资源简介

必修第三册　UNIT 1　Nature in the balance
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.ecosystem n.　　　 生态系统
2.overseas adj. 海外的,国外的
adv. 在海外,向国外
3.mammal n. 哺乳动物
4.species n. (pl. species) 种;物种
5.brochure n. 小册子
6.insect n. 昆虫
7.nut n. 坚果
8.poverty n. 贫穷,贫困;贫乏
9.carbon n. 碳
10.oxygen n. 氧,氧气
11.climate n. 气候;倾向,风气
12.image n. 形象;图像;意象
13.habitat n. 生活环境,栖息地
mittee n. 委员会
15.mass n. 大量;团,块,堆;一大群
adj. 大批的,广泛的
16.belt n. 地带,地区;腰带;传送带
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.beneath the surface of the ocean 在海洋表面之下
2.have an impact on the residents in the region
对该地区的居民有影响
3.do/cause damage to his reputation 对他的名誉造成损害
4.win a gold medal for his branch 为他的部门赢得一枚金牌
5.protest against the policy 抗议这项政策
6.in the process of protecting wildlife 在保护野生动植物的过程中
7.an effective learning strategy 一个有效的学习策略
8.recycle newspaper 回收报纸
9.a former student of our school 我校以前的一名学生
10.a muddy track 泥泞小道
11.the peace process 和平进程
12.a branch manager 分部经理
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.harm n.& vt.　　 伤害,损害
harmful adj. 有害的;导致损害的
harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的
2.continent n. 大陆,陆地,洲
continental adj. 大陆的;大洲的
3.length n. 长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长
long adj. 长的
lengthen vi.& vt. (使)变长
4.various adj. 各种不同的,各种各样的
vary vi. 变化,改变
variety n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
5.survive vi. 生存,存活
vt. 幸存,幸免于难;比……活(或存在)的时间长
survival n. 生存,幸存;残存物,幸存事物
survivor n. 幸存者
6.nutrient n. 营养素,营养物
nutrition n. 营养
nutritious adj. 有营养的
7.disappear vi. 不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪
appear vi. 出现
disappearance n. 消失
8.agriculture n. 农业,农学
agricultural adj. 农业的
9.extinction n. 灭绝,绝种
extinct adj. 绝种的;绝迹的
10.application n. 应用,运用;申请
apply vt.& vi. 应用;申请;有关
vt. 涂
applicant n. 申请人
applicable adj. 适用;合适
11.organization n. 组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理
organize vt. 组织
organizer n. 组织者
12.absolutely adv. 绝对地,完全地;极其
absolute adj. 绝对的;完全的
13.entirely adv. 完全地,全部地,完整地
entire adj. 完全的
14.defence n. 辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
defend vt & vi. 防御;保护;保卫;为……辩护
defensive adj. 防御的;自卫的
15.economic adj. 经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的
economy n. 经济
economical adj. 经济的,实惠的;节俭的
economically adv. 在经济上;经济地;节俭地
16.poison vt. 污染;毒死,毒害
n. 毒物,毒药
poisonous adj. 有毒的
17.chemical n. 化学制品
adj. 化学的;化学作用的
chemistry n. 化学
chemist n. 化学家
18.consequence n. 结果,后果;重要性
consequent adj. 随之发生的
consequently adv. 因此;所以
19.profit n. 利润,收益;好处
vi.& vt. 获益,得到好处
profitable adj. 有利润的;盈利的
20.official n. 官员,要员
adj. 公务的;正式的,官方的
officially adv. 官方地;正式地;公开地
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.in length　　 在长度上
2.sign up 报名
3.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
4.hand in hand 手拉手
5.draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
6.build up 逐渐增加;建立;开发;扩大
7.break down (使)分解为,使变化(成);(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉;
(身体)垮掉;(讨论、谈判等)失败;破裂
8.come up with 想出,想到
9.call for (公开)要求;需要
10.breathe life into 给……带来起色,注入活力
11.a variety of 各种各样
12.give rise to 使发生(或存在);引起
13.in turn 相应地,转而
14.due to 由于,因为
15.get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
16.protest against 反对
17.in defence of 为……辩护;保护,保卫……
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. (倍数关系表达法)
亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,相当于中国面积的一半以上。
2.The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句)
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6 400千米,比长江还长约100千米。
3.While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. (while引导让步状语从句)
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
4.As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. (as引导时间状语从句;so+助动词+主语)
随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
5.We’ve been taking various measures,including the use of new technologies,to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs. (even though/if引导让步状语从句)
我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术、减少生产过程中的污染,即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
6.It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. (it作形式主语)
我们的责任是保护环境,同时着眼于经济发展。
词汇横拓串记
前缀eco 单词一览 “野生动物”知多少 “n.+prep.+n.”类短语聚焦
①ecosystem n.生态系统 ②ecology n.生态学 ③ecological adj.生态的 ④ecologist n.生态学家 ⑤ecotourism n.生态旅游业 ⑥eco friendly adj.环保的 ①whale n.鲸 ②kangaroo n.袋鼠 ③squirrel n.松鼠 ④panda n.熊猫 ⑤shark n.鲨鱼 ⑥dolphin n.海豚 ①hand in hand手拉手地 ②heart to heart心连心地 ③shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 ④face to face面对面地 ⑤back to back背对背地 ⑥side by side肩并肩地
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.maintain the balance of the ecosystem
　　　　　　　　　　　 维持生态系统的平衡
2.the overseas market 海外市场
3.endangered species 濒危物种
4.masses of harmful insects 大量的有害昆虫
5.a tour brochure 一本旅游手册
6.the habitats of animals 动物的栖息地
7.the Nobel Prize Committee 诺贝尔奖委员会
8.act as the image ambassador 担任形象大使
9.out of poverty 摆脱贫穷
10.fight against climate change 应对气候变化
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.branch n.　　　 (政府或机构)部门;分部;分店;树枝;支流;分支
2.region n. 地区,区域;行政区
3.damage vt.& n. 损害,伤害,损坏,破坏
4.wildlife n. 野生动植物,野生生物
5.medal n. 奖章,勋章
6.impact n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞
vi.& vt. 有影响;冲击
7.resident n. 居民,住户
8.protest vi. 反对,抗议
vt. 反对;坚持声称,申辩
n. 抗议,反对
9.track vt.& vi. 跟踪,追踪
n. 足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
10.process n. 过程,进程;步骤,流程
vt. 加工,处理
11.policy n. 政策,方针;原则
12.recycle vt. 回收利用,再利用
13.former adj. 昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的
14.beneath prep. 在……下面,在……下方;配不上
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.vary vi. 变化,改变
variety n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
various adj. 各种不同的,各种各样的
2.survive vi. 生存,存活
vt. 幸存,幸免于难;比……活 (或存在)的时间长
survival n. 生存,幸存;残存物,幸存事物
survivor n. 幸存者
3.entire adj. 完全的
entirely adv. 完全地,全部地,完整地
4.harm n.& vt. 伤害,损害
harmful adj. 有害的;导致损害的
harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的
5.long adj. 长的
length n. 长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长
lengthen vi.& vt. (使)变长
6.official n. 官员,要员
adj. 公务的;正式的,官方的
officially adv. 官方地;正式地;公开地
7.economy n. 经济
economic adj. 经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的
economical adj. 经济的,实惠的;节俭的
economically adv. 在经济上;经济地;节俭地
8.consequent adj. 随之发生的
consequence n. 结果,后果;重要性
consequently adv. 因此;所以
9.profit n. 利润,收益;好处
vi.& vt. 获益,得到好处
profitable adj. 有利润的;盈利的
10.nutrient n. 营养素,营养物
nutritious adj. 有营养的
nutrition n. 营养
11.extinct adj. 绝种的;绝迹的
extinction n. 灭绝,绝种
12.apply vt.& vi. 应用;申请;有关
vt. 涂
application n. 应用,运用;申请
applicant n. 申请人
applicable adj. 适用;合适
13.defend vt. & vi. 防御;保护;保卫;为……辩护
defence n. 辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
defensive adj. 防御的;自卫的
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.in turn　　　　　 相应地,转而
2.break down 使分解(为),使变化(成);(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉;(身体)垮
掉;(讨论、谈判等)失败;破裂
3.breathe life into 给……带来起色,注入活力
4.give rise to 使发生(或存在);引起
5.build up 逐渐增加;建立;开发;扩大
6.come up with 想出,想到
7.call for (公开)要求;需要
8.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
9.get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
10.due to 由于,因为
11.in length 在长度上
12.sign up 报名
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:while引导让步状语从句
While we can’t predict what will happen in the future,we can guide ourselves with determination and love.
尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么,我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。
2.句型公式:倍数关系表达法
Our school has built a new library recently,which is three times larger than the previous one.
我们学校最近修建了一个新图书馆,是原来的三倍大。
3.句型公式:even though/if引导让步状语从句
Even though/if I will not pursue it as my life career, I will still continue playing the piano as my hobby. (2023·全国乙卷)
即使我不把它作为我的终身职业,我依然会继续弹奏钢琴作为我的爱好。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
2.Follow the track of the vehicles,otherwise you will get lost.
3.The former manager of the department had attempted to remind him of the important appointment,but he gave up later.
4.One thing to remember is that it is the process not the end product that matters.
5.To protect the environment,it is advocated that we recycle everything recyclable in our daily life.
6.Being addicted to computers does great damage to teenagers in many ways.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.An official once told me June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.(office) (2022·全国甲卷改编)
2.There are various goods in the supermarket,and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The variety attracts many customers. (vary)
3.She is a new graduate from Shandong University.She applied to a big company for a post last week.The interviewer said her application was the best among all the applicants. (apply)
4.Only two passengers survived the air crash.When the two survivors were interviewed,they said their survival was a wonder. (survive)
5.These measures can be used to protect animal species which are endangered or extinct,and as a consequence,these measures are of great importance to prevent animals’ extinction. (extinct)
Ⅲ.短语填空
get rid of　 break down　 come up with
build up　 give rise to　 spring to mind
1.We were downloading learning materials when our computer broke down.
2.Let’s take the responsibility to build up a low carbon city by riding bicycles.
3.When discussing influential novelists,three names immediately spring to mind.
4.As the quality of the city’s air has given rise to concerns,the residents are forbidden to set off fireworks.
5.If you want to come up with new ideas,you need to feed your mind with good ideas.
6.Practicing yoga is a good way for you to get rid of your stress and find some inner peace.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tom joined an environmental protection 1.organization (organize) as a volunteer.Soon he was sent to work.After arriving at the continent,he started to study 2.various (vary) wildlife in some regions.He learned that 3.masses (mass) of species had lived there before,but later many disappeared.
Two factors led to the results.One was bad climate.4.The other was human beings.It was human activities 5.that damaged the habitats of some animals.Besides,some farmers 6.poisoned (poison) many animals while using chemicals.Some even tracked and killed animals to make a profit.7.In defence of the animals close to extinction,Tom determined to do something to prevent them from 8.harming (harm) the animals.He gave out some brochures among the residents.Slowly,they realized what they did was wrong and had a bad impact on animals. In turn,they themselves also suffered a lot.In addition,9.to help (help) local people get rid of poverty,he came up with some strategies.10.Consequently (consequent),he earned all the residents’ respect.
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害→harmful adj.有害的;导致损害的→harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
佳句背诵　
These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing serious harm to life and the environment. (倡议书)
如今,违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见,对生活和环境造成了严重的危害。
do/cause harm to sb/sth=do sb/sth harm 对……有害
there is no harm in doing sth=it does no harm to do sth 做某事没有坏处
be harmful/harmless to 对……有害/无害
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful (harm) gases,such as carbon dioxide. (2023·全国乙卷)
②Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health.
沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。
教考衔接　单句写作
③My teacher cast me an encouraging smile,saying,“In my opinion,there is no harm in entering a writing contest.” (语言描写,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑,说:“在我看来,参加写作比赛并没有什么坏处。”
2.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体→various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的→
vary vi.(根据情况)变化,改变
佳句背诵　
Varieties of activities are being held by our club, varying from Speech Contest to Poetry Recitation. (活动介绍)
我们俱乐部正在举办各种各样的活动,从演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵不等。
a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的
vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等
vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Different fruits vary in nutritional content, with some being rich in vitamins while others provide more fiber and minerals.
②The temperature in the desert can vary with the time of day, being extremely hot during the day and much cooler at night. (天气描写)
沙漠中的温度随一天中的时间而变化,白天非常热,晚上则凉爽得多。
教考衔接　单句写作
③I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden, which is dotted with vibrant colors and various flowers. (活动介绍,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我选择画美丽的花园,那里点缀着各种鲜艳的色彩和各式各样的花朵。
3.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难;艰难度过(生义);存活;比……活(或存在)的时间长→survivor n.幸存者→survival n.生存,存活,幸存;残存物,幸存事物
佳句背诵　
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm;it’s about learning to dance in the rain. (主旨升华)
生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存,而是要学会在雨中跳舞。
以练促学　猜测词义/语段训练
survive sth 幸免于;从……中活过来
survive on 靠……存活下来;靠……维持生活
A survive B (by+时间)　 A比B多活……
[点拨]　survive本身已表示“幸存;幸免于”,因而不要在其宾语前加多余的in或from。
①He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death,but survived the cold winter. vt.艰难度过
②It is necessary that we master some basic skills,which will greatly increase our chances of survival.Luckily,I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.
我们必须掌握一些基本的技能,这将大大增加我们生存的机会。幸运的是,我在上周可怕的车祸中幸存下来,我是事故中唯一的幸存者。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive (2023·浙江1月卷)
离开这座房子,我不禁想到它现在怎么样了。它是已经设法找到了回家的路,还是仍在某处艰难地生存
4.application n.应用,运用;申请→apply vt. & vi.应用;申请;应用;有关 vt.涂 →applicant n.
申请人→applicable adj.适用;合适
佳句背诵　
Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom.
学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。
以练促学　单句语法填空
①In my view,the official rule applies to all the emergencies that occur.
apply (to sb) for sth(向某人)申请某物
apply...to... 把……应用于/涂抹于……
apply to do sth 申请做某事
apply to sb/sth 适用于……
apply oneself to 致力于/集中精力于……
(to为介词)
②We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
③All applicants (apply) who have applied for the position as a teaching assistant should submit a formal application (apply) form before Wednesday.
教考衔接　语段训练
④Knowing that your school will be hosting a Chinese lecture, I am writing to apply for taking part in the activity. If I am accepted,I will apply myself to the job. (申请信,2023·天津6月卷)
得知贵校将举办中文讲座,我写信是想申请参加这个活动。如果我被接受,我将集中精力于这项工作。
5.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守→defend vt. & vi.防御;保护,保卫;为……辩护→defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
佳句背诵　
Local government set up some natural reserves in defence of animals close to extinction.
当地政府建立了一些自然保护区,以保护濒临灭绝的动物。
以练促学　单句写作/同义替换
in defence of 保卫……;为……辩解或辩护
defend sb/sth from/against sb/(doing) sth保护某人(物)免受某人(物)的伤害
defend...with ... 用……保护……
defend oneself 为自己辩护;自卫
①He planned to learn kung fu during the summer holidays so that he can defend himself from/against being attacked.
他计划在暑假学习功夫,这样他就可以保护自己免受攻击。
②Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed to defend his son like an arrow. in defence of
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③If he seems a little defensive (defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
片段巩固 用harm;variety;survive;application;defence完成片段
写作提示:科技应用带来了便利和挑战→警惕潜在危害→举例:过度使用电子设备会损害视力→采取防御措施→举例:设定使用时间→好处:挺过负面影响并充分利用科技
　　In today’s world, the application of technology has brought us both convenience and challenges. While it offers a variety of benefits, we also need to be aware of the potential harm it may cause. For example, overuse of electronic devices can harm our eyesight. However, with proper defence measures, such as setting limits on usage time, we can survive these negative effects and make the best use of technology.
6.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently
adv.因此;所以
佳句背诵　
As a consequence/In consequence/Consequently,people are more and more aware of the importance of ocean conservation. (短文投稿,2022·全国甲卷)
因此,人们越来越意识到保护海洋的重要性了。
as a consequence/result=in consequence/consequently 结果,因此
as a consequence/result of=in consequence of 由于……
take the consequences 承担后果
以练促学　单句写作
①Now that you have grown up,you should take the consequences of your improper behavior.　既然你已经长大,你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。
②My grandfather was under treatment in hospital,and as a consequence/in consequence/consequently,I have to take care of him.　我祖父在医院接受治疗,因此我得照顾他。
教考衔接　单句写作
③To my amazement, as a consequence of/in consequence of/as a result of my encouragement,David eventually plucked up his courage and headed for the starting line, flicking a determined smile at me.
(动作描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
令我惊奇的是,由于我的鼓励,大卫最终鼓起勇气,朝起跑线走去,对我露出了一个坚定的微笑。
7.track vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪 n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
佳句背诵　
Start a diary to keep track of the beautiful things in your own life.
开始写日记,记录下你自己生活中美好的事情。
track and field 田径
keep track of... 追踪/记录……
lose track of... 失去……的踪迹,忘记……,与……失去联系
以练促学　单句写作
①His mind would wander,and he would lose track of what he was doing.
他会走神,忘了自己正在干什么。
②Track and field events are very popular at school sports days.
田径项目在学校运动会上非常受欢迎。
教考衔接　单句写作
③David sat there with his eyes focused on the track,growing more hesitant and confused.
(情绪描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫坐在那里,眼睛盯着赛道,越来越犹豫和困惑。
8.in turn相应地,转而;依次,轮流
佳句背诵　
For one thing,not only does it help to build up our health,but it also helps us learn more effectively in turn. (建议信)
一方面,它不仅有助于强身健体,而且反过来帮助我们更有效地学习。
by turns 交替;轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
以练促学　语段训练
①The ten students who represented our club took turns to deliver speeches at the New Year Party.Finally, it was my turn to give a speech,and I was nervous but excited.
代表我们俱乐部的十名学生轮流在新年聚会上发表演讲。最后,轮到我发表演讲了,我又紧张又兴奋。
教考衔接　单句写作
②In the past,it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn, we should give a helping hand to them from now on. (发言稿,2020·天津卷)
过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们,反过来,我们应该从现在开始帮助他们。
9.come up with想出,想到;拿出;提出
佳句背诵　
With air pollution getting worse,the government needs to come up with some effective measures to deal with it. (环境保护)
随着空气污染的恶化,政府需要提出一些有效的措施来应对它。
keep up with 与……同步,跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 忍耐,忍受;熬过
end up with 以……结束
以练促学　用“动词+up with”短语填空
①Tommy had always been in the lead until the last lap when another athlete caught up with him and overtook him.
②People found it hard to put up with so much advertising in TV series that a rule has been made to ban it.
③He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (2024·浙江1月卷)
教考衔接　单句写作
④It was John who came up with the brilliant idea of making popcorn for you to sell. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
是约翰想出了做爆米花来供你去出售的好主意。
10.spring to mind突然记起(或想到),马上想到
佳句背诵　
If you refer to Hawaii,a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may spring to mind.
如果你提到夏威夷,美丽海滩和蓝色海洋的景象可能会立刻浮现在脑海里。
bear/keep...in mind 记住……
bring...to mind 使……想起
change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind 打定主意;下定决心
concentrate one’s mind on/upon... 集中注意力于……,专注于……
以练促学　语段训练
①I encouraged David in an attempt to change his mind.Eventually,he made up his mind to
take up the challenge.David concentrated his mind on the race and finally made it. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我鼓励大卫试图让他改变主意。最后,他决定要接受这个挑战。大卫把注意力集中在比赛上,终于成功了。
教考衔接　单句写作
②I’ll keep/bear his kindness and help in mind forever. (总结句,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我将永远记住他的善良和帮助。
片段巩固 用consequence;track;in turn;come up with完成片段
写作提示:考虑可能的后果→有时会迷失目标→在这种情况下,我们要思考和反思→我们可能会依次想出好的解决方案
　　When we make decisions, we need to consider the possible consequence. Sometimes, we might lose track of our goals. In this case, we must think and reflect. If so,we may come up with good solutions in turn.
句型公式:倍数关系表达法
课本原句:With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,相当于中国面积的一半以上。
佳句背诵　
The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.
这所大学是它五年前的两倍。
(1)倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as...
这种结构又演变为下列两类:
①倍数+as+many+可数名词复数+as
②倍数+as+much+不可数名词+as
(2)倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than...
(3)倍数+the+名词(size/length/height/depth/width...)+of...
(4)倍数+what从句
以练促学　一句多译
我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场,是原来的3倍大。
→My farm has expanded into a big one,which is three times bigger than the previous one. (倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than...)
→My farm has expanded into a big one,which is three times the size of the previous one. (倍数+the+名词+of)
教考衔接　单句写作
②Founded 10 years ago,Youth has six times as many readers as it did when first published. (短文投稿,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
成立于十年前的Youth,它现在的读者数量是创刊时的六倍。
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.Head Chef David Thompson,who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name,opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.(2023·全国甲卷) n.分店
2.It processes data—your speed,tilt,etc.—and sends information to the motors.
vt.加工,处理
3.Actually,all the living languages experienced many changes and developments. adj.在使用的
4.I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. n.辩护
5.The new technology has been applied to farming. vt.应用
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.track vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪 n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
①And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked...
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) vt.跟踪,追踪
②Being an athlete is very fun,painful and exciting.Every time I come to the track,I feel like I’m out of this place.
(2022·全国乙卷) n.跑道
③The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track. n.小道
④We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer’s. n.足迹,踪迹
2.break down(使)分解为;使变化(成);(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉;(身体)垮掉;(讨论、谈判等)失败;(和谈)中断
①Talks with business leaders broke down last night. (讨论、谈判等)失败
②If you work hard like that,you will break down one day. (身体)垮掉
③Old fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. (机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉
④Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40% of plastics. (使)分解为
维度二　核心知识运用
1.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety (vary),including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats,and children’s bikes. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (2023·全国乙卷)
3.The topic he came up with at the meeting caused a heated discussion.
4.If you want to make some achievements in literature,you must apply yourself to it.
5.Plenty of habitats of wild animals were destroyed.As a consequence,most of them disappeared.
6.Excellent performances on the stage call for confidence and unique professional skills.
7.Those people trapped in the traffic jam greatly need fresh food and water for survival (survive).
8.We are trying to reduce poverty (poor) and increase people’s income.
9.The red ruler is three times the length (long) of the yellow one.
10.These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.
11.The workers went on strike to protest against the economic policy of the government.
12.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and in turn this creates further problems.
维度三　完成句子
1.You are generous with your time,for which I am sincerely grateful.
您总是慷慨地抽出时间,对此我深表感谢。
2.My adviser recommended that I (should) sign up for advanced literature.
我的导师推荐我报名参加高级文学课程。
3.The adventure novel drew the boy’s attention so much that he couldn’t focus on study.
这本冒险小说太吸引男孩的注意力了,以至于他无法集中精力学习。
4.The teacher breathed life into the lesson by engaging the students in discussions.
老师通过让学生参与讨论,给课堂注入了活力。
5.Walking hand in hand by the beach, the couple enjoyed the beautiful sunset and the gentle sound of the waves.
这对夫妇手牵着手在海滩散步,享受美丽的日落和轻柔的海浪声。
6.Due to the bad weather, the match was postponed.　由于天气不好,比赛推迟了。
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(短文投稿——保护海洋)
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题,举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括:
1.人类活动对海洋造成的危害和影响;
2.保护海洋的倡议。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①6月8日是世界海洋日,旨在保护海洋生态系统。 (ecosystem,非限制性定语从句)
World Oceans Day, which falls on June 8,is designed to protect marine ecosystem.
