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必修第三册　UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.sufficient adj.　　 足够的,充足的
2.data n. 数据,资料,材料
3.evolution n. 进化;演变,发展
4.bomb n. 炸弹;核武器
vt. 轰炸
5.extract n. 提取物;选录
vt. 提取;选录;取出;设法得到
6.trial n. 试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验
vi.& vt. 测试,试验
7.mystery n. 神秘,神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品
8.metal n. 金属
9.authority n. 权威,权力;官方
10.error n. 错误,差错
11.evil n. 罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处
adj. 恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的
12.herb n. 药草,香草;草本
13.republic n. 共和国,共和政体
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.deadly diseases　　　　　 致命的疾病
2.Jiangsu Province 江苏省
3.postpone leaving for Shanghai 推迟去上海
4.conduct an experiment 进行实验
5.apply theory to practice 将理论应用于实践
6.thunderstorm and lightning 电闪雷鸣
7.be involved in the activity 参与到这项活动中
8.declare the sports meet open 宣布运动会开幕
9.publish a number of books 出版一系列书籍
10.a wide range of household appliances各种各样的家用电器
11.free of charge 免费
12.a credit card 信用卡
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.broad adj.　　 广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的
broadly adv. 大体上;开心(笑)
broaden vt. 变宽;变阔
2.intend vi.& vt. 想要,计划;意指
intended adj. 打算的;计划的;为……打算(或设计)的
intention n. 目的;意图;打算
3.limited adj. 有限的
limit n.& vt. 限制
limitation n. 限制;局限
4.container n. 容器;集装箱,货柜
contain vt. 包含
5.wisdom n. 智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智
wise adj. 明智的;聪明的;充满智慧的
wisely adv. 明智地;聪明地;精明地
6.beneficial adj. 有益的,有用的
benefit n. 益处
vt. 对(某人)有用;使受益
vi. 得益于
7.illustrate vt. 说明,解释;加插图于
illustration n. 图解;图示
8.surround vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境
9.indicate vt. 表明;暗示;提及;指出
indication n. 表明;显示
10.accident n. 意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇
accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的
accidentally adj. 意外地;偶然地
11.intelligent adj. 有才智的;聪明的;有智力的
intelligence n. 才智
12.favour vt. 较喜欢;偏袒;有助于
n. 帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
favourable adj. 赞同的;支持的;有利的
favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的
n. 特别喜爱的人(或事物)
13.politician n. 政治家,从政者;投机钻营者
politics n. 政治(学)
political adj. 政治的
14.scientific adj. 科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的
science n. 科学
scientist n. 科学家
15.moral adj. 道德的;道义上的;品行端正的
n. 品行,道德;寓意,教益
immoral adj. 不道德的
16.apply vt.& vi. 应用;申请;涂;有关
applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请;申请书;应用
17.ignorance n. 无知
ignore vt. 忽视;不予理睬
ignorant adj. 不了解的,无知的;很无礼的
18.freedom n. 自由
free adj. 自由的;不收费的
freely adv. 自由地
19.permit vt.& vi. 允许,准许,许可;使有可能
n. 许可证
permission n. 准许;许可
20.responsibility n. 责任,负责;职责,义务
responsible adj. 负责的
21.nationality n. 国籍;民族
nation n. 国家;民族
national adj. 国家的;全国的;民族的
22.marriage n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态
marry vt.& vi. 结婚
23.electric adj. 电的,发电的,电动的
electrical adj. 电的;用电的
electricity n. 电,电能
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.make a difference　　 有影响,起作用
2.with great interest 怀着极大的兴趣
3.put another way 换句话说
4.take it for granted 想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
5.speed up (使)加速
6.by accident 偶然,意外地
7.refer to 查阅,参考;提到,谈及
8.work out 计算出;理解;锻炼
9.far from 远非,几乎相反
10.let sb down 使某人失望
11.as to 至于
12.put forward 提出,提议,建议
13.get a taste of 尝一尝,体味……
14.give a lecture on 做……的讲座
15.pay off 成功,奏效,达到目的
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history. [the first+(n.)+不定式短语作定语]
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
2.She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. (现在分词短语作状语)
她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造,获得了广泛的中西医知识。
3.Inspired by an over 1,600 year old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water,Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. (过去分词短语作状语)
据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。
4.However,it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments. (强调句型)
然而,直到20世纪70年代,屠呦呦经过多次失败的实验,才成功地发现了青蒿素。
5.Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine,Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. (without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件)
如果她没有丰富的中西医知识,屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。
6.The most popular experiment was“Planets in a bottle”, in which students tried to create the conditions of different planets inside glass bottles. (非限制性定语从句)
最受欢迎的实验是“瓶子里的行星”,学生们试图在玻璃瓶子里创建不同行星的状况。
词汇横拓串记
后缀 ial形容词荟萃 盘点与“婚姻”有关的高频词 盘点动词+up短语
①benefit→beneficial有益的 ②face→facial面部的 ③industry→industrial工业的 ④finance→financial金融的 ⑤race→racial种族的 ⑥commerce→commercial商业的 ①marry v.结婚 ②marriage n.婚姻 ③divorce n.& vi.离婚 ④wedding n.婚礼 ⑤bridegroom n.新郎 ⑥bride n.新娘 ①speed up (使)加速 ②hold up支撑;耽搁 ③make up组成;构成 ④pick up拾起,捡起 ⑤break up分手;(使)分裂 ⑥go up上涨,上升
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.extract the metal substance 提取金属物质
2.through trial and error 通过反复试验
3.have sufficient safety data 有足够的安全数据
4.set off the bomb 引爆炸弹
5.read mystery novels 阅读悬疑小说
6.a tsunami warning issued by the authority 当局发布的海啸预警
7.evolution of species 物种的演变
8.Chinese medicinal herb 中草药
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.involve vt.　　 包含;需要;牵涉;影响;涉及;(使)参加(卷入)……
2.declare vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
3.thunderstorm n. 雷雨,雷暴
4.province n. 省,省份
5.deadly adj. 致命的;十足的,彻底的
6.credit n. 赞扬,认可;信用
vt. 存入金额;把……归于
7.household adj. 家庭的,家用的,家务的
n. 一家人,家庭
8.charge vt.& vi. 充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满
n. 收费;控告;谴责;掌管
9.postpone vt. 延迟,延期
10.theory n. 学说,论;原理;看法,意见
11.conduct vt.& vi. 组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止
12.publish vt. 出版,发行;发表;公布
13.experiment n. 实验,试验;尝试,实践
vi. 做试验,进行实验;尝试
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.intend vi.& vt.　　 想要,计划;意指
intended adj. 打算的;计划的;为……打算(或设计)的
intention n. 目的;意图;打算
2.broad adj. 广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的
broadly adv. 大体上;开心(笑)
broaden vt. 变宽;变阔
3.benefit n. 益处
vt. 对(某人)有用;使受益
vi. 得益于
beneficial adj. 有益的,有用的
4.surround vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境
5.marry vt.& vi. 结婚
marriage n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态
6.intelligent adj. 有才智的;聪明的;有智力的
intelligence n. 才智
7.permit vt.& vi. 允许,准许,许可;使有可能
n. 许可证
permission n. 准许;许可
8.politics n. 政治(学)
political adj. 政治的
politician n. 政治家,从政者;投机钻营者
9.electric adj. 电的,发电的,电动的
electrical adj. 电的;用电的
electricity n. 电,电能
10.apply vt.& vi. 应用;申请;涂;有关
applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请;申请书;应用
11.science n. 科学
scientist n. 科学家
scientific adj. 科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的
12.responsible adj. 负责的
responsibility n. 责任,负责;职责,义务
13.nation n. 国家;民族
national adj. 国家的;全国的;民族的
nationality n. 国籍;民族
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.make a difference　　 有影响,起作用
2.with great interest 怀着极大的兴趣
3.put another way 换句话说
4.take it for granted 想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
5.refer to 查阅,参考;提到,谈及
6.work out 计算出;理解;锻炼
7.speed up (使)加速
8.pay off 成功,奏效,达到目的
9.by accident 偶然,意外地
10.let sb down 使某人失望
11.put forward 提出,提议,建议
12.get a taste of 尝一尝,体味……
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:强调句型
It wasn’t until that moment that I realized I was so desperate for the prize to prove myself.
直到那一刻,我才意识到我非常渴望用这个奖项来证明自己。
2.句型公式:the first+(n.)+不定式短语作定语
Most importantly, the elderly are the first to taste the delicious food because they are well respected in China. (传统文化)
最重要的是,老人是首先品尝美食的,因为在中国老人很受尊重。
3.句型公式:过去分词短语作状语
Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.
在夏天长时间暴露在阳光下,你会被晒伤。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.On August 5,our headmaster declared the sports meet open.
2.To her delight,her first love story was published and distributed by a press,and her work appealed to thousands of readers.
3.To their credit,the four countries do work together in some aspects and have a good relationship with each other.
4.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
5.Owing to the bad weather,we decided to postpone leaving.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.We’ll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions. (responsible)
2.Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose.Many people dream of having British nationality. (nation)
3.His experience in the college not only gave him broad knowledge but also broadened his horizons. (broad)
4.Eventually,my friend Tom married his girlfriend Jane and many of us envied their happy marriage. (marry)
5.It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread across the world,which also encourages more scientists to devote themselves to their careers. (science)
6.Surrounded by the forest,the village has beautiful surroundings,which attract many visitors from surrounding areas. (surround)
Ⅲ.短语填空
speed up　pay off　put forward　refer to by accident take it for granted
1.The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
2.She arrived just as we were leaving,but I’m not sure whether this was by accident or by design.
3.If we speed up our work,we can finish it before 6 p.m.
4.As for the problem you put forward in your last letter,I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an e dictionary.
5.I take it for granted that he is a native Italian because he speaks Italian so well.
6.Finally,my hard work paid off—we were awarded an A,which gave me great satisfaction.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once upon a time,there was a man who 1.was admired (admire) by most people for his great scientific achievements.Since he was young,he had been interested in traditional Chinese medicine,2.intending (intend) to be a famous doctor.But because of poverty,he dropped out of school.He didn’t give up though.He continued to learn by himself.
Once some people in his village developed a deadly disease.To cure them,he 3.referred (refer) to many books and eventually some herbs saved them.Their 4.survival (survive) encouraged him so greatly that he began to do more scientific experiments,exploring a 5.broader (broad) world.At that time equipment was so limited that he couldn’t get sufficient data,6.but he overcame these difficulties.A few years later,his efforts paid 7.off!He wrote a nicely illustrated book and had it 8.published (publish).He also gave lectures in different provinces,encouraging others to further explore 9.the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine,which can be 10.beneficial (benefit) to global health care.
