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选择性必修第三册　UNIT 4　Protecting our heritage sites
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.pyramid n.　　 金字塔
2.milestone n. 重要阶段,里程碑
3.clay n. 黏土,陶土
4.sculpture n. 雕像,雕塑品;雕刻术
5.status n. 身份,地位;状况,情形
6.agenda n. 计划,方案;议程表,议事日程
7.intense adj. 很大的,十分强烈的;有强烈感情的,热切的;激烈的
8.primitive adj. 简陋的,落后的;原始的,远古的
9.initiative n. 倡议,新方案;主动性
10.heritage n. 遗产
11.dam n. 水坝
12.cave n. 山洞,洞穴
13.coral n. 珊瑚 adj. 珊瑚色的
14.reef n. 礁,礁脉
15.legacy n. 遗产
16.panel n. 专家咨询组,讨论小组;嵌板;仪表盘
17.basin n. 盆地;洗脸盆;盆;流域
18.nail n. 钉子;指甲 vt. 固定
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.vote for competitions　　 为比赛投票
2.be trapped in the ruins 被困在废墟中
3.a border conflict between neighboring countries 邻国之间的边界冲突
4.civil war 内战
5.the internal structure 内部结构
6.have disastrous outcomes 有灾难性的后果
7.an emergent incident 突发事件
8.forecast the natural disasters 预测自然灾害
9.humble attitude 谦逊的态度
10.pursue your dreams 追求你的梦想
11.submit the proposal 提交建议
12.a white cotton shirt 一件白色棉质衬衫
13.ban smoking indoors 禁止室内吸烟
14.collapse in the street 昏倒在大街上
15.suspend production 停产
16.entry to the museum 进入博物馆
17.showcase your creations 展示你的作品
18.a string of pearls 一串珍珠
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.civilize vt.　　 教化;开化;使文明
civilization n. 文明;社会文明;文明社会,文明世界
2.preserve vt. 维护,保护,保存;维持
preservation n. 保护;保存;保留;维护
3.urgent adj. 紧急的,紧迫的;催促的,急切的
urgently adv. 紧急地;催促地
urgency n. 紧急;催促;紧急的事
4.incredible adj. 极好的,极大的;不能相信的,难以置信的
incredibly adv. 令人难以置信地
5.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
violently adv. 猛烈地
violence n. 暴力,暴行;狂热,激情
6.ecology n. 生态,生态学
ecological adj. 生态的;主张生态保护的
ecologist n. 生态学者;生态保护论者
7.special adj. 特别的;重要的;专用的
specialize vi. 专门从事
specialist n. 专家;专科医生
adj. 专业的
8.assess vt. 评估,评定;估算
assessment n. 评价;评定;估价
9.consult vi.& vt.　 咨询;请教
consultation n. 咨询,商讨;就诊
consultant n. 顾问;咨询者;会诊医师
10.divide vt. & vi. (使)分开,分散;分割;划分;分配
division n. 分歧;分开,分隔
11.architect n. 建筑师;设计师
architecture n. 建筑学;建筑设计
12.cooperate vi. 合作;配合
cooperation n. 合作,协作;协助,配合
cooperative adj. 合作的
13.interrupt vt. 打扰,插嘴;使暂停,使中断
vi. 打扰,插嘴
interruption n. 打断;打岔;插嘴;阻断物
14.reserve n. 自然保护区;储备
vt. 预订;预留;保留
reservation n. 预约,预订;保留
15.assign vt. 指定,指派;分配;确定
assignment n. 分配;任务;作业
16.wool n. 毛织物;羊毛
woolen adj. 羊毛制的;毛纺织业的
17.expand vi.& vt. 扩张;(使)膨胀;详述
expansion n. 扩展,扩大,膨胀
18.migrate vi. 迁徙;移居
migration n. 迁移,迁徙,移居
migrant n. 候鸟;移居者,移民
19.awe vt. 使惊叹,使敬畏
n. 敬畏,惊叹
awful adj. 极讨厌的;很多的;可怕的;骇人听闻的
awesome adj. 令人惊叹的,使人惊惧的;很好的
awfully adv. 非常;极其
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.wear down 　　　 (使)磨损,(使)逐渐磨平
2.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损,损耗
3.take shape 成形,有了模样
4.at risk　　　　　　　　 有危险;冒风险
5.break out 爆发
6.for instance 例如
7.a great deal of 大量的
8.give rise to 造成
9.serve as 充当……
10.in urgent need of 急需
11.lead to 导致
12.due to 由于
13.take...as an example 以……为例
14.for the benefit of 为了……的利益
15.in addition to 除……以外
16.contribute to 促成,导致
17.at the thought of 一想到
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.If so,you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. (if省略结构)
如果是这样,你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。
2.In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out,fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. (where引导限制性定语从句)
在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区,武装分子甚至故意破坏遗产地。
3.Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year,so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. (it作形式主语)
每年有大量游客到联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游,所以这些遗产地遭受些损坏是很自然的。
4.The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites,the more likely we are to treat them with respect. (the+比较级……,the+比较级……)
我们越是承认我们的遗产地所具有的杰出普遍价值,我们就越有可能以尊重的态度对待它们。
5.Covering vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes,the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. (分词短语作状语)
丝绸之路跨越遥远的距离,覆盖各种景观,令人惊叹,是从东亚一路延伸至地中海地区的古代贸易路网。
6.Following Zhang’s efforts,trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time,with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire. (with复合结构)
在张骞的努力下,贸易路线成形了。随着路网一直延伸至罗马帝国,当时主要强国间的关系也得以加强。
词汇横拓串记
盘点来自动词短语的合成名词 个人“良好品质”形容词大团圆 聚焦“造成,引起”动词短语
①come out→outcome　结果 ②break through→breakthrough突破 ③come in→income收入 ④break out→outbreak爆发 ⑤make up→makeup化妆品 ①humble谦虚的,谦卑的 ②modest谦虚的 ③generous宽宏大量的 ④selfless无私的 ⑤out going外向的 ⑥easy going随和的 ①lead to导致,引起 ②contribute to促成;导致 ③give rise to引起;导致 ④result in导致;造成……结果 ⑤bring about导致;引起;产生 ⑥spark off引发;触发
Step One　写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.World Heritage status　 世界遗产地位
2.ancient clay sculptures 古代泥塑
3.the Great Pyramid 大金字塔
4.at the top of the agenda 议程的首选
5.intense pressure 巨大的压力
6.a primitive mammal 原始哺乳动物
7.the Three Gorges Dam 三峡大坝
8.a milestone for Chinese pop music going global中国流行音乐走向全球的一个里程碑
9.the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议
10.the Mogao Caves 莫高窟
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.conflict n.　 (军事)冲突,战斗;争论;矛盾,不一致
vi. 冲突,抵触
2.ruin vt. 破坏,毁坏;使破产,毁灭
n. 毁坏,毁灭;破产;残垣断壁
3.outcome n. 结果,效果
4.incident n. 事件;冲突
5.suspend vt. 暂停;悬,挂
6.humble vt. 使感到谦卑,使感到自惭
adj. 谦虚的,谦卑的
7.vote vt.& vi. 投票,表决
n. 选票;投票
8.cotton n. 棉织物;棉,棉花
9.entry n. 进入;参与,加入;参赛
10.ban vt. 明令禁止,取缔;禁止做某事
n. 禁令
11.forecast vt. 预测,预报
n. 预测,预报
12.pursue vt. 追求,致力于,执行;追逐
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.civilize vt.　　　 教化;开化;使文明
civilization n. 文明;社会文明;文明社会,文明世界
2.preserve vt. 维护,保护,保存;维持
preservation n. 保护;保存;保留;维护
3.urgent adj. 紧急的,紧迫的;催促的,急切的
urgently adv. 紧急地;催促地
urgency n. 紧急;催促;紧急的事
4.assign vt. 指定,指派;分配;确定
assignment n. 分配;任务;作业
5.ecology n. 生态,生态学
ecological adj. 生态的;主张生态保护的
ecologist n. 生态学者;生态保护论者
6.incredible adj. 极好的,极大的;不能相信的,难以置信的
incredibly adv. 令人难以置信地
7.consult vi.& vt. 咨询;请教
consultation n. 咨询,商讨;就诊
consultant n. 顾问;咨询者;会诊医师
8.cooperate vi. 合作;配合
cooperation n. 合作,协作;协助,配合
cooperative adj. 合作的
9.assess vt. 评估,评定;估算
assessment n. 评价;评定;估价
10.expand vi.& vt. 扩张;(使)膨胀;详述
expansion n. 扩展,扩大,膨胀
11.wool n. 毛织物;羊毛
woolen adj. 羊毛制的;毛纺织业的
12.divide vt. & vi. (使)分开,分散;分割;划分;分配
division n. 分歧;分开,分隔
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.at risk　　　　　　　　 有危险;冒风险
2.a great deal of 大量的
3.break out 爆发
4.contribute to 促成,导致
5.in addition to 除……以外
6.serve as 充当……
7.for instance 例如
8.in urgent need of 急需
9.due to 由于
10.for the benefit of 为了……的利益
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:if省略结构
If possible,you’d better go to work by bike or by bus,which is beneficial to our environment.
如果可能的话,你最好骑自行车或坐公交车去上班,这对我们的环境有益。
2.句型公式:the+比较级……,the+比较级……
The more you study,the better prepared you will be for your future life.
你学得越多,你对未来的生活就准备得越充分。
3.句型公式:where引导限制性定语从句
She said excitedly,“The fruits are from the farm where my parents work.”
她兴奋地说:“这些水果都来自我父母工作的农场。”
Step Two　练一练
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.When I learned that my son conflicted with his classmate,I exploded with anger.
2.She was fined $300 and banned from driving for one month.
3.I couldn’t vote for them because of their stand on social issues.
4.The company making the product has suspended its sale for two months.
5.My father often talks about the incident that happened three decades ago.
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.The expansion of higher education should be a powerful force for change,so we should grasp the chance with the aim of expanding our knowledge. (expand)
2.The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction and the preservation was of great benefit. (preserve)
3.We are trying to assess how well the system works and the assessment will be subscribed to the committee. (assess)
4.Your doctors can help a great deal in urgent situation and you need to talk about it with them as a matter of urgency. (urgent)
5.There is an incredible theme park in the city centre,which is incredibly attractive. (incredible)
Ⅲ.短语填空
due to　break out　for the benefit of at risk　serve as
1.As with all diseases,certain groups will be more at risk than others.
2.In a way,I’m glad you made that mistake,for it will serve as a warning to you.
3.A bush fire broke out in Australia, causing great damage to the local people.
4.China has been pushing the reform of public hospital for the benefit of all its citizens.
5.Due to my English teacher’s help,my English scores were always on the top of my class.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are currently about 1,100 heritage sites in over 160 countries.Unluckily,many of them are facing 1.a variety of dangers.The heritage sites are in 2.urgent(urge) need of protection.There are many reasons 3.for this: The first reason is natural forces,such as wind,water,temperature and earthquakes,etc.In the meanwhile,human 4.activities(activity) such as the flood of tourists,the human population 5.growth(grow) and so on 6.have caused(cause) many dangers to the heritage sites,7.which can have disastrous outcomes both for the sites and people.Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind.We all have the responsibility to protect and preserve the sites,not only for 8.ourselves(we),9.but for future generations.Please take action 10.to participate(participate) in protecting heritage sites!
