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选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3　Back to the past
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.format n.　　　 总体安排,设计;版式
2.voyage n. 航海,航行,航天
vi. 航行,远行
3.log n. 航海日志,正式记录;原木
vi.& vt. 伐木
4.route n. 路线,路途;途径,渠道
5.subsequent adj. 随后的,后来的
6.royal adj. 盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的
7.facilitate vt. 使便利,促进
8.thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响;打雷
n. 雷,雷声
9.chaos n. 混乱,杂乱
10.hatch vt. 密谋,策划;使孵出
vi. 孵化;孵出
11.pray vi.& vt. 企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告
12.cottage n. 小屋,村舍
13.tomb n. 坟墓
14.deck n. 甲板,舱面
15.captain n. 船长,机长;上校;队长
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.be loaded with china　　 满载着瓷器
2.insist on finding a taxi for me 坚持要帮我找一辆出租车
3.go aboard the plane 登上飞机
4.a gas leak 汽油泄漏
5.cause people in panic 使人们惊慌失措
6.swim to the shore against a strong current逆着湍急的水流游到岸边
7.available resources 可利用的资源
8.a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟
9.wear school uniform 穿校服
10.dive into the water 潜入水中
11.drag them into the lifeboat 把他们拖上救生艇
12.reform the social system 改革社会体制
13.dismiss employees 解雇员工
14.main plot 主要情节
15.sink into the mud 沉入泥中
16.day shift 日班
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.convince vt.　　　 使确信,使相信;说服,劝说
convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的
convinced adj. 坚信;确信
2.navigate vt. 航行;导航 vi. 导航
navigation n. 导航;航行;航海
3.strong adj. 强劲的;强壮的;强烈的
strength n. 体力;力气;强度;力量;长处
strengthen vt.& vi. 加强,增强
4.harmony n. 融洽,和睦;和谐
harmonious adj. 友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的
5.prove v. 证明
proof n. 证据,证明
6.acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢
acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢;确认
7.influence vt. 影响
n. 影响力;影响
influential adj. 有很大影响力的,有支配力的
8.finance n. 金融;财政;资金
financial adj. 财政的,金融的,财务的
9.short adj. 短的;矮的;短缺的
shortage n. 不足,短缺
shorten vt. 缩短;减少;变短
vi. 缩短;变短
10.astonish vt. 使十分惊讶,使吃惊
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的
astonishment n. 惊讶;惊异
11.exception n. 例外;例外的事物
exceptional adj. 杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的
12.adopt vt. 采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养
vi. 领养,收养
adopted adj. 收养的;领养的;被采用的
adoption n. 收养;采用
pare vt. 比较,对比;与……类似;将……比作
comparison n. 比较;对比
14.violence n. 暴力;暴行;激情
violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
violently adv. 猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地
15.freeze vi.& vt. (froze,frozen) 突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵
freezing adj. 极冷的;冰冻的;严寒的
frozen adj. 冷冻的;结冰的
16.blood n. 血,血液;血统
bleed vi.(bled,bled) 失血,流血
bleeding n. & adj. 流血(的);失血(的)
17.memory n. 记性,记忆力;内存,存储器;回忆
memorize vt. 记住,背熟;记忆
memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物
18.depart vi.& vt. 离开,起程
departure n. 离开,起程
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.deliver a speech 发表演讲
2.in the distance 在远处
3.as usual 像往常一样;照例
4.search for 寻找;搜索
5.sort out 理顺,整理;把……安排好
6.contrary to 与……相反
7.on behalf of 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了
8.regardless of 不管,不顾
9.get in touch with 和……取得联系
10.declare war on/against 向……宣战
11.keep logs of 记录
12.show interest in 对……有兴趣
13.pass on 传递
14.allow for 使成为可能;考虑到;把……计算在内
15.have an impact on 对……有影响
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot,legends have been passed on about this great explorer. (where引导限制性定语从句)
在郑和踏足过的国家和地区,关于这位伟大的探险家的传说代代相传。
2.As a teenager,he loved sailing,and he showed great interest in geography,which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman. (which引导非限制性定语从句)
十几岁的时候,他就喜欢航海,对地理表现出极大的兴趣,这激发了他成为一名水手。
3.On 3 August 1492,he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen. (with复合结构)
1492年8月3日,他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。
4.The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World. (that引导表语从句)
这位伟大探险家的主要贡献是他“发现了”新大陆。
5.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed many important geographical findings. (拟人)
他的航海开启了探险时代的新篇章,这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。
6.Russell was saved from the water,but he was badly burnt,bleeding heavily. (动作描写,分词短语作状语)
拉塞尔被从水中救了出来,但他被严重烧伤,血流不止。
词汇横拓串记
后缀 en动词一览 盘点“一字之差”的单词 “v.+on”短语小结
①strength→strengthen增强 ②short→shorten缩短 ③wide→widen (使)变宽 ④deep→deepen (使)变深 ⑤sharp→sharpen削尖,磨快 ⑥ripe→ripen (使)成熟 ①adapt适应→adopt收养 ②affect影响→effect影响;效果 ③sweat汗水→sweet甜的 ④expand扩张→expend花费 ⑤content内容→context上下文 ⑥steal偷→steel钢 ①pass on传递;传下去 ②rely on依靠;依赖 ③depend on依靠;取决于 ④take on雇用;呈现 ⑤put on上演;穿上 ⑥focus on集中于
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.keep logs of their voyages　 记录他们的航行
2.open up trade routes 开辟贸易路线
3.over the course of his three subsequent voyages在他随后的三次航行中
4.the African royal families 非洲王室
5.facilitate a positive change 促进积极变革
6.Microsoft Word format 微软文字格式
7.a thunder shower 雷阵雨
8.in chaos 混乱;纷乱
9.on the deck 在甲板上
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.dismiss vt.　　 不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散
2.insist vi.& vt. 坚决要求,坚持;坚持说
3.leak vi. 漏,渗漏;渗入
vt. 漏,渗漏;泄露
n. 漏洞
4.panic n. 惊恐,恐慌
vi.& vt.(panicked,panicked) (使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措
5.available adj. 可获得的,可找到的;有空的
6.pack vt.& vi. 塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装
n. 包,包裹;小盒,小包
7.load vt.& vi. 装上,装入
8.dive vi. 俯冲;跳水;潜水
n. 冲,扑;俯冲;潜水;跳水
9.plot n. 阴谋;故事情节
vi.& vt. 密谋
10.sink vi.& vt. (sank, sunk) 下沉,沉没;坐下;降低
11.uniform n. 制服;队服
adj. 一致的,统一的
12.drag vt. 拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动
13.reform vt. 改进,改良,改革
n. 改革,改良
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.convince vt. 使确信,使相信;说服,劝说
convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的
convinced adj. 坚信;确信
2.violence n. 暴力;暴行;激情
violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
violently adv. 猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地
3.influence vt. 影响
n. 影响力;影响
influential adj. 有很大影响力的,有支配力的
4.strong adj. 强劲的;强壮的;强烈的
strength n. 体力;力气;强度;力量;长处
strengthen vt.& vi. 加强,增强
5.exception n. 例外;例外的事物
exceptional adj. 杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的
6.compare vt. 比较,对比;与……类似;将……比作
comparison n. 比较;对比
7.short adj. 短的;矮的;短缺的
shortage n. 不足,短缺
shorten vt. 缩短;减少;变短
vi. 缩短;变短
8.harmony n. 融洽,和睦;和谐
harmonious adj. 友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的
9.finance n. 金融;财政;资金
financial adj. 财政的,金融的,财务的
10.astonish vt. 使十分惊讶,使吃惊
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的
astonishment n. 惊讶;惊异
11.memory n. 记性,记忆力;内存,存储器;回忆
memorize vt. 记住,背熟;记忆
memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.on behalf of　　　 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了
2.regardless of 不管,不顾
3.have an impact on 对……有影响
4.sort out 理顺,整理;把……安排好
5.contrary to 与……相反
6.get in touch with 和……取得联系
7.deliver a speech 发表演讲
8.show interest in 对……有兴趣
9.search for 寻找;搜索
10.as usual 像往常一样;照例
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型解读:拟人
The box office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015.
中国的电影票房收入见证了从2012年的170亿元到2015年的超过400亿元的持续增长。
2.句型公式:with复合结构
With too much work to do, I suffer from anxiety and can’t sleep well at night.
要做的工作太多了,我焦虑不安,晚上睡不好觉。
3.句型公式:which引导非限制性定语从句
The exciting result was completely beyond my expectations,which made me confused and uneasy. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这个令人兴奋的结果完全超出了我的预期,这让我感到困惑和不安。
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.Loaded with heavy goods,the truck ran very slowly.
2.He reached out a hand,grabbed her arm and dragged her back.
3.The explosion was said to be caused by a leaking gas pipe.
4.We will not be panicked into making a decision before we have considered all the evidence.
5.When I learned that I failed the exam,my heart sank.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Though the trip to the memorial was over,it left a permanent memory on me.I will memorize the deeds done by the heroes. (memory)
2.I was convinced of her innocence and the reasons I gave were convincing. (convince)
3.David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him. (strong)
4.To her astonishment,all the people present at the sports meeting were astonished at the astonishing news that such a little boy defeated his adult opponent in one round. (astonish)
5.He criticized violently that the government did little to stop the violence in the country. (violent)
Ⅲ.短语填空
on behalf of　as usual　deliver a speech　get in touch with　contrary to
1.When delivering a speech,if necessary,you can refer to your notes.
2.Although I got up with a headache,I went to work as usual.
3.On behalf of the Students’ Union,I am writing to invite you to attend the Mid Autumn party.
4.If you have any questions,please get in touch with me as soon as possible.
