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选择性必修第二册　UNIT 2　Sports culture
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.unintentionally adv. 无意地,非故意地
2.motto n. 格言,座右铭
3.boundary n. 边界,分界线
4.literally adv. 真正地,确实地;按字面,字面上
5.humanity n. (统称)人,人类;人性;人道,仁慈
6.session n. 一段时间,一场;会议,开庭;学年
7.celebrity n. 名人;名望
8.council n. 政务委员会,地方议会;市政服务机构;委员会
9.league n. 联赛;等级,级别
10.ankle n. 踝,踝关节
11.waist n. 腰,腰部;(衣服的)腰部
12.venue n. 活动场地
13.constitution n. 体质,身体素质;宪法,章程
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.make joint efforts　 做出共同努力
2.proceed to become the world heavyweight champion继续成为世界重量级拳击冠军
3.light the Olympic flame 点燃奥林匹克圣火
4.the secret of her consistent good performance 她一直表现良好的秘密
5.the upward trend for Chinese sport 中国体育的上升趋势
6.his fellow workers 他的同事们
7.work as an amateur journalist 做一名业余记者
8.tears pouring down his cheeks 眼泪从他的脸颊上流下来
9.sports idioms 体育习语
10.make an unfair remark 发表不公平的评论
11.the rank of captain 船长的职位
12.a relay team 接力队
13.handle the crisis 处理这场危机
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.participate vi.　　 参加,参与
participation n. 参加,参与
participant n. 参与者;参加者
2.compete vi. 参加比赛;竞争
competitor n. 竞争者;比赛者
competition n. 比赛;竞争
competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的
3.race n. 种族;赛跑
racial adj. 种族的;种族间的
4.diverse adj. 多种多样的,不同的
diversity n. 多样性
5.motivate vt. 激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
motivation n. 动机;积极性
6.demonstrate vt. 表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示
vi. 游行示威
demonstration n. 示范;证明;游行示威
7.applaud vi.& vt. 称赞,赞许;鼓掌
applause n. 鼓掌;喝彩
8.elect vt. 选举,推选
election n. 选举,推选;当选
9.faith n. 信心;宗教信仰
faithful adj. 忠实的
faithfully adv. 忠诚地,忠实地;如实地
10.ambition n. 追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志
ambitious adj. 有雄心的;有野心的
ambitiously adv. 有野心地
11.identify vt. 确认;鉴定
identity n. 身份;同一性
identical adj. 完全同样的
identification n. 鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明
12.gradual adj. 逐渐的,逐步的
gradually adv. 逐渐地,逐步地
13.limit n. 限度,限制;限量,限额;界限
vt. 限制,限定;限量,减量
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
limitation n. 范围;限制
14.oppose vt. 反对
opposing adj. 对抗的;相反的
opposed adj. 强烈反对;截然不同
opponent n. 对手,竞争者;反对者
plain vi.& vt. 抱怨,投诉
complaint n. 抱怨
16.cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的,残酷的
cruelty n. 残酷,残忍
cruelly adv. 残酷地
17.humble adj. 谦逊的;不大的
vt. 谦逊
humility n. 谦逊,谦虚
18.grace n. 高雅,文雅;优美;风度,体面
graceful adj. 优美的,优雅的
gracefully adv. 优美地;优雅地
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.at the opening ceremony 在开幕式上
2.realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
3.track and field 田径运动
4.in the process of 在……过程中
5.walk on air 欢天喜地,得意扬扬
6.in the ballpark 差不多
7.throw in the towel 认输,承认失败
8.side by side 肩并肩地,一起;相互支持
9.find one’s way into 偶然来到,无意中处于
10.score an own goal 进乌龙球;无意中做让自己吃亏的事
11.pick up 捡起;获得;收拾;(开车)接人;不费力地学会
12.die out 灭绝
13.call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事
14.bring...back to life 使……复活
15.participate in 参加,参与
16.be identical to 与……一样
17.reflect on 思考;反省
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1. It was a Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. (强调句型)
是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。
2.His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace. (that引导表语从句)
他的梦想是奥运会可以帮助不同种族、不同文化的人们和平地生活在一起。
3.I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. (even though引导让步状语从句)
我轻松自信地跑着比赛,尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。
4.If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests,they are said to have scored an own goal. (be said/reported/...to have done)
如果某人犯了一个严重的错误,无意中损害了自己的利益,他们就被称为“进了乌龙球”。
5.When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own,the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight. (too...to...)
当一名拳击手输得很惨,并且因太累或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时,教练就会扔一条毛巾到擂台上,示意结束对抗。
词汇横拓串记
后缀 ty名词集锦 盘点“运动员”相关名词 life相关短语荟萃
①cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴 ②certain→certainty必然的事 ③safe→safety安全 ④loyal→loyalty忠诚 ⑤active→activity活动 ⑥necessary→necessity必然性 ①amateur业余选手 ②professional职业选手 ③athlete运动员 ④competitor竞争者 ⑤captain队长 ⑥champion冠军 ①come to life苏醒;变得活跃 ②live/lead a...life过着……生活 ③come back to life苏醒过来 ④bring...back to life给……活力 ⑤start/make a new life 开始新生活
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.the Olympic motto　　 奥林匹克格言
2.push the boundaries of human achievement
突破人类成就的极限
3.build a better future for humanity 为人类建设更美好的未来
4.sprain/break your ankle 扭伤/折断你的踝关节
5.become a web celebrity 成为一个网络名人
6.have their own football leagues 有他们自己的足球联盟
7.unintentionally harm their own interests
无意中损害了他们自己的利益
8.the local council 地方议会
9.hit the opponent below the waist 打对手腰部以下
10.literally throw a towel into the ring真的把一条毛巾扔进擂台
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.proceed vi.　 接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往
2.flame n. 火焰,火舌
3.rank vi.& vt. 属于某等级,把……分等级;排列,使排成行
n. 地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔
4.amateur n. 业余运动员,业余爱好者;生手,外行
adj. 业余的
5.handle vt. 处理,应付;控制,操纵;搬动
n. 把手,拉手;柄
6.idiom n. 习语,成语
7.remark n. 谈论,言论
　　　vi.& vt. 说起,评论
8.cheek n. 面颊,脸颊
9.pour vt.& vi. 倒,斟;倾倒,倒出;涌流,倾泻;
下大雨
10.trend n. 趋势,趋向
11.joint adj. 联合的,共同的
n. 关节;接合处
12.consistent adj. 一致的,始终如一的;连续的
Ⅲ.派生单词
1. participate vi.　　 参加,参与
participation n. 参加,参与
participant n. 参与者;参加者
2.motivate vt. 激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
motivation n. 动机;积极性
3.complain vi.& vt. 抱怨,投诉
complaint n. 抱怨
4.applaud vi.& vt. 称赞,赞许;鼓掌
applause n. 鼓掌;喝彩
5.identify vt. 确定;鉴定
identical adj. 完全同样的
identification n. 鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明
identity n. 身份;同一性
6.limit n. 限度,限制;限量,限额;界限
vt. 限制,限定;限量,减量
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
limitation n. 范围;限制
7.cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的,残酷的
cruelty n. 残酷,残忍
cruelly adv. 残酷地
8.oppose vt. 反对
opposing adj. 对抗的;相反的
opposed adj. 强烈反对;截然不同
opponent n. 对手,竞争者;反对者
9.faith n. 信心;宗教信仰
faithful adj. 忠实的
faithfully adv. 忠诚地,忠实地;如实地
pete vi. 参加比赛;竞争
competitor n. 竞争者;比赛者
competition n. 比赛;竞争
competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的
11.diverse adj. 多种多样的,不同的
diversity n. 多样性
12.ambition n. 追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志
ambitious adj. 有雄心的;有野心的
ambitiously adv. 有野心地
13.race n. 种族;赛跑
racial adj. 种族的;种族间的
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.at the opening ceremony 在开幕式上
2.call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事
3.walk on air 欢天喜地,得意扬扬
4.in the process of 在……过程中
5.throw in the towel 认输,承认失败
6.realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
7.bring...back to life 使……复活
8.side by side 肩并肩地,一起;相互支持
9.participate in 参加,参与
10.reflect on 思考;反省
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:too...to...
The mother was too moved to control her tears and threw her arms around her children.
母亲太感动了,无法控制眼泪,伸出双臂搂住她的孩子们。
2.句型公式:that引导表语从句
What made me astonished most was that I won the first prize and Anne won the second prize. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
最让我吃惊的是,我获得了一等奖,而安妮获得了二等奖。
3.句型公式:be said/reported/...to have done
This book is reported to have been translated into many different languages.
据报道,这本书已被翻译成了多种不同的语言。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.I’m old enough to handle my own affairs without my parents’ intervention.
2.As long as we make joint efforts,all these problems will be solved.
3.The weather is extremely bad, with heavy rain pouring and strong wind blowing.
4.At that moment,happiness and the feeling of being moved mingled,welling up into my heart,tears rolling down my cheeks.
5.This trend has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease.
6.He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition. (compete)
2.The audience applauded the performer and the thunderous applause moved him to tears. (applaud)
3.People from diverse cultures hold different understandings on the play and this diversity of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting. (diverse)
4.For all the participants,the activity is a good opportunity and the participation in the activity will further strengthen your overall competence. (participate)
5.I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years,and I think he is a faithful and honest friend. (faith)
Ⅲ.短语填空
participate in　walk on air　throw in the towel　reflect on　side by side　
1.The young man lay on the grass quietly,reflecting on what had happened that day.
2.Everyday isn’t going to be smooth sailing and there will be times when you want to throw in the towel.
3.Besides studying at school,he often participates in some out of school activities.
4.Victory makes the amateur walk on air while failure makes him lost in despair.
5.He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jack,1.an amateur sportsman, participated in diverse competitions and demonstrated his ambition and faith.
At the beginning,he took up track and field.He was always the first 2.to do (do) training in the court.Thanks to his 3.consistent (consist) efforts,he 4.ranked (rank) first in a half marathon. Afterwards,he took an interest in the men’s 100 meter hurdles,5.which were difficult to handle.But he didn’t throw in the towel.In the end,he defeated all the opponents in a match.When 6.rewarded (reward) with a prize,he couldn’t help bursting into tears.His motto was:Win with humility,lose with grace, 7.and do both with dignity.
Jack was also an unselfish man.He committed 8.himself (he) to doing voluntary work to help people in need and called 9.on others to participate in the relay race. Motivated by his spirit,more people began to do the identical cause.He held the firm belief that only by joint efforts and solidarity could we build a more 10.harmonious (harmony) world.