1.preserve vt.维护,保存,保护(reserve);维持 n.保护区→preservation n.维护;保护;保存;保留
佳句背诵　
From my point of view,some traditional old customs should be well preserved.So there is an urgent need to think of some effective preservation measures. (传统文化)
在我看来,一些传统的旧习俗应该被很好地保留,所以迫切需要想出一些有效的保护措施。
preserve...from/against... 保护……免受……
be well/strictly preserved 被很好/严格地保存
a nature preserve 自然保护区
以练促学　单句语法填空
①This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved (preserve) for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. (2024·全国甲卷)
教考衔接　单句写作
②In a sense,oceans are like our beloved mother,so I advocate that we should strengthen our sense of duty to preserve our oceans from being hurt. (短文投稿,2022·全国甲卷)
从某种意义上说,海洋就像我们亲爱的母亲,因此,我倡议我们应该增强我们的责任感,保护我们的海洋免受伤害。
2.ruin vt.破坏,毁坏;使破产,毁灭n.毁坏,毁灭;破产;残垣断壁
佳句背诵　
You can’t change the past,but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future. (主旨升华)
你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。
be/lie in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落,衰败
ruin one’s hope/chance/health/fame/future 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去,毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
[点拨] 名词ruin表示“废墟”时,常用复数形式。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The whole city fell into ruin after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.
②The constant rain caused serious flood,which left many houses lying in ruins.
持续的降雨造成了严重的洪水,从而使许多房屋成为一片废墟。
③He made a big mistake,ruining his chance of getting the job.
他犯了一个大错,失去了得到那份工作的机会。
教考衔接　单句写作
④Playing computer games for too long has nearly ruined myself and I have made up my mind to get rid of it. (情况介绍,2022·天津4月卷)
玩电脑游戏太久几乎毁了我自己,我已经下定决心要摆脱它。
3.consultation n.咨询,商讨;就诊→consult vi.& vt.咨询;请教→consultant n.顾问;咨询者;
会诊医师
佳句背诵　
I am writing this letter to seek your professional consultation regarding the best approach to address the recent problems I have encountered in my study. (咨询信)
我写这封信是为了就我学习中最近遇到的问题寻求您的专业咨询,以找到最佳的解决方案。
consult a dictionary 查字典
consult sb about sth 向某人咨询/请教某事
consult with sb about/on sth
就某事与某人商量
以练促学　单句写作
①You can consult your teacher about how to relieve your tension. (建议信)
关于如何缓解你的紧张情绪,你可以咨询你的老师。
教考衔接　单句写作
②I’m writing to consult with you about/on our appointment scheduled for the weekend. (道歉信,2021·北京卷)
我写信是想和你商量一下我们周末的约会。
4.submit vt.& vi.提交,呈递(present);屈服
佳句背诵　
A famous artist will be invited to teach Chinese painting skills,after which many students will submit their works and exchange ideas. (活动介绍)
我们将邀请一位著名的艺术家来教授国画技巧,之后许多学生将提交他们的作品并交流想法。
submit...to... 把……提交给……;向……提出
submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受/服从
submit to 服从于,屈服于
以练促学　单句写作
①Those who are interested in the post must submit the applications and relevant materials to us by May 15.
对这个职位感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交给我们申请书和相关资料。
教考衔接　单句写作
② David wiped his tears and held his head high, uttering determinedly,“I won’t submit (myself) to others’ thoughts.” (动作+语言描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫擦掉眼泪,高昂起头,坚定地说道:“我不会屈从于他人的看法。”
片段巩固 用preserve;ruin;consultation;submit完成片段
写作提示:古城堡已被精心保存了几个世纪→但有一天晚上,一场猛烈的暴风雨毁坏了它的外墙和一些精美的装饰→当地政府召集建筑师和历史学家进行磋商→经过讨论和评估,他们提交了一份全面的修复计划
　　An old castle stood grandly on the hilltop, which had been carefully preserved for centuries, But one night, a fierce storm ruined its outer walls and some of the delicate decorations.The local authorities immediately called for a consultation with architects and historians. After days of intense discussions and evaluations, they finally submitted to a comprehensive restoration plan.
5.assign vt.指定,指派;分配;确定→assignment n.分配;任务;作业;功课
佳句背诵　
Zhang Qian was a great explorer during the Han Dynasty who was assigned to travel to the Western Regions twice.　张骞是汉代一位伟大的探险家,他两次被派遣出使西域。
assign sb sth=assign sth to sb 分配某人某事
assign sb to sth/as sth 指派某人做某一项工作/任某一职务
assign sb to do sth 分派/委派某人做某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①If you take this assignment (assign), take it seriously and read the instructions.
②From my point of view,teachers shouldn’t assign too much homework to students.　依我看,老师们不应该给孩子们布置太多的家庭作业。
教考衔接　单句写作
③Above all,I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow. (2022·浙江1月卷)
最重要的是,我希望他不要安排我和这个好胜心很强、极其严肃的家伙一起工作。
6.ban vt.(banned,banned,banning) 明令禁止,取缔;禁止做某事n.禁令;谴责
佳句背诵　
I strongly suggest implementing a strict ban on single use plastics to protect our environment and promote sustainability. (建议信)
我强烈建议实施严格禁令,禁止一次性塑料制品,以保护我们的环境并促进可持续发展。
ban doing sth 禁止做某事
ban sb from (doing) sth 禁止某人(做)某事
a ban on... 对……的禁令
以练促学　单句写作
①As a peace loving country,we’ll declare a total ban on nuclear arms.　作为一个爱好和平的国家,我们将宣布全面禁止核武器。
教考衔接　单句写作
②To create cleaner surroundings in the self study room,everyone is banned from littering everywhere. (事物介绍,2022·浙江6月卷)
为了创造更干净的自习室环境,禁止每个人乱扔垃圾。
7.take shape成形,有了模样
佳句背诵　
The spark of life grew and each tiny brain began to take shape and form.
生命之光开始点亮,他们的小脑袋也逐渐形成。
in the shape of... 呈……的形状;以……的形式
in good shape 身体健康
keep/be in shape 保持健康
out of shape 身体不好;变形
get into shape 强身健体
be shaped like... 形状像……
以练促学　用shape短语填空
①You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of shape.
②Working out in the morning provides many benefits such as helping us get into shape.
③The waterfall which is shaped like a semicircle,is 670 metres wide,and falls 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.
④The government provides financial support in the shape of grants and student loans.
教考衔接　单句写作
⑤What’s more,you can try different kinds of workouts,such as jogging,biking,or swimming,which can help keep your whole body in shape. (活动介绍,2023·浙江1月卷)
更重要的是,你可以尝试不同种类的锻炼方式,如慢跑、骑自行车或游泳,这些运动有助于保持整个身体的健康。
片段巩固 用assign;ban;take shape完成“智能手机禁令”的片段
写作提示:禁止学生上课使用智能手机→以此来让学生减少对手机的依赖→最初学生抵制→不完成布置的作业→逐渐适应新规定→独自做作业的风气开始形成→效果良好
　　The school’s new policy was to ban the use of smartphones during class hours,which helped reduce their dependence on smartphones.At first,the decision met with resistance from the students.They didn’t finish their homework assigned. Over time, the students adapted to the new routine and doing their homework by themselves began to take shape. At last, the policy started to show positive results.
1.句型公式:if省略结构
课本原句:If so,you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.如果是这样,你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。
佳句背诵　
You can resort to professionals for an effective approach to free us from our phone dependence,if necessary. (建议信)
如果有必要,你可以求助于专业人士,找到一个有效的方法来摆脱对手机的依赖。
if构成的常见省略结构:
(1)if so 如果是这样的话
(2)if not 如果不这样的话;如果没有
(3)if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
(4)if any 如果有的话
(5)if possible 如果有可能;如果可能的话
(6)if necessary 如果有必要的话
(7)if anything 如果有什么不同的话
以练促学　用if省略结构填空
①The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,if ever,reaching 30℃ in summer.
②Wash it in water and pick out the small particles,if any.
③If possible,use accurate data in your journal.
④If it is convenient for you,let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.If not,let me know what time suits you best.
教考衔接　单句写作
⑤Are you afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at you If so, I think it’s not necessary to have other people prevent you from doing what you want to do. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
你害怕其他学校的孩子会嘲笑你吗 如果是这样,我认为没有必要让别人阻止你做自己想做的事情。
2.句型公式:with复合结构
课本原句:Following Zhang’s efforts,trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time,with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire.在张骞的努力下,贸易路线成形了。随着路网一直延伸至罗马帝国,当时主要强国间的关系也得以加强。
佳句背诵　
With my heart starting to beat and my mouth dry,I rose to my feet and headed for the stage. (动作描写)
我的心开始咚咚跳,嘴里发干,我站起来,向舞台走去。
with复合结构有以下几种常见形式:
with+宾语+
以练促学　单句写作
①With the Chinese Poetry Contest approaching,I’d like to offer you some practical suggestions. (建议信)
随着中国诗词比赛的临近,我想给你一些切实可行的建议。
②The twins prepared the breakfast with a card added on it, which said “Happy Mother’s Day”. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
这对双胞胎准备了早餐,并在上面加了一张写着“母亲节快乐”的卡片。
教考衔接　单句写作
③During the class, I painted a landscape featuring the towering green trees and the clear blue sky, with a family of ducks swimming in the lake. (活动介绍,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
课上,我画了一幅风景画——高耸的绿树和清澈的蓝天,还有一群鸭子在湖中游泳。
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.I nailed a sign to the tree making sure everyone passing by can see it clearly. vt.固定
2.He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing. vi.昏倒
3.The police pursued the car on the motorway. vt.追逐,追赶
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.reserve n.自然保护区;储备 vt.预订;预留;保留
①Saturdays are busy,so it’s a good idea to reserve a table in advance. vt.预订
②Having created nine such ice reserves,Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m3 of water. n.储备
③It’s said that this area was once a wildlife reserve. n.自然保护区
④Don’t sit here.These seats are reserved for the elderly and disabled. vt.预留
2.entry n.进入;入口;进入权;参与,加入;参赛;参赛作品;条目,事项
①His main duty is to measure body temperature and check the passes for exit and entry.(全国Ⅰ卷) n.入口
②Born during the Ming Dynasty,Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service,so he turned to painting instead. n.进入权
③People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. n.条目,事项
④Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. n.参赛作品
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Conflicts with others are common in everyday life,but we should settle them in a peaceful way.
2.With time going on,the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.
3.My father was once assigned to work (work) in a foreign country.
4.These birds are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.
5.Regardless of difficulties or hardships I may meet on the way to success,I won’t submit to them.
6.“It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table reserved (reserve) for customers.
7.For my fifth birthday, I announced that I wanted a cake in the shape of a fire truck.
8.Our government plans to set up some nature preserves to preserve some rare animals from extinction.
9.While the government has issued a ban on plastic bags,people are still using large quantities of them.
10.The book is an expansion (expand) of a series of lectures given last year.
维度三　完成句子
1.Despair seized him at the thought of his failure in the exam.
一想到考试的失败,他就万念俱灰。
2.For the benefit of your health, you should have enough sleep and rest.
为了你的健康,你应该有足够的睡眠和休息。
3.The comfortable and stable work environment can wear down your will.
安逸稳定的工作环境会消磨你的意志。
4.Many fruits, for instance, apples and oranges, are rich in vitamins.
许多水果,例如苹果和橙子,都富含维生素。
5.In addition to her math, she is talented in science and literature.
除了数学,她在科学和文学方面也很有天赋。
6.Upon hearing that patients are in urgent need of help,he will come to their assistance without hesitation.