5.Contrary to the elegant lifestyle,he lived a simple and casual life.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Between 1405 and 1433,Zheng He 1.made(make) seven voyages on behalf of the Ming Dynasty.His ships 2.were loaded(load) with china,silk,tea and other 3.treasures(treasure) as gifts for foreign rulers in more than 30 countries and regions.Zheng He’s seven voyages had a great impact 4.on China and its neighbours.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now 5.widely(wide) acknowledged and he is remembered as one of China’s most 6.influential(influence) explorers.
Christopher Columbus was born in Italy.When he was young he loved sailing and showed great interest in geography,7.which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.In 1492,he departed from Spain with three ships 8.carrying(carry) about 90 crewmen.The major 9.contribution(contribute) of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World.His voyages opened 10.a new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
1.convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说(persuade)→convinced adj.坚信;确信→convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
佳句背诵　
You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that... 使某人相信……
be firmly convinced of/that...=hold the firm belief that... 坚信……
以练促学　一句多译
①我们坚信这些知识在我们与来自其他文化的人们交流时将会非常有益。
→We are firmly convinced that the knowledge will be very beneficial when communicating with people from other cultures. (convinced)
→We hold the firm belief that the knowledge will be of great benefit when communicating with people from other cultures. (belief)
教考衔接　单句写作
②My teacher convinced me to take part in the writing contest and at the same time,he convinced me of my ability/that I had the ability to create an interesting entry. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我的老师说服我参加写作比赛,同时,他让我相信我有能力创作一个有趣的参赛作品。
2.load n.负载;承载量;大量 vt.& vi.装上,装入
佳句背诵　
Feeling a load off her mind, Megan let out a deep sigh. (心理描写)
梅根感到轻松了许多,深深地叹了口气。
loads of=a load of 大量,许多
take a load off one’s mind打消某人的顾虑
get a load of... 注意,仔细看(常用于表示惊讶或羡慕)
load...with... 用……装载……
be loaded with... 装载着;充满着
load...into/onto... 把……装到……里/上去
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Knowing that the ship loaded (load) with goods didn’t sink took a load off our minds.
②Even though I have loads/a load of schoolwork to do,I’ll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and energetic.　尽管我有大量的功课要做,我还是会花一些空闲时间做运动,以便我能保持健康和精力充沛。
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③After some goodbyes,I asked George and his wife to help me load Tiffy into the plane. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
3.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实) (admit);(公开)感谢 →acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;确定
佳句背诵　
All of us acknowledge our monitor to be/as a generous, kind hearted and competent person, so he will be suitable for the position. (推荐信)
大家都认为我们的班长是一个慷慨、善良、能干的人,所以他会适合这个职位。
acknowledge...to be/as... 承认……是/作为……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
in acknowledgement of为感谢……
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Tom acknowledged being defeated (defeat)in the competition,which made us quite depressed.
②人们普遍承认阅读在许多方面都对我们有益。
→It’s widely acknowledged that reading benefits us in many ways. (acknowledge)
→It’s universally recognized that reading is beneficial to us in many ways. (recognize)
教考衔接　单句写作
③Confucius is acknowledged to be /as one of the greatest ancient educators in China,who greatly influenced China throughout the history. (人物介绍,2023·全国甲卷)
孔子被认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一,他在整个历史进程中深深地影响了中国。
4.insist vi.& vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说/认为;坚决主张
佳句背诵　
Only if you insist on pursuing your dream will you gain breakthroughs and make contributions to the world.　只有坚持追求梦想,你才能获得突破,才能为世界做出贡献。
insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事
insist (坚决要求/主张) that...(should) do (从句用虚拟语气)
insist (坚持说/认为) that...(从句用陈述语气)
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He insisted on walking (walk) me to the station to see me off,which nearly moved me to tears.
②I insist that we do simple things every day to protect the ocean and that everyone (should) take part in it. (海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
我坚持认为为了保护海洋我们每天应从小事做起,并且我坚决要求每个人都参与进来。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Since I was touched by his generosity, I insisted that I at least buy him lunch as my appreciation. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
由于为他慷慨的行为所感动,我坚持要至少请他吃顿午饭以示感谢。
5.panic n.惊恐,恐慌;惊慌 vi.& vt.(panicked,panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措
佳句背诵　
On hearing the roar, she panicked and began to cry.
听到吼声,她惊慌失措,开始哭了起来。
in panic 惊慌失措地;处在恐慌中
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
panic seizes/seized sb 某人惊慌失措
panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事
以练促学　单句写作
①Jane got into a panic,and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated. (情绪描写)
简陷入恐慌,她的心跳动得如此剧烈以至感觉快要窒息了。
②She was in panic/Panic seized her.She felt the blood in her body froze rapidly. (情绪描写)
她惊慌失措,感觉自己的血液都快速凝固起来。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Seeing the fierce bear hitting our fence,I screamed in panic. (情绪描写,浙江7月卷)
当看到那头凶猛的熊拍打我们的栅栏时,我惊慌失措地尖叫。
6.astonish vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊→astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
→astonishment n.惊讶;惊异
佳句背诵　
To my astonishment,the boys kept indifferent in the face of the astonishing phenomenon and what astonished them was my astonished look.
让我惊讶的是,男孩们面对这一惊人的现象无动于衷,而让他们惊讶的是我惊讶的表情。
It astonishes sb that... 令某人惊讶的是
be astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by sth 对某事感到惊讶
in astonishment 吃惊地
to one’s astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
以练促学　一句多译
①令我们惊讶的是,他在这么短的时间内就取得了如此大的进步。
→To our astonishment,he has made so great progress in such a short period. (astonishment)
→It is astonishing that he has made so great progress in such a short period. (it作形式主语)
→What astonishes us is that he has made so great progress in such a short period. (what引导主语从句)
教考衔接　语段训练
②Sleepy eyed mother was astonished to see the special breakfast. She was so astonished at/by what her twins did for her that she simply sat on the bed, lost for words. (情绪描写,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
睡眼惺忪的母亲看到这顿特别的早餐很吃惊。她对双胞胎为她所做的一切感到非常惊讶,以至于坐在床上说不出话来。
7.regardless of不顾,不管
佳句背诵　
With regard to the qualification of the competition,anybody is welcome to participate regardless of their English proficiency.
关于参赛资格,欢迎任何人参加活动,无论他们的英语熟练度如何。
regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实
in spite of/regardless of/despite 尽管(后跟名词、代词或动名词,不能引导从句)
with regard to 关于;就……来说
以练促学　单句写作
①Despite/In spite of the sufferings and hardships in life,she didn’t give up her dream and finally made it to the top.
尽管生活中有苦难,她还是没有放弃她的梦想,最终成为了顶尖。
教考衔接　单句写作
②Regardless of the fact that they lacked cooking experience,the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with great expectations. (动作描写,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
不顾他们缺乏烹饪经验的事实,双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为妈妈准备一顿特别的早餐。
片段巩固 用convince;load;acknowledge;insist;panic;astonishment;regardless of完成“科学博览会”的片段
写作提示:学生们有大量的项目要完成→学生们承认压力很大→老师说服他们保持专注,别惊慌→同时坚持强调团队合作的重要性→令每个人惊讶的是,不管面临什么挑战,他们都成功地完成了项目并自信地展示
　　The school’s science fair is just around the corner, and the students are under a heavy load of projects to complete. They acknowledge that they are very stressed.Knowing this, the teacher tries to convince them to stay focused and not to panic. Meanwhile, the teacher insists on emphasizing the importance of teamwork. To everyone’s astonishment, regardless of what challenges they face, they manage to pull through and present their projects with confidence.
句型解读:拟人
课本原句:His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
他的航海开启了探险时代的新篇章,这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。
佳句背诵　
After Steve learned this satisfactory result, a sense of joy and happiness swept over/flooded over him.　史蒂夫听到这个令人满意的结果后,一种喜悦和幸福的感觉涌上心头。
(1)witness、see、find常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语,表示某时或某地“目睹/发生/经历”了某事。
(2)a burst/wave/sense/feeling...of+表情感状态的名词+有灵动词(sweep,seize,defeat...)+sb 表“某人感到……”或“一阵/一种……向某人袭来”。
(3)主语(表示身体部位/“音、容、笑”的名词)+有灵动词(短语)。
以练促学　单句写作/翻译句子
①The past few decades have witnessed the sharp development of our country, together with many historic achievements.　最近的几十年我们国家飞速发展,取得许多历史性成就。
②Suffering and despair defeated me, and I fell sobbing on the doorstep. (情绪描写)
痛苦和绝望击垮了我,我倒在门阶上哭泣。
③一阵自豪和温暖的感觉涌上了她的心头。
A wave of pride and warmth swept over her.
教考衔接　单句写作
④Unfortunately, as our economy advances, recent years have seen the oceans being polluted. (海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
不幸的是,随着经济的发展,近年来海洋受到了污染。
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.The little girl who stayed at home alone froze with terror as the door slowly opened. v.停住不动,惊呆
2.I acknowledge my English teacher,without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English. vt.感谢
3.You should balance your strengths and weaknesses when applying for a university. n.优点
4.The plot to cheat the taxman was uncovered. n.阴谋
5.The room is in a mess,with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink. n.水槽
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.pack vt.& vi.塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装 n.包,包裹;小盒,小包;一群
①It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can pack them easily.(2023·全国甲卷) vt.装(箱)
②Two thousand students who came to attend the lecture packed the school hall. vt.挤进
③It is a shy animal which hunts at night,alone or in small packs. n.一群
④We saw many climbers carrying some food and drinks in their packs on their back. n.包,包裹
⑤The boy planned to buy his father a pack of cigarettes as a birthday gift using his change. n.小盒,小包
2.shift n.改变,转移;轮班vi.& vt.(使)移动;(使)转移;改变
①If you have to care for your children at home,you can switch your shift with some of us. n.轮班
②The White House hopes to shift the media’s attention away from foreign policy issues. vt.使转移
③He refused to shift his ground,even though many people advised him to. vt.改变
④It is said that a shift in the wind is expected tonight. n.改变
维度二　核心知识运用
1.It was this experience that changed my attitude towards him and our friendship has become more harmonious (harmony) since then.