②众所周知,众多的人类活动对海洋造成了巨大的危害。 (harm,it作形式主语)
It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to the oceans.
③由于过度捕捞和有毒废水排放的增加,海洋生态系统的情况变得越来越严峻。 (poisonous,ecosystem,due to)
Due to overfishing and increasing emission of poisonous waster water,the condition of marine ecosystem is becoming more and more serious.
④例如,鲸鱼的数量还不到40年前的一半。 (倍数关系表达法)
Whales, for example, are only less than half as many as they were forty years ago.
⑤所有这些反过来又会损害我们人类,如:越来越多的自然灾害和罕见的疾病。 (in turn)
All of these in turn will damage us human beings,such as more and more natural disasters and rare diseases.
⑥是时候采取各种方法来保护海洋免受污染了。 (various,defend)
It’s high time that we took/should take various methods to defend the oceans against pollution.
⑦请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地球需要每个人的努力和贡献。 (call for)
Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
World Oceans Day,which falls on June 8,is designed to protect marine ecosystem.
It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to the oceans.Due to overfishing and increasing emission of poisonous waster water,the condition of marine ecosystem is becoming more and more serious.Whales, for example, are only less than half as many as they were forty years ago.All of these in turn will damage us human beings,such as more and more natural disasters and rare diseases. All in all,it’s high time that we took/should take various methods to defend the oceans against pollution.
Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
1.语料积累
单 词 living adj.　　　　 居住的;活的;在用的 n.　 生活;生计 marine adj. 海洋的 surrounding adj. 周围的 advocate v. 倡导 observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守 recognize v. 认识 whale n. 鲸 plain n. 平原 adj. 简单明了的;直率的;平凡的 beauty n. 美;美人;美好的东西 creature n. 生物 urgency n. 紧迫性
词 块 a coastal village　　 沿海村庄 concerned about 对……关切的;为……担忧的 adapt to 适应 take measures 采取措施 under pressure 在压力下;承受压力 make out 看清;听清;分清 remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起(类似的)人或物 environmental changes 环境变化 human activities 人类活动 shrinking habitats 日益缩小的栖息地 declining food sources 减少的食物来源 protect our marine friends 保护我们的海洋朋友 organize beach clean ups 组织海滩清洁活动 sustainable fishing practices 可持续的捕鱼方式
靓 句 1.Living in a coastal village,I am concerned about the marine life in our surrounding seas,especially the whales. 住在沿海村庄,我非常关心我们周围海域的海洋生物,特别是鲸鱼。 2.However,these whales are under pressure due to environmental changes and human activities.　然而,这些鲸鱼因为环境变化和人类活动而承受压力。 3.We organize beach clean ups and advocate for sustainable fishing practices to ensure the whales can thrive. 我们组织海滩清洁活动并倡导可持续的捕鱼方式,以确保鲸鱼能够生生不息。 4.I wish future generations can also witness the breathtaking sight that a whale is leaping out of the ocean’s surface. 我希望未来的世代也能一睹鲸鱼跃出海面的壮观景象。
2.场景片段训练(保护濒危动物鲸鱼)
Living in a coastal village,I ①am concerned about the marine life (关心海洋生物) in our surrounding seas,especially the whales.Observing these creatures,I ②am reminded of the beauty and sacredness of life (想到了生命的美丽与神圣).However,these whales are ③under pressure (承受压力) ④due to environmental changes and human activities (因为环境变化和人类活动).They must ⑤adapt to (适应) shrinking habitats and declining food sources,which is no plain task.Our community,recognizing the urgency,⑥has taken measures to protect our marine friends (已经采取措施来保护我们的海洋朋友了).We ⑦organize beach clean ups (组织海滩清洁活动) and advocate for sustainable fishing practices to ensure the whales can thrive.I wish future generations can also witness the breathtaking sight that a whale is leaping out of the ocean’s surface.
　　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act),an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act,all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding” Darling,a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934,better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。该计划启动于1934年,其收入用来保护美国数百万英亩沼泽湿地中的水禽,并要求所有年满16岁的水禽狩猎者必须购买美国鸭票。
28.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A.Loss of wetlands.
B.Popularity of water sports.
C.Pollution of rivers.
D.Arrival of other wild animals.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).”可知,湿地的流失是水禽数量不断减少的一大原因,故选A项。]
29.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A.Acquire. B.Export.
C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知,探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时,北美洲有着多种多样的野生动物。由画线单词所在的句子“Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”可知,此处讲述的是不幸的事情,并与上文存在转折关系。故此处表达的是,这些探险者和定居者只用了几十年的时间就将大部分的资源摧毁。分析选项可知,decimate与destroy的含义相近,故选C项。]
30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A.The stamp price has gone down.
B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting.
D.The government has collected money.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat...”可推知,1934年颁布的法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了保护野生动物的资金,故选D项。]
31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B.The National Wildlife Refuge System
C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
答案　A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了美国联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。所以本文是围绕The Federal Duck Stamp 来展开文章的内容,故选A项。]
思维建模
明确主旨大意题的干扰选项的特征
以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或文章内容的某一个方面
主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛,超出了文章实际所讨论的内容
断章取义 以次要的事实或细节代替全文的主要观点
无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖
以例示法(如31题)
选项B:虽然文章提到了联邦鸭票资金用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,并将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统,但这一部分内容只是全文的一部分。犯了“以偏概全”的错误。
选项C:文章确实讨论了保护水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地的重要性及其带来的好处,但主要通过联邦鸭票计划来实现这一目标。选项C侧重于保护水禽的益处,而忽略了邮票项目作为实现保护目标的具体措施。犯了“以偏概全”的错误。
选项D:文章开头提到了早期探险者和定居者对水禽的猎杀行为,但全文的重点在于如何通过立法和联邦鸭票计划来保护迁徙水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地。选项D过于侧重于狩猎的历史,而忽略了保护措施和项目的成功,犯了“断章取义”的错误。
本文主要围绕联邦鸭票展开,介绍了其起源、作用及其在保护迁徙水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地中的重要性。因此,选项A最能全面概括全文内容。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:variety n.多样性;wildlife n.野生动物; resources n.资源;Para.2:migratory adj.迁徙的; destruction n.破坏;wetlands n.湿地; Para.3:conservation n.保护;purchase v.购买; generations n.世代 Para.1:set foot upon在……上踏足;take care of照顾; natural resources自然资源; ever increasing populations不断增长的人口; Para.2:stop the destruction停止破坏; Para.3:purchase wetlands购买湿地
析 长 难 语 句 Para.3:About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句;主句为主谓状结构;不定式短语to purchase...作目的状语;在插入语a fact...中含有that引导的定语从句。 [尝试翻译]　每一美元鸭票中约有98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金,用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,以纳入国家野生动物保护系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护,使其能为后代所用。 [语言赏析]　该句通过复杂而严谨的结构,有效地传达了联邦鸭票计划在资金使用、保护目标及其长期影响方面的关键信息。破折号的运用增强了表达的条理性和强调效果。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·滨州高三模拟)
Historical accounts often described the now extinct California grizzly bears as huge beasts ready to attack humans and livestock at any time.But according to a new paper,scientists say the truth might have been less dramatic.The bears ate a mostly vegetarian diet and were smaller than previously described.California grizzly bears once roamed in the Golden State.But European settlers often hunted,poisoned and trapped the creatures.Over time,because of these human activities,the California grizzly population declined.The last reliable sighting of a California grizzly bear occurred 100 years ago in 1924,and the animals disappeared completely sometime after that.
Researchers wanted to get a better understanding of the factors that accelerated the bears’ extinction.They also hoped to gain more insight into the creatures’ behavior,size and diet.To do so,they turned to documents and California grizzly specimens in natural history collections.They measured the animals’ skulls and teeth and analyzed their bones and pelts.The researchers found that California grizzly bears were much smaller than the 2,000 pounds often reported at the time.Historical accounts might not necessarily have been wrong,but they might have only included the largest bears.In addition,analyses of the animals’ bones and skins suggest the bears were primarily eating plants,which stands in contrast to their fearsome hyper carnivorous (超级食肉的) reputation.“The bears likely increased meat consumption due to landscape changes coupled with the arrival of livestock,” says study coauthor Alexis Mychajliw.However,researchers found the animals still ate a majority vegetarian diet and killed far less livestock than historical accounts suggested.
By digging beyond the bears’ reputation,the researchers gained a more accurate understanding of the California grizzly’s biology and natural history.And since scientists and land managers often rely on historical accounts when reintroducing animals to their former habitats,the study serves as a reminder that those old newspapers and journals do not tell the whole story.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。研究揭示了一些关于加州灰熊的真相——主要吃素食,比之前描述的要小,因此对该动物的历史纪录有可能是片面的,不完全的。
1.What does the underlined word “roamed” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Disappeared. B.Declined.
C.Fought. D.Wandered.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词下句“But European settlers often hunted...the California grizzly population declined.”可知,但欧洲殖民者经常猎杀、毒死和诱捕这些生物。随着时间的推移,由于这些人类活动,加州灰熊的数量下降了。由此可以推知,加州灰熊曾经数量很多,随处游荡。由此猜测roamed意为“游荡”,与wandered同义,故选D项。]
2.What did the researchers discover about California grizzly bears
A.They mainly fed on livestock.
B.Their diet consisted mostly of plants.
C.They ate a balanced diet of plants and meat.
D.The absence of livestock changed their dietary habit.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“In addition...hyper carnivorous (超级食肉的) reputation.”可知,研究发现灰熊主要以植物为食,故选B项。]
3.What can we learn about historical accounts of animals from the last paragraph
A.They are unique.
B.They are one sided.
C.They are accurate.
D.They are comprehensive.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句中“the study serves as a reminder...the whole story.”可推知,对动物的历史纪录有可能是片面的,并不完整和准确,故选B项。]
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The natural habitats of California grizzly bears.
B.The extinction process of California grizzly bears.
C.The reveal of the truth of California grizzly bears.
D.The significance of the arrival of California grizzly bears.
答案　C　[文章大意题。通读全文,并结合第一段可知,文章主要揭示了一些关于加州灰熊的真相——主要吃素食,比之前描述的要小,故选C项。]
(2025·“皖南八校”高三联考三)
Drought is an increasing problem in our warming world.All continents have been experiencing more extended periods without rain,leading to forest fires and poor crop growth.Consequently,people are looking at cloud seeding to solve the problem—a method of encouraging precipitation (降水) by sending small particles of certain chemicals into clouds.
Cloud seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its effectiveness.“My earliest experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail (冰雹) in northeast Colorado.We didn’t have any luck with that,but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in Utah.Now,the focus is shifting towards increasing rainfall from summer clouds,which is far more unpredictable,” said he.
The problem is that it’s pretty hard to know whether precipitation resulted directly from cloud seeding.It might have rained or snowed anyway.Even if you practice cloud seeding in one place and don’t in another,it’s impossible to know for sure what caused the precipitation.“As cloud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness uncertain,its usefulness is still a matter of opinion,” says Katja Friedrich,a researcher of University of Colorado.
Additionally,it’s not during foggy and snowy conditions that people think of increasing the chance of rainfall.When a country is hit by drought,then cloud seeding isn’t an option due to the lack of clouds.During drought,skies tend to be clear with few clouds.The best option to prevent drought is to seed at times of the year when rainfall levels are normal or higher.
There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding.At high levels,the chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals,and some studies have found them slightly poisonous.Apart from that,some environmentalists are concerned about the long term impacts,as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate in the environment over 10 years.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而,人工降雨的效果难以确定,并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题,其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。
5.What is the purpose of cloud seeding
A.To increase grain output.
B.To slow down global warming.
C.To reduce chemicals in the air.
