑造
B Para.1:craft　熟义:n.工艺,手艺;生义:v.(尤指用手工)精心制作 Para.6:employ　熟义:v.雇用;生义:v.运用,应用,使用
A Para.1:a sense of wonder好奇心;Para.2:a long read长时间阅读
B Para.2:at first glance乍一看;Para.4:shy away from(因缺乏信心、担心或紧张而)回避,避开
长 难 句 式 A Para.3:Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English. [分析]　这是一个复合句。how引导宾语从句,作动词explains的宾语。 [译文]　Randall Munroe用插图和仅仅最常用的一千个英语单词来解释事物的运作方式。
B Para.3:There’s a thin line between plain and funny,and the difference often lies in whether a writer adheres to the universal comedic principle,“less is funnier.” [分析]　这是一个由and连接的并列句。whether引导从句作介词in的宾语。 [译文]　平淡与幽默之间有一条细微的界线,而这种差异往往在于一个作家是否遵循普遍的喜剧原则:“越少越有趣。”(共184张PPT)
UNIT 4　Exploring literature
必修第二册
主题语境:小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、
经典演讲、文学名著等
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.earnest adj.　　 非常认真的;诚实的,真诚的
2.section n. 部分,部门;部件,散件
3.chapter n. 章节;篇章
4.autobiography n. 自传
5.element n. 要素,基本部分
6.strain n. 用劲,使力;压力,拉力;重负
7.flash n. 闪光;闪现
vt.& vi. (使)闪光;(使)闪现
8.butterfly n. 蝴蝶
9.shell n. 贝壳;壳
10.turkey n. 火鸡;火鸡肉
11.weave vi.& vt. 迂回行进,穿行;编
12.mean adj. 吝啬的,小气的;不善良的,刻薄的
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.an envelope containing bills 装有账单的信封
2.heart and soul 全心全意地
3.the feature of the novel 小说的特点
4.bridge the gap between us 缩小我们之间的差距
5.a specific topic 一个特定的话题
6.on the stage 在台上
7.destroy one’s reputation 毁坏某人的名声
8.suffer defeat 遭受失败
9.at the first attempt 第一次尝试
10.launch a satellite 发射卫星
11.social issue 社会问题
12.historical novels 历史小说
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.devote vt.　　 致力,专心,献身
　devoted adj. 全心全意的,忠诚的;挚爱的
　devotion n. 奉献;挚爱;忠诚
2.appeal vi. 有吸引力;申诉;呼吁,恳求
　　　　n. 吸引力;申诉;呼吁
　appealing adj. 有吸引力的;恳求的
3.determine vt. 确定;支配;决心
　　　　　vi. 决心
　determination n. 决心;坚定
　determined adj. 坚决的;果断的
4.significant adj. 有重要意义的,显著的
　significance n. 意义;含义
　significantly adv. 显著地;意味深长地
5.description n. 描述,形容,说明
　describe vt. 描述,形容
6.reflect vt.& vi. 反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思
　reflection n. 反射;反映;映像;思考
7.awaken vt.& vi. 唤起,被唤起;(使) 醒来
　awake adj. 醒着
8.permanence n. 永久,持久性
　permanent adj. 长久的;永久的;永恒的
9.summary n. 总结,概括,概要
　summarise vt. & vi. 总结,概括,概述
10.particular adj. 特别的,格外的;特指的;挑剔的
　particularly adv. 特别;尤其
11.collect vt. 收集;聚集;募捐
　collection n. (同类)收藏品;作品集;募捐
12.transport vt. 运输,运送
　　　　　 n. 交通运输系统;交通车辆;运输
　transportation n. 运输;交通工具,运输工具
13.generosity n. 慷慨,大方,宽宏大量
　generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的;丰富的
　generously adv. 慷慨地,大方地
14.poetry n. 诗集,诗歌
　poet n. 诗人
　poem n. 诗;韵文
15.extremely adv. 极其,非常,极端
　extreme adj.& n. 极端(的);极度(的)
16.confused adj. 糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的
　confuse vt. 使迷惑;使糊涂
　confusing adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的
　confusion n. 不确定,困惑;混淆;混乱局面
17.literature n. 文学,文学作品
　literary adj. 文学的;爱好文学的;有典型文学作品特征的
18.universal adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
　universe n. 宇宙;天地万物
　universally adv. 全体地,一致地,共同地;到处
19.straighten vt. 挺直;(使)变直,变正
　straight adv. 笔直地;直接
　　　　 adj. 直的
20.sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的
　sense n. 感觉;感觉官能;理解力
　sensible adj. 明智的;合理的
21.capable adj. 有能力,有才能;能力强的
　capability n. 能力
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.draw on　　　　　　 凭借,利用
2.have nothing to do with 与……无关
3.make the best of 充分利用
4.make an effort to do 尽力做
5.clear up (头脑)清醒;使整洁,清理
6.appeal to 对……有吸引力;向……呼吁
7.be capable of 有能力;能够
8.attempt to do sth 尝试做某事
9.come across (偶然)遇见;碰见;被理解;被弄懂
10.take on 呈现;承担;雇用,聘用
11.devote oneself to 致力,专心,献身
12.in store (for sb) 即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)
13.in particular 尤其,特别
14.in summary 总的来说
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(动作描写,be doing...when...)
　一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步,这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳,把它放到了他的耳边。
2.What amazed the child was not a new world,but the unnoticed music of the old.(what引导主语从句)
　令孩子惊奇的不是一个新世界,而是旧世界那未曾被注意的音乐。
3.Behind every book is a man,behind the man is the race,and behind the race are the natural and social environments.(完全倒装)
　每本书背后都有一个人,此人身后是一个族群,这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
4.No doubt drawing on his own experiences,Cao Xueqin gives a detailed description of what life was like at that time.