1.intend vt. & vi.打算;想要;计划;意指→intended adj.打算的;计划的;为……打算(或设计)的→intention n.目的;意图;打算
佳句背诵　
We will hold events in the local community which intends to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. (邀请信)
我们将在当地社区举办活动,旨在提高人们的环保意识。
intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
be intended/designed to do sth 为了做……打算(或设计)的
be intended/designed for... 专门为……准备/打算(表示目的)
with the intention/aim of 抱有……的目的;打算……
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone. (2023·全国甲卷)
②Many columns of the English newspaper Youth are specially intended/designed for senior high school students with the intention/aim of enriching our boring campus life. (短文投稿,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
英文报Youth中的许多专栏是专门为高中生设计的,旨在丰富我们单调的校园生活。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Knowing that you intend to divide students into groups of two at random for the purpose of practicing oral English, I’d like to express my opinions about it. (建议信,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
得知你打算把学生随机分成两组来练习英语口语,我想表达一下我的看法。
2.surround vt.围绕;环绕;包围;与……紧密相关;喜欢结交……;喜欢身边总有……→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n.环境
佳句背诵　
In the competition,all the teams were playing at their best in high spirits, surrounded with all the rest of the students,who were watching excitedly. (场景描写)
在这场比赛中,所有队伍都精神饱满地发挥出了最佳水平,周围都是兴奋地观看比赛的其他学生。
surround...with... 用……包围……
surround oneself with... 喜欢结交……;喜欢身边总有……
be surrounded with/by 被……包围
以练促学　单句写作
①It is wise for you to surround yourself with people who have a high level of self discipline. (建议信)
对你来说,结交一些高度自律的人是明智的。
教考衔接　单句语法填空/单句写作
②In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City,surrounded (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. (2023·浙江1月卷)
③When I realized that I was the winner of Gold medal, surprise and unbelief surrounded me. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
当我意识到我是金牌的赢家时,我既惊讶又难以置信。
3.favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒→favourable adj.赞同的,支持的;
有利的;优惠的→favourite n.特别喜爱的人(或事物) adj.特别受喜爱的
佳句背诵　
I am wondering if/whether you can do me a favour/do a favour for me to give some advice on how to give an English speech. (求助信)
我想知道你能否帮一个忙,给我一些如何作英语演讲的建议。
favour (doing) sth 较喜欢某事/做某事
do a favour for sb=do sb a favour 帮助某人一个忙
ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙
in favour of 支持;赞同;有利于
以练促学　词汇升级/单句写作
①I was wondering if you could help me by guiding us to revise a short play. do a favour for me/do me a favour
②He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren’t in favour of his opinion. (情绪描写)
当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时,他勃然大怒。
教考衔接　单句写作
③It turns out that students favour the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning. (短文投稿,2022·全国乙卷)
事实证明,在谈及英语学习方面,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。
4.charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管;
充电量
佳句背诵　
I am Li Hua, in charge of “Talk and Talk”,an English program from the Campus Broadcasting Station. (邀请信,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我是李华,负责校园广播电台的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。
charge sb for sth 为某事向某人收取(……)费用
charge sb with (doing) sth 因(做)某事控告某人
take charge of/in charge of 掌管/负责……
free of charge=for free 免费
[点拨]　in charge of多以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。类似用法的还有:in possession of/in the possession of;in control of/in the control of等。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①We have enough evidence and confidence to charge you with abuse of power.
②Learning that the shop owner charged me nothing for the present,I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me. (情绪描写)
得知店主没有收我买礼物的钱,我感到一股温暖和感激之情涌上心头。
③Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free.
上周我们就市民是否可以免费进入科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。
教考衔接　单句写作
④I will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting designed to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners. (求助信,2021·全国甲卷)
我将负责一个主题班会,旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。
片段巩固 用intend;surround;favour;charge完成“森林探索迷路”的片段
写作提示:本打算待在家里→朋友邀请我探索森林→走到森林深处→发现被树木和灌木丛包围→迷路→恐慌→老人出现→出于安全,老人带我们到达出口→老人向我们收取少量钱→感到惊讶,但仍然感激
　　Yesterday,I had intended to stay at home watching TV, but my friend invited me to explore the forest at the back of my house. As we walked deeper, we found ourselves surrounded by tall trees and thick bushes. We were lost and started to panic. Just then, a kind old man appeared. He showed us the way out in favour of our safety. However, when we reached the exit, he charged us a small amount of money for his help. We were a little surprised but still grateful.
5.involve vt.包含;需要;牵涉;影响;(使)参加,加入→involved adj.有关联;参与;复杂难解的;
专心于……的→involvement n.参与;牵连
佳句背诵　
I am more than delighted to involve myself in the upcoming Chinese Workshop,which aims to promote cultural exchange between China and the UK. (活动介绍,2023·天津6月卷)
我非常高兴能参加即将举办的旨在促进中英文化交流的中国工坊。
involve sb in (doing) sth
使某人参与(做)某事;使某人卷入(做)某事
involve doing... 包括/需要做……
be/get involved in 参与;卷入;专注于……
以练促学　词汇升级/单句写作
①On hearing that, we were extremely excited and couldn’t resist the desire to take part in it. be/get involved in
②Everyone who is interested can sign up for it and we are looking forward to your active involvement. (通知)
每个感兴趣的人都可以报名参加,我们期待着您的积极参与。
教考衔接　单句写作
③This simple routine involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths. (活动介绍,2024·浙江1月卷)
这个简单的日常活动包括从你的桌子前站起来,伸展你的手臂、腿和背部,以及做几次深呼吸。
6.permit vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证,特许证(尤指限期的)→permission
n.准许;许可
佳句背诵　
No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission. (通知)
任何人未经允许禁止对博物馆里的展品拍照。
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
permit (doing) sth 允许(做)某事
ask sb for permission=ask permission from sb 请求某人许可
with/without (one’s) permission 得到/未经(某人的)允许
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I was very happy and very excited to go there but I needed to ask permission (permit) from my parents.
②Weather permitting,a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature. (独立主格结构,通知)
如果天气允许,我们将举办冬日远足活动,让我们接近大自然。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③Citizens of higher social classes were permitted (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). (2023·浙江1月卷)
7.refer to指的是;提到;谈及;参考;查阅
佳句背诵　
If you meet with the characters you don’t know,I strongly suggest that you (should) refer to reference books or turn to others for help. (建议信)
如果你遇到了不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。
refer to...as... 把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……
reference n. 提及;参考;查阅;介绍信
in/with reference to 关于
以练促学　单句语法填空
①First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super”, referring to a 52.4 mile double marathon. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②We refer to him as a genius because he always wins the first prize in various contests.
教考衔接　单句写作
③I am writing to ask for your advice in/with reference to what kinds of Chinese traditional culture appeal to foreigners most. (求助信,2021·全国甲卷)
我写信寻求您关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
8.put forward提议,提出,建议;推荐;将……提前;拨快(钟表)
佳句背诵　
Our government has put forward “The Belt and Road Initiative”,which encourages cooperation between China and other countries.
我们的政府提出了“一带一路”倡议,鼓励中国与其他国家之间的合作。
put aside 把……放到一边;储存
put off 推迟;延期
put away 把……收拾好;整理;储蓄
put on 穿上;上演;增加
put up 搭建;张贴;举起;为……提供住宿
put down 放下;写下;镇压
put up with 忍受;容忍
以练促学　用put短语填空
①To make space in the bedroom,she put away her winter clothes and took them to the storeroom.
②I can’t make sense of the theory put forward by a famous scholar.Do me a favour to explain it,please.
③As long as we put aside our cellphones and get down to spending time with our family,we will never let our family down.
教考衔接　用put短语填空
④We will put off the picnic until next week,when the weather may be better. (通知)
⑤It is a tradition for the Chinese people to put up Spring Festival couplets either on the doors or walls in the Spring Festival. (节日介绍)
片段巩固 用involve;permit;refer to;put forward完成“组织志愿活动”的片段
写作提示:包括帮助社区老人→老师允许周末进行→出发前参考成功案例→班长提出详细时间表→人人都准备好出发
　　This week, our class has decided to organize a volunteer activity.It involves helping the elderly in the community. Our teacher permits us to do it on weekends. Before starting, we should refer to some successful cases to make a better plan. Finally, our monitor has put forward a detailed schedule and everyone is ready to go.
句型公式:强调句型
课本原句:However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments.
然而,直到20世纪70年代,屠呦呦经过多次失败的实验,才成功地发现了青蒿素。
佳句背诵　
It was not until he finished his work that he realized how tired he was.
直到工作结束,他才意识到自己有多累。
(1)强调句型的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who...
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that...
(4)not until的强调句型:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that...
以练促学　句式升级
①I didn’t realize a small act of care can melt people’s loneliness until I experienced the event. (主旨升华)
→Not until I experienced the event did I realize a small act of care can melt people’s loneliness. (倒装)
→It was not until I experienced the event that I realized a small act of care can melt people’s loneliness. (强调句型)
教考衔接　单句写作
②It is my considerate teacher who inspires me to face my fear bravely and positively. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
是我体贴的老师激励我勇敢而积极地面对我的恐惧。
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other,more annoying situations.
(2023·全国甲卷) vt.应用
2.There are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of advice. n.寓意,教益
3.As an examiner,she showed no favour to any candidate. n.偏袒,偏爱
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.credit n.赞扬,认可;信用;学分vt.存入金额;把……归于;认为……有(良好的品质或特点)
①She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.From the age of six,Terri,now 26,accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.(2023·全国甲卷) vt.把……归于
②Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. n.赞扬,认可
③The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits,you may rent a locker. n.学分
④When I checked out,I couldn’t find my credit card. n.信用
2.charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;掌管
①A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full time education.(2022·全国乙卷) n.收费
②He took charge of the farm after his father’s death. n.掌管
③He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later. n.控告
④The shaver can be charged and used while travelling. vt.充电
⑤There are plenty of other benefits,too:it doesn’t charge city tax.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) vt.收费
3.refer to查阅,参考;提到,谈及;指的是
①What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to 指的是
②If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word,you may refer to the dictionary. 查阅,参考
③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again. 提到,谈及
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited (limit) time. (2023·全国乙卷)
2.Illegal hunting is threatening the survival (survive) of the species.
3.Surrounded (surround)by green trees,the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
4.Thirdly,I wonder how much you will charge us for the six week course.
5.Male family members are recommended to get more involved (involve) in educating children.
6.To pronounce well,I suggest that you should put aside 10 minutes to read after the listening material every day.
7.In a good marriage (marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.
8.By performing appropriate measures,we have created a favourable (favor) learning environment.
9.In 1939,Britain declared war on/against Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
10.There are millions of people in our country who are addicted to smoking (smoke), which is extremely dangerous to public health.
11.There is a great deal of evidence indicating (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
12.Since the new rules began to work,we students have been permitted to have (have) one hour for exercise every day.
维度三　完成句子
1.Without setbacks, our life would not be filled with wonderful stories.
如果没有挫折,我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。
2.You should form a good habit of learning,which can help you speed up to achieve your goal.
你应该养成良好的学习习惯,这可以帮助你加速实现目标。
3.Although it was far from delightful, everything will go well as long as you take action.
尽管这绝非让人高兴,但只要你采取行动,一切都会好起来的。
4.I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance,whatever difficulties might arise.
我尝到了胜利的滋味,学会了无论遇到什么困难,都要坚持不懈地追求梦想。
5.An expert paramedic will be invited to give a lecture on how to conduct first aid when emergencies happen.
将邀请一位专业的急救医生讲授如何在紧急情况发生时实施急救。
6.As to requirements, the theme should be related to traditional Chinese culture.