一听说患者急需帮助,他就会毫不犹豫地援助他们。
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(倡议书——保护文化遗产)
假如你是李华,是校学生会主席。在中国文化和自然遗产日到来之际,请根据下面的写作提示,给同学们写一封英语倡议书,内容包括:
1.保护文化遗产的重要性;
2.可采取的措施;
3.发出呼吁。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①随着中国文化和自然遗产日的临近,我呼吁大家采取行动保护文化遗产。 (heritage,with复合结构)
With Chinese Cultural and Natural Heritage Day approaching, I’m calling on all of you to take action to protect cultural heritage.
②文化遗产是一种非常重要的资源,是人们了解古代文明的重要途径。 (civilization,非限制性定语从句)
Cultural heritage is a very important resource,which is an important way for people to understand the ancient civilization.
③我国的一些文物已经成为废墟或处于危险之中。 (be in ruins,at risk)
Some cultural relics in our country are in ruins or at risk.
④如何保护它们不被破坏已经成为一个迫切的需要。 (preserve...from)
How to preserve them from being destroyed has become an urgent need.
⑤应该禁止人们开发一些珍贵的文物来保持它们的原貌。 (ban sb from,被动语态)
People should be banned from developing some precious cultural relics to keep their original appearance.
⑥必要时,应当制定法律,惩罚那些故意毁坏它们的人。 (if省略句)
If necessary,laws should be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose.
⑦让我们齐心协力,保护我们辉煌的古代文明。 (preserve,civilization)
Let us join hands together to preserve our splendid ancient civilization.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Dear fellow students,
With Chinese Cultural and Natural Heritage Day approaching, I’m calling on all of you to take action to protect cultural heritage.
Cultural heritage is a very important resource, which is an important way for people to understand the ancient civilization.However, some cultural relics in our country are in ruins or at risk.Therefore, how to preserve them from being destroyed has become an urgent need.In my opinion,people should be banned from developing some precious cultural relics to keep their original appearance.If necessary,laws should be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose.
Let us join hands together to preserve our splendid ancient civilization.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作者和她最好的朋友Karina是在一次夏令营时认识的,因为她们都喜欢吃植蕉片而成为了好朋友。作者发现她和Karina有很多相同的爱好,她认为她们会成为永远的好朋友。但是有一次,她们两个却产生了分歧。在营地旁边有一片美丽的土地,那里有很多的树,也有很多的动物,她们两个都喜欢去那里玩。但是为了建购物中心,这些树要被砍伐。作者认为这会让动物们失去家园,而Karina却认为建购物中心很好。
场景续写1:
我们意见不合,发生了激烈的争论→我脑海中浮现出倒下的树木和无家可归的松鼠的画面→Karina坚持认为购物中心意味着新的工作机会→我们谁也说服不了谁→也许两个观点相反的人注定不能成为朋友
We disagreed with each other and had a heated argument.　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
几天后,我们再次被要求选择一个搭档→我朝Karina看去→当目光相遇时,一种释然和快乐的感觉在我们心中涌起→我们在夏令营中度过了欢乐时光→几个月后,仍然会互相发送我们的猫和烘焙作品的疯狂照片→我明白,没有两个人是完全相同的,即使是最好的朋友有时也会意见不合→重要的是我们尊重彼此并同意保持不同意见
Several days later,again we were asked to pick a partner.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
We disagreed with each other and had a heated argument.“That’s terrible! We have to stop that,” I said,with images of fallen trees and homeless squirrels springing to mind.Hearing what I said,Karina,looking at me in the eye,insisted that a shopping center meant new jobs and that people were more important than trees.Neither of us could convince the other.“You know,” Karina said super seriously,“maybe we’re not quite as alike as we thought.” I sighed sadly.Maybe two people with opposite points of view just were not meant to be friends,I was thinking.
Several days later,again we were asked to pick a partner.I cast a look towards Karina,naturally and unconsciously.When our eyes met,a feeling of relief and happiness welled up inside our hearts.We ended up having more fun at the camp.And even a couple of months later,we still send each other crazy pictures of our cats or our baking creations.Now I understand that no two people are exactly alike,and even best friends can sometimes disagree.What’s important is that we respect each other and agree to disagree.Unless a friend does things that are hurtful or mean,a friendship is almost always worth keeping.
　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
真题再做
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关生物样本数据的研究。研究人员发现,当前利用技术手段进行生物采样的过程可能存在偏差。文章分析了造成这些偏差的原因,并在最后说明如何完善生物采样数据的科学性。
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.”可知,现在大多数生物多样性的记录都是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的,故选B项。]
33.What does Daru’s study focus on
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“These observations now outnumber...Are they usable ”和第三段可知,Daru的研究重点是这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。所以他的研究聚焦的是“样本(观测)数据”,故选C项。]
34.What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...like the greater likelihood...right next to it”和第五段可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性,这些不当的采样方式会导致收集到的数据产生偏差,故选C项。]
35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Daru认为biodiversity apps可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种,鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。因此,Daru建议biodiversity apps给采样人员一些指导意见,结合第五段的“the people who get observational biodiversity data...are often citizen scientists”可知,这里的采样人员指的是公民科学家,故选D项。]
思维建模
说明文文体特点下的命题偏好
说明文中,命题者通常会坚持以主旨大意和细节理解为主、推理判断和词义猜测为辅的原则。
1.主旨大意题
说明文中的主旨大意题通常会体现文章的标题、文章主题思想、段落大意及阅读人群等。
2.细节理解题
说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法,同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明,所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。
3.推理判断题
为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力,说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发展过程和步骤的重要环节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。
4.词义猜测题
说明文中的词义猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念等有关,这种情况下,说明文中的解释有助于对词汇的理解,解题时考生要注意捕捉这些信息,正确理解相关词汇的意思。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:detect v.发现;shift n.改变; Para.2:application n.应用程序;primary adj.原始的,最初的;investigate v.研究;Para.5:reveal v.揭示;encounter n.相遇;feature n.特征 Para.1:go extinct灭绝;in the form of以……的形式;Para.2:with the rise of随着……的兴起;with the aid of借助于……;respond to对……作出反应;Para.4:tend to do sth易于做某事;Para.5:make sense说得通,有道理; Para.7:inform sb of sth告知某人某事
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens,and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable [句式分析]　本句是一个并列复合句,前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the primary data;后半句中的since引导原因状语从句,how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　现在,这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据,而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:这些观察数据可靠吗 [语言赏析]　这句话通过清晰的因果逻辑、对比和设问等修辞手法,成功地引出文章的核心问题,增强了论证的连贯性和说服力,同时有效地吸引读者的注意力和思考兴趣。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·重庆名校联盟高三联考一)
One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.
Moenjodaro,a World Heritage site in the Indus River 510 kilometers (316 miles) from Karachi,was built in the Bronze Age,some 5,000 years ago.“Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site,” reads a letter from the Culture,Tourism,Antiquities & Archives Department Government of Sindh sent to UNESCO and signed by director Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah.The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for surrounding residents whose own homes had flooded.
Moenjodaro’s significance can’t be underestimated.When it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980,the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional testimony(证明) to the Indus civilization,” comprising “the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.
The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to mitigate the flood damage,like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork.But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.
Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for 100 million Pakistani rupees ($45million) to cover the costs of full repairs.UNESCO has responded to the request for help,allocating $350,000 from its emergency fund for damaged historic sites in Pakistan during UN Secretary General António Guterres’s visit to the flood stricken country this week.
The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Amri Museum.While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites,it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and the local organization consider the best way forward.Sadly,the conservators of Moenjodaro have known for some time that flooding could bring a serious risk to the site.
In their letter,Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger,which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了受巴基斯坦暴雨的影响,摩亨佐·达罗严重受损,Ihsan Ali Abbasi和Naveed Ahmed Sangah写信向联合国教科文组织求助,最终获得修复资金和联合国的关注。
1.What makes Moenjodaro special to Pakistan
A.The geographic feature it bears.
B.The role it played in fighting floods.
C.The mass destruction it suffered in history.
D.The value it holds in history and architecture.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中联合国教科文组织对摩亨佐·达罗的评价“Moenjodaro ‘bears exceptional testimony(证明) to the Indus civilization,’comprising ‘the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent’”可知,摩亨佐·达罗是“印度河文明杰出的证明”,其中包括“印度次大陆上最古老的规划城市”。由此可见,其在历史和建筑方面的意义重大,故选D项。]
2.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Reduce. B.Suffer.
C.Avoid. D.Assess.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。解题时,可先将画线词所在的定语从句补全为“the site team has taken actions to...brickwork”。根据下文举例提到的举措“bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork”并结合生活常识可知,引进抽水机和修补砖墙是为了减轻洪水带来的损害,故选A项。]
3.Which best describes the situation of the repair work made so far
A.Creative. B.Worrying.
C.Impractical. D.Satisfactory.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites”和“flooding could bring a serious risk to the site”以及最后一段中的“concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger”可知,资金不足、洪水严重等情况让Abbasi和Sangah担忧摩亨佐·达罗会被列入濒危世界遗产名录。由此可知,目前的修补工作局面令人担忧,故选B项。]
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Pakistan’s Deadly Floods Causing Widespread Damage
B.Moenjodaro Calling for Attention to Its Severe Damage
C.Moenjodaro Added to the List of UNESCO Sites in Danger
D.Pakistan’s UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding
答案　D　[标题归纳题。新闻报道的主题一般在文章的开头。根据第一段中的“One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan”可知,本文主要介绍了巴基斯坦的联合国教科文组织世界遗产地摩亨佐·达罗被洪水严重破坏,故选D项。]
(2025·保定高三模拟)
At every wedding I attended this past year,the event space has been decorated with family portraits—black and white photos of grandparents,parents in 1970s hairstyles and family heirlooms (传家宝) passed down from generations.
As a child,I used to cry when looking at those reminders.When my husband suggested making a slideshow of our family photos for our wedding,I realized we barely had any.It was at that time that I understood just why these kinds of items inspired so many complicated feelings.
My grandparents immigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s.During the Cuban Revolution,their business and home were shut down.The family came to the United States in 1968,leaving everything but a few pieces of clothing behind.My grandparents and mother responded to the pain they had experienced by holding on to things.
Today,when my mother comes to visit,she still brings bags full of useful items even if we have plenty of food.A full cupboard or a house stocked with usable objects is the ultimate expression of love.
Like many who are privileged (幸运的) enough not to have to worry about having basic things,I tended to admire the opposite—the empty spaces of yoga studios,the delightful feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon.
Now that my brother and I have come of age,my parents have both expressed a desire to downsize our possessions.I went through the things that mattered most to me:the books I loved as a child;the CDs made by friends;the college textbooks I never remembered to return.They say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them.But I didn’t want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was,and a person that part of me always will be.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在准备婚礼时回顾过往,意识到家庭旧物对个人人生乃至整个家族的意义。
5.When did the author realize the meaning of family old items
A.When she was attending a friend’s wedding.
B.When she was preparing for her own wedding.
C.When her family came to the United States in 1968.
D.When her mother came to visit,bringing bags full of useful items.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“When my husband suggested...so many complicated feelings.”可知,作者在准备自己的婚礼时意识到了家庭旧物的意义,故选B项。]
6.What does the author want to show us by sharing her grandparents’ story
A.In the old days,the elders suffered a lot.
B.The Cuban Revolution brought people much pain.
C.Some old items represent one’s precious memories.
D.The young should treasure today’s happy life.
答案　C　[写作意图题。根据第三段最后一句“My grandparents and mother...by holding on to things.”可知,作者想通过分享她祖父母的故事向我们表明一些旧物品代表着一个人珍贵的回忆,故选C项。]
7.Why didn’t the author want to give up her previous objects
A.They were the symbols of love.
B.They gave her a sense of identity.
C.They reminded her of the old days.