(No doubt...,what引导宾语从句)
　曹雪芹无疑是根据自己的经历,对当时的生活进行了详尽的描述。
5.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.(部分倒装)
　我从没见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更沉着、更崇高的东西,我的
老弟。
6.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.(动作描写,with复合结构)
　大鱼正正身子,又慢慢地游开,大尾巴在空中摆动着。
词汇横拓串记
前缀trans-常用词一览 “文学”相关词汇集锦 “in+n.”短语集萃
①transport v.& n. 运输,运送 ②translate vt.& vi. 翻译 ③transplant vt. 移植 ④transfer vt.& vi. 转移;转学 ⑤transform vt. 使改变形态 ⑥transmit vt.& vi. 传送;输送;发射;传播(疾病) ①literature n. 文学(作品) ②collection n. 作品集 ③novel n. (长篇)小说 ④poetry n. 诗集;诗歌;诗作 ⑤biography n. 传记(作品) ⑥autobiography n. 自传体写作 ⑦essay/prose n. 散文 ⑧science fiction 科幻电影(或小说等) ①in summary总的来说
②in particular尤其,特别
③in return作为回报
④in detail详细地
⑤in order井然有序
⑥in place在适当的位置
⑦in vain徒劳地
⑧in conclusion总之
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.a small section of the autobiography
这部　　　　　　的一小部分
2.roast turkey　　　　　　　 烤　　　　　
3.the final section of the essay 文章最后　　　　　
4.a very pretty butterfly 一只非常漂亮的　　　　　
5.the most important element 最重要的　　　　　
自传
Step One　写一写
火鸡
一节
蝴蝶
元素
6.carve on shells 在　　　　　　上雕刻
7.weave webs 　　　　　　网
8.the first chapter of the book 书的第一　　　　　
贝壳
织
章节
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　 摧毁,毁灭,破坏
2.　　　　　　 n. 差距;间隙
3.　　　　　　 n. 灵魂;心性,内心
4.　　　　　　 vt. 包含,含有,容纳
5.　　　　　　 vt.& n. 努力,尝试,试图
6.　　　　　　 n. 重要议题,争论的问题;问题,担忧;(报刊)一期
vt. 宣布,公布
destroy
gap
soul
contain
attempt
issue
7.　　　　　　 adj. 特定的;明确的,具体的
8.　　　　　　 n. 特色,特征
vt. 以……为特色,是……的特征
9.　　　　　　 n. 话题;题目;标题
specific
feature
topic
10.　　　　　　 n. 舞台;阶段;步骤
vt. 上演,举办
11.　　　　　　 vt. 击败,战胜
n. 失败,战败;击败
12.　　　　　　 n. (长篇)小说
stage
defeat
novel
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 vt. 致力,专心,献身
　　　　　　　 adj. 全心全意的,忠诚的; 挚爱的
　　　　　　　 n. 奉献;挚爱;忠诚
2.　　　　　　 vi. 有吸引力;申诉;呼吁,恳求
　　　　　　　n. 吸引力;申诉;呼吁
　　　　　　　 adj. 有吸引力的;恳求的
devote
devoted
devotion
appeal
appealing
3.　　　　　　 vt. 确定;支配;决心
　　　　　　　vi. 决心
　　　　　　　 n. 决心;坚定
　　　　　　　 adj. 坚决的;果断的
4.　　　　　　 adj. 长久的;永久的;永恒的
　　　　　　　 n. 永久,持久性
5.　　　　　　 vt. 描述,形容
　　　　　　　 n. 描述,形容,说明
determine
determination
determined
permanent
permanence
describe
description
6.　　　　　　 adj. 有重要意义的,显著的
　　　　　　　 n. 意义;含义
　　　　　　　 adv. 显著地;意味深长地
7.　　　　　　 adj. 慷慨的,大方的;丰富的
　　　　　　　 adv. 慷慨地,大方地
　　　　　　　 n. 慷慨,大方,宽宏大量
significant
significance
significantly
generous
generously
generosity
8.　　　　　　 n. 诗人
　　　　　　　 n. 诗;韵文
　　　　　　　 n. 诗集,诗歌
9.　　　　　　 adj. 文学的;爱好文学的;有典型文学作品特征的
　　　　　　　 n. 文学,文学作品
10.　　　　　　 n. 宇宙;天地万物
　　　　　　　 adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
　　　　　　　 adv. 全体地,一致地,共同地;到处
poet
poem
poetry
literary
literature
universe
universal
universally
11.　　　　　　 n. 感觉;感觉官能;理解力
　　　　　　　 adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的
　　　　　　　 adj. 明智的;合理的
12.　　　　　　 vt. 使迷惑;使糊涂
　　　　　　　 adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的
　　　　　　　 adj. 糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的
　　　　　　　 n. 不确定,困惑;混淆;混乱局面
13.　　　　　　 adj. 有能力,有才能;能力强的
　　　　　　　 n. 能力
sense
sensitive
sensible
confuse
confusing
confused
confusion
capable
capability
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　充分利用
2.　　　　　 　　 与……无关
3.　　　　　　　　 (头脑)清醒;使整洁,清理
4.　　　　　　　　 凭借,利用
5.　　　　　　　 尽力做
6.　　　　　　　　 (偶然)遇见;碰见;被理解;被弄懂
7.　　　　　　　 即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)
make the best of
have nothing to do with
clear up
draw on
make an effort to do
come across
in store (for sb)
8.in particular 　　　　　　　
9.appeal to 　　　　　　　
10.be capable of 　　　　　　　
11.attempt to do sth 　　　　　　　
12.in summary 　　　　　　　
尤其,特别
对……有吸引力;向……呼吁
有能力;能够
尝试做某事
总的来说
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:完全倒装
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, lowering his head and crying silently.(动作描写)
　正站在教室外的是一位男孩,他低着头,静静地哭着。
Standing outside the classroom is a boy
2.句型公式:be doing...when...
　I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 one of my bare feet got stuck on the step.(动作描写)
　我正匆忙上楼梯,这时我的一只赤脚卡在了一节台阶上。
3.句型公式:with复合结构
　　　 　　　　　, it's a good idea to review your class notes.
随着考试临近,复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。
was walking upstairs in a hurry when
With exams approaching
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.The film was banned because it c　　　　　　 a number of extremely violent scenes.
2.It is quite normal for you to fail at the first a　　　　　　 and perseverance matters.
3.The government will never be able to bridge the
g　　　　　　 between the rich and poor.
ontained
Step Two　练一练
ttempt
ap
4.Hemingway is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be d　　 　 but not d　　　　　　”.
5.Attached to the email is the s　　　　　　 information about the online talk.
6.The main f　　　　　　 of the author's works is the use of his own experience.
estroyed
efeated
pecific
eature
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.My father is a 　　　　　　teacher,whose 　　　　　　to education earns him lots of respect.(devote)
2.This girl 　　　　　　what she had seen and heard,giving a vivid
　　　　　of the event as if she had attended it herself.(describe)
3.I was in 　　　 　after you told me such a 　　　　　　story.
Tom said he also felt 　　　　　　.(confuse)
devoted
devotion
described
description
confusion
confusing
confused
4.From the 　　　　　　expression on his face,we knew that he was
　　　　　　　　to take up the job,which needed great patience and 　　　 　. (determine)
5.Uncle Wang is a kind and 　　　　　　old man and he
　　　　　　　contributed a lot of money to the village primary school last week. His 　　　　　　is worth admiring.(generous)
6.He is 　　　　　of memorizing fifty English words in five minutes, so he has the 　　　　　 to understand the difficult
English article.(capable)
determined
determined
determination
generous
generously
generosity
capable
capability
Ⅲ.短语填空
come across　clear up　appeal to　be capable of　in particular
1.Keep in mind that we 　　　 　　　overcoming our weaknesses,as long as we determine to.