至于要求,主题应与中国传统文化相关。
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(报道——科学节)
假定你是李华,近日你校举办了以“科学之美(The Beauty of Science)”为主题的首届校园科学节。请你给校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.举办时间;2.活动内容;3.师生反响。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①为了提高学生的科学意识,以“科学之美”为主题的科学节于上周在我校举行。 (intend)
Intended to raise students’ awareness of science,the science festival with the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched/held in our school last week.
②一位专家被邀请教我们如何制作机器人,之后学生们参与了丰富多彩的活动,比如编程机器人和设计机器人。 (involve,“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
An expert was invited to teach us how to make robots, after which the students involved themselves in the colourful activities,such as programming robots and designing robots.
③至于其他活动,在不同的时间安排了有关先进技术的科学知识测验和讲座。 (as to)
As to other activities,scientific knowledge quizzes and lectures about advanced technologies were arranged at different time.
④在这个节日上,我们还在现场欣赏了各种各样的装置,这些装置对我们的日常生活有很大的好处。 (benefit,非限制性定语从句)
At this festival,we also appreciated various devices on the spot, which are of great benefit to our daily life.
⑤最令人印象深刻的是这个节日让我们学生意识到追求科学是没有极限的。(what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句,there is no limit to...)
What was most impressive was that the festival made us students realize there is no limit to pursuing science.
⑥这个节日不仅激励我们投身于科学,也提高了我们的创新意识。 (apply,部分倒装)
Not only did the festival motivate us to apply ourselves to science but it also raised our awareness of innovation.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Intended to raise students’ awareness of science,the science festival with the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched/held in our school last week.
At the beginning,an expert was invited to teach us how to make robots,after which the students involved themselves in the colourful activities,such as programming robots and designing robots.As to other activities,scientific knowledge quizzes and lectures about advanced technologies were arranged at different time.At this festival,we also appreciated various devices on the spot,which are of great benefit to our daily life.What was most impressive was that the festival made us students realize there is no limit to pursuing science.
In conclusion,not only did the festival motivate us to apply ourselves to science but it also raised our awareness of innovation.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
1.语料积累
单 词 particularly adv.　　　　　 特别 achieve v. 实现 strengthen v. 增强 astronaut n. 宇航员 science n. 科学 mathematics n. 数学 space n. 太空
词 块 focus on　　　　　　　　　 专注于 the astronomy club 天文学俱乐部 develop one’s interest 培养某人的兴趣 participate in 参加 various science competitions 各种科学竞赛 apply to 申请 aerospace engineering 航空航天工程 space exploration 太空探索 academic excellence 学术卓越 physical fitness 身体健康 maintain a strict fitness plan 保持严格的健身计划
靓 句 1.Ever since I was a child,I have dreamed of becoming an astronaut. 自我还是个孩子时,我就梦想成为一名宇航员。 2.My journey is challenging,but my passion for space makes every effort worthwhile. 我的旅程充满挑战,但我对太空的热情使得每一份努力都是值得的。
2.场景片段训练(为了成为宇航员,我一直在努力……)
Ever since I was a child,①I have dreamed of becoming an astronaut (我梦想成为一名宇航员).To achieve this,I focused intensely on my studies,particularly in science and mathematics.In high school,I joined the astronomy club,which ②allowed me to learn more about space (让我能够更多地了解太空) and develop my interest further.I also ③participated in various science competitions (参加各种科学竞赛) to strengthen my problem solving skills.After graduation,I plan to ④apply to a university (申请一所大学) that offers aerospace engineering to ⑤gain the knowledge needed for space exploration (获取进行太空探索所需的知识).⑥Becoming an astronaut (成为宇航员) requires not only academic excellence but also physical fitness,so I ⑦maintain a strict fitness plan (保持严格的健身计划).My journey ⑧is challenging (充满挑战),but my passion for space makes every effort worthwhile.
　　(2023·全国甲卷阅读B)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do it yourself).Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.From the age of six,Terri,now 26,accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with.But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago,I was heavily involved (参与),painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.It took weeks and it was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri,who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth,South West London,says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end.She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures.So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks,new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long,warm summer days to get jobs done.The average spend per project will be around ￡823.Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home.A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby,the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了DIY高手泰瑞·博尔顿的技能是如何练就的,以及这些技能为她的生活带来的正面影响。
24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A.An artist. B.A winner.
C.A specialist. D.A pioneer.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据第一段的第二句可知,泰瑞·博尔顿擅长搭架子和拼装家具,她自己能做的工作从不付钱让别人做。据此可知,她是自己动手方面的专家,故画线部分意为“专家”,故选C项。]
25.Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day
A.For a birthday gift.
B.As a treat for her work.
C.To support her DIY projects.
D.To encourage her to take up a hobby.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.”可知,一天的工作使她得到五镑零用钱的奖励。据此可知,她祖父每天给她零钱是为了奖励她一天的工作,故选B项。]
26.How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A.By making it look like before.
B.By furnishing it herself.
C.By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D.By cancelling the rental agreement.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段泰瑞·博尔顿所说的话“I’ve moved house many times...I’ve moved out.”可知,她通过使房子看起来和入住时一样来避免被扣除押金,故选A项。]
27.What trend in DIY does the research show
A.It is becoming more costly.
B.It is getting more time consuming.
C.It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D.It is gaining popularity among females.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的尾句可知,尽管DIY传统上被认为是男性的爱好,但研究表明,现在是女性在主导这一潮流。据此可推知,DIY当前深受女性欢迎,故选D项。]
思维建模
记叙文之解题3技巧
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:furniture n.家具;Para.2:accompany v.陪伴;Para.3:rent v.租赁;deposit n.押金;charge n.费用 Para.2:credit to归功于;backbreaking work繁重的工作; proud of为……感到自豪;Para.3:come to an end到期; move out搬出去;Para.4:make the most of充分利用
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago,I was heavily involved,painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为主谓状结构;when引导时间状语从句;现在分词短语painting...and putting...作伴随状语。 [尝试翻译]　但大约八年前,当德里克建造我们家房子时,我参与了很多,粉刷房间并铺设整个房子的地板。 [语言赏析]　这句话运用了复合句的结构和并列的非谓语短语,有效地表达了作者在房屋建造过程中深度参与的经历,展示了作者在实际劳动中的成就感。句子的逻辑清晰、结构简洁,展现了简练却富有表现力的写作风格。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·济南高三模拟)
A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence,enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans.Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem solving strategy,involving a trial and error approach,which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use.To examine it,Brandon Turner,a psychology professor at The Ohio State University,and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study,the pigeons were presented with various visual images,including lines of different widths and angles,and different types of rings.The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.If they got it correct,they received food;if they were wrong,they received nothing.Results showed that,through trial and error,the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks,increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning,which is linking two phenomena with each other.For example,it is easy to understand the link between “water” and “wet”.“Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Tumer said.But that’s exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use:associative learning and error correction.And,like the pigeons,the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers.For humans,the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the tasks easier.But in this case,there were no rules,which upsets humans.
“What’s interesting,though,is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans,” Turner said.“We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence;at the same time,we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科学发现表明,鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些复杂的问题。
1.What is the purpose of the new study
A.To test a theory.
B.To evaluate a model.
C.To employ a strategy.
D.To involve an approach.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem solving strategy...To examine it,Brandon Turner...and his colleagues conducted the new study.”可知,Brandon Turner和他的同事之所以展开新的研究,是为了验证之前研究提出的理论,故选A项。]
2.What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment
A.Draw circles. B.Correct errors.
C.Copy gestures. D.Identify images.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The pigeons had to peck(啄)a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.”可知,科学家们希望鸽子可以按动左右按钮来确认图像所属的类别,也就是说,科学家希望鸽子能够识别图像,故选D项。]
3.What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study
A.They are of equal intelligence.
B.They are good at making rules.
C.They respond rapidly to orders from humans.
D.They employ simple ways to get things done.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use”可知,研究人员的人工智能模型也使用了鸽子使用的简单的方法来处理相同的任务,这是二者的共同之处,故选D项。]
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Pigeons’ trial and error method is revealed
B.Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks
C.“Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI
D.AI models after pigeons’ learning approach
答案　C　[标题归纳题。根据本文第一段中的“A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence”和最后一段中的“We celebrate how smart we are...we regard pigeons as not clever animals”可知,本文首尾呼应,都讲到了原本被认为不怎么聪明的鸽子可以像人工智能一样去解决问题,故选C项。]
(2025·湖北十校第一次联考)
Many robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them,but optical (光学的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view.Now a new low cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form—and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.
University of California,San Diego,roboticist Wang Xiaolong and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.
The researchers attached 16 contact sensors,each costing about $12,to the palm and fingers of a four fingered robot hand.These sensors simply indicate whether an object is touching the hand or not.“While one sensor doesn’t catch much,a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says.In this case,the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.
They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects,including balls and other irregular objects.Using information from each sensor,the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.
Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand,which successfully controlled previously unfamiliar objects such as apples,tomatoes,soup cans and rubber ducks.Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple.However,New York University’s Lerrel Pinto,who studies robots’ interactions,wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks.
So in future work,Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers.“This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object’s shape,” Wang says.The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家王小龙和他的团队通过模拟实验,探索仅用简单的触摸数据,机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。这项新的低成本技术可以让机械手“感觉”不熟悉物体的形状,并仅根据简单信息就能熟练地完成复杂任务。
5.What was the intention of the research conducted by Wang Xiaolong’s group
A.To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors.
B.To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects.
C.To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions.
D.To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“wanted to find out whether...simple touch data”可知,王小龙和他的团队想弄清,仅用简单的触摸数据,机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。]
6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The working principle of the robot hand in Wang’s research.
B.The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand.
C.The way that the robot hand captured different objects.
D.The function of the robot hand in Wang’s research.
答案　A　[段落大意题。第三段主要讲研究人员将16个接触式传感器安装在四指机械手的手掌和手指上。这些传感器只显示一个物体是否接触到手。在这种情况下,机器人的任务是旋转放在它手掌中的物品。由此可知,第三段主要介绍了王小龙研究中机械手的工作原理。]
7.How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand’s training
A.They used real world objects.
B.They used complex optical sensors.
C.They relied on vision based technology.
D.They conducted simulations with the robot hand.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,研究人员首先进行模拟,在虚拟机械手练习旋转包括球和其他不规则物体的物体时,收集足够的触摸数据。利用来自每个传感器的信息,该团队建立了一个计算机模型,该模型可以在处理过程的每一步确定物体的位置,并使手指平稳地旋转物体。]
8.What is Wang Xiaolong’s attitude towards Pinto’s concern over the system
A.Doubtful. B.Positive.
C.Unclear. D.Dismissive.
答案　B　[观点态度题。倒数第二段最后一句讲Pinto怀疑该系统是否会在更复杂的任务中失败。最后一段讲王小龙的团队的目标是解决更复杂的动作,并在手指侧面等地方添加传感器,他说这意味着通过触摸会获得更准确的信息,从而可以重建更精确的物体形状。由此可知,对于Pinto对他们研究现状的担忧,王小龙和他的团队是以积极的态度去应对。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湛江高三模拟)
As an assistant manager at a restaurant,I encountered a heart warming experience.One day,a father and his young son 　1　 the restaurant and spent a very long time looking through the menu.　2　,the father came up and started asking me about 　3　 because his son was allergic (过敏的)to some food.