D.They were no longer available anywhere.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“But I didn’t want...part of me always will be.”可知,作者不想放弃以前的东西是因为它们给了她一种认同感,故选B项。]
8.What can we infer from this text
A.Lost time won’t return any longer.
B.A picture is worth a thousand words.
C.Some sort of stuff is worth keeping.
D.It’s never too late to make a change.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可推断出:有些东西是值得保存的,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·秦皇岛高三模拟)
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who 　1　 becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it’s one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American 　2　 and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen,she had never 　3　 herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) 　4　 email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class 　5　.
“I’m working on my big year end project,” the heartwarming message 　6　,“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could 　7　 you.”
Needless to say,Shen was immediately 　8　 by the email—so much so that she shared a screenshot of the child’s inspiring message on the Internet.The post 　9　 became popular,gaining more than 270,000 likes and 1,500 　10　 since she first shared it.
Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.“It’s pretty amazing to witness that children are 　11　 to achieve as much as you have done,” said one reader.Other readers were 　12　 of their own experiences with young children growing up.“Representation matters,and it is 　13　 the third grader found his role model.”
Now that the story has touched thousands,Shen has a renewed motivation to 　14　 her Ph.D.and continue creating an environment of 　15　 for students within her field.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了生物学家Elaine Shen意外收到一封电子邮件,让她意识到榜样对他人及自身的双向激励力量。
1.A.stuck to B.kept on
C.gave up D.dreamed of
答案　D　[句意:这对于那些梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖等角色的孩子来说,尤为如此。stick to坚持;keep on继续;give up放弃;dream of梦想。根据空后“becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders”可知,这些年轻孩子是梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖等角色的,故选D项。]
2.A.biologist B.chemist
C.physicist D.artist
答案　A　[句意:对于亚裔美国生物学家和博士候选人Elaine Shen来说,她从没想过自己能激励后代。biologist生物学家;chemist化学家;physicist物理学家;artist艺术家。根据第二段的提示“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.”可知,后文提到有个三年级的学生很喜欢生物,在网上查询到了Shen的网站,故可推知Elaine Shen是一个生物学家,故选A项。]
3.A.expressed B.named
C.compared D.considered
答案　D　[句意同上。express表达;name称之为(熟词生义);compare比较;consider认为。根据空后“herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,此处指她不认为自己能成为激励后代的人,“consider oneself to be”(认为自己是)为固定搭配,故选D项。]
4.A.urgent B.long
C.unexpected D.common
答案　C　[句意:直到她意外收到了一封来自Minnesota的一个三年级学生的电子邮件,邮件上说她想要就一次课堂项目采访她。urgent紧急的;long长的;unexpected出乎意料的(由expect派生而来);common常见的。根据前文“she had never 　　　　herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,她从未想过自己能激励后代,故可推知她收到的这封邮件对她来说是出乎意料的,故选C项。]
5.A.project B.performance
C.discussion D.speech
答案　A　[句意同上。project项目;performance表演;discussion讨论;speech演讲。根据后文“I’m working on my big year end project”可知,后文提到这位学生正在做一个期末项目,故此处指想要就一个课堂项目采访她,故选A项。]
6.A.informs B.reads
C.writes D.asks
答案　B　[句意:这一暖心的留言写道:“我正在做一个大型期末项目。我喜欢生物学。我做了一些网络调研,发现了您的网站。我想问我是否能采访您。”inform通知;read写着、写有;write书写;ask询问。根据空前“I’m working on my big year end project”及空后“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could 　　　　you.”可知,空前和空后都是介绍的留言所写的内容,故此处应用read意为“写着……”;属于熟词生义,故选B项。]
7.A.quote B.find
C.follow D.interview
答案　D　[句意同上。quote引用;find找到;follow跟随;interview采访。根据第一段的提示“That is until she received a(n) 　　　　email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class 　　　　.”可知,前文提到一个三年级的学生想要采访她,此处为信息词interview的词汇复现,故选D项。]
8.A.touched B.confused
C.frightened D.surprised
答案　A　[句意:不用说,Shen立刻就被这封邮件打动了,因此她在网上分享了这个孩子鼓舞人心的截图。touch使感动;confuse使困惑;frighten使害怕;surprise使惊讶。根据倒数第二段的提示“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知,很多评论者与Shen一样感动,故此处指Shen立刻就被这封邮件打动了,故选A项。]
9.A.frequently B.immediately
C.exactly D.eventually
答案　B　[句意:从她第一次分享,这帖子就迅速走红,得到了多达27万的点赞和1 500多条评论。frequently频繁地;immediately立刻地;exactly确切地;eventually最终。根据后文“gaining more than 270,000 likes and 1,500 　　　　since she first shared it”可知,此处指立刻变得流行,故选B项。]
10.A.questions B.comments
C.posts D.calls
答案　B　[句意同上。question问题;comment评论;post帖子;call电话。根据倒数第二段的提示“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知,很多评论者说他们与Shen一样很感动,故此处指1 500多条评论,故选B项。]
11.A.bothered B.requested
C.inspired D.ordered
答案　C　[句意:看到孩子们受到鼓励,想要去取得和你一样多的成就,真是太令人惊叹了。bother烦扰;request要求;inspire鼓励;order命令。根据前文“she had never 　　　　herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,她从未想过自己能成为后代的激励,故此处指孩子受到鼓励,想去取得尽可能多的成就,故选C项。]
12.A.accused B.suspected
C.warned D.reminded
答案　D　[句意:其他的读者也想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历。accuse控告;suspect怀疑;warn警告;remind提醒,使想起。根据空后“of their own experiences with young children growing up”可知,此处指其他评论者因此事产生的联想,故选D项。]
13.A.awesome B.urgent
C.impossible D.depressing
答案　A　[句意:榜样很重要,令人惊叹的是,这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像。awesome令人惊叹的,极佳的(课标生僻词);urgent紧急的;impossible不可能的;depressing令人沮丧的。根据后文“the third grader found his role model.”可知,这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像,这件事是积极正面的,故选A项。]
14.A.quit B.advocate
C.complete D.use
答案　C　[句意:现在,这个故事感动了上千人,Shen有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位,去继续支持她这个领域的学生。quit放弃;advocate拥护;complete完成;use使用。根据第一段中的“Ph.candidate Elaine Shen”可知,Shen是博士候选人,需要完成她的博士学位,故选C项。]
15.A.competition B.support
C.injustice D.privacy
答案　B　[句意同上。competition竞争(由compete派生而来);support支持;injustice不公正(由justice派生而来);privacy隐私(课标生僻词)。根据倒数第二段中的“It’s pretty amazing to witness that children are 　　　　to achieve as much as you have done.”可知,Shen已经成为了孩子们的偶像,她会继续为孩子们提供支持和帮助,故选B项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·重庆高三联考)
In this book,A View from the Zoo,Gary Richmond describes how a newborn giraffe (长颈鹿) learns its 1.　　　　　　 (one) lesson.
When a baby falls to the ground,the mother waits for about a minute,and then kicks her baby.When the baby doesn’t get up,the violent process 2.　　　　　　 (repeat) again and again until the baby giraffe stands 3.　　　　　　 its shaky legs.Then the mother kicks it off its feet again.Why She wants it to remember how it gets up.In the wild,baby giraffes,4.　　　　　　 are easy victims of enemies,must be able to get up as quickly as possible to stay with the group for 5.　　　　　　 (survive).
The late Irving Stone 6.　　　　　　 (understand) this too.He spent a lifetime studying greatness as well as 7.　　　　　　 (write) biographies of such men as Michelangelo,Vincent van Gogh,Sigmund Freud,and Charles Darwin.Once 8.　　　　　　 (ask) if he had found a thread that ran through the lives of all these 9.　　　　　　 (excellence) people,he said,“If they have a dream of something to be accomplished,they then go to work.”
“They are beaten over the head,and knocked down.For years,they get nowhere.But every time they’re knocked down they stand up.And at the end of their lives they’ve accomplished some modest parts of 10.　　　　　　 they set out to do.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了长颈鹿妈妈教新生长颈鹿站起来的过程,并联想到了伟大作家Irving Stone,他一生写了很多关于伟大人物的传记,这些人不断追逐梦想并终有所成。
1.first　[考查数词。此处表示新生长颈鹿如何学习它的第一课,应用序数词,故填first。]
2.repeats/will repeat/is repeated/will be repeated　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,与上文时态保持一致,用一般现在时,也可用一般将来时表将要发生的动作;主语为第三人称单数,且repeat在此处既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,故填repeats/will repeat/is repeated/will be repeated。]
3.on　[考查介词。此处考查固定短语stand on one’s legs“站起来”,故填on。]
4.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句缺主语,先行词为baby giraffes,故填which。]
5.survival　[考查词性转换。空前是介词,故空处应用名词作宾语,故填survival。]
6.understood　[考查时态。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据下句的spent可知,此处在讲过去的事情,空处应保持时态统一,用一般过去时,故填understood。]
7.writing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,as well as是并列连词,因此前后成分的形式需要一致。根据空前studying可知,此处填动名词,故填first。]
8.asked　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,逻辑主语he和ask之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填asked。]
9.excellent　[考查词性转换。空后是名词,需要用形容词修饰,故填excellent。]
10.what　[考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语,从句中缺宾语,故填what。]
A Para.3:comprise v.包括,包含;构成,组成;Para.5:allocate v.拔……(给);划……(归);分配……(给)
B Para.1:space n.空间;portrait n.肖像;Para.2:slideshow n.幻灯片;Para.3:immigrate v.移民;Para.4:item n.物品;Para.5:privileged adj.幸运的
A Para.1:battle　熟义:n.战役;战斗;搏斗;生义:v.(与……)斗争
B Para.4:ultimate　熟义:adj.最终的;生义:adj.最完美的
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:worst floods in its history历史上最严重的洪水;Para.2:temporary accommodation临时住宿; Para.3:exceptional testimony重要证明;Para.4:immediate actions及时行动; Para.5:cover the costs支付费用;Para.6:urgent work紧急工作;Para.7:historic places历史遗址
B Para.1:pass down世代流传;Para.2:used to过去常常;Para.3:shut down关闭;leave behind留下;Para.6:go through仔细察看;检查;say goodbye to与……告别
长 难 句 式 B Para.6:But I didn’t want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was,and a person that part of me always will be. [分析]　这是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句,定语从句I once was和that part of me always will be分别修饰a person。 [译文]　但我不想放弃其中任何一个,因为它们充满了我曾经的回忆,也永远会是我的一部分。(共175张PPT)