2.Developed countries,　　　　 　　,should bear the responsibility for environmental problems.
3.I don't mind you using the kitchen as long as you
　　　　　　afterwards.
are capable of
in particular
clear up
4.I am writing to ask some advice from you on what kind of Chinese conventional culture 　　　　　　the foreigners like you most.
5.Don't refer to a dictionary every time you 　　　　　　an unknown word.
appeals to
come across
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are many 1.　　　　　　 (respect) people around us.They may be our teachers,parents or one of our 2.　　　　 　(elder).
As for me,my uncle Marines is the person I respect most.Now,
I give you a brief introduction about him.Marines is a noble man
3.　　　 　　 (belong) to the upper class.He devotes 4.　　　　 (he)
respectable
elders
belonging
himself
to literature and has made significant achievements.He has a large
5.　　　　　　(collect) of books,containing some famous classic novels 6.　　　　　　 have been donated to the local libraries.So people in our town respect him for his generosity.Besides,he has a sensitive soul and often shows sympathy for 7.　　 　 old.
I remember he once told me that no one knows what life has in store
collection
which/that
the
8. them.He also appeals to some authors 9.　　　　　(donate) some of their books to the libraries.Because of his kindness and generosity,some suggest that a biography should 10.　　　　　(write) for him.It reflects their earnest respect for my uncle.
for
to donate
be written
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.2 写作迁移
1.devote vt.献身,致力,专心→devoted adj.挚爱的;全心全意的,忠诚的
→devotion n.奉献;挚爱;忠诚
佳句背诵　
The person I admire most is my English teacher who devotes himself to his teaching. (人物介绍)
我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师,他致力于教学。
devote...to (doing) sth 把……用在/献给 (做)某事上
devote oneself to 献身;致力;专心
be devoted to (doing) sth献身于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
以练促学　单句语法填空
①Responsible and 　　　　　　(devote) to community work,he is praised by the people around.(人物介绍,全国Ⅰ卷)
②It is his 　　　　　　(devote) to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree.(人物介绍)
devoted
devotion
教考衔接　 单句写作
③Although 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 ,
I didn’t believe I could outdo Anne in writing.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
虽然我把时间和精力都花在了比赛上,但我不相信我能在写作上超过安妮。
I had devoted my time and energy to the contest
2.appeal vi.有吸引力;申诉;呼吁;恳求 n.吸引力;申诉;呼吁;恳求
→appealing adj.有吸引力的 (attractive);恳求的
佳句背诵　
I am writing to appeal to/make an appeal to everyone to take an active part in building a more beautiful school.(倡议书)
我写信是为了呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的学校。
appeal to sb 吸引某人,使某人感兴趣
appeal to sb for sth 为某事恳求某人
appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事向某人恳求/呼吁
以练促学　一句多译
①海洋对我们人类来说非常重要,所以我呼吁每个人都来保护它们。
(短文投稿,2022·全国甲卷)
→Oceans are quite significant to us humans,so I 　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(appeal vi.)
→Oceans are of quite significance to us humans,so I 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(appeal n.)
appeal to
everyone to protect them
make an
appeal to everyone to protect them
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 　　　　　　　 (appeal).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
appealing
3.determine vt.确定;支配;决心 vi.决心 →determined adj.坚决的;
果断的 →determination n.坚定;决心
佳句背诵　
David determined on/upon taking part in the cross-country run, his eyes twinkling with great determination.(心理描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫决定参加越野赛跑,他的眼里闪烁着极大的决心。
determine to do sth 决心做某事(表动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态)
with determination 坚定地
以练促学　语段训练
①She is 　　　　　　　　　　　　. So we know that once she has
　　　　　　　 　　　　　,she will make her dream come true 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (人物介绍)
她是一个有决心的女孩。所以我们知道,一旦她决定做某事,她会以极大的决心使她的梦想成真。
a determined girl
determined to do something
with great determination
教考衔接　单句写作
② 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with the theme of “Green Beijing”,I am writing to ask you for some precious advice.
(求助信,2023·北京卷)
我决定要策划一场以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动,因此写信向您请教一些宝贵的建议。
Determined to plan a club activity
4.significant adj.有重要意义的,显著的 →significance n.意义;含义
→significantlyadv.显著地;意味深长地
佳句背诵　
It is widely accepted that calligraphy is significant to Chinese culture.(传统文化) 人们普遍认为,书法对中国文化具有重要意义。
it is significant that... 很明显……
be significant (to)=be of significance to/for...
对……有重要意义(to为介词)
attach significance to... 认为……重要;重视(to为介词)
以练促学　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①　　　　　　 (significant), people attach greater significance to taking regular exercise.
→　　　　　　　　 　 people attach greater significance to taking regular exercise.(用形式主语it改写①)
Significantly
It's significant that
教考衔接　单句写作
②World Oceans Day was set up to make people aware that
　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(演讲稿,2022·全国甲卷)
设立世界海洋日是为了让人们意识到保护海洋是很重要的。
protecting the oceans is of great significance
5.reflect vt.& vi.反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思
→reflection n.反射;反映; 映像;思考
佳句背诵　
When faced with failure,we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others.(建议信)
当面对失败时,我们应该反省自己,而不是把责任推给别人。
reflect on/upon sth 反省某事
be reflected in 倒映在;反映在
be lost in reflection 陷入深思
on/upon reflection 再三考虑
以练促学　单句写作/句式升级
①On hearing my words,he hung his head,　 　　　　　　　　　　.
(动作描写) 听到我的话,他低下了头,陷入沉思中。
②David lowered his head,sat on the ground quietly and reflected on what I said to him just now.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(分词短语作状语)
lost in deep reflection
reflecting on what I said to him just now
教考衔接　单句写作
③I painted a beautiful lake with ducks swimming and
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我画了一个美丽的湖,里面有鸭子在游泳,树木倒映在水中。
trees reflected in the water
6.contain vt.包含,含有,容纳;控制;抑制 →container n.容器;集装箱;
货柜
佳句背诵　
Unable to contain his anger, he stormed out of the room.
(心理+动作描写)
他无法抑制自己的愤怒,气得冲出房间。
contain oneself 控制自己,自制
contain one’s+情感名词 抑制某种情感
[点拨]　contain和include都有“包含,含有”的意思,但它们的用法不同。contain侧重于所含有的数量和成分;include侧重于范围,表示整体和部分的关系,常以“including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included”的形式出现。
以练促学　选词填空/单句写作
①The box 　　　　　　a number of letters,　　　　　　 those from her admirers and her husband’s letters 　　　　　　as well.