At some point,the boy,who was probably six or seven,　4　 me a laminated (覆膜的) card that listed all his allergens.They were a lot.It was 　5　 for me to remember them,and I didn’t know what the seasoning mixtures were,so I asked to borrow the 　6　 so I could go check.He 　7　,and off I went.
It 　8　 that many of our seasoning and sauces contained allergens for the boy.After much effort,I found a 　9　 option for him and took extra precautions due to his meat allergy.The father was grateful and explained they had 　10　 to find suitable dining options.This 　11　 the beginning of a special connection,as they became 　12　 customers,visiting at least once a week.
The positive 　13　 I received was a heartening reminder that through genuine care and understanding,we can make a 　14　.It reinforces my commitment to ensure that each guest’s experience is memorable and that they can 　15　 their unique needs.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一家餐厅的助理经理,为食物过敏的小男孩定制菜品的暖心故事。
1.A.entered B.denied
C.noticed D.checked
答案　A　[句意:一天,一位父亲和他的小儿子走进餐厅,花了很长时间浏览菜单。enter进入;deny否认;notice注意;check检查。根据下文“spent a very long time looking through the menu”可知,应是一位父亲和他的儿子先进入餐厅,然后浏览菜单,故选A项。]
2.A.Formally B.Gradually
C.Immediately D.Eventually
答案　D　[句意:最后,这位父亲走了过来,开始问我有关食物材料的问题,因为他的儿子对一些食物过敏。formally正常地;gradually逐渐地;immediately立即;eventually最后。根据上文“spent a very long time looking through the menu”可知,这位父亲花了很长时间浏览菜单。最后走过来问作者有关配料的问题,故选D项。]
3.A.expenses B.ingredients
C.tastes D.quantities
答案　B　[句意同上。expense开支;ingredient材料;成分;taste口味;quantity质量。根据下文“because his son was allergic(过敏的)to some food”可知,小男孩对一些食物过敏,所以询问的是有关食物材料的问题,故选B项。]
4.A.wrote B.drew
C.handed D.lent
答案　C　[句意:某个时候,这个可能六七岁的男孩递给我一张覆膜卡片,上面列出了他所有的过敏原。write写;draw画;hand递;lend借出。根据下文“so I asked to borrow the 　　　　”可知,男孩递给作者一张卡片,故选C项。]
5.A.interesting B.enjoyable
C.useless D.impossible
答案　D　[句意:我不可能记住它们,也不知道调料混合物是什么,所以我请求借用卡片,这样我就可以去检查了。interesting有趣的;enjoyable令人愉快的;useless无用的;impossible不可能的。根据上文“They were a lot.”可知,男孩的过敏原很多,所以作者不可能记住它们,于是要求借卡片,故选D项。]
6.A.card B.boy
C.money D.menu
答案　A　[句意同上。card卡片;boy男孩;money钱;menu菜单。根据上文“a laminated(覆膜的) card”可知,男孩给作者递了一张卡片。作者请求借卡片。card是原词复现,故选A项。]
7.A.hesitated B.agreed
C.cried D.laughed
答案　B　[句意:他同意了,我就走了。hesitate犹豫;agree答应;cry哭;laugh笑。根据下文“and off I went”可知,男孩的父亲同意了作者的请求,故选B项。]
8.A.came to B.looked like
C.ended up D.turned out
答案　D　[句意:事实证明,我们的许多调味料和酱汁都含有男孩会过敏的成分。come to来到;look like看起来像;end up结果;最终;turn out结果是;事实证明。It turned out that是固定句型,意为“结果证明;事实证明”,故选D项。]
9.A.clever B.cheap
C.safe D.new
答案　C　[句意:经过努力,我为他找到了一个安全的选择,并因他对肉类过敏而采取了额外的预防措施。clever聪明的;cheap便宜的;safe安全的;new新的。根据下文“took extra precautions”可知,作者还采取了额外的预防措施,所以此处应是为小男孩找到了一个安全的选择,故选C项。]
10.A.struggled B.pretended
C.decided D.forgotten
答案　A　[句意:这位父亲很感激,并解释说他们一直在努力寻找合适的用餐选择。struggle努力;pretend假装;decide决定;forget忘记。根据本句的过去完成时态以及空后的“to find suitable dining options”可知,他们一直在努力寻找合适的用餐选择。struggle to do sth意为“努力做某事”,故选A项。]
11.A.designed B.broke
C.marked D.kept
答案　C　[句意:这标志着一种特殊联系的开始,因为他们成为了常客,每周至少来(餐馆)一次。design设计;break打破;mark标志;keep保持。根据下文“as they became 　　　　customers,visiting at least once a week.”可知,父子俩成为了餐馆的常客,所以那一次就餐标志着一种特殊联系的开始,故选C项。]
12.A.private B.regular
C.normal D.curious
答案　B　[句意:同上。private私人的;regular有规律的;经常的;normal正常的;curious好奇的。根据下文“visiting at least once a week”可知,父子俩成为了餐馆的常客,故选B项。]
13.A.lesson B.present
C.envy D.response
答案　D　[句意:我得到的积极反馈令人振奋地提醒我,通过真正的关心和理解,我们可以有所作为。lesson课;教训;present礼物;envy羡慕;response反应。根据上文“This 　　　　the beginning of a special connection,as they became 　　　　customers,visiting at least once a week.”可知,这是作者得到的积极回应,故选D项。]
14.A.difference B.change
C.sense D.promise
答案　A　[句意同上。difference差异;change改变;sense意义;promise承诺。make a difference意为“有影响;起(重要)作用”。此处指通过真正的关心和理解,我们可以有所作为,故选A项。]
15.A.accept B.promote
C.tailor D.dismiss
答案　C　[句意:这强化了我的承诺,即确保每位客人的体验都令人难忘,让顾客可以定制自己的独特需求。accept接受;promote促进;tailor定制;dismiss解雇。根据下文“their unique needs”可知,此处指定制顾客的独特需求,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·潍坊高三统考)
The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er gained the World Heritage Site status at the 45th session of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee,
1.　　　　　　 (become) the first World Heritage Site related to tea.
The 2.　　　　　　 (new) named heritage site,located in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County in Pu’er,Yunnan Province,3.　　　　　　 (comprise) five large scale,well preserved old tea forests,three protective barrier forests 4.　　　　　　 nine ancient villages in the old tea forests.
The committee said the cultural landscape is an outstanding example of a sustainable land use system 5.　　　　　　 (base) on the combination of horizontal and vertical land use patterns.“This land use system permits the use of natural resources in the typically 6.　　　　　　 (mountain) environment of Jingmai Mountain and represents an exceptional example of a human interaction by Blang and Dai 7.　　　　　　 (people) with a challenging environment.”
Chen Yaohua,director of Peking University’s World Heritage Research Center,said the tea growing technique on the Jingmai Mountain is quite unique,particularly in these years
8.　　　　　　 large scale terraced (阶梯形的) tea plantations play a dominant role in the world.It represents the ecological ethics (伦理) and 9.　　　　　　 (wise) that can inspire sustainable development in the world today.
The local government of Pu’er and the Yunnan provincial authorities have released three laws and seven regulations focusing 10.　　　　　　 the protection of the cultural landscape resources.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观被列入世界遗产名录,还介绍了该文化景观的特色和价值等。
1.becoming　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语。become与其逻辑主语“The Cultural Landscape...in Pu’er”之间是主谓关系,用动词 ing形式作状语,故填becoming。]
2.newly　[考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词化的过去分词named,应填副词,故填newly。]
3.comprises　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据句意可知,此处描述客观事实,故使用一般现在时;句子的主语The newly named heritage site表示第三人称单数概念,故填comprises。]
4.and　[考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,设空前后是并列关系,故填and。]
5.based　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中is为宾从的谓语动词,空处作非谓语。逻辑主语land use system与base之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语,故填based。]
6.mountainous　[考查词性转换。修饰空后名词environment,应用形容词。故填mountainous。]
7.peoples　[考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词作宾语,此处表示“布朗族和傣族人”。people在此为可数名词,意为“民族”,故填peoples。]
8.when　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为these years,从句中缺时间状语,故填when。]
9.wisdom　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处与ethics构成并列关系,此处用wise的名词形式,故填wisdom。]
10.on　[考查介词。此处考查固定搭配focus on“集中于……”,故填on。]
A Para.1:strategy n.策略;Para.2:category n.类别;accuracy n.准确性;Para.3:primitive adj.原始的
B Para.1:track v.跟踪;追踪;block v.挡住;Para.4:smoothly adv.流畅地;平稳地; Para.5:transfer v.使转移;Para.6:complement v.补足,补充
A Para.5:celebrate　熟义:vt.庆祝;生义:vt.赞扬
B Para.5:can 　熟义:modal verb能,可以　生义:n.金属罐
A Para.1:tackle problems处理问题;Para.2:visual images视觉图像; Para.3:complex visual categorization复杂视觉分类;Para.5:similar to类似于
B Para.1:take in接收;看到;注意到
长 难 句 式 A Para.1:A new study reveals that pigeons can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence,enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. [分析]　第一个that引导宾语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词tasks;现在分词短语enabling them to solve difficult tasks作状语。 [译文]　一项新的研究表明,鸽子可以像人工智能一样处理一些问题,使它们能够解决一些人类也难以解决的困难任务。(共178张PPT)
UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world
必修第三册
主题语境:科技发展与信息技术创新,科学精神,信息安全
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.sufficient adj. 足够的,充足的
2.data n. 数据,资料,材料
3.evolution n. 进化;演变,发展
4.bomb n. 炸弹;核武器
vt. 轰炸
5.extract n. 提取物;选录
vt. 提取;选录;取出;设法得到
6.trial n. 试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验
vi.& vt. 测试,试验
7.mystery n. 神秘,神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品
8.metal n. 金属
9.authority n. 权威,权力;官方
10.error n. 错误,差错
11.evil n. 罪恶,罪行;害处,坏处
adj. 恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的
12.herb n. 药草,香草;草本
13.republic n. 共和国,共和政体
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.deadly diseases 致命的疾病
2.Jiangsu Province 江苏省
3.postpone leaving for Shanghai 推迟去上海
4.conduct an experiment 进行实验
5.apply theory to practice 将理论应用于实践
6.thunderstorm and lightning 电闪雷鸣
7.be involved in the activity 参与到这项活动中
8.declare the sports meet open 宣布运动会开幕
9.publish a number of books 出版一系列书籍
10.a wide range of household appliances
各种各样的家用电器
11.free of charge 免费
12.a credit card 信用卡
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.broad adj. 广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的
　broadly adv. 大体上;开心(笑)
　broaden vt. 变宽;变阔
2.intend vi.& vt. 想要,计划;意指
　intended adj. 打算的;计划的;为……打算(或设计)的
　intention n. 目的;意图;打算
3.limited adj. 有限的
　limit n.& vt. 限制
　limitation n. 限制;局限
4.container n. 容器;集装箱,货柜
　contain vt. 包含
5.wisdom n. 智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智
　wise adj. 明智的;聪明的;充满智慧的
　wisely adv. 明智地;聪明地;精明地