2.Strange,isn’t it But that’s how nature is—always leaving us astonished (astonish).
3.Although three days isn’t very long, a shortage (short) of time was the least of his problems.
4.It is high time that we strengthen (strength) the study of marine knowledge and enhance the awareness of marine protection.
5.The old temple has seen (see) great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
6.Whether they should tell the child he or she is adopted often bothers the parents who have an adopted (adopt) child.
7.Everyone panicked (panic),and the girl started screaming.
8.The library is now a multimedia zone,loaded (load) with information in many formats.
9.His friends insisted that they had (have) no connection with the accident and that they should be set (set) free.
10.This reform is acknowledged as a milestone in the history of the development of our country.
维度三　完成句子
1.The last but very important part is that participants can ask questions so as to enable us learn more about space exploration.
最后但非常重要的部分是参与者可以提问题,以便我们能够更多地了解太空探索。
2.Finally,Jane climbed to the top where she could have a clear view of the mountains and forests.
简终于爬到了顶端,在那里她可以清楚地看到山脉和森林。
3.Lacking confidence and experience,Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.
由于缺乏自信和经验,简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
4.I consider it a great honor to stand here and deliver a speech about ocean protection.
我非常荣幸能站在这里发表关于海洋保护的演讲。
5.She kept her head down with her eyes fixed on the floor as usual.
她像往常一样低着头,眼睛盯着地板。
6.I feel honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our school.
我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(短文投稿——历史人物)
你校将举办“我最敬佩的历史人物”的征文活动,假设你是李华,请你写一篇短文向你校英语报投稿,内容包括:
1.人物姓名;
2.主要贡献;
3.对你的影响。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①中国悠久的历史见证了无数历史人物的起起伏伏。 (witness,拟人)
China’s long history has witnessed the ups and downs of countless historical figures.
②我深信在公认的中国历史人物中,范仲淹是最有影响力的。(acknowledge,influential,be convinced that,定语从句)
I’m convinced that among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged,Fan Zhongyan is the most influential.
③范仲淹知识渊博,心系国家,因为社会作出了巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。 (load,过去分词短语作状语)
Loaded with a wide range of knowledge and attached to the country, Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated for his great contributions to the society.
④他坚持要进行一系列的改革,使他的国家繁荣起来。 (insist on,reform,不定式短语作目的状语)
He insisted on carrying out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
⑤他提议建立一个全国性的学校体系,这对中国的教育体系产生了深远的影响。 (have a...impact on,非限制性定语从句)
He proposed the establishment of a national school system,which had a far reaching impact on the Chinese educational system.
⑥范仲淹是一个榜样,他一直鼓励我成为一个品格高尚的人。 (such...that...)
Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
The historical figure I admire most
China’s long history has witnessed the ups and downs of countless historical figures.
I’m convinced that among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged,Fan Zhongyan is the most influential.Here are the reasons.Loaded with a wide range of knowledge and attached to the country, Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated for his great contributions to the society.He insisted on carrying out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.Besides,he proposed the establishment of a national school system,which had a far reaching impact on the Chinese educational system.
In conclusion, Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作者受到朋友的启发,对参与志愿者活动产生了浓厚的兴趣,并成功报名参加了前往美国西弗吉尼亚州加里市的志愿者旅行。在那里,作者参与了建设新学校的工作。尽管工作辛苦,但得到了周围人的鼓励和支持,收获了一段难忘的经历。之后,作者决定挑战自己,想参加一次国外的志愿者活动。作者的目的地是中美洲国家洪都拉斯的一个偏远村庄,想教那里的穷孩子科学。
场景续写1:
“我”迫切希望参与→与父母商量→他们一开始并没有同意→担心“我”在国外的安全以及“我”可能会面临的挑战→“我”理解他们的顾虑→向他们保证“我”已做好准备,并且会得到志愿者团队的支持→他们终于同意了→“我”感到如释重负
Eager to participate,I talked to my parents,but they didn’t say yes at first.　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　场景续写2:
立刻开始为“我们”的科学教学做准备→收集资源,规划课程,并练习教学技巧→出发当天,“我们”满怀期待和冒险精神→抵达洪都拉斯时,“我们”受到了村民们的热情欢迎→孩子们渴望学习→他们的热情让“我们”的努力变得值得→他们教“我们”了解他们的文化和生活方式之美→这是一次互惠互利的经历→为“我们”所有人留下了难忘的回忆
Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Eager to participate,I talked to my parents,but they didn’t say yes at first.They worried about my safety in a foreign country and the challenges I might face.I understood their concerns,but I was determined to make a difference.I assured them of my preparedness and the support I would have from the volunteer group.After much persuasion,they finally agreed,and I felt a sense of relief and excitement.
Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching.We gathered resources,planned lessons,and practiced our teaching techniques.On the day of departure,we were filled with anticipation and a sense of adventure.Arriving in Honduras,we were greeted by the warm smiles of the villagers.The children were eager to learn,and their enthusiasm made our efforts worthwhile.We taught them about the wonders of science,and in return,they taught us about the beauty of their culture and way of life.It was a mutually beneficial experience that left us all with lasting memories.
　　(2023·全国乙卷阅读A)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However,Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511,Tan wrote a book,Sayings of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865,where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了历史上四位女医生的非凡经历。
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知,这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术,故选C项。]
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知,谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医,并通过了官方的考试,一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书,记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中均并未提到写书,因此选A项。]
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知,Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人,因此答案为D项。]
思维建模
应用文文体特点下的词汇积累
由于应用文中常常出现大量的缩写词和一些生词,这就要求考生平时要有意识地多积累一些常见的相关词语。
例如:
表数量、时间、路程:c.=circa (大约),doz=dozen,Max=maximum,Min=minimum,am=morning,
pm=afternoon,Mon=Monday,Jan.=January,hr=hour,hrs=hours,P.W.=perweek,ml=mile
表通信和影视设备:Te1.=telephone number,Ph.=phone
表媒体:BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation
表学历、职业:MA=Master of Arts,BS degree=bachelor’s degree (学士学位),prof.=professor,Dr.=doctor,VIP=very important person
表国家、组织、地点:the USA=the United States of America,the PRC=the People’s Republic of China,WTO=World Trade Organization,co.=company,Add(r).=address,Sta=Station,Mt=Mountain
表方向:s=south,n=north,w=west,e=east
其他:Lid=Limited,P=page,pop=popular,Xmas=Christmas,info=information,ad=advertisement,vs=versus,PC=personal computer等等。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:physician n.医生;surgery n.外科手术;Para.3:retire v.退休; Para.4:medical adj.医学;degree n.学位 Para.1:practice medicine从事医学;Para.2:official exam官方考试;Para.3:study medicine学医;Para.4:study in medical college在医学院学习;receive a medical degree获得医学学位; provide medical care提供医疗护理
析 长 难 语 句 Para.3:James Barry (c.1789 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. [句式分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中过去分词短语作状语,不定式短语表示目的。 [尝试翻译]　James Barry(约1789年 1865年)在爱尔兰出生时名为Margaret Bulkley,但通过女扮男装,她被爱丁堡大学录取,学习医学。 [语言赏析]　这句话通过简洁的叙述,有效地揭示了詹姆斯·巴里这一历史人物的独特性。句子表面看似简单,但隐含了当时社会性别歧视的背景,同时突显了巴里为追求职业梦想采取的非常规手段。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·东北三省四城市高三联考)
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time,the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (精辟的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever,by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch,but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated (认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand his genius,one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
【语篇解读】　本文是书评。文章主要介绍了一本名为《爱因斯坦革命》的书,书中两位专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
1.What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein
A.Opposing. B.Favorable.
C.Ambiguous. D.Indifferent.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知,这两个专家通过首次将爱因斯坦的作品置于科学知识进化的漫长的历程中,发现对于爱因斯坦大家都有一个普遍误解,大家都误以为爱因斯坦单独地、完全靠着个人的想法创造了现代物理学。由此可推知,这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度,故选A项。]
2.What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean
A.From nothing.
B.Up to a certain standard.
C.By learning from others.
D.With previous knowledge.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展,而不是对过去的革命性的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世的,而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸,故选A项。]
3.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists
A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C.Their research contributed to Einstein’s success.
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世的,而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家研发的经典物理学的自然延伸。所以作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果,故选C项。]
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A guidebook to a course.
B.An introduction to a book.
C.An essay on Albert Einstein.
D.A review of physics development.
答案　B　[文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的“The authors highlight...The book also includes”和第五段中的“Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知,本文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书,所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语,故选B项。]
(2025·郑州高三质量预测二)
You hate me.You don’t even know me and you hate me.Before we’ve even spoken,you hate me.At least that’s how it feels on my end of the call as a female collections officer at a call center.
I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system—first thing in the morning—because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call.
Sometimes it’s an easy task.The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts,and we get through the phone call with ease.Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight,or looking for someone to blame.Through the luck of the phone system,that person is me.
I’ve had people who shout at me,call me horrible names,accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me.Why I think it’s because I am invisible.I think I would be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face.Fortunately for me,I have had years of experience in customer service,so I’m fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me.
The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.That’s why I’m good at my job—I understand what you’re going through,and I’m here to help.
Some days though,no matter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone,it stays with me.I may do some deep breathing,go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air.I do this so I don’t carry that negativity on to my next call.That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life,but I don’t want to ever be the one who makes it worse.We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为呼叫中心催收员不被人尊重、常受人憎恶的经历和感悟。尽管作者也能换位思考、理解客户,但还是希望自己能够得到平等的对待和尊重。
5.What does the underlined word “dread” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Enjoy. B.Fear.
C.Expect. D.Avoid.
答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don’t even know me and you hate me.Before we’ve even spoken,you hate me.”可知,作者作为呼叫中心的催收员,在与客户的交往中,总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨,所以当作者每天登录电话系统时,她都会感到害怕,故选B项。]
6.Why does the author think some callers treat her badly
A.They get angry too easily.