(contain/include)
contains
including
included
②Learning that I had won the first prize,I 　 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　 and bounded into the teacher’s office.(心理+动作描写,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 得知我赢得了一等奖,我无法抑制我的兴奋,连蹦带跳地进了老师的办公室。
教考衔接　 单句语法填空
③Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves 　　　　 (contain) separate portions (份).(2024·浙江1月卷)
couldn't contain
my excitement
containing
She decided to devote her career to environmental conservation, a field that had a great appeal for her. Her passion would determine the significant contributions she would make to the cause. Her work not only reflected her deep love for nature but also contained the respect for life.
7.particular adj.特别的,格外的;特指的;挑剔的 →particularly adv.
特别;尤其
佳句背诵　
What I particularly/in particular stress/emphasize is that the self-study room enables us to study more independently and more efficiently.(邀请信,2022·浙江6月卷)
我尤其强调的是自习室能够让我们更独立更高效地学习。
be particular about/over 对……挑剔/讲究
in particular=particularly 尤其,特别
以练促学　单句写作
①I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
while my wife minds what I wear.
我不怎么讲究着装,而我的妻子却很在乎我穿什么。
am not particular about/over my clothes
教考衔接　单句语法填空
②Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—　　　　　　 particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.(2025·八省联考)
③We were 　　　　　　(particular) interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data.(2024·全国甲卷)
in
particularly
8.attempt vt.& n.试图,尝试,努力,企图→attempted adj.未遂的
佳句背诵　
He attempted to play a complex piece of music, challenging himself to reach new heights of musical skill.(人物描写)
他尝试演奏一首复杂的音乐作品,挑战音乐技能新高度。
attempt to do... 尝试/试图做……
make an attempt to do/(at) doing... 尝试做……
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to 企图;试图;为了
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①A man who is related to last night’s 　　　　　　(attempt) murder is being investigated.
②Don’t be upset because of this failure,because 　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不要因为这次失败而感到沮丧,因为很少有人能在第一次尝试中成功。
attempted
few can succeed
at the first attempt
教考衔接　单句写作
③I appreciate your 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
by randomly organizing pair work in class.(建议信,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我感谢您尝试在课堂上随机组织配对活动来提高我们的口语。
attempt to enhance our oral English
9.confused adj.糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的→confuse vt.使糊涂;使迷惑→confusing adj.难以理解的;不清楚的→confusion n.不确定,困惑;混淆;混乱局面
佳句背诵　
The exciting result was completely beyond my expectation, which made me confused and uneasy.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这个令人兴奋的结果完全超出了我的预期,这让我感到困惑和不安。
confuse...with... 把……和……混淆
be/get confused with/about 对……感到困惑
in confusion 迷惑地;困惑地
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①My teacher suddenly grinned,“I have good news for you.” I looked at him 　　　　　　confusion.(神态+语言描写,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②　　　　　　　 , he was at a loss what to do next. (形容词短语作状语)
他对目前的情况感到困惑,不知道下一步该怎么办。
in
Confused with/about the present situation
教考衔接　单句写作
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, she did not utter any word except flashing a radiant smile and going away.
(神态+动作描写,2024·浙江1月卷)
面对学生们困惑的表情,她没有说一句话,只是露出灿烂的微笑然后离开了。
Faced with students' confused look
10.draw on/upon凭借,利用,依赖(rely/depend on)
佳句背诵　
In an attempt to buy his favourite instrument,John determined to draw on this holiday to earn some money.
为了买他最喜欢的乐器,约翰决定利用这个假期赚些钱。
draw in (天黑)渐早;使卷入
draw out (天黑)渐晚;拖延,拉长
draw near/closer 接近,靠近
draw one’s attention 引起某人的注意
draw a conclusion (from sth) (从某事中)得出结论
draw sth from/out of 从……中提取/抽出
以练促学　单句写作
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I’d like to offer you some practical suggestions.(with复合结构,建议信)
随着中国诗歌比赛的临近,我想给大家提供一些实用的建议。
With the Chinese Poetry Contest drawing near/closer
②We can 　　　　　　　　　　　　 email plays an important role in our daily life.
我们可以得出结论,电子邮件在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。
教考衔接　 单句写作
③Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
and teacher of our school.(新高考Ⅰ卷) 上周日举办了一场特别的越野赛跑,几乎引起了我们学校每个学生和老师的注意。
draw a conclusion that
which nearly drew the attention of every student
11.come across (偶然)遇见(encounter,run across,meet with);碰见;
被理解;被弄懂
佳句背诵　
My uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.
每当我遇到困难,我叔叔就会激励我坚持梦想。
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come out 出版;结果是;(花)开放
come up 走上前来;(太阳、月亮)升起;发生;
被提及;被讨论(无被动形式)
come up with sth 找到/提出某事(物)
When it comes to... 当谈到……
以练促学　语段训练
①I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the street yesterday.He said his new book　　　　　　　　next month.We also talked about the accident that 　　　　 　that day.We 　 　　　　　　　　to help the driver,who came from a poor family.
昨天我在街上碰见一位老朋友。他说他的新书下个月出版。我们还谈到了那天发生的事故。我们想出了一个主意帮助那名来自一个贫穷家庭的司机。
came across an old friend
would come out
came about
came up with an idea
教考衔接　 单句写作
②The government has struggled to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River.(2024·全国甲卷)
政府一直在努力寻找措施以解决这个问题,特别是在较贫穷的伏尔加河东部农村地区。
come up with measures
Yesterday, I made an attempt to solve a particularly difficult math problem. However, at first,I got confused and couldn't find the right way. Then, I decided to draw on my previous knowledge. Fortunately, when I was looking through my notes, I came across a similar example that gave me some inspiration. Finally, I managed to solve the problem.
1.句型公式:be doing...when...
课本原句:A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步,这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳,把它放到了他的耳边。
佳句背诵　
He was walking cautiously along the road when his feet slipped and he fell over.(动作描写)
他在路上小心翼翼地走着,这时突然脚一滑,摔倒了。
be doing...when...“正在做……这时(突然)……”,其中when为并列连词,相当于and at this/that time。
when为并列连词的类似句型:
(1)be about to do/be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时(突然)……
(2)had just done...when...刚做了……这时(突然)……
以练促学　单句写作
①I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
my best friend encouraged me to go on.
我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
it fell to the ground.