1.participate vi.参加,参与→participant n.参加者;参与者→participation n.参加;参与
佳句背诵　
I think it is a good chance for you to participate in the English Speaking Competition. (建议信)
我认为参加英语演讲比赛对你来说是一个好机会。
participate in 参与;参加;加入
participate in social activities 参与社会活动
以练促学　单句语法填空
①Silently,he just stared at the other participants (participate) who were warming up, without saying anything. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
教考衔接　单句写作
②To participate in the competition, students must submit an original essay in English, not exceeding 500 words. (通知,2024·九省联考)
要参加这项比赛,学生必须提交一篇不超过500字的英文原创文章。
2.compete vi.参加比赛;竞争→competitor n.竞争者;比赛者→competition n.比赛;竞争→
competitive adj.有竞争力的;竞争的
佳句背诵　
I’m writing to invite you to compete in the upcoming marathon. (邀请信)
我写信邀请你参加即将到来的马拉松比赛。
compete in 参加……的比赛;在……方面竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against 和……竞争
in competition with 与……竞争
以练促学　语段训练
①Even though she had to compete with/against many competitive competitors,she had faith in herself and competed in the relay race.The competition was tough and many competitors had an advantage over her,but she managed to enter the final.
尽管她不得不与许多有竞争力的选手竞争,但她对自己很有信心,并参加了接力赛。比赛很激烈,许多选手都比她有优势,但她设法进入了决赛。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Our school’s English newspaper is excited to announce an essay competition themed Act Together, Save Food. (通知,2024·九省联考)
我们学校的英文报纸很高兴地宣布一个以“携手行动,节约粮食”为主题的征文比赛。
3.rank vi.& vt.属于某等级,把……分等级;排列,使排成行 n.地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔
佳句背诵　
Learning you ranked first in the competition,I am writing to express my congratulations. (祝贺信)
得知你在比赛中排名第一,我写信表示祝贺。
rank high/first 名列前茅/第一
rank...as... 把……评为……;把……分等级
the first rank 一流的
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Chinese team got 40 gold medals,ranking (rank) first of all the countries that competed in Paris Olympics.
②His performance in the piano competition was of the first rank.
他在钢琴比赛中的表现堪称一流。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks (rank) among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. (2023·全国甲卷)
4.faith n.信心;宗教信仰;信任→faithful adj.忠实的→faithfully adv.忠实地;如实地
佳句背诵　
Mort had belief/faith in me,saying that he was more than pleased to do me a favor.
莫特对我很有信心,他说他非常乐意帮我一个忙。
have/lose faith in 对……有/失去信心
rebuild one’s faith in 重拾对……的信心
以练促学　单句写作
①Not only will her generosity help those in need rebuild their faith in life,but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.　她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境中的人重拾生活的信心,而且还能激励更多的人加入这样的善举。
教考衔接　单句写作
②It was my teacher’s help and my strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
正是我的老师的帮助和我坚定的信心,最终会让一些不寻常的事情发生。
5.limit n.限度;限制;限量,限额;界限vt.限制;限定;限量,减量→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的
佳句背诵　
You are required to limit your essay to 800 words.If your essay is beyond the limit,it will not be accepted. (征文)
要求你的文章限制在800词以内。如果你的文章超过限度,将不被采纳。
set a limit to/on 限制……
beyond the limit 超过限度
without limit 无限制地
There is a/no limit to(to为介词) ……是有限的/无限的
limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①A man’s life is limited,but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people. (limit)
②The natural resources are so limited that we have no reason to waste them without limit.
自然资源如此有限,我们没有理由无限制地浪费它们。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting (limit) garbage cans and avoiding single use plastic. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
6.remark n.[C]谈论,言论 vi.& vt.说起,评论(comment)→remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
佳句背诵　
He made no remark,but a trace of smile crept onto his face. (2022·浙江1月卷)
他一言不发,但脸上渐渐露出了一丝微笑。
make remarks/a remark on/upon/about...
就……发表评论/意见
remark on/upon 对……进行评论
以练促学　一句多译
①我们都同意他提出的建议:不要评论别人的私事。
→We are all in favor of his suggestion that we shouldn’t remark on/upon others’ private affairs. (remark v.)
→We are all in favor of his suggestion that we shouldn’t make remarks/a remark on/upon others’ private affairs. (remark n.)
教考衔接　单句写作
②I am thrilled to share with you the remarkable journey of China’s 75 years of progress.
(建议信,2024·北京卷)
我很激动地与你分享中国75年来令人瞩目的进步历程。
7.call on sb to do sth正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事
佳句背诵　
Last but not least,we should call on citizens to take the bus instead of driving a car as much as possible. (倡议书)
同样重要的是,我们应该呼吁市民尽可能选择搭乘公交而非驾车出行。
call up 给……打电话;(使)想起
call off 取消
call for 要求;需要;去接某人
call at 拜访(地点);(火车等)停留
call in 邀请;请来
call on/upon 拜访(某人);号召;要求
以练促学　用call短语填空
①This picture called up memories of my taking part in that half marathon.
②The council announces that the conference is called off so we can go home now.
③Sometimes situations call for us to be strong and brave enough to proceed with our dreams.
④The children called at their house to tell them about the plan of selling popcorn.
教考衔接　 单句写作
⑤To make our contributions,we students can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. (海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
为了做出我们的贡献,我们学生可以发传单,呼吁更多的人保护海洋。
8.find one’s way into偶然来到,无意中处于
佳句背诵　
Since sport is an inseparable part of day to day life,there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language.
由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,有许多体育习语已经进入日常语言。
make one’s way to/towards... 前往;到……地方去
find one’s way (to...) 找到正确的路(去某地)
feel one’s way (黑暗中)摸索着走;谨慎行事
fight one’s way 挤出一条路
give way to 让步;屈服;被……代替
以练促学　单句写作
①He struggled to fight his way through the crowd to buy Christmas gifts. (动作描写)
他努力在人群中挤出一条路来买圣诞礼物。
②There comes a time when the old must give way to the new,and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
教考衔接　单句写作
③We gathered at the school gate at 8 am on weekend and then made our way to the nearby farm to pick fruits. (活动介绍)
我们周末八点在学校门口聚集,然后去了附近的农场摘水果。
片段巩固 用participate;compete;rank;faith;limit;remark;call on sb to do sth完成“运动会”片段
写作提示:运动会前:老师号召学生积极参与,鼓励他们对自己有信心,不被困难所限制→运动场上:学生激烈竞争以获得好名次→运动会后:老师发表了讲话并表扬了每一位参与者。
　　Before the sports meeting, the teacher called on students to participate actively and encouraged them to have faith in themselves and not be limited by difficulties. On the playground,they competed fiercely with each other to get a good rank. After the sports meeting,the teacher made a remark and praised all participants.
句型公式:too+adj./adv.+to...
课本原句:When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own,the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.
当一名拳击手输得很惨,并且因太累或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时,教练就会扔一条毛巾到擂台上,示意结束对抗。
佳句背诵　
When the teacher asked me to answer a question,I was always too nervous to answer it, which made me very sad.
当老师让我回答问题时,我总是很紧张,回答不出来,这让我很难过。
(1)too+adj./adv.+to do sth意为 “太……而不能……”, 表示否定意义。
(2)too+glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious/...+to do sth意为“太……而做……”,表示肯定意义。
以练促学　单句写作/同义句转换
①I am too pleased to help you with your homework.
我很乐意帮你做作业。
②I was so young that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.
教考衔接　单句写作
③Upon seeing him again, I was too excited to say anything. I presented him with a gift as a gesture of gratitude. (情绪描写,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
再次见到他时,我激动得什么也说不出来。我送了他一份礼物,以表达我的感激之情。
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
(2021·全国乙卷) vi.不断涌向
2.He is seriously ill,and this condition can lead to severe joint pain. n.关节
3.The game was relayed by satellite to audience all over the world. vt.播放,转播
4.He was soon promoted to the rank of captain. n.军衔;军阶
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.demonstrate vt.表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,
演示 vi.游行示威
①The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition. vt.证实,证明
②An expert will demonstrate how these objects work together. vt.示范,演示
③They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education. vt.游行示威
2.handle vt.处理,应付;控制,操纵;搬动 n.把手,拉手;柄
①These pieces of glassware are valuable,so they handle them with great care. vt.搬动
②I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car. vt.控制,操纵
③The little girl turned the handle and opened the door,which surprised her parents. n.把手,拉手
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Much to my surprise, I beat a lot of participants (participate) and won the first prize. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.I was gradually (gradual) overwhelmed by a strong sense of joy and happiness. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition (compete). (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
4.After Lincoln was elected (elect)President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and sold most of their furniture. (2021·浙江6月卷)
5.They rank him as a realistic painter,who has gained a good reputation.
6.My time is limited (limit),so I will limit myself to two aspects of the problem.
7.Only the person who has faith in himself is able to be faithful to others.
8.They had to call off the meeting due to bad weather.
9.In a way,cinemas have gradually given way to the Internet and cell phones.
10.If you wish to make a complaint (complain) about that,you should see the manager.
11.It was the two witnesses who/that gave the accurate evidence to the police.
12.If your words aren’t consistent with your behaviour,you will be investigated.
维度三　完成句子
1.It is your persistence that really matters when you chase your dream.
追求你的梦想时,真正重要的是你的坚持。
2.Even though he was seriously hurt in the car accident,he finally recovered from it.
尽管他在交通事故中严重受伤,但最后他康复了。
3.She told us to apply ourselves to studying so that we could realize our dreams.
她告诉我们要专心学习,这样才能实现我们的梦想。
4.My teacher exclaimed,“In the process of writing,you must have suffered defeats and hardships.”　我的老师感叹道:“在写作的过程中,你一定经历过失败和艰辛。”
5. Due to pollution, many species are dying out, which is alarming for us.
由于污染,许多物种正在灭绝,这是令我们震惊的。
6.The doctor’s skill and efforts brought the patients back to life.
这位医生的技术和努力使得病人们起死回生。
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(告知信——越野赛跑)
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)假定你是李华,你的好友Bob对上周日你校举办的5千米越野赛跑活动感兴趣,请你写信告诉他活动的相关内容,内容包括:
1.介绍活动;
2.活动反响。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①得知你对我校举办的越野跑步比赛表现出极大的兴趣,我现在写信对此作详细评述。 (remark,现在分词短语作状语)
Learning that you show great interest in the cross country running race held in our school,I’m writing to make remarks on it in detail.
②为了丰富我们的校园生活,我们学校上周日组织了一场5千米越野跑步比赛,我积极参加了这场比赛。 (participate,非限制性定语从句)
In order to enrich our campus life,our school organized a 5km cross country running race last Sunday,which I actively participated in.
③来自二十个班的九十名学生怀着完成比赛的信念相互竞争。 (compete,faith)
Ninety students from twenty classes competed with each other with the faith of finishing the race.
④当接近终点线时,我们大多数人都累得不能继续跑下去,但没有人放弃。 (too...to...,状语从句的省略)
When approaching the finish line,most of us were too tired to continue,but no one gave up.
⑤比赛结束后,我们评价这次比赛不仅为我们提供了锻炼身体的机会,而且让我们更加意志坚定。 (remark,not only...but also...)
After the race,we remarked that the race not only provided a chance for us to exercise,but also made us more determined.
⑥我们确实希望我们今后能参与更多类似的活动。 (强调句)
We do wish that we could participate in more similar activities in the future.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Dear Bob,
Learning that you show great interest in the cross country running race held in our school,I’m writing to make remarks on it in detail.