B.They blame her for their debts.
C.They do not see her as a real person.
D.They accuse her of taking their money.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it’s because I am invisible.”可知,作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端,仿佛是一个隐形人,即不真实存在的人,故选C项。]
7.Why does the author think she is good at her job
A.She can offer callers best advice.
B.She is always respected by callers.
C.She can put herself in others’ shoes.
D.She isn’t easily influenced by negativity.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy(同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.”可知,作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是自己有同理心,能够理解打电话的人所处的境地,也就是说,作者能够换位思考,故选C项。]
8.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text
A.To call for understanding of her job.
B.To explain why she is good at her job.
C.To introduce what she is responsible for.
D.To complain about her being treated badly.
答案　A　[写作意图题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者在工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景;第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人;第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲到了自己能够应付的关键技能;再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.”可以推断出,作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作,故选A项。]
(2025·济南高三模拟)
Like many people over the past few years,I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature.I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting.My consumption of new books has doubled as a result—but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension.
The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel,both at the University of Chicago,and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing.According to this view,we have two ways of assessing information.System 1 is intuitive (直觉的),relying on natural ability and feeling.It is quick,but likely exposed to misinformation.System 2 is analytical,involving the use of logic reasoning.It is mentally demanding.When it is engaged,we think through the material step by step.
For decades,psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using.Imagine you’re helping prepare for a small dinner party and are tasked with arranging the dining settings for seven guests.Instinctively,you lay out seven complete sets of cutlery (餐具).However,your friend mentions that among the guests is a very young child,leading you to rethink your initial set up.Realizing the child won’t need a standard set of cutlery as the adult,you opt to replace it with a child friendly spoon.That is the kind of analytical process.
Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form—seeing vs.hearing—of the information would make a difference.They found that it did:when answering these kinds of simple questions,participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud,rather than written.
A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study.For this reason,I will return to reading non fiction with my eyes rather than my ears.But I won’t stop listening to novels.I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要围绕着作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历和体验展开,并结合一项关于信息处理方式的研究探讨了有声书可能对阅读理解产生的影响。
9.What does the author think of listening to audiobooks
A.It is economical.
B.It is demanding.
C.It is time consuming.
D.It is relaxing.
答案　D　[观点态度题。根据第一段中的“I find it far more comfortable to...new books has doubled as a result”可知,作者认为听有声书是一种“用耳朵阅读”的舒适的方式,同时还提到了通过听书,作者能在眼睛休息的同时享受文学作品。所以对作者来说,听有声书是一种放松和愉悦的活动,故选D项。]
10.Which of the following best describes System 2 model
A.Fairly reliable.
B.Fully automatic.
C.Question centered.
D.Emotion involved.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“System 2 is analytical...we think through the material step by step.”可知,系统2是分析性的,涉及逻辑推理的使用。它需要动脑筋,这时我们会逐步思考材料。由此可推知,System 2涉及逻辑推理和逐步考虑,因此这种方式在处理信息时通常更为准确和可靠,故选A项。]
11.Why is the dining setting task mentioned in Paragraph 3
A.To present a fact.
B.To illustrate a view.
C.To introduce a topic.
D.To draw a conclusion.
答案　B　[推理判断题。第三段摆餐桌的例子说的是,人们在面对看似简单的问题时首先依靠直觉快速做出反应(摆放七套餐具),然后在获得额外信息(其中一位客人是儿童)后,会切换到分析处理模式(将其中一套更换为对儿童友好的餐具)。再结合作者在介绍这一例子之前提到人们有两种信息处理方式——直觉的系统1和分析的系统2,可推知这个例子是用来解释说明这一观点的,故选B项。]
12.What does the author intend to tell us
A.Listening to books comes at a price.
B.Reading non fiction books benefits.
C.Critical thinking is a must in reading.
D.Ways of processing information differ.
答案　A　[写作意图题。根据第一段中的“but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension”和最后一段中的“A great reliance on our feelings...that needs logical study.”可知,本文作者通过引用研究,提示读者虽然听书能够为生活带来便利和享受,但可能会以牺牲深度理解和分析能力为代价,故选A项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·开封高三模拟)
Taking care of your emotional health is as important as taking care of your physical body.If your emotional health is out of balance,you may experience high blood pressure,ulcers (溃疡),chest pain,or a host of other physical symptoms.When you feel good about yourself,it’s much easier to cope with life’s little ups and downs as well as bigger events,such as divorce or a death.
　1　.These strategies will help you stay resilient (恢复力强的) through everyday stresses and when larger personal issues arise.
·Grow your circle of friends to expand your support system.
“It’s very important that you have a support group of friends and family,” Dr.Gardere says.“　2　—people who will listen to you when you need to get things off your chest—so that you know you’re not alone in whatever they are.”
·　3　.
You can eat what you want and enjoy it as long as you eat smaller portions and get regular exercise.Maintaining a healthy weight is important for your physical and emotional health.Besides,you can try some kinds of activities to relieve stress,like meditating or practicing yoga.　4　.Other stress reducing techniques include deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation.If you’re unsure of how to get started,take a class and learn how to practice on your own for 30 minutes,three times a week.
·Learn to say no and refrain from overextending yourself.
If you try to do more than you can handle,you will only end up frustrated and stressed out.There are times when someone asks you to do something you absolutely can’t do.　5　.
A.Form the habit of exercising regularly
B.Cultivate a healthy and moderate lifestyle
C.In this case,say no and explain why kindly but firmly
D.These types of activities are effective for stress management
E.You need people whom you can talk to about your problems
F.If your emotional problems are serious,see a mental health professional and get help
G.Here are three ways you can practice better stress management and boost your self esteem
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了保持情绪健康的几种方法。
1.G　[上文提到情绪健康和身体健康同等重要。空后提到“这些策略将帮助你在日常压力和更大的个人问题出现时迅速恢复”,故G项“以下是三种可以帮助你更好地管理压力并提升自尊的方法”符合语境。G项中的three ways与空后的These strategies构成词汇上的衔接关系,故选G项。]
2.E　[空后的破折号说明空后内容是对空处的解释说明。空后提到“当你需要倾诉心事时,会听你倾诉的人”,因此空处内容也应涉及类似的这些人,E项中的“people whom you can talk to about your problems”与此相呼应,故选E项。]
3.B　[空处是段落主旨句。根据其他小标题的特征可知,空处也应该是祈使句。再结合下文的“you eat smaller portions and get regular exercise”(你吃得少一点,经常锻炼)、“Maintaining a healthy weight”(保持健康的体重)以及“try some kinds of activities to relieve stress”(尝试一些活动来缓解压力)可知,B项“养成健康合理的生活方式”最能概括本段的内容,故选B项。]
4.D　[空前讲“此外你可以尝试一些活动来缓解压力,比如冥想或练习瑜伽”,空后又提到了其他减压技巧,故空处应该讲冥想或练习瑜伽等活动对缓解压力有好处。D项“这些类型的活动对压力管理是有效的”符合语境。D项中的“These types of activities”与空前的“some kinds of activities to relieve stress”相呼应,故选D项。]
5.C　[本段主要建议学会说不,避免让自己太劳累。空前讲有时候,有人会要求你做一些你绝对不能做的事情,因此空处应讲面对这种情况,你该如何做。C项“在这种情况下,说‘不’并友好但坚定地解释原因”符合语境,故选C项。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:genius n.天才;Para.2:misconception n.错误认识;误解;unconventional adj.不因循守旧的;不因袭的;新奇的;single handedly adv.单独地;Para.3:pioneer n.先锋;先驱;带头人; Para.4:highlight v.突出;强调;substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的; Para.5:thought provoking adj.发人深省的;引人深思的;scholarly adj.学术的;学术性的
B Para.4:accuse v.控告,指责;disrespect n.不尊敬,失礼,无礼;fairly adv.一定地,相当地
A Para.3:argue　熟义:vt.争论;生义:vt.主张
B Para.6:stick　熟义:n.枝条,枯枝v.刺穿,扎入,插入;粘,贴(某物);生义:v.把……放(某处)
A Para.5:take...into account把……考虑进去
B Para.2:log on登录,注册,进入
长 难 句 式 A Para.4:When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated the theory of relativity. [分析]　that引导宾语从句,从句为含蓄虚拟语气,表对过去的虚拟。 [译文]　当爱因斯坦认为自己站在了他们肩膀上时,他的意思是如果没有他们的贡献,他就不可能认真阐述出相对论。
B Para.5:I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there. [分析]　which引导定语从句,修饰先行词situation;because引导原因状语从句。 [译文]　我能理解来电者所处的境地,因为我也经历过。(共158张PPT)
UNIT 3　Back to the past
选择性必修第三册
主题语境:重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.format n. 总体安排,设计;版式
2.voyage n. 航海,航行,航天
vi. 航行,远行
3.log n. 航海日志,正式记录;原木
vi.& vt. 伐木
4.route n. 路线,路途;途径,渠道
5.subsequent adj. 随后的,后来的
6.royal adj. 盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的
7.facilitate vt. 使便利,促进
8.thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响;打雷
n. 雷,雷声
9.chaos n. 混乱,杂乱
10.hatch vt. 密谋,策划;使孵出
vi. 孵化;孵出
11.pray vi.& vt. 企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告
12.cottage n. 小屋,村舍
13.tomb n. 坟墓
14.deck n. 甲板,舱面
15.captain n. 船长,机长;上校;队长
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.be loaded with china　　 满载着瓷器
2.insist on finding a taxi for me 坚持要帮我找一辆出租车
3.go aboard the plane 登上飞机
4.a gas leak 汽油泄漏
5.cause people in panic 使人们惊慌失措
6.swim to the shore against a strong current逆着湍急的水流游到岸边
7.available resources 可利用的资源
8.a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟
9.wear school uniform 穿校服
10.dive into the water 潜入水中
11.drag them into the lifeboat 把他们拖上救生艇
12.reform the social system 改革社会体制
13.dismiss employees 解雇员工
14.main plot 主要情节
15.sink into the mud 沉入泥中
16.day shift 日班
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.convince vt. 使确信,使相信;说服,劝说
　convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的
　convinced adj. 坚信;确信
2.navigate vt. 航行;导航 vi. 导航
　navigation n. 导航;航行;航海
3.strong adj. 强劲的;强壮的;强烈的
　strength n. 体力;力气;强度;力量;长处
　strengthen vt.& vi. 加强,增强
4.harmony n. 融洽,和睦;和谐
　harmonious adj. 友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的
5.prove v. 证明
　proof n. 证据,证明
6.acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢
　acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢;确认
7.influence vt. 影响
　　　　　n. 影响力;影响
　influential adj. 有很大影响力的,有支配力的
8.finance n. 金融;财政;资金
　financial adj. 财政的,金融的,财务的
9.short adj. 短的;矮的;短缺的
　shortage n. 不足,短缺
　shorten vt. 缩短;减少;变短
　　　　vi. 缩短;变短
10.astonish vt. 使十分惊讶,使吃惊
　astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
　astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的
　astonishment n. 惊讶;惊异
11.exception n. 例外;例外的事物
　exceptional adj. 杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的
12.adopt vt. 采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养
vi. 领养,收养
　adopted adj. 收养的;领养的;被采用的
　adoption n. 收养;采用
pare vt. 比较,对比;与……类似;将……比作
　comparison n. 比较;对比
14.violence n. 暴力;暴行;激情
　violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
　violently adv. 猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地
15.freeze vi.& vt. (froze,frozen) 突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵
　freezing adj. 极冷的;冰冻的;严寒的
　frozen adj. 冷冻的;结冰的
16.blood n. 血,血液;血统
　bleed vi.(bled,bled) 失血,流血
　bleeding n. & adj. 流血(的);失血(的)
17.memory n. 记性,记忆力;内存,存储器;回忆
　memorize vt. 记住,背熟;记忆
　memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物
18.depart vi.& vt. 离开,起程
　departure n. 离开,起程
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.deliver a speech 发表演讲
2.in the distance 在远处
3.as usual 像往常一样;照例
4.search for 寻找;搜索
5.sort out 理顺,整理;把……安排好
6.contrary to 与……相反
7.on behalf of 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了
8.regardless of 不管,不顾
9.get in touch with 和……取得联系
10.declare war on/against 向……宣战
11.keep logs of 记录
12.show interest in 对……有兴趣
13.pass on 传递
14.allow for 使成为可能;考虑到;把……计算在内
15.have an impact on 对……有影响
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot,legends have been passed on about this great explorer.