D.To deal with dry and rain free weather.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Drought...chemicals into clouds.”可知,人工降雨是为了能应对干旱无雨的天气,故选D项。]
6.How is Arlen Huggins’ earliest experience in Paragraph 2
A.It’s effective. B.It’s unsuccessful.
C.It’s satisfying. D.It’s fruitful.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段“My earliest experience...We didn’t have any luck with that”可知,Arlen Huggins 最初是想用人工降雨的方法来减少美国科罗拉多州东北部下冰雹的数量,遗憾的是运气不好,即失败了,故选B项。]
7.What is Katja Friedrich’s attitude towards cloud seeding
A.Favourable. B.Opposed.
C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.
答案　D　[观点态度题。根据文章第三段“As cloud seeding...still a matter of opinion”可知,Katja Friedrich认为人工降雨的做法代价高且效果不确定,是有待商榷的,即对其是持怀疑态度的,故选D项。]
8.What can be inferred from the text
A.Drought currently poses the only threat to forests and crops.
B.Rainmaking in any weather will come true in the near future.
C.Researchers now can not tell if rainfall is brought by cloud seeding.
D.Chemicals sent into the clouds will become less poisonous over time.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The problem is that...what caused the precipitation.”可知,研究人员现在无法判断降雨是否是由人工降雨带来的,故选C项。]
(2025·广州高三调研)
A moment occurs in the exchange between professor and student when each of us adopts a look.My look says,“What,you don’t understand ” Theirs says,“We don’t.And we think you’re making it up.” We are having a problem.Basically,we’ve all read the same story,but we haven’t used the same analytical approaches.It may seem at times as if the professor is inventing interpretations out of thin air.
Actually,the truth is that as the slightly more experienced reader,the professor has acquired over the years the use of a certain “language of reading”.Besides,he has grasped three professional tools—memory,symbol and pattern.These items separate the professional readers from the ordinary ones.
English professors are cursed with memory.When reading a new book,I constantly seek out connections and inferences,recalling faces and themes from past reading.I can’t not do it,although there are plenty of times when that ability is not something I want to exercise.This does not necessarily improve the experience of popular entertainment.
Professors also read and think symbolically.Everything is a symbol of something,it seems,until proven otherwise.We ask:What does the thing over there represent The kind of mind that works its way through undergraduate and then graduate classes in literature and criticism tends to see things as existing in themselves while also representing something else.This tendency to understand the world in symbolic terms is enhanced by years of training and rewards the symbolic imagination.
A related phenomenon in professorial reading is pattern recognition.Most professional students of literature learn to take in the specific detail while seeing the patterns that the detail reveals.Experience has proved to them that life and books fall into similar patterns.Literature is full of patterns,and your reading experience will be much more rewarding when you can step back from the work,even while you are reading it,and look for those patterns.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了教授和学生在阅读文学作品时采用不同的分析方法以及他们理解上的不同。
9.How does the author introduce the topic
A.By describing a real life scene.
B.By using popular quotes.
C.By presenting conflicting ideas.
D.By raising an interesting question.
答案　A　[写作手法题。本文第一段描述了教授和学生之间交流的实际场景,表明他们因采用不同的分析方法而对文学作品产生不同的理解。故本文通过描述一个真实的课堂情境来引入主题,故选A项。]
10.Why do the students think the professor is making up interpretations
A.They have limited life experience.
B.They lack chances for sufficient reading.
C.They are unable to analyze the text thoroughly.
D.They do not trust the professor’s teaching abilities.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知,当教授询问学生是否明白时,他们表示没有明白,并认为教授是在编造。他们都读过同样的故事,但没有使用相同的分析方法。再结合第二段的内容可知,事实是,教授作为稍有经验的读者,多年来已经学会了使用某种“阅读语言”。此外,教授还掌握了三种专业工具。这些将专业读者与普通读者区分开来。由此可知,学生们无法彻底分析文本,故选C项。]
11.What does paragraph 3 say about English professors
A.They have a strong desire to not have their good memory.
B.Their reading habit doesn’t always guarantee desirable effects.
C.Their memory adds to their reading pleasure of popular works.
D.They keep making connections with their own life while reading.
答案　B　[细节理解题。第三段讲在阅读一本新书时,作为英语教授的作者不断寻找联系和推论,回忆过去阅读中的面孔和主题。作者不能不这样做,尽管很多时候作者不想锻炼这种能力。这并不一定会改善大众娱乐的体验。这说明教授们的阅读习惯并不总是能保证有理想的效果,故选B项。]
12.Which is the author’s suggestion on reading literature
A.Identify the hidden text modes.
B.Perceive many things at the same time.
C.Look for details and language patterns.
D.Memorize patterns of symbolic meanings.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据题目中的关键词reading literature可将答案定位在最后一段。根据该段的最后一句话可知,文学作品充满了模式,在阅读的时候,寻找这些模式会让你的阅读体验更有意义。由此可推知,作者建议在阅读文学作品时要识别隐藏的文本模式。故选A项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·重庆高三联考)
The Eyes Are the Prize
We watch our salt and fat intake to protect our hearts.We exercise and take calcium to protect our bones.　1　.But what can we do to protect our eyes We asked experts what lifestyle steps people should be taking to protect their vision and eye health.
·Spring for some quality shades
“It is very important to protect the eyes from UV (紫外线的) light,which has been shown to have a harmful effect on the eyes,” says Esen Akpek,an ophthalmology (眼科学) professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.“　2　.In fact,if the glasses are simply dark but not UV protected,that’s worse for your eyes.Do buy sunglasses that can block out 99% to 100% UV light.”
·Take a break from screens
While there’s no scientific evidence that the light from electronic screens damages eyes,staring at a screen can leave eyes extremely tired.One of the reasons is that people tend to blink (眨眼睛) less during screen use.　3　.The National Institutes of Health recommends taking a break every 20 minutes to look at something about 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
·　4　
First,smoking is terrible.It isn’t just bad for your lungs;it can harm eyes too.“Smoking causes dry eyes,harms optic (视觉的) nerves and makes eye disease worse,” says Dr.Akpek.　5　.“The more you rub,the more uncomfortable your eyes will get.It can lead to infections.Instead,take medication or use drops for allergies or dry eyes.”
A.Stop smoking
B.This leads to eye dryness
C.Get rid of those bad habits
D.Also,try not to rub your eyes
E.We apply sunscreen to protect our skin
F.Our eyes are far more important than them
G.Dark glasses aren’t necessarily the most protective
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了保护视力和利于眼睛健康的措施。
1.E　[上文谈到我们注意盐和脂肪的摄入量以保护我们的心脏,我们通过锻炼和补充钙来保护我们的骨骼,即上文列举了人们对身体的保护措施。同时根据下文谈到的“But what can we do to protect our eyes ”(但我们能做些什么来保护我们的眼睛呢 )可知,本空应该继续列举人们对身体某个部位的保护措施,故E项“我们使用防晒霜来保护皮肤”符合语境。]
2.G　[下文In fact后的内容说到“如果眼镜只是深色的,但不防紫外线,那对你的眼睛来说会更糟。一定要买可以挡住99%到100%紫外线的太阳镜”。故可知不防紫外线的深色墨镜不具有保护作用,G项“墨镜不一定最具有保护作用”符合语境。]
3.B　[上文谈到其中一个原因是人们在使用屏幕期间眨眼的次数更少。由此可知此处会说明使用屏幕期间眨眼次数更少对眼睛的危害,B项“这会导致眼睛干燥”符合题意。]
4.C　[本空是标题句。根据上文标题的结构可知应从A、C项中选择;下文的内容“吸烟是可怕的,它不仅对你的肺部有害,而且也会伤害眼睛。”可知,此处主要建议要改掉抽烟这样的坏习惯。接下来,文中又指出了第二个坏习惯——揉眼睛。故C项“改掉那些坏习惯”符合语境。]
5.D　[根据下文的“The more you rub,the more uncomfortable your eyes will get.It can lead to infections.”(揉得越多,眼睛就越不舒服。它可能导致感染。)可知,此处指出了第二个坏习惯——揉眼睛。故D项“另外,尽量不要揉你的眼睛”符合语境。D项的“rub your eyes”和原文中的“The more you rub”存在原词重复。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:extinct adj.灭绝的;previously adv.以前;reliable adj.可靠的;Para.2:accelerate v.加速;primarily adv.主要地;reputation n.声誉;Para.3:accurate adj.准确的
B Para.1:drought n.干旱;Para.2:effectiveness n.效果;Para.5:environmental adj.环境的; chemical n.化学物质;poisonous adj.有毒的
A Para.1:poison　熟义:n.毒药;生义:v.毒害;Para.2:couple　熟义:n.一对,一双,几个;生义:v.连接;结合
B Para.4:hit　熟义:v.打击;生义:vt.产生不良影响;危害
A Para.1:at any time随时;Para.2:in addition另外;far less远少于;Para.3:rely on依赖于; serve as充当
B Para.1:lead to导致;Para.4:tend to倾向于;Para.5:environmental issues环境问题;apart from除了
长 难 句 式 A Para.2:In addition,analyses of the animals’ bones and skins suggest the bears were primarily eating plants,which stands in contrast to their fearsome hyper carnivorous reputation. [分析]　这是一个复合句。从句the bears were primarily eating plants在句中作动词suggest的宾语;非限制性定语从句which stands in contrast to their fearsome hyper carnivorous reputation修饰整个主句。 [译文]　此外,对这些动物骨骼和皮肤的分析表明,这些熊主要是以植物为食,这与它们可怕的超级食肉动物的名声形成了鲜明对比。
B Para.5:Apart from that,some environmentalists are concerned about the long term impacts,as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate in the environment over 10 years. [分析]　这是一个复合句。从属连词as引导原因状语从句;how much引导从句作介词on的宾语。 [译文]　除此之外,一些环境学家担心长期影响,因为没有数据表明10年内那些化学物质在环境中积累了多少。(共176张PPT)
UNIT 1　Nature in the balance
必修第三册
主题语境:人与环境、人与动植物
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.ecosystem n.　生态系统
2.overseas adj. 海外的,国外的
adv. 在海外,向国外
3.mammal n. 哺乳动物
4.species n. (pl. species)种;物种
5.brochure n. 小册子
6.insect n. 昆虫
7.nut n. 坚果
8.poverty n. 贫穷,贫困;贫乏
9.carbon n. 碳
10.oxygen n. 氧,氧气
11.climate n. 气候;倾向,风气
12.image n. 形象;图像;意象
13.habitat n. 生活环境,栖息地
mittee n. 委员会
15.mass n. 大量;团,块,堆;一大群
adj. 大批的,广泛的
16.belt n. 地带,地区;腰带;传送带
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.beneath the surface of the ocean 在海洋表面之下
2.have an impact on the residents in the region对该地区的居民有影响
3.do/cause damage to his reputation 对他的名誉造成损害
4.win a gold medal for his branch 为他的部门赢得一枚金牌
5.protest against the policy 抗议这项政策
6.in the process of protecting wildlife 在保护野生动植物的过程中
7.an effective learning strategy 一个有效的学习策略
8.recycle newspaper 回收报纸
9.a former student of our school
我校以前的一名学生
10.a muddy track 泥泞小道
11.the peace process 和平进程
12.a branch manager 分部经理
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.harm n.& vt.　　 伤害,损害
　harmful adj. 有害的;导致损害的
　harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的
2.continent n. 大陆,陆地,洲
　continental adj. 大陆的;大洲的
3.length n. 长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长
　long adj. 长的
　lengthen vi.& vt. (使)变长
4.various adj. 各种不同的,各种各样的
　vary vi. 变化,改变
　variety n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
5.survive vi. 生存,存活
　　　　vt. 幸存,幸免于难;比……活(或存在)的时间长
　survival n. 生存,幸存;残存物,幸存事物
　survivor n. 幸存者
6.nutrient n. 营养素,营养物
　nutrition n. 营养
　nutritious adj. 有营养的
7.disappear vi. 不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪
　appear vi. 出现
　disappearance n. 消失
8.agriculture n. 农业,农学
　agricultural adj. 农业的
9.extinction n. 灭绝,绝种
　extinct adj. 绝种的;绝迹的
10.application n. 应用,运用;申请
　apply vt.& vi. 应用;申请;有关
　　　　vt. 涂
　applicant n. 申请人
　applicable adj. 适用;合适
11.organization n. 组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理
　organize vt. 组织
　organizer n. 组织者
12.absolutely adv. 绝对地,完全地;极其
　absolute adj. 绝对的;完全的
13.entirely adv. 完全地,全部地,完整地
　entire adj. 完全的
14.defence n. 辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
　defend vt & vi. 防御;保护;保卫;为……辩护
　defensive adj. 防御的;自卫的
15.economic adj. 经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的
　economy n. 经济
　economical adj. 经济的,实惠的;节俭的
　economically adv. 在经济上;经济地;节俭地
16.poison vt. 污染;毒死,毒害
　　　　n. 毒物,毒药
　poisonous adj. 有毒的
17.chemical n. 化学制品
　　　　　adj. 化学的;化学作用的
　chemistry n. 化学
　chemist n. 化学家
18.consequence n. 结果,后果;重要性
　consequent adj. 随之发生的
　consequently adv. 因此;所以
19.profit n. 利润,收益;好处
　　　vi.& vt. 获益,得到好处
　profitable adj. 有利润的;盈利的
20.official n. 官员,要员
　　　　adj. 公务的;正式的,官方的
　officially adv. 官方地;正式地;公开地
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.in length 在长度上
2.sign up 报名
3.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
4.hand in hand 手拉手
5.draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
6.build up 逐渐增加;建立;开发;扩大
7.break down (使)分解为,使变化(成);(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉;(身体)垮掉;(讨论、谈判等)失败;破裂
8.come up with 想出,想到
9.call for (公开)要求;需要
10.breathe life into给……带来起色,注入活力
11.a variety of 各种各样
12.give rise to 使发生(或存在);引起
13.in turn 相应地,转而
14.due to 由于,因为
15.get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
16.protest against反对
17.in defence of 为……辩护;保护,保卫……
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(倍数关系表达法)
　亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,相当于中国面积的一半以上。
2.The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句)
　亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6 400千米,比长江还长约100千米。
3.While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(while引导让步状语从句)
　尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
4.As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.(as引导时间状语从句;so+助动词+主语)
　随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
5.We’ve been taking various measures,including the use of new technologies,to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.