6.beneficial adj. 有益的,有用的
　benefit n. 益处
　　　　vt. 对(某人)有用;使受益
　　　　vi. 得益于
7.illustrate vt. 说明,解释;加插图于
　illustration n. 图解;图示
8.surround vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
　surrounding adj. 周围的
　surroundings n. 环境
9.indicate vt. 表明;暗示;提及;指出
　indication n. 表明;显示
10.accident n. 意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇
　accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的
　accidentally adj. 意外地;偶然地
11.intelligent adj. 有才智的;聪明的;有智力的
　intelligence n. 才智
12.favour vt. 较喜欢;偏袒;有助于
　　　　n. 帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
　favourable adj. 赞同的;支持的;有利的
　favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的
　　　　　n. 特别喜爱的人(或事物)
13.politician n. 政治家,从政者;投机钻营者
　politics n. 政治(学)
　political adj. 政治的
14.scientific adj. 科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的
　science n. 科学
　scientist n. 科学家
15.moral adj. 道德的;道义上的;品行端正的
　　　　n. 品行,道德;寓意,教益
　immoral adj. 不道德的
16.apply vt.& vi. 应用;申请;涂;有关
　applicant n. 申请人
　application n. 申请;申请书;应用
17.ignorance n. 无知
　ignore vt. 忽视;不予理睬
　ignorant adj. 不了解的,无知的;很无礼的
18.freedom n. 自由
　free adj. 自由的;不收费的
　freely adv. 自由地
19.permit vt.& vi. 允许,准许,许可;使有可能
　　　　n. 许可证
　permission n. 准许;许可
20.responsibility n. 责任,负责;职责,义务
　responsible adj. 负责的
21.nationality n. 国籍;民族
　nation n. 国家;民族
　national adj. 国家的;全国的;民族的
22.marriage n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态
　marry vt.& vi. 结婚
23.electric adj. 电的,发电的,电动的
　electrical adj. 电的;用电的
　electricity n. 电,电能
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.make a difference 有影响,起作用
2.with great interest 怀着极大的兴趣
3.put another way 换句话说
4.take it for granted 想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
5.speed up (使)加速
6.by accident 偶然,意外地
7.refer to 查阅,参考;提到,谈及
8.work out 计算出;理解;锻炼
9.far from 远非,几乎相反
10.let sb down 使某人失望
11.as to 至于
12.put forward 提出,提议,建议
13.get a taste of 尝一尝,体味……
14.give a lecture on 做……的讲座
15.pay off 成功,奏效,达到目的
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history.[the first+(n.)+不定式短语作定语]
　屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
2.She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.(现在分词短语作状语)
　她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造,获得了广泛的中西医知识。
3.Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water,Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.(过去分词短语作状语)
　据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。
4.However,it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments.(强调句型)
　然而,直到20世纪70年代,屠呦呦经过多次失败的实验,才成功地发现了青蒿素。
5.Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine,Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu.(without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件)
　如果她没有丰富的中西医知识,屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。
6.The most popular experiment was“Planets in a bottle”, in which students tried to create the conditions of different planets inside glass bottles.(非限制性定语从句)
　最受欢迎的实验是“瓶子里的行星”,学生们试图在玻璃瓶子里创建不同行星的状况。
词汇横拓串记
后缀-ial形容词荟萃 盘点与“婚姻”有关的高频词 盘点动词+up短语
①benefit→beneficial有益的 ②face→facial面部的 ③industry→industrial工业的 ④finance→financial　金融的 ⑤race→racial种族的 ⑥commerce→commercial商业的 ①marry v.　结婚 ②marriage n.婚姻 ③divorce n.& vi.离婚 ④wedding n.婚礼 ⑤bridegroom n.新郎 ⑥bride n.新娘 ①speed up(使)加速
②hold up支撑;耽搁
③make up组成;构成
④pick up拾起,捡起
⑤break up分手;(使)分裂
⑥go up上涨,上升
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.extract the metal substance提取　　　　　　物质
2.through trial and error 　通过　　　　　
3.have sufficient safety data 　有　　　　　　　安全　　　　　
4.set off the bomb 　引爆　　　　　
5.read mystery novels 　阅读　　　　　　小说
金属
Step One　写一写
反复试验
足够的
数据
炸弹
悬疑
6.a tsunami warning issued by the authority
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　发布的海啸预警
7.evolution of species 物种的　　　　　
8.Chinese medicinal herb 中　　　　　
当局
演变
草药
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　　包含;需要;牵涉;影响; 涉及;(使)参加(卷入)……
2.　　　　　　 vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
3.　　　　　　 n. 雷雨,雷暴
4.　　　　　　 n. 省,省份
5.　　　　　　 adj. 致命的;十足的,彻底的
6.　　　　　　 n. 赞扬,认可;信用
　　　　　　　vt. 存入金额;把……归于
involve
declare
thunderstorm
province
deadly
credit
7.　　　　　　 adj. 家庭的,家用的,家务的
　　　　　　　n. 一家人,家庭
8.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责; 使……承担责任;使充满
　　　　　　　n. 收费;控告;谴责;掌管
9.　　　　　　 vt. 延迟,延期
10.　　　　　　 n. 学说,论;原理;看法,意见
11.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.组织,实施;指挥; 引导;举止
12.　　　　　　 vt. 出版,发行;发表;公布
13.　　　　　　 n. 实验,试验;尝试,实践
　　　　　　　vi. 做试验,进行实验;尝试
household
charge
postpone
theory
conduct
publish
experiment
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.想要,计划;意指
　　　　　　　 adj. 打算的;计划的; 为……打算(或设计)的
　　　　　　　 n. 目的;意图;打算
2.　　　　　　 adj. 广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的
　　　　　　　 adv. 大体上;开心(笑)
　　　　　　　 vt. 变宽;变阔
intend
intended
intention
broad
broadly
broaden
3.　　　　　　 n. 益处
　　　　　　　vt. 对(某人)有用;使受益
　　　　　　　vi. 得益于
　　　　　　　 adj. 有益的,有用的
4.　　　　　　 vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
　　　　　　　 adj. 周围的
　　　　　　　 n. 环境
benefit
beneficial
surround
surrounding
surroundings
5.　　　　　　 vt.& vi. 结婚
　　　　　　　 n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态
6.　　　　　　 adj. 有才智的;聪明的;有智力的
　　　　　　　 n. 才智
7.　　　　　　 vt.& vi. 允许,准许,许可;使有可能
　　　　　　　 n. 许可证
　　　　　　　 n. 准许;许可
marry
marriage
intelligent
intelligence
permit
permission
8.　　　　　　 n. 政治(学)
　　　　　　　 adj. 政治的
　　　　　　　 n. 政治家,从政者;投机钻营者
9.　　　　　　 adj. 电的,发电的,电动的
　　　　　　　 adj. 电的;用电的
　　　　　　　 n. 电,电能
politics
political
politician
electric
electrical
electricity
10.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.应用;申请;涂;有关
　　　　　　　 n. 申请人
　　　　　　　 n. 申请;申请书;应用
11.　　　　　　 n. 科学
　　　　　　　 n. 科学家
　　　　　　　 adj. 科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的
apply
applicant
application
science
scientist
scientific
12.　　　　　　 adj. 负责的
　　　　　　　 n. 责任,负责;职责,义务
13.　　　　　　 n. 国家;民族
　　　　　　　 adj. 国家的;全国的;民族的
　　　　　　　 n. 国籍;民族
responsible
responsibility
nation
national
nationality
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　有影响,起作用
2.　　　　　　　 怀着极大的兴趣
3.　　　　　　　 换句话说
4.　　　　　　　 想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
5.　　　　　　　 查阅,参考;提到,谈及
6.　　　　　　　 计算出;理解;锻炼
7.　　　　　　　 (使)加速
make a difference
with great interest
put another way
take it for granted
refer to
work out
speed up
8.pay off 　　　　　　　
9.by accident 　　　　　　　
10.let sb down 　　　　　　　
11.put forward 　　　　　　　
12.get a taste of 　　　　　　　
成功,奏效,达到目的
偶然,意外地
使某人失望
提出,提议,建议
尝一尝,体味……
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:强调句型
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I realized I was so desperate for the prize to prove myself.
　直到那一刻,我才意识到我非常渴望用这个奖项来证明自己。
It wasn't until that moment that
2.句型公式:the first+(n.)+不定式短语作定语
　Most importantly, the elderly are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
because they are well respected in China.(传统文化)
　最重要的是,老人是首先品尝美食的,因为在中国老人很受尊重。
the first to taste the delicious food
3.句型公式:过去分词短语作状语
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, you will
get sunburnt.
　在夏天长时间暴露在阳光下,你会被晒伤。
Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.On August 5,our headmaster d　　　　　　 the sports meet open.
2.To her delight,her first love story was p　　　　　　 and distributed by a press,and her work appealed to thousands of readers.
3.To their c　　　　　　,the four countries do work together in some aspects and have a good relationship with each other.
eclared
Step Two　练一练
ublished
redit
4.The experiment of estimation he c　　　　　　 showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
5.Owing to the bad weather,we decided to p　　　　　　 leaving.
onducted
ostpone
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.We'll be 　　　　　　for your safety and you need to take
　　　　　　for your actions.(responsible)
2.Britain is a developed 　　　　　　and its 　　　　　　flower is rose.Many people dream of having British 　　　　　　.(nation)
3.His experience in the college not only gave him
　　　　　　knowledge but also 　　　　　　his horizons.(broad)
responsible
responsibility
nation
national
nationality
broad
broadened
4.Eventually,my friend Tom 　　　　　　his girlfriend Jane and many of us envied their happy 　　　　　　.(marry)
5.It is indeed an honor for China's 　　　　　　research and Chinese medicine to be spread across the world,which also encourages more 　　　　　　to devote themselves to their careers.(science)
6.　 　　　　 by the forest,the village has beautiful 　　　　 　,
which attract many visitors from 　　　　　　areas.(surround)
married
marriage
scientific
scientists
Surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
Ⅲ.短语填空
speed up　pay off　put forward　refer to　by accident
take it for granted
1.The scientist 　　　　　　the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
2.She arrived just as we were leaving,but I'm not sure whether this was 　　　　　　or by design.
3.If we 　　　　　　our work,we can finish it before 6 p.m.
referred to
by accident
speed up
4.As for the problem you 　　　　　　in your last letter,I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an e-dictionary.
5.I 　　　 　　　that he is a native Italian because he speaks Italian so well.