(where引导限制性定语从句)
　在郑和踏足过的国家和地区,关于这位伟大的探险家的传说代代
相传。
2.As a teenager,he loved sailing,and he showed great interest in geography,which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
　十几岁的时候,他就喜欢航海,对地理表现出极大的兴趣,这激发了他成为一名水手。
3.On 3 August 1492,he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.(with复合结构)
　1492年8月3日,他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。
4.The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World.(that引导表语从句)
　这位伟大探险家的主要贡献是他“发现了”新大陆。
5.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.(拟人)
　他的航海开启了探险时代的新篇章,这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。
6.Russell was saved from the water,but he was badly burnt,bleeding heavily.(动作描写,分词短语作状语)
　拉塞尔被从水中救了出来,但他被严重烧伤,血流不止。
词汇横拓串记
后缀-en动词一览 盘点“一字之差”的单词 “v.+on”短语小结
①strength→strengthen增强 ②short→shorten缩短 ③wide→widen　(使)变宽 ④deep→deepen　(使)变深 ⑤sharp→sharpen削尖,磨快 ⑥ripe→ripen(使)成熟 ①adapt适应→adopt收养 ②affect影响→effect影响;效果 ③sweat汗水→sweet甜的 ④expand扩张→expend花费 ⑤content内容→context上下文 ⑥steal偷→steel钢 ①pass on传递;传下去
②rely on依靠;依赖
③depend on依靠;取决于
④take on雇用;呈现
⑤put on上演;穿上
⑥focus on集中于
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.keep logs of their voyages 　　　　　　他们的　　　　　　
2.open up trade routes　　　 开辟贸易　　　　　
3.over the course of his three subsequent voyages
在他　　　　　　三次航行中
4.the African royal families 非洲　　　　　　室
5.facilitate a positive change 　　　　　　积极变革
记录
Step One　写一写
航行
路线
随后的
王
促进
6.Microsoft Word format 微软文字　　　　　
7.a thunder shower 　　　　　　阵雨
8.in chaos 　　　　　
9.on the deck 在　　　　　　上
格式
雷
混乱;纷乱
甲板
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散
2.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说
3.　　　　　　 vi. 漏,渗漏;渗入
vt. 漏,渗漏;泄露
n. 漏洞
dismiss
insist
leak
4.　　　　　　 n. 惊恐,恐慌
vi.& vt.(　　　　　　,　　　　　　) (使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措
5.　　　　　　 adj. 可获得的,可找到的;有空的
6.　　　　　　 vt.& vi. 塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装
n. 包,包裹;小盒,小包
7.　　　　　　 vt.& vi. 装上,装入
panic
panicked
panicked
available
pack
load
8.　　　　　　 vi. 俯冲;跳水;潜水
n. 冲,扑;俯冲;潜水;跳水
9.　　　　　　 n. 阴谋;故事情节
vi.& vt. 密谋
10.　　　　　　 vi.& vt. (　　　　　　, 　　　　　　)
下沉,沉没;坐下;降低
dive
plot
sink
sank
sunk
11.　　　　　　 n. 制服;队服
adj. 一致的,统一的
12.　　　　　　 vt. 拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动
13.　　　　　　 vt. 改进,改良,改革
n. 改革,改良
uniform
drag
reform
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 vt. 使确信,使相信;说服,劝说
　　　　　　　 adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的
　　　　　　　 adj. 坚信;确信
2.　　　　　　 n. 暴力;暴行;激情
　　　　　　　 adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
　　　　　　　 adv. 猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地
convince
convincing
convinced
violence
violent
violently
3.　　　　　　 vt. 影响
　　　　　　　n. 影响力;影响
　　　　　　　 adj. 有很大影响力的,有支配力的
4.　　　　　　 adj. 强劲的;强壮的;强烈的
　　　　　　　 n. 体力;力气;强度;力量;长处
　　　　　　　 vt.& vi.加强,增强
influence
influential
strong
strength
strengthen
5.　　　　　　 n. 例外;例外的事物
　　　　　　　 adj. 杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的
6.　　　　　　 vt. 比较,对比;与……类似;将……比作
　　　　　　　 n. 比较;对比
7.　　　　　　 adj. 短的;矮的;短缺的
　　　　　　　 n. 不足,短缺
　　　　　　　 vt. 缩短;减少;变短
　　　　　　　vi. 缩短;变短
exception
exceptional
compare
comparison
short
shortage
shorten
8.　　　　　　 n. 融洽,和睦;和谐
　　　　　　　 adj. 友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的
9.　　　　　　 n. 金融;财政;资金
　　　　　　　 adj. 财政的,金融的,财务的
10.　　　　　　 vt. 使十分惊讶,使吃惊
　　　　　　　 adj. 令人惊讶的
　　　　　　　 adj. 感到十分惊讶的
　　　　　　　 n. 惊讶;惊异
harmony
harmonious
finance
financial
astonish
astonishing
astonished
astonishment
11.　　　　　　 n. 记性,记忆力;内存,存储器;回忆
　　　　　　　 vt. 记住,背熟;记忆
　　　　　　　 n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物
memory
memorize
memorial
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　代表(或代替);为帮助;为了
2.　　　　　　　 不管,不顾
3.　 　　　　　　 对……有影响
4.　　　　　　　 理顺,整理;把……安排好
5.　　　　　　　 与……相反
6.　　　　　　　 和……取得联系
on behalf of
regardless of
have an impact on
sort out
contrary to
get in touch with
7.deliver a speech 　　　　　　　
8.show interest in 　　　　　　　
9.search for 　　　　　　　
10.as usual 　　　　　　　
发表演讲
对……有兴趣
寻找; 搜索
像往常一样; 照例
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型解读:拟人
　The box-office income of Chinese movies 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015.
　中国的电影票房收入见证了从2012年的170亿元到2015年的超过400亿元的持续增长。
witnessed a constant
increase
2.句型公式:with复合结构
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I suffer from anxiety and can't sleep well at night.
　要做的工作太多了,我焦虑不安,晚上睡不好觉。
3.句型公式:which引导非限制性定语从句
　The exciting result was completely beyond my expectations,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 . (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
　这个令人兴奋的结果完全超出了我的预期,这让我感到困惑和不安。
With too much work to do
which made me confused and uneasy
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.L　　　　　　 with heavy goods,the truck ran very slowly.
2.He reached out a hand,grabbed her arm and d　　　　　　 her back.
3.The explosion was said to be caused by a l　　　　　　 gas pipe.
4.We will not be p　　　　　　 into making a decision before we have considered all the evidence.
5.When I learned that I failed the exam,my heart s　　　　　　.
oaded
Step Two　练一练
ragged
eaking
anicked
ank
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Though the trip to the 　　　　　　was over,it left a permanent
　　　　　　on me.I will 　　　　　　the deeds done by the heroes.(memory)
2.I was 　　　　　　of her innocence and the reasons I gave were 　　　　　　.(convince)
3.David has a 　　　　　　body.He has the 　　　　　　to do this hard work.We had better 　　　　　　the relationship with him.(strong)
memorial
memory
memorize
convinced
convincing
strong
strength
strengthen
4.To her 　　　 　　　,all the people present at the sports meeting were 　　　　　　at the 　　　　　　news that such a little boy defeated his adult opponent in one round.(astonish)
5.He criticized 　　　　　　that the government did little to stop the
　　　　　　in the country.(violent)
astonishment
astonished
astonishing
violently
violence
Ⅲ.短语填空
on behalf of　as usual　deliver a speech　get in touch with contrary to
1.When 　　　　 　　,if necessary,you can refer to your notes.