(even though/if引导让步状语从句)
　我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术、减少生产过程中的污染,即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
6.It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.(it作形式主语)
　我们的责任是保护环境,同时着眼于经济发展。
词汇横拓串记
前缀eco-单词一览 “野生动物”知多少 “n.+prep.+n.”类短语聚焦
①ecosystem n.生态系统 ②ecology n. 生态学 ③ecological adj. 生态的 ④ecologist n. 生态学家 ⑤ecotourism n. 生态旅游业 ⑥eco-friendly adj. 环保的 ①whale n. 鲸 ②kangaroo n. 袋鼠 ③squirrel n. 松鼠 ④panda n. 熊猫 ⑤shark n. 鲨鱼 ⑥dolphin n. 海豚 ①hand in hand手拉手地
②heart to heart心连心地
③shoulder to shoulder
肩并肩地
④face to face面对面地
⑤back to back背对背地
⑥side by side肩并肩地
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.maintain the balance of the ecosystem
　　　　　　 　　　　 维持　　　　　　的平衡
2.the overseas market 　　　　　　市场
3.endangered species 濒危　　　　　
4.masses of harmful insects 大量的有害　　　　　
5.a tour brochure 一本旅游　　　　　
生态系统
Step One　写一写
海外
物种
昆虫
手册
6.the habitats of animals 动物的　　　　　
7.the Nobel Prize Committee 诺贝尔奖　　　　　
8.act as the image ambassador 担任　　　　　　大使
9.out of poverty 摆脱　　　　　
10.fight against climate change 应对　　　　　　变化
栖息地
委员会
形象
贫穷
气候
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 n.　　 (政府或机构)部门;分部; 分店;树枝;支流;分支
2.　　　　　　 n. 地区,区域;行政区
3.　　　　　　 vt.& n. 损害,伤害,损坏,破坏
4.　　　　　　 n. 野生动植物,野生生物
5.　　　　　　 n. 奖章,勋章
6.　　　　　　 n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞
vi.& vt. 有影响;冲击
branch
region
damage
wildlife
medal
impact
7.　　　　　　 n. 居民,住户
8.　　　　　　 vi. 反对,抗议
vt. 反对;坚持声称,申辩
n. 抗议,反对
9.　　　　　　 vt.& vi. 跟踪,追踪
n. 足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
10.　　　　　　 n. 过程,进程;步骤,流程
vt. 加工,处理
resident
protest
track
process
11.　　　　　　 n. 政策,方针;原则
12.　　　　　　 vt. 回收利用,再利用
13.　　　　　　 adj. 昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的
14.　　　　　　 prep. 在……下面,在……下方;配不上
policy
recycle
former
beneath
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 vi. 变化,改变
　　　　　　　 n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体
　　　　　　　 adj. 各种不同的,各种各样的
2.　　　　　　 vi. 生存,存活
　　　　　　　vt. 幸存,幸免于难;比……活(或存在)的时间长
　　　　　　　 n. 生存,幸存;残存物,幸存事物
　　　　　　　 n. 幸存者
vary
variety
various
survive
survival
survivor
3.　　　　　　 adj. 完全的
　　　　　　　 adv. 完全地,全部地,完整地
4.　　　　　　 n.& vt. 伤害,损害
　　　　　　　 adj. 有害的;导致损害的
　　　　　　　 adj. 无害的;无恶意的
5.　　　　　　 adj. 长的
　　　　　　　 n. 长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长
　　　　　　　 vi.& vt. (使)变长
entire
entirely
harm
harmful
harmless
long
length
lengthen
6.　　　　　　 n. 官员,要员
　　　　　　adj. 公务的;正式的,官方的
　　　　　　　 adv. 官方地;正式地;公开地
7.　　　　　　 n. 经济
　　　　　　　 adj. 经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的
　　　　　　　 adj. 经济的,实惠的;节俭的
　　　　　　　 adv. 在经济上;经济地;节俭地
official
officially
economy
economic
economical
economically
8.　　　　　　 adj. 随之发生的
　　　　　　　 n. 结果,后果;重要性
　　　　　　　 adv. 因此;所以
9.　　　　　　 n. 利润,收益;好处
　　　　　vi.& vt. 获益,得到好处
　　　　　　　 adj. 有利润的;盈利的
consequent
consequence
consequently
profit
profitable
10.　　　　　　 n. 营养素,营养物
　　　　　　　 adj. 有营养的
　　　　　　　 n. 营养
11.　　　　　　 adj. 绝种的;绝迹的
　　　　　　　 n. 灭绝,绝种
nutrient
nutritious
nutrition
extinct
extinction
12.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.应用;申请;有关
　　　　　　　 vt. 涂
　　　　　　　 n. 应用,运用;申请
　　　　　　　 n. 申请人
　　　　　　　 adj. 适用;合适
13.　　　　　　 vt. & vi.防御;保护;保卫; 为……辩护
　　　　　　　 n. 辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
　　　　　　　 adj. 防御的;自卫的
apply
application
applicant
applicable
defend
defence
defensive
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　相应地,转而
2.　　　　　　　　　使分解(为),使变化(成);(机器或车辆)出故障,
坏掉;(身体)垮掉;(讨论、谈判等)失败;破裂
3.　　　　　　　 给……带来起色,注入活力
4.　　　　　　　 使发生(或存在);引起
5.　　　　　　　 逐渐增加;建立;开发;扩大
6.　　　　　　　 想出,想到
in turn
break down
breathe life into
give rise to
build up
come up with
7.call for 　　　　　　　
8.spring to mind 　　　　　　　
9.get rid of 　　　　　　　
10.due to 　　　　　　　
11.in length 　　　　　　　
12.sign up 　　　　　　　
(公开)要求; 需要
突然记起(或想到)
摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
由于,因为
在长度上
报名
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:while引导让步状语从句
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we can guide ourselves with determination and love.
　尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么,我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。
While we can't predict what will happen in the future
2.句型公式:倍数关系表达法
　Our school has built a new library recently,which is 　　　　　 　
　 　　　　　.
我们学校最近修建了一个新图书馆,是原来的三倍大。
three times
larger than the previous one
3.句型公式:even though/if引导让步状语从句
　　　　　 　 　　　　　 , I will still continue playing the piano as my hobby.(2023·全国乙卷)
即使我不把它作为我的终身职业,我依然会继续弹奏钢琴作为我的爱好。
Even though/if I will not pursue it as my life career
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.The gold m　　　　　　 will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
2.Follow the t　　　　　　 of the vehicles,otherwise you will get lost.
3.The f　　　　　　 manager of the department had attempted to remind him of the important appointment,but he gave up later.
edal
Step Two　练一练
rack
ormer
4.One thing to remember is that it is the p　　　　　　 not the end product that matters.
5.To protect the environment,it is advocated that we
r　　　　　　 everything recyclable in our daily life.
6.Being addicted to computers does great d　　　　　　 to teenagers in many ways.
rocess
ecycle
amage
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.An 　　　　　　once told me June 8th was 　　　　　　named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.(office)(2022·全国甲卷改编)
2.There are 　　　　　　goods in the supermarket,and the prices
　　　　　　from cents to dollars.The 　　　　attracts many customers. (vary)
3.She is a new graduate from Shandong University. She 　　　　to a big company for a post last week.The interviewer said her
　　　　 was the best among all the 　　　　　　.(apply)
official
officially
various
vary
variety
applied
application
applicants
4.Only two passengers 　　　　　　the air crash.When the two 　　　　　　were interviewed,they said their 　　　　　　was a wonder.
(survive)
5.These measures can be used to protect animal species which are endangered or 　　　　　　,and as a consequence,these measures are of great importance to prevent animals'　　　　　　. (extinct)
survived
survival
extinct
extinction
Ⅲ.短语填空
get rid of　break down　come up with　build up　give rise to
spring to mind
1.We were downloading learning materials when our computer
　　 　　　　.
2.Let‘s take the responsibility 　　　　　 　a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.
3.When discussing influential novelists,three names immediately
　 　　　　　.
broke down
to build up
spring to mind
4.As the quality of the city's air 　 　　　　　concerns,the residents are forbidden to set off fireworks.
5.If you want 　　 　　　　new ideas,you need to feed your mind with good ideas.
6.Practicing yoga is a good way for you 　　　　　 your stress and find some inner peace.
has given rise to
to come up with
to get rid of
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tom joined an environmental protection 1.　　　　　 (organize) as a volunteer.Soon he was sent to work.After arriving at the continent,he started to study 2.　　　　　　 (vary) wildlife in some regions.He learned that 3.　　　　　　 (mass) of species had lived there before,but later many disappeared.
organization
various
masses
Two factors led to the results.One was bad climate.
4.　　　　　　 other was human beings.It was human activities
5.　　　　　　 damaged the habitats of some animals.Besides,some farmers 6.　 　　 (poison) many animals while using chemicals. Some even tracked and killed animals to make a profit.