In order to enrich our campus life,our school organized a 5km cross country running race last Sunday,which I actively participated in.Ninety students from twenty classes competed with each other with the faith of finishing the race.When approaching the finish line,most of us were too tired to continue,but no one gave up.After the race,we remarked that the race not only provided a chance for us to exercise,but also made us more determined.
We do wish that we could participate in more similar activities in the future.
Yours,
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:二战期间,莉娜和她家人们到了美国加州,跟匈牙利的一切都断了联系,包括她的好朋友莫妮卡。她们在分别之前,约定一起买了象征她们友谊的围巾。几十年后,莉娜的孙女伊丽莎从大学毕业要去面试工作,莉娜就把围巾给了她,希望给孙女带来好运。伊丽莎去餐馆庆祝自己可能得到的那份工作,旁边的一位老妇人说伊丽莎长得像自己的故友,也戴着一条一样的围巾。伊丽莎猜测那个老妇人可能是自己奶奶的故友。
场景续写1:
伊丽莎自我介绍,等待着听到女士的名字→莫妮卡自我介绍→伊丽莎邀请莫妮卡去见一个人→老妇人同意了
Eliza introduced herself and waited to hear the name of the other woman.　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
她们走了一小段路来到莉娜的家,按响了门铃→莉娜一开门,震惊地站在那儿一动不动→立刻认出了彼此→紧紧地拥抱在一起→二人聊了很久,回忆起过去的点点滴滴
They walked the short distance to Lena’s home and rang the doorbell.　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Eliza introduced herself and waited to hear the name of the other woman.“My name’s Monika,dear.I’m originally from Hungary,but my family had to leave and I’ve been living here ever since.” Eliza could not believe it,stories of her grandmother’s best friend floating into her mind.Assuming that the old woman must be her grandmother’s best friend,she said,“Grandma,would you mind coming with me right now I need to show you somebody.” The old woman agreed.On the way,Monika felt her heart was thumping with excitement.
They walked the short distance to Lena’s home and rang the doorbell.The moment Lena opened the door,she was rooted to the ground due to the amazement at seeing her childhood friend standing in front of her.Although their faces showed signs of age,the two best friends recognized each other immediately.Both of them were in tears,hugging each other tightly.Time seemed to cease to witness the great moment.The two of them talked for a long time afterwards,recalling about their past events.
　　(江苏卷阅读B)
In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park,Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before:he couldn’t find the park’s volcano.It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us,when we talk about volcanoes,think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,which are created when erupting magma (岩浆)piles up.These can form remarkably quickly.In 1943,a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth,all but a few hundred of them extinct.There is,however,a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack,leaving behind a vast hole,the caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of this second type,but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow up for one of the visitors’ centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos,he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在黄石公园探寻火山的故事。
58.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone
A.Its complicated geographical features.
B.Its ever lasting influence on tourism.
C.The mysterious history of the park.
D.The exact location of the volcano.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.”可知,他困惑的是到处都看不到火山,故选D项。]
59.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A.The shapes of volcanoes.
B.The impacts of volcanoes.
C.The activities of volcanoes.
D.The heights of volcanoes.
答案　A　[段落大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山,一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体,还有一种极具爆发力、有巨大洞口的火山,即列举了两种火山形态,故选A项。]
60.What does the underlined word “blow up” in the last paragraph most probably mean
A.Hot air balloon. B.Digital camera.
C.Big photograph. D.Bird’s view.
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“NASA decided to...by taking paragraphs of Yellowstone”和第三段中的“As soon as Christiansen saw...—2.2 million acres—was caldera.”可知,NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片,因此Christiansen能在照片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知,blow up意为“放大的照片”,故选C项。]
思维建模
词义猜测题的五种解题方法
以例示法(如60题)
语境法解题
根据第三段前两句“Just at this time NASA decided...a nice blow up for one of the visitors’ centers.”可知,美国国家航空航天局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位考虑周到的官员把其中一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门,他认为这些照片可以被放大以供游客中心展示。故可知,此处意为将照片放大,选C。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:volcanic adj.火山的;steamy adj.蒸汽的;Para.2:remarkably adv.显著地;extinct adj.灭绝的;explosive adj.爆炸性的;Para.3:altitude n.高度;thoughtful adj.周到的;scale n.规模 Para.1:account for解释,说明;Para.2:pile up堆积; a second type第二种类型;leave behind留下; Para.3:pass on传递;as soon as一……就……; at some time in the past在过去某个时候;far beyond远超
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack,leaving behind a vast hole,the caldera. [句式分析]　该句子中they burst open in a single big crack为so...that...引导的结果状语从句;leaving behind a vast hole为现在分词短语作结果状语;the caldera作a vast hole的同位语。 [尝试翻译]　这些火山爆炸性极强,会在一个大裂缝中猛然爆发,留下一个巨大的洞,即火山口。 [语言赏析]　句中so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack描述了火山的爆发力,让读者感受到火山爆发的震撼。这句话使用了so...that...结构强化了火山爆发的程度,动词和形容词的精准运用使句子富有表现力。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·昆明“三诊一模”高三质量检测)
In Takoma Park,Maryland,in suburban Washington,people,adults or students,lined up at a pay phone outside a restaurant several times a week.
“Once I put the phone out there,it just took off,” said David Schulman,a Takoma Park violinist who created the Bird Calls Phone.Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow crowned night heron (夜鹭),7 to hear a pileated (有羽冠的) woodpecker’s call and 9 for the distinct scream of a red tailed hawk.Instructions about how to use the phone are in three languages:English,Spanish and Amharic—a reflection of Takoma Park’s Ethiopian community.In all,10 birds native to the Takoma Park area are featured.
Studies show in addition to being fun,listening to birdsong can reduce stress and anxiety.Even hearing recordings of birds can relieve negative emotions.After noticing an abandoned,nonworking pay phone in town,Schulman wondered if he could turn it into something appealing.He said,“I really like the old technology of just picking up a receiver,pressing one button and having something happen.”Schulman thought bringing bird sounds to the abandoned phone was a way to add a bit of nature to the neighborhood.
Takoma Park city officials agreed,and they budgeted $5,000 to complete the project.Schulman reached out to the Macaulay Library in Ithaca,New York,which agreed to send him a few dozen recordings of native birds.He then managed to gain the help of Branden Hall,a software engineer and artist,to rewire the phone to play different bird calls.Schulman said he persuaded several of his friends to record short descriptions of each bird to go with the calls.
“One thing I like about the Bird Calls Phone is that it’s the opposite of a loud broadcast,”Schulman said.“Only one person can listen at a time,and each person will take away their own unique experience.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了塔科马帕克的小提琴家David Schulman发明鸟叫电话的故事。人们通过按电话按钮可以听到不同鸟类的叫声,从而起到缓解压力的作用。
1.What will listeners hear if they press buttons on the pay phone
A.The calls of native birds.
B.Songs in different languages.
C.Descriptions of local creatures.
D.Instructions on reducing stress.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow crowned...distinct scream of a red tailed hawk.”可知,听众按下付费电话上的按钮会听到本地不同鸟类的叫声,故选A项。]
2.Which of the following best describes David Schulman
A.Observant and nature loving.
B.Diligent and easy going.
C.Serious and public spirited.
D.Ambitious and kind hearted.
答案　A　[推理判断题。本文第三段中的“After noticing an abandoned...into something appealing.”可知,David Schulman通过观察发明了Bird Calls Phone,这说明他是一个善于观察的人。同时该段最后一句话谈到Schulman认为,将鸟儿的声音上传至废弃的电话是为社区增添自然气息的一种方式。由此可推知,他是一个既善于观察又热爱大自然的人,故选A项。]
3.What can be inferred about the project
A.It encourages art appreciation.
B.It presents the harmony among birds.
C.It turns loud broadcasts into private phones.
D.It receives broad support from the community.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述可知,Schulman获得了当地官员、纽约伊萨卡的麦考利图书馆及软件工程师兼艺术家Branden Hall的多方帮助。由此可知,这个项目得到了社会各界的广泛支持,故选D项。]
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.A Violinist Specializes in Ecology
B.Pick up the Phone,Hear Birdsong
C.Close to Nature,Far From Depression
D.Turn Trash into Treasure in Washington
答案　B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了David Schulman发明了一个电话,人们按下不同的按钮就会听到不同的鸟叫,故B项“拿起电话,听到鸟鸣”最适合作本文的标题,故选B项。]
(2025·东北师大附中高三模拟)
Proper questioning has become a lost art.The curious four year old asks a lot of questions—incessant streams of “Why ”and “Why not ”which might sound familiar,but as we grow older,our questioning decreases.In a recent survey of more than 200 of our clients,we found that those with children estimated that 70%-80% of their kids’ dialogues with others were comprised of questions.But those same clients said that only 15%-25% of their own interactions consisted of questions.Why the drop off
Think back to your time growing up and in school.Chances are you received the most recognition or reward when you got the correct answers.Later in life,that motivator continues.At work,we often reward those who answer questions,not those who ask them.Questioning conventional wisdom can even lead to being distanced,or considered a threat.
Because expectations for decision making have gone from “get it done soon” to “get it done now” to “it should have been done yesterday”,we tend to jump to conclusions instead of asking more questions.And the unfortunate side effect of not asking enough questions is poor decision making.That’s why it’s vital that we slow down and take the time to ask more and better questions.At best,we’ll arrive at better conclusions.At worst,we’ll avoid a lot of reworking later on.
Aside from not speaking up enough,many professionals don’t think about how different types of questions can lead to different outcomes.We should lead a conversation by asking the right kinds of questions,based on the problem we’re trying to solve.In some cases,we’ll want to expand our view of the problem rather than keeping it narrowly focused.In others,we may want to challenge basic assumptions or confirm our understanding in order to feel more confident in our conclusions.Therefore,asking the right kinds of questions is what counts in achieving a goal.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“恰当的提问已经成为一门失传的艺术”这一现象,分析了该现象产生的原因,并鼓励人们恰当地提问。
5.What does the underlined word “incessant” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A.Constant. B.Random.
C.Noisy. D.Innocent.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段“The curious four year old”以及“as we grow older,our questioning decreases”可知,好奇的四岁孩子会没完没了地问“为什么 ”和“为什么不呢 ”所以画线词的意思是“持续不断的”,故选A项。]
6.What accounts for the decline of questioning in adulthood
A.One poses a threat to the company if they ask questions.
B.Those who ask questions don’t necessarily get positive feedback.
C.One doesn’t have as many opportunities as they did in childhood.
D.Those who question popular beliefs don’t have interpersonal skills.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Think back...not those who ask them.”可知,提问题的人不一定能得到积极的反馈,这是导致人们成年后提问次数减少的原因,故选B项。]
7.What can we infer from paragraph 3
A.Redoing is unavoidable despite thoughtful questions.
B.Better questions can surely result in desirable outcomes.
C.Some people think it can’t be too fast to make a decision.
D.We’ll make reasonable decisions as long as we ask questions.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Because expectations...poor decision making.”可知,人们对决策的期望不断提升,往往更倾向于草率下结论,不去提出更多问题。未充分提问的副作用是糟糕的决策。由此可推出,有些人认为做决定不能太快,故选C项。]
8.What might the author continue talking about
A.Proper questions that should be raised.