2.Although I got up with a headache,I went to work 　　　　　　.
3.　　　　　　 the Students' Union,I am writing to invite you to attend the Mid-Autumn party.
4.If you have any questions,please 　 　　　　me as soon as possible.
5.　　　　　　 the elegant lifestyle,he lived a simple and casual life.
delivering a speech
as usual
On behalf of
get in touch with
Contrary to
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Between 1405 and 1433,Zheng He 1.　　　　　　(make) seven voyages on behalf of the Ming Dynasty.His ships 2.　　　　　　(load) with china,silk,tea and other 3.　　　　　　(treasure) as gifts for foreign rulers in more than 30 countries and regions.Zheng He's seven voyages had a great impact 4.　　　　　　 China and its
made
were loaded
treasures
on
neighbours.Zheng He's accomplishments are now 5.　　　　　 (wide) acknowledged and he is remembered as one of China's most 6.　　　　　　 (influence) explorers.
widely
influential
Christopher Columbus was born in Italy.When he was young he loved sailing and showed great interest in geography,
7.　　　　　　 inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.In 1492,he departed from Spain with three ships 8.　　　　　　(carry) about 90 crewmen.The major 9.　　　　　　(contribute) of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World.His voyages opened 10.　　　　　　 new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
which
carrying
contribution
a
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.2 写作迁移
1.convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说(persuade)→convinced adj.
坚信;确信→convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
佳句背诵　
You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that... 使某人相信……
be firmly convinced of/that...=hold the firm belief that... 坚信……
以练促学　一句多译
①我们坚信这些知识在我们与来自其他文化的人们交流时将会非常有益。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
when communicating with people from other cultures.(convinced)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
when communicating with people from other cultures.(belief)
We are firmly convinced that the knowledge will be very beneficial
We hold the firm belief that the knowledge will be of great benefit
教考衔接　单句写作
②My teacher 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 and at the same time,he 　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 . (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
我的老师说服我参加写作比赛,同时,他让我相信我有能力创作一个有趣的参赛作品。
convinced me to take part in the writing contest
convinced me of my ability/that I had the ability to create an interesting entry
2.load n.负载;承载量;大量 vt.& vi.装上,装入
佳句背诵　
Feeling a load off her mind, Megan let out a deep sigh.(心理描写)
梅根感到轻松了许多,深深地叹了口气。
loads of=a load of 大量,许多
take a load off one’s mind 打消某人的顾虑
get a load of... 注意,仔细看(常用于表示惊讶或羡慕)
load...with... 用……装载……
be loaded with... 装载着;充满着
load...into/onto... 把……装到……里/上去
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Knowing that the ship 　　　　　　(load) with goods didn’t sink took a load 　　　　　　　 our minds.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I’ll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and energetic.
尽管我有大量的功课要做,我还是会花一些空闲时间做运动,以便我能保持健康和精力充沛。
loaded
off
Even though I have loads/a load of schoolwork to do
教考衔接　单句语法填空
③After some goodbyes,I asked George and his wife to help me load Tiffy 　　　　　　the plane.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
into
3.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实) (admit);(公开)感谢
→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;确定
佳句背诵　
All of us acknowledge our monitor to be/as a generous, kind-hearted and competent person, so he will be suitable for the position.(推荐信)
大家都认为我们的班长是一个慷慨、善良、能干的人,所以他会适合这个职位。
acknowledge...to be/as... 承认……是/作为……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
in acknowledgement of 为感谢……
以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Tom acknowledged 　　　　　　　　 (defeat)in the competition, which made us quite depressed.
being defeated
②人们普遍承认阅读在许多方面都对我们有益。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　reading benefits us in many ways.(acknowledge)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 reading is beneficial to us in many ways.(recognize)
It's widely acknowledged that
It's universally recognized that
教考衔接　单句写作
③Confucius 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　in China, who greatly influenced China throughout the history.(人物介绍,2023·全国甲卷)
孔子被认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一,他在整个历史进程中深深地影响了中国。
is acknowledged to be /as one of the greatest ancient educators
4.insist vi.& vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说/认为;坚决主张
佳句背诵　
Only if you insist on pursuing your dream will you gain breakthroughs and make contributions to the world.
只有坚持追求梦想,你才能获得突破,才能为世界做出贡献。
insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事
insist (坚决要求/主张) that...(should) do (从句用虚拟语气)
insist (坚持说/认为) that...(从句用陈述语气)
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He insisted on 　　　　　　(walk) me to the station to see me off,which nearly moved me to tears.
②I insist that we 　　　　　　　　　　　　 every day to protect the ocean and that everyone 　　　　　　　　 　　 .
(海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
我坚持认为为了保护海洋我们每天应从小事做起,并且我坚决要求每个人都参与进来。
walking
do simple things
(should) take part in it
教考衔接　单句写作
③Since I was touched by his generosity, 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　 as my appreciation.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
由于为他慷慨的行为所感动,我坚持要至少请他吃顿午饭以示感谢。
I insisted that I at least
buy him lunch
5.panic n.惊恐,恐慌;惊慌 vi.& vt.(panicked,panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊
慌失措
佳句背诵　
On hearing the roar, she panicked and began to cry.
听到吼声,她惊慌失措,开始哭了起来。
in panic 惊慌失措地;处在恐慌中
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
panic seizes/seized sb 某人惊慌失措
panic sb into doing sth使某人惊慌地做某事
以练促学　单句写作
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　, and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated.(情绪描写)
简陷入恐慌,她的心跳动得如此剧烈以至感觉快要窒息了。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.She felt the blood in her body froze rapidly.(情绪描写)
她惊慌失措,感觉自己的血液都快速凝固起来。
Jane got into a panic
She was in panic/Panic seized her
教考衔接　单句写作
③Seeing the fierce bear hitting our fence,　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(情绪描写,浙江7月卷)
当看到那头凶猛的熊拍打我们的栅栏时,我惊慌失措地尖叫。
I screamed in panic
6.astonish vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊→astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的
→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶;惊异
佳句背诵　
To my astonishment,the boys kept indifferent in the face of the astonishing phenomenon and what astonished them was my astonished look.
让我惊讶的是,男孩们面对这一惊人的现象无动于衷,而让他们惊讶的是我惊讶的表情。
It astonishes sb that... 令某人惊讶的是
be astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by sth 对某事感到惊讶
in astonishment 吃惊地
to one’s astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
以练促学　一句多译
①令我们惊讶的是,他在这么短的时间内就取得了如此大的进步。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he has made so great progress in such a short period.(astonishment)
→　　　　　　　　　　 　　 he has made so great progress in such a short period.(it作形式主语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 he has made so great progress in such a short period.(what引导主语从句)
To our astonishment
It is astonishing that
What astonishes us is that
教考衔接　语段训练
②Sleepy-eyed mother was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 that she simply sat on the bed, lost for words.(情绪描写,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
睡眼惺忪的母亲看到这顿特别的早餐很吃惊。她对双胞胎为她所做的一切感到非常惊讶,以至于坐在床上说不出话来。
astonished to see the special breakfast.
was so astonished at/by what her twins did for her
7.regardless of不顾,不管
佳句背诵　
With regard to the qualification of the competition,anybody is welcome to participate regardless of their English proficiency.
关于参赛资格,欢迎任何人参加活动,无论他们的英语熟练度如何。
regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实
in spite of/regardless of/despite 尽管(后跟名词、代词或动名词,
不能引导从句)
with regard to　　 关于;就……来说
以练促学　单句写作
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　, she didn’t give up her dream and finally made it to the top.
尽管生活中有苦难,她还是没有放弃她的梦想,最终成为了顶尖。
教考衔接　单句写作
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 , the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(动作描写,2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 不顾他们缺乏烹饪经验的事实,双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为妈妈准备一顿特别的早餐。
Despite/In spite of the sufferings and hardships in life
Regardless of the fact that they lacked cooking experience
The school's science fair is just around the corner, and the students are under a heavy load of projects to complete. They acknowledge that they are very stressed.Knowing this, the teacher tries to convince them to stay focused and not to panic. Meanwhile, the teacher insists on emphasizing the importance of teamwork. To everyone's astonishment, regardless of what challenges they face, they manage to pull through and present their projects with confidence.
句型解读:拟人
课本原句:His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed many important geographical findings. 他的航海开启了探险时代的新篇章,这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。
佳句背诵　
After Steve learned this satisfactory result, a sense of joy and happiness swept over/flooded over him.　史蒂夫听到这个令人满意的结果后,一种喜悦和幸福的感觉涌上心头。
(1)witness、see、find常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语,表示某时或某地“目睹/发生/经历”了某事。
(2)a burst/wave/sense/feeling...of+表情感状态的名词+有灵动词(sweep,seize,defeat...)+sb 表“某人感到……”或“一阵/一种……向某人袭来”。
(3)主语(表示身体部位/“音、容、笑”的名词)+有灵动词(短语)。
以练促学　单句写作/翻译句子
①The past few decades 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　 , together with many historic achievements.
最近的几十年我们国家飞速发展,取得许多历史性成就。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　, and I fell sobbing on the doorstep.(情绪描写)
痛苦和绝望击垮了我,我倒在门阶上哭泣。
have witnessed the sharp development
of our country
Suffering and despair defeated me
③一阵自豪和温暖的感觉涌上了她的心头。
　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
教考衔接　单句写作
④Unfortunately, as our economy advances, recent years
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (海洋保护,2022·全国甲卷)
不幸的是,随着经济的发展,近年来海洋受到了污染。
A wave of pride and warmth swept over her.
have seen the oceans being polluted
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.The little girl who stayed at home alone froze with terror as the door slowly opened. 　 　　　　