6.Finally,my hard work 　　　　　　—we were awarded an A,which gave me great satisfaction.
put forward
take it for granted
paid off
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once upon a time,there was a man who 1.　　　　　　 (admire) by most people for his great scientific achievements.Since he was young,he had been interested in traditional Chinese medicine,
2.　　　　　　 (intend) to be a famous doctor.But because of poverty,he dropped out of school.He didn't give up though.He continued to learn by himself.
was admired
intending
Once some people in his village developed a deadly disease.To cure them,he 3.　　　　　　 (refer) to many books and eventually some herbs saved them.Their 4.　　　　　　 (survive) encouraged him so greatly that he began to do more scientific experiments,　exploring a 5.　　　　　　 (broad) world.At that time equipment was so limited that he couldn‘t get sufficient data,　6.　　　　　 he overcame these difficulties.A few years later,his efforts paid
referred
survival
broader
but
7.　　　　　　!He wrote a nicely illustrated book and had it
8.　　　　 (publish).He also gave lectures in different provinces,　encouraging others to further explore 9.　　　　　treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine,which can be 10.　　　　　　 (benefit) to global health care.
off
published
the
beneficial
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.2 写作迁移
1.intend vt. & vi.打算;想要;计划;意指→intended adj.打算的;计划的;
　为……打算(或设计)的→intention n.目的;意图;打算
佳句背诵　
We will hold events in the local community which intends to raise people's awareness of environmental protection.(邀请信)
我们将在当地社区举办活动,旨在提高人们的环保意识。
intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
be intended/designed to do sth 为了做……打算(或设计)的
be intended/designed for... 专门为……准备/打算(表示目的)
with the intention/aim of 抱有……的目的;打算……
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message
　　　　　　　　　 (intend) for everyone.(2023·全国甲卷)
②Many columns of the English newspaper Youth 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　 enriching our boring campus life.(短文投稿,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)　 英文报Youth中的许多专栏是专门为高中生设计的,旨在丰富我们单调的校园生活。
intended
are specially
intended/designed for senior high school students with the intention/aim of
教考衔接　单句写作
③Knowing that 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　 　　　　　　　　for the purpose of practicing oral English, I'd like to express my opinions about it.(建议信,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
得知你打算把学生随机分成两组来练习英语口语,我想表达一下我的看法。
you intend to divide students into groups
of two at random
2.surround vt.围绕;环绕;包围;与……紧密相关;喜欢结交……;喜欢身
　边总有……→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n.环境
佳句背诵　
In the competition,all the teams were playing at their best in high spirits, surrounded with all the rest of the students,who were watching excitedly.(场景描写)
在这场比赛中,所有队伍都精神饱满地发挥出了最佳水平,周围都是兴奋地观看比赛的其他学生。
surround...with... 用……包围……
surround oneself with... 喜欢结交……;喜欢身边总有……
be surrounded with/by 被……包围
以练促学　单句写作
①It is wise for you　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　who have a high level of self-discipline.(建议信)
对你来说,结交一些高度自律的人是明智的。
to surround yourself with people
教考衔接　单句语法填空/单句写作
②In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City,
　　　　　　 (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.(2023·浙江1月卷)
③When I realized that I was the winner of Gold medal,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
当我意识到我是金牌的赢家时,我既惊讶又难以置信。
surrounded
surprise and unbelief surrounded me
3.favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒→favourable adj.赞同的,支持的; 有利的;优惠的→favourite n.特别喜爱的人(或事物) adj.特别受喜爱的
佳句背诵　
I am wondering if/whether you can do me a favour/do a favour for me to give some advice on how to give an English speech.(求助信)
我想知道你能否帮一个忙,给我一些如何作英语演讲的建议。
favour (doing) sth 较喜欢某事/做某事
do a favour for sb=do sb a favour 帮助某人一个忙
ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙
in favour of 支持;赞同;有利于
以练促学　词汇升级/单句写作
①I was wondering if you could help me by guiding us to revise a short play. 　　　　
do a favour for me/do me a favour
②He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(情绪描写)
当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时,他勃然大怒。
教考衔接　单句写作
③It turns out that 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.
(短文投稿,2022·全国乙卷)
事实证明,在谈及英语学习方面,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。
in favour of his opinion
students favour the entertaining ways
4.charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;
控告;谴责;掌管; 充电量
佳句背诵　
I am Li Hua, in charge of “Talk and Talk”,an English program from the Campus Broadcasting Station.(邀请信,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我是李华,负责校园广播电台的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。
charge sb for sth为某事向某人收取(……)费用
charge sb with (doing) sth因(做)某事控告某人
take charge of/in charge of掌管/负责……
free of charge=for free 免费
[点拨]　in charge of多以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。类似用法的还有:in possession of/in the possession of;in control of/in the control of等。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
We have enough evidence and confidence to charge you
　　　　　　abuse of power.
②Learning that the shop owner 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 ,
I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me.(情绪描写)
得知店主没有收我买礼物的钱,我感到一股温暖和感激之情涌上心头。
with
charged me nothing for the present
③Last week we had a heated debate about　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　.
上周我们就市民是否可以免费进入科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。
教考衔接　单句写作
④I will 　　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 designed to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.
(求助信,2021·全国甲卷)
我将负责一个主题班会,旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。
whether citizens can access
the Science Museum free of charge/for free
be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting
Yesterday,I had intended to stay at home watching TV, but my friend invited me to explore the forest at the back of my house. As we walked deeper, we found ourselves surrounded by tall trees and thick bushes. We were lost and started to panic. Just then, a kind old man appeared. He showed us the way out in favour of our safety. However, when we reached the exit, he charged us a small amount of money for his help. We were a little surprised but still grateful.
5.involve vt.包含;需要;牵涉;影响;(使)参加,加入→involved adj.有关联;
参与;复杂难解的; 专心于……的→involvement n.参与;牵连
佳句背诵　
I am more than delighted to involve myself in the upcoming Chinese Workshop,which aims to promote cultural exchange between China and the UK.(活动介绍,2023·天津6月卷)
我非常高兴能参加即将举办的旨在促进中英文化交流的中国工坊。
involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事;使某人卷入(做)某事
involve doing... 包括/需要做……
be/get involved in 参与;卷入;专注于……
以练促学　词汇升级/单句写作
①On hearing that, we were extremely excited and couldn't resist the desire to take part in it. 　　　　 　
be/get involved in
②Everyone who is interested can sign up for it and 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(通知)
每个感兴趣的人都可以报名参加,我们期待着您的积极参与。
教考衔接　单句写作
③This simple routine 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths.(活动介绍,2024·浙江1月卷)
这个简单的日常活动包括从你的桌子前站起来,伸展你的手臂、腿和背部,以及做几次深呼吸。
we are looking
forward to your active involvement
involves standing up from your desk
6.permit vt.& vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证,特许证(尤指限期
的)→permission n.准许;许可
佳句背诵　
No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission.(通知)
任何人未经允许禁止对博物馆里的展品拍照。
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
permit (doing) sth 允许(做)某事
ask sb for permission=ask permission from sb 请求某人许可
with/without (one's) permission 得到/未经(某人的)允许
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I was very happy and very excited to go there but I needed to ask
　　　　　　(permit) from my parents.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature.(独立主格结构,通知)
如果天气允许,我们将举办冬日远足活动,让我们接近大自然。
permission
Weather permitting
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③Citizens of higher social classes 　　　 　　　(permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).(2023·浙江1月卷)
were permitted
7.refer to指的是;提到;谈及;参考;查阅
佳句背诵　
If you meet with the characters you don't know,I strongly suggest that you (should) refer to reference books or turn to others for help.(建议信)
如果你遇到了不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。
refer to...as... 把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……
reference n. 提及;参考;查阅;介绍信
in/with reference to 关于
以练促学　单句语法填空
①First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super”, referring 　　　　　　a 52.4-mile double marathon.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②We refer to him 　　　　　　a genius because he always wins the first prize in various contests.
to
as
教考衔接　单句写作
③I am writing to ask for your advice 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　appeal to foreigners most.
(求助信,2021·全国甲卷)
我写信寻求您关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
in/with reference to what
kinds of Chinese traditional culture
8.put forward提议,提出,建议;推荐;将……提前;拨快(钟表)
佳句背诵　
Our government has put forward “The Belt and Road Initiative”,which encourages cooperation between China and other countries.
我们的政府提出了“一带一路”倡议,鼓励中国与其他国家之间的合作。
put aside 把……放到一边;储存
put off 推迟;延期
put away 把……收拾好;整理;储蓄
put on 穿上;上演;增加
put up 搭建;张贴;举起;为……提供住宿
put down 放下;写下;镇压
put up with 忍受;容忍
以练促学　用put短语填空
①To make space in the bedroom,she 　　　　　　　　　　　 her winter clothes and took them to the storeroom.
②I can't make sense of the theory 　　　　　　　　　　　　by a famous scholar.Do me a favour to explain it,please.
③As long as we 　　　　　　our cellphones and get down to spending time with our family,we will never let our family down.
put away
put forward
put aside
教考衔接　用put短语填空
④We will 　　　　　　the picnic until next week,when the weather may be better.(通知)
⑤It is a tradition for the Chinese people 　　　　　　Spring Festival couplets either on the doors or walls in the Spring Festival.(节日介绍)
put off
to put up
This week, our class has decided to organize a volunteer activity.It involves helping the elderly in the community. Our teacher permits us to do it on weekends. Before starting, we should refer to some successful cases to make a better plan. Finally, our monitor has put forward a detailed schedule and everyone is ready to go.
句型公式:强调句型
课本原句:However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,after many failed experiments.
然而,直到20世纪70年代,屠呦呦经过多次失败的实验,才成功地发现了青蒿素。
佳句背诵　
It was not until he finished his work that he realized how tired he was.
直到工作结束,他才意识到自己有多累。
(1)强调句型的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who...
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that...
(4)not until的强调句型:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that...
以练促学　句式升级
I didn't realize a small act of care can melt people's loneliness until I experienced the event.(主旨升华)
→Not until 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a small act of care can melt people's loneliness.(倒装)
→　　 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I realized a small act of care can melt people's loneliness.(强调句型)
I experienced the event did I realize
It was not until I experienced the event that
教考衔接　单句写作
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
bravely and positively.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
是我体贴的老师激励我勇敢而积极地面对我的恐惧。
It is my considerate teacher who inspires me to face my fear
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.You'll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other,more annoying situations. (2023·全国甲卷)
　　　　　
2.There are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of advice. 　　　　　
3.As an examiner,she showed no favour to any candidate. 　　　　　
vt.应用
n.寓意,教益
n.偏袒,偏爱
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.credit n.赞扬,认可;信用;学分vt.存入金额;把……归于;认为……有(良
好的品质或特点)
vt.把……归于
①She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.From the age of six,Terri,now 26,accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.(2023·全国甲卷) 　 　　　　
②Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. 　　　　　
n.赞扬,认可
③The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits,you may rent a locker.
　　　　　
④When I checked out,I couldn‘t find my credit card. 　　　　　
n.学分
n.信用
2.charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;
控告;掌管
n.收费
①A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education.(2022·全国乙卷) 　　　　　
②He took charge of the farm after his father's death. 　　　　　
③He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later.
　　　　　
n.掌管
n.控告
④The shaver can be charged and used while travelling. 　　　　　
⑤There are plenty of other benefits,too:it doesn't charge city tax.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 　　　　　
vt.充电
vt.收费
3.refer to查阅,参考;提到,谈及;指的是
指的是
①What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to 　　　　　
②If you don't know the exact meaning of the word,you may refer to the dictionary. 　　　　　
③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again. 　　　　　
查阅,参考
提到,谈及
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the 　　　　　　(limit) time.(2023·全国乙卷)
2.Illegal hunting is threatening the 　　　　　　 (survive) of the species.