我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来,这时房子塌了。
was about to give up/was on the point of giving up when
had just escaped from the burning house when
教考衔接　单句写作
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 she was greeted by the delicious smell of food, creating a welcoming atmosphere in the home.(环境描写,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
母亲刚醒来时,就闻到了食物诱人的香味,这种香味营造出一种温馨的家庭氛围。
Mother had just woken up when
2.句型公式:完全倒装
课本原句: Behind every book is a man,behind the man is the race,and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
每本书的背后都有一个人,此人身后是一个族群,这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
佳句背诵　
Present at the meeting were our beloved teachers, whose insights and dedication have profoundly impacted our growth.(人物介绍)
我们敬爱的老师们出席了会议,他们的见解和奉献深刻影响了我们的成长。
完全倒装的几种情况:
(1)out、in、into、down、up、away、here、now、then、there等表示方位和时间的副词或者表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。
(2)当用作表语的形容词、分词置于系动词前面时,句子也要完全倒装,构成“形容词/分词+系动词+主语”结构。
以练促学　单句写作/翻译句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery.
农场前流过一条小河,这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。
②以下是如何平衡兼职工作和学习的三条建议。(建议信)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
In front of the farm flows a small river
Here are three suggestions on how to keep a balance between a part-time job and study.
教考衔接　 单句写作
③A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, 　　　　　　
　　　　　　. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
几周后我几乎已经忘记比赛的时候,传来了消息。我被告知在写作比赛中获得了一等奖。
there came
the news
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.(2021·全国甲卷) 　　　　　
2.The government issued a warning that the strikers should end their action or face dismissal. 　　　　　
vt.支配;影响
vt.发布
3.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. 　 　　　　
4.We reached the stage where we’d given up any hope of curing her cat. 　　　　　
5.Hearing the amusing story,John couldn’t contain his amusement any more. 　　　　　
adj.新颖的,新奇的
n.阶段
vt.忍住,抑制
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.mean adj.吝啬的,小气的;不善良的;刻薄的vt.意欲;打算;意味着;
表示……的意思
vt.打算
①You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 　　　　　
②The underlined phrase“taken aback” in the last paragraph means “shocked”. 　 　　　　
vt.表示……的意思
③Though she is wealthy,she’s always been mean with money.
　 　　　　
④It’s generally believed that it is mean to speak ill of others.
　 　　　　
⑤It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 　　　　　
adj.小气的,吝啬的
adj.不善良的
vt.意味着
2.appeal vi.有吸引力;上诉,申诉;呼吁,恳求 n.吸引力;申诉;呼吁
n.吸引力
①Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
　　　　　
②He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder. 　　　　　
vi.上诉,申诉
③Sports have become an important form of entertainment,appealing to both men and women. 　　　　　　
④Shocked at the waste of food around us,I appeal to everyone to stop wasting and value the grain. 　　　　　
vi.有吸引力
vi.呼吁,恳求
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Never will I sign up for the writing competition without your encouragement, so my thanks is beyond 　　　　　 　(describe).
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.A new study shows that wildness in urban areas is 　　　　　
(extreme) important for human well-being.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷改编)
3.Also,people aren’t willing to change their views about food and nutrition as there is so much 　　　　　　(confuse) information online.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
description
extremely
confusing
4.He handed it to his wife,and she was gone 　　　　　　a flash down the road to buy a new tire iron.
5.Words failed me to convey my thanks for his kindness and
　　　　　　(generous).
6.From my point of view/In my view,it’s the love 　　　　　　in it that really counts.
7.He is a very open-minded man,and won’t be particular
　　　　　　these small things.
in
generosity
contained
over/about
8.If you fail 　　　　　　the first attempt,there is no need to care about that.
9.　　　　　　 summary,your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting 　　　　　　how you learn.
10.　　　　　　 (determine) to come back to the stage,the dancer struggled with his injuries bitterly.
at
In
on/upon
Determined
11.The beautiful scenery in this region truly appeals
　　　　　　tourists from all over the world.
12.The professor was giving the summing-up of his speech
　　　　　　students rushed out of the classroom.
to
when
维度三　完成句子
1. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that we should set aside some time every day for sports so that we can keep ourselves energetic.
　重要的是,我们每天都应该留出一些时间做运动,这样我们才能保持精力充沛。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　 I am the best person to take up the job.
　毫无疑问我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。
What is important
There is no doubt that
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　, achieving all its goals and receiving positive feedback.
　总之,这个项目取得了成功,达成了所有目标,并得到了积极的反馈。
4.Contrary to me, my partner was 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　与我相反,我的搭档特别好强而且极其认真。
In summary, the project was a success
in particular competitive
and extremely serious
5.The team 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 , working together to make it beautiful again.
该团队尽了很大的努力清理公园,共同让它再次变得美丽。
6.He firmly believed that his career was sure to take off,so he
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　.
他坚信他的事业一定会腾飞,所以他决定雇用更多的员工。
made great efforts to clean up the park
decided to take on more employees
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(推荐信——文学作品)
　　假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Anna最近对中国文学很感兴趣。她想请你推荐一本经典文学作品。内容包括:
1.作品简介;
2.推荐理由。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①我非常高兴你对中国文学感兴趣。(extremely,literature)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
I'm extremely delighted that you are interested in Chinese literature.
②当谈到最令人印象深刻的一句话时,“己所不欲,勿施于人”立刻出现在我的脑海里。(when it comes to...,impressive)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
When it comes to the most impressive sentence for me,“Do not do to others what you don't want others to do to you” immediately came to my mind.
③这句话来自孔子著名的《论语》,他致力于著述和教育。(devote oneself to,非限制性定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The sentence comes from a famous book The Analects of Confucius by Confucius,who devoted himself to writing and education.
④它不仅教会了我如何与他人和睦相处,也帮助我对他人有更多的同情和慷慨。(generosity,倒装)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Not only does it teach me how to get along well with others but also helps me have more sympathy and generosity for others.
⑤它反映了中国人非常重视的礼貌和礼节,通过遵循它,一个和谐的社会必将实现。(reflect,accomplish)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
It reflects politeness and good manners, which Chinese attach much importance to,and by following it, a harmonious society is bound to be accomplished
⑥我相信读者会特别受益,对中国的风俗和文化有更深入的了解。
(particularly)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
I'm sure readers will particularly benefit a lot and have a more thorough understanding of Chinese customs and cultures.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Dear Anna,
I'm extremely delighted that you are interested in Chinese literature.When it comes to the most impressive sentence for me,“Do not do to others what you don't want others to do to you” immediately came to my mind.
The sentence comes from a famous book The Analects of Confucius by Confucius, who devoted himself to writing and education. From my point of view,not only does it teach me how to get
along well with others but also helps me have more sympathy and generosity for others.Moreover, it reflects politeness and good manners, which Chinese attach much importance to,and by following it, a harmonious society is bound to be accomplished.
I'm sure readers will particularly benefit a lot and have a more thorough understanding of Chinese customs and cultures.