2.I acknowledge my English teacher,without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English. 　　　　　
3.You should balance your strengths and weaknesses when applying for a university. 　　　　　
v.停住不动,惊呆
vt.感谢
n.优点
4.The plot to cheat the taxman was uncovered. 　　　　　
5.The room is in a mess,with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink. 　　　　　
n.阴谋
n.水槽
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.pack vt.& vi.塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装 n.包,包裹;小盒,小包;
一群
vt.装(箱)
①It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can pack them easily.(2023·全国甲卷) 　　　　　
②Two thousand students who came to attend the lecture packed the school hall. 　　　　　
vt.挤进
n.一群
③It is a shy animal which hunts at night,alone or in small packs.
　　　　　
④We saw many climbers carrying some food and drinks in their packs on their back. 　　　　　
⑤The boy planned to buy his father a pack of cigarettes as a birthday gift using his change. 　　　　　
n.包,包裹
n.小盒,小包
2.shift n.改变,转移;轮班vi.& vt.(使)移动;(使)转移;改变
n.轮班
①If you have to care for your children at home,you can switch your shift with some of us. 　　　　　
②The White House hopes to shift the media’s attention away from foreign policy issues. 　　　　　
③He refused to shift his ground,even though many people advised him to. 　　　　　
④It is said that a shift in the wind is expected tonight. 　　　　　
vt.使转移
vt.改变
n.改变
维度二　核心知识运用
1.It was this experience that changed my attitude towards him and our friendship has become more 　　　　　　(harmony) since then.
2.Strange,isn’t it But that’s how nature is—always leaving us
　　　　　　　　 (astonish).
3.Although three days isn’t very long, a 　　　　　　(short) of time was the least of his problems.
harmonious
astonished
shortage
4.It is high time that we 　　　　　　(strength) the study of marine knowledge and enhance the awareness of marine protection.
5.The old temple 　　　　　　(see) great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
6.Whether they should tell the child he or she is adopted often bothers the parents who have an 　　　　　(adopt) child.
7.Everyone 　　　　　　(panic),and the girl started screaming.
strengthen
has seen
adopted
panicked
8.The library is now a multimedia zone,　　　　　　 (load) with information in many formats.
9.His friends insisted that they 　　　　　　(have) no connection with the accident and that they should 　　　　　　(set) free.
10.This reform is acknowledged 　　　　　　 a milestone in the history of the development of our country.
loaded
had
be set
as
维度三　完成句子
1.The last but very important part is　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　 so as to enable us learn more about space exploration.
最后但非常重要的部分是参与者可以提问题,以便我们能够更多地了解太空探索。
that participants can
ask questions
2.Finally,Jane climbed to the top 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and forests.
简终于爬到了顶端,在那里她可以清楚地看到山脉和森林。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.
由于缺乏自信和经验,简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
where she could have a clear
view of the mountains
Lacking confidence and experience
4.I consider it a great honor to stand here and　　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我非常荣幸能站在这里发表关于海洋保护的演讲。
5.She kept her head down 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 .
她像往常一样低着头,眼睛盯着地板。
6.I feel honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　.
我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。
deliver a speech
about ocean protection
with her eyes fixed on the floor as usual
on behalf of our school
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(短文投稿——历史人物)
　　你校将举办“我最敬佩的历史人物”的征文活动,假设你是李华,请你写一篇短文向你校英语报投稿,内容包括:
1.人物姓名;
2.主要贡献;
3.对你的影响。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①中国悠久的历史见证了无数历史人物的起起伏伏。(witness,拟人)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
China's long history has witnessed the ups and downs of countless historical figures.
②我深信在公认的中国历史人物中,范仲淹是最有影响力的。(acknowledge,influential,be convinced that,定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
I'm convinced that among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged,Fan Zhongyan is the most influential.
③范仲淹知识渊博,心系国家,因为社会作出了巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。(load,过去分词短语作状语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Loaded with a wide range of knowledge and attached to the country, Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated for his great contributions to the society.
④他坚持要进行一系列的改革,使他的国家繁荣起来。(insist on,reform,不定式短语作目的状语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
He insisted on carrying out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
⑤他提议建立一个全国性的学校体系,这对中国的教育体系产生了深远的影响。(have a...impact on,非限制性定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
He proposed the establishment of a national school system,which had a far-reaching impact on the Chinese educational system.
⑥范仲淹是一个榜样,他一直鼓励我成为一个品格高尚的人。(such...that...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
The historical figure I admire most
China's long history has witnessed the ups and downs of countless historical figures.
I'm convinced that among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged,Fan Zhongyan is the most influential.Here are the reasons.Loaded with a wide range of knowledge and attached to the country, Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated for his great
contributions to the society.He insisted on carrying out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.Besides,he proposed the establishment of a national school system,which had a far-reaching impact on the Chinese educational system.
In conclusion, Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作者受到朋友的启发,对参与志愿者活动产生了浓厚的兴趣,并成功报名参加了前往美国西弗吉尼亚州加里市的志愿者旅行。在那里,作者参与了建设新学校的工作。尽管工作辛苦,但得到了周围人的鼓励和支持,收获了一段难忘的经历。之后,作者决定挑战自己,想参加一次国外的志愿者活动。作者的目的地是中美洲国家洪都拉斯的一个偏远村庄,想教那里的穷孩子科学。
场景续写1:
“我”迫切希望参与→与父母商量→他们一开始并没有同意→担心“我”在国外的安全以及“我”可能会面临的挑战→“我”理解他们阿的顾虑→向他们保证“我”已做好准备,并且会得到志愿者团队的支持→他们终于同意了→“我”感到如释重负
Eager to participate,I talked to my parents,but they didn’t say yes at first.
【参考范文】
Eager to participate,I talked to my parents,but they didn't say yes at first. They worried about my safety in a foreign country and the challenges I might face.I understood their concerns,but I was determined to make a difference.I assured them of my preparedness and the support I would have from the volunteer group.After much persuasion,they finally agreed,and I felt a sense of relief and excitement.
Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching. We gathered resources,planned lessons,and practiced our teaching techniques.On the day of departure,we were filled with anticipation and a sense of adventure.Arriving in Honduras,we were greeted by the warm smiles of the villagers.The children were eager to learn,and their enthusiasm made our efforts worthwhile.We taught them about the wonders of science,and in return,they taught us about the beauty of their culture and way of life.It was a mutually beneficial experience that left us all with lasting memories.
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2023·全国乙卷阅读A)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However,Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511,Tan wrote a book,Sayings of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865,where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了历史上四位女医生的非凡经历。
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知,这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术,故选C项。
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知,谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医,并通过了官方的考试,一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书,记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中均并未提到写书,因此选A项。
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知,Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人,因此答案为D项。
思维建模
应用文文体特点下的词汇积累
由于应用文中常常出现大量的缩写词和一些生词,这就要求考生平时要有意识地多积累一些常见的相关词语。
例如:
表数量、时间、路程:c.=circa (大约),doz=dozen, Max=maximum, Min=minimum, am=morning, pm=afternoon, Mon=Monday,Jan.= January,hr=hour,hrs=hours,P.W.=perweek,ml=mile
表通信和影视设备:Te1.=telephone number,Ph.=phone
表媒体:BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation
表学历、职业:MA=Master of Arts,BS degree=bachelor’s degree (学士学位),prof.=professor,Dr.=doctor, VIP=very important person
表国家、组织、地点:the USA=the United States of America,the PRC=the People’s Republic of China,WTO=World Trade Organization, co.=company,Add(r).=address,Sta=Station,Mt=Mountain
表方向:s=south,n=north,w=west,e=east
其他:Lid=Limited,P=page,pop=popular,Xmas=Christmas,info=
information,ad=advertisement,vs=versus,PC=personal computer等等。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:physician n.医生; surgery n.外科手术; Para.3:retire v.退休; Para.4:medical adj.医学; degree n.学位 Para.1:practice medicine从事医学;
Para.2:official exam官方考试;
Para.3:study medicine学医;
Para.4:study in medical college在医学院学习;
receive a medical degree获得医学学位;
provide medical care提供医疗护理
析 长 难 语 句 Para.3:James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.
[句式分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中过去分词短语作状语,不定式短语表示目的。
[尝试翻译]　

[语言赏析]　这句话通过简洁的叙述,有效地揭示了詹姆斯·巴里这一历史人物的独特性。句子表面看似简单,但隐含了当时社会性别歧视的背景,同时突显了巴里为追求职业梦想采取的非常规手段。
James Barry(约1789年-1865年)在爱尔兰出生时名为Margaret Bulkley,但通过女扮男装,她被爱丁堡大学录取,学习医学。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·东北三省四城市高三联考)
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time,the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (精辟的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever,by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch,but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated (认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand his genius,one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
【语篇解读】　本文是书评。文章主要介绍了一本名为《爱因斯坦革命》的书,书中两位专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
1.What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein
A.Opposing. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Indifferent.
解析　观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知,这两个专家通过首次将爱因斯坦的作品置于科学知识进化的漫长的历程中,发现对于爱因斯坦大家都有一个普遍误解,大家都误以为爱因斯坦单独地、完全靠着个人的想法创造了现代物理学。由此可推知,这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度,故选A项。
√
2.What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean
A.From nothing. B.Up to a certain standard.
C.By learning from others. D.With previous knowledge.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展,而不是对过去的革命性的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世的,而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸,故选A项。
√
3.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists
A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C.Their research contributed to Einstein’s success.
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世的,而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家研发的经典物理学的自然延伸。所以作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果,故选C项。
√
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A guidebook to a course.
B.An introduction to a book.
C.An essay on Albert Einstein.
D.A review of physics development.
解析　文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的“The authors highlight...The book also includes”和第五段中的“Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知,本文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书,所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语,故选B项。
√
(2025·郑州高三质量预测二)
You hate me.You don’t even know me and you hate me.Before we’ve even spoken,you hate me.At least that’s how it feels on my end of the call as a female collections officer at a call center.