3.　　　　　　 (surround)by green trees,the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
limited
survival
Surrounded
4.Thirdly,I wonder how much you will charge us 　　　　　　the six-week course.
5.Male family members are recommended to get more
　 　　 (involve) in educating children.
6.To pronounce well,I suggest that you should put 　　　　　　10 minutes to read after the listening material every day.
7.In a good 　　　　　　(marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.
for
involved
aside
marriage
8.By performing appropriate measures,we have created a
　 (favor) learning environment.
9.In 1939,Britain declared war 　　　　　　Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
10.There are millions of people in our country who are addicted to
　　　　　　(smoke), which is extremely dangerous to public health.
favourable
on/against
smoking
11.There is a great deal of evidence 　　　 (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
12.Since the new rules began to work,we students have been permitted 　　　　　　 (have) one hour for exercise every day.
indicating
to have
维度三　完成句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　
wonderful stories.
　如果没有挫折,我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。
2.You should form a good habit of learning,which can 　　　　　 　
　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　你应该养成良好的学习习惯,这可以帮助你加速实现目标。
Without setbacks, our life would not be filled with
help you speed
up to achieve your goal
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, everything will go well as long as you take action.
　尽管这绝非让人高兴,但只要你采取行动,一切都会好起来的。
4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance,whatever difficulties might arise.
　我尝到了胜利的滋味,学会了无论遇到什么困难,都要坚持不懈地追求梦想。
Although it was far from delightful
got a taste of victory
5.An expert paramedic will be invited to 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　 　　　when emergencies happen.
　将邀请一位专业的急救医生讲授如何在紧急情况发生时实施急救。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the theme should be related to traditional Chinese culture.
　至于要求,主题应与中国传统文化相关。
give a lecture on how
to conduct first aid
As to requirements
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(报道——科学节)
　　假定你是李华,近日你校举办了以“科学之美(The Beauty of Science)”为主题的首届校园科学节。请你给校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.举办时间;2.活动内容;3.师生反响。
第一步　根据要点写美句
为了提高学生的科学意识,以“科学之美”为主题的科学节于上周在我校举行。(intend)
　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
Intended to raise students' awareness of science,the science festival with the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched/held in our school last week.
②一位专家被邀请教我们如何制作机器人,之后学生们参与了丰富多彩的活动,比如编程机器人和设计机器人。(involve,“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
An expert was invited to teach us how to make robots, after which the students involved themselves in the colourful activities,such as programming robots and designing robots.
③至于其他活动,在不同的时间安排了有关先进技术的科学知识测验和讲座。(as to)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
As to other activities,scientific knowledge quizzes and lectures about advanced technologies were arranged at different time.
④在这个节日上,我们还在现场欣赏了各种各样的装置,这些装置对我们的日常生活有很大的好处。(benefit,非限制性定语从句)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
⑤最令人印象深刻的是这个节日让我们学生意识到追求科学是没有极限的。(what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句,there is no limit to...)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
At this festival,we also appreciated various devices on the spot, which are of great benefit to our daily life.
What was most impressive was that the festival made us students realize there is no limit to pursuing science.
⑥这个节日不仅激励我们投身于科学,也提高了我们的创新意识。
(apply,部分倒装)
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
Not only did the festival motivate us to apply ourselves to science but it also raised our awareness of innovation.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Intended to raise students' awareness of science,the science festival with the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched/held in our school last week.
At the beginning,an expert was invited to teach us how to make robots,after which the students involved themselves in the colourful activities,such as programming robots and designing robots.As to other activities,scientific knowledge quizzes and lectures about
advanced technologies were arranged at different time.At this festival,we also appreciated various devices on the spot,which are of great benefit to our daily life.What was most impressive was that the festival made us students realize there is no limit to pursuing science.
In conclusion,not only did the festival motivate us to apply ourselves to science but it also raised our awareness of innovation.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
1.语料积累
单 词 particularly adv.　 特别
achieve v. 实现
strengthen v. 增强
astronaut n. 宇航员
science n. 科学
mathematics n. 数学
space n. 太空
词 块 focus on专注于
the astronomy club天文学俱乐部
develop one's interest 培养某人的兴趣
participate in参加
various science competitions各种科学竞赛
apply to申请
aerospace engineering航空航天工程
space exploration太空探索
academic excellence学术卓越
physical fitness身体健康
maintain a strict fitness plan保持严格的健身计划
靓 句 1.Ever since I was a child,I have dreamed of becoming an astronaut.
自我还是个孩子时,我就梦想成为一名宇航员。
2.My journey is challenging,but my passion for space makes every effort worthwhile.
我的旅程充满挑战,但我对太空的热情使得每一份努力都是值得的。
2.场景片段训练(为了成为宇航员,我一直在努力……)
Ever since I was a child,①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我梦想成为一名宇航员).To achieve this,I focused intensely on my studies,particularly in science and mathematics.In high school,I joined the astronomy club,which ②　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 (让我能够更多地了解太空) and develop my interest further.I also ③　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (参加各种科学竞赛)
I have dreamed of becoming
an astronaut
allowed me to learn more about space
participated in
various science competitions
to strengthen my problem-solving skills.After graduation,I plan to
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (申请一所大学) that offers aerospace engineering to ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (获取进行太空探索所需的知识).⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 (成为宇航员) requires not only academic excellence but also physical fitness,so I
⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (保持严格的健身计划). My journey ⑧　　　　　　　　　　　 (充满挑战), but my passion for space makes every effort worthwhile.
apply to a university
gain the knowledge needed
for space exploration
Becoming an astronaut
maintain a strict fitness plan
is challenging
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2023·全国甲卷阅读B)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.From the age of six,Terri,now 26,accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.A day's work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.She says:“I'm sure I wasn't much of a help to start with.But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago,I was heavily involved (参与),painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.It took weeks and it was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri,who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth,South West London,says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end.She adds:“I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures.So,it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks,new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long,warm summer days to get jobs done.The average spend per project will be around ￡823.Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home.A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby,the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了DIY高手泰瑞·博尔顿的技能是如何练就的,以及这些技能为她的生活带来的正面影响。
24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A.An artist. B.A winner.
C.A specialist. D.A pioneer.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段的第二句可知,泰瑞·博尔顿擅长搭架子和拼装家具,她自己能做的工作从不付钱让别人做。据此可知,她是自己动手方面的专家,故画线部分意为“专家”,故选C项。
25.Why did Terri's grandfather give her ￡5 a day
A.For a birthday gift.
B.As a treat for her work.
C.To support her DIY projects.
D.To encourage her to take up a hobby.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“A day's work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.”可知,一天的工作使她得到五镑零用钱的奖励。据此可知,她祖父每天给她零钱是为了奖励她一天的工作,故选B项。
26.How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A.By making it look like before.
B.By furnishing it herself.
C.By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D.By cancelling the rental agreement.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段泰瑞·博尔顿所说的话“I've moved house many times...I've moved out.”可知,她通过使房子看起来和入住时一样来避免被扣除押金,故选A项。
27.What trend in DIY does the research show
A.It is becoming more costly.
B.It is getting more time-consuming.
C.It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D.It is gaining popularity among females.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的尾句可知,尽管DIY传统上被认为是男性的爱好,但研究表明,现在是女性在主导这一潮流。据此可推知,DIY当前深受女性欢迎,故选D项。
思维建模
记叙文之解题3技巧
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:furniture n.家具; Para.2:accompany v.陪伴; Para.3:rent v.租赁;deposit n.押金; charge n.费用 Para.2:credit to归功于;backbreaking work繁重的工作; proud of为……感到自豪;
Para.3:come to an end到期; move out搬出去;
Para.4:make the most of充分利用
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago,I was heavily involved,painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.
[句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为主谓状结构;when引导时间状语从句;现在分词短语painting...and putting...作伴随状语。
[尝试翻译]　

[语言赏析]　这句话运用了复合句的结构和并列的非谓语短语,有效地表达了作者在房屋建造过程中深度参与的经历,展示了作者在实际劳动中的成就感。句子的逻辑清晰、结构简洁,展现了简练却富有表现力的写作风格。
但大约八年前,当德里克建造我们家房子时,我参与了很多,粉刷房间并铺设整个房子的地板。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·济南高三模拟)
A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence,enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans.Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy,involving a trial-and-error approach,which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use.To examine it,Brandon Turner,a psychology professor at The Ohio State University,and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study,the pigeons were presented with various visual images,including lines of different widths and angles,and different types of rings.The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.If they got it correct,they received food;if they were wrong,they received nothing.Results showed that,through trial and error,the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks,increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning,which is linking two phenomena with each other.For example,it is easy to understand the link between “water” and “wet”.“Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Tumer said.But that’s exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use:associative learning and error correction.And,like the pigeons,the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers.For humans,the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the tasks easier.But in this case,there were no rules,which upsets humans.
“What’s interesting,though,is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans,” Turner said.“We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence;at the same time,we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科学发现表明,鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些复杂的问题。
1.What is the purpose of the new study
A.To test a theory. B.To evaluate a model.
C.To employ a strategy. D.To involve an approach.
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy...To examine it,Brandon Turner...and his colleagues conducted the new study.”可知,Brandon Turner和他的同事之所以展开新的研究,是为了验证之前研究提出的理论,故选A项。
√
2.What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment
A.Draw circles. B.Correct errors.
C.Copy gestures. D.Identify images.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The pigeons had to peck(啄)a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.”可知,科学家们希望鸽子可以按动左右按钮来确认图像所属的类别,也就是说,科学家希望鸽子能够识别图像,故选D项。
√
3.What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study
A.They are of equal intelligence.
B.They are good at making rules.
C.They respond rapidly to orders from humans.
D.They employ simple ways to get things done.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use”可知,研究人员的人工智能模型也使用了鸽子使用的简单的方法来处理相同的任务,这是二者的共同之处,故选D项。
√
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Pigeons’ trial-and-error method is revealed
B.Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks
C.“Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI
D.AI models after pigeons’ learning approach
√
解析　标题归纳题。根据本文第一段中的“A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence”和最后一段中的“We celebrate how smart we are...we regard pigeons as not clever animals”可知,本文首尾呼应,都讲到了原本被认为不怎么聪明的鸽子可以像人工智能一样去解决问题,故选C项。
(2025·湖北十校第一次联考)
Many robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them,but optical (光学的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view.Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form—and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.
University of California,San Diego,roboticist Wang Xiaolong and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.
The researchers attached 16 contact sensors,each costing about $12,to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand.These sensors simply indicate whether an object is touching the hand or not.“While one sensor doesn’t catch much,a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says.In this case,the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.
They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects,including balls and other irregular objects.Using information from each sensor,the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.
Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand,which successfully controlled previously unfamiliar objects such as apples,tomatoes,soup cans and rubber ducks.Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple.However,New York University’s Lerrel Pinto,who studies robots’ interactions,wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks.
So in future work,Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers.“This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object’s shape,” Wang says.The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家王小龙和他的团队通过模拟实验,探索仅用简单的触摸数据,机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。这项新的低成本技术可以让机械手“感觉”不熟悉物体的形状,并仅根据简单信息就能熟练地完成复杂任务。
5.What was the intention of the research conducted by Wang Xiaolong’s group
A.To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors.