Yours,
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
1.语料积累
单 词 handmade adj.　　 手工制作的
hardworking adj.　 勤奋的
talented adj. 有才华的
earn v. 挣钱
beggar n. 乞丐
词 块 in front of 　　　　 在……前面
support one’s family 养家
judge persons by their appearances 以貌取人
look like 看起来像
from that day on 从那天起
make an effort 努力
make assumptions 做出假设
be based on 根据……
靓 句 1.At first glance,I thought he was just a beggar asking for money.
乍一看,我以为他只是一个乞讨钱的人。
2.I was amazed by his creativity and talent.
我对他的创造力和才华感到惊讶。
2.场景片段训练(偶遇路人的启发:不要以貌取人)
One day,while I was walking home from school,I noticed a young boy sitting on the sidewalk ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(前面放着他的帽子). ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (乍一看),
I thought he was just a beggar asking for money.However,as I walked past him,something attracted me to stop and talk to him.
with his hat in front of him
At first glance
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (当我们开始交谈时),
I discovered that he wasn’t a beggar at all.He was actually
selling handmade keychains that he had created himself.④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
(我对他的创造力和才华感到惊讶).We talked for a while longer,and I learned that he was using the money he earned from selling his keychains ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (帮助养家糊口).
As we started talking
I was amazed by his creativity and talent
to help support his family
This experience taught me ⑥　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　 (不要以貌取人). The young boy may have looked like a beggar,but he was actually a hardworking and talented individual.⑦　　　　　　　　　 　　 (从那天起), I made an effort to not make assumptions about people based on their looks.
not to judge persons by their
appearances
From that day on
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2024·全国甲卷阅读D)
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate,and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot,and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie,with all his patience,asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the
difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters,endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course,I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver,but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me,and I never thought about endings the same way again.From then on,if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy,I’d pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess,I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说).One where I kind of knew what was going to happen,historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard.It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable,but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere,one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue(期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.If it’s short stories,Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—but it might provide what you need to get there.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在教授的启发下,重新思考文学作品不同结局的特点和意义。
32.Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie
A.To discuss a novel.
B.To submit a book report.
C.To argue for a writer.
D.To ask for a reading list.
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解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者在大学三年级时正在进行一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究,并刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》。因此作者去找教授是为了讨论小说的结局,故选A项。
33.What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie
A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B.Readers are often carried away by characters.
C.Each type of literature has its unique ending.
D.A story which begins well will end well.
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解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在教授的启发下意识到,不同类型的文学作品有其特有的结局。如果想要读一个注定幸福的结局,就读爱情小说; 如果想要读一个猜不出的结局,就读悬疑小说,故选C项。
34.What is expected of a good ending
A.It satisfies readers’ taste.
B.It fits with the story development.
C.It is usually positive.
D.It is open for imagination.
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解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,一个好的结局需要平衡创造性和不可预测性,同时又不能显得突兀,还需要符合角色的发展,故选B项。
35.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims
A.To give examples of great novelists.
B.To stress the theme of this issue.
C.To encourage writing for the magazine.
D.To recommend their new books.
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解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,作者提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了说明本期《Writer's Digest》杂志的主题,即帮助读者了解如何写出一个好的结尾,故选B项。
思维建模
说明文的3个解题技巧
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:undergraduate n.大学生,本科生; literature n.文学;著作;positive adj.积极乐观的; outcome n.结果; Para.2:guarantee v.担保;提供 Para.2:from then on从那时起;pick up挑选;拿起;aha moment n.顿悟时刻;
Para.3:carry so much weight with readers对读者来说很有分量;
Para.4:break down分解
析 长 难 语 句 Para.1:He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters,endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句。suggest后是宾语从句,宾语从句中介词短语between...and...作difference的定语;三个endings后是定语从句,且第三个endings后的定语从句中含有一个由even if引导的让步状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 [语言赏析]　这句话通过对结局不同类型的对比,以及对“我想要的”和“适合角色的”两种结局的详细阐释,深刻地探讨了故事结局设计的复杂性和多样性。句子的逻辑清晰,结构紧密,通过并列、对比和让步等修辞手法,表达了结局并不一定要完美才能满足故事的需求。
他建议我考虑一下我想要的角色的结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别,即使后者不是传统上的美好结局,那也是满足于故事需要的。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·定州高三模拟)
The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in.Here are four of them to feed your imagination.
A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson
How did it all begin And how did we get here Combining history and science,the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions.Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history.It explains scientific topics in a vivid way,but it’s quite a long read.
Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe
How do helicopters work Or cells Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English.It will shift your approach to explanation.So,next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name.However,additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience.
Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake
What does it feel like to fly into space How do you prepare for it Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space.The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science,as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station.Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers,but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language.
Deep Time by Riley Black
Want to know the story of our planet Riley Black takes us on a journey,in the order of time,through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet.The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology,astronomy and biology.Yet, measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺).
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四本书的情况。
1.Which book is organized in the format of question and answer
A.A Short History of Nearly Everything.
B.Thing Explainer.
C.Ask an Astronaut.
D.Deep Time.
解析　细节理解题。首先,阅读题干,锁定关键词“question and answer”;然后,扫读原文,定位到原文倒数第二段“Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers...”;最后,将选项与原文比对可知,Ask an Astronaut是以问答的形式组织的,故选C项。
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2.What’s a shortcoming of Thing Explainer
A.It is rather too long.
B.It is written in plain language.
C.It lacks technical terms.
D.It fails to include clear images.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“However,additionally providing more technical terms...and learning experience.”可知,Thing Explainer的缺点是缺乏专业术语,故选C项。
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3.What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common
A.They combine science and history.
B.They feature vivid illustrations.
C.They introduce astronauts’ daily life.
D.They entertain readers of all ages.
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解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“Combining history and science... these questions.”以及最后一段“The fascinating high-quality images...astronomy and biology.”可知,A Short History of Nearly Everything和Deep Time的共同之处在于都结合了科学和历史,故选A项。
(2025·昆明“三诊一模”高三质量检测)
Why do we universally appreciate cartoons Because they are visual—the humor unfolds right before our eyes.As writers,we have a unique challenge to craft worlds,including humorous ones,using only words.
At first glance,writers and cartoonists have vast different toolboxes and skill sets.But if you look closely,you will notice similar devices,such as simplification,exaggeration (夸张) and contrast.
In many literary forms,decoration enriches a piece.That’s not true for humor writing—humor can get lost with too many details. Adding a bit of shading will give depth to an illustration,yet there’s usually no need to detail every feature.There’s a thin line between plain and funny,and the difference often lies in whether a writer adheres to the universal comedic principle,“less is funnier.” By simplifying complex situations,characters,plots and reactions,your work becomes more digestible and humorous.