UNIT 4　Protecting our heritage sites
选择性必修第三册
主题语境:物质与非物质文化遗产
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
写作素养培优
高考同源研探
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.pyramid n.　　 金字塔
2.milestone n. 重要阶段,里程碑
3.clay n. 黏土,陶土
4.sculpture n. 雕像,雕塑品;雕刻术
5.status n. 身份,地位;状况,情形
6.agenda n. 计划,方案;议程表,议事日程
7.intense adj. 很大的,十分强烈的;有强烈感情的,热切的;激烈的
8.primitive adj. 简陋的,落后的;原始的,远古的
9.initiative n. 倡议,新方案;主动性
10.heritage n. 遗产
11.dam n. 水坝
12.cave n. 山洞,洞穴
13.coral n. 珊瑚
adj. 珊瑚色的
14.reef n. 礁,礁脉
15.legacy n. 遗产
16.panel n. 专家咨询组,讨论小组;嵌板;仪表盘
17.basin n. 盆地;洗脸盆;盆;流域
18.nail n. 钉子;指甲 vt. 固定
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.vote for competitions　　 为比赛投票
2.be trapped in the ruins 被困在废墟中
3.a border conflict between neighboring countries
邻国之间的边界冲突
4.civil war 内战
5.the internal structure 内部结构
6.have disastrous outcomes 有灾难性的后果
7.an emergent incident 突发事件
8.forecast the natural disasters 预测自然灾害
9.humble attitude 谦逊的态度
10.pursue your dreams 追求你的梦想
11.submit the proposal 提交建议
12.a white cotton shirt 一件白色棉质衬衫
13.ban smoking indoors 禁止室内吸烟
14.collapse in the street 昏倒在大街上
15.suspend production 停产
16.entry to the museum 进入博物馆
17.showcase your creations 展示你的作品
18.a string of pearls 一串珍珠
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.civilize vt.　　 教化;开化;使文明
　civilization n. 文明;社会文明;文明社会,文明世界
2.preserve vt. 维护,保护,保存;维持
　preservation n. 保护;保存;保留;维护
3.urgent adj. 紧急的,紧迫的;催促的,急切的
　urgently adv. 紧急地;催促地
　urgency n. 紧急;催促;紧急的事
4.incredible adj. 极好的,极大的;不能相信的,难以置信的
　incredibly adv. 令人难以置信地
5.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
　violently adv. 猛烈地
　violence n. 暴力,暴行;狂热,激情
6.ecology n. 生态,生态学
　ecological adj. 生态的;主张生态保护的
　ecologist n. 生态学者;生态保护论者
7.special adj. 特别的;重要的;专用的
　specialize vi. 专门从事
　specialist n. 专家;专科医生
　　　　adj. 专业的
8.assess vt. 评估,评定;估算
　assessment n. 评价;评定;估价
9.consult vi.& vt. 咨询;请教
　consultation n. 咨询,商讨;就诊
　consultant n. 顾问;咨询者;会诊医师
10.divide vt. & vi. (使)分开,分散;分割;划分;分配
　division n. 分歧;分开,分隔
11.architect n. 建筑师;设计师
　architecture n. 建筑学;建筑设计
12.cooperate vi. 合作;配合
　cooperation n. 合作,协作;协助,配合
　cooperative adj. 合作的
13.interrupt vt. 打扰,插嘴;使暂停,使中断
　　　　　 vi. 打扰,插嘴
　interruption n. 打断;打岔;插嘴;阻断物
14.reserve n. 自然保护区;储备
　　　　vt. 预订;预留;保留
　reservation n. 预约,预订;保留
15.assign vt. 指定,指派;分配;确定
　assignment n. 分配;任务;作业
16.wool n. 毛织物;羊毛
　woolen adj. 羊毛制的;毛纺织业的
17.expand vi.& vt. 扩张;(使)膨胀;详述
　expansion n. 扩展,扩大,膨胀
18.migrate vi. 迁徙;移居
　migration n. 迁移,迁徙,移居
　migrant n. 候鸟;移居者,移民
19.awe vt. 使惊叹,使敬畏
　　　n. 敬畏,惊叹
　awful adj. 极讨厌的;很多的;可怕的;骇人听闻的
　awesome adj. 令人惊叹的,使人惊惧的;很好的
　awfully adv. 非常;极其
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.wear down 　 (使)磨损,(使)逐渐磨平
2.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损,损耗
3.take shape 成形,有了模样
4.at risk 有危险;冒风险
5.break out　　 爆发
6.for instance 例如
7.a great deal of 大量的
8.give rise to 造成
9.serve as 充当……
10.in urgent need of 急需
11.lead to 导致
12.due to 由于
13.take...as an example以……为例
14.for the benefit of 为了……的利益
15.in addition to 除……以外
16.contribute to 促成,导致
17.at the thought of 一想到
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.If so,you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.
(if省略结构)
　如果是这样,你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。
2.In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out,fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.
(where引导限制性定语从句)
　在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区,武装分子甚至故意破坏遗产地。
3.Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year,so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear.
(it作形式主语)
　每年有大量游客到联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游,所以这些遗产地遭受些损坏是很自然的。
4.The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites,the more likely we are to treat them with respect.
(the+比较级……,the+比较级……)
　我们越是承认我们的遗产地所具有的杰出普遍价值,我们就越有可能以尊重的态度对待它们。
5.Covering vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes,the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean.(分词短语作状语)
　丝绸之路跨越遥远的距离,覆盖各种景观,令人惊叹,是从东亚一路延伸至地中海地区的古代贸易路网。
6.Following Zhang’s efforts,trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time,with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire.(with复合结构)
　在张骞的努力下,贸易路线成形了。随着路网一直延伸至罗马帝国,当时主要强国间的关系也得以加强。
词汇横拓串记
盘点来自动词短语的合成名词 个人“良好品质”形容词大团圆 聚焦“造成,引起”动词短语
①come out→outcome结果 ②break through→breakthrough 突破 ③come in→income收入 ④break out→outbreak爆发 ⑤make up→makeup化妆品 ①humble谦虚的,谦卑的 ②modest谦虚的 ③generous宽宏大量的 ④selfless无私的 ⑤out-going外向的 ⑥easy-going随和的 ①lead to导致,引起
②contribute to促成;导致
③give rise to引起;导致
④result in导致;造成……结果
⑤bring about导致;引起;产生
⑥spark off引发;触发
单 元 默 写 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.World Heritage status　 世界　　　　　
2.ancient clay sculptures 古代　　　　　
3.the Great Pyramid 大　　　　　
4.at the top of the agenda 　　　　　　的首选
5.intense pressure 　　　　　　压力
6.a primitive mammal 　　　　　　哺乳动物
遗产地位
Step One　写一写
泥塑
金字塔
议程
巨大的
原始
7.the Three Gorges Dam 三峡　　　　　
8.a milestone for Chinese pop music going global
中国流行音乐走向全球的一个　　　　　
9.the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”　　　　　
10.the Mogao Caves 莫高　　　　　
大坝
里程碑
倡议
窟
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.　　　　　　 n.　 (军事)冲突,战斗;争论;矛盾,不一致
vi. 冲突,抵触
2.　　　　　　 vt. 破坏,毁坏;使破产,毁灭
n. 毁坏,毁灭;破产;残垣断壁
3.　　　　　　 n. 结果,效果
4.　　　　　　 n. 事件;冲突
5.　　　　　　 vt. 暂停;悬,挂
conflict
ruin
outcome
incident
suspend
6.　　　　　　 vt. 使感到谦卑,使感到自惭
adj. 谦虚的,谦卑的
7.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.投票,表决
n. 选票;投票
8.　　　　　　 n. 棉织物;棉,棉花
9.　　　　　　 n. 进入;参与,加入;参赛
humble
vote
cotton
entry
10.　　　　　　 vt. 明令禁止,取缔;禁止做某事
n. 禁令
11.　　　　　　 vt. 预测,预报
n. 预测,预报
12.　　　　　　 vt. 追求,致力于,执行;追逐
ban
forecast
pursue
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.　　　　　　 vt.　　教化;开化;使文明
　　　　　　　 n. 文明;社会文明;文明社会,文明世界
2.　　　　　　 vt. 维护,保护,保存;维持
　　　　　　　 n. 保护;保存;保留;维护
3.　　　　　　 adj. 紧急的,紧迫的;催促的, 急切的
　　　　　　　 adv. 紧急地;催促地
　　　　　　　 n. 紧急;催促;紧急的事
civilize
civilization
preserve
preservation
urgent
urgently
urgency
4.　　　　　　 vt. 指定,指派;分配;确定
　　　　　　　 n. 分配;任务;作业
5.　　　　　　 n. 生态,生态学
　　　　　　　 adj. 生态的;主张生态保护的
　　　　　　　 n. 生态学者;生态保护论者
6.　　　　　　 adj. 极好的,极大的;不能相信的,难以置信的
　　　　　　　 adv. 令人难以置信地
assign
assignment
ecology
ecological
ecologist
incredible
incredibly
7.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.咨询;请教
　　　　　　　 n. 咨询,商讨;就诊
　　　　　　　 n. 顾问;咨询者;会诊医师
8.　　　　　　 vi. 合作;配合
　　　　　　　 n. 合作,协作;协助,配合
　　　　　　　 adj. 合作的
consult
consultation
consultant
cooperate
cooperation
cooperative
9.　　　　　　 vt. 评估,评定;估算
　　　　　　　 n. 评价;评定;估价
10.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.扩张;(使)膨胀;详述
　　　　　　　 n. 扩展,扩大,膨胀
11.　　　　　　 n. 毛织物;羊毛
　　　　　　　 adj. 羊毛制的;毛纺织业的
12.　　　　　　 vt. & vi.(使)分开,分散;分割;划分;分配
　　　　　　　 n. 分歧;分开,分隔
assess
assessment
expand
expansion
wool
woolen
divide
division
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.　　　　　　　　　有危险;冒风险
2.　　　　　　　 大量的
3.　　　　　　　 爆发
4.　　　　　　　 促成,导致
5.　　　　　　　 除……以外
at risk
a great deal of
break out
contribute to
in addition to
6.serve as 　　　　　　　
7.for instance 　　　　　　　
8.in urgent need of 　　　　　　　
9.due to 　　　　　　　
10.for the benefit of 　　　　　　　
充当……
例如
急需
由于
为了……的利益
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:if省略结构
　　 　　　　,you'd better go to work by bike or by bus, which is beneficial to our environment.
如果可能的话,你最好骑自行车或坐公交车去上班,这对我们的环境有益。
If possible
2.句型公式:the+比较级……,the+比较级……
The more you study,　　　　　
for your future life.
你学得越多,你对未来的生活就准备得越充分。
3.句型公式:where引导限制性定语从句
She said excitedly,“The fruits are from the farm
　 　　　　　.”
她兴奋地说:“这些水果都来自我父母工作的农场。”
the better prepared you will be
where my
parents work
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1.When I learned that my son c　　　　　　 with his classmate,I exploded with anger.
2.She was fined $300 and b　　　　　　 from driving for one month.
3.I couldn't v　　　　　　 for them because of their stand on social issues.
onflicted
Step Two　练一练
anned
ote
4.The company making the product has s　　　　　 its sale for two months.
5.My father often talks about the i　　　　　　 that happened three decades ago.
uspended
ncident
Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.The 　　　　　　of higher education should be a powerful force for change,so we should grasp the chance with the aim of
　　　　　　our knowledge.(expand)
2.The organization was set up to 　　　　　　endangered species from extinction and the 　　　　　　was of great benefit.
(preserve)
expansion
expanding
preserve
preservation
3.We are trying to 　　　　　　how well the system works and the
　　　　　　will be subscribed to the committee.(assess)
4.Your doctors can help a great deal in 　　　　　 situation and you need to talk about it with them as a matter of 　　　　　　.
(urgent)
5.There is an 　　　　　　theme park in the city centre,which is
　　　　　　attractive.(incredible)
assess
assessment
urgent
urgency
incredible
incredibly
Ⅲ.短语填空
due to　break out　for the benefit of　at risk　serve as　
1.As with all diseases,certain groups will be more 　　　　　　than others.
2.In a way,I'm glad you made that mistake,for it will 　　　　　　a warning to you.
at risk
serve as
3.A bush fire 　　　　　　in Australia, causing great damage to the local people.
4.China has been pushing the reform of public hospital
　 　　　　　all its citizens.