B.Important goals that we are to achieve.
C.Right kinds of answers to the questions.
D.The reasons for the loss of questioning art.
答案　A　[推理判断题。首先根据题干关键信息continue talking about定位原文最后一句“Therefore,asking the right kinds of questions is what counts in achieving a goal.”,再根据这句话推断出,作者接下来可能会继续谈论如何恰当地提问,故选A项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·山西名校高三联考)
Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness.She had hoped for Biology,but it was 　1　 by the time she got to choose.She loved everything about science,from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things.But 　2　 was so...unscientific.
The first class project was self portraits (肖像).Some students were drawing self portraits using 　3　.Others were working from photographs.Alia 　4　 the incomplete outlines,feeling like a cat in a dog show.
The teacher 　5　 her.“Every portrait begins with a circle,” he said.“Then you create a series of lines.” To 　6　,he drew a group of small,quick portraits.He began each one with a 　7　,some straight lines,and a triangle (三角形) to 　8　 where the eyes,nose,and chin (下巴) should go.
　9　,Alia began her own self portrait.She 　10　 the basic form of a head,the way she had been shown.From there,she used lines to plot the 　11　 of her face.The process took patience and 　12　.She had to take note of each detail.One wrong measurement could throw off the whole 　13　.
Alia was surprised by the structure and discipline involved in drawing a portrait.Measuring,studying details and 　14　 the basic nature of something 　15　 her of what she loved about science.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了因病没能选上生物课的Alia被迫学了美术,并在老师的指导下尝试画肖像,最终发现美术和科学也有共通点的故事。
1.A.full B.changeable
C.busy D.tough
答案　A　[句意:她本来希望选生物课,但等她选课的时候,生物课已经满了。full满的;changeable可改变的;busy忙的;tough艰难的。根据上文“Alia found herself disappointed...missing out on picking her classes due to illness.”可知,Alia由于生病而错过了选课,因此此处应该是说当她选课的时候,生物课已经被选满了,故选A项。]
2.A.biology B.art
C.physics D.medicine
答案　B　[句意:但是艺术是如此……不科学的。biology生物;art艺术;physics物理;medicine医学。根据上文中的“drawing studio”及下文“The first class project was self portraits (肖像).”可知,她最终选的是美术课,故选B项。]
3.A.artbooks B.glass
C.brushes D.mirrors
答案　D　[句意:一些学生正在用镜子画自画像。artbooks画册,画集;glass眼镜;brushes刷子;mirrors镜子。根据“Others were working from photographs.”可知,此处指出一些学生画自画像的方式是参考镜子里呈现的样子,故选D项。]
4.A.cared for B.searched for
C.glanced at D.get rid of
答案　C　[句意:Alia瞥了一眼那些不完整的轮廓,感觉就像一只猫在狗展上。care for照顾,关心;search for搜寻;glance at一瞥,扫视;get rid of清理,清除。根据上下文可知,Alia对美术不感兴趣,因此此处应该是说她瞥了一眼不完整的轮廓,故选C项。]
5.A.punished B.approached
C.blamed D.requested
答案　B　[句意:老师走近她。punish惩罚;approach靠近;blame责备;request要求。根据下文老师说的话“‘Every portrait begins with a circle,’ he said.‘Then you create a series of lines.’”可知,老师在对Alia进行指导,因此此处指老师走近她,故选B项。]
6.A.introduce B.demonstrate
C.complete D.promote
答案　B　[句意:为了演示这一点,他画了一组小巧而快速的肖像。introduce介绍;demonstrate演示,说明;complete完成;promote促进。根据“he drew a group of small,quick portraits”可知,此处指老师给Alia展示如何画,故选B项。]
7.A.letter B.square
C.circle D.dot
答案　C　[句意:他先画了一个圆圈、几条直线和一个三角形,以确定眼睛、鼻子和下巴的位置。letter信,字母;square广场,正方形;circle圆形,圆圈;dot小圆点。根据上文“Every portrait begins with a circle”可知,此处是信息词circle的词汇复现,故选C项。]
8.A.dominate B.delay
C.dismiss D.determine
答案　D　[句意同上。dominate控制;delay延迟;dismiss打发;determine决定,故选D项。]
9.A.Surprisingly B.Excitedly
C.Hesitantly D.Disappointedly
答案　C　[句意:犹豫着,Alia开始画自己的自画像。surprisingly令人惊讶地;excitedly兴奋地;hesitantly犹豫地;disappointedly失望地。该题为“大思维跨越”题。根据上文“Alia 　　　　the incomplete outlines,feeling like a cat in a dog show.”可知,Alia本来不喜欢画画,因此此处是犹豫着进行尝试,故选C项。]
10.A.drew B.wrote
C.printed D.typed
答案　A　[句意:她按照老师给她演示的方式,画出了一个头的基本形状。draw画画;write写;print打印;type打字。根据“Alia began her own self portrait”可知,此处表示画画,故选A项。]
11.A.features B.sizes
C.colors D.lengths
答案　A　[句意:接着,她用线条勾勒出她的面部特征。feature特征,特点;size尺寸;color颜色;length长度。根据“of her face”可知,此处指画出面部特征,故选A项。]
12.A.accuracy B.love
C.courage D.humor
答案　A　[句意:这个过程需要耐心和准确。accuracy准确度;love爱;courage勇气;humor幽默。根据“One wrong measurement could throw off”可知,这个过程需要准确,故选A项。]
13.A.design B.paper
C.portrait D.book
答案　C　[句意:一个错误的测量可能会毁掉整个肖像。design设计;paper纸;portrait肖像;book书。根据上文“Alia began her own self portrait”可知,此处是信息词portrait的词汇复现,故选C项。]
14.A.changing B.revealing
C.distinguishing D.understanding
答案　B　[句意:测量、研究细节和揭示事物的本质让她想起了自己对科学的热爱。change改变;reveal揭示;distinguish区分,辨别;understand理解。根据第一段中的“from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things”可知,此处指揭示事物的本质,故选B项。]
15.A.warned B.informed
C.suspect D.reminded
答案　D　[句意同上。warn警告;inform通知;suspect怀疑;remind使想起。根据“Measuring,studying details and 　　　　the basic nature of something”可知,画画过程中涉及的一些东西让Alia想起了科学,故选D项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·石家庄高三模拟)
Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and an advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder 1.　　　　　　 (call) spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),which affects the muscles used for moving the body.At the age of one,he became 2.　　　　　　 (complete) paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down,making it difficult for him to breathe,feed himself,or move around without assistance.Despite these
3.　　　　　　 (challenge),Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
4.　　　　　　 he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.
By now,Benjamin 5.　　　　　　 (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities,using his experiences to raise 6.　　　　　　 (aware) about the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities.He has also worked on 7.　　　　　　 (develop) assistive technologies,such as a voice controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility.
In addition 8.　　　　　　 his work in technology,Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights,using his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with a disability.Through his writing and speaking engagement,he hopes to encourage others
9.　　　　　　 (accept) their differences and work towards creating 10.　　　　　　 more inclusive society for all.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了患有脊髓性肌萎缩的计算机科学家楼印根的病情、学术之路,以及他在为残疾人发声上所做的努力等。
1.called　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,构成非谓语动词短语作genetic disorder的后置定语。call与其逻辑主语genetic disorder之间是动宾关系,故填called。]
2.completely　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的形容词paralyzed,应用副词,故填completely。]
3.challenges　[考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知,challenge在此作名词,且可数,应用复数形式,故填challenges。]
4.where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示地点的名词Massachusetts Institute of Technology,从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。]
5.has become　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语By now可知,时态应用现在完成时;主语Benjamin和become之间是主动关系;主语Benjamin是第三人称单数,故填has become。]
6.awareness　[考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达raise awareness about,意为“提高对……的意识”,故填awareness。]
7.developing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作介词on的宾语,故填developing。]
8.to　[考查介词。此处考查固定表达 in addition to,意为“除……之外”,故填to。]
9.to accept　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达encourage sb to do sth,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,故填to accept。]
10.a　[考查冠词。空处修饰名词society,且名词前有形容词修饰。根据句意可知,此处表泛指,more的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:suburban adj.郊区的,城外的;Para.2:distinct adj.清晰的,清楚的,明显的;不同种类的;scream n.尖叫,大声叫;instruction n.用法说明,操作指南;命令,指示;reflection n.反映,显示,表达;native adj.土著的;当地的;Para.3:relieve v.解除,减轻,缓和(不快或痛苦);abandoned adj.被离弃的,被遗弃的,被抛弃的;appealing adj.有吸引力的,令人感兴趣的;Para.4:persuade v.说服,劝说;Para.5:opposite n.对立的人(或物);对立面,反面
B Para.2:recognition n.认可;conventional adj.传统的;Para.3:expectation n.期望; decision making n.决策;Para.4:professional n.专业人士;outcome n.结果;assumption n.假设
A Para.4:budget　熟义:n.预算;生义:v.谨慎花钱;把……编入预算;
B Para.2:distance　熟义:n.距离;生义:v.疏远
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:line up排成一行,站队,排队(等候);Para.2:take off迅速成功,迅速走红; Para.4:reach out to...请求……的帮助
B Para.1:consist of由……组成;Para.3:jump to conclusions草率下结论;slow down慢下来; take the time花时间
长 难 句 式 B Para.3:Because expectations for decision making have gone from“get it done soon”to“get it done now”to“it should have been done yesterday”,we tend to jump to conclusions instead of asking more questions. [分析]　这是一个主从复合句。从属连词because引导原因状语从句。 [译文]　因为对决策的期望已经从“尽快完成”变成了“现在就完成”再到“昨天就应该完成”,我们倾向于草率下结论,而不是提出更多问题。(共162张PPT)
UNIT 2　Sports culture
选择性必修第二册
主题语境:体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.unintentionally adv. 无意地,非故意地
2.motto n. 格言,座右铭
3.boundary n. 边界,分界线
4.literally adv. 真正地,确实地;按字面,字面上
5.humanity n. (统称)人,人类;人性;人道,仁慈
6.session n. 一段时间,一场;会议,开庭;学年
7.celebrity n. 名人;名望
8.council n. 政务委员会,地方议会;市政服务机构;委员会
9.league n. 联赛;等级,级别
10.ankle n. 踝,踝关节
11.waist n. 腰,腰部;(衣服的)腰部
12.venue n. 活动场地
13.constitution n. 体质,身体素质;宪法,章程
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.make joint efforts　 做出共同努力
2.proceed to become the world heavyweight champion
继续成为世界重量级拳击冠军
3.light the Olympic flame点燃奥林匹克圣火
4.the secret of her consistent good performance
她一直表现良好的秘密
5.the upward trend for Chinese sport中国体育的上升趋势
6.his fellow workers 他的同事们
7.work as an amateur journalist 做一名业余记者
8.tears pouring down his cheeks 眼泪从他的脸颊上流下来
9.sports idioms 体育习语
10.make an unfair remark 发表不公平的评论
11.the rank of captain 船长的职位
12.a relay team 接力队
13.handle the crisis 处理这场危机
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.participate vi.　　 参加,参与
　participation n. 参加,参与
　participant n. 参与者;参加者
2.compete vi. 参加比赛;竞争
　competitor n. 竞争者;比赛者
　competition n. 比赛;竞争
　competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的
3.race n. 种族;赛跑
　racial adj. 种族的;种族间的
4.diverse adj. 多种多样的,不同的
　diversity n. 多样性
5.motivate vt. 激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
　motivation n. 动机;积极性
6.demonstrate vt. 表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示
　　　　　　 vi. 游行示威
　demonstration n. 示范;证明;游行示威
7.applaud vi.& vt. 称赞,赞许;鼓掌
　applause n. 鼓掌;喝彩
8.elect vt. 选举,推选
　election n. 选举,推选;当选
9.faith n. 信心;宗教信仰
　faithful adj. 忠实的
　faithfully adv. 忠诚地,忠实地;如实地
10.ambition n. 追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志
　ambitious adj. 有雄心的;有野心的
　ambitiously adv. 有野心地
11.identify vt. 确认;鉴定
　identity n. 身份;同一性
　identical adj. 完全同样的
　identification n. 鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明
12.gradual adj. 逐渐的,逐步的
　gradually adv. 逐渐地,逐步地
13.limit n. 限度,限制;限量,限额;界限
　　　vt. 限制,限定;限量,减量
　limited adj. 有限的
　limitless adj. 无限的
　limitation n. 范围;限制
14.oppose vt. 反对
　opposing adj. 对抗的;相反的
　opposed adj. 强烈反对;截然不同
　opponent n. 对手,竞争者;反对者
plain vi.& vt. 抱怨,投诉
　complaint n. 抱怨
16.cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的,残酷的
　cruelty n. 残酷,残忍
　cruelly adv. 残酷地
17.humble adj. 谦逊的;不大的
　　　　 vt. 谦逊
　humility n. 谦逊,谦虚
18.grace n. 高雅,文雅;优美;风度,体面
　graceful adj. 优美的,优雅的
　gracefully adv. 优美地;优雅地
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.at the opening ceremony 在开幕式上
2.realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
3.track and field 田径运动
4.in the process of 在……过程中
5.walk on air 欢天喜地,得意扬扬
6.in the ballpark 差不多
7.throw in the towel 认输,承认失败
8.side by side 肩并肩地,一起;相互支持
9.find one’s way into 偶然来到,无意中处于
10.score an own goal 进乌龙球;无意中做让自己吃亏的事
11.pick up 捡起;获得;收拾;(开车)接人;不费力地学会
12.die out 灭绝
13.call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事
14.bring...back to life 使……复活
15.participate in 参加,参与
16.be identical to 与……一样
17.reflect on 思考;反省
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1. It was a Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life.(强调句型)
　是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。
2.His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace.(that引导表语从句)　 他的梦想是奥运会可以帮助不同种族、不同文化的人们和平地生活在一起。
3.I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before.(even though引导让步状语从句)
　我轻松自信地跑着比赛,尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。
4.If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests,they are said to have scored an own goal.