I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system—first thing in the morning—because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call.
Sometimes it’s an easy task.The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts,and we get through the phone call with ease.Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight,or looking for someone to blame.Through the luck of the phone system,that person is me.
I’ve had people who shout at me,call me horrible names,accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me.Why I think it’s because I am invisible.I think I would be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face.Fortunately for me,I have had years of experience in customer service,so I’m fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me.
The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.That’s why I’m good at my job—I understand what you’re going through,and I’m here to help.
Some days though,no matter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone,it stays with me.I may do some deep breathing,go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air.I do this so I don’t carry that negativity on to my next call.That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life,but I don’t want to ever be the one who makes it worse.We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为呼叫中心催收员不被人尊重、常受人憎恶的经历和感悟。尽管作者也能换位思考、理解客户,但还是希望自己能够得到平等的对待和尊重。
5.What does the underlined word “dread” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Enjoy. B.Fear. C.Expect. D.Avoid.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don’t even know me and you hate me.Before we’ve even spoken,you hate me.”可知,作者作为呼叫中心的催收员,在与客户的交往中,总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨,所以当作者每天登录电话系统时,她都会感到害怕,故选B项。
√
6.Why does the author think some callers treat her badly
A.They get angry too easily.
B.They blame her for their debts.
C.They do not see her as a real person.
D.They accuse her of taking their money.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it’s because I am invisible.”可知,作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端,仿佛是一个隐形人,即不真实存在的人,故选C项。
√
7.Why does the author think she is good at her job
A.She can offer callers best advice.
B.She is always respected by callers.
C.She can put herself in others’ shoes.
D.She isn’t easily influenced by negativity.
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy(同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.”可知,作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是自己有同理心,能够理解打电话的人所处的境地,也就是说,作者能够换位思考,故选C项。
√
8.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text
A.To call for understanding of her job.
B.To explain why she is good at her job.
C.To introduce what she is responsible for.
D.To complain about her being treated badly.
√
解析　写作意图题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者在工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景;第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人;第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲到了自己能够应付的关键技能;再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.”可以推断出,作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作,故选A项。
(2025·济南高三模拟)
Like many people over the past few years,I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature.I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting.My consumption of new books has doubled as a result—but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension.
The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel,both at the University of Chicago,and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing.According to this view,we have two ways of assessing information.System 1 is intuitive (直觉的),relying on natural ability and feeling.It is quick,but likely exposed to misinformation. System 2 is analytical,involving the use of logic reasoning.It is mentally demanding.When it is engaged,we think through the material step by step.
For decades,psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using.Imagine you’re helping prepare for a small dinner party and are tasked with arranging the dining settings for seven guests.Instinctively,you lay out seven complete sets of cutlery (餐具).However,your friend mentions that among the guests is a very young child,leading you to rethink your initial set-up.Realizing the child won’t need a standard set of cutlery as the adult,you opt to replace it with a child-friendly spoon.That is the kind of analytical process.
Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form—seeing vs.hearing—of the information would make a difference.They found that it did:when answering these kinds of simple questions,participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud,rather than written.
A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study.For this reason,I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes rather than my ears.But I won’t stop listening to novels.I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要围绕着作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历和体验展开,并结合一项关于信息处理方式的研究探讨了有声书可能对阅读理解产生的影响。
9.What does the author think of listening to audiobooks
A.It is economical. B.It is demanding.
C.It is time-consuming. D.It is relaxing.
解析　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“I find it far more comfortable to...new books has doubled as a result”可知,作者认为听有声书是一种“用耳朵阅读”的舒适的方式,同时还提到了通过听书,作者能在眼睛休息的同时享受文学作品。所以对作者来说,听有声书是一种放松和愉悦的活动,故选D项。
√
10.Which of the following best describes System 2 model
A.Fairly reliable. B.Fully automatic.
C.Question-centered. D.Emotion-involved.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“System 2 is analytical...we think through the material step by step.”可知,系统2是分析性的,涉及逻辑推理的使用。它需要动脑筋,这时我们会逐步思考材料。由此可推知,System 2涉及逻辑推理和逐步考虑,因此这种方式在处理信息时通常更为准确和可靠,故选A项。
√
11.Why is the dining setting task mentioned in Paragraph 3
A.To present a fact. B.To illustrate a view.
C.To introduce a topic. D.To draw a conclusion.
解析　推理判断题。第三段摆餐桌的例子说的是,人们在面对看似简单的问题时首先依靠直觉快速做出反应(摆放七套餐具),然后在获得额外信息(其中一位客人是儿童)后,会切换到分析处理模式(将其中一套更换为对儿童友好的餐具)。再结合作者在介绍这一例子之前提到人们有两种信息处理方式——直觉的系统1和分析的系统2,可推知这个例子是用来解释说明这一观点的,故选B项。
√
12.What does the author intend to tell us
A.Listening to books comes at a price.
B.Reading non-fiction books benefits.
C.Critical thinking is a must in reading.
D.Ways of processing information differ.
解析　写作意图题。根据第一段中的“but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension”和最后一段中的“A great reliance on our feelings...that needs logical study.”可知,本文作者通过引用研究,提示读者虽然听书能够为生活带来便利和享受,但可能会以牺牲深度理解和分析能力为代价,故选A项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·开封高三模拟)
Taking care of your emotional health is as important as taking care of your physical body.If your emotional health is out of balance,you may experience high blood pressure,ulcers (溃疡),chest pain,or a host of other physical symptoms.When you feel good about yourself,it’s much easier to cope with life’s little ups and downs as well as bigger events,such as divorce or a death.
　1　.These strategies will help you stay resilient (恢复力强的) through everyday stresses and when larger personal issues arise.
·Grow your circle of friends to expand your support system.
“It’s very important that you have a support group of friends and family,” Dr.Gardere says.“　2　—people who will listen to you when you need to get things off your chest—so that you know you’re not alone in whatever they are.”
·　3　.
You can eat what you want and enjoy it as long as you eat smaller portions and get regular exercise.Maintaining a healthy weight is important for your physical and emotional health.Besides,you can try some kinds of activities to relieve stress,like meditating or practicing yoga.　4　.Other stress-reducing techniques include deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation.If you’re unsure of how to get started,take a class and learn how to practice on your own for 30 minutes,three times a week.
·Learn to say no and refrain from overextending yourself.
If you try to do more than you can handle,you will only end up frustrated and stressed out.There are times when someone asks you to do something you absolutely can’t do.　5　.
A.Form the habit of exercising regularly
B.Cultivate a healthy and moderate lifestyle
C.In this case,say no and explain why kindly but firmly
D.These types of activities are effective for stress management
E.You need people whom you can talk to about your problems
F.If your emotional problems are serious,see a mental health professional and get help
G.Here are three ways you can practice better stress management and boost your self-esteem
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了保持情绪健康的几种方法。
1.G　[上文提到情绪健康和身体健康同等重要。空后提到“这些策略将帮助你在日常压力和更大的个人问题出现时迅速恢复”,故G项“以下是三种可以帮助你更好地管理压力并提升自尊的方法”符合语境。G项中的three ways与空后的These strategies构成词汇上的衔接关系,故选G项。]
2.E　[空后的破折号说明空后内容是对空处的解释说明。空后提到“当你需要倾诉心事时,会听你倾诉的人”,因此空处内容也应涉及类似的这些人,E项中的“people whom you can talk to about your problems”与此相呼应,故选E项。]
3.B　[空处是段落主旨句。根据其他小标题的特征可知,空处也应该是祈使句。再结合下文的“you eat smaller portions and get regular exercise”(你吃得少一点,经常锻炼)、“Maintaining a healthy weight”(保持健康的体重)以及“try some kinds of activities to relieve stress”(尝试一些活动来缓解压力)可知,B项“养成健康合理的生活方式”最能概括本段的内容,故选B项。]
4.D　[空前讲“此外你可以尝试一些活动来缓解压力,比如冥想或练习瑜伽”,空后又提到了其他减压技巧,故空处应该讲冥想或练习瑜伽等活动对缓解压力有好处。D项“这些类型的活动对压力管理是有效的”符合语境。D项中的“These types of activities”与空前的“some kinds of activities to relieve stress”相呼应,故选D项。]
5.C　[本段主要建议学会说不,避免让自己太劳累。空前讲有时候,有人会要求你做一些你绝对不能做的事情,因此空处应讲面对这种情况,你该如何做。C项“在这种情况下,说‘不’并友好但坚定地解释原因”符合语境,故选C项。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:genius n.天才;Para.2:misconception n.错误认识;误解;
unconventional adj.不因循守旧的;不因袭的;新奇的;single-handedly adv.单独地;Para.3:pioneer n.先锋;先驱;带头人;
Para.4:highlight v.突出;强调;substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的;
Para.5:thought-provoking adj.发人深省的;引人深思的;scholarly adj.学术的;学术性的
B Para.4:accuse v.控告,指责;disrespect n.不尊敬,失礼,无礼;fairly adv.一定地,相当地
熟词生义 A Para.3:argue　熟义:vt.争论;生义:vt.主张
B Para.6:stick　熟义:n.枝条,枯枝v.刺穿,扎入,插入;粘,贴(某物);生义:
v.把……放(某处)
词块积累 A Para.5:take...into account把……考虑进去
B Para.2:log on登录,注册,进入
长 难 句 式 A Para.4:When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders, he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated the theory of relativity.
[分析]　that引导宾语从句,从句为含蓄虚拟语气,表对过去的虚拟。
[译文]　当爱因斯坦认为自己站在了他们肩膀上时,他的意思是如果没有他们的贡献,他就不可能认真阐述出相对论。
长 难 句 式 B Para.5:I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I’ve been there.
[分析]　which引导定语从句,修饰先行词situation;because引导原因状语从句。
[译文]　我能理解来电者所处的境地,因为我也经历过。

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