5.　　　　　　 my English teacher's help,my English scores were always on the top of my class.
broke out
for the benefit of
Due to
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are currently about 1,100 heritage sites in over 160 countries.Unluckily,many of them are facing 1.　　　　　　 variety of dangers.The heritage sites are in 2.　　　　　　(urge) need of protection.There are many reasons 3.　　　　　　 this: The first
a
urgent
for
reason is natural forces,such as wind,water,temperature and earthquakes,etc.In the meanwhile,human 4.　　　　　　(activity) such as the flood of tourists,the human population 5.　　　　　(grow) and so on 6.　　　　　　(cause) many dangers to the heritage sites,
7.　　　　　　 can have disastrous outcomes both for the sites and people.Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit
of all mankind.We all have the responsibility to protect and preserve the sites,not only for 8.　　　　　　(we),9.　　　　　　 for future generations.Please take action 10.　　　　　　(participate) in protecting heritage sites!
activities
growth
have caused
which
ourselves
but
to participate
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.2 写作迁移
1.preserve vt.维护,保存,保护(reserve);维持 n.保护区→preservation n.
　维护;保护;保存;保留
佳句背诵　
From my point of view,some traditional old customs should be well preserved.So there is an urgent need to think of some effective preservation measures.(传统文化)
在我看来,一些传统的旧习俗应该被很好地保留,所以迫切需要想出一些有效的保护措施。
preserve...from/against... 保护……免受……
be well/strictly preserved 被很好/严格地保存
a nature preserve 自然保护区
以练促学　单句语法填空
①This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well 　　　　　　(preserve) for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.(2024·全国甲卷)
preserved
教考衔接　单句写作
②In a sense,oceans are like our beloved mother,so I advocate that we should strengthen our sense of duty to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　. (短文投稿,2022·全国甲卷)
从某种意义上说,海洋就像我们亲爱的母亲,因此,我倡议我们应该增强我们的责任感,保护我们的海洋免受伤害。
preserve our oceans
from being hurt
2.ruin vt.破坏,毁坏;使破产,毁灭n.毁坏,毁灭;破产;残垣断壁
佳句背诵　
You can’t change the past,but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.(主旨升华)
你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。
be/lie in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落,衰败
ruin one’s hope/chance/health/fame/future
使某人的希望破灭/机会失去,
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
[点拨] 名词ruin表示“废墟”时,常用复数形式。
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①The whole city fell 　　　　　　ruin after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.
②The constant rain caused serious flood, 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　.
持续的降雨造成了严重的洪水,从而使许多房屋成为一片废墟。
③He made a big mistake,　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　.
他犯了一个大错,失去了得到那份工作的机会。
into
which left many houses
lying in ruins
ruining his chance of getting the job
教考衔接　单句写作
④Playing computer games for too long 　　　　　　　　　　　　
and I have made up my mind to get rid of it.
(情况介绍,2022·天津4月卷)
玩电脑游戏太久几乎毁了我自己,我已经下定决心要摆脱它。
has nearly ruined myself
3.consultation n.咨询,商讨;就诊→consult vi.& vt.咨询;请教
→consultant n.顾问;咨询者; 会诊医师
佳句背诵　
I am writing this letter to seek your professional consultation regarding the best approach to address the recent problems I have encountered in my study.(咨询信)
我写这封信是为了就我学习中最近遇到的问题寻求您的专业咨询,以找到最佳的解决方案。
consult a dictionary 查字典
consult sb about sth 向某人咨询/请教某事
consult with sb about/on sth 就某事与某人商量
以练促学　单句写作
①You can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
(建议信)
关于如何缓解你的紧张情绪,你可以咨询你的老师。
consult your teacher about how to relieve your tension
教考衔接　单句写作
②I’m writing to 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　
scheduled for the weekend.(道歉信,2021·北京卷)
我写信是想和你商量一下我们周末的约会。
consult with you about/on our appointment
4.submit vt.& vi.提交,呈递(present);屈服
佳句背诵　
A famous artist will be invited to teach Chinese painting skills,after which many students will submit their works and exchange ideas.(活动介绍) 我们将邀请一位著名的艺术家来教授国画技巧,之后许多学生将提交他们的作品并交流想法。
submit...to... 把……提交给……;向……提出
submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受/服从
submit to 服从于,屈服于
以练促学　单句写作
①Those who are interested in the post must
　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by May 15. 对这个职位感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交给我们申请书和相关资料。
教考衔接　单句写作
② David wiped his tears and held his head high, uttering determinedly,“　　　　　　　　　　　　 　.”
(动作+语言描写,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫擦掉眼泪,高昂起头,坚定地说道:“我不会屈从于他人的看法。”
submit the applications and relevant materials to us
I won't submit (myself) to others' thoughts
An old castle stood grandly on the hilltop,which had been carefully preserved for centuries, But one night, a fierce storm ruined its outer walls and some of the delicate decorations.The local authorities immediately called for a consultation with architects and historians. After days of intense discussions and evaluations, they finally submitted to a comprehensive restoration plan.
5.assign vt.指定,指派;分配;确定→assignment n.分配;任务;作业;功课
佳句背诵　
Zhang Qian was a great explorer during the Han Dynasty who was assigned to travel to the Western Regions twice.
张骞是汉代一位伟大的探险家,他两次被派遣出使西域。
assign sb sth=assign sth to sb分配某人某事
assign sb to sth/as sth 指派某人做某一项工作/任某一职务
assign sb to do sth 分派/委派某人做某事
以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作
①If you take this 　　　　　　(assign), take it seriously and read the instructions.
②From my point of view,teachers 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　 　　　　　　 .
依我看,老师们不应该给孩子们布置太多的家庭作业。
assignment
shouldn't assign too much
homework to students
教考衔接　单句写作
③Above all,I hoped he wouldn’t 　　　　　　　　with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow.(2022·浙江1月卷)
最重要的是,我希望他不要安排我和这个好胜心很强、极其严肃的家伙一起工作。
assign me to work
6.ban vt.(banned,banned,banning) 明令禁止,取缔;禁止做某事n.禁令;
谴责
佳句背诵　
I strongly suggest implementing a strict ban on single-use plastics to protect our environment and promote sustainability.(建议信)
我强烈建议实施严格禁令,禁止一次性塑料制品,以保护我们的环境并促进可持续发展。
ban doing sth 禁止做某事
ban sb from (doing) sth 禁止某人(做)某事
a ban on... 对……的禁令
以练促学　单句写作
①As a peace-loving country,we’ll declare　　　　　 　　　 　 .
作为一个爱好和平的国家,我们将宣布全面禁止核武器。
a total ban on nuclear arms
教考衔接　单句写作
②To create cleaner surroundings in the self-study room,
　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
(事物介绍,2022·浙江6月卷)
为了创造更干净的自习室环境,禁止每个人乱扔垃圾。
everyone is banned from littering everywhere
7.take shape成形,有了模样
佳句背诵　
The spark of life grew and each tiny brain began to take shape and form. 生命之光开始点亮,他们的小脑袋也逐渐形成。
in the shape of... 呈……的形状;以……的形式
in good shape 身体健康
keep/be in shape 保持健康
out of shape 身体不好;变形
get into shape 强身健体
be shaped like... 形状像……
以练促学　用shape短语填空
①You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly
　　　 　　　　.
②Working out in the morning provides many benefits such as helping us 　　　　　　　　　.
③The waterfall which 　　　　　　　 a semicircle,is 670 metres wide,and falls 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.
out of shape
get into shape
is shaped like
④The government provides financial support 　　　　　　　　　
grants and student loans.
教考衔接　单句写作
⑤What’s more,you can try different kinds of workouts,such as jogging,biking,or swimming,which can help 　 　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　. (活动介绍,2023·浙江1月卷)
更重要的是,你可以尝试不同种类的锻炼方式,如慢跑、骑自行车或游泳,这些运动有助于保持整个身体的健康。
in the shape of
keep your whole body
in shape
The school's new policy was to ban the use of smartphones during class hours,which helped reduce their dependence on smartphones.At first,the decision met with resistance from the students.They didn't finish their homework assigned. Over time, the students adapted to the new routine and doing their homework by themselves began to take shape. At last, the policy started to show positive results.
1.句型公式:if省略结构
课本原句:If so,you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.
如果是这样,你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。
佳句背诵　
You can resort to professionals for an effective approach to free us from our phone dependence,if necessary.(建议信)
如果有必要,你可以求助于专业人士,找到一个有效的方法来摆脱对手机的依赖。
if构成的常见省略结构:
(1)if so 如果是这样的话
(2)if not 如果不这样的话;如果没有
(3)if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
(4)if any 如果有的话
(5)if possible 如果有可能;如果可能的话
(6)if necessary 如果有必要的话
(7)if anything 如果有什么不同的话
以练促学　用if省略结构填空
①The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,
　　　　　　,reaching 30℃ in summer.
if ever
②Wash it in water and pick out the small particles,　　　　　　.
③　　　　　　,use accurate data in your journal.
④If it is convenient for you,let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.　　　　　　　　　　,let me know what time suits you best.
if any
If possible
If not
教考衔接　单句写作
⑤Are you afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at you 　　　　　　, I think it’s not necessary to have other people prevent you from doing what you want to do.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
你害怕其他学校的孩子会嘲笑你吗 如果是这样,我认为没有必要让别人阻止你做自己想做的事情。
If so
2.句型公式:with复合结构
课本原句:Following Zhang’s efforts,trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time,with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire.在张骞的努力下,贸易路线成形了。随着路网一直延伸至罗马帝国,当时主要强国间的关系也得以加强。
佳句背诵　
With my heart starting to beat and my mouth dry,I rose to my feet and headed for the stage.(动作描写)
我的心开始咚咚跳,嘴里发干,我站起来,向舞台走去。
以练促学　单句写作
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
I’d like to offer you some practical suggestions.(建议信)
随着中国诗词比赛的临近,我想给你一些切实可行的建议。
②The twins prepared the breakfast 　　 　　　　　　　　　, which said “Happy Mother’s Day”.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
这对双胞胎准备了早餐,并在上面加了一张写着“母亲节快乐”的卡片。
With the Chinese Poetry Contest approaching
with a card added on it
教考衔接　单句写作
③During the class, I painted a landscape featuring the towering green trees and the clear blue sky, 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
(活动介绍,2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
课上,我画了一幅风景画——高耸的绿树和清澈的蓝天,还有一群鸭子在湖中游泳。
with a family of ducks swimming in the lake
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一　熟词生义/一词多义
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.I nailed a sign to the tree making sure everyone passing by can see it clearly. 　　　　　
2.He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing. 　　　　　
3.The police pursued the car on the motorway. 　　　　　
vt.固定
vi.昏倒
vt.追逐,追赶
Ⅱ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.reserve n.自然保护区;储备 vt.预订;预留;保留
vt.预订
①Saturdays are busy,so it’s a good idea to reserve a table in advance.
　　　　　
②Having created nine such ice reserves,Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m3 of water. 　　　　　
③It’s said that this area was once a wildlife reserve. 　　　　　
④Don’t sit here.These seats are reserved for the elderly and disabled.
　　　　　
n.储备
n.自然保护区
vt.预留
2.entry n.进入;入口;进入权;参与,加入;参赛;参赛作品;条目,事项
n.入口
①His main duty is to measure body temperature and check the passes for exit and entry.(全国Ⅰ卷) 　　　　　
②Born during the Ming Dynasty,Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service,so he turned to painting instead. 　　　　　
③People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. 　　　　　
④Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 　　　　　
n.进入权
n.条目,事项
n.参赛作品
维度二　核心知识运用
1.Conflicts 　　　　　　others are common in everyday life,but we should settle them in a peaceful way.
2.With time going on,the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely 　　　　　　ruins.
3.My father was once assigned 　　　　　　(work) in a foreign country.
with
in
to work
4.These birds are in danger of wearing themselves 　　　　　　by singing too much.