7. 　 　 defence of the animals close to extinction,Tom determined to do something to prevent them from 8.　　　 (harm)
The
that
poisoned
In
harming
the animals.He gave out some brochures among the residents. Slowly,they realized what they did was wrong and had a bad impact on animals. In turn,they themselves also suffered a lot.In addition,
9.　　　　　　 (help) local people get rid of poverty,he came up with some strategies. 10.　　　　　　 (consequent),he earned all the residents' respect.
to help
Consequently
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.2 写作迁移
1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害→harmful adj.有害的;导致损害的→harmless
　adj.无害的;无恶意的
佳句背诵　
These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing serious harm to life and the environment.(倡议书)
如今,违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见,对生活和环境造成了严重的危害。
do/cause harm to sb/sth=do sb/sth harm对……有害
there is no harm in doing sth=it does no harm to do sth
做某事没有坏处
be harmful/harmless to 对……有害/无害
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing 　　　　　　(harm) gases,such as carbon dioxide.(2023·全国乙卷)
harmful
②Being addicted to online games 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。
教考衔接　单句写作
③My teacher cast me an encouraging smile,saying,“In my opinion,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.”
(语言描写,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑,说:“在我看来,参加写作比赛并没有什么坏处。”
is harmful to/does harm to our
physical and mental health
there is no harm in entering a writing contest
2.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体→various adj.各种不同的;
各种各样的→vary vi.(根据情况)变化,改变
佳句背诵　
Varieties of activities are being held by our club, varying from Speech Contest to Poetry Recitation.(活动介绍)
我们俱乐部正在举办各种各样的活动,从演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵不等。
a variety of=varieties of各种各样的
vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化; 从……到……不等
vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Different fruits vary 　　　　　　nutritional content, with some being rich in vitamins while others provide more fiber and minerals.
②The temperature in the desert can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
being extremely hot during the day and much cooler at night.
(天气描写)
沙漠中的温度随一天中的时间而变化,白天非常热,晚上则凉爽得多。
in
vary with the time of day
教考衔接　单句写作
③I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden, 　 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (活动介绍,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我选择画美丽的花园,那里点缀着各种鲜艳的色彩和各式各样的花朵。
which is dotted with
vibrant colors and various flowers
3.survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难;艰难度过(生义);存活;比……活(或存在)的时间长→survivor n.幸存者→survival n.生存,存活,幸存;残存物,幸存事物
佳句背诵　
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm;it’s about learning to dance in the rain.(主旨升华)
生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存,而是要学会在雨中跳舞。
survive sth 幸免于;从……中活过来
survive on 靠……存活下来;靠……维持生活
A survive B (by+时间)　A比B多活……
[点拨]　survive本身已表示“幸存;幸免于”,因而不要在其宾语前加多余的in或from。
以练促学　猜测词义/语段训练
①He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death,but survived the cold winter. 　　　　　
vt.艰难度过
②It is necessary that we master some basic skills,which will
greatly 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 . Luckily, I
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　last week and I was
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我们必须掌握一些基本的技能,这将大大增加我们生存的机会。幸运的是,我在上周可怕的车祸中幸存下来,我是事故中唯一的幸存者。
increase our chances of survival
survived the terrible car crash
the only survivor of the accident
教考衔接　单句写作
③Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere 　　 　　　　 (2023·浙江1月卷)
离开这座房子,我不禁想到它现在怎么样了。它是已经设法找到了回家的路,还是仍在某处艰难地生存
struggling to survive
4.application n.应用,运用;申请→apply vt. & vi.应用;申请;应用;有关
vt.涂 →applicant n. 申请人→applicable adj.适用;合适
佳句背诵　
Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom.
学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。
apply (to sb) for sth(向某人)申请某物
apply...to... 把……应用于/涂抹于……
apply to do sth 申请做某事
apply to sb/sth 适用于……
apply oneself to 致力于/集中精力于…… (to为介词)
以练促学　单句语法填空
①In my view,the official rule applies 　　　　　 all the emergencies that occur.
to
②We must apply what we have learned 　　　　　　our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
③All 　　 (apply) who have applied 　　 　　the position as a teaching assistant should submit a formal 　　　　　　(apply) form before Wednesday.
to
applicants
for
application
教考衔接　语段训练
④Knowing that your school will be hosting a Chinese lecture,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　.
If I am accepted,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(申请信,2023·天津6月卷)
得知贵校将举办中文讲座,我写信是想申请参加这个活动。如果我被接受,我将集中精力于这项工作。
I am writing to apply for taking part in the activity
will apply myself to the job
5.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守→defend vt. & vi.防御;
保护,保卫;为……辩护→defensive adj.防御的;自卫的
佳句背诵　
Local government set up some natural reserves in defence of animals close to extinction.
当地政府建立了一些自然保护区,以保护濒临灭绝的动物。
in defence of 保卫……;为……辩解或辩护
defend sb/sth from/against sb/(doing) sth
保护某人(物)免受某人(物)的伤害
defend...with ... 用……保护……
defend oneself 为自己辩护;自卫
以练促学　单句写作/同义替换
①He planned to learn kung fu during the summer holidays so that he can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　.
他计划在暑假学习功夫,这样他就可以保护自己免受攻击。
②Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.
　　　　　
defend himself from/against being attacked
in defence of
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③If he seems a little 　　　　　　(defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
defensive
In today's world, the application of technology has brought us both convenience and challenges. While it offers a variety of benefits, we also need to be aware of the potential harm it may cause. For example, overuse of electronic devices can harm our eyesight. However, with proper defence measures, such as setting limits on usage time, we can survive these negative effects and make the best use of technology.
6.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的
→consequently adv.因此;所以
佳句背诵　
As a consequence/In consequence/Consequently,people are more and more aware of the importance of ocean conservation. (短文投稿,2022·全国甲卷) 因此,人们越来越意识到保护海洋的重要性了。
as a consequence/result=in consequence/consequently 结果,因此
as a consequence/result of=in consequence of 由于……
take the consequences 承担后果
以练促学　单句写作
①Now that you have grown up,you should　 　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
既然你已经长大,你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。
②My grandfather was under treatment in hospital,and
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I have to take care of him.
我祖父在医院接受治疗,因此我得照顾他。
take the consequences
of your improper behavior
as a consequence/in consequence/consequently
教考衔接　单句写作
③To my amazement, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,David eventually
plucked up his courage and headed for the starting line, flicking a determined smile at me.(动作描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
令我惊奇的是,由于我的鼓励,大卫最终鼓起勇气,朝起跑线走去,对我露出了一个坚定的微笑。
　　　　　　　　　　as a consequence of/in consequence of/as a result of my encouragement
7.track vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪 n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
佳句背诵　
Start a diary to keep track of the beautiful things in your own life.
开始写日记,记录下你自己生活中美好的事情。
track and field 田径
keep track of... 追踪/记录……
lose track of... 失去……的踪迹,忘记……, 与……失去联系
以练促学　单句写作
①His mind would wander,and he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他会走神,忘了自己正在干什么。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 are very popular at school sports days.
田径项目在学校运动会上非常受欢迎。
would lose track of what
he was doing
Track and field events
教考衔接　单句写作
③　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　, growing more hesitant and confused.(情绪描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫坐在那里,眼睛盯着赛道,越来越犹豫和困惑。
David sat there with his eyes focused on the track
8.in turn相应地,转而;依次,轮流
佳句背诵　
For one thing,not only does it help to build up our health,but it also helps us learn more effectively in turn.(建议信)
一方面,它不仅有助于强身健体,而且反过来帮助我们更有效地学习。
by turns 交替;轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
以练促学　语段训练
①The ten students who represented our club　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 　 at the New Year Party.Finally, 　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　, and I was nervous but excited.
代表我们俱乐部的十名学生轮流在新年聚会上发表演讲。最后,轮到我发表演讲了,我又紧张又兴奋。
took turns to deliver
speeches
it was my turn to
give a speech
教考衔接　单句写作
②In the past,it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and 　　　　　　　　　　　, we should give a helping hand to them from now on.(发言稿,2020·天津卷)
过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们,反过来,我们应该从现在开始帮助他们。
in turn
9.come up with想出,想到;拿出;提出
佳句背诵　
With air pollution getting worse,the government needs to come up with some effective measures to deal with it.(环境保护)
随着空气污染的恶化,政府需要提出一些有效的措施来应对它。
keep up with 与……同步,跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 忍耐,忍受;熬过
end up with 以……结束
以练促学　用“动词+up with”短语填空
①Tommy had always been in the lead until the last lap when another athlete 　　　　　　　　　　him and overtook him.
②People found it hard to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　so much advertising in TV series that a rule has been made to ban it.
③He noted that his online students usually 　 　　　　　
lower grades. (2024·浙江1月卷)
caught up with
put up with
end up with
教考衔接　单句写作
④It was John who 　 　　　　　　　　　　　 of making popcorn for you to sell.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
是约翰想出了做爆米花来供你去出售的好主意。
came up with the brilliant idea
10.spring to mind突然记起(或想到),马上想到
佳句背诵　
If you refer to Hawaii,a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may spring to mind. 如果你提到夏威夷,美丽海滩和蓝色海洋的景象可能会立刻浮现在脑海里。
bear/keep...in mind 记住……
bring...to mind 使……想起
change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind 打定主意;下定决心
concentrate one’s mind on/upon... 集中注意力于……,专注于……
以练促学　语段训练
①I encouraged David in an attempt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Eventually,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　to take up the challenge.　David 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 and finally made it. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我鼓励大卫试图让他改变主意。最后,他决定要接受这个挑战。大卫把注意力集中在比赛上,终于成功了。
to change his mind
made up his mind
concentrated his mind on the race
教考衔接　单句写作
②I’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
forever.(总结句,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我将永远记住他的善良和帮助。
keep/bear his kindness and help in mind
　　　When we make decisions, we need to consider the possible consequence. Sometimes, we might lose track of our goals. In this case, we must think and reflect. If so,we may come up with good solutions in turn.
句型公式:倍数关系表达法
课本原句:With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,相当于中国面积的一半以上。
佳句背诵　
The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.
这所大学是它五年前的两倍。
(1)倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as...
这种结构又演变为下列两类:
①倍数+as+many+可数名词复数+as
②倍数+as+much+不可数名词+as
(2)倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than...
(3)倍数+the+名词(size/length/height/depth/width...)+of...
(4)倍数+what从句
以练促学　一句多译
①我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场,是原来的3倍大。
→My farm has expanded into a big one,　 　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than...)
→My farm has expanded into a big one,　　 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(倍数+the+名词+of)
which is three times bigger
than the previous one
which is three times
the size of the previous one
教考衔接　单句写作
②Founded 10 years ago,Youth 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
as it did when first published.(短文投稿,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
成立于十年前的Youth,它现在的读者数量是创刊时的六倍。
has six times as many readers
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.Head Chef David Thompson,who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name,opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.(2023·全国甲卷)
　　　　　
2.It processes data—your speed,tilt,etc.—and sends information to the motors. 　　　　　
n.分店
vt.加工,处理
3.Actually,all the living languages experienced many changes and developments. 　　　　　
4.I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 　　　　　
5.The new technology has been applied to farming. 　　　　　
adj.在使用的
n.辩护
vt.应用
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.track vt.& vi.跟踪,追踪 n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
vt.跟踪,追踪
①And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked... (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②Being an athlete is very fun,painful and exciting.Every time I come to the track,I feel like I’m out of this place. (2022·全国乙卷)
　　　　　
n.跑道
③The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.
　　　　　
④We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer’s. 　　　　　
n.小道
n.足迹,踪迹
2.break down(使)分解为;使变化(成);(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉;(身体)
垮掉;(讨论、谈判等)失败;(和谈)中断
(讨论、谈判等)失败
①Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
　　　　　　　　　　
②If you work hard like that,you will break down one day.
　　　　　
③Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 　　　 　　　　 　 　　　
(身体)垮掉
(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉
④Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40% of plastics. 　　　　　
(使)分解为
维度二　核心知识运用
1.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide 　　　　　　(vary),including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats,and children’s bikes.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended
　　　　　　almost missing the sunset entirely.(2023·全国乙卷)
variety
up
3.The topic he came up 　　　　　　at the meeting caused a heated discussion.
4.If you want to make some achievements in literature,you must apply yourself 　　　　　　it.
5.Plenty of habitats of wild animals were destroyed.As
　　　　　　consequence,most of them disappeared.