Exaggeration is one of the most straightforward and effective comedic tools.As a humor writer,don’t shy away from every chance to stretch the truth,whether by understatement or overstatement. However,effective humor is truth-based.The relationship between exaggeration and realism in humor is like stretching a rubber band (橡皮筋).A little stretching,even repeated stretching,is no problem. However,overstretching the band will cause it to break,as well as the humor and the readers’ trust.
Contrasting is the juxtaposition (并列) of elements not usually coupled,a technique that cartoonists use to create humorous mismatches by placing significantly different elements side by side.As writers,we can use juxtaposition to brainstorm new humor angles and create funny mismatches.
Humor is at its funniest when it’s visual,and writers can craft more humorous material by employing the same techniques used by cartoonists.By thinking and writing visually,you can show the funny to readers.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要建议作家使用简化、夸张和对比的方式达到幽默的效果,通过视觉化的思考和写作,向读者展示有趣的东西。
4.What do writers and cartoonists have in common in expressing humor
A.They craft worlds literally.
B.They focus closely on details.
C.They employ techniques alike.
D.They get through to readers easily.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,乍一看,作家和漫画家的工具箱和技能组合大不相同,但如果你仔细观察,你会注意到类似的手段,如简化、夸张和对比。由此可知,他们采用的技术是相似的,故选C项。
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5.What does the underlined phrase “adheres to” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Break. B.Follow. C.Revise. D.Challenge.
解析　词义猜测题。根据下文的“comedic principle,‘less is funnier.’”并结合语境可推知,此处表示平淡和滑稽之间只有微妙的分际,区别往往在于作家是否遵循普遍的喜剧原则:“越少越有趣。”通过简化复杂的情况、人物、情节和反应,作品会变得更加易于理解和幽默。故画线短语应该是“遵循”的意思,与follow的意思最为接近,故选B项。
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6.What is a way to achieve humor according to the author
A.Overstating simple situations.
B.Shying away from the truth.
C.Reducing the number of characters.
D.Combining uncoupled elements.
解析　细节理解题。倒数第二段谈到对比是通过将显著不同的元素并排放置来创造幽默的不匹配。作家可以用并列来集思广益,想出新的幽默角度,创造有趣的不匹配。故可知,实现幽默的手法就是把不相结合的元素组合在一起,故选D项。
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7.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A review of modern cartoons.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.An introduction to painting skills.
D.A guidebook for passionate readers.
解析　文章出处题。第一段谈到“As writers...using only words.”(作为作家,我们面临着一个独特的挑战,即只用文字来创造世界,包括幽默的世界),然后接下来谈到如何做到完美的幽默,最后一段又建议作家可以通过采用与漫画家相同的技术来制作更多的幽默素材,通过视觉化的思考和写作,向读者展示有趣的东西。由此可知,本文与写作艺术有关,故项B项。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·池州高三模拟)
Joe works as a school teacher.Every New Year,he tries to bring 　1　 to his students.He usually gives books to his students.But this time,something completely different happened and Joe 　2　 this new idea to his mom.
Joe’s mother loves to knit (编织).On the eve of New Year he invited the school children to 　3　 for themselves “winter hats of their dreams”,better with 　4　 colors.Everyone did so,but no one even 　5　 what would happen next.The kids 　6　 painted their cute hats with colors before handing them in.And then Joe’s mom made their fantasies 　7　! Yes,the children were simply delighted to find real hats! Of course,Joe’s mother could not always 　8　 the exact color,let alone colorful hats.However,what does it really 　9　 when real New Year magic is happening before your eyes
The vast majority of people gave this teacher the most huge
　10　 and to his wonderful mom as well.After all,not everyone actually 　11　 how much work,time and love goes into these small hats.“Hats 　12　 to your mom! She’s amazing!” one of the students wrote.“It’s absolutely 　13　 when teachers really put their soul into the educational process.”
People will be aware that THIS is the 　14　.Passion,deep love and hard-work characterize this profession.“THANK YOU to you and your mom.” Perhaps this is the best comment,and we should only join in the 　15　.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位教师让他的妈妈给班上的学生织冬帽以给学生带来惊喜,并将爱与激情投入到教学中的故事。
1.A.life B.hope C.joy D.confidence
解析　life生命;hope希望;joy快乐;confidence自信。根据下文可知,此处指的是给学生们带来“快乐”,故选C项。
2.A.forces B.owes C.applies D.feeds
解析　force迫使;owe归功于;apply应用;feed喂养。根据上文中的“But this time,something completely different happened”和下文中的“this new idea to his mom”和“Joe’s mother loves to knit.”可知,此处指的是乔把这个新点子“归功于”妈妈,故选B项。
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3.A.draw B.sing C.dance D.play
解析　draw画;sing唱;dance跳舞;play玩耍。根据下文中的“winter hats of their dreams”和“painted their cute hats with colors”可知,此处提到了“梦想中的冬帽”,由此可推断,此处表达的是要学生们“画”一幅画,故选A项。
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4.A.complex B.rare C.mixed D.solid
解析　complex复杂的;rare罕见的;mixed混合的;solid纯色的。根据上文“better with”以及下文“Of course,Joe’s mother could not always 　　　　the exact color,let alone colorful hats.”可知,此处指的是乔的妈妈不能编织太复杂的颜色,所以让孩子们最好用“纯色”画梦想中的冬帽,故选D项。
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5.A.knew B.denied C.suggested D.warned
解析　know知道;deny拒绝;suggest建议;warn警告。根据上文中的“Everyone did so”以及下文中的“what would happen next.”可知,每人都做了,结合but可推断,此处指的是没有人“知道”接下来会发生什么,故选A项。
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6.A.hurriedly B.eagerly C.nervously D.casually
解析　hurriedly匆忙地;eagerly热切地;nervously提心吊胆地;casually漫不经心地。根据下文中的“painted their cute hats with colors before handing them in”可知,孩子们用彩笔给可爱的小帽子涂色,完成后才交上去,可以看出孩子们反应热切,由此可推断,此处“热切地”符合语境,故选B项。
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7.A.go mad B.come true C.catch on D.show off
解析　go mad发疯;come true变成现实;catch on变得流行;show off炫耀。根据下文中的“the children were simply delighted to find real hats”可知,孩子们发现这些竟是真正的帽子,欣喜不已,由此可推断,此处指的是乔的妈妈让他们画的梦想“变成现实”,故选B项。