5.Regardless of difficulties or hardships I may meet on the way to success,I won’t submit 　　　　　　them.
6.“It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table
　　　　　　(reserve) for customers.
7.For my fifth birthday, I announced that I wanted a cake
　　　　　　the shape of a fire truck.
out
to
reserved
in
8.Our government plans to set up some nature preserves to preserve some rare animals 　　　　　　extinction.
9.While the government has issued a ban 　　　　　　plastic bags,people are still using large quantities of them.
10.The book is an 　　　　　　(expand) of a series of lectures given last year.
from
on
expansion
维度三　完成句子
1.Despair seized him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the exam.
一想到考试的失败,他就万念俱灰。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, you should have enough sleep and rest.
为了你的健康,你应该有足够的睡眠和休息。
at the thought of his failure
For the benefit of your health
3.The comfortable and stable work environment can
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
安逸稳定的工作环境会消磨你的意志。
4.Many fruits, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, are rich in vitamins.
许多水果,例如苹果和橙子,都富含维生素。
wear down your will
for instance, apples and oranges
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, she is talented in science and literature.
除了数学,她在科学和文学方面也很有天赋。
6.Upon hearing that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
he will come to their assistance without hesitation.
一听说患者急需帮助,他就会毫不犹豫地援助他们。
In addition to her math
patients are in urgent need of help
写 作 素 养 培 优
Ⅰ.应用文写作专练(倡议书——保护文化遗产)
假如你是李华,是校学生会主席。在中国文化和自然遗产日到来之际,请根据下面的写作提示,给同学们写一封英语倡议书,内容包括:
1.保护文化遗产的重要性;
2.可采取的措施;
3.发出呼吁。
第一步　根据要点写美句
①随着中国文化和自然遗产日的临近,我呼吁大家采取行动保护文化遗产。(heritage,with复合结构)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
With Chinese Cultural and Natural Heritage Day approaching, I'm calling on all of you to take action to protect cultural heritage.
②文化遗产是一种非常重要的资源,是人们了解古代文明的重要途径。(civilization,非限制性定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
③我国的一些文物已经成为废墟或处于危险之中。(be in ruins,at risk)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
Cultural heritage is a very important resource,which is an important way for people to understand the ancient civilization.
Some cultural relics in our country are in ruins or at risk.
④如何保护它们不被破坏已经成为一个迫切的需要。(preserve...from)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑤应该禁止人们开发一些珍贵的文物来保持它们的原貌。(ban sb from,被动语态)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
How to preserve them from being destroyed has become an urgent need.
People should be banned from developing some precious cultural relics to keep their original appearance.
⑥必要时,应当制定法律,惩罚那些故意毁坏它们的人。(if省略句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑦让我们齐心协力,保护我们辉煌的古代文明。(preserve,civilization)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
If necessary,laws should be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose.
Let us join hands together to preserve our splendid ancient civilization.
第二步　连句成文创佳作
Dear fellow students,
With Chinese Cultural and Natural Heritage Day approaching, I'm calling on all of you to take action to protect cultural heritage.
Cultural heritage is a very important resource, which is an important way for people to understand the ancient civilization. However, some cultural relics in our country are in ruins or at risk. Therefore, how to preserve them from being destroyed has become an
urgent need.In my opinion,people should be banned from developing some precious cultural relics to keep their original appearance.If necessary, laws should be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose.
Let us join hands together to preserve our splendid ancient civilization.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:作者和她最好的朋友Karina是在一次夏令营时认识的,因为她们都喜欢吃植蕉片而成为了好朋友。作者发现她和Karina有很多相同的爱好,她认为她们会成为永远的好朋友。但是有一次,她们两个却产生了分歧。在营地旁边有一片美丽的土地,那里有很多的树,也有很多的动物,她们两个都喜欢去那里玩。但是为了建购物中心,这些树要被砍伐。作者认为这会让动物们失去家园,而Karina却认为建购物中心很好。
【参考范文】
We disagreed with each other and had a heated argument. “That's terrible! We have to stop that,” I said,with images of fallen trees and homeless squirrels springing to mind.Hearing what I said,Karina,looking at me in the eye,insisted that a shopping center meant new jobs and that people were more important than trees.Neither of us could convince the other.“You know,” Karina said super seriously,“maybe we're not quite as alike as we thought.” I sighed sadly.Maybe two people with opposite points of view just were not meant to be friends,I was thinking.
Several days later,again we were asked to pick a partner. I cast a look towards Karina,naturally and unconsciously.When our eyes met,a feeling of relief and happiness welled up inside our hearts.We ended up having more fun at the camp.And even a couple of months later,we still send each other crazy pictures of our cats or our baking creations.Now I understand that no two people are exactly alike,and even best friends can sometimes disagree.What's important is that we respect each other and agree to disagree.Unless a friend does things that are hurtful or mean,a friendship is almost always worth keeping.
高 考 同 源 研 探
　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects, birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关生物样本数据的研究。研究人员发现,当前利用技术手段进行生物采样的过程可能存在偏差。文章分析了造成这些偏差的原因,并在最后说明如何完善生物采样数据的科学性。
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.”可知,现在大多数生物多样性的记录都是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的,故选B项。]
33.What does Daru’s study focus on
A.Threatened species. B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data. D.Mobile applications.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“These observations now outnumber...Are they usable ”和第三段可知,Daru的研究重点是这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。所以他的研究聚焦的是“样本(观测)数据”,故选C项。
34.What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...like the greater likelihood...right next to it”和第五段可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性,这些不当的采样方式会导致收集到的数据产生偏差,故选C项。
35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
√
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Daru认为biodiversity apps可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种,鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。因此,Daru建议biodiversity apps给采样人员一些指导意见,结合第五段的“the people who get observational biodiversity data...are often citizen scientists”可知,这里的采样人员指的是公民科学家,故选D项。
思维建模
说明文文体特点下的命题偏好
说明文中,命题者通常会坚持以主旨大意和细节理解为主、推理判断
和词义猜测为辅的原则。
1.主旨大意题
　说明文中的主旨大意题通常会体现文章的标题、文章主题思想、段落大意及阅读人群等。
2.细节理解题
　说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法,同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明,所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。
3.推理判断题
　为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力,说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发展过程和步骤的重要环节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。
4.词义猜测题
　说明文中的词义猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念等有关,这种情况下,说明文中的解释有助于对词汇的理解,解题时考生要注意捕捉这些信息,正确理解相关词汇的意思。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:detect v.发现;shift n.改变; Para.2:application n.应用程序; primary adj.原始的,最初的; investigate v.研究; Para.5:reveal v.揭示; encounter n.相遇; feature n.特征 Para.1:go extinct灭绝;in the form of
以……的形式;
Para.2:with the rise of随着……的兴起;
with the aid of借助于……;
respond to对……作出反应;
Para.4:tend to do sth易于做某事;
Para.5:make sense说得通,有道理;
Para.7:inform sb of sth告知某人某事
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens,and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable
[句式分析]　本句是一个并列复合句,前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the primary data;后半句中的since引导原因状语从句,how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。
[尝试翻译]　

[语言赏析]　这句话通过清晰的因果逻辑、对比和设问等修辞手法,成功地引出文章的核心问题,增强了论证的连贯性和说服力,同时有效地吸引读者的注意力和思考兴趣。
现在,这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据,而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:这些观察数据可靠吗
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·重庆名校联盟高三联考一)
One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.
Moenjodaro,a World Heritage site in the Indus River 510 kilometers (316 miles) from Karachi,was built in the Bronze Age,some 5,000 years ago.“Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site,” reads a letter from the Culture,Tourism,Antiquities & Archives Department Government of Sindh sent to UNESCO and signed by director Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah.The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for surrounding residents whose own homes had flooded.
Moenjodaro’s significance can’t be underestimated.When it was added to UNESCO’s register in 1980,the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional testimony(证明) to the Indus civilization,” comprising “the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.
The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to mitigate the flood damage,like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork.But it’s clear that these measures will not be enough.
Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for 100 million Pakistani rupees ($45million) to cover the costs of full repairs. UNESCO has responded to the request for help,allocating $350,000 from its emergency fund for damaged historic sites in Pakistan during UN Secretary General António Guterres’s visit to the flood-stricken country this week.
The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Amri Museum.While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites,it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and the local organization consider the best way forward.Sadly,the conservators of Moenjodaro have known for some time that flooding could bring a serious risk to the site.
In their letter,Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger, which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了受巴基斯坦暴雨的影响,摩亨佐·达罗严重受损,Ihsan Ali Abbasi和Naveed Ahmed Sangah写信向联合国教科文组织求助,最终获得修复资金和联合国的关注。
1.What makes Moenjodaro special to Pakistan
A.The geographic feature it bears.
B.The role it played in fighting floods.
C.The mass destruction it suffered in history.
D.The value it holds in history and architecture.
√
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中联合国教科文组织对摩亨佐·达罗的评价“Moenjodaro ‘bears exceptional testimony(证明) to the Indus civilization,’comprising ‘the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent’”可知,摩亨佐·达罗是“印度河文明杰出的证明”,其中包括“印度次大陆上最古老的规划城市”。由此可见,其在历史和建筑方面的意义重大,故选D项。
2.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Reduce. B.Suffer. C.Avoid. D.Assess.
解析　词义猜测题。解题时,可先将画线词所在的定语从句补全为“the site team has taken actions to...brickwork”。根据下文举例提到的举措“bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork”并结合生活常识可知,引进抽水机和修补砖墙是为了减轻洪水带来的损害,故选A项。
√
3.Which best describes the situation of the repair work made so far
A.Creative. B.Worrying.
C.Impractical. D.Satisfactory.
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites”和“flooding could bring a serious risk to the site”以及最后一段中的“concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger”可知,资金不足、洪水严重等情况让Abbasi和Sangah担忧摩亨佐·达罗会被列入濒危世界遗产名录。由此可知,目前的修补工作局面令人担忧,故选B项。
√
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Pakistan’s Deadly Floods Causing Widespread Damage
B.Moenjodaro Calling for Attention to Its Severe Damage
C.Moenjodaro Added to the List of UNESCO Sites in Danger
D.Pakistan’s UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding
√
解析　标题归纳题。新闻报道的主题一般在文章的开头。根据第一段中的“One of the world’s oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan”可知,本文主要介绍了巴基斯坦的联合国教科文组织世界遗产地摩亨佐·达罗被洪水严重破坏,故选D项。
(2025·保定高三模拟)
At every wedding I attended this past year,the event space has been decorated with family portraits—black-and-white photos of grandparents,parents in 1970s hairstyles and family heirlooms (传家宝) passed down from generations.
As a child,I used to cry when looking at those reminders.When my husband suggested making a slideshow of our family photos for our wedding,I realized we barely had any.It was at that time that I understood just why these kinds of items inspired so many complicated feelings.
My grandparents immigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s.During the Cuban Revolution,their business and home were shut down.The family came to the United States in 1968,leaving everything but a few pieces of clothing behind.My grandparents and mother responded to the pain they had experienced by holding on to things.
Today,when my mother comes to visit,she still brings bags full of useful items even if we have plenty of food.A full cupboard or a house stocked with usable objects is the ultimate expression of love.
Like many who are privileged (幸运的) enough not to have to worry about having basic things,I tended to admire the opposite—the empty spaces of yoga studios,the delightful feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon.