(be said/reported/...to have done)
　如果某人犯了一个严重的错误,无意中损害了自己的利益,他们就被称为“进了乌龙球”。
5.When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own,the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.(too...to...)
　当一名拳击手输得很惨,并且因太累或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时,教练就会扔一条毛巾到擂台上,示意结束对抗。
词汇横拓串记
后缀-ty名词集锦 盘点“运动员”相关名词 life相关短语荟萃
①cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴 ②certain→certainty必然的事 ③safe→safety安全 ④loyal→loyalty忠诚 ⑤active→activity活动 ⑥necessary→necessity必然性 ①amateur业余选手 ②professional职业选手 ③athlete运动员 ④competitor竞争者 ⑤captain队长 ⑥champion冠军 ①come to life苏醒;变得活跃
②live/lead a...life过着……生活
③come back to life苏醒过来
④bring...back to life给……活力
⑤start/make a new life开始新生活
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.the Olympic motto　 奥林匹克　　　　　
2.push the boundaries of human achievement
突破人类成就的　　　　　
3.build a better future for humanity
为　　　　　　建设更美好的未来
4.sprain/break your ankle 扭伤/折断你的　　　　　
格言
Step One　写一写
极限
人类
踝关节
5.become a web celebrity 成为一个网络　　　　　
6.have their own football leagues 有他们自己的足球　　　　　
7.unintentionally harm their own interests
　　　　　　损害了他们自己的利益
8.the local council 地方　　　　　
9.hit the opponent below the waist打对手　　　　　　以下
10.literally throw a towel into the ring
　　　　　　　　把一条　　　　　　扔进擂台
名人
联盟
无意中
议会
腰部
真的
毛巾
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 vi.　 接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往
2.　　　　　　 n. 火焰,火舌
3.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.属于某等级,把……分等级;排列,使排成行
n. 地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔
4.　　　　　　 n. 业余运动员,业余爱好者;生手,外行
adj. 业余的
proceed
flame
rank
amateur
5.　　　　　　 vt. 处理,应付;控制,操纵;搬动
n. 把手,拉手;柄
6.　　　　　　 n. 习语,成语
7.　　　　　　 n. 谈论,言论
　　　　　　vi.& vt. 说起,评论
8.　　　　　　 n. 面颊,脸颊
handle
idiom
remark
cheek
9.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.倒,斟;倾倒,倒出;涌流,倾泻;下大雨
10.　　　　　　 n. 趋势,趋向
11.　　　　　　 adj. 联合的,共同的
n. 关节;接合处
12.　　　　　　 adj.一致的,始终如一的;连续的
pour
trend
joint
consistent
Ⅲ.派生单词
1. 　　　　　　vi.　　参加,参与
　　　　　　　 n. 参加,参与
　　　　　　　 n. 参与者;参加者
2.　　　　　　 vt. 激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
　　　　　　　 n. 动机;积极性
3.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.抱怨,投诉
　　　　　　　 n. 抱怨
participate
participation
participant
motivate
motivation
complain
complaint
4.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.称赞,赞许;鼓掌
　　　　　　　 n. 鼓掌;喝彩
5.　　　　　　 vt. 确定;鉴定
　　　　　　　 adj. 完全同样的
　　　　　　　 n. 鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明
　　　　　　　 n. 身份;同一性
applaud
applause
identify
identical
identification
identity
6.　　　　　　 n. 限度,限制;限量,限额;界限
　　　　　　 vt. 限制,限定;限量,减量
　　　　　　　 adj. 有限的
　　　　　　　 adj. 无限的
　　　　　　　 n. 范围;限制
7.　　　　　　 adj. 刻毒伤人的,残酷的
　　　　　　　 n. 残酷,残忍
　　　　　　　 adv. 残酷地
limit
limited
limitless
limitation
cruel
cruelty
cruelly
8.　　　　　　 vt. 反对
　　　　　　　 adj. 对抗的;相反的
　　　　　　　 adj. 强烈反对;截然不同
　　　　　　　 n. 对手,竞争者;反对者
9.　　　　　　 n. 信心;宗教信仰
　　　　　　　 adj. 忠实的
　　　　　　　 adv. 忠诚地,忠实地;如实地
oppose
opposing
opposed
opponent
faith
faithful
faithfully
10.　　　　　　 vi. 参加比赛;竞争
　　　　　　　 n. 竞争者;比赛者
　　　　　　　 n. 比赛;竞争
　　　　　　　 adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的
11.　　　　　　 adj. 多种多样的,不同的
　　　　　　　 n. 多样性
compete
competitor
competition
competitive
diverse
diversity
12.　　　　　　 n. 追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志
　　　　　　　 adj. 有雄心的;有野心的
　　　　　　　 adv. 有野心地
13.　　　　　　 n. 种族;赛跑
　　　　　　　 adj. 种族的;种族间的
ambition
ambitious
ambitiously
race
racial
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　 　　　　　　　 在开幕式上
2.　　　　 　　　 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事
3.　　　　　　　 欢天喜地,得意扬扬
4.　　　　　　　 在……过程中
5.　 　　　　　　 认输,承认失败
at the opening ceremony
call on sb to do sth
walk on air
in the process of
throw in the towel
6.realize one's dream 　　　　　　　
7.bring...back to life 　　　　　　　
8.side by side 　　　　　　　
9.participate in 　　　　　　　
10.reflect on 　　　　　　　
实现某人的梦想
使……复活
肩并肩地,一起; 相互支持
参加,参与
思考; 反省
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:too...to...
　The mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and threw her arms around her children.
母亲太感动了,无法控制眼泪,伸出双臂搂住她的孩子们。
was too moved to control her tears
2.句型公式:that引导表语从句
What made me astonished most was 　　　　 　
　 　　　　　.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
最让我吃惊的是,我获得了一等奖,而安妮获得了二等奖。
3.句型公式:be said/reported/...to have done
This book 　　　　 　
into many different languages.
据报道,这本书已被翻译成了多种不同的语言。
that I won the first prize and Anne won the second prize
is reported to have been translated
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.I'm old enough to h　　　　　　 my own affairs without my parents' intervention.
2.As long as we make j　　　　　　 efforts,all these problems will be solved.
3.The weather is extremely bad, with heavy rain p　　　　　　 and strong wind blowing.
andle
Step Two　练一练
oint
ouring
4.At that moment,happiness and the feeling of being moved mingled,welling up into my heart,tears rolling down my c　　　　　　.
5.This t　　　　　　 has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease.
6.He outlined his plans and then p　　　　　　 to explain them in more detail.
heeks
rend
roceeded
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.All the excited 　　　　　　who are relatively 　　　　　　are
　　　　　　for the honor of winning the gold medals in the 　　　　　　. (compete)
2.The audience 　　 　the performer and the thunderous
　　　　　 moved him to tears.(applaud)
competitors
competitive
competing
competition
applauded
applause
3.People from 　　　　　　cultures hold different understandings on the play and this 　　　　　　of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)
4.For all the 　　　　　　,the activity is a good opportunity and the
　　　　　　in the activity will further strengthen your overall competence. (participate)
5.I have 　　　　　in him because he has served us 　　　　　　for many years,and I think he is a 　　　　　　and honest friend.(faith)
diverse
diversity
participants
participation
faith
faithfully
faithful
Ⅲ.短语填空
participate in　walk on air　throw in the towel　reflect on
side by side
1.The young man lay on the grass quietly,　　　　 　　 what had happened that day.
2.Everyday isn't going to be smooth sailing and there will be times when you want 　　　　 　　.
reflecting on
to throw in the towel
3.Besides studying at school,he often 　 　　　　 some out-of-school activities.
4.Victory makes the amateur 　　　　 　 while failure makes him lost in despair.