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8.A.match B.paint C.describe D.change
解析　match匹配;paint绘画;describe描述;change改变。根据语境以及下文中的“the exact color,let alone colorful hats”可知,乔的母亲在把孩子们“梦想中的冬帽变成现实”,但要想匹配到与画的冬帽一样的颜色是困难的,更不用说色彩斑斓的颜色,由此可知推断,此处指的是 “匹配”完全相同的颜色,故选A项。
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9.A.inspire B.save C.matter D.control
解析　inspire激励;save拯救;matter要紧,事关紧要;control控制。根据下文“when real New Year magic is happening before your eyes”可知,当你亲眼目睹真正的新年魔法时,找不到完全匹配的颜色又有什么关系呢 空白处应表示“要紧,事关紧要”,故选C项。
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10.A.breakout B.knockout C.handout D.shout out
解析　breakout逃脱;knockout击倒;handout救济品;shout out公开感激或赞赏。根据上文中的“The vast majority of people gave this teacher the most huge”并结合语境可知,此处讲述的是人们对乔和他的妈妈所做的事情的反应,也就是给他们致以“公开感激赞赏”,故选D项。
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11.A.restricts B.requires C.realizes D.regrets
解析　restrict限制;require要求;realize意识到;regret懊悔。根据下文中的“how much work,time and love goes into these small hats”可知,此处表示不是每人都能“意识到”这些帽子背后付出了多少,故选C项。
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12.A.over B.on C.away D.off
解析　over向……上方;on在……之上;away离开(某距离);off从……移开。根据下文中的“She’s amazing!”可知,此处表示的是向乔的母亲致敬,hats off to意为“脱帽向……致敬”,故选D项。
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13.A.fearless B.senseless C.priceless D.meaningless
解析　fearless无畏的;senseless无知的;priceless宝贵的,无价的;meaningless无价值的。根据下文中的“when teachers really put their soul into the educational process”可知,此处指的是当老师们真正将灵魂投入到教育过程中时,那是非常“宝贵的”,故选C项。
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14.A.ending B.acting C.thinking D.teaching
解析　ending结尾;acting表演;thinking思考;teaching教育。根据上文中的“It’s absolutely 　　　　when teachers really put their soul into the educational process.”可知,此处指的是真正的“教育”应该有的样子,故选D项。
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15.A.gratitude B.communication C.promise D.harmony
解析　gratitude感激;communication表达;promise承诺;harmony和谐。根据上文中的“THANK YOU to you and your mom”可知,这是一个表达感谢的语句,由此可推断,此处指的是人们对这位老师及其母亲所付出的努力和爱心表示“感激”,故选A项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·南京高三调研)
The art of seal engraving (篆刻) is a foundation of China’s fine arts.It has been 1.　　　　　　 inseparable part of classic Chinese art.In September 2009,China’s seal-engraving art 2.　　　　　 (add) to the list of UNESCO’s items of intangible cultural heritage.
The seal-engraving art,3.　　　　　　 (date) back to the Shang Dynasty,has a history of more than 3,000 years.The art form developed rapidly during the Qin Dynasty,4.　　　　　　 people engraved their names on utensils (器皿) and in documents to claim ownership.
Soon after Qin Shi Huang unified China,he ordered craftsmen to use jade to make an imperial seal called “Xi”.Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names 5.　　　　 (mark) the ownership of their calligraphy and paintings.
In 1904,Xiling Seal Engravers’ Society was founded with the
6.　　　　　　 (combine) efforts of seal artists from different schools and places 7.　　　　　　 it was the first of its kind in China.
Today seals are still 8.　　　　　　 wide use in official documents and private letters.With engraved seals gaining worldwide 9.　　　　　　 (appreciate) in recent years,an increasing number of people 10.　　　　 (become) fascinated with the items.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了篆刻艺术的重要性及其发展演变史。
1.an　[考查冠词。空处修饰名词part,且名词前有形容词修饰。根据句意“它一直是中国古典艺术不可分割的一部分”可知,此处表示泛指,且inseparable的发音以元音音素开头,故填词an。]
2.was added　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语In September 2009可知,时态用一般过去时。主语China’s seal-engraving art表示第三人称单数,且与add之间是被动关系,故填was added。]
3.dating　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语。空处与逻辑主语The seal-engraving art之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词。date back to“追溯到”,是固定短语,故填dating。]
4.when　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为表示时间的the Qin Dynasty,从句缺状语,故填when。]
5.to mark　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,构成非谓语动词短语作目的状语,应用不定式,故填to mark。]
6.combined　[考查词性转换。空前是定冠词the,空后是名词efforts,故空处应用形容词修饰名词,故填combined。]
7.and　[考查并列连词。空前后均为成分完整的句子,结合句意可知,前后句之间是并列关系,故填and。]
8.in　[考查介词。in wide use“在广泛使用中”,是固定短语,故填in。]
9.appreciation　[考查词性转换。空处作gaining的宾语,且空前有形容词worldwide修饰,故空处应用名词,故填appreciation。]
10.have become　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可知,时态用现在完成时。主语为an increasing number of people,且a number of 表示数个,谓语动词用复数形式,故填have become。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:incredible adj.不可思议的;Para.2:entertaining adj.娱乐的,有趣的;Para.3:illustration n.插图;explanation n.解释;enhance vt.增强;
Para.4:insight n.了解;洞察力;cutting-edge adj.尖端的;format n.格式;
descriptive adj.描述性的
B Para.1:universally adv.一致地;共同地;visual adj.视觉的,视力的;
Para.2:vast adj.巨大的;contrast n.明显的差异,对比,对照v.对比,对照;
Para.3:enrich v.使丰富;principle n.原则,原理;Para.4:straightforward adj.简单的;坦诚的;effective adj.有效的;realism n.现实主义;
Para.5:element n.要素,基本原理;significantly adv.有重大意义地,显著地,明显地
熟词生义 A Para.5:shape　熟义:n.形状;生义:vt.塑造
B Para.1:craft　熟义:n.工艺,手艺;生义:v.(尤指用手工)精心制作
Para.6:employ　熟义:v.雇用;生义:v.运用,应用,使用
词块积累 A Para.1:a sense of wonder好奇心;
Para.2:a long read长时间阅读
B Para.2:at first glance乍一看;Para.4:shy away from(因缺乏信心、担心或紧张而)回避,避开
长 难 句 式 A Para.3:Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。how引导宾语从句,作动词explains的宾语。
[译文]　Randall Munroe用插图和仅仅最常用的一千个英语单词来解释事物的运作方式。
长 难 句 式 B Para.3:There’s a thin line between plain and funny,and the difference often lies in whether a writer adheres to the universal comedic principle,“less is funnier.”
[分析]　这是一个由and连接的并列句。whether引导从句作介词in的宾语。
[译文]　平淡与幽默之间有一条细微的界线,而这种差异往往在于一个作家是否遵循普遍的喜剧原则:“越少越有趣。”

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