Now that my brother and I have come of age,my parents have both expressed a desire to downsize our possessions.I went through the things that mattered most to me:the books I loved as a child;the CDs made by friends;the college textbooks I never remembered to return.They say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them.But I didn’t want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was,and a person that part of me always will be.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在准备婚礼时回顾过往,意识到家庭旧物对个人人生乃至整个家族的意义。
5.When did the author realize the meaning of family old items
A.When she was attending a friend’s wedding.
B.When she was preparing for her own wedding.
C.When her family came to the United States in 1968.
D.When her mother came to visit,bringing bags full of useful items.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“When my husband suggested...so many complicated feelings.”可知,作者在准备自己的婚礼时意识到了家庭旧物的意义,故选B项。
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6.What does the author want to show us by sharing her grandparents’ story
A.In the old days,the elders suffered a lot.
B.The Cuban Revolution brought people much pain.
C.Some old items represent one’s precious memories.
D.The young should treasure today’s happy life.
解析　写作意图题。根据第三段最后一句“My grandparents and mother...by holding on to things.”可知,作者想通过分享她祖父母的故事向我们表明一些旧物品代表着一个人珍贵的回忆,故选C项。
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7.Why didn’t the author want to give up her previous objects
A.They were the symbols of love.
B.They gave her a sense of identity.
C.They reminded her of the old days.
D.They were no longer available anywhere.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“But I didn’t want... part of me always will be.”可知,作者不想放弃以前的东西是因为它们给了她一种认同感,故选B项。
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8.What can we infer from this text
A.Lost time won’t return any longer.
B.A picture is worth a thousand words.
C.Some sort of stuff is worth keeping.
D.It’s never too late to make a change.
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可推断出:有些东西是值得保存的,故选C项。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·秦皇岛高三模拟)
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who 　1　 becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it’s one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American 　2　 and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen,she had never 　3　 herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) 　4　 email from a third-grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class 　5　.
“I’m working on my big year-end project,” the heartwarming message 　6　,“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could 　7　 you.”
Needless to say,Shen was immediately 　8　 by the email—so much so that she shared a screenshot of the child’s inspiring message on the Internet.The post 　9　 became popular,gaining more than 270,000 likes and 1,500 　10　 since she first shared it.
Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.“It’s pretty amazing to witness that children are 　11　 to achieve as much as you have done,” said one reader.Other readers were 　12　 of their own experiences with young children growing up.“Representation matters,and it is 　13　 the third-grader found his role model.”
Now that the story has touched thousands,Shen has a renewed motivation to 　14　 her Ph.D.and continue creating an environment of 　15　 for students within her field.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了生物学家Elaine Shen意外收到一封电子邮件,让她意识到榜样对他人及自身的双向激励力量。
1.A.stuck to B.kept on C.gave up D.dreamed of
解析　句意:这对于那些梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖等角色的孩子来说,尤为如此。stick to坚持;keep on继续;give up放弃;dream of梦想。根据空后“becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders”可知,这些年轻孩子是梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖等角色的,故选D项。
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2.A.biologist B.chemist C.physicist D.artist
解析　句意:对于亚裔美国生物学家和博士候选人Elaine Shen来说,她从没想过自己能激励后代。biologist生物学家;chemist化学家;physicist物理学家;artist艺术家。根据第二段的提示“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.”可知,后文提到有个三年级的学生很喜欢生物,在网上查询到了Shen的网站,故可推知Elaine Shen是一个生物学家,故选A项。
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3.A.expressed B.named C.compared D.considered
解析　句意同上。express表达;name称之为(熟词生义);compare比较;consider认为。根据空后“herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,此处指她不认为自己能成为激励后代的人,“consider oneself to be”(认为自己是)为固定搭配,故选D项。
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4.A.urgent B.long C.unexpected D.common
解析　句意:直到她意外收到了一封来自Minnesota的一个三年级学生的电子邮件,邮件上说她想要就一次课堂项目采访她。urgent紧急的;long长的;unexpected出乎意料的(由expect派生而来);common常见的。根据前文“she had never 　　　　herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,她从未想过自己能激励后代,故可推知她收到的这封邮件对她来说是出乎意料的,故选C项。
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5.A.project B.performance C.discussion D.speech
解析　句意同上。project项目;performance表演;discussion讨论;speech演讲。根据后文“I’m working on my big year-end project”可知,后文提到这位学生正在做一个期末项目,故此处指想要就一个课堂项目采访她,故选A项。
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6.A.informs B.reads C.writes D.asks
解析　句意:这一暖心的留言写道:“我正在做一个大型期末项目。我喜欢生物学。我做了一些网络调研,发现了您的网站。我想问我是否能采访您。”inform通知;read写着、写有;write书写;ask询问。根据空前“I’m working on my big year-end project”及空后“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could 　　　you.”可知,空前和空后都是介绍的留言所写的内容,故此处应用read意为“写着……”;属于熟词生义,故选B项。
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7.A.quote B.find C.follow D.interview
解析　句意同上。quote引用;find找到;follow跟随;interview采访。根据第一段的提示“That is until she received a(n) 　　　　email from a third-grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class 　　　　.”可知,前文提到一个三年级的学生想要采访她,此处为信息词interview的词汇复现,故选D项。
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8.A.touched B.confused C.frightened D.surprised
解析　句意:不用说,Shen立刻就被这封邮件打动了,因此她在网上分享了这个孩子鼓舞人心的截图。touch使感动;confuse使困惑;frighten使害怕;surprise使惊讶。根据倒数第二段的提示“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知,很多评论者与Shen一样感动,故此处指Shen立刻就被这封邮件打动了,故选A项。
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9.A.frequently B.immediately C.exactly D.eventually
解析　句意:从她第一次分享,这帖子就迅速走红,得到了多达27万的点赞和1 500多条评论。frequently频繁地;immediately立刻地;exactly确切地;eventually最终。根据后文“gaining more than 270,000 likes and 1,500 　　　　since she first shared it”可知,此处指立刻变得流行,故选B项。
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10.A.questions B.comments C.posts D.calls
解析　句意同上。question问题;comment评论;post帖子;call电话。根据倒数第二段的提示“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知,很多评论者说他们与Shen一样很感动,故此处指1 500多条评论,故选B项。
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11.A.bothered B.requested C.inspired D.ordered
解析　句意:看到孩子们受到鼓励,想要去取得和你一样多的成就,真是太令人惊叹了。bother烦扰;request要求;inspire鼓励;order命令。根据前文“she had never 　　　　herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,她从未想过自己能成为后代的激励,故此处指孩子受到鼓励,想去取得尽可能多的成就,故选C项。
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12.A.accused B.suspected C.warned D.reminded
解析　句意:其他的读者也想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历。accuse控告;suspect怀疑;warn警告;remind提醒,使想起。根据空后“of their own experiences with young children growing up”可知,此处指其他评论者因此事产生的联想,故选D项。
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13.A.awesome B.urgent C.impossible D.depressing
解析　句意:榜样很重要,令人惊叹的是,这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像。awesome令人惊叹的,极佳的(课标生僻词);urgent紧急的;impossible不可能的;depressing令人沮丧的。根据后文“the third-grader found his role model.”可知,这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像,这件事是积极正面的,故选A项。
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14.A.quit B.advocate C.complete D.use
解析　句意:现在,这个故事感动了上千人,Shen有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位,去继续支持她这个领域的学生。quit放弃;advocate拥护;complete完成;use使用。根据第一段中的“Ph.candidate Elaine Shen”可知,Shen是博士候选人,需要完成她的博士学位,故选C项。
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15.A.competition B.support C.injustice D.privacy
解析　句意同上。competition竞争(由compete派生而来);support支持;injustice不公正(由justice派生而来);privacy隐私(课标生僻词)。根据倒数第二段中的“It’s pretty amazing to witness that children are 　　　　to achieve as much as you have done.”可知,Shen已经成为了孩子们的偶像,她会继续为孩子们提供支持和帮助,故选B项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·重庆高三联考)
In this book,A View from the Zoo,Gary Richmond describes how a newborn giraffe (长颈鹿) learns its 1.　　　　 (one) lesson.
When a baby falls to the ground,the mother waits for about a minute,and then kicks her baby.When the baby doesn’t get up,the violent process 2.　　　　　　 (repeat) again and again until the baby giraffe stands 3.　　　　　　 its shaky legs.Then the mother kicks it off its feet again.Why She wants it to remember how it gets up.In the wild,baby giraffes,4.　　　　　　 are easy victims of enemies,must be able to get up as quickly as possible to stay with the group for 5.　　　　　　 (survive).
The late Irving Stone 6.　　　　　　 (understand) this too.He spent a lifetime studying greatness as well as 7.　　　　　　 (write) biographies of such men as Michelangelo,Vincent van Gogh,Sigmund Freud,and Charles Darwin.Once 8.　　　　　　 (ask) if he had found a thread that ran through the lives of all these 9.　　　　 (excellence) people,he said,“If they have a dream of something to be accomplished,they then go to work.”
“They are beaten over the head,and knocked down.For years,they get nowhere.But every time they’re knocked down they stand up.And at the end of their lives they’ve accomplished some modest parts of 10.　　　　　　 they set out to do.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了长颈鹿妈妈教新生长颈鹿站起来的过程,并联想到了伟大作家Irving Stone,他一生写了很多关于伟大人物的传记,这些人不断追逐梦想并终有所成。
1.first　［考查数词。此处表示新生长颈鹿如何学习它的第一课,应用序数词,故填first。]
2.repeats/will repeat/is repeated/will be repeated　 ［考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,与上文时态保持一致,用一般现在时,也可用一般将来时表将要发生的动作;主语为第三人称单数,且repeat在此处既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,故填repeats/will repeat/is repeated/will be repeated。]
3.on　 ［考查介词。此处考查固定短语stand on one’s legs“站起来”,故填on。]
4.which　 ［考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句缺主语,先行词为baby giraffes,故填which。]
5.survival　 ［考查词性转换。空前是介词,故空处应用名词作宾语,故填survival。]
6.understood　［考查时态。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据下句的spent可知,此处在讲过去的事情,空处应保持时态统一,用一般过去时,故填understood。]
7.writing　［考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,as well as是并列连词,因此前后成分的形式需要一致。根据空前studying可知,此处填动名词,故填first。]
8.asked　［考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,逻辑主语he和ask之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填asked。]
9.excellent　［考查词性转换。空后是名词,需要用形容词修饰,故填excellent。]
10.what　［考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语,从句中缺宾语,故填what。]
单词 聚焦 A Para.3:comprise v.包括,包含;构成,组成;
Para.5:allocate v.拔……(给);划……(归);分配……(给)
B Para.1:space n.空间;portrait n.肖像;Para.2:slideshow n.幻灯片;
Para.3:immigrate v.移民;Para.4:item n.物品;
Para.5:privileged adj.幸运的
熟词 生义 A Para.1:battle　熟义:n.战役;战斗;搏斗;生义:v.(与……)斗争
B Para.4:ultimate　熟义:adj.最终的;生义:adj.最完美的
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:worst floods in its history历史上最严重的洪水;
Para.2:temporary accommodation临时住宿;
Para.3:exceptional testimony重要证明;
Para.4:immediate actions及时行动;Para.5:cover the costs支付费用;
Para.6:urgent work紧急工作;Para.7:historic places历史遗址
B Para.1:pass down世代流传;Para.2:used to过去常常;
Para.3:shut down关闭;leave behind留下;
Para.6:go through仔细察看;检查;say goodbye to与……告别
长 难 句 式 B Para.6:But I didn’t want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was,and a person that part of me always will be.
[分析]　这是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句,定语从句I once was和that part of me always will be分别修饰a person。
[译文]　但我不想放弃其中任何一个,因为它们充满了我曾经的回忆,也永远会是我的一部分。

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