5.He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live 　　　 　　　in peace.
participates in
walk on air
side by side
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jack,1.　　　　　　 amateur sportsman, participated in diverse competitions and demonstrated his ambition and faith.
an
At the beginning,he took up track and field.He was always the first 2.　　　　　　 (do) training in the court.Thanks to his
3.　　　　　　 (consist) efforts,he 4.　　　　　　 (rank) first in a half-marathon. Afterwards,he took an interest in the men's 100-meter hurdles,5.　　　　　　 were difficult to handle.But he didn't throw in the towel.In the end,he defeated all the opponents in a match.When 6.　　　　　　 (reward) with a prize,he couldn't help bursting into tears.His motto was:Win with humility,lose with grace,
7.　　　　　　 do both with dignity.
to do
consistent
ranked
which
rewarded
and
Jack was also an unselfish man.He committed 8. 　　　　　 (he) to doing voluntary work to help people in need and called
9.　　　　　　 others to participate in the relay race. Motivated by his spirit,more people began to do the identical cause.He held the firm belief that only by joint efforts and solidarity could we build a more 10.　　　　　　 (harmony) world.
himself
on
harmonious
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.2 写作迁移
1.participate vi.参加,参与→participant n.参加者;参与者→
participation n.参加;参与
佳句背诵　
I think it is a good chance for you to participate in the English Speaking Competition.(建议信)
我认为参加英语演讲比赛对你来说是一个好机会。
participate in 参与;参加;加入
participate in social activities 参与社会活动
以练促学　单句语法填空
①Silently,he just stared at the other 　　　　　　　　 (participate) who were warming up, without saying anything.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
participants
教考衔接　单句写作
②To 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, students must submit an original essay in English, not exceeding 500 words.
(通知,2024·九省联考)
要参加这项比赛,学生必须提交一篇不超过500字的英文原创文章。
participate in the competition
2.compete vi.参加比赛;竞争→competitor n.竞争者;比赛者→
competition n.比赛;竞争→competitive adj.有竞争力的;竞争的
佳句背诵　
I’m writing to invite you to compete in the upcoming marathon.(邀请信) 我写信邀请你参加即将到来的马拉松比赛。
compete in 参加……的比赛;在……方面竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against 和……竞争
in competition with 与……竞争
以练促学　语段训练
①Even though she had to 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　, she had faith in herself and 　　　　　　　　　　　 .
The 　　　　　　　　　　　was tough and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 her,but she managed to enter the final.
尽管她不得不与许多有竞争力的选手竞争,但她对自己很有信心,并参加了接力赛。比赛很激烈,许多选手都比她有优势,但她设法进入了决赛。
compete with/against many competitive
competitors
competed in the relay race
competition
many competitors had an
advantage over
教考衔接　单句写作
②Our school’s English newspaper is excited to 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　 themed Act Together, Save Food.(通知,2024·九省联考)
我们学校的英文报纸很高兴地宣布一个以“携手行动,节约粮食”为主题的征文比赛。
announce an essay
competition
3.rank vi.& vt.属于某等级,把……分等级;排列,使排成行 n.地位,级别;
等级;排,列;军衔
佳句背诵　
Learning you ranked first in the competition,I am writing to express my congratulations.(祝贺信)
得知你在比赛中排名第一,我写信表示祝贺。
rank high/first 名列前茅/第一
rank...as... 把……评为……;把……分等级
the first rank 一流的
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Chinese team got 40 gold medals,　　　　　　 (rank) first of all the countries that competed in Paris Olympics.
②His performance in the piano competition　　　　　 　　　　　.
他在钢琴比赛中的表现堪称一流。
ranking
was of the first rank
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that
　　　　　　(rank) among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list.(2023·全国甲卷)
ranks
4.faith n.信心;宗教信仰;信任→faithful adj.忠实的→faithfully adv.
忠实地;如实地
佳句背诵　
Mort had belief/faith in me,saying that he was more than pleased to do me a favor.
莫特对我很有信心,他说他非常乐意帮我一个忙。
have/lose faith in 对……有/失去信心
rebuild one’s faith in 重拾对……的信心
以练促学　单句写作
①Not only will her generosity help those in need　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　, but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.
她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境中的人重拾生活的信心,而且还能激励更多的人加入这样的善举。
rebuild their
faith in life
教考衔接　单句写作
②It was my teacher’s help and 　　　　　　　　　 that could make something unusual happen finally.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
正是我的老师的帮助和我坚定的信心,最终会让一些不寻常的事情发生。
my strong faith
5.limit n.限度;限制;限量,限额;界限vt.限制;限定;限量,减量→limited
adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的
佳句背诵　
You are required to limit your essay to 800 words.If your essay is beyond the limit,it will not be accepted.(征文)
要求你的文章限制在800词以内。如果你的文章超过限度,将不被
采纳。
set a limit to/on 限制……
beyond the limit 超过限度
without limit 无限制地
There is a/no limit to(to为介词) ……是有限的/无限的
limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①A man’s life is 　　　　　,but there is no 　　　　　　　to serving the people. I will devote my 　　　　　　　life to the
　　　　　　job of serving the people.(limit)
②The natural resources 　　　　　　　　　　 we have no reason to 　　　　　　　　 　.
自然资源如此有限,我们没有理由无限制地浪费它们。
limited
limit
limited
limitless
are so limited that
waste them without limit
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by
　　　　　　(limit) garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
limiting
6.remark n.[C]谈论,言论 vi.& vt.说起,评论(comment)→remarkable
adj.非凡的;显著的
佳句背诵　
He made no remark,but a trace of smile crept onto his face.
(2022·浙江1月卷)
他一言不发,但脸上渐渐露出了一丝微笑。
make remarks/a remark on/upon/about... 就……发表评论/意见
remark on/upon 对……进行评论
以练促学　一句多译
①我们都同意他提出的建议:不要评论别人的私事。
→We are all in favor of his suggestion that
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(remark v.)
→We are all in favor of his suggestion that 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (remark n.)
we shouldn't remark on/upon others' private affairs
we shouldn't make
remarks/a remark on/upon others' private affairs
教考衔接　单句写作
②I am thrilled to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
of China’s 75 years of progress.(建议信,2024·北京卷)
我很激动地与你分享中国75年来令人瞩目的进步历程。
share with you the remarkable journey
7.call on sb to do sth正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事
佳句背诵　
Last but not least,we should call on citizens to take the bus instead of driving a car as much as possible.(倡议书)
同样重要的是,我们应该呼吁市民尽可能选择搭乘公交而非驾车出行。
call up 给……打电话;(使)想起
call off 取消
call for 要求;需要;去接某人
call at 拜访(地点);(火车等)停留
call in 邀请;请来
call on/upon 拜访(某人);号召;要求
以练促学　用call短语填空
①This picture 　　　　　　memories of my taking part in that half-marathon.
②The council announces that the conference is 　　　　　　so we can go home now.
called up
called off
③Sometimes situations 　　　　　　us to be strong and brave enough to proceed with our dreams.
④The children 　　　　　　their house to tell them about the plan of selling popcorn.
教考衔接　 单句写作
⑤To make our contributions,we students can hand out leaflets to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　 　　　
(海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
为了做出我们的贡献,我们学生可以发传单,呼吁更多的人保护海洋。
call for
called at
call on more people to protect the ocean.
8.find one’s way into偶然来到,无意中处于
佳句背诵　
Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life,there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language.
由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,有许多体育习语已经进入日常语言。
make one’s way to/towards... 前往;到……地方去
find one’s way (to...) 找到正确的路(去某地)
feel one’s way (黑暗中)摸索着走;谨慎行事
fight one’s way 挤出一条路
give way to 让步;屈服;被……代替
以练促学　单句写作
①He struggled 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to buy Christmas gifts.(动作描写)
他努力在人群中挤出一条路来买圣诞礼物。
②There comes a time 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
to fight his way through the crowd
when the old must give way to the new
教考衔接　单句写作
③We gathered at the school gate at 8 am on weekend and then
　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(活动介绍)
我们周末八点在学校门口聚集,然后去了附近的农场摘水果。
made our way to the nearby farm to pick fruits
Before the sports meeting, the teacher called on students to participate actively and encouraged them to have faith in themselves and not be limited by difficulties. On the playground,they competed fiercely with each other to get a good rank. After the sports meeting,the teacher made a remark and praised all participants.
句型公式:too+adj./adv.+to...
课本原句:When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own,the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.
当一名拳击手输得很惨,并且因太累或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时,教练就会扔一条毛巾到擂台上,示意结束对抗。
佳句背诵　
When the teacher asked me to answer a question,I was always too nervous to answer it, which made me very sad.
当老师让我回答问题时,我总是很紧张,回答不出来,这让我很难过。
(1)too+adj./adv.+to do sth意为 “太……而不能……”, 表示否定意义。
(2)too+glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious/...+to do sth意为“太……而做……”,表示肯定意义。
以练促学　单句写作/同义句转换
①I am 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with your homework.
我很乐意帮你做作业。
②I was so young that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the meaning of the film.
too pleased to help you
was too young to understand
教考衔接　单句写作
③Upon seeing him again, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
I presented him with a gift as a gesture of gratitude.
(情绪描写,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
再次见到他时,我激动得什么也说不出来。我送了他一份礼物,以表达我的感激之情。
I was too excited to say anything
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. (2021·全国乙卷) 　　　　　
2.He is seriously ill,and this condition can lead to severe joint pain.
　　　　　
3.The game was relayed by satellite to audience all over the world.
　　　　　
4.He was soon promoted to the rank of captain. 　　　　　
vi.不断涌向
n.关节
vt.播放,转播
n.军衔;军阶
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.demonstrate vt.表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示 vi.游行示威
vt.证实,证明
①The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition.
　　　　　
②An expert will demonstrate how these objects work together.
　　　　　
③They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education.
　　　　　
vt.示范,演示
vt.游行示威
2.handle vt.处理,应付;控制,操纵;搬动 n.把手,拉手;柄
vt.搬动
①These pieces of glassware are valuable,so they handle them with great care. 　　　　　
②I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car. 　　　　　
③The little girl turned the handle and opened the door,which surprised her parents. 　　　　　
vt.控制,操纵
n.把手,拉手
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Much to my surprise, I beat a lot of 　　　　　　(participate) and won the first prize.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.I was 　　　　　　(gradual) overwhelmed by a strong sense of joy and happiness.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
3.With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) 　　　　　　(compete).(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
participants
gradually
competition
4.After Lincoln 　　　　　　(elect)President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and sold most of their furniture.(2021·浙江6月卷)
5.They rank him 　　　　　　a realistic painter,who has gained a good reputation.
6.My time is 　　　　　(limit),so I will limit myself 　　　　　　two aspects of the problem.
7.Only the person who has faith in himself is able to be faithful
　　　　　　others.
was elected
as
limited
to
to
8.They had to call 　　　　　　the meeting due to bad weather.
9.In a way,cinemas have gradually given way 　　　　　　the Internet and cell phones.
10.If you wish to make a 　　　　　　(complain) about that,you should see the manager.
11.It was the two witnesses 　　　　　　gave the accurate evidence to the police.
12.If your words aren’t consistent 　　　　　　　 your behaviour, you will be investigated.
off
to
complaint
who/that
with
维度三　完成句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when you chase your dream.
　追求你的梦想时,真正重要的是你的坚持。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the car accident,he finally recovered from it.
　尽管他在交通事故中严重受伤,但最后他康复了。
It is your persistence that really matters
Even though he was seriously hurt
3.She told us to apply ourselves to studying 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　她告诉我们要专心学习,这样才能实现我们的梦想。
4.My teacher exclaimed,“　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　,you must have suffered defeats and hardships.”