6.Excellent performances on the stage call 　　　　　　confidence and unique professional skills.
with
to
a
for
7.Those people trapped in the traffic jam greatly need fresh food and water for 　　　　　　(survive).
8.We are trying to reduce 　　　　　　(poor) and increase people’s income.
9.The red ruler is three times the 　　　　　 (long) of the yellow one.
10.These chemicals in the food supply build 　　　　　　in people’s bodies over time.
survival
poverty
length
up
11.The workers went on strike to protest 　　　　　　the economic policy of the government.
12.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and 　　　　　　turn this creates further problems.
against
in
维度三　完成句子
1.You are generous with your time,　　　　　　　　　　　　 　.
　您总是慷慨地抽出时间,对此我深表感谢。
2.My adviser recommended that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　我的导师推荐我报名参加高级文学课程。
for which I am sincerely grateful
I (should) sign up for advanced
literature
3.The adventure novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that
　he couldn’t focus on study.
　这本冒险小说太吸引男孩的注意力了,以至于他无法集中精力学习。
4.The teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by engaging
　the students in discussions.
　老师通过让学生参与讨论,给课堂注入了活力。
drew the boy's attention so much
breathed life into the lesson
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the couple
　 enjoyed the beautiful sunset and the gentle sound of the waves.
　这对夫妇手牵着手在海滩散步,享受美丽的日落和轻柔的海浪声。
6. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the match was postponed.
　由于天气不好,比赛推迟了。
Walking hand in hand by the beach
Due to the bad weather
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(短文投稿——保护海洋)
　　你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题,举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括:
1.人类活动对海洋造成的危害和影响;
2.保护海洋的倡议。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①6月8日是世界海洋日,旨在保护海洋生态系统。(ecosystem,非限制性定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
World Oceans Day, which falls on June 8,is designed to protect marine ecosystem.
②众所周知,众多的人类活动对海洋造成了巨大的危害。(harm,it作形式主语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
It is well-known that a great many human activities have done great harm to the oceans.
③由于过度捕捞和有毒废水排放的增加,海洋生态系统的情况变得越来越严峻。(poisonous,ecosystem,due to)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
④例如,鲸鱼的数量还不到40年前的一半。(倍数关系表达法)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Due to overfishing and increasing emission of poisonous waster water,the condition of marine ecosystem is becoming more and more serious.
Whales, for example, are only less than half as many as they were forty years ago.
⑤所有这些反过来又会损害我们人类,如:越来越多的自然灾害和罕见的疾病。(in turn)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
⑥是时候采取各种方法来保护海洋免受污染了。(various,defend)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
All of these in turn will damage us human beings,such as more and more natural disasters and rare diseases.
It's high time that we took/should take various methods to defend the oceans against pollution.
⑦请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地球需要每个人的努力和贡献。
(call for)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone's efforts and contributions.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
World Oceans Day,which falls on June 8,is designed to protect marine ecosystem.
It is well-known that a great many human activities have done great harm to the oceans.Due to overfishing and increasing emission of poisonous waster water,the condition of marine ecosystem is becoming more and more serious.Whales, for example, are only less than half as many as they were forty years ago.All of these in turn will
damage us human beings,such as more and more natural disasters and rare diseases. All in all,it's high time that we took/should take various methods to defend the oceans against pollution.
Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone's efforts and contributions.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
1.语料积累
单 词 living adj.　　　　居住的;活的;在用的
n.　 生活;生计
marine adj. 海洋的
surrounding adj. 周围的
advocate v. 倡导
observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守
recognize v. 认识
whale n. 鲸
plain n. 平原
adj. 简单明了的;直率的;平凡的
beauty n. 美;美人;美好的东西
creature n. 生物
urgency n. 紧迫性
词 块 a coastal village　　沿海村庄
concerned about 对……关切的;为……担忧的
adapt to 适应
take measures 采取措施
under pressure 在压力下;承受压力
make out 看清;听清;分清
remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起(类似的)人或物
environmental changes环境变化
human activities 人类活动
shrinking habitats 日益缩小的栖息地
declining food sources减少的食物来源
protect our marine friends保护我们的海洋朋友
organize beach clean-ups组织海滩清洁活动
sustainable fishing practices可持续的捕鱼方式
靓 句 1.Living in a coastal village,I am concerned about the marine life in our surrounding seas,especially the whales.
住在沿海村庄,我非常关心我们周围海域的海洋生物,特别是鲸鱼。
2.However,these whales are under pressure due to environmental changes and human activities.　
然而,这些鲸鱼因为环境变化和人类活动而承受压力。
3.We organize beach clean-ups and advocate for sustainable fishing practices to ensure the whales can thrive. 我们组织海滩清洁活动并倡导可持续的捕鱼方式,以确保鲸鱼能够生生不息。
4.I wish future generations can also witness the breathtaking sight that a whale is leaping out of the ocean’s surface.
我希望未来的世代也能一睹鲸鱼跃出海面的壮观景象。
2.场景片段训练(保护濒危动物鲸鱼)
Living in a coastal village,I ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(关心海洋生物) in our surrounding seas,especially the whales.　Observing these creatures,I ②　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　 　 (想到了生命的美丽与神圣).
However,these whales are ③　　　　　　　　　　 (承受压力)
am concerned about the marine life
am reminded of the beauty and
sacredness of life
under pressure
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 (因为环境变化和人类活动).They must ⑤　　　　　　　　　 (适应) shrinking habitats and declining food sources,which is no plain task.Our community,recognizing the urgency,⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (已经采取措施来保护我们的海洋朋友了).We ⑦　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　
(组织海滩清洁活动) and advocate for sustainable fishing practices to ensure the whales can thrive.I wish future generations can also witness the breathtaking sight that a whale is leaping out of the ocean’s surface.
due to environmental changes and human activities
adapt to
has taken measures to
protect our marine friends
organize beach clean-ups
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of
market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act),an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act,all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding” Darling,a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934,better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。该计划启动于1934年,其收入用来保护美国数百万英亩沼泽湿地中的水禽,并要求所有年满16岁的水禽狩猎者必须购买美国鸭票。
28.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North
America
A.Loss of wetlands.
B.Popularity of water sports.
C.Pollution of rivers.
D.Arrival of other wild animals.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).”可知,湿地的流失是水禽数量不断减少的一大原因,故选A项。
29.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first
paragraph
A.Acquire. B.Export.
C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知,探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时,北美洲有着多种多样的野生动物。由画线单词所在的句子“Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”可知,此处讲述的是不幸的事情,并与上文存在转折关系。故此处表达的是,这些探险者和定居者只用了几十年的时间就将大部分的资源摧毁。分析选项可知,decimate与destroy的含义相近,故选C项。
30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A.The stamp price has gone down.
B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting.
D.The government has collected money.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat...”可推知,1934年颁布的法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了保护野生动物的资金,故选D项。
31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B.The National Wildlife Refuge System
C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
√
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了美国联邦鸭票计划的由来和它的意义。所以本文是围绕The Federal Duck Stamp 来展开文章的内容,故选A项。
思维建模
明确主旨大意题的干扰选项的特征
以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或文章内容的某一个方面
主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛,超出了文章实际所讨论的内容
断章取义 以次要的事实或细节代替全文的主要观点
无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖
以例示法(如31题)
选项B:虽然文章提到了联邦鸭票资金用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,并将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统,但这一部分内容只是全文的一部分。犯了“以偏概全”的错误。
选项C:文章确实讨论了保护水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地的重要性及其带来的好处,但主要通过联邦鸭票计划来实现这一目标。选项C侧重于保护水禽的益处,而忽略了邮票项目作为实现保护目标的具体措施。犯了“以偏概全”的错误。
选项D:文章开头提到了早期探险者和定居者对水禽的猎杀行为,但全文的重点在于如何通过立法和联邦鸭票计划来保护迁徙水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地。选项D过于侧重于狩猎的历史,而忽略了保护措施和项目的成功,犯了“断章取义”的错误。
本文主要围绕联邦鸭票展开,介绍了其起源、作用及其在保护迁徙水禽、湿地和野生动物栖息地中的重要性。因此,选项A最能全面概括全文内容。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:variety n.多样性;wildlife n.野生动物; resources n.资源; Para.2:migratory adj.迁徙的; destruction n.破坏;wetlands n.湿地; Para.3:conservation n.保护; purchase v.购买; generations n.世代 Para.1:set foot upon在……上踏足;take care of照顾; natural resources自然资源;
ever-increasing populations不断增长的人口;
Para.2:stop the destruction停止破坏;
Para.3:purchase wetlands购买湿地
析 长 难 语 句 Para.3:About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句;主句为主谓状结构;不定式短语to purchase...作目的状语;在插入语a fact...中含有that引导的定语从句。
[尝试翻译]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
[语言赏析]　该句通过复杂而严谨的结构,有效地传达了联邦鸭票计划在资金使用、保护目标及其长期影响方面的关键信息。破折号的运用增强了表达的条理性和强调效果。
每一美元鸭票中约有98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金,用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,以纳入国家野生动物保护系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护,使其能为后代所用。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·滨州高三模拟)
Historical accounts often described the now-extinct California grizzly bears as huge beasts ready to attack humans and livestock at any time.But according to a new paper,scientists say the truth might have been less dramatic.The bears ate a mostly vegetarian diet and were smaller than previously described.California grizzly bears once roamed in the Golden State.But European settlers often hunted, poisoned and trapped the creatures.Over time,because of these human activities,the California grizzly population declined.The last reliable sighting of a California grizzly bear occurred 100 years ago in 1924,and the animals disappeared completely sometime after that.
Researchers wanted to get a better understanding of the factors that accelerated the bears’ extinction.They also hoped to gain more insight into the creatures’ behavior,size and diet.To do so,they turned to documents and California grizzly specimens in natural history collections.They measured the animals’ skulls and teeth and analyzed their bones and pelts.The researchers found that California grizzly bears were much smaller than the 2,000 pounds often reported at the time.Historical accounts might not necessarily have been wrong,but
they might have only included the largest bears.In addition, analyses of the animals’ bones and skins suggest the bears were primarily eating plants,which stands in contrast to their fearsome hyper carnivorous (超级食肉的) reputation.“The bears likely increased meat consumption due to landscape changes coupled with the arrival of livestock,” says study coauthor Alexis Mychajliw. However,researchers found the animals still ate a majority vegetarian diet and killed far less livestock than historical accounts suggested.
By digging beyond the bears’ reputation,the researchers gained a more accurate understanding of the California grizzly’s biology and natural history.And since scientists and land managers often rely on historical accounts when reintroducing animals to their former habitats,the study serves as a reminder that those old newspapers and journals do not tell the whole story.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。研究揭示了一些关于加州灰熊的真相——主要吃素食,比之前描述的要小,因此对该动物的历史纪录有可能是片面的,不完全的。
1.What does the underlined word “roamed” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Disappeared. B.Declined.
C.Fought. D.Wandered.
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下句“But European settlers often hunted...the California grizzly population declined.”可知,但欧洲殖民者经常猎杀、毒死和诱捕这些生物。随着时间的推移,由于这些人类活动,加州灰熊的数量下降了。由此可以推知,加州灰熊曾经数量很多,随处游荡。由此猜测roamed意为“游荡”,与wandered同义,故选D项。
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2.What did the researchers discover about California grizzly bears
A.They mainly fed on livestock.
B.Their diet consisted mostly of plants.
C.They ate a balanced diet of plants and meat.
D.The absence of livestock changed their dietary habit.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In addition...hyper carnivorous (超级食肉的) reputation.”可知,研究发现灰熊主要以植物为食,故选B项。
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3.What can we learn about historical accounts of animals from the last paragraph
A.They are unique. B.They are one-sided.
C.They are accurate. D.They are comprehensive.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句中“the study serves as a reminder...the whole story.”可推知,对动物的历史纪录有可能是片面的,并不完整和准确,故选B项。
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4.What is the text mainly about
A.The natural habitats of California grizzly bears.