B.To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects.
C.To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions.
D.To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“wanted to find out whether... simple touch data”可知,王小龙和他的团队想弄清,仅用简单的触摸数据,机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。
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6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The working principle of the robot hand in Wang’s research.
B.The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand.
C.The way that the robot hand captured different objects.
D.The function of the robot hand in Wang’s research.
解析　段落大意题。第三段主要讲研究人员将16个接触式传感器安装在四指机械手的手掌和手指上。这些传感器只显示一个物体是否接触到手。在这种情况下,机器人的任务是旋转放在它手掌中的物品。由此可知,第三段主要介绍了王小龙研究中机械手的工作原理。
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7.How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand’s training
A.They used real-world objects.
B.They used complex optical sensors.
C.They relied on vision-based technology.
D.They conducted simulations with the robot hand.
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解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,研究人员首先进行模拟,在虚拟机械手练习旋转包括球和其他不规则物体的物体时,收集足够的触摸数据。利用来自每个传感器的信息,该团队建立了一个计算机模型,该模型可以在处理过程的每一步确定物体的位置,并使手指平稳地旋转物体。
8.What is Wang Xiaolong’s attitude towards Pinto’s concern over the system
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Unclear. D.Dismissive.
解析　观点态度题。倒数第二段最后一句讲Pinto怀疑该系统是否会在更复杂的任务中失败。最后一段讲王小龙的团队的目标是解决更复杂的动作,并在手指侧面等地方添加传感器,他说这意味着通过触摸会获得更准确的信息,从而可以重建更精确的物体形状。由此可知,对于Pinto对他们研究现状的担忧,王小龙和他的团队是以积极的态度去应对。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湛江高三模拟)
As an assistant manager at a restaurant,I encountered a heart-warming experience.One day,a father and his young son 　1　 the restaurant and spent a very long time looking through the menu.　2　,the father came up and started asking me about 　3　 because his son was allergic (过敏的)to some food.
At some point,the boy,who was probably six or seven,　4　 me a laminated (覆膜的) card that listed all his allergens.They were a lot.It was 　5　 for me to remember them,and I didn’t know what the seasoning mixtures were,so I asked to borrow the 　6　 so I could go check.He 　7　,and off I went.
It 　8　 that many of our seasoning and sauces contained allergens for the boy.After much effort,I found a 　9　 option for him and took extra precautions due to his meat allergy.The father was grateful and explained they had 　10　 to find suitable dining options.This 　11　 the beginning of a special connection,as they became 　12　 customers,visiting at least once a week.
The positive 　13　 I received was a heartening reminder that through genuine care and understanding,we can make a 　14　.It reinforces my commitment to ensure that each guest’s experience is memorable and that they can 　15　 their unique needs.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一家餐厅的助理经理,为食物过敏的小男孩定制菜品的暖心故事。
1.A.entered B.denied C.noticed D.checked
解析　句意:一天,一位父亲和他的小儿子走进餐厅,花了很长时间浏览菜单。enter进入;deny否认;notice注意;check检查。根据下文“spent a very long time looking through the menu”可知,应是一位父亲和他的儿子先进入餐厅,然后浏览菜单,故选A项。
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2.A.Formally B.Gradually C.Immediately D.Eventually
解析　句意:最后,这位父亲走了过来,开始问我有关食物材料的问题,因为他的儿子对一些食物过敏。formally正常地;gradually逐渐地;immediately立即;eventually最后。根据上文“spent a very long time looking through the menu”可知,这位父亲花了很长时间浏览菜单。最后走过来问作者有关配料的问题,故选D项。
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3.A.expenses B.ingredients C.tastes D.quantities
解析　句意同上。expense开支;ingredient材料;成分;taste口味; quantity质量。根据下文“because his son was allergic(过敏的)to some food”可知,小男孩对一些食物过敏,所以询问的是有关食物材料的问题,故选B项。
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4.A.wrote B.drew C.handed D.lent
解析　句意:某个时候,这个可能六七岁的男孩递给我一张覆膜卡片,上面列出了他所有的过敏原。write写;draw画;hand递;lend借出。根据下文“so I asked to borrow the 　　　　”可知,男孩递给作者一张卡片,故选C项。
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5.A.interesting B.enjoyable C.useless D.impossible
解析　句意:我不可能记住它们,也不知道调料混合物是什么,所以我请求借用卡片,这样我就可以去检查了。interesting有趣的;enjoyable令人愉快的;useless无用的;impossible不可能的。根据上文“They were a lot.”可知,男孩的过敏原很多,所以作者不可能记住它们,于是要求借卡片,故选D项。
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6.A.card B.boy C.money D.menu
解析　句意同上。card卡片;boy男孩;money钱;menu菜单。根据上文“a laminated(覆膜的) card”可知,男孩给作者递了一张卡片。作者请求借卡片。card是原词复现,故选A项。
7.A.hesitated B.agreed C.cried D.laughed
解析　句意:他同意了,我就走了。hesitate犹豫;agree答应;cry哭;laugh笑。根据下文“and off I went”可知,男孩的父亲同意了作者的请求,故选B项。
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8.A.came to B.looked like C.ended up D.turned out
解析　句意:事实证明,我们的许多调味料和酱汁都含有男孩会过敏的成分。come to来到;look like看起来像;end up结果;最终;turn out结果是;事实证明。It turned out that是固定句型,意为“结果证明;事实证明”,故选D项。
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9.A.clever B.cheap C.safe D.new
解析　句意:经过努力,我为他找到了一个安全的选择,并因他对肉类过敏而采取了额外的预防措施。clever聪明的;cheap便宜的;safe安全的;new新的。根据下文“took extra precautions”可知,作者还采取了额外的预防措施,所以此处应是为小男孩找到了一个安全的选择,故选C项。
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10.A.struggled B.pretended C.decided D.forgotten
解析　句意:这位父亲很感激,并解释说他们一直在努力寻找合适的用餐选择。struggle努力;pretend假装;decide决定;forget忘记。根据本句的过去完成时态以及空后的“to find suitable dining options”可知,他们一直在努力寻找合适的用餐选择。struggle to do sth意为“努力做某事”,故选A项。
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11.A.designed B.broke C.marked D.kept
解析　句意:这标志着一种特殊联系的开始,因为他们成为了常客,每周至少来(餐馆)一次。design设计;break打破;mark标志;keep保持。根据下文“as they became 　　　　customers,visiting at least once a week.”可知,父子俩成为了餐馆的常客,所以那一次就餐标志着一种特殊联系的开始,故选C项。
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12.A.private B.regular C.normal D.curious
解析　句意:同上。private私人的;regular有规律的;经常的;normal正常的;curious好奇的。根据下文“visiting at least once a week”可知,父子俩成为了餐馆的常客,故选B项。
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13.A.lesson B.present C.envy D.response
解析　句意:我得到的积极反馈令人振奋地提醒我,通过真正的关心和理解,我们可以有所作为。lesson课;教训;present礼物;envy羡慕;response反应。根据上文“This 　　　　the beginning of a special connection,as they became 　　　　customers,visiting at least once a week.”可知,这是作者得到的积极回应,故选D项。
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14.A.difference B.change C.sense D.promise
解析　句意同上。difference差异;change改变;sense意义;promise承诺。make a difference意为“有影响;起(重要)作用”。此处指通过真正的关心和理解,我们可以有所作为,故选A项。
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15.A.accept B.promote C.tailor D.dismiss
解析　句意:这强化了我的承诺,即确保每位客人的体验都令人难忘,让顾客可以定制自己的独特需求。accept接受;promote促进;tailor定制;dismiss解雇。根据下文“their unique needs”可知,此处指定制顾客的独特需求,故选C项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·潍坊高三统考)
The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er gained the World Heritage Site status at the 45th session of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee,1.　　　　 (become) the first World Heritage Site related to tea.
The 2.　　　　　　 (new) named heritage site,located in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County in Pu’er,Yunnan Province,
3.　　　　　　 (comprise) five large-scale,well-preserved old tea forests,three protective barrier forests 4.　　　　　　 nine ancient villages in the old tea forests.
The committee said the cultural landscape is an outstanding example of a sustainable land-use system 5.　　　　　　 (base) on the combination of horizontal and vertical land-use patterns.“This land-use system permits the use of natural resources in the typically
6.　　　　　　 (mountain) environment of Jingmai Mountain and represents an exceptional example of a human interaction by Blang and Dai 7.　　　　　　 (people) with a challenging environment.”
Chen Yaohua,director of Peking University’s World Heritage Research Center,said the tea-growing technique on the Jingmai Mountain is quite unique,particularly in these years 8.
large-scale terraced (阶梯形的) tea plantations play a dominant role in the world.It represents the ecological ethics (伦理) and 9.
(wise) that can inspire sustainable development in the world today.
The local government of Pu’er and the Yunnan provincial authorities have released three laws and seven regulations focusing
10.　　　　　　 the protection of the cultural landscape resources.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观被列入世界遗产名录,还介绍了该文化景观的特色和价值等。
1.becoming　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语。become与其逻辑主语“The Cultural Landscape...in Pu’er”之间是主谓关系,用动词-ing形式作状语,故填becoming。]
2.newly　[考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词化的过去分词named,应填副词,故填newly。]
3.comprises　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据句意可知,此处描述客观事实,故使用一般现在时;句子的主语The newly named heritage site表示第三人称单数概念,故填comprises。]
4.and　[考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,设空前后是并列关系,故填and。]
5.based　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中is为宾从的谓语动词,空处作非谓语。逻辑主语land-use system与base之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语,故填based。]
6.mountainous　[考查词性转换。修饰空后名词environment,应用形容词。故填mountainous。]
7.peoples　[考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词作宾语,此处表示“布朗族和傣族人”。people在此为可数名词,意为“民族”,故填peoples。]
8.when　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为these years,从句中缺时间状语,故填when。]
9.wisdom　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处与ethics构成并列关系,此处用wise的名词形式,故填wisdom。]
10.on　[考查介词。此处考查固定搭配focus on“集中于……”,故填on。]
单词聚焦 A Para.1:strategy n.策略;Para.2:category n.类别;
accuracy n.准确性;Para.3:primitive adj.原始的
B Para.1:track v.跟踪;追踪;block v.挡住;
Para.4:smoothly adv.流畅地;平稳地;
Para.5:transfer v.使转移;Para.6:complement v.补足,补充
熟词生义 A Para.5:celebrate　熟义:vt.庆祝;生义:vt.赞扬
B Para.5:can 　熟义:modal verb能,可以　生义:n.金属罐
词块 积累 A Para.1:tackle problems处理问题;
Para.2:visual images视觉图像;
Para.3:complex visual categorization复杂视觉分类;
Para.5:similar to类似于
B Para.1:take in接收;看到;注意到
长 难 句 式 A Para.1:A new study reveals that pigeons can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence,enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans.
[分析]　第一个that引导宾语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词tasks;现在分词短语enabling them to solve difficult tasks作状语。
[译文]　一项新的研究表明,鸽子可以像人工智能一样处理一些问题,使它们能够解决一些人类也难以解决的困难任务。

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