我的老师感叹道:“在写作的过程中,你一定经历过失败和艰辛。”
so that we could realize
our dreams
In the process of writing
5. Due to pollution, many species 　　　　　　　 , which is alarming for us.
由于污染,许多物种正在灭绝,这是令我们震惊的。
6.The doctor’s skill and efforts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这位医生的技术和努力使得病人们起死回生。
are dying out
brought the patients back to life
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(告知信——越野赛跑)
　　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)假定你是李华,你的好友Bob对上周日你校举办的5千米越野赛跑活动感兴趣,请你写信告诉他活动的相关内容,内容包括:
1.介绍活动;
2.活动反响。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①得知你对我校举办的越野跑步比赛表现出极大的兴趣,我现在写信对此作详细评述。(remark,现在分词短语作状语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Learning that you show great interest in the cross-country running race held in our school,I'm writing to make remarks on it in detail.
②为了丰富我们的校园生活,我们学校上周日组织了一场5千米越野跑步比赛,我积极参加了这场比赛。(participate,非限制性定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
In order to enrich our campus life,our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday,which I actively participated in.
③来自二十个班的九十名学生怀着完成比赛的信念相互竞争。
(compete,faith)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
④当接近终点线时,我们大多数人都累得不能继续跑下去,但没有人放弃。(too...to...,状语从句的省略)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
Ninety students from twenty classes competed with each other with the faith of finishing the race.
When approaching the finish line,most of us were too tired to continue,but no one gave up.
⑤比赛结束后,我们评价这次比赛不仅为我们提供了锻炼身体的机会,而且让我们更加意志坚定。(remark,not only...but also...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
⑥我们确实希望我们今后能参与更多类似的活动。(强调句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　
After the race,we remarked that the race not only provided a chance for us to exercise,but also made us more determined.
We do wish that we could participate in more similar activities in the future.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Dear Bob,
Learning that you show great interest in the cross-country running race held in our school,I'm writing to make remarks on it in detail.
In order to enrich our campus life,our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday,which I actively participated in.Ninety students from twenty classes competed with each other with the faith of finishing the race.When approaching the finish line,most of us were too tired to continue,but no one gave up.After the race,we remarked that the race not only provided a chance for us to exercise,but also made us more determined.
We do wish that we could participate in more similar activities in the future.
Yours,
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:二战期间,莉娜和她家人们到了美国加州,跟匈牙利的一切都断了联系,包括她的好朋友莫妮卡。她们在分别之前,约定一起买了象征她们友谊的围巾。几十年后,莉娜的孙女伊丽莎从大学毕业要去面试工作,莉娜就把围巾给了她,希望给孙女带来好运。伊丽莎去餐馆庆祝自己可能得到的那份工作,旁边的一位老妇人说伊丽莎长得像自己的故友,也戴着一条一样的围巾。伊丽莎猜测那个老妇人可能是自己奶奶的故友。
场景续写1:
伊丽莎自我介绍,等待着听到女士的名字→莫妮卡自我介绍→伊丽莎邀请莫妮卡去见一个人→老妇人同意了
【参考范文】
Eliza introduced herself and waited to hear the name of the other woman. “My name's Monika,dear.I'm originally from Hungary,but my family had to leave and I've been living here ever since.” Eliza could not believe it,stories of her grandmother's best friend floating into her mind.Assuming that the old woman must be her grandmother's best friend,she said,“Grandma,would you mind coming with me right now I need to show you somebody.” The old woman agreed.On the way,Monika felt her heart was thumping with excitement.
They walked the short distance to Lena's home and rang the doorbell. The moment Lena opened the door,she was rooted to the ground due to the amazement at seeing her childhood friend standing in front of her.Although their faces showed signs of age,the two best friends recognized each other immediately.Both of them were in tears,hugging each other tightly.Time seemed to cease to witness the great moment.The two of them talked for a long time afterwards, recalling about their past events.
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(江苏卷阅读B)
In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park,Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before:he couldn’t find the park’s volcano.It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us,when we talk about volcanoes,think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,which are created when erupting magma (岩浆)piles up.These can form remarkably quickly.In 1943,a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on
Earth,all but a few hundred of them extinct.There is,however,a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain
building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack,leaving behind a vast hole,the caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of this second type,but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos,he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—
much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在黄石公园探寻火山的故事。
58.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone
A.Its complicated geographical features.
B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C.The mysterious history of the park.
D.The exact location of the volcano.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.”可知,他困惑的是到处都看不到火山,故选D项。
59.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A.The shapes of volcanoes.
B.The impacts of volcanoes.
C.The activities of volcanoes.
D.The heights of volcanoes.
√
解析　段落大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山,一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体,还有一种极具爆发力、有巨大洞口的火山,即列举了两种火山形态,故选A项。
60.What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph
most probably mean
A.Hot-air balloon. B.Digital camera.
C.Big photograph. D.Bird’s view.
√
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“NASA decided to...by taking paragraphs of Yellowstone”和第三段中的“As soon as Christiansen saw...—2.2 million acres—was caldera.”可知,NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片,因此Christiansen能在照片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知,blow-up意为“放大的照片”,故选C项。
思维建模
词义猜测题的五种解题方法
以例示法(如60题)
语境法解题
根据第三段前两句“Just at this time NASA decided...a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.”可知,美国国家航空航天局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位考虑周到的官员把其中一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门,他认为这些照片可以被放大以供游客中心展示。故可知,此处意为将照片放大,选C。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:volcanic adj.火山的;steamy adj.蒸汽的;Para.2:remarkably adv.显著地;extinct adj.灭绝的;explosive adj.爆炸性的;Para.3:altitude n.高度;thoughtful adj.周到的;scale n.规模 Para.1:account for解释,说明;
Para.2:pile up堆积; a second type第二种类型;
leave behind留下;
Para.3:pass on传递;as soon as一……就……;
at some time in the past在过去某个时候;
far beyond远超
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack,leaving behind a vast hole,the caldera.
[句式分析]　该句子中they burst open in a single big crack为so...that...引导的结果状语从句;leaving behind a vast hole为现在分词短语作结果状语;the caldera作a vast hole的同位语。
[尝试翻译]　

[语言赏析]　句中so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack描述了火山的爆发力,让读者感受到火山爆发的震撼。这句话使用了so...that...结构强化了火山爆发的程度,动词和形容词的精准运用使句子富有表现力。
这些火山爆炸性极强,会在一个大裂缝中猛然爆发,留下一个巨大的洞,即火山口。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·昆明“三诊一模”高三质量检测)
In Takoma Park,Maryland,in suburban Washington,people, adults or students,lined up at a pay phone outside a restaurant several times a week.
“Once I put the phone out there,it just took off,” said David Schulman,a Takoma Park violinist who created the Bird Calls Phone.Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow-crowned night heron (夜鹭),7 to hear a pileated (有羽冠的) woodpecker’s call and 9 for the distinct scream of a red-tailed hawk.Instructions about how to use the phone are in three languages:English,Spanish and Amharic—a reflection of Takoma Park’s Ethiopian community.In all,10 birds native to the Takoma Park area are featured.
Studies show in addition to being fun,listening to birdsong can reduce stress and anxiety.Even hearing recordings of birds can relieve negative emotions.After noticing an abandoned,nonworking pay phone in town,Schulman wondered if he could turn it into something appealing.He said,“I really like the old technology of just picking up a receiver,pressing one button and having something happen.” Schulman thought bringing bird sounds to the abandoned phone was a way to add a bit of nature to the neighborhood.
Takoma Park city officials agreed,and they budgeted $5,000 to complete the project.Schulman reached out to the Macaulay Library in Ithaca,New York,which agreed to send him a few dozen recordings of native birds.He then managed to gain the help of Branden Hall,a software engineer and artist,to rewire the phone to play different bird calls.Schulman said he persuaded several of his friends to record short descriptions of each bird to go with the calls.
“One thing I like about the Bird Calls Phone is that it’s the opposite of a loud broadcast,”Schulman said.“Only one person can listen at a time,and each person will take away their own unique experience.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了塔科马帕克的小提琴家David Schulman发明鸟叫电话的故事。人们通过按电话按钮可以听到不同鸟类的叫声,从而起到缓解压力的作用。
1.What will listeners hear if they press buttons on the pay phone
A.The calls of native birds.
B.Songs in different languages.
C.Descriptions of local creatures.
D.Instructions on reducing stress.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow-crowned...distinct scream of a red-tailed hawk.”可知,听众按下付费电话上的按钮会听到本地不同鸟类的叫声,故选A项。
√
2.Which of the following best describes David Schulman
A.Observant and nature-loving.
B.Diligent and easy-going.
C.Serious and public-spirited.
D.Ambitious and kind-hearted.
√
解析　推理判断题。本文第三段中的“After noticing an abandoned... into something appealing.”可知,David Schulman通过观察发明了Bird Calls Phone,这说明他是一个善于观察的人。同时该段最后一句话谈到Schulman认为,将鸟儿的声音上传至废弃的电话是为社区增添自然气息的一种方式。由此可推知,他是一个既善于观察又热爱大自然的人,故选A项。
3.What can be inferred about the project
A.It encourages art appreciation.
B.It presents the harmony among birds.
C.It turns loud broadcasts into private phones.
D.It receives broad support from the community.
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述可知,Schulman获得了当地官员、纽约伊萨卡的麦考利图书馆及软件工程师兼艺术家Branden Hall的多方帮助。由此可知,这个项目得到了社会各界的广泛支持,故选D项。
√
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.A Violinist Specializes in Ecology
B.Pick up the Phone,Hear Birdsong
C.Close to Nature,Far From Depression
D.Turn Trash into Treasure in Washington
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了David Schulman发明了一个电话,人们按下不同的按钮就会听到不同的鸟叫,故B项“拿起电话,听到鸟鸣”最适合作本文的标题,故选B项。
√
(2025·东北师大附中高三模拟)
Proper questioning has become a lost art.The curious four-year-old asks a lot of questions—incessant streams of “Why ”and “Why not ”which might sound familiar,but as we grow older,our questioning decreases.In a recent survey of more than 200 of our clients,we found that those with children estimated that 70%-80% of their kids’ dialogues with others were comprised of questions.But those same clients said that only 15%-25% of their own interactions consisted of questions.Why the drop-off
Think back to your time growing up and in school.Chances are you received the most recognition or reward when you got the correct answers.Later in life,that motivator continues.At work,we often reward those who answer questions,not those who ask them. Questioning conventional wisdom can even lead to being distanced,or considered a threat.
Because expectations for decision-making have gone from “get it done soon” to “get it done now” to “it should have been done yesterday”,we tend to jump to conclusions instead of asking more questions.And the unfortunate side effect of not asking enough questions is poor decision-making.That’s why it’s vital that we slow down and take the time to ask more and better questions.At best,we’ll arrive at better conclusions.At worst,we’ll avoid a lot of reworking later on.