B.The extinction process of California grizzly bears.
C.The reveal of the truth of California grizzly bears.
D.The significance of the arrival of California grizzly bears.
解析　文章大意题。通读全文,并结合第一段可知,文章主要揭示了一些关于加州灰熊的真相——主要吃素食,比之前描述的要小,故选C项。
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(2025·“皖南八校”高三联考三)
Drought is an increasing problem in our warming world.All continents have been experiencing more extended periods without rain,leading to forest fires and poor crop growth.Consequently,people are looking at cloud seeding to solve the problem—a method of encouraging precipitation (降水) by sending small particles of certain chemicals into clouds.
Cloud seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its effectiveness.“My earliest experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail (冰雹) in northeast Colorado.We didn’t have any luck with that,but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in Utah.Now,the focus is shifting towards increasing rainfall from summer clouds,which is far more unpredictable,” said he.
The problem is that it’s pretty hard to know whether precipitation resulted directly from cloud seeding.It might have rained or snowed anyway.Even if you practice cloud seeding in one place and don’t in another,it’s impossible to know for sure what caused the precipitation.“As cloud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness uncertain,its usefulness is still a matter of opinion,” says Katja Friedrich,a researcher of University of Colorado.
Additionally,it’s not during foggy and snowy conditions that people think of increasing the chance of rainfall.When a country is hit by drought,then cloud seeding isn’t an option due to the lack of clouds.During drought,skies tend to be clear with few clouds.The best option to prevent drought is to seed at times of the year when rainfall levels are normal or higher.
There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding.At high levels,the chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals,and some studies have found them slightly poisonous.Apart from that,some environmentalists are concerned about the long-term impacts,as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate in the environment over 10 years.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而,人工降雨的效果难以确定,并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题,其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。
5.What is the purpose of cloud seeding
A.To increase grain output.
B.To slow down global warming.
C.To reduce chemicals in the air.
D.To deal with dry and rain-free weather.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Drought...chemicals into clouds.”可知,人工降雨是为了能应对干旱无雨的天气,故选D项。
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6.How is Arlen Huggins’ earliest experience in Paragraph 2
A.It’s effective. B.It’s unsuccessful.
C.It’s satisfying. D.It’s fruitful.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“My earliest experience...We didn’t have any luck with that”可知,Arlen Huggins 最初是想用人工降雨的方法来减少美国科罗拉多州东北部下冰雹的数量,遗憾的是运气不好,即失败了,故选B项。
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7.What is Katja Friedrich’s attitude towards cloud seeding
A.Favourable. B.Opposed.
C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.
解析　观点态度题。根据文章第三段“As cloud seeding...still a matter of opinion”可知,Katja Friedrich认为人工降雨的做法代价高且效果不确定,是有待商榷的,即对其是持怀疑态度的,故选D项。
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8.What can be inferred from the text
A.Drought currently poses the only threat to forests and crops.
B.Rainmaking in any weather will come true in the near future.
C.Researchers now can not tell if rainfall is brought by cloud seeding.
D.Chemicals sent into the clouds will become less poisonous over time.
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The problem is that...what caused the precipitation.”可知,研究人员现在无法判断降雨是否是由人工降雨带来的,故选C项。
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(2025·广州高三调研)
A moment occurs in the exchange between professor and student when each of us adopts a look.My look says,“What,you don’t understand ” Theirs says,“We don’t.And we think you’re making it up.” We are having a problem.Basically,we’ve all read the same story,but we haven’t used the same analytical approaches.It may seem at times as if the professor is inventing interpretations out of thin air.
Actually,the truth is that as the slightly more experienced reader,the professor has acquired over the years the use of a certain “language of reading”.Besides,he has grasped three professional tools—memory,symbol and pattern.These items separate the professional readers from the ordinary ones.
English professors are cursed with memory.When reading a new book,I constantly seek out connections and inferences,recalling faces and themes from past reading.I can’t not do it,although there are plenty of times when that ability is not something I want to exercise. This does not necessarily improve the experience of popular entertainment.
Professors also read and think symbolically.Everything is a symbol of something,it seems,until proven otherwise.We ask:What does the thing over there represent The kind of mind that works its way through undergraduate and then graduate classes in literature and criticism tends to see things as existing in themselves while also representing something else.This tendency to understand the world in symbolic terms is enhanced by years of training and rewards the symbolic imagination.
A related phenomenon in professorial reading is pattern recognition.Most professional students of literature learn to take in the specific detail while seeing the patterns that the detail reveals. Experience has proved to them that life and books fall into similar patterns.Literature is full of patterns,and your reading experience will be much more rewarding when you can step back from the work, even while you are reading it,and look for those patterns.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了教授和学生在阅读文学作品时采用不同的分析方法以及他们理解上的不同。
9.How does the author introduce the topic
A.By describing a real-life scene.
B.By using popular quotes.
C.By presenting conflicting ideas.
D.By raising an interesting question.
解析　写作手法题。本文第一段描述了教授和学生之间交流的实际场景,表明他们因采用不同的分析方法而对文学作品产生不同的理解。故本文通过描述一个真实的课堂情境来引入主题,故选A项。
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10.Why do the students think the professor is making up interpretations
A.They have limited life experience.
B.They lack chances for sufficient reading.
C.They are unable to analyze the text thoroughly.
D.They do not trust the professor’s teaching abilities.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知,当教授询问学生是否明白时,他们表示没有明白,并认为教授是在编造。他们都读过同样的故事,但没有使用相同的分析方法。再结合第二段的内容可知,事实是,教授作为稍有经验的读者,多年来已经学会了使用某种“阅读语言”。此外,教授还掌握了三种专业工具。这些将专业读者与普通读者区分开来。由此可知,学生们无法彻底分析文本,故选C项。
11.What does paragraph 3 say about English professors
A.They have a strong desire to not have their good memory.
B.Their reading habit doesn’t always guarantee desirable effects.
C.Their memory adds to their reading pleasure of popular works.
D.They keep making connections with their own life while reading.
解析　细节理解题。第三段讲在阅读一本新书时,作为英语教授的作者不断寻找联系和推论,回忆过去阅读中的面孔和主题。作者不能不这样做,尽管很多时候作者不想锻炼这种能力。这并不一定会改善大众娱乐的体验。这说明教授们的阅读习惯并不总是能保证有理想的效果,故选B项。
√
12.Which is the author’s suggestion on reading literature
A.Identify the hidden text modes.
B.Perceive many things at the same time.
C.Look for details and language patterns.
D.Memorize patterns of symbolic meanings.
解析　推理判断题。根据题目中的关键词reading literature可将答案定位在最后一段。根据该段的最后一句话可知,文学作品充满了模式,在阅读的时候,寻找这些模式会让你的阅读体验更有意义。由此可推知,作者建议在阅读文学作品时要识别隐藏的文本模式。故选A项。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·重庆高三联考)
The Eyes Are the Prize
We watch our salt and fat intake to protect our hearts.We exercise and take calcium to protect our bones.　1　.But what can we do to protect our eyes We asked experts what lifestyle steps people should be taking to protect their vision and eye health.
·Spring for some quality shades
“It is very important to protect the eyes from UV (紫外线的) light,which has been shown to have a harmful effect on the eyes,” says Esen Akpek,an ophthalmology (眼科学) professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.“　2　.In fact,if the glasses are simply dark but not UV-protected,that’s worse for your eyes.Do buy sunglasses that can block out 99% to 100% UV light.”
·Take a break from screens
While there’s no scientific evidence that the light from electronic screens damages eyes,staring at a screen can leave eyes extremely tired.One of the reasons is that people tend to blink (眨眼睛) less during screen use.　3　.The National Institutes of Health recommends taking a break every 20 minutes to look at something about 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
·　4　
First,smoking is terrible.It isn’t just bad for your lungs;it can harm eyes too.“Smoking causes dry eyes,harms optic (视觉的) nerves and makes eye disease worse,” says Dr.Akpek.　5　.“The more you rub,the more uncomfortable your eyes will get.It can lead to infections.Instead,take medication or use drops for allergies or dry eyes.”
A.Stop smoking
B.This leads to eye dryness
C.Get rid of those bad habits
D.Also,try not to rub your eyes
E.We apply sunscreen to protect our skin
F.Our eyes are far more important than them
G.Dark glasses aren’t necessarily the most protective
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了保护视力和利于眼睛健康的措施。
1.E　[上文谈到我们注意盐和脂肪的摄入量以保护我们的心脏,我们通过锻炼和补充钙来保护我们的骨骼,即上文列举了人们对身体的保护措施。同时根据下文谈到的“But what can we do to protect our eyes ”(但我们能做些什么来保护我们的眼睛呢 )可知,本空应该继续列举人们对身体某个部位的保护措施,故E项“我们使用防晒霜来保护皮肤”符合语境。]
2.G　[下文In fact后的内容说到“如果眼镜只是深色的,但不防紫外线,那对你的眼睛来说会更糟。一定要买可以挡住99%到100%紫外线的太阳镜”。故可知不防紫外线的深色墨镜不具有保护作用,G项“墨镜不一定最具有保护作用”符合语境。]
3.B　[上文谈到其中一个原因是人们在使用屏幕期间眨眼的次数更少。由此可知此处会说明使用屏幕期间眨眼次数更少对眼睛的危害,B项“这会导致眼睛干燥”符合题意。]
4.C　[本空是标题句。根据上文标题的结构可知应从A、C项中选择;下文的内容“吸烟是可怕的,它不仅对你的肺部有害,而且也会伤害眼睛。”可知,此处主要建议要改掉抽烟这样的坏习惯。接下来,文中又指出了第二个坏习惯——揉眼睛。故C项“改掉那些坏习惯”符合语境。]
5.D　[根据下文的“The more you rub,the more uncomfortable your eyes will get.It can lead to infections.”(揉得越多,眼睛就越不舒服。它可能导致感染。)可知,此处指出了第二个坏习惯——揉眼睛。故D项“另外,尽量不要揉你的眼睛”符合语境。D项的“rub your eyes”和原文中的“The more you rub”存在原词重复。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:extinct adj.灭绝的;previously adv.以前;reliable adj.可靠的;Para.2:accelerate v.加速;primarily adv.主要地;
reputation n.声誉;Para.3:accurate adj.准确的
B Para.1:drought n.干旱;Para.2:effectiveness n.效果;
Para.5:environmental adj.环境的;chemical n.化学物质;
poisonous adj.有毒的
熟词生义 A Para.1:poison　熟义:n.毒药;生义:v.毒害;
Para.2:couple　熟义:n.一对,一双,几个;生义:v.连接;结合
B Para.4:hit　熟义:v.打击;生义:vt.产生不良影响;危害
词块积累 A Para.1:at any time随时;Para.2:in addition另外;far less远少于;Para.3:rely on依赖于;serve as充当
B Para.1:lead to导致;Para.4:tend to倾向于;
Para.5:environmental issues环境问题;apart from除了
长 难 句 式 A Para.2:In addition,analyses of the animals’bones and skins suggest the bears were primarily eating plants,which stands in contrast to their fearsome hyper carnivorous reputation.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。从句the bears were primarily eating plants在句中作动词suggest的宾语;非限制性定语从句which stands in contrast to their fearsome hyper carnivorous reputation修饰整个主句。
[译文]　此外,对这些动物骨骼和皮肤的分析表明,这些熊主要是以植物为食,这与它们可怕的超级食肉动物的名声形成了鲜明对比。
长 难 句 式 B Para.5:Apart from that,some environmentalists are concerned about the long-term impacts,as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate in the environment over 10 years.
[分析]　这是一个复合句。从属连词as引导原因状语从句;how much引导从句作介词on的宾语。
[译文]　除此之外,一些环境学家担心长期影响,因为没有数据表明10年内那些化学物质在环境中积累了多少。

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