Aside from not speaking up enough,many professionals don’t think about how different types of questions can lead to different outcomes.We should lead a conversation by asking the right kinds of questions,based on the problem we’re trying to solve.In some cases,we’ll want to expand our view of the problem rather than keeping it narrowly focused.In others,we may want to challenge basic assumptions or confirm our understanding in order to feel more confident in our conclusions.Therefore,asking the right kinds of questions is what counts in achieving a goal.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“恰当的提问已经成为一门失传的艺术”这一现象,分析了该现象产生的原因,并鼓励人们恰当地提问。
5.What does the underlined word “incessant” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A.Constant. B.Random. C.Noisy. D.Innocent.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段“The curious four-year-old”以及“as we grow older,our questioning decreases”可知,好奇的四岁孩子会没完没了地问“为什么 ”和“为什么不呢 ”所以画线词的意思是“持续不断的”,故选A项。
√
6.What accounts for the decline of questioning in adulthood
A.One poses a threat to the company if they ask questions.
B.Those who ask questions don’t necessarily get positive feedback.
C.One doesn’t have as many opportunities as they did in childhood.
D.Those who question popular beliefs don’t have interpersonal skills.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“Think back...not those who ask them.”可知,提问题的人不一定能得到积极的反馈,这是导致人们成年后提问次数减少的原因,故选B项。
√
7.What can we infer from paragraph 3
A.Redoing is unavoidable despite thoughtful questions.
B.Better questions can surely result in desirable outcomes.
C.Some people think it can’t be too fast to make a decision.
D.We’ll make reasonable decisions as long as we ask questions.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Because expectations...poor decision-making.”可知,人们对决策的期望不断提升,往往更倾向于草率下结论,不去提出更多问题。未充分提问的副作用是糟糕的决策。由此可推出,有些人认为做决定不能太快,故选C项。
√
8.What might the author continue talking about
A.Proper questions that should be raised.
B.Important goals that we are to achieve.
C.Right kinds of answers to the questions.
D.The reasons for the loss of questioning art.
解析　推理判断题。首先根据题干关键信息continue talking about定位原文最后一句“Therefore,asking the right kinds of questions is what counts in achieving a goal.”,再根据这句话推断出,作者接下来可能会继续谈论如何恰当地提问,故选A项。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·山西名校高三联考)
Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness.She had hoped for Biology,but it was 　1　 by the time she got to choose.She loved everything about science,from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things.But 　2　 was so...unscientific.
The first class project was self-portraits (肖像).Some students were drawing self-portraits using 　3　.Others were working from photographs.Alia 　4　 the incomplete outlines,feeling like a cat in a dog show.
The teacher 　5　 her.“Every portrait begins with a circle,” he said.“Then you create a series of lines.” To 　6　,he drew a group of small,quick portraits.He began each one with a 　7　,some straight lines,and a triangle (三角形) to 　8　 where the eyes,nose,and chin (下巴) should go.
　9　,Alia began her own self-portrait.She 　10　 the basic form of a head,the way she had been shown.From there,she used lines to plot the 　11　 of her face.The process took patience and 　12　.She had to take note of each detail.One wrong measurement could throw off the whole 　13　.
Alia was surprised by the structure and discipline involved in drawing a portrait.Measuring,studying details and 　14　 the basic nature of something 　15　 her of what she loved about science.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了因病没能选上生物课的Alia被迫学了美术,并在老师的指导下尝试画肖像,最终发现美术和科学也有共通点的故事。
1.A.full B.changeable C.busy D.tough
解析　句意:她本来希望选生物课,但等她选课的时候,生物课已经满了。full满的;changeable可改变的;busy忙的;tough艰难的。根据上文“Alia found herself disappointed...missing out on picking her classes due to illness.”可知,Alia由于生病而错过了选课,因此此处应该是说当她选课的时候,生物课已经被选满了,故选A项。
√
2.A.biology B.art C.physics D.medicine
解析　句意:但是艺术是如此……不科学的。biology生物;art艺术;physics物理;medicine医学。根据上文中的“drawing studio”及下文“The first class project was self-portraits (肖像).”可知,她最终选的是美术课,故选B项。
√
3.A.artbooks B.glass C.brushes D.mirrors
解析　句意:一些学生正在用镜子画自画像。artbooks画册,画集;glass眼镜;brushes刷子;mirrors镜子。根据“Others were working from photographs.”可知,此处指出一些学生画自画像的方式是参考镜子里呈现的样子,故选D项。
√
4.A.cared for B.searched for C.glanced at D.get rid of
解析　句意:Alia瞥了一眼那些不完整的轮廓,感觉就像一只猫在狗展上。care for照顾,关心;search for搜寻;glance at一瞥,扫视;get rid of清理,清除。根据上下文可知,Alia对美术不感兴趣,因此此处应该是说她瞥了一眼不完整的轮廓,故选C项。
√
5.A.punished B.approached C.blamed D.requested
解析　句意:老师走近她。punish惩罚;approach靠近;blame责备;request要求。根据下文老师说的话“‘Every portrait begins with a circle,’ he said.‘Then you create a series of lines.’”可知,老师在对Alia进行指导,因此此处指老师走近她,故选B项。
√
6.A.introduce B.demonstrate C.complete D.promote
解析　句意:为了演示这一点,他画了一组小巧而快速的肖像。introduce介绍;demonstrate演示,说明;complete完成;promote促进。根据“he drew a group of small,quick portraits”可知,此处指老师给Alia展示如何画,故选B项。
√
7.A.letter B.square C.circle D.dot
解析　句意:他先画了一个圆圈、几条直线和一个三角形,以确定眼睛、鼻子和下巴的位置。letter信,字母;square广场,正方形;circle圆形,圆圈;dot小圆点。根据上文“Every portrait begins with a circle”可知,此处是信息词circle的词汇复现,故选C项。
8.A.dominate B.delay C.dismiss D.determine
解析　句意同上。dominate控制;delay延迟;dismiss打发;determine决定,故选D项。
√
√
9.A.Surprisingly B.Excitedly
C.Hesitantly D.Disappointedly
解析　句意:犹豫着,Alia开始画自己的自画像。surprisingly令人惊讶地;excitedly兴奋地;hesitantly犹豫地;disappointedly失望地。该题为“大思维跨越”题。根据上文“Alia 　　　　the incomplete outlines,feeling like a cat in a dog show.”可知,Alia本来不喜欢画画,因此此处是犹豫着进行尝试,故选C项。
√
10.A.drew B.wrote C.printed D.typed
解析　句意:她按照老师给她演示的方式,画出了一个头的基本形状。draw画画;write写;print打印;type打字。根据“Alia began her own self-portrait”可知,此处表示画画,故选A项。
11.A.features B.sizes C.colors D.lengths
解析　句意:接着,她用线条勾勒出她的面部特征。feature特征,特点;size尺寸;color颜色;length长度。根据“of her face”可知,此处指画出面部特征,故选A项。
√
√
12.A.accuracy B.love C.courage D.humor
解析　句意:这个过程需要耐心和准确。accuracy准确度;love爱;courage勇气;humor幽默。根据“One wrong measurement could throw off”可知,这个过程需要准确,故选A项。
13.A.design B.paper C.portrait D.book
解析　句意:一个错误的测量可能会毁掉整个肖像。design设计;paper纸;portrait肖像;book书。根据上文“Alia began her own self-portrait”可知,此处是信息词portrait的词汇复现,故选C项。
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14.A.changing B.revealing
C.distinguishing D.understanding
解析　句意:测量、研究细节和揭示事物的本质让她想起了自己对科学的热爱。change改变;reveal揭示;distinguish区分,辨别;understand理解。根据第一段中的“from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things”可知,此处指揭示事物的本质,故选B项。
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15.A.warned B.informed C.suspect D.reminded
解析　句意同上。warn警告;inform通知;suspect怀疑;remind使想起。根据“Measuring,studying details and 　　　　the basic nature of something”可知,画画过程中涉及的一些东西让Alia想起了科学,故选D项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·石家庄高三模拟)
Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and an advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder 1.______________ (call) spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),which affects the muscles used for moving the body.At the age of one,he became 2.______________ (complete) paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down,making it difficult for him to breathe,feed himself,or move around without assistance.Despite these 3.______________ (challenge),Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology,4.______________ he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.
By now,Benjamin 5.______________ (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities,using his experiences to raise 6.______________ (aware) about the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities.He has also worked on 7.______________ (develop) assistive technologies,such as a voice-controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility.
In addition 8.______________ his work in technology,Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights,using his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with a disability.Through his writing and speaking engagement,he hopes to encourage others 9.______________ (accept) their differences and work towards creating 10.______________ more inclusive society for all.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了患有脊髓性肌萎缩的计算机科学家楼印根的病情、学术之路,以及他在为残疾人发声上所做的努力等。
1.called　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,构成非谓语动词短语作genetic disorder的后置定语。call与其逻辑主语genetic disorder之间是动宾关系,故填called。]
2.completely　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的形容词paralyzed,应用副词,故填completely。]
3.challenges　[考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知,challenge在此作名词,且可数,应用复数形式,故填challenges。]
4.where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示地点的名词Massachusetts Institute of Technology,从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。]
5.has become　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语By now可知,时态应用现在完成时;主语Benjamin和become之间是主动关系;主语Benjamin是第三人称单数,故填has become。]
6.awareness　[考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达raise awareness about,意为“提高对……的意识”,故填awareness。]
7.developing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作介词on的宾语,故填developing。]
8.to　[考查介词。此处考查固定表达 in addition to,意为“除……之外”,故填to。]
9.to accept　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达encourage sb to do sth,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,故填to accept。]
10.a　[考查冠词。空处修饰名词society,且名词前有形容词修饰。根据句意可知,此处表泛指,more的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:suburban adj.郊区的,城外的;Para.2:distinct adj.清晰的,清楚的,明显的;不同种类的;scream n.尖叫,大声叫;instruction n.用法说明,操作指南;命令,指示;reflection n.反映,显示,表达;native adj.土著的;当地的;
Para.3:relieve v.解除,减轻,缓和(不快或痛苦);abandoned adj.被离弃的,被遗弃的,被抛弃的;appealing adj.有吸引力的,令人感兴趣的;
Para.4:persuade v.说服,劝说;Para.5:opposite n.对立的人(或物);对立面,反面
B Para.2:recognition n.认可;conventional adj.传统的;Para.3:expectation n.期望;decision-making n.决策;Para.4:professional n.专业人士;outcome n.结果;
assumption n.假设
熟词生义 A Para.4:budget　熟义:n.预算;生义:v.谨慎花钱;把……编入预算
B Para.2:distance　熟义:n.距离;生义:v.疏远
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:line up排成一行,站队,排队(等候);Para.2:take off迅速成功,迅速走红;Para.4:reach out to...请求……的帮助
B Para.1:consist of由……组成;Para.3:jump to conclusions草率下结论; slow down慢下来;take the time花时间
长 难 句 式 B Para.3:Because expectations for decision-making have gone from“get it done soon”to“get it done now”to“it should have been done yesterday”, we tend to jump to conclusions instead of asking more questions.
[分析]　这是一个主从复合句。从属连词because引导原因状语从句。
[译文]　因为对决策的期望已经从“尽快完成”变成了“现在就完成”再到“昨天就应该完成”,我们倾向于草率下结论,而不是提出更多